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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

t&Sdw&m;xuf todw&m;&&ef BudK;pm;Muyg avmuobm0wGif r&Sw d mxuf rodwmcufonf? &Sw d mxuf rodwmcuf\? &So d nfjzpfap? r&So d nfjzpfap? tod&zdS rYkd mS y"meusaMumif; vlom;wdkif; owdxm;zdkY vdkae ygonf/ vuf&SdypöKyÜefb0 abm*aA' ½IaxmifhrS Munhfaomf vlom;onfvlom;wpfOD; jzpfvmonfESihf wNydKifeufwnf; ukefpnf[laom vkyftm;jzihf &&SdykdifqdkifcGihf&Ekdifaom t&Sd w&m;oabm? 0efaqmifrI[laom obm0ay;? b0ay;t&Sdw&m; [laom þESpfrsKd;udk ydkifqdkifxm;avonf/ ukepf nf[al om ydik q f ikd rf rI mS rdrüd &Scd sirf &S rdS nfjzpfaomfvnf; 0efaqmifrI obm0um; vlom;wpfO;D wGif xyfMuyfruGm yg&Sad ewwfygonf/ Oyrmolqif;&JwpfO;D ü ypön;f Opömydik q f ikd cf iG fh r&Sad omfvnf; olwpfyg;xHütvkyv f yk af y;&jcif; 0efaqmifru I u kd m; ay;Ekdifaom oabm&Sdaeygonf/ ynma&;ydkif;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm; ynm&SifBuD;rsm;tjrift& ,aeYacwfonf ynmacwfjzpfvsuf&Sdaeygonf/ ,aeY Ak'¨bmomonfvnf; todÓPf[laom todw&m;udk t"duxm;aom bmomjzpfygonf/ ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomü oAÁnKwÓPfawmf? or®moarÁm"dÓPfawmf? yapöuAk'¨gaAm"dÓPfawmf? t*¾om0uaAm"d ÓPfawmf? r[mom0uaAm"dÓPfawmf? yuwdom0u aAm"dÓPfawmf ponfwdkYonf todÓPf\ twkr&Sd? txGwftxdyf ÓPfwdkY jzpfygonf/ bk&m;tp&Sad om xdyk *k Kd¾ vw f o Ykd nf xdo k aYkd om todÓPf&zdt Yk wGuf t&Sw d &m;[laom ypön;f Opömwdu Yk kd pGev Yf w T pf eG pYf m;í tod udk &SmcJh&onf/ Oyrm okar"m&Sif&aohonf olydkifqdkifaom oef;aygif;rsm;pGm uka#aygif;rsm;pGmaom Opömypönf;wdkYudk pGefYí tod&&ef &SmBuHcJhonf/ tvm;wl a0óEÅ&mrif;onfvnf; Opömypönf;wdkYudk pGefYvTwfí todÓPf oAÁnKwÓPfudk &SmcJhygonf/ vufawGU vlYb0wGif uHtm;avsmfpGm t&Sdw&m;oabmrsm; ydkifqdkifxm;onfhwdkifatmif tod[laom xdkt&SdESihf pyfvsOf;aom a0zefqef;ppfrI ÓPfr&Sdygu t&Sdoabmonf Mum&SnfpGm rwnfwHhEkdifyg/ Ak'¨\ 0g'wGif t&Sdonf tedpö? 'ku©? tewåwdkYjzihf a&m`yGrf;NyD; todrSm edpö? okc? twåoabmudk aqmifvsuf&SdaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ todESihft&SdwdkYwGif toduom a&SUaqmifvsuf&SdaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ tod&&SdNyD;oltwGuf t&Sd&zdkY&ef rcJ,Of;awmh yg/ xdaYk Mumihf avmua&SUaqmifjzpfMuaom oAÁnKwbk&m;&Sif yapöuAk'g¨ t*¾om0u r[mom0u yuwdom0uwdo Yk nf þtodw&m;udk ½kyfemrf[laom t&Sdw&m;tay:ü oHk;oyfqifjcif usihfBuHcJhMuí þrnfaom ÓPfawmfudk &&SdcJhMujcif; jzpfygonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf t&Sdukd y,fpGefYí todudk &SmazGavh&Sdaombmomjzpfygonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf todudk udk;uG,faom 0g' todudk wefzdk;xm;aom 0g' jzpfygonf/ xdaYk Mumihf Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwo Ykd nf Ak'o ¨ moemawmfEiS fh BuKH BuKd ucf u kd ?f &cJaom vlb Y 0ud&k cdu k ?f olawmfaumif;w&m;rsm;udk Mum;? emae&cdu k 0f ,f rw&m; 0doravmbjzihf ypön;f Opöm&SmazGaeMujcif;xuf todw&m;udk OD;aqmifO;D &Gujf yKum wwfEidk o f a&GU Budk;pm; &SmazGMuNyD; 31 bHk oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS xGufajrmufEkdifatmif BudK;pm;Muyg[lí wdkufwGef;vdkuf&ygonf/ "r® 0 D &

3

EXPOSITION OF THE DHAMMA

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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olawmfaumif;wd\ Yk pdwa f eoabmxm; (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) ud k , f u sif h w &m;ud k wef z d k ; xm;wm at;..aumif;Ny?D 'Dvkd olawmfaumif;awGu ]]olawmfaumif; awG&JU pdwfaeoabmxm;}} qdkwm bmudkajymwmvJqdkawmh udk,fusihf w&m;udk wefz;kd xm;wm/ ud, k u f siw fh &m;udk rpGev Yf w T b f ;l ? bmtaMumif; eJYrS rpGefYvTwfbl;/ toufudk pGefYcsifpGefY&ygap? udk,fusifhw&m;udk rysufjym;apwm olawmfaumif;awG&JU pdwfaeoabmxm;yJ/ 'gudk pmayrSm qdkwmu... ygPH pZEÅd oaEÅm emyd "r®H wJh oaEÅm- olawmfaumif;awG[m? ygPH- udk,hftoufudk? pZEÅd- pGefYMuw,f? "r®H- "r®udkawmh epZEÅd- rpGefYMubl;/ 'g olawmfaumif;wdkY&JU pdwfaeoabmxm;/ udk,fusihfw&m; udk bmeJYrS rvJbl;/ udk,fusifh&r,hfw&m;udk vG,fvG,fululeJY rpGefYvTwf bl;/ 'gjzihf 'g vG,fwJhudpövm;qdfkawmh rvG,fbl;/ trsm;vlawGu vG,fvG,fululeJY udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYMu w,f/ qdyk gawmh Oykoaf pmifzh Ykd oDvaqmufwnfxm;wm xrif;qmw,f raeEdik af wmhb;l ? Oykocf sNy;D pm;awmhw,f? tpmeJOY ykof vJvu dk w f mav/ aeraumif;bl;? 'gudk taMumif;jyKNyD;awmh udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYvTwf vkdufw,f/ 'g[m udk,fusifhw&m;eJY vJwmyJ/ wefzdk;&SdwJht&meJY wefzdk;r&SdwJht&m vJavh&Sdw,f/ 'g omref yk*¾dKvfawGu tJ'DvdkvJvkdufwm? ESpfcka&G;p&may:vmNyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYvTwfvkdufNyD; usefwmudk a&G;cs,fvkdufMuw,f/ aemifcgvm aemifcgaps;qdkNyD; pGefYMuw,f/ twåa[wk- ukd,hftwGufeJYvnf; udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYvTwf w,f/ y&a[wk- olrsm;twGufeJYvnf; udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYvTwf w,f/ tmrdoudÍödu© a[wk- vmbfvmbav;wpfcktwGufeJYvnf; udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYvTwfMuw,f/ 'g trsm;pku wefzkd;xm;yHkcsif; rwlwJhtcsufyJ/ olawmfaumif;awGusawmh tJ'v D rkd [kwb f ;l / ud, k u f siw fh &m; udk toufxuf wefzdk;xm;w,f/ b,fvdkudpöeJYrS udk,fusihfw&m;udk pGefYvTwfrSmr[kwfbl;wJh/ toufomtaocHr,f/ t&ifwkef;u jrefrmjynfu pma&;q&mBuD;wpfa,mufu a&;zl;w,f/ ]]aomwmyef[m usm;eJY&ifqdkifawGUvm&if olrSmvnf; vufeufygvm&if olYtoufudk umuG,fwJhtaeeJY usm;udk owfrSmyJ}} vdYk a&;xm;w,f/ 'g aomwmyef&UJ oabmxm;r[kwb f ;l ? olo Y abmxm;/

aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfrsm;uawmh tJ'Dvdk oabmxm;r&Sdbl;/ ud, k t fh ouftwGuef YJ olrsm;toufukd owfwmrsKd ; b,fawmhrrS vkyb f ;l / aojcif;ao&if udk,fyJtaocHr,f? olrsm;toufudk rowfbl;qdkwJh t"dyÜm,f&Sdw,f/ omrefyk*¾dKvfawGusawmh 'Dvdkoabmxm;r&Sdbl;/ paZ "eH t*F0&ó a[wk - ajcvuft*Fg udk,hfajcudk,hf vuf wpfpHkwpfck xdcdkufrSmpdk;&if Oyrm- ajcjzwfcH&r,f? vufjzwfcH& r,f/ t*Fgajcvuf ysufpD;oGm;rSmudk umuG,fzdkYtwGuf ypönf;Opömudk pGef&w,f/ ypönf;OpömeJY tumtuG,fvkyfMuw,f/ wpfckckawmh pGefY& r,f/ qdkygpdkY- ajcvufawG rsufpdawG tysufrcHEdkifbl;? ydkufqHyJ ay;vkdufr,f? udk,ft*FgtwGufeJY ypönf;Opömudk pGefYw,f/ t*ø paZ ZD0dwH &u©rmaem- wpfzef toufudk,ft*Fg 'DESpfckqdkvdkY&Sd&if touf&Sif&ifawmfNyD? udk,ft*Fgudk pGefYw,f? 'ghaMumihf rdkvdkY toufrao&ifNyD;a&mqdkNyD; ajcaxmufvJ jzwf&w,f? vufvnf; jzwf&w,f? ajcaxmufjzwfvdkY touf&Sifr,fqdk&if jzwf&w,f? vufjzwfvdkY touf&Sifr,fqdk&if jzwf&w,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkvdkY&Sd&if toufudk wefzdk;xm;vdkY udk,hfajcudk,hfvuf csdKU,Gif;oGm;ygap touf rao&if NyD;a&mqdkNyD; vlUavmurSm 'Dvdkvkyfavh&SdMuw,f/ w&m;eJY ywfoufvmwJhtcgusawmh.... t*ø "eH ZD0dwÍömyd oAÁH? paZ ea&m "r® rEk ó &aEÅ m / ypönf;Opömvnf; ukefygap? udk,ft*FgawGvnf; ysufpD;csif ysupf ;D ygap? toufyg aocsiaf oygapwJ?h w&m;udak wmh tysurf cHb;l ? olawmfaumif;&JU pdw"f mwf[m tJ'gyJ/ ud, k u f siw hf &m;udak wmh pGev Yf w T f rSm r[kwfbl;/ ZmwfawmfBuD; q,fbGJUxJu ]]bl&d'w¬}} qdkwJh e*g;rif;BuD; Zmwfvrf;udk zwfz;l wJo h al wGu awGUvdrrfh ,f/ Oykoo f v D aqmufwnfwhJ tcgrSm bk&m;tavmif;awGu t"d|mefxm;avh&Sdw,f/ vlYjynf vlYavmuvmNyD; awmifydkYay:rSm acGNyD;awmh oDv aqmufwnfw,f/ oDvaqmufwnfw,fqw kd m usipfh &musizfh Ykd t"d|mef jyKwm? olrsm;toufowfwm rvkyb f ;l ? olrsm;Opömcd;k wm rvkyb f ;l qdw k m rsdK;ayhg/ t"d|mefvkdufw,f/ b,fenf;eJYrS olrsm;toufudk rowfbl;? ihgtoufudk vmowfcsifowfygap? ihgudk,fusifhw&m;awmh rysufap& bl;/ 'DvdkrsdK; t"d|mefNyD;awmhrS toufpGefYNyD; Oykofapmifhwm? 'g oDv y&rw¬yg&rD ac:w,f/ tvrÜm,form;ESifhawGUwJhtcgusawmh bk&m;

EXPOSITION OF THE DHAMMA

5

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ tavmif; bl&d'w¬e*g;rif;udk tvrÜm,fjyzdkYtwGuf rEÅef&Gwf aq;zsef; NyD;awmh tm;aysmhatmif ½dkufESufzrf;qD; ac:oGm;wmwJh? tJ'DtcsdefrSm oDvapmifhxm;onhftwGufaMumifh rsufpdudk pHkrSdwfxm;wm/ pdwfqdk;NyD; Munhfvkduf&if e*g;awG&JU wefcdk;awaZmfaMumifh wpfzufom;u zGJjym usoGm;r,f/ tJ'Dvdk udk,fhtoufudkpGefYNyD; udk,fusihfw&m;udk wefzdk;xm; wm olawmfaumif;awG&JU pdwfaeoabmxm;yJ/ 'Dvkd olawmfaumif;awG&UJ pdwaf eoabmxm;eJY usew f o hJ al wG &JU pdwaf eoabmxm;u trsm;Bu;D uGmw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf vlawGu ihgxdrcHb;l ? ihgydu k q f x H d rcHb;l ? ihgom;orD;xd rcHb;l qdw k o hJ u l rsm;w,f av/ tJ udk,fusihfw&m;xd&if rcHbl;qdkwJholu tifrwef&Sm;w,f/ w&m;"r®ESihfywfoufvmvdkY&Sd&if udk,fusifhw&m;udk vG,fvG,fulul pGev Yf w T Mf uw,f/ olawmfaumif;awGusawmh tJ'v D rkd [kwb f ;l / ud, k u f sifh w&m;udk wefzdk;xm;NyD; toufxufjrwfEdk;w,f/ xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf w,f/ 'g olawmfaumif;awG&JU pdwf"mwf? olawmfaumif;awG&JU tawG; eJY usefwJholawG&JUtawG;[m trsm;BuD;uGmw,f/

taumif ; jrif 0 g' tJ'Dawmh ukd,hfb0udk,f raumif;wJhpdwf"mwf ray:&av atmif? raumif;wJhtvkyf rvkyfrd&avatmif b,ft&mudkyJjzpfjzpf taumif;bufuae ½IjrifwwfwJht&m (optimism) wpfck? t&m&mrSm taumif;bufuae MunhfwwfwJh yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf[m a'goudk xdef;Edkifwm rSefw,f/ aumif;wJhbufu vSnhfawG;wmudk;/ tJ'geJYywfoufvdkY yHk0w¬Kav;wpfck a&;xm;wm&Sdw,f/ rD;&xm;armif;orm; (engine driver) wpfa,muf&UJ Zmwfvrf;av;wpfck olu b,fawmhyJjzpfjzpf bmjzpfjzpf taumif;bufuyJ awG;w,f ajymw,f/ wpfckckjzpfoGm;yDqdk&if taumif;bufuyJ ajymawmhwmyJ/ tqdk;bufu b,fawmhrSrMunhfbl;/ olu tJ'Dvdk taumif;bufu ajymavhajymx&Sv d Ykd emrnfBu;D aew,f/ wpfaeYusawmh rD;&xm;wku d v f Ykd ol Y a jcaxmuf r S m 'Pf & mtBuD ; tus,f & w,f / aq;½Hkwufawmh ajcaxmufwpfzuf jzwf&r,hftaetxm;a&mufw,f/ oli,fcsif; awGu vmar;w,f? 'Dvluawmh b,fawmhrqdk taumif;buf ucsnf;bJ ajymavh&Sdw,f/ OyrmqdkygpdkY/ ydkufqHaysmufoGm;&ifawmif igodrf;& oufomwmayhgqdkwJh vlpm;rsdK;? b,fvdkraumif;wmjzpfjzpf taumif; bufuawG;NyD; aewwfwJhvlwpfa,muf? 'gayr,hf 'Dwpfcg taumif; bufu awG;EdkifawmhrSmr[kwfbl;wJh/ bmjzpfvdkYwkef;qdk&if aq;½HkrSm olYajcaxmufwpfzufjzwf&awmhr,f/ 'Dwpfcg olb,fvdkrsm; taumif;jrifO;D rvJqNkdy;d oli,fcsi;f awGu ar;w,f/ 'Dwpfcg rif;ajcaxmuf wpfzufjzwf&awmhr,f/ rif;b,fvrkd sm; taumif;ajymOD;rvJvYkd qdak wmh olu oli,fcsif;wdkYa& t&ifu igzdeyfESpfzuf0,f&w,f? 'Dwpfcg igzdeyfwpfzufyJ 0,f&awmhr,f? wpfzufz;kd igoufom oGm;Nyw D /hJ olu b,fawmhrS tqdk;bufurwGufbl;/ tJ'gvdkyJ wpfcsdKUudpöawGrSm olawmfaumif;awGu w&m;udpöudkyJawG;NyD; raumif;wJhpdwf"mwfudk udk,hfoEåmefrSm z,f&Sm;ypfavh&Sdw,f/

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) pd w å *[ywd 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif; awmfü aeawmfral omtcg oGm;av&m&m vmbfoyÜumrsm;pGm aygrsm; aom pdwåol<u,fukd taMumif;jyKí ]]oa'¨g oDave orÜaEém}} paom *gxmukd a[m awmfrlonf/ oa'¨g oDave orÜaEém? ,aom abm*oryÜdawm/ ,H ,H ya'oH bZwd? ww¦ waw¦0 ylZdawm/ jref r muAsm o'¨goDv jynhf0olrSm? pnf;pdrfawGayg ausmfapmvGefpGm/ a&muf&m&yfwkdif; rqkdif;yJom? ylaZmfjcif; xifvif;cH&wm/ He who is full of confidence and virtue, possessed of repute and wealth, everywhere, in whatever land he sojourns, he is honoured.

pum;ajy/ / o'¨gw&m;&Sdí oDvESihfjynhfpkH aomolonf (tNcH t &H t ausmf t apmrsm;NyD ; pnf ; pd r f O pö m jynh f p k H í ) a&mufav&m (wkdif;jynf? EkdifiH) t&yfXmewkdif;ü tylaZmfcH&\/ rwå & mq&mawmf rwå&mq&mawmfqdkwm rif;wkef;rif;BuD; vufxufwkef; u&Sdw,f/ t&m&mrSm taumif;bufuawG;NyD; onf;cHavh&Sdw,f/ onf;cHwahJ e&m? taumif;jrifwahJ e&mrSm emrnfBu;D vdYk tJ'q D &mawmfBu;D udk prf;Muw,f/ wpfaeYusawmh qGrf;udk aysmhaeatmif csufxm;w,f/ q&mawmfBuD;u bmajymwkef;qdk&if at;.. 'DaeYqGrf;uaysmhaew,f?

0g;&oufomwmayhguG,fwJh/ tJ'geJY aysmhwm rajym&if rm&ifbmajym rvJqNkd y;D qGr;f udk rmrmcsuv f u dk af wmh at;.. 'DaeYqrG ;f u rmrmawmifh awmifhav; pm;&wmayhgvdkY ajymw,f/ 'geJY wpf&ufusawmh qm;av; av;iefief csuNf y;D ay;awmh 'DaeY qm;iefiefav;eJq Y akd wmh tpmydak Muwm ayhgvdkY ajymw,f/ qm;iH&rvm;qdkNyD; pdwfrqdk;yJ qm;iHonhftwGuf aMumih f tpmyd k a Muwmayh g wJ h ? aemuf w pf & uf u sawmh qm;rygyJ csufauR;awmh at;.. 'DaeY a&iwfoufomwmayhgwJh ajymw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

qif;&Jaom olaX;BuD; - 2 rH&k mG aeZm ,cif t ywf r S t quf ]]'D r d e f ; r rk e f Y a o;ao;aMumf y gqk d ? tBuD;BuD;aMumf&ovm;}} ]]uRerf ao;ao;aMumfwmyJoal X;Bu;D &JU? tkd;xJa&mufrS rkefYuyGNyD; tBuD;BuD;jzpfoGm; wm}} ]]z,fprf;yguGm? rif;rkefYESpf cyfwm rsm;vkdYaygh? a,mif;righukday;prf;}} ray;csif rvSLcsifaom olaX;BuD; onf apwemo'¨gw&m;acgif;yg;olyyD D rkeaYf o; ao;jzpfatmif olu, dk w f idk 0f ifíaMumfavawmh onf/ olaX;BuD;aumod,onf a,mif;r zsm;jzihf rkefYukdenf;enf;av;,lNyD; tkd;uif;xJokdY xnfhvkdufonf/ rkeYfrIefYonf tkd;xJodkYa&muf aomtcg ]]&SJceJ}} jrnfum BuD;rm;aomrkefYcsyf BuD;jzpfoGm;av\/ rauseyfao;bJ rkefYrIefY enf;enf;av;om,lNyD; xyfíaMumfjimjyef\/ rkefYonf ,cifrkefYxufBuD;vmav\/ wpfzef rkefYrIefYukd a,mif;rjzihf xd½kHrQomxdNyD; tBudrf Budrfcgí aMumfygaomfvnf; rkefYcsyfBuD;rSm BuD; onfxufom BuD;vmaeygawmh\/ ol a X;BuD ; onf a'gojzpf ½ k H r Qru pdwfnpfvmav\/ ]]&Sifra& rif;aMumfwmom BuD;wm r[kwf? igvkyfawmhvnf; BuD;wmyJ[? *Gus vkdufwmuGm? uJ- 'Dawmhum tJ'DaMumfNyD;om; xJu tao;qkH;rkefYwpfcsyfukdom tJ'D&[ef; tm; vSLvkdufawmh}} r,m;jzpfolonf rkefYawmif;xJrS rkefY wpfcsyfukd ,lvkduf\/ okdYaomf..okdYaomf.. rkefYwpfcsyf omru aMumfNyD;om;rka,mrkefYrsm;tm;vkH; txyfvkdufuyfygvmavonf/ ]]'Drdef;ruvJ cufvkdufwmuGm? rkefY wpfcsyfom,lNyD; vSLvkdufygqkdrS bmjzpfvkdY rkefY awGtukefvkH;vSL&wmvJ}} ]]wpfcsyfyJ,lwmawmf&JU? olY[mol? tvkv d ydk gvmwm uRerf u bmwwfEidk rf mS wke;f }} xkdtcg uyfap;eJaumod,olaX; onf r,m;ESifh olrkefYukd wpfbufpDukdifum

tm;&Sdyg;&Sd qGJcGmavawmhonf/ ]]qG[ J qGu J mG ? tm;pku d Nf y;D qGpJ rf;yg[ rde;f r&}} rpä & d , aumod , ol a X;vif r ,m; ESpfa,mufom; rkefYrsm;ukd pkHukdifíqGJMuaomf vnf; wGJuyfaeaomrkefYrsm;um; cGmír&acs/ ol a X;BuD ; crsm acR; ,k d p D ; usum armyef;aeygawmhonf/ rkeu Yf v kd nf; pm;csipf w d f r&Sdawmhyg/ pdwftysufBuD;ysufoGm;ygavNyD/ pdwyf suv f ufavQmph mG þokadY jymvdu k af vawmh ownf;/ ]]'Drek u Yf dk igrpm;csiaf wmhb;l uGm? tJ'D &[ef;ukdom tukefvkH;vSLvkdufawmh}} ]]'geÍö ,k'¨Íö orme rm[k}} tvSL'gejyKjcif;ESifh ppfwu dk jf cif;onf twlwlyifjzpf\/ (o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfygVd) rSef\/ tvSL'gejyKjcif;onf ray;rvSLcsif aom wG e f Y w k d a om? rpä & d , ES i h f w k d u f & \/ rpä&d,ukd EkdifatmifwkdufEkdifrSom tvSL'ge jzpfyg\/ ppfwkdufjcif;onfvnf; wpfzuf &efolukd tEkdif,lwkdufckdufacsrIef;EkdifrSom atmif y G J & rnf r[k w f y gavm/ &efolukd jrif&aom yuwdppfyGJxuf &efolukd rjrif&aom &ifwGif;wdkufyGJ? 'geppfyGJ ukd Ekdifatmifwkduf&onfu ydkícufcJyg\/ uyfap;eJaumod,olaX;BuD;onf t&Sifarm*¾vmefa[mMum;aom 'geqkdif&m w&m;rsm;ukd emMum;&aomtcg pdwfESvkH; MunfvifoefY&Sif;um t&Sifjrwfukd MunfnKd

o'¨gw&m; wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:vmavNyD/ ]]t&Sifbk&m;? þovGefay:rSm xkdif um rkefYukd bkOf;ay;awmfrlygbk&m;}} ]]onf;cHavmh olaX;Bu;D Ak'b ¨ &k m;&Sif onf olaX;Bu;D \rkeu Yf dk bkO;f ay;awmfrv l í dk þrS 45 ,lZem (rkdifaygif; 540 cefY) a0;uGmaom om0w¦djynf? aZw0efausmif;awmfrSm &[ef; ig;&mwkEYd iS t fh wl apmifah eawmfr\ l / oif olaX; Bu;D wdYk ZeD;armifEv HS u dk yf gvkrd l igonf wefc;dk jzihf ac:,lomG ;tH}h } ]]aumif;vSygNyb D &k m;? wynhaf wmfwYkd vkdufygMunfnKdyg&ap}} t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fonf tbdnmOfwefcdk;jzihf olaX;BuD;\ jymom'f aqmifwpfckvkH;ukd aZw0efausmif;awmf wHcg; rkcftxd aqmifoGm;avownf;/ aZw0ef a usmif ; awmf qG r f ; pm; ausmif;aqmifay:wGif aumod,olaX;vif r,m;onf Ak'¨bk&m;&SifESihfwuG &[ef;ig;&m wkt Yd m;rka,mrkeq Yf rG ;f uyfNy;D aysmw f NyK;H NyK;H jzpfae Mu\/ wpfcgzl;rQ rvSLzl;aomtvSL'geukd uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s om[w¦u d ajrmuf vSL'gef;cGifh &ojzih f auseyf y D w d a wG j zma0vsuf & S d \ / uyfap;ESJaumfw&molaX;b0rS ]]tvSL&Sif olaX;}} jzpf&ygavNyDwnf;/ xl;qef;tHhMozG,f&m aumif;onfrSm um; b,fvkdyifvSL'gef;vSL'gef; rkefYrsm;ukefcrf; oGm;jcif;r&Sdjcif;yifwnf;/ pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

xkdtjzpfrS þokdYvGefajrmufap&m\ &SifÓP(zsmykH)

(Ak ' ¨ M o0g'uxm)

]]&GmolBu;D oifw&Ydk UJ q&m ? ed*@em# ykwåu? wynhfawGukd b,fvkdw&m;rsKd; a[m Mum;qk;H rygovJ}} &mZN*Kd[fjynf emVE´NrKdU qifajczkH;ü &Sdaom yg0g&duolaX;BuD;\ o&ufO,smOfü a*gwrAk'¨ oDwif;okH;aeawmfrlpOf ed*@em# ykw\ å wynhjf zpfol todAE¨u\om; &GmolBu;D Ak'¨xH a&muf&SdvmpOf Ak'¨u ed*@em#ykwå\ 0g'vrf;pOfudk &GmolBu;D tm; ar;jref;vku d o f nf/ ]]t&Sib f &k m; ed*@em#ykwq å &mBu;D u wynhfawGukd olYtoufowfolrSeforQ tyg,fi&Jukd usa&mufw,f? olYOpömckd;,llol rSeforQ tyg,fi&Jukd usa&mufw,f/ olrsm; om;r,m;tm; rSm;,Gif;pGmjyKusihfolrSeforQ tyg,fi&Judk usa&mufw,f? r[kwrf rSeaf jymqkd olrSeforQ tyg,fi&Jukdusa&mufw,f? 'gayrJh rsm;aom (tm;Bu;D aom) xkx d u dk u H aqmifomG ; w,fvdkY a[mMum;qkH;rygw,f t&Sifa*gwr}} [k &GmolBuD;u Ak'¨ar;jref;csufudk jyefvnfajz Mum;vkduf\/ ]]&GmolBuD; oifwdkY&JUq&m ed*@em# ykwå&JUpum;t& ajym&r,fqkd&if rsm;aom (tm;BuD;aom) xkdxkduHu aqmifoGm;cJhaomf tyg,f i &J u sa&muf o l w pf O D ; wa,muf r S r&SEd idk af wmhb;l }} ]]&G m ol B uD ; yJ pOf ; pm;Munh f p rf ; yg? a,musfm;wpfa,mufu olwpfyg;toufukd owfjzwfavh&w dS ,fqydk gawmh? tJ'aD ,musmf ;&JU olwpfyg;toufowfwJh tcsdefumveJY olwpf yg; toufrowfwJhtcsdefumv EIdif;,SOfMunhf yg? b,ftcsdefumvu ykdrsm;rvJ}} ]]t&Sifa*gwr tJ'Da,musfm;&JUaeY? nOf Y t csd e f u mvwk d Y u k d avh v mMunh f ½ I & if touf owf w J h t csd e f u enf ; yg;w,f ? ol w pf y g;touf rowf j zpf w J h t csd e f u ykNd y;D rsm;ygw,f}} ]]&GmolBuD; 'Dvkd olwpfyg;touf owfwJhtcsdefxuf olwpfyg;touf rowfwJh

tcsdefu rsm;aeavawmh em#ykwå&JUpum; eJYtnD rsm;aomtoufrowfwJh (xkdxkduH) u aqmif,o l mG ;cJw h mrSerf ,fq&dk if raumif;rIjyKwhJ vl rSeforQ i&Jusp&mtaMumif;&SdyghOD;rvm;}} ]]tcsif; &GmolBuD; 'DavmurSm tcsKdU aomq&mu toufowforl eS o f rQ tyg,fus w,f? i&JcH&w,f? olYOpömckd;olrSeforQ? olrsm; om;r,m;tm; rSm;,Gi;f pGmusio fh rl eS o f rQ?r[kwf rrSew f majymqko d rl eS o f rQ tyg,fusw,f? i&JcH &w,fvkdY ajymavh&Sdw,f? ,lavh&Sdw,f}} ]]&GmolBu;D xkq d &mudk qnf;uyfMunf nKdwJhwynhf&JUpdwfxJrSm tBuHtpnfjzpfvm w,f? b,fvkdtBuHtpnfjzpfvmovJqkdawmh toufowfolrSeforQ olwpfyg;Opömckd;,lol rSeforQ olrsm;om;r,m; rSm;,Gif;pGmusihfolrSef orQ r[kwfrrSefajymqkdolrSeforQ tyg,fus w,f? i&Jusw,fvkdY ighq&majymqkdavh qkH;r avh&Sdw,f? igonfvnf; olYtoufukd owfrd w,f? olOY pömukd ck;d rdw,f? olrsm;om;r,m;tm; rSm;,Gif;pGm jyKusihfrdw,f? r[kwfrrSefwJhpum; ajymqkdrdcJhw,f? ig[m tyg,fusawmhr,f? i&Jukd usa&mufawmhr,fvkdY tJ'Dvkdt,ltrSm; tBuHtpnfjzpfaeayvdhrfr,f}} ]]tcsif;&GmolBuD; tJ'Dol[m olYq&m &JUpum;ukd rpGeyYf ,fygu tJ't D ,ltpGu J dk ry,f azsmufygu rpGefYygu av;vHaom0efxkyfukd xrf;ykd;xm;olvkd jzpfaeayw,f? tJ'Dav;vH aom txkyfESihftwl ypfcsESpfjrKyfcH&wJhyrm tyg,fi&Jukd usa&mufoGm;vdrhfr,f}} ]]&GmolBu;D 'DavmurSm jrwfpmG bk&m;

yGifhawmfrlw,f? tJ'DjrwfpGmbk&m;u opömav; yg;w&m;ukd ukd,fwkdifodawmfrlw,f? olwpfyg; wkdYudkvnf; odapawmfrlw,f? owå0gtaygif; wdkYukd oem;jcif;u½kPmeJY ñTefjyawmfrlwwf w,f? tJ'DjrwfpGmbk&m;u olYtoufowfjcif; ukd uJh&JUawmfrlw,f? olwyg;Opömukd ckd;,ljcif;? olwpfyg;om;r,m;wdt Yk m; rSm;,Gi;f pGmusijfh cif;? r[kwfrrSefajymqkdjcif;wkYdukdvnf; txl;uJh&JU awmfrlw,f? tJ'Draumif;rIwdkukd jyKjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfMuzkdYvnf; qkH;rawmfrlw,f}} ]]tcsi;f &GmolBu;D tJ'v D adk [mMum;wJh q&m&JUwynhf[mvnf; pdwfxJrSm BuHpnfrI jzpfay:Ekid w f ,f? b,fvjdk zpfay:Ekid o f vJqadk wmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u olYtoufowfjcif;? olwpfyg; Opömukd ckd;,ljcif;? olwpfyg;om;r,m;wkdYtm; rSm;,Gi;f pGmusijfh cif;? r[kwrf rSeaf jymqkjd cif;wdu Yk dk vnf; txl;uJh&JUawmfrlw,f? tJ'Draumif;rI awGudk jyKjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfMuvdv Yk nf; qk;H rawmf rlw,f}} ]]tcsi;f &GmolBu;D tJ'v D adk [mMum;wJh q&m&J U wynh f [ mvnf ; pd w f x J r S m BuH p nf r I jzpfay:Ekid w f ,f? b,fvjdk zpfay:Ekid o f vJqadk wmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u olYtoufowfjcif;? olwpfyg; Opö m uk d c k d ; jcif ; ? ol w pf y g;om;r,m;wd k Y t m; rSm;,Gi;f pGmusijfh cif;? r[kwrf rSeaf jymqkjd cif;wdu Yk dk a&S m if M uOf & ef q k H ; rawmf r l w ,f ? igh r S m vnf ; jrwfpGmbk&m;qkH;rwm;jrpfwJh tJ'Draumif;rI wkdYukd jyKvkyfcJhrdw,f/ 'gayrJh ig[m raumif;rI jyKvyk rf jd cif;wku Yd dk awG;awmNy;D ESv;Hk rom,mbJ pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y

EXPOSITION OF THE DHAMMA

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

pmrsuf E S m 5 rS omref t ck t cH r &S d b l ; qd k & if vl a wG & J U pd w f [ m Nyd K vJ o G m ;w,f / tJ ' D v d k taumif ; buf u aeawG ; NyD ; awmh ud k , h f p d w f u d k , f x d e f ; wm avmbjzpfp&mtm½HkeJYawGU&if avmbjzpfw,f? 'g NydKvJoGm;wmyJ? olawmfaumif;awG&JU pdwfae oabmxm;wpfckyJ/ a'gojzpfp&mr&Sdbl; pdwfuvIyf&Sm;oGm;wmyJ/ a'gojzpfp&mtm½HkeJYawGU&if a'gojzpfw,f/ av/ EdkYrdkY&if omref yk*¾dKvfqdk&if xrif;aysmhaysmh&rvm;qdkNyD; &efjzpfMu? rsupf u d jrifwm? em;uMum;wm? ESmacgif;u teH&Y wm? vQmu t&omod rmrm&rvm;qdkNyD; qm;iefief&rvm;qdkNyD;? qm;ayhg ayhg&rvm;qdkNyD; wm? cE¨mudk,fu xdwm? pdwful;pdwfoef;xJu&wm? 'gudktaMumif;jyK &ef j zpf M uw,f ? tqif r ajyMubl ; / rwå & mq&mawmf v d k r sd K ; NyD; ESpfoufp&mtm½HkeJYawGU&if avmbjzpfw,f/ ESpfoufp&mr[kwfbl; oabmxm;r,fqdk&if bmjyóemrS wufrSmr[kwfbl;/ 'gtaumif; qdk&if a'gojzpfw,f/ tJ'g pdwf&JUvIyf&Sm;rI? tm½Hkrkefwdkif;awG&JUtwdkuf bufuae ½Ijrifay;&wJh oabmw&m;/ udk cH&onhftwGufaMumihf vl&JUpdwf[m ,drf;xdk;aew,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m; t&S i f y k P Ö u tJ'grjzpfatmifxdef;wJh/ bmjzpfvdkYvnf;qdkawmh eE´D 'ku©ó rlvH at; tJ'o D abmrsKd ;vdyk J Ak'j¨ rwfpmG vufxufawmf umvwke;f ES p f o uf p G J v rf ; wJ h w PS m &m*onf 'k u © j zpf a pwJ h t aMumif ; &if ; wJ h / u &Siyf P k q Ö w kd m&Sw d ,f/ wpfaeYawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;qDvmNy;D t&Sib f &k m; [kww f ,fav rsupf u d ESpo f ufp&mtm½Hak wGUvm&if avmbujzpfvm? wynhaf wmfukd vku d ef musio fh ;kH &r,hf qH;k rMo0g'w&m;av; a[may;ygwJh avmbjzpfvm&if 'Davmbudk rxdef;Edkif&if a&SUqufjyóemawG t&S i f b k & m; t&S i f b k & m;a[mxm;wJ h t wd k i f ; wynh f a wmf [ m aqmifusOf;awmhr,f? ]eE´dork',m 'ku© ork'a,m} at; tm½HkawG tm;wufoa&m BudK;BudK;pm;pm;eJY vdkufemusihfoHk;yghr,fwJh bk&m;udk ay:rSm ESpfoufwJh wPSm ay:vmNyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if 'ku©udkjkzpfapawmhrSm avQmufw,f/ 'geJY jrwfpGmbk&m;u ur®|mef; wpfyk'fay;vdkufw,f/ aocsmNyDwJh? 'gaMumifhrdkY eE´D udk rjzpfapeJYvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u qHk;rcJh tJ'Dur®|mef;u bmwkef;qdk&if rsufpduESpfoufp&m? jrifp&mtm½Hkudk w,f/ jrifwt hJ cg? em;uom,mp&m ESpo f ufp&m toHuMkd um;wJt h cg? ESmacgif; wpfcg tm½Hk (6) yg; awGUvmwJt h cgrSm xdt k m½Hk (6) yg;ay:rSm u arT;BudKifNyD;awmh ESpfoufp&mteHYudk ½I½dIuf&wJhtcg vQmuvJ wG,fwmrIudk xdef;vkdufEdkifNyDqdk&if b,fvdktusdK;&vJ? eE´D qdkwJh wPSm tifrwefrSyJ t&om&SdwJh tpmtm[m&udk vsuf&wJhtcg cE¨mudk,f [m csKyfNidrf;oGm;vdrfhr,f? eE´D qdkwJh wPSm csKyfoGm;NyDqdk&if eE´deda&m"m uvnf; tifrwefrS txdtawGUaumif;wJh t&m0w¦Kukd xdawGU&wJt h cg? 'ku©eda&ma"m? rif; qif;&J'ku©awG jyóemawG csKyfrSmyJ? ol&Sdae&if pdwfxJuvnf; MunfEl;p&maumif;wJht&mrsdK;udk awGU&wJhtcgrsdK;rSmwJh jyóemawG &Sdaer,f? olcsKyfoGm;&if jyóemawG csKyfoGm;r,f/ tJ'gudk rif;avmbrjzpfatmif xde;f wJ/h 'gu usi&fh r,hf usi0fh wfwpfcyk ?J avmb owdxm;Ny;D usiv fh ?Ykd 'g jrwfpmG bk&m;u olu, kd w f ikd f vku d ef musio fh ;kH &rnhf rjzpfapeJY/ tusiu fh kd tusO;f uav;ajymwm/ 'Dae&mrSm ESpo f ufp&mtm½Hek aYJ wGU&if tm½Hk (5) yg;? tm½Hk (6) yg; vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f [m tm½Hrk ek w f ikd ;f u ESpo f ufwhJ wPSm rjzpf apeJv Y Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;u ajymwm/ uk d , f h p d w f u d k tNrJ w rf ; vmwk d u f w ,f / rk e f w k d i f ; wd k u f N yD q d k & if (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) pmrsuf E S m 6 rS Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf rkefYqGrf;tvSL&Sif olaX;vifr,m;tm; 'geqkdif&m tEkarm'em w&m;rsm;ukd a[mMum;awmfrl\/ w&m;tqkH; wGif olaX;vifr,m; ESpaf ,mufpvk;H aomwm yefrsm; jzpfoGm;Muavownf;/ rpä&d,aumod, uyfap;ESJaumod ,rS o'¨ g w&m;aumif ; aumod , b0od k Y csufcsif;a&mufoGm;av\/ xkdaeYrSpí olaX; vifr,m; ESpfOD;om;wkdYonf olwkdYykdifqkdifaom Opö m uk a #&S p f q ,f w d k Y u k d Ak ' ¨ o moemawmf twGuf tusK;d &S&d m&Sad Mumif; aeYpOf vSL'gef;av awmhonf/ w&m;obifü &[ef;wdkYonf t&Sif arm*¾vmeftm; cs;D rGr;f cef;zGiu fh m ajymqkad eMu avonf/ ]]t&Sifarm*¾vmef\ wefckd;tpGrf; um; csD;rGrf;tHhMozG,faumif;ay\/ o'¨gw&m; ESifh OpömpD;yGm;ukrd xdcu dk af pbJ rpä&, d olaX;Bu;D ukd apwemo'¨gusa&mufvmatmif a[mpGrf; Ekid af y\wum;}} þokYd &[ef;rsm;tcsi;f csi;f ajymqkad e MuoHukd Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifu 'dAÁaomwtbdnmOf

jzifh Mum;odawmfrlum <uvmawmfrlNyD;,xmyd bra&m ykyæH? 0PÖ *E¨ tygw,H/ ygavwd & orm'g,? {0H *gar rk e D p a&/ ysm;yd w k e f ; wk d Y o nf yef ; \tvS ]]ysm;yd tyES i h f tqif ; &eH Y u k d rxd c k d u f ? rysuf p D ; apbJ yef;0wf&nfukdom pkwf,lNyD; ysHoef; oG m ;MuouJ h o k d Y &[ef ; rnf o nf 'g,um? 'g,d u mrwd k Y \ o'¨ g w&m;ES i h f Opö m pD;yGm;ukd rysufpD;atmif usihfaqmif&m\ m\}} [lí a[mawmfrlvkdufav ownf;/ ("r®y't|uxm? ykyæ0*f? rpä&d, aumod,olaX;0w¦Kukd rGrf;rHa&;om;onf/)

om;r,m;tm; rSm;,Gif;pGm jyKusihfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfw,f? r[kwf rrSefpum;ajymMum; jcif;ukd a&SmifMuOfw,f? raumif;rIrSeforQukd pGefYvTwfw,f? tJ'Dvdk raumif;rIukd y,fw,f? tJ'gaMumifhvnf; raumif;rIrS vGefajrmuf avw,f ? &G m ol B uD ; }} [k a*gwrAk ' ¨ u emVE´NrKdUom;? todAE´u\om;? &GmolBuD;ukd ed*@em#ykw\ å t,l0g'ukd &GmolBu;D odjrifom atmif &Sif;vif;jyoawmfrl vkduf\/ a*gwrAk'¨\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm a[mMum;jyoaom w&m;pum;ukd Mum;em rSwfom;vkduf&aomtcg todAE´u\om; &GmolBuD;onf tvGefvQif ESpfoufoabmus rk H & G m aeZm 0rf ; ajrmuf a wmf r l v S o jzif h a*gwrAk ' ¨ \ Oygoumwynhfb0ukd cH,lcJhavawmhonf/ pmrsuf E S m 7 rS &S i f Ó P (zsmyk H ) jzpfaerdygu igjyKrad omraumif;rIawG yaysmuf rSm r[kwf? ]igraumif;rIukd rjyKawmhbl;} qkdwJh usrf ; uk d ; k f pdwful;tBuHjzpfay:vmEkdifayw,f &GmolBuD;}} oVm,we0*¾-oH,w ]]tkd &GmolBuD; jrwfpGmbk&m;&JUwynhf ocF"rokwf/ jzpfol[m tJ'DvkdqifjcifNyD;awmh olYtouf owfjcif;ukd a&SmifMuOfw,f? olwpfyg;Opömudk ck d ; ,l j cif ; rS a&S m if M uOf w ,f ? ol w pf y g;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

a*gwrAk'¨ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r® jyóemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)

,cif t ywf r S t quf xdkodkYrax&fjrwfBuD; oHk;yg;u toD; oD;wm0ef,lí &SifjyKay;Mujcif;jzpfaomfvnf; &SifjyKrI udpöt00ü OyZÑm,fq&momvQif tpdk;& t"duusonf/ yAÁZÆmp&d,? Mo0g'g p&d,wdkYu tpdk;r&Muukef/ ]]&m[kvm rif;om;udk omraPjyK ay;vdu k Nf y}D } [laom owif;pum;ukd oka'¨g'e rif;BuD; Mum;vwfaomf rif;BuD;rSm tvGefyif pd w f E S v H k ; rouf r om yif y ef ; qif ; &J j cif ; jyif ; xef p G m cH p m;&avonf / jrwf p G m bk & m; zGm;pOfu edrdwfzwfykPÖm;wdkYu pMu0aw;rif; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k a[mcJhovkd eE´rif;om;? &m[k vmrif ; om;wk d Y zG m ;jrif N yD ; aemuf r*F v myG J usif;yaomaeYüvnf; edrdwfzwfykPÖm;wdkYu þrif ; om;rS m pMu0aw;rif ; jzpf r nf [ k a[mcJhonf/ oka'¨g'erif;Bu;D onf ]]om;awmfod'¨w¬rif;om;\ pMu rif;toa&udk igjrif&awmhrnf}} [k tvGef tm;wufaepOf od'¨w¦rif;om; awmxGufNyD; &[ef ; jyKoG m ;í tvd k q E´ r jynh f 0 jzpf u m tvGef pdwfqif;&JrIcHpm;cJh&onf/ wpfzefom;awmfeE´rif;om;\ pMu 0aw;rif ; toa&ud k igjrif & awmh r nf [ k tm;wif;xm;qJ bk&m;&Sifu eE´rif;om;udk &[ef;jyKay;jyefojzihf 'kwd,tBudrf tvGef

pdwfESvHk;qif;&Jyifyef;cHpm;&jyefonf/ ,ckaemufqHk; ajr;awmf&m[kvm\ pMu0aw;rif;toa&udk 00Bu;D ig½Ijrif&awmh rnf[k BuHpnfpdwfpGJ tm;cJaepOf bk&m;&Sifu &m[k v mud k omraPjyKay;vd k u f j yef o nf ? rif;BuD;pdwfxJü ]],ck t cgü omuD r if ; rsKd ; quf tEG , f j ywf c J h a vNyD ? pMumrif ; toa&um; tb,frSm&SdygawmhtHhenf;}} [k tBuHtpnfjzpfum a&S;uxuf qxufvGefuJ pdwfqif;&Jjcif;udk cHpm;&yg awmhonf/ þtcsdefü oka'¨g'erif;BuD;rSm ou 'g*grf t qih f o m&S d í a'goud a vomud k tjrpfESihfwuG ry,f&ao;ojzihf pdwfESvHk; qif;&Jjyif;xefpGm cHpm;&jcif;jzpfygonf/ rif;BuD;onf pdwfESvHk; qif;&Jjcif;udk atmihftnf;onf;cHjcif;iSm rwwfEkdifí bk&m; &SifxHarSmufodkY oGm;a&mufum ½dkaopGm &Sdcdk; uefawmhNyD; ]]bke;f awmfBu;D aom om;awmfb&k m; wynhfawmfonf om;awmfbk&m;udk qkwpfck awmif;vkdygonfbk&m;}} [k p um;OD ; pí avQmuf x m;av onf/ ]]a*gwrEG,frSD; crnf;awmfrif;BuD; bk&m;&SifwdkYrnfonf vGefajrmufNyD;aom qk&Sd

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owå0gtaygif;wdkYtm; ightvm;uJhodkY vGwf ajrmufaptHh? igonf þjrpfrS ul;ajrmufrlum; owå0gtaygif;wdt Yk m; arsmygaeaom oHo&m jrpfrS pifppful;ajrmufaptHh}} [k pdwfxJu atmufarhBuHpnfavonf/ u|0g[evkvifonf þonfupí ]]Aka'¨gaAma",sH (opömw&m;ukd igodovkd a0ae,swdkYukd odap&rnf)? rkawåmarmap,sH (b0taESmiftzGJUrS igvGwfovdk a0ae,swkdY vGwfap&rnf)? wdaPÖmwma&,sH (oHo&m 0J*,ufrS igul;ajrmufEkdifovkd a0ae,swkdY ul;ajrmufapEkdif&rnf)/}} [laom pum;BuD; okH;cGef;ukd EIwfr>rufbJ pdwfxJuom BuHpnf BuKH;0g;avonf/ jA[®mBuD;onf u|0g[e vkvifEiS fh rsurf jrifrcd iftBdk u;D ukd ewfw\ Ykd wefc;dk jzihf uRef;okdYa&mufí toufcsrf;om&atmif csD;yihfcJhonf/ tavmif ; awmf o nf u|0g[e vkvifb0rStpjyKíEIwfrS>ruf[jcif;r&SdbJ bk&m;jzpf&efpdwftBuHjzihf awmifhwawmfrlcJh onf/ touftwkdif;aeí pkawvwfaomf tavmif ; awmf o nf oD & d r wD j ynf u k d tpk d ; &aom rif ; \om;awmf j zpf v m\/ owå 0 g[erif ; om; [k xif & S m ;onf / tz\t½k d u f t &mud k quf c H tk y f p k d ; aepOf wpfaeYoü rkef,pfaomqifukdjrif ojzihf]]wyfrufaom udavomumr&m* onf aumif;aomowå0gukdyif ½l;oGyfap\? rD;ESihfvnf;wl\? Murf;aoma>rqdyfESifhvnf; wl \ ? þud a vomumr&m*aMumih f y if raumif ; rI u k d j yKí 'k u © a &muf & avonf ? þudavom umr&m*rS vGwfajrmufatmif iga&S;OD;pGmBuaH qmifNy;D owå0gwdu Yk dk udavom rSvw G af p&ef edAmÁ efoYkd igykaYd qmift}hH } [k pdww f iG f BupH nfawmihw f vsuf &aohjyKum [dr0EÅmwGif aeavonf/ touftwkdif;aeípkawaom tcgü ewfjynfwGifjzpf\/ xkdewfjynfrSpkaw aomf rm*"wkdif; tedvdernfaom ykPÖm;&Gmü tBuD;trSL;ykPÖm;\om;jzpfvmonf/ t&G,f a&mufí tdrf&maxmifjcif;rjyKbJ &aohjyKum y@0awmif w G i f a e\/ wpf a eY w G i f y@0 awmifajc&Sd usm;rwpfp;D ukd tpm;cHí ]]igonf þaumif;rIaMumihf aemifaomtcgü bk&m; tjzpfukd&í a0ae,sowå0gwkdYtm; csrf;om ok;H yg;ukd ay;Ekid o f nfjzpfapaom0f}} [k touf ukd pGefYum vSL'gef;cJhonf/ xk d Y a emuf om*vjynf u k d tpk d ; & aom twda'0rif;jzpfvm\/ xkdtcsdefwGif

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]] xrif;-[if;rSm ¿ }} Ä aeYpOfoHk;pm;? xrif;rsm;ESihf [if;rsm;pHkygY? tm[m&0,f &omajcmufyg;? jynhfpHkjim;vnf; trsm;vlawG? usrsuf&nfESihf &SmazGpD;yGm;? Opömrsm;jzihf acR;rsm;aoG;rsm;? aomuyGm;vihf tpm;rcsihf? rwihfw,faom þoabmawG? a&maESmaeaomf.../ Ä oifavoHk;pm;? xrif;rsm;ESihf [if;rsm;pHkygY? tm[m&0,f &omajcmufyg;? tpmrsm;onf tm;udkrjzpf? Adkufudkn§pfodkY ]tpf} ]tpf} jrnfatmf? wpfaeYaomfrmS ravsmfoHk;pm;? tjzpfrsm;onf xif&Sm;ay:ayguf? pnf;pdrfaysmufí tlazmufvdIufpm;? tufqpfrsm;ES,f vSnf;oGm;aemufyg? vSnf;bD;&modkY vm;&mraumif;? tvSnhfajymif;udk aMumif;usKd;qifjcif? tod0ifvdkY oifavoHk;pm;? tpmrsm;onf oihftm;aumif;usKd;? jzpfapaomf../ a&T b k e f ; [d e f ; (tif ; pd e f - yG i h f a rmf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

&cJtyfpG vlYb0 ousyw k å £E´mp&d, (rH&k mG ) rEkówå 'kv’b= vlYtjzpfudk &cJvS onfqdk&mü (tyg,fqif;&J)rS uif;vGwfí rEkóorÜwdåESihf csrf;ompGmae&onfhtwGuf aMumihfqdkoavm/ ukodkvftvkyfrsKd; jzpfxGef; &ef tcGihfaMumihfqdkoavm/ csrf;ompGmae& onfhtwGufaMumihf qdkygonf[k ajymqdkjim; tH/h vlcsr;f omrnfonf ewfcsr;f omudk axmuf qaomf csrf ; om[l í rqd k a vmuf a y/ csrf;ompGmae&onfhtwGufaMumihf qdkonf r[kwf/ ukodkvftvkyfrsKd; jyKvkyf&ef tcGihf aumif;tcgaumif; &Sdojzihf vlYb0onf &cJ\ [kqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ ukokdvftvkyfonf rEkó orÜwdå? a'0orÜ w d å ? jA[® m h o rÜ w d å o d k Y ayguf a &muf atmifvkyfenf;? aAm"doHk;yg;odkY aygufa&muf atmif vkyfenf;[lí ESpfrsKd;&Sd\/ xdkESpfrsKd;wdkY wGif rEkóorÜwdåudk vdkcsifaom yk*¾dKvfonf vlYjynfu vkyfrS&onf/ ewfjynfajcmufxyf a'0orÜwdåudk vdkcsifaom yk*¾dKvfonfvnf; vlYjynfuyif vkyfrS&onf/ jA[®mhorÜwdåudk vdk csifvQifvnf; vlYjynfuyif vkyf,lrS(usihfrS)& onf/ aAm"doHk;yg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg;udk vdkcsif aom yk*¾dKvfonfvnf; vlYjynfuyif vkyfrS& onf/ r[maAm"dtvkyfudk vkyfBuHjznhfusihfMu ukefaom bk&m;paom yk*¾dKvfjrwfBuD;wdkYonf ,ck t EÅ & uyf t wG i f ; rS m yif jA[® m h j ynf o d k Y tacgufaygif;rsm;pGm a&mufMuukef\/ xdkodkY a&mufMuukefaomfvnf; jA[®mcsrf;omudk wm &SnfpGmcHpm;í raeMuukef/ t"drkwdåaojcif; jzihf aoukefMuí vlYjynfodkYom qif;vmMu ukef\/ vlYjynfü pMu0aw;rif;jzpfaomfvnf; pMu0aw;rif; pnf;pdrfudk toihftwihf cHpm; NyD;vQif xdkpnf;pdrfudkpGefYí r[maAm"dyg&rD tvkyfudkom tqufrjywf vkyfaqmifMuukef \/ xif&mS ;atmifq&kd aomf ynm&Sad om olonf vlb Y 0udk wpfBurd w f pfcgrQ &vdu k v f Qif

avmuDorÜwdåt&mwdkYwGif rEkóorÜwdåaygif; waomif;wpfodef;wdkYudk &&Sdatmif vkyfaqmif Ekdifawmh\/ 'd A Á o rÜ w d å ? jA[® m h o rÜ w d å a ygif ; taomif ; tod e f ; wd k Y u d k v nf ; &&S d a tmif vkyfaqmifEkdif\/ rEkóorÜwdåwdkYwGif pMu0aw;rif; tjzpfonf tomvGefqHk; pnf;pdrfjzpfonf/ pMu0aw;rif ; tjzpf u d k &aom ol o nf xd k p Mu0aw;rif ; pnf ; pd r f u d k toufxufqHk; oHk;aqmifcHpm;í aecJhonf &Sdaomf cHpm;rIESihfom vlYwpfb0udk ukefqHk;ap onf/ aovGefonfhaemufü pnf;pdrfvnf; uG,af ysmufí twd'v k b ’ = &cJvaS om vlb Y 0 udkvnf; tcsnf;ESD;yif vGefajrmufap\/ 'kv’btcsufudkodí &&Sdaeaom pnf;pdrfudk pGefYvTwfEkdifygvQif pMu0aw;rif; pnf;pdrv f kd pnf;pdraf ygif;? b0aygif;udk aomif;? ode;f ru &Ekid af v\/ xdpk Mu0aw;rif;pnf;pdrf xuf omvG e f B uD ; us,f a om ewf p nf ; pd r f ? odMum;rif; pnf;pdrfaygif; axmifaomif;ru &Ekdif\/ ewfrif;? odMum;rif; csrf;omxuf tqrsm;pGm omvGeaf om r[mjA[®mpnf;pdru f kd vnf; &Ekdifav\/ þum; vlYb0udk wpfBudrf&vQif &&Sd Ekdifaom avmuDpD;yGm;vrf;pkaywnf; &&Sdae aom pMu0aw;rif; pnf;pdrfudk rpGefYEkdifcJhvQif avmuDpD;yGm;vrf;tukefysufEkdifí vlYb0udk

&aomolonf pMu0aw;rif; pnf;pdrfudkaomf vnf; pGev Yf w T Ef ikd &f m\/ avmuDpnf;pdru f kd b0 urÇ m rsm;pG m cH p m;vd k a omol o nf avmuD pnf;pdrftwGufESihfyif ,ckb0 &&Sdaeaom csrf;omudk pGefYvTwfoihf\/ rpGefYvTwfEkdifcJhvQif ]jynhfwefywåjrm;udk xrif;wpfeyfpmESihf tqHk; wdkif a&mif;pm;onfESihf} wlay\/ vlYb0rnf onf tzdk;xdkufwefaom b0BuD;jzpfay\/ aAm"doHk;yg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg;udk &vdk aom olonfru l m; omíyif pGev Yf w T Ef idk &f rnf/ vlb Y 0onf todÓPf&adS omolwt Ykd m; cyford ;f aom avmuD avmukwå&m csrf;omokc t00 udk vdkwdkif;&apEkdifaom b0ya'omyifBuD;jzpf avonf/ xdkYaMumihf ynm&Sdaom a,musfm; onf rdrd\ jzpfxGef;&mjzpfaom aemifvm tusKd;pD;yGm;udk aumif;pGmMunfvift&Snfjrif onf&Sdaomf b0rsm;pGm urÇmurÇmzdkY csrf;om okc vkyfaqmifwdkif;&Ekdifaom b0ya'omyif BuD ; ud k &&S d a eaomtcgjzpf í rsuf a wmif wpfcwf vQyw f pfjyufE, S f toufenf;yg; tem rsm;vsuf acgif;yg;vljzpf ylcspfavmifpm Asmyg ayG½Iwf pnf;pdrfEkwfuav;rsm;udk pGefYvTwfEkdif &m\/ vHk;pHkrsm;pGm owå0g usef;rmMuygap/ ousyk w å £ E´ m p&d , (rH k & G m ) usrf ; uk d ; -v,f w D q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ Owå r yk & d o 'D y eD u srf ; rS /

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DHAMMA TALK

14

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfpmG bk&m; 0ifpm;awmfra l om ormywfEp S r f sK;d wd\ Yk xl;jcm;csur f sm; Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

jrwfpmG bk&m;onf tcdu k t f wefrY Qaom anmif;nmjcif;ponfh r[m0d y óemyk A Á * F r zvormywf a0'emwdkYudk y,fcGmjcif;iSm ormywfudk0ifpm;awmfrlavh&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif r[m0dyóemykAÁ*Frzvormywfjzihf jyif;xefaom a&m*g a0VK0&GmwGif tEÅrd 0gqdak omtcgü jyif;xefaomtema&m*g a0'emudk a0'em'PfwdkYudk y,fcGm&mü þOyrmtwkdif; rSwf,lygav/ y,fcmG jcif;iSm ormywfukd 0ifpm;awmfrjl yefonf/ xdo k 0Ykd ifpm;awmfral om þum;cPduzvormywfEiS fh r[m0dyóem ykA*Á rF zvorm ormywfESpfyg;wdkY\ xl;jcm;csufukd þodkYrSwfom;&ygonf/ ywfESpfyg;wdkY\ xl;jcm;csufrsm;jzpfygonf/ cPd u zvormywf pmudk;/ / (1) 'DCedum, 2? t|uxm? (2) ½lyowåu t½lyowåu jrwfpGmbk&m;tcdkuftwefYrQaom a0'emudky,fcGmjcif;iSm jzihf r[m0dyóem ½IyGm;yHkudk 0dok'¨dr*fESihf r[mpnf0dyóem ½Ienf; 0ifpm;awmfrltyfaom zvormywfonfum; cPduormywfjzpfyg 'kwd,tkyfwdkYrS xkwfEIwfaumuf,lygonf/ onf/ ,if;ormywfonf 0ifpm;aecsdeftwGif; tcdkuftwefYüom Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; a0'emud k y,f c G m Ek d i f y gonf / ormywf r S xawmf r l a omtcgü a0'emonf jyefvnfjzpfay:í vTrf;rdk;Ekdifygonf/ tm*wkdY jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm; opfcufopfw;kH tptewdu Yk saomaMumihv f nf;aumif;? td;k jcrf; yJhtpteusaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? &SJoGm;aom arSmfonf a&udk Ä usm;rtqifhtwef;cGJwm vsifjrefpGmjyefvnfzHk;vTrf;ouJhodkY rSwf&m\/ wdkYjrefrmrSm ewdcPduormywf[lonf ocFg&wpfyg;yg;udk O',AÁ,ÓPfrS tcGifhta&;wef;wl&Sd/ / pí 0dyóem½Ium 0ifpm;awmfrltyfaom tcsdefumvrMumaom (t&[wåzdkvf) zvormywfudkqdkvdkygonf/ Ä jrefrmh&mZ0if? orkdif;pOfrSm r[m0d y óemyk A Á * F r zvormywf &mZeJY nm;vdkY rdzk&m;jzpfwmawGudk rqdkvdk jyif;xefaoma0'emudk y,fcGm&eftwGuf 0ifpm;awmfrltyf udk,fwkdif bk&ifrBuD;jzpfcJhzl;wJh aom ormywfum; r[m0dyóemudk a&SUoGm;jyKí 0ifpm;awmfrlaom om"uawG&Sdygw,f/ / zvormywfjzpfygonf/ r[m0dyóem ykAÁ*Frzvormywf[kac:yg onf/ Ä oHk;yHkyd#u? pmawGwwfvdkY r[m0d y óemqd k o nf r S m um; pmcscJhwJh oHysifrif;orD; ½kyfw&m;udk (1) tm'geedau©y½Ienf;? (2) 0a,m0k¹w¬*Fr½I bkef;BuD;awGudk oifMum;cJh&w,f/ enf;/ (3) tm[m&r,½Ienf;? (4) Owkr,½Ienf;? (5) ur®Z½Ienf;?

(6) pdwåZ½Ienf;? (7) "r®wm½Ienf;? þckESpfyg;aom ½Ienf;jzihfvnf; Ä e,fcsJUawmfvSef? zufqpf&eftoufay; aumif;? emrfw&m;wdu Yk kd (1) uvmy½Ienf;? (2) ,ru½Ienf;? (3) cPdu trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; vIyf&Sm;umvrSm ½Ienf;? (4) y#dyg#d½Ienf;? (5) 'd|dO*¢g#eH½Ienf;? (6) rmeork*¢g#e½Ienf;? tm*jrefrmtrsKd;orD; (7) eduEÅdork*¢g#e½Ienf;/ þckepfyg;aomenf;jzihfvnf;aumif;? armifwpfxrf;r,fwpf&Guf þwpfq,hfav;yg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzihf ½IrSwfaom 0dyóemudk a&SUwef;xGufcJhzl;ygw,f/ / qdo k nf/ þodkYtus,ftm;jzihf r[m0dyóemudk a&SUoGm;jyKí 0ifpm; Ä trsKd;orD;pGrf;aqmif&Sifrsm;pGmyifxGufay: awmfrltyfaom zvormywfonf jyif;xefaoma&m*ga0'emudk EkdifiHawmfopf wnfaqmufa&; MumjrihfpGmy,fcGmEkdifonf/ jynfoludk tvkyftauR;jyKawmh tvG e f u sJ o G m ;aom arS m f w d k Y u J h o d k Y 0rf;ajrmufEkarmf a,musf m ;wpf a ,muf o nf arS m f j ynh f a eaom a&uef o d k Y om"kac:vdkuf&ygaMumif;..../ / oufqif;í arSmfwdkYudk vufajcwdkYjzihf z,f&Sm;&m\/ tvGefusJoGm;aom armif a us;Zl ; arSmfonf MumjrihfrS a&ay:odkY zHk;vTrf;Ekdif&m\/

COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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15

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DHAMMA DWE

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A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WEST BOUND "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

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A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WEST BOUND

18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

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A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WEST BOUND "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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19

cJhNyD;onhfaemufwGif? trsm;wum owå0grsm; qkawmif;qk,l&m Moumo0E´emapwDykxdk;rsm;udk (38) qlwdwd wnfcJhNyD;? ,cktcg "r® 0D&*sme,fwu kd w f iG f tpfuv kd kd nDwpfrQ &if;ES;D cspcf ifae&aom wdu k yf ikd &f iS f OD;wifpdk; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) \ zdwfac:csuft& aeYpOfvdk owif;aqmif;yg; rsm;a&;om;í wpfzufwpfvrf;rS tm;jznhfulnDaeoljzpfygonf/ rdrdzcifBuD;onf rnfonhfukodkvfaumif;rIrsm;udk jyKvkyfonf jzpfap? rdrdtusdK;twGuf taxmuftyHhtusdK;aus;Zl;wdkYudk rarQmfvihf? qkrawmif;? a&puftvsOf;rcs? trsm;tusdK;twGufudkom &nfarQmfí yDyDjyifjyif vkyfaqmifawmfrlwwfygonf/ þonfudk&nfí q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u qHk;rawmfrljcif;jzpf rnfxifygonf/ rdrd\zciftygt0if rdrdwdkYonf aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmf bk&m;Bu;D tm; ,ckryS if pwifí zl;ajrmfciG &hf &SMd ujcif;jzpfygonf/ xdak eYu w&m;emy&dowfrsm;xJwGifvnf; rdrd\zcifrSm touftBuD;qHk; (82ESp)f jzpfygojzihf þodYk rde>Yf rufMo0g'ay;awmfryl gaom q&mawmfb&k m; BuD ; \ arwå m "mwf u d k o'¨ g yD w d ? o'¨ g 0D x d j zih f OD ; cd k u f y l a Zmf u m vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ MunfEl;rIaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGmjzihf aumif;pGmcH,lcJh&yg aMumif; arwåmqihfavmif;í "r®0D& "r®rmru y&dowftaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkYtm; rdrdwdkYESifh xyfwlMunfjzLaumfa&mf om"kEkarmf ac:qdkawmfrlEdkifMuygap&ef ½dk;pif;yGihfvif; pifMu,fpGmjzihf a&;om; azmfjytyfygonf/ q&mawmfBuD; w&m;a[mMum;csdefrSm wpfem&DcefY Mumygonf/ acgif e ef ; yv’ i f w G i f w pf n wm aus;Zl;awmf&iS f q&mocif r[maAm"dNrKd iq f &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D onf a0ae,s y&dowftaygif;wdkYtm; r[mNrdKifawm&BuD;tv,frS acgifeef;yv’if "ar®opcef;wGif wpfnOhfwmrQom nOhftdyfnOhfaewnf; cdMk uap&ef? ukov kd af umif;rIrsm;jyKvyk Mf uNy;D onhaf emuf jyefvnfxu G cf mG Mu&ef owfrSwfxm;&Sdawmfrlygonf/ xdo k nhf q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D csrw S x f m;&Sad om pnf;urf;trdeYf awmftwdkif; rdrdwdkYtzGJUESifhwuG tm;vHk;aom y&dowftaygif;wdkYonf xdkuqkefvjynhfaeY aeYvnfydkif;wGifyif rdrdwdkYvmMu&m NrdKU&Gme,fy,f toD;oD;odkY jyefvnfxGufcGmcJhMuygonf/ rdrdwdkYtzGJUonfvnf; rHk&GmNrdKU odkY jyefvmcJhMuygonf/ vrf;c&D;tMum; awmv,facgifwGif acgifeef;yv’ifpcef;rS jyefvmMuaom y&dowftcsdKUwdkYudk ajcvsifc&D;jzihf avQmufvSrf;aeMu onfudk rdrdwdkYum;ay:rS awGUjrif&ygonf/ rarmEdkifryef;Edkiftxkyftydk; udk,fpD&Gufvsuf avQmufvSrf;aeMu&if;rS? rdrdwdkYtm; vufjyEIwfquf aeMuonfwdkYukd MunfEl;pGmawGUjrif&ygaMumif;jzihf? þ ]]r[mNrdKifawm BuD;xJrS 0e0goD r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xH tzl;tajrmf c&D; wpfacguf ]]yxrqHk; tBudrfa&mufcJh&aom rSwfwrf;aqmif;yg;udk trSwfw& wifjytyfygonf/ þc&D ; ü aus;Zl ; wif x d k u f o l r sm; r[mNrKd iaf wmBu;D xJrS acgifeef;yv’icf &D;pOfwiG f apwem o'¨g w&m; xufoefpGmjzihf ydkYaqmifulnDay;Muaom rHk&GmNrdKU v,fwD&yf zdk;vjynhfbk&m;zl;ydkYaqmifa&;ydkif&Sif OD;rif;odef;? armifvdIifxGef;wdkYtm; txl;yif aus;Zl;wif&ygonf/ ¤if;yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf &efukefrSvmaom tzGJUrsm;tm; r[mNrdKifawmBuD;qDodkY tacgufacguftcgcg ydkYaqmifay; aeMuol rsm;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYESihfBudKwifqufoG,fpDpOfvdkMuygu pmrsuf E S m 23 ok d Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

v,fweD , d

NIYAMA DIPANI OR MANUA by

Maha-thera- Ledi Sayadaw, Ag TRANSLATED From the Pali, By Revised and Edited by Mrs. C.A.F The Residuem Translated by VEN

ed,mr 'DyeD

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or® m orÁ K '¨ ó yPmrES i f h y#d n mOf ed , mr"r® o H o d ' ¨ H ? ed , mr"r® a 'ouH / ewGm emxH u&dómrd? okbH ed,mr'Dyed H/ t[H? v,fwDq&m igonf/ ed,mr"r®oHod'¨? oacsFrsm;pGm urÇmbmü yg&rDq,fyg; tjym;wd Ho orÇm&wdkYudk t&,SOfrSD; jznhfusifh NyD;rS apmxD;xG#fzsm; bk&m;jzpfNrJ[laom "r®ed,mr t½dk;usojzihf Ak'¨ bm0 udpöukefpif atmifjrifNyD;pD; awmfrlxaom/ ed,mra'ouH? y#dpö orkymÜ ' ponfxif&mS ; ed,mrw&m;wdu Yk v kd nf; a[mMum;awmfrx l aom/ emxH? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ ewGm- emrmrd? &Sdcdk;yg\/ ewGm? &Sdcdk;NyD;í? okbH? oabm,kwåd vHkavmufbdí Munhfolcyif; vif;BuD;vif;atmif aumif; jcif; txl;ESihf jynfhpHkaom/ ed,mr'Dyed H? ed,mr'DyeD þusrf;pmopfudk/ u&dórd? pD&ifaytHh/ þ*gxmü ed,mr"r®oHod'¨H [lonfum; bmomwpfyg;wdkYü uJo h Ykd taMumif;r&Sb d J rdrt d vdv k kd jzpfay:vmaom bk&m;rsKd ;r[kw[ f v l /kd &efukefNrdKU "r®o0etoif;BuD;\ tBuD;tcsKyf Ouú|jzpfol yifpiftNird ;f pm;0efaxmufBu;D ]]armifa&T*ikd }f } ESifh ¤if;toif;om;wpfpw k Ykd u ed,mrw&m;ig;yg;\ oabmt"dymÜ ,frsm;udk uGu J jJG ym;jym; xif&mS ;vS pGm odjrifvdkMuygaMumif;ESihf jrefrmouú&mZf 1272- ck 'kwd,0gqdk vqkwf (6) &ufaeYwGif rHk&GmNrdKU v,fwDawm&ausmif;wkduftwGif; oDwif; 0guyfqdkí aexdkifvsuf&Sdaom v,fqDq&m igwdkYxHodkY awmif;yef avQmufxm;pm vma&mufonfjzpfí ¤if;"r®o0etoif; BuD;\ tBuD; tcsKyf Ouú| NyDpD'ifESifhwuG toif;om;wdkY avQmufxm; csuf t & ]]ed , mrw&m;}} ig;yg;wd k Y u d k xif & S m ;pG m azmf j yaom ed,mr'DyeD udk pD&ifa&;om;aytHhownf;/ ed , mrt"d y Ü m ,f trde&Yf v dS u dk o f nf &efuek Nf rKd U "r®o0etoif; tBu;D Ouú|jzpfol armifa&T0dkif? rif;wdkYavQmufvTmrSm ed,mrw&m; ig;yg;ü rusOf;rus,f

-ma Dipani Niya -

OF THE FIVEFOLD NIYAMA (Cosmic Order) Honour to the Exalted One, Arahat Buddha Supreme.

Honour to the Norm, honour to the Order.

Honour to the Teachers.

And may they e'er before me stand And commune with me as I go.

Him who became perfect by the cosmic order, him who taught that law, him the Refuge thus honouring, I shall now expound that Law. The expression 'became perfect by the cosmic order' means that this order includes laws of cosmic order for Buddhas, whereby the state of Buddhahood is completely brought to pass and achieved. These Laws bring about the attainment of Bodhi by the great Bodhisats- namely, the ten Perfections, each of three stages, the five great Renunciations, the Threefold Duty, and. at the end of the days, the grappling, while on the Bodhi-seat, with the law of casuality, and the perceiving, while in Jhana-concentration with controlled respiration, the genesis and evanescence of the five aggregates of individuality. By these things the Buddhas win Buddhahood, hence such matters are called the things of the cosmic order for Buddhas, Hereby we indicate that not by chance or accident to Buddhas become perfect.

"Who taught that law" means that He taught this and that way of applying the law of cosmic order, taught the one cosmic order of the five series of that order.

The Fivefold Niya-ma is as follows:(1) Utu-niya-ma: The Caloric Order.

(2) B1-ja-niya-ma: The Germinal Order.

(3) Kamma-niya-ma: The Moral Order.

(4) Citta-niya-ma: The Psychical Order.

(5) Dhamma-niya-ma: Natural Phenomenal Sequence.

(1) Utu is that which manifests, brings forth, generates

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

wDe, d mr'DyeD

ANUAL OF COSMIC ORDER by

aw, Aggamaha-pandita, D. Litt. li, By M. Barua. M.A., D. Litt, and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, M.A. D. Litt.

by VEN. U Nyana., Pathamagyaw. t"dyÜm,fudk odvdkMuonf[k yg&Sday\/ odkY&mwGif Ak'¨bmomrSwpfyg; tjcm;bmom q&mrsm;ESihfajymqdkMu&mrSm jzpfvmaom ]]ed,mr}} pum;jzpfaMumif;yg&So d nfEiS fh ed,mrw&m;ig;yg;ESiyfh if avmuoH;k yg;vH;k NyD;pD;Edkif&ef twefBuD;csJUí a&;vkduf&avonf/ ]]ed , mr}} w&m;qdkonfum;- wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomvlç wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom ewfç wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom odMum;ç wpfpHkwpf a,mufaom jA[®mç wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom xm0&bk&m;wdkYü jyKvkyfrIç zefqif;rIwEYkd iS fh rpyfrqdik b f J "mwfobm0tavsmuf razmufrjyef trSef tNrJrvTJrajymif; olYtaMumif;ESihf olYtusdK;ç olYtEG,fESihf olYtrsdK;ç t½dk; rysuf tpOfrysuf tqufquf jzpfyGm;íaerIudk ed,mrw&m;qdkonf/

y"meenf ; xdked,mrw&m;udk ajymqdkMuaomolwdkYonf pum;t&mü enf;av;q,ftvm y"meenf;rsKd;udk ajymqdMkuuke\ f / /y"meenf; qdkonfum;- ]]&mZm tm*päwd}} wnf;/ &mZm? rif;onf/ tm*päwd? vm\ qdk&mü y"meenf;jzpfaom rif;udkxkwfazmfíqdkojzihf xdkrif;ESihf xdkufwefaom tNcHt&Hjzpfol vlaygif;rsm;pGm yg&Sdvdrfhrnf[k rqdkbJESihf od&aomenf;wnf;/ xdyk "meenf;rsKd ;udk 1270-jynhEf pS f ewfawmfvtcg &efuek Nf rKd U ykZGefawmif&yf w&m;r@yfBuD;rSm igwdkYajyma[mzl;onfudk jyqdkOD;tHh/ y"mepum;BuD ; oH k ; cG e f ; þavmuü y"mepum;BuD; oHk;cGef;&Sd\/ 1/ opfyifcsHKjruf o&ufydEéJ aumufyJajymif;ESrf; Al;ç c&rf; pnfwdkYrSm rsdK;aph&SdygrS jzpfEdkifMuonf[laompum;/ 2/ vlw\ Ykd ypön;f Opöm csr;f ompD;yGm; jzpfymG ;rIwrYkd mS a&SUukov kd f uH&SdygrS jzpfEdkifMuonf[laompum;/ 3/ vlwüYkd ,ckb0 ,ckoEÅmefwiG f r*fÓPfç zdv k Ó f Pfç edAmÁ ef &a&;rSm a&S;yg&rD&SdygrS &EdkifMuonf [laompum;/ xdkoHk;cGef;wdkYwGif yxy"mepum;BuD;ü rsdK;aph[laom y"me pum;omjzpf\/ rsdK;aph&Sd½HkESihf aygufa&mufEdkifMuonf r[kwfao;/

what is ungenerate, develops that which is generate. But what is it? It is the specific quality we know as heat; the bare primary quality of fire. In this connection let us consider the four "great essentials" of matter.

Each of these exhibits three forms, by the first essential quality "Pathavi" we understand either (i) that constant "extended element," adaptable and pliant, which functions as the basis of the other three-fluids, fires, gases-or (ii) soil, or (iii) rock. The second essential element has the salient mark of binding together, but there can be co binding without the wherewithal to bind.

Nor in the third essential can there be heat without food, without fuel. Nor as to the fourth essential can there be mobility without some moving base. Hence whatever material phenomean we takeliquid, fiery or gaseous, even the smallest atoms- the element called pathav1 is the supporting condition of all of them by its function of serving as 'basis' to all.

By the second essential quality "Apo" we understand either (i) that constant "cohesive element." adaptable and pliant, which functions is solids, fires, gases, as that by which they cohere: or (ii) the "viscous", the moisture that is for instance in boides, the trees, etc: or (iii) the more obvious fluid a-po manifested in this or that liquid. (ii) The "viscous" form of a-po denotes, as has been said, moisture in organic form, such as in an unwithered tree or an undried body. (iii) The "fluid", such as waters and juices, is obvious. Whatever conglomerates in the least atoms, all are impossible without the function of cohension. It has therefore been said that a-po is primarily the variable internal cohension of soilds, fire and air.

By the third essential quality "Tejo" we understand either (i) that constant element of heat, adaptable and pliant, which as 'hot' and 'cold' functions in solids, etc., as that which generates and as that which brings to maturity; or (ii) glowing heat, or

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

opfyifç csHKç jrufwdkYrSm aygufa&muf&mXmejzpfaom ajrt&yfvnf; &SdygOD;rS aygufa&mufaMumif;jzpfaom rdk;a&ç rdk;aygufvnf; &SdygOD;rS aygufa&mufEdkifMuukefonf[k od&onf/ aumufyJç ajymif;ç ESrf;wdkYrSm v,f,m ajrcif;vnf; &SdygOD;rS rdk;a&ç rdk;aygufvnf; vHkavmufpGm &Gmyg OD;rS awmifola,musfm;ü 0D&d,rIvkyfief;pkvnf; olYtcgESihfolYvkyfief; aphpHkvHkavmufpGm vkyfaqmifygOD;rS atmifrdk;ç atmifa&vnf; &SdygOD;rS aygufa&mufyGm;BuD; toD;tESH jzpfxGef;EdkifMuukefonf/ odkYr[kwfvQif rsKd ;apha[mif;wdyYk if vHak vmufpmG &Syd gukejf im;aomfvnf; v,f,majrcif; r&Scd ahJ om raygufa&mufEikd Mf uukeNf y/D v,f,majrcif;yif &Syd gaomfvnf; BuJrdk;ç pdkufrdk; r&SdcJhaomf raygufa&mufEdkifMuukefNyD/ BuJrdk;ç pdkufrdk;yif &Sdygaomfvnf; awmifola,musfm; rusef;rmrIç aomufpm;,pfrl; usL;vGe;f rIç rif;jypfrif;'Pf tusO;f tMuyfusc&H rI wpfcck w k aYkd Mumifh xGerf çI ,ufrIç BuJrIç pdkufrI vkyfief;pkudk jyKcGifhr&&SdaecJhaomf raygufra&muf EdkifMuukefNyD/ vkyfief;pkudk jyKvkyfí aygufa&mufMuygukefaomfvnf; aemufvkduf rdk;a&r&Sdacsu aoaysmufysufqHk; Mu&avukef\/ þum; yxry"mepum;BuD;\ teuft"dyÜm,fwnf;/ 'kwd,y"mepum;BuD;ü aumufpyg;wdkYrSm rsdK;apha[mif;wdkYESihf vlw\ Ykd ypön;f Opöm csr;f oma&;wdrYk mS a&S;ukov kd u f aH [mif;wdo Yk nf wlMu ukef\/ aumufpyg;wdkYrSm v,f,majrcif;wdkYESifh vlwdkYrSm ykAÁmp&d, trdtbwdkYonf wlMuukef\/ tvdr®mrIü oGefoifqHk;rjcif; r&SdMuukef aom trdtbwdo Yk nf &SMd uygukejf im;aomfvnf; r&S&d m a&mufMuuke\ f / aumufpyg;wdkYü v,f,majrcif; &SdonfESifhwl\/ tqHk;tr nHhzsif;vS aom rdbwdo Yk nf ajrqDç ajrMoZm enf;yg;vSaom v,fwrd çf v,faum wdkYESihf wlMuukefü/ xdkolwdkY\ vufwGif;ü BuD;yGm;&ukefaom oli,fwdkY onf v,fwdrfç v,faumwdkYü aygufa&mufMu&ukefaom aumufpyg; wdkYESihf wlMuukef\/ tqHk;traumif;rGefMuaom rdbwdkYonf ajrqDç ajrMoZm jynfhpHkpGmaom v,f,majrcif;wdkYESihf wlMu\/ xdkolwdkY\ vufwGif;ü BuD;yGm;Muukefaom oli,fwdkYonf v,faumif; ,maumif; wdkYü aygufa&mufaom aumufpyg;wdkYESihf wlMuukef\/ aumufpyg;wdrYk mS pdu k rf ;kd ç ysKd ;rd;k wdEYk iS fh vlwrYkd mS vufO;D i,fq&m wdkYonf wlMuukef\/ vufOD;i,fq&mwdkYu tvdr®mr&SdMuvQif oli,f wdkYrSm tvdr®mrsdK; raygufra&mufEdkifMuukefNyD/ aumufpyg;wdkYrSm awmifola,musfm;wdkY\ 0D&d,rIvkyfief;pkwdkYESihf vlwdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;wdkYrSm vkyfrIç udkifrI ypönf;Opöm&SmBuHrI twwfynm tvdr®m&SmBuHrIwdkYonf wlMuuke\ f / aumufpyg;rsKd ;aphwyYkd if tjynft h pHk &Syd gukejf im;aomfvnf; awmifola,musfm;\ vkyfief;pkysufuGufu aumufpyg;rsdK;aphwdkYonf aygufa&mufcGifhr&MuukefbJ wdkufxJç usDxJrSm ykyfaqG;jcif;wdkYom a&mufMu&ukeo f uJo h Ykd a&S;ukov kd u f aH [mif;wdyYk if &SMd uygukeaf omfvnf; vlwdkY\ 0D&d,vkyfief; vHk;vHk;r&Sdu xdkukodkvfa[mif;wdkYonf tusdK;ay; cGihfr&bJ udk,fcE¨mxJrSm ikwfwkwfom aeMu&ukef\/ aumufpyg;wdrYk mS BurJ ;kd ç pdu k rf ;kd &Sí d aygufa&mufciG fh &Muygukef aomfvnf; toD;tESH &ihfrmoefckdifjcif;ra&mufrDtMum;ü aemufvkduf aemufxyf rdk;a&ç rdk;ayguf jywfjcif;BuD;jywffcJhjyefaomf ysufqHk;jcif;odkY a&mufMu&jyefouJo h Ykd vlwrYkd mS tvdrm® &ifo h efjcif;odYk ra&mufrt D Mum;ü avmu"r®vdr®mMuol vlynm&Sd &Sifynm&SdwdkYudk rSDwG,fjcif;r&SdbJ rdrd avsmufvsm; pdwfxifwdkif; aejyefjim;u jzpfNyD;aompD;yGm; a&S;uH\

(iii) flaming heat. It is due to the action of this element that all material things when they have reached maturity are reproduced, and make for growth or for maintence.

By the fourth essential quality "Va-yo" we understand either (i) that constant element of mobility, adaptable and pliant, which function as fluctuation (or oscillation in solids, etc; ro (ii) compressed or tense atmosphere; or (iii) atmosphere in motionfor instance air in a pair of bellows and air inhaled and exhaled.

The mobile element (i) constitues the element of force, of resistance in coexistent essential forms; hence all material things through this force and resistiong power carry out their functions.

Furthermore, all these elements, whilist persisting under the stated conditions, increase in magnitude when there is an efficient cause for increase and decrease in magnitude when There is decrease in magnitude when There is on efficient cause for increase and decrease. How may such a cause arise? In the case of solids the cohesive element may obtain fluidity, and the solid substance begin to melt. In the case of water, heat may grow to a flaming fire, while the cohensive element can merely exercise the property of cohension. It is on account of their intensity and magnitude that they are called the "Great Elements" (Maha-bhu-tani). Their intensity and magnitude reach the climax on the ever of the destruetion and disintegration of the world-systems.

Heat in its primal form is the germinator of all material phenomena. And this element or primal form of heat is just utu.

Conversely, as we have said above, utu is the primal form of fire.

Now to return to the "Caloric Order."

The Caloric Order is the fixed process that determines the four-fold succession of evolution, continuance, revolution (i.e, dissolution), and void of the universe. It is the process that determines the ordered succession of the three seasons-winter, summer and rains...It is again the same process that determines the specific season in which trees, creepers, shrubs and grasses bring forth flowers and bear fruit. And all this order has been made and created by no "maker" whatever whether human, celestial, or divine. Inasmuch as it is accomplished entirely by the fixed (ornatural) order that we know as "utu" it is called Utu-niyama, or Caloric Order. ("It is not change but the changing, and the changing is fire:... this order (kosmos) which is the same in all things, no one of Gods or men has made, but it was, is now, and ever shall be an ever living fire kindled and extinguished in due measure. -Heraclitus,) Thus we read in the Pa-litexts: "There comes, Va-set.t.ha, a time, when, sooner or later, after the lapse of a long, long period the world-system passed away . . . In the course of time, Va-set.t.ha, the radiance of those celestial beings vanishes.

Their 'self-radiance' having thus vanished, the moon, sun, planets and stars come into existence: nights, days, months, halfmonths, and the the year with its seasons appear, etc., (D1gha Nikaya iii. 84,86.)

(To be continue)

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vStdpufpuf? aeY-n-&uf/ cspf o m;ok b uk o vwpfzufom;ud?k jypfrmS ;rke;f NiKd ;? rsu½f ;kd ukwu f w k ?f n§Kd ;ykyyf yk Ef iS ?fh pdwf,kwfpfdwfxm;? uif;oltm;um;? vSjim;tqif;? yef;ES,foif;\/ xdkcif;rStjyef? rsufqefapmif;xdk;? rkef;NidK;pdwfxm;? wif;oltm;um;? vSom;uif;rdkuf? ydk;udkufonhfyef;? yHkrwef;odkY? EGrf;w&JU&JU? yefolrJhrnf? qif;oGJUqif;rJh? ESpfzGJUaMumif;/ rS e f p G m &S d p k ? a[mñT e f r I u d k ? om"k - om"k - om"k y gbk & m;/ &S i f a wmf o usjrwf A k ' ¨ 4/tcsdKUa>c&H? aygvGef;jyef\/ &Ha&Goif;yif;? tcsdKUuif;ao;? b,foif;udpö? rwlMuí? nDrQyHkuif;? pkefrqif;udk? &Sif;vif;>ruf[?

EIwfawmfrS../ cspf o m;yD , ok b '´ (u) wpfyg;oludk? vdkrjynhf0? tm;r&í? em;rcHcsd? jiLplrd? uif;bda>couf? aeY-n-&uf/ (c) wpfyg;olYvdk? udk,fuomjznhf? ol&TifbdvQif? cifrifrIyGm;? oltm;xm;? ayg;rsm;a>couf? aeY-n-&uf/ csrf ; omok b uk o vwpfzufoltm;? nnf;wGm;jiLpl? &r®ufjyLaomf? em;ylpdwfEGrf;? olrcsr;f í? vufurf;½kyv f Qi;f ? rdwzf ufuif;vdr?hf xdck if;rSjyef? rxef&r®u?f pGJcsufrwif? rNidKjiifu? b0pdwfvef;? olauscsrf;í? 0rf;jynhfwkefYjyef? udk,hfaemuf&Hrnf? NcHrJhNcHuif;? oif;taMumif;/ rS e f p G m cG e f ; qk ? a[mñT e f r I u d k om"k - om"k - om"k y gbk & m;/ &S i f a wmf o usjrwf A k ' ¨ 5/ tcsdKUpD;yGm;? 'Da&vm;yif? wdk;yGm;vQif\/ tcsdKUpD;yGm; vkyfvsufom;ESihf qkwfoGm;&ufquf? pD;yGm;ysuf\/ b,fhwGufudpö rwl Muí? nDrQyHkuif;? pkefrqif;udk &Sif;vif;>ruf[? EIwfawmfrS.../ cspf o m;yD , ok b '´ (u) wpfzufoltm;? udk,fodkYxm;í? oem;csihfawG;? urf;ay; auR;? raES;yGwuf? aeY-n-&uf/ (c) wpfudk,faumif;pdwf? udk,hfxHtdyfí? csifhodyfrarG;? ray; rurf;? rvSL'gef;? EGrf;yg;a&muf&uf? aeY-n-&uf/ cspf o m;ok b uk o vwpfyg;olu?kd ay;vdu k rf;vd?k &ufa&mydEk iS ?fh vdv k v kd m;vm;? ulnD xm;ol? oem;olum;? olwpfjyefxm;? rdwfvdkufrsm;í? pD;yGm;wdk;wuf? xufbHkquf\/ xdkbufrSaxmuf? oa[mufo[rf;? pdwfMurf;avcdk? wGew Yf Ekd aS jrm? aygaomfvnf;NrKH ? &Sm;vnf;iHjk zih?f vufuek rf yGi?fh r&iht f oD;? ay;auR;enf;aomf? c&D;rqdu k ?f rdwrf vku d í f ? yGm;wku d yf pön;f ? vuf&enf;

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"r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ rnf? yGm;pD;yGm;qkwf? ,kwftaMumif;/ jrwf p G m ur® K a[mñT e f j yKud k om"k - om"k - om"k y gbk & m;/ &S i f a wmf o usjrwf A k ' ¨ 6/ vlrSefaomfnm;? vluzGm;yif? csdKUum;ÓPfa0;? csdKUra0;[k? cGihfa&;ESpfzuf? uGJvGJcsufum;? b,hfwGufudpö? rwlMuí? nDrQyHkuif;? pkefrqif;udk? &Sif;vif;ajzyhg? cGef;awmf[.../ cspf o m;yD , ok b '´ (u) ynm&Siehf ;D ? qnf;uyfr;DS vsu?f jznhq f nf;wkyu f ?G rmefErdS chf s? &rdÓPfpuf? aeY-n-&uf/ (c) olYynm&Sd? rjznhhfusihf0wf? rñGwfrmef0if? ruyfcsif? ÓPfjrifrquf? aeY-n-&uf/ cspf o m;ok b uk o vynm&SdxH? udk,ftyfESHí? NrJNrHvHkYv? rcsowd? xdtodjzihf? rD;xd za,mif;? aysmah ysmif;pdw"f mwf? emcHrw S af omf? wwf&ynm? 0Sew f ufvmS \/ xdkrSwpfvSnhf? ajymif;jyefMunhfavmh? owdryg? uif;uGmZGJoJ? pGJNrJEGH wm? rcHygaomf? ynmrJha0;? aygufyef;aoG;odkY? qif;a&omvS? csrf;rvS jzihf? uif;yynm? EHkY&&Smrnf? ESpfjzma0;eD;? c&D;aMumif;/ rS e f p G m ,ck ? a[mñT e f r I u d k om"k - om"k - om"k y gbk & m;/ &S i f a wmf o usjrwf A k ' ¨ 7/ vlYbHkxJZmwf? a&mufwHkvwfvnf? ,kwfjrwfESpfzdkY? uGJwHkNrdKU \? tcsKd Uum;jrwf? xufxufywf\/ atmuf&yfpyk pf yk ?f atmufoiYkd v YkH su?f Zmwf,kwfqDrSm? csdKUrSmwnfcJh? ESpfvDudpö? rwlMuojzihf? uGJ&yHkcsif;? pkef rqif;udk? &Sif;vif;ajzyhg? cGef;a>c[../ cspf o m;yD , ok b '´ (u) udk,hfudkudk,fajr§muf? olYatmufrcs? iHkYMunhfu? edrfhus atmufbuf? aeY-n-&uf/

(c) udk,fhudkraxmuf? olYatmufESdrfhcs? armhMunhfu? jrif& txuf? aeY-n-&uf/ cspf o m;ok b uk o vigrSigom EdIif;p&m[k ihg[migcif igomjrifvsuf pyf,SOfav&m? armufrmMurf;MuKwf? aumufuspfikyfaMumihf? rsdK;,kwfodkYom? ouf&&SmcJh/ cH0h gpdwx f ,f? tjrifus,v f su?f rzG,&f mEIw?f r[kw&f mazsmuf/ armuf&mudNk zKd ? vd&k mudw k ;kd ? wHwm;xd;k um? csKd usKd ;aomEGm;? uJt h vm;jzih?f wpfyg;olatmuf? ,kwpf w d af rSmufaomf? uJarmufwuf<u? jrihpf w d x f í? jrwf&{uef? &cJhjyefonf? oaE¨,kwfjrwf? ZmwftaMumif;.../ rS e f p G m "r® K csD ; jr§ i h f q k u d k om"k - om"k - om"k y gbk & m;/ cspf o m;ok b uk o vrydkYr,kwf? twdkcsKyfum;? udk,fvkyfonhfuH? udkomjyefí? cH& jypfcsuf? cHusdK;qufaMumihfqdk;csufwif;vif;? oifhtm;jyif;aomf? qdk;jcif;üom? usdK;wnf vmvdrfh? wpfjzmwpfzufaumif;csufjyif;jyif;? oifhtm;uif;vnf;? aumif;jcif;üom usdK;qdkufvmvdrfhuHrSmrlv- uGJMu&udk? "r®pu©K? ÓPfrsuf½Ijzihf? aphikazG&Sm? wGif;od&monf? ESpfjzm ESpfjzm uGJ&mudk../ / rS e f p G m "r® K ? csD ; jr§ i h f r I u d k om"k - om"k - om"k y gbk & m;/ tm&nu"kwif aqmufwnfí? ,cktcg r[mNrdKifawmeuf Bu;D xJü oDwif;oH;k awmfral om aus;Zl;awmf&iS f r[maAm"dNrKd iq f &mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ "r®*Dwdu0d AE¨euxm a'oemrsm;udk tvsOf;oifhovdk azmfjy ay;oGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ "r® 0 D & /

oHC wuúokdvf bke;f awmfBu;D oif q&mjzpfoifwef; avQmufvmT xkw, f El idk f (16.6.2010)? Ak'[ ¨ ;l aeY? 1372 ck? yxr0gqv dk jynha f usmf (5)&ufaeY aemufq;Hk xm;í avQmufxm;Ekid yf gonf/ ynmt&nftcsi;f - yxrBu;D wef;atmif (ok)Yd tenf;qk;H yxrBu;D wef;jzpf&rnf/ odum© ? touf - oufawmf 30? 0gawmf 10 0gxuf rBu;D &/ &[ef;ESihf oDv&Sirf sm;om vufcyH grnf/ (tao;pdwfodvkdygu a&ul;oHCwuúokdvf armfuGef;xdef;Xme zkef; 01-663469 xH ar;jref;pkHprf;Ekdifygonf/)

armf u G e f ; xd e f ; q&mawm f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

OD;aZmfEkdif (Myanmar Credent- technology Co.) ao;ay/

,aeYumvonf odyÜHESifh enf;ynm wd\ Yk tHrh cef;atmifjrifrrI sm;u vTr;f rk;d csKyu f idk f xm;vsuf&Sd\/ vurÇmay:okdYvnf; vlom;wdkY ,aeY ajccsEkdifcJhMuNyD? tmumo,mOfrsm; xJ w G i f v nf ; vaygif ; rsm;pG m aeEk d i f M uNyD / urÇ m ajrrS a0;uG m vS p G m aom N*Kd [ f r sm;?

Mu,frsm;ukdvnf; pl;prf;axmufvSrf;vsuf&SdMu NyD/ þtHhrcef;atmifjrifrItm;vkH;onf odyÜHESifh enf;ynmwdk;wufrI\ pGrf;tm;aMumihfyifjzpf onf/ Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmftcsKdUESihf Ak'¨ bmom0ifvyl *k K¾ v d t f csKUd wdu Yk ]]Ak'b ¨ momonf odyÜHenf;us bmomwpfckjzpfaMumif; oufao xl&ef BuKd;pm;aeMuonf/ Ak'¨bmomESihf ,aeYodyÜHynmwdkYwGif wlnDrIrsm;? ukdufnDrsm;&Sdaeonfum; rSefyg\/ od k Y a omf xk d w l n D r I r sm;onf tumrsm;om jzpf M u\/ Ak ' ¨ b mom\ twG i f ; om;tqD tESpfukdum; ,aeYodyÜHynmu rxkd;azmufEkdif

xkw d n l rD ?I uku d n f rD t I csKUd ukd tusO;f rQ pOf;pm;okH;oyfMunhfMuygpkdY/ c&pf E S p f 4 &mpk c ef Y u xif a y: ausmfMum;cJhaom r[m,mebkef;BuD;wpfyg; jzpfonfh t&Sifto*F (Asauga) u þokdY qkdcJh ygonf/ ]]t&m0w¦KwdkYukd zGJUpnf;xm;aom tao;i,fqkH;aom trIef (y&rmPkjrL)ü ½kyf? j'yf[í l r&S/d wpfen;ftm;jzihf taumiftxnf? tpkdiftcJ (edó&d,)r&Sd/ tjrifhrm;qkH;aom xkd;xGif;odjrifrIÓPf (Ak'¨d)jzifhom odtyfaom t&mjzpf\/}} c&pf o uú & mZf 4 &mpk c ef Y u Ak ' ¨ bmom bkef;awmfBuD;wpfyg;\ a&;om;csuf rsm;onf ,aeYacwf ½lyaA'ynm&yfrS &SmazG awGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESifh xyfwleD;yg; wlnDaeonfrSm tHhMozG,faumif;vS\/ xkdbkef;awmfBuD;onf ½lyaA'ynm&Siv f nf;r[kw?f ½lyodyb HÜ mom&yf ukd pdwf0ifpm;olvnf; r[kwfay/ t&m0w¦K wdkY\ trSefw&m;ukd trSeftwkdif;odol (,xm blw)H ? wpfenf;tm;jzihf avmukw&å m ynm&Sif wpfOD;omjzpfonf/ olonf xkdzGifhqkdcsufukd rnfuo hJ Ydk zGiq hf adk &;om;Ekid pf rG ;f cJo h enf;/ wDxiG f jyKvkyfxm;aom ud&d,mwefqmyvmwkdYjzihf &SmazGawGU&SdcJhjcif;r[kwf/ oltokH;jyKcJhonfh ud&d,mrSm w&m;tm;xkwfrI (bm0em) jzihf wjznf;jznf;jcif; wkd;wuf&tyfaom jzLpif xifvif;onhf xkd;xGif;odjrifrIÓPfyifjzpf onf/ ae&m (tmumo) ES i h f tcsd e f (umv)

taMumif;ukd Ak'¨bmom½IaxmihfrS atmufyg twkdif; azmfjyxm;onf/ ]]tcsdef (umv) [lonf taMumif; tusKd; jzpfpOft& &yfem;jcif;r&SdbJ w&pyf jzpfrItwGuf owfrSwfcsufwpfck? trnfwpfck (ynwf ) rQomjzpf \ / (a[wk z vy&mA'¨ y&wf&wd) taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOft& &yfem; jcif;r&SdbJ w&pyfjzpfrIw&m;wdkY wnf&Sd&mudk ae&m (tmumo) [kac:onf/ taMumif ; tusKd ; jzpf p Of w &m;wd k Y wnf & S d & m tmumowoD ; wjcm;jzpf a om tcsed u f mv[lonfr&S/d ¤if;wdo Yk nf tcsi;f csi;f qufpyfaeMu\/ qufoG,f aeMu\/ cGJjcm;í r&Ekid /f tcsed u f mv[lonf oD;jcm;&yfwnfjcif; r&Sd[k qkdvkdonf/ tkdif;pwkdif;\ &Dav;wpfAwDoDtkd&D (EINSTEINS THEORY OF RELATIVITY)

xuf ESpfaygif; 1600 cefY apmí xkdpmykd'fukd zGihfqkda&;om;cJh\/ 19 &mpk aESmif;ESihf 20 &mpktapmydkif; odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;yif oabm aygufem;vnf&efcufcv J aS om ]&Dav;wpfAwD} oD t k d & D w G i f tk d i f ; pwk d i f ; u ]tcsd e f [ l o nf oD;jcm;wnf&Sdaom t&Sdw&m; r[kwf? tcsdef ESihfae&mwdkYonf tcsif;csif; qufoG,fvsuf &SdMu\/ qufpyfvsuf&SdMu\}} [k tcdkiftrm qk d c J h \ / &D a v;wpf A wD o D t k d & D t & tcsd e f (umv) taMumif ; ajymvd k v Qif ae&m (tmumo)ESihf uif;ír&/ xkdYtwlyif ae&m taMumif;ajymvdkvQif tcsdefumvESihf uif;í r&yg/ tcsdefumv[lonf oD;jcm;rwnf&Sd EkdifaMumif; zGihfqkd&Sif;jychJygonf/ (Space and Time) Ak'¨a'oemawmfürl þrQESihfr&yf? t&S i f t o*F a &;cJ h o nf h ]]tbd " r® ork a pä , s}} usrf ; pmü tcsd e f E S i h f a e&mwd k Y aemufxyfzGihfqkdxm;ao;\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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]]aMumif;usK;d jzpfpOfrS uif;vGwaf om bmoma&;trS e f w &m; (0g) avmuk w å & m onf vlom;\ twGif;o½kyftrSef? tZÑwå f 0rodjrifEidk af o;ay/ vlom; tcsdefESihfae&mwkdY\ twkdif;twmrsm;rS ty opö m twG u f od y Ü H y nmonf ta&;rBuD ; / oEÅmefudk tjynht odyyHÜ nmESifh bmomw&m;wkt Yd wGi;f \ywf 0 ef ; usif ? urÇ m \½k y f 0 w¦ K ypö n f ; rsm; jzpf a om tajctae (tumvd u umv 0drkwåd) wpf&yfonf&Sd\/ xkdt&monfum; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m pdwfwuf<uzG,f&m wlnD taMumif;ukdomod\/ bmomw&m; (txl ; ojzih f Ak ' ¨ ½lyodyÜHynm&yfe,fy,f\ tjyifbufü&Sdonhf aom tod t jrif r sm;&S d a omf v nf ; wl n D r I ? d n f rD rI sm;onf ppfreS af om bmomw&m;ukdk bmom) onf vl o m;wd k Y \ o½k y f r S e f u k d tqk H ; pG e f a om? tjrwf q k H ; aom? t<uif ; rJ h uku xJxJ0if0if pl;prf;avhvm\/ ukd,fusihfw&m;? rcsOf;uyfEkdifao;yg/ trSefw&m; ]edAÁmef} jzpf\/}} bmomw&m;wdkif;u ]]arwåmw&m; pdwfxm;? twGif;oEÅmefrSonf xkd;xGif;odjrifrI uG r f w rf ruú i f ; epf (Quantium Mechanics) (txl ; yif ao;i,f v S a om onf jrifhjrwf\? txufwef;wGif a'goukd ÓPfwkdifatmif bmomw&m;u pdppfokH;oyf tPkjrLtufwrfEiS fh tufwrfxufyifao;i,f y,fí tzkd;xkdufwefaom arwåmw&m;ukd \/ bmomw&m;wkdYonf b0c&D; (wpfqifh aom trIefwdkY\ wnfaqmufykHESihf a&GUvsm; xm;&m\}} [koGefoifñTefjyMu\/ pdwfykdif; wufíqkd&aomf oHo&mc&D;) avQmufvSrf; vIyf&Sm;ykHqkdif&m) oabmw&m;rsm; ay:xGef; qk d i f & m þtrS e f w &m; (0g) bmomw&m; zkdY&m vrf;jyjzpf\/ bmomw&m;\ tqkH; d u f siw fh &m;udyk if trukd vkdufemí usihfBuHBuKd;pm;Mu&m\/ vmonfESihf pMu0VmBuD;tay: pufud&d,m tm;vk;H u vufcaH om þuk, vlom;\ukd,fusihfoDvESihf pm&dwå toGif xifjrif,lqcJhMurIrsm;ukd pGefYvTwfcJhMu odyÜHynm&SifwdkY\ tb,f "gwfcGJcef;wGifrQ w&m;wd k Y wkd;wufaumif;rGefatmif rnfokdY ouf a orjyEk d i f a cs? uk d , f u sih f o D v wef z k d ; uk d onf/ rMumao;aomumvü xGufay:vm aexkid jf yKr&l rnf (oDv)udv k nf;aumif;? pdwu f dk onhf odyÜHtjrift& urÇmBuD;ukd woD;wjcm;pD tzkd;jzwfEkdifpGrf;r&Sdao;yg/ cE¨m"mwkaA'"gwfcGJcef;rsm;ESihf ZD0 pnf;urf;wus jrifrh m;wk;d wufwnfMunfatmif jzpfaom t&m0w¦Krsm; aygif;pyfyg0ifzGJUpnf; d nf;aumif;? xm;onfh ,EÅ&m;BuD;toGif jrifvmMu\/ ur®aA'pl;prf;avhvmrIrsm;t& ½kyfjzpfpOf rnfoaYdk vhusi&fh rnf (orm"d) ukv ykdíwdusvmaom tjrifopft&rl tpdwfpdwf ajymif;vJrIrsm;ukd avhvmjcif;tm;jzihf a'go ÓPf y nmwnf ; [l a om razmuf j yef a om trTmrTmaom tydik ;f tpav;rsm;wpfcEk iS w fh pfck onf qkd;usKd;ukdomay;wwfaMumif;? arwåm trSefw&m;ukd odjrifrI? tvif;a&mif&&Sdatmif trSDjyKqufoG,fvsuf&Sdaom uGef,ufozG,f pdwfonf aumif;usKd;ukdomay;wwfaMumif; rnfokdY usihfBuH&rnf (ynm)ukdvnf;aumif;? awG U &S d v uf c H v mMu\/ ok d Y a omf xk d p l ; prf ; bmomw&m;u oifMum;ay;\/ raumif;rIrS okH;oyfvmMu\/ Ykd dk avhusijfh yKvyk &f ef? avhvmrIrsm;onf ]a'go? arwåm} ponfwkdY\ a&SmifMuOf&ef? aumif;rIwu Ak ' ¨ b momtwG u f topf t qef ; r[k w f pd w f u k d jzLpif a tmif x m;&ef oifMum;ay;\/ pd w f y k d i f ; qk d i f & mtm½k H ? tod t jrif w k d Y u k d r l uREkfyfxyfrHtxl;jyK&vQif xkdokH;oyf Ak'¨bmomwGif okw? ynmwkdYukd oifMum; csuf (okdYr[kwf) odyÜHurÇmrS aemufqkH;ay: ay;EkdifpGrf; r&Sdao;yg/ arwå m ES i f h a'gowk d Y a Mumih f rd r d avhvmrI (y&d,wåd)rQomru usihfBuHBuKd;pm; todtjrifonf Ak'¨bmomtwGuf topf tqef;r[kw/f vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif; 2500 cefY ukd,fwdkifcHpm;&aom tusKd;ESihftjypfrsm; ? tm;xkwfrI (y#dywåd)ESihf trSefw&m;udk odjrif uyif Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf ]]y#dpöorkyÜm'f}} a'oem rd r d \ rd o m;pk a qG r sKd ; ? rd w f o *F [ ? vl r I oabmaygufrI (y#da0")wdkYvnf; yg0if\/ awmf (aMumif;usK;d qufw&m;awmf) ukd &Si;f vif; tzGJUtpnf;tay: tusKd;oufa&mufrIrsm; xkdw&m;okH;yg;onf Ak'¨omoemtaqmuftkH jywf o m;wd u spG m a[mMum;awmf r l c J h N yD ; ponf h oif M um;csuf r sm;uk d bmomw&m; BuD; &yfwnfzkdY&m r@Kdif (0g) a'gufwkdifrsm;yif uom oif M um;ay;Ek d i f \ / bmomw&m; jzpfonf/ avNyD/ ½kyf0w¦Kqkdif&m odyÜHynmonf tod xk d a 'oemt& uREk f y f w k d Y \ b0 tm;jzih f o m arwå m w&m;uk d wef z k d ; xm;? tjrif q k d i f&m tusihfodu©mwdkY ryg0ifonfh tygt0if jzpfysuw f nf&rdS t I m;vk;H onf tcsi;f av;pm;? cH , l u sih f o k H ; í a'gow&m;uk d csif;qufpyfaeMuaom uGef,ufozG,fom y,f&Sm;EkdifMu\/ þonf wkdYukd odyÜHynmu twGuf odjrifrIÓPfynmonf odyÜHynm\ ydkifqkdifcGihfe,fy,frS uif;vGwfvsuf&Sd\/ jzpfavonf/ t&m0w¦Kwpfckjzpfay:NyD;aemuf vufvrS ;f rrDEidk af wmhyg/ od yÜHynmonf½kyfypönf;wkd;wufrItwGufom ]]bmomw&m;wkdYrSay;aom? trSef ysufpD;oGm;jcif;taMumif;onf aemuft&m odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;\ BuKd;pm;tm;xkwf Yk nf odyyHÜ nmrS vufvrS ;f rrDEidk Mf uyg/ 0w¦Kwpfck jzpfay:NyD; ysufpD;jcif;tusKd;ukd w&m;wdo rI a Mumif h vl r I b 0onf ½k y f 0 w¦ K ypö n f ; rsm; od y Ü H y nm\ tod t j r if ? t,l t q jzpfaponf/ aMumif;usKd;jzpfpOfrQom jzpfav wk d Y o nf tNrJ a jymif ; vJ v suf & S d \ / od k Y a omf wk;d wufcNhJ y/D {&mrpGr;f aqmifrBI u;D rsm; ajrmuf onf/ pMu0VmBuD;wpfckvkH;wGif ouf&Sd bmoma&;todtjrifwdkYum; rajymif;rvJ jrm;pGm&SdcJhNyD/ vlrIb0twGuf (0g) uREkfyfwkdY twGuf ta&;ygvSaom tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; &&Sd owå0gjzpfap? oufrJhypönf;jzpfap? rnfonhf cdkifNrJpGm&yfwnfcsuf&SdMu\/ f o Ydk nf odyyHÜ nm&Siw f t Ykd m; av;pm; odyÜHynmESifh bmomw&m;wkdYonf cJNh y/D uREyfk w wpfa,muf? wpfaumif? wpfckrQ oD;jcm;vGwf f yS gonf/ odaYk omf jrwfpmG vyfpGm jzpfwnfonf[k r&Sd/ trIefuav; jcm;em;Mu\/ &nf&G,fcsufjcif;vnf; rwlMu oih?f aus;Zl;wifoihv wpfckrQyif olYwpfrIefwnf; oD;oefY&yfwnfae ay/ jyKrlaqmif&GufykHjcif;vnf; uGJjym;Mu\/ Ak'¨ESihf a,½Ic&pftygt0if bmoma&;acgif; onf[í l r&S/d uREyfk w f b Ykd 0tygt0if ½ky0f w¦K? od y Ü H y nmonf ½k y f a vmuuk d avh v m\/ aqmifrsm; ñTefjyoifMum;cJhaom vlrIp½dkuf emrf0w¦Ktm;vkH;onf tcsif;csif;qufoG,frSDckd ½kyfavmuukd cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmpdppfokH;oyf\/ vu©Pmtusihfodu©m (Humanity) onf ykdí vsuf&SdMu\/ taMumif;tusKd;qufpyfvsuf ½kyfavmuukdom pdwf0ifpm;\/ odyÜHynmü ta&;yg jrifhjrwfyg\/ cHpm;odjrifwwfaom ESvkH;om;r&Sd/ odyÜHynm om&SdMu\/ pmrsuf E S m 34 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

usrf;*efrsm;uajymaom wapäA[kokw(1) t&Si0f pd w d må vuFm& (a&Tpek ;f acsmif;)

tpd r f ; o&J ? wapä a jrzk w f b D v l ; ? Muwf r sm; taMumif ; nDrav; cifjynhfjynhfNzdK;? 'DaeYacwf txd oH C mawmf t &S i f j rwf r sm; &G w f z wf o&ZÑm,fawmfrlMuwJh yAÁmZed, ur®0gpmqdk wmxJrSm ]vlwdkYudk 'ku©ay;wwfaom tpdrf; o&J? oif;uGJNydwåm? vludkzrf;pm;wwfaom wapä} qdkwJh pmydk'fuav;yg&Sdwmudk awGU&r,f 'gawG[m tyg,fbo kH m;awGaygY? tyg,fqw kd m ]csrf;omuif;bd? qif;&Jtwd cHpm;&&m Xme} vkdY t"dyÜg,f&w,f/ tHhMop&myJaemf/ t&if b0u raumif;cJhvdkY tyg,fusaewmawmifrS vlawGudk 'ku©ay;csifao;wmudk;/ tpdrf;o&J oif;uGJNydwåm? ajrzkwfMuwfo&JawGudk ygVdvdk emembm0 0d e mbm0 owå 0 gawG v d k Y ac:w,f / ]txl ; txl ; aomb0 rsm;jym; jcm;em;wJ h b0ud k zef q if ; jyEk d i f o l r sm;} qdkwJh t"dyÜg,faygY/ wpfcsKdU vnf; emembm0 0dembm0qkw d m aouGu J JG wmeJY &Siu f JG uGw J mvdYk

qdMk ujyefw,f/ tJ'D owå0gawGu Bu;D &muae i,foGm;atmif? i,f&muae BuD;vmatmif rJ a e&muae jzLoG m ;atmif jzL&muae rJomG ;atmif? aysmuf ae&muae jrifvmatmif jrif&muae aysmufoGm;atmif zefqif;jyEkdif owJ/h aemufNy;D acG;a,mif aMumifa,mifvnf; aqmifEidk w f ,f/ xef;yifo@ef? tdro f @efawG vnf ; vk y f j yEk d i f w ,f / vl a ,mif v nf ; zefqif;Ekdifao;owJh uG,f/ olwdkYudk vlawG ac:a0:oHk;pGJMuwmu 1/ tpdrf;o&J 2/ wapärSifpm 3/ obuf 4/ zkwf 5/ Muwf tp&SdojzihfaygY nDrav;&,f/ tJ'D tpd r f ; o&J emembm0 0d e mbm0awG [ m wpfrsKd;eJY wpfrsKd; rwlMubl;wJh/ rdrdwdkY pm;& aomuf&zkt Yd a&; vlwpfO;D wpfa,mufukd yl;uyf NyD; ae&wmrsKd;&Sdovdk? teHYcH½Hkav;eJY tm[m&

jynhf0wJh emembm0 0dembm0rsKd;vnf;&Sdw,f/ csufjyKwfaMumfavSmfNyD;om; tpm;taomuf awGudk BudKufwJh emembm0awG &Sdovdk tpdrf; vdkufpm;&rS auseyfwJh o&JobufawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ 'Dacwf bD,mqdkif t&ufqdkifawGrSm ykpGefxkyf tom;pdrf;udk tcsOf&nfeJY wdkYpm;NyD; t&ufeJY jrnf;wmwdkY? awGUzl;rSmaygY nDrav;/ vlpifppfjzpfygvsuf u,feJY tpdrf;pm;o&J b0a&muf r S e f ; rod a&muf a eMuol a wG a ygY nDrav;&,f/ b,f a vmuf a umif ; wJ h tpm; taomufrsKd;yJ jzpfjzpf rsKdcsNyD;vdkY 0rf;AdkufxJ a&mufoGm;wJhtcg bmrSom,mzG,fESpfouf zG,f r&Sdawmhygbl;/ r,Hk&if yef;uefjym;xJ jyeftx H nhNf y;D wpfa,mufa,mufukd auR;Munhf ygvm;? ]pm;yg&Sif cspfvdkYauR;wmyg/ wpfodef; wef acgufqGJaMumfyg} vkdYajymNyD; auR;av/ b,folpm;rvJ/ nDrav;a&m jyefpm;rvm;/ 'D a wmh nD r av;&,f bmr[k w f w J h tpm; taomuf wpfct k wGuef YJ oHo&mtqufquf EGeH pfapEkid w f hJ tukov kd w f &m;udk jyKoiho f vm;? rjyKoihfbl;vm;? pOf;pm;Munhfyg/ xm;ygawmh/ qufMuOD;pdkY emembm0 0dembm0 awGtaMumif;/ olwYkd aexdik rf I tqiht f wef;u vnf; trsKd;rsKd;yJav/ opfyifawG csHKzkwfawG ay:rSm ae&wJh emembm00dembm0awG&Sdovdk Z&yftdk Z&yfysuf? ausmif;tkd ausmif;ysufawG rS m ae&ol a wG v nf ; &S d w ,f / wpf c sKd U vnf ; okomefrSmaeMuw,f/ wpfcsKdUvnf; vlawGem; rSm/ wpfcsKUd vnf; awm? awmif? acsmufurf;yg; rSmaeMuowJ/h wpfcsKUd vnf; ud, k yf ikd b f AkH rd mefeYJ bmeJYaeMuqdkyJ/ aemufNyD;awmh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg; tay:rSm xm;&SdwJh olwdkY &JU oabmxm;awGuvnf; tcsif;csif; rwlnD Mubl; nDrav;/ wpfcsKdUaom oif;uGJNydwåm? wapä o&JawGu bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmtoHqdk&if

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ rMum;Ekdif rMum;csif rMum;0HhwJh trsKd;awG/ wpfcsKdUaom oif;uGJNydwåm wapä o&JawGusawmh bk&m;oH w&m;oH oHCm toH q d k w mawG u d k Mum;emcsif a omf v nf ; Mum;emcGihfr&Mubl;wJh/ aMomf....o'¨r®ó 0eH twd'kv’bH qdkwJhtwdkif;yJ? olawmfaumif; w&m;oHqdkwm Mum;emcGihf&cJbdjci;f? emMum; &aomfvnf; BudKufESpfoufcJbdjcif;? omoem awmf v nf ; txif t &S m ;&S d c d k u f aumif ; pG m emMum;EkdifwJh vlYb0udkvnf; &aecdkufav;rSm ol a wmf a umif ; w&m;rsm;rsm; emMum;yg nDrav;/ emud k ; ? awmif ; -&S p f ? om"k - wpf ? a[mvpf toacsF q k d w J h w&m;em&usKd ; jyvuFmav;&Sw d ,fr[kwv f m;/ w&m;emwJh vl udk;urÇmtyg,frvm;bl;/ w&m;awmif;wJhvl &SpfurÇmtyg,frvm;bl;/ w&m;oHMum;vdkY om"kac:wJh vl wpfurÇmtyg,frvm;bl;? w&m;a[mwJ h v l u sawmh urÇ m toacsF tyg,frvm;bl;wJh/ tyg'gefusrf;vm pum; &Sdw,f/ nDrav; emMum;zl;wJh w&m;awGxJu rS w f r d o avmuf taMumif ; t&mwpf c sKd U ud k pum;pyfrdwdkif; azmufonfcsaygY/ 'gvnf; w&m;a[mwmygyJav/ b,folYudkrS ajymjyzdkY tcGihfta&;ray;bl;qdk&ifawmh udk,femzl;wJh w&m;av;awG udk,fhbmomudk,f wpdrfhpdrfh jyefvnfEv S ;kH oGi;f aeaygY/ b,favmuf Nird ;f csr;f avrvJ / t&omwum t&omawG x J r S m w&m;t&omu tjrwf q H k ; tomqH k ; r[kwfvm;/ pdwfcsrf;omaMumif; enf;vrf; aumif;wpfckygyJ/ aemufxyf oif;uGJNydwåm wapä o&J wpfrsKd;uawmh bk&m;oH w&m;oHeJY BuHKvnf; BuHKw,f/ w&m;oHudk BudKufvnf;BudKufw,f/ emMum;cGihf&wJh tjyif om"kyg ac:EkdifvdkYrdkY tqihfjrifhwefcdk;BuD; b0rsKd;&&Sdao;owJh/ wapäbmaMumifh ajcmuf&w,f 'gvnf; pdwf0ifpm;p&mygyJ/ wapä ajcmufw,fqw kd m ud, k x f ifjy? nnf;nLoHay;? teHaY y;? yl;uyfajymqdw k mrsK;d awGaygY/ taMumif; rJh ajcmufwmvSefYwmrsKd;awmh r[kwfygbl;/ wapäajcmuf&wJhtaMumif;w&m;awG&Sdygw,f/ 1/ tajcmufcH&wJholu uHedrfhaevdkYrdkY wapäu ajcmufw,f/ 2/ aemufajymifusDp,fvdkwJhtwGuf wapäu ajcmufw,f/ 3/ cspfcifvdkYajcmufw,f/ 4/ trQtwef;ay;a0rIudk vdkcsifwJhtwGuf

wapäuajcmufw,f/ 5/ tpm;taomufvdkcsifvdkY wapäuajcmuf w,f/ 6/ Opömay;vdkwJhtwGuf wapäuajcmufw,f/ 7/ pum;awGrSmxm;csifwJhtwGuf wapäu ajcmufw,f/ 8/ EIwfqufvkdwJhtwGuf ajcmufw,f/ 9/ om;r,m;awGukd pGv J ef;cifrifaevdYk ajcmuf w,f/ 10/ bk&m;oH w&m;oH &Gwfzwfwmudk Mum;vdkY rdkY &Gwfzwfaewm &yfoGm;atmifvnf; ajcmuf wwfw,f/ 'gawG[m wapäbmaMumihfajcmuf& w,fqdkwJh ar;cGef;&JU tajzygyJ/ wu,fawmh wapäo&Joif;uGNJ yw d må qdw k mawGu vltrsm;udk wrifaMumufvefYygapawmh&,fvdkY ajcmufMu wmr[kwfygbl;/ olwdkYqE´ vlawGodatmif &ifzGihfcsifvdkYrdkY 'grSr[kwf tulnDawmif;csifvdkY rdkY udk,fxifjyMuwmyg/ tukodkvfaMumifh qdk;&Gm;? ,kwfnHh vSwJholwdkY ½kyfoGifu aMumufp&maumif;wm av/ ½kwfw&wfqdkawmh vlawGuvnf; vefY wmaygY/ udk,fxifjywm jrifzl;olawGuawmh OD ; acgif ; yk w f a vmuf B uD ; ? rsuf v H k ; awG u vif;uGif;avmuf&Sdw,f/ udk,fcE¨mu xef;yif avmufjrihfw,f/ vQmu wpfawmifavmuf BuD; tjyifbufxGufusvdkY? tarT;awGuvnf; pk w f w d p k w f z G m / tJ o vd k B uD ; qd k M uwmaygY nDrav;&,f/ teH Y a y;jcif ; teHYay;w,fqdkwJh ae&mrSmvnf; tykyfeHYay;wmeJY arT;&eHYay;wmqdkNyD; (2)rsKd;&Sd jyefw,f/ tyky&f eHaY y;wmu tulnaD wmif;csif vd k Y ? tarT ; &eH Y a y;wmuawmh cG J c G m cgeD ; rk d Y vmEIwq f ufwm/ tykyef u YH tukov kd u f aH Mumihf jzpfwmrdkY vlawGu BuHzefaMumufMuwmav/ arT;&eHYuawmh ukodkvfaMumihfjzpfwm r[kwf vm;/ aus;Zl;wifygw,fqdkwJh oabmaygY/

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yl ; uyf w ,f q d k w m yl;w,fuyfw,fqdkwJh a0g[m&u awmh jrefrmawG em;,Ofaewm MumygNy/D pke;f yl; w,f? ewfyl;w,f? wapäyl;w,f? o&Jyl;w,f pojzih f a ygY / t½k P f w uf v if ; tm;BuD ; csd e f ? rGe;f wnhcf sed ?f ae0if&w D a&m tcsed af wGeYJ EGm;½dik ;f oGif;csdef? oef;acgif,H tcsdefawGrSm 0ifa&muf yl;uyfwwfygw,f/ zk w f 0 if j cif ; emwm&Snfa&m*gonfawG&JU udk,f cE¨meJY ½kwfw&wftpdrf;aoolawG&JU udk,fcE¨m rsm;rSm wapäo&J 0ifa&mufy;l uyfwmudk zkw0f if w,fvdkYajymwmyJ/ zkwfaumifu vla&SU ola&SU qdk wpfu,fhudk tNidrf/ ntcg vlajcwdwfrS tyDtjyif vIy&f mS ;wm/ xrif;td;k acsmif [if;td;k acsmif0ifNyD; csufjyKwfxm;wmawGudk cdk;pm; w,f/ tpm;BuD;NyD; tom;ig;rsm;udk rufarm wwfowJhav/ zk w f x k w f e nf ; zk w f w apä y l ; uyf 0 if a &muf a eNyD q d k wmeJY jrefrmawGvkyfavh&Sdwmu zkwf0ifolawG tdy&f matmufrmS MoZm&Guaf wG cif;ay;wmwd?Yk bk&m;t*FawawG cif;ay;xm;wmwd?Yk acgif;tH;k atmufudk zdeyfpkwfxdk;xnhfay;wmwdkY? vufzGJU csnfay;wmeJY y&dwfur®0g &GwfzwfNyD; ESifxkwf wmwdyYk gyJ/ nDrav;a&...

'Davmufqdk nnf;twGuf wapä A[kokwawG pkrdaqmif;rd&Sdavmufa&maygY aemf/ zkwf Nyw d må wapäo&Jb0awG b,fawmhrS ra&muf&avatmif...

1/ raumif;rIa&Smif/ 2/ aumif;rIaqmif/ 3/ jzLatmifpdwfudkxm;yg cifjynhfjynhfNzdK;a&. .../ usr;f ud;k / / wuúov kd o f Qio f &D ?d zkwNf yw d må rsm;ESifh ur®0gpmtpGr;f /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

ax&0g'½IaxmifhrS b0ul;ajymif;ykH ous0o H

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owå 0 grS e f o rQ1/ tm,k u © , r&P = toufwrf;ukefaom aMumihf ao&jcif;? þao jcif ; onf rD ; pmuk e f í rD;Nird ;f onfEiS w fh \ l / ur® u © , r&P= 2/ uH u k e f r I a Mumih f a ojcif ; ? qDuek í f rD;Nird ;f onfEiS w fh \ l / 75 ESpfoufwrf;wGif uH tpGr;f u (50)rQomygvmí (50)t&G,fwGif ao&jcif; rsKd;/ 3/ Ob,u© , r&P= touf w rf ; uH p G r f ; ES p f r sKd ; pvk;H ukejf cif;aMumihaf o&jcif;/ rD;pm ESiq fh D wpfNyKid ef ufwnf;ukeí f rD;Nird ;f onhEf iS fh wl\/ 75 ESpfoufwrf;ü 75 ESpfjynhfatmif ae&NyD; aojcif;rsKd;/ 4/ Oyapä'ur&P= uyfí owfjzwfwwf onhf uHaMumihf ao&jcif;? rD;pmESihfqD &Sdao; aomfvnf; avjyif;wdu k í f vnf;aumif;? wrif Nidrf;owfrIESifhvnf;aumif;wl\/ um;wkduf? a&epf ? towf c H & ponf j zih f vwf w avm taoqk d ; ES i f h a o&jcif ; rsKd ; [l í aojcif ; taMumif;w&m;av;rsKd;&Sdonf/ owå0grSeforQaojcif; (4)rsKd;xJwGif wpfrsK;d rsK;d ESifh aoMu&rnfjzpf&m raorD aocg eD;umv em&D0ufwpfem&DcefYtvkdrSpí tm½kH rsm;xifvmMupNrJyif/ rdrdwdkYaumif;aomb0 a&mufrnf? raumif;aomb0okdYa&mufrnfukd aocgeD;xifvmonhf xkt d m½keH rd w d rf sm;u tqk;H tjzwfay;Muonf/ xk d t m½k H w d k Y o nf 1/ uH t m½k H ?

2/ ur®edrdwftm½kHESihf 3/ *wdedrdwftm½kH[lí (3)rsKd ; &S d M uonf / raorD a&S ; ujyKcJ h o nh f

ukodkvf? tukokdvfapwemukdyif uH[kqkd &onf/ xkduHukdjyKpOfu awGUBuKHcJh okH;pGJcJhonfh t&m0w¦ K rsm;uk d ]]ur® e d r d w f } } [k q d k & \/ aoNyD;aemuf a&muf&rnfhb0wGif awGUBuKH ok H ; pG J & rnh f t&m0w¦ K rsm;uk d ]]*wd e d r d w f } } [kac:onf/ uHedrdwf tm½kHxifykH aocgeD;umvü raorD,ckb0wGif jyKvkyfcJhonfh uHaomfvnf;aumif;? ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm urÇmaygif;rsm;pGmu jyKvkyfcJhonfh uH aomfvnf;aumif;? uHwpfrsK;d rsK;d onf tusK;d ay; zkdY&ef uHtrsm;xHrS a&SU½Ií xifay:vmwwf onf/ xko d t Ydk m½kx H if&mü 'ge? oDv ponhf aumif;rIjzpfvQif xkdtrIudkjyefí trSwf&vm onf/ ,ckyif vSLae&ovkd Oykofapmihfae& ovdk pdwfxJwGifxifvmonf/ tukokdvfuH jzpfvQifvnf; ,ckyifowfae&ovdk ,ckyif ckd;ae&ovkd? ,ckyif olwpfyg;om;r,m;ukd ypfrmS ;ae&ovkd pdwx f w J iG f xifvmwwfonf/ þonfrSm uHedrdwftm½kHyifjzpfonf/ ur® e d r d w f t m½k H x if y k H tukodkvfuHjzpfvQif rdrdowfjzwfcJh aom yk*K¾ v d o f wå0gtm½k?H owfjzwfpOfu tok;H jyKcJhonhf wkwf? "m;? aoewf tp&Sdonhf vufeufwpfrsKd;rsKd; xifvmwwfonf/ ukodkvfuHjzpfvQifvnf; ausmif;uef bk&m;wnfaqmufonhftm½kH? qGrf;ouFef; vSL'gef;aeonhftm½kH? bk&m;wGifuyfvSLcJhonhf qGrf;? a&csrf;? yef;? qDrD;? tm½kHrsm;0ifvmwwf onf/ tukokdvfuHtusKd;ay;í i&Jusrnfh oljzpfygu i&JbkH? i&Jtkd;? i&JrD;ESifh i&Jxdef;? i&JacG; ponhftm½kHrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? Nydwåm jzpfrnfqkdygu awm? awmif? ocsØKif; tp&Sd onfh tm½krH sm;aomfvnf;aumif;? xifvmwwf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ onf/ þonfrSm *wdedrdwfxifykHyifjzpfonf/ tqkdyg tm½kH(3)rsKd;xJrS wpfrsKd;rsKd; xif v monh f t cg xd k x if v monh f t m½k H u k d um,uH&SifuvGJí rnfolrQrawGUMu&ay/ ab;yk*¾Kdvfrsm;onf xkdum,uH&Sif\ rsufESm &Tijf yjcif;? r&Tijf yjcif;? Munfvifjcif;? rMunfvif jcif;uko d mMunhí f b0ul;aumif;rnf? raumif; rnfudk rSe;f qíomodEidk Mf uonf/ wpfcsKUd onf aumif;rIukokdvfwdkYukd tm½kHjyKEkdifMuí Munf MunfvifvifEiS hf b0ajymif;oGm;Mu&aomfvnf; wpfcsKdUonf atmf[pfnnf;nLí b0ajymif; Mu&avonf/ touf v d y f j ym0d n mOf t,l t q ok H ; oyf csuf þü b0ul;ajymif;ykHukd rwifjyrD Mum;jzwfí Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwYdk ajymqkad eMuonhf toufvdyfjym0dnmOft,ltqukd ax&0g' ½IaxmifhrS aqG;aEG;wifjyygOD;rnf/ jrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;awmfrcl o hJ nhf ax&0g' yd#uwfawmf rsm;ü toufaumif? vdyfjymaumif? 0dnmOf aumif[o l nft h ,ltqukd rnfonhaf e&mwGif rS azmfjyrxm;acs/ jrwfAk'¨onf xkdt,l0g' tm; vGefcJhonhf ESpfaygif;ESpfaxmifhig;&mausmf cefYuyif acszsufwGef;vSefcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ Ak ' ¨ E S i h f a x&0g'u vuf r cH a omf vnf; ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ ESvkH;om; xJwGifrl xkdvdyfjym0dnmOftouf t,ltq rsm;onf ,aeYwkdif &SifoefaeMuqJyifjzpf onf/ "r®pmapmifwcsKdUwGifvnf; touf vdyfjym 0dnmOftaMumif;wkdYukd azmfjyaeMu onf/ trSeq f &kd ygrl touf vdyjf ym0dnmOf t,ltqonf Ak'¨ESihfacwfNyKdifay:aygufcJh onf/ ]]ed*@em#ykwå}} t,ltqyifjzpfonf/ ed*@\xkd0g'ukd ,cktcg ]]*sdrf;bmom}} [k ac:Muonf/ xkw d w d q d¦ &mBu;D \t,ltqt& ]]twårm}} ac:onhf vdyfjymaumif 0dnmOf aumif&Sdonf[kqkdonf/ twårmac: xkd0dnmOfvdyfjymaumif onf vl\cE¨mukd,ft&G,ftpm;twkdif;yif wnf&o dS nf[k qko d nf/ qkv d o dk nfum; armifjzL ac:onhfvlwpfa,muf tom;jzLí t&yf 5 ay jrihfonf[kqkdvQif 0dnmOfvdyfjymaumif onfvnf; tom;jzLí t&yf 5 ayjriho f nf[k qk d \ / armif j zLtom;rnf ; í t&yf y k v Qif xkdvdyfjym0dnmOfaumifonfvnf; rnf;\? ykonf[k ,lq\/ xk d Y t jyif xk d t wå a umif vd y f j ym

aumif 0dnmOfaumifonf a&mfbmuJo h Ydk ½IUH jcif; yGjcif;ukd jzpfapEkid o f nhf owå&d NdS y;D ouf&o dS wå0g (okdY) vlom;ESihftwl wpfNyKdifwnf;arG;zGm;vm onf[k qkdonf/ owå 0 g (vl ) wpf O D ; wpf a ,muf arG;zGm;vmonfESifh wpfNyKdifeuf twårmac: vdyfjymaumif 0dnmOfaumifonfvnf; twl arG;zGm;vmonf[q k o dk nf/ ,cktcg xkt d wårm (odkY) toufaumif vdyfjymaumifukd [dE´Lrsm; u ]][if;rZwf}} [k ac:Muonf/ [dE´LvlrsKd;wkdYonf vlwpfOD;pDü rjrif Ekdifonhf vsKdU0Suf0dnmOfaumif? vdyfjymaumif &Sdonf[k ,kHMunfMuonhftwGuf xkdvsKdU0Suf 0dnmOftaMumif;ukd [dE´Ledygwf? ykHjyif? 0w¦K? Zmwfvrf;wdkYü tom;ay;í crf;crf;em;em; qef;qef;jym;jym; a&;om;azmfjyMuonf/ txufazmfjycsufrsm;ukd axmufq í xkdtoufaumif? vdyfjymaumif? 0dnmOf aumif t,l t qonf ax&0g'tvk d t & r[kwb f J *srd ;f 0g'? [dEL´ 0g'wdrYk S pdr0hf ifvmonhf rSm;,Gif;onhf t,ltqjzpfaMumif; odEkdifMu avNyD/ bk&m;&Sifonf xkdt,lrSm;rsm;ukd vkH;0 (vk;H 0) jiif;y,fawmfrcl NhJ y;D jzpfyg\/ þokq Yd v dk Qif "r®pmapmifrsm;wGif zwf&onhf vlrrmrsm; (2) &uf (3) &uf arhavsmhaeNyD; vdyfjymuav;u ewfjynf a&mufvu dk f i&Jjynfa&mufvu dk jf zpfae onfukd tb,fokdY em;vnf&ygrnfenf;/ txufwiG f wifjycJNh y;D jzpfonhf edrw d f okH;rsKd;xJrS *wdedrdwfxifjcif;omjzpfonf/ *wderd w d x f ifonht f cg oGm;vk&d moGm;vmaeyk?H rd r d u k d , f u k d v nf ; aumif ; ? tjcm;ol r sm;uk d vnf;aumif; jrifawGU&ykH? rdrdvm;&rnhfb0okdY oGm;vm&ykH? awGU&Sd&ykHrsm;udkvnf; jrif&onf/ þtaMumif;ukd aomP&[EÅmt&Sif jrwf\zcif &[ef;rkq;dk Bu;D 0w¦Kjzihf odtyfonf/ xkdrkqkd;awmxGuf&[ef;BuD; aocgeD;tcsdefwGif wpf o uf v k H ; tuk o k d v f v k y f c J h o nh f t wG u f i&J*wdedrdwfrsm; xifvmonf/ i&JacG;BuD;rsm; 0kdif;ukdufaeonfhtwGuf atmf[pfnnf;nLae onfukd om;&[EÅmodonhftcg ckwifanmif apmif;ESifhwuG zcifawmxGuf&[ef;BuD;ukd apwDawmf&Sd&mokdY o,faqmifoGm;onf/ om;&[EÅmonf apwDawmfü yef; rsm; ukdqufuyfvSL'gef;ay;NyD; zcif&[ef;BuD; tm; tm½kjH yKcidk ;f onf/ xkt d cg i&J*wderd w d rf sm; aysmufuG,foGm;NyD; a'0 (ewfjynf) *wdedrdwf rsm; xifvmonf/ xk d t cg awmxG u f & [ef ; BuD ; u

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oihfrdaxG;awmfrsm; vmaeNyD- z,f z,f [k ajymqk d v monf / *wd e d r d w f x if o nh f t cg ewfom; ewforD;? ewfAdrmefrsm;ukd jrif&jcif;? raumif;onhfedrdwfrS aumif;onhfedrdwfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;? *wdedrdwfxifNyD;onhfwkdif raoao;bJ twefMumaeEkdifao;jcif;wkdYukd axmufqí vdyfjymuav;u ewfjynfa&muf vk d u f ? i&J j ynf a &muf v k d u f j zpf a eonf r S m *wdedrdwfxifaejcif;om jzpfaMumif; {uefrkcs rSwfom;xm;oifhMuonf/ raobJ jyefxvmjcif;onfvnf; toufaumif? vdyjf ymaumif? 0dnmOfaumifu cE¨muk, d x f o J Ydk jyef0ifvmjcif;r[kwaf cs/ edrw d f xifNyD; arsmae&mrS ukodkvfuHt&Sdefrukefao; í aocsed rf usao;onht f wGuf vlrrmarsmae &mrS jyefxvmjcif;omjzpfyg\/ od k Y a omf touf a umif ? vd y f j ym aumif? 0dnmOfaumifESihfpyfvsOf;í ajymp&m wkdYum; usef&Sdaeao;onhftwGuf qufí wifjyygOD;rnf/ ax&0g'tvkdt& 0dnmOf vdyfjym&Sdonf[lonhf t,ltqonf rSm;,Gif; onhf ]]oów'd|d}} yif jzpf\/ toufaumif? vdyfjymaumifuav;u wpfb0NyD;wpfb0 qufíjzpfaeonf[k ,lqxm;onfh wnfNrJ t,lukd ]]oów'd|d}} [k jrwfAk'¨a[mMum; awmfrlcJhyg\/ xdt k ,lrsm;onf jrwfA'k \ ¨ tewå0g' ES i f h qef Y u sif b uf j zpf o nh f t wG u f w&m; oabmESihfr[yfrdbJ bk&m;ESifhausmcsif;uyfol rsm; rjzpfMuap&ef þt,lrSm;ukd Ak'¨bmom 0ifrSeforQ tNyD;wdkifz,f&Sm;oifhvS\/ okdYaomf Ak'¨bmom0iftrsm;pkwdkYwGif xkdt,lrSm;um; &SdaeMuqJyifjzpfonf/ uav;wpfa,mufukd ajcmufvSefY onfhtcg aemufwpfa,mufu ]]odyfrajcmuf ygeJ Y ? uav;vd y f j ymvG i f h o G m ;ygOD ; r,f } } [k [efw Y m;avh&MdS uonf/ aus;vufa'oawm&Gm rsm;wGif ae0ifonfESihf ]]om;av;&JU touf vdyjf ym vm vm vm b,frrS oGm;eJ}Y } [k vdyjf ym ac:avh&dSMuonf/ wpf c sKd U uav;rsm;\vnf y if ; wG i f vdyfjymcsKyfvkyfí qGJay;xm;Muonfvnf;&Sd Muonf/ vlaoonhftcgüvnf; tyfcsnfrQif ESifh uGif;vkyfNyD; uav;oli,frsm;\ vufü pGyfay;xm;Muonf/ wpfcsKdUu vnfyif;wGif pGyfay;xm;Muonf/ wpfcsKdUu vnfyif;wGif pGyfay;xm;MuNyD; vdyfjymcGJonf[k qkdMuonf/ pmrsuf E S m 33 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

taea0;aomfvnf; ta0;aer[kwy f g a':tk e f ; oG i f (ur® | memp&d , - rG r f ; rH )

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o&uf o D ; uav;rsm;vd k BuD ; i,f ? &G , f v wf r a&G ; ? ola<uuscsifonfh t&G,f wGif a<uusaeMuonf / tcsKd U rS m trS n h f w0if;0if;? tuif;wjzKwfjzKwf qkdouJhokdY rSnhf0if;aeaom toD;rSm a<uusvkjzpf aomfvnf; tuif;awG uoma<uusaeMu onf/ xkt Yd wl vlwrYkd mS vnf; tzk;d tzGm;wdu Yk touf&SnfMuNyD? om;orD;ajr;awGu touf r&SnfMuay/ þonfrSm rdrd\aemufb0rS jznhfqnf; vmcJhaom oDvukokdvfuH aMumifh jzpf \ / (2) bma&m*gES i h f a ornf u k d rod M u ay/ vl w k d Y o nf b,f a eY b ma&m*gjzpf r nf u k d BuKw d ifírodMuay? 'DaeYtaumif;om eufjzef wpfv? ESpfv ponfrS aemifESpfawGwGif bm a&m*gjzpfvmrnfukd BuKdwifírodEkdifMuay/ bma&m*gESifh aornfuv dk nf; BuKw d ifírodEidk f ygacs/ (3) b,ftcsdefcgaoMurnfukd rod Muay Muay/ Oyrm- aEGrSmvm;? rkd;rSmvm;? aqmif;rSm vm; ponf j zih f BuKd w if í rod M u&ay/ xk d Y x uf tao;pdwf&vQif eHeufvm;? aeYvnfvm;? nvm; ponfjzihf ao&rnht f csed u f dk BuKd wifí rodMu&ay/ (4) ukd,faumifypfcs&mt&yfjzpfyg onf/ rd r d \ cE¨ m uk d , f o nf 'D N rKd U rS m aeaomf v nf ; 'DNrKdUrSmaocsifrSao&rSmjzpfygonf/ wjcm;NrKdU &GmokdYoGm;vm&ifvnf; aoMu&wmrsKd; &Sdwwf Muygonf/ 'gxuf tao;pdwf&vQif ukd,f aumifukd ajrjrKyfrSmvm;? rD;oN*Kd[frSmvm;? ponfjzihf &SdwwfMuygonf/ (5) rd r d w d k Y \ vm;&m*wd j zpf y gonf / rdrdwdkYonf b,fuvmvkdY b,fukdoGm;rSmvJ qkdouJhokdY rdrdwdkYt&ifu b,fb0u vmcJhMu onfuv dk nf; rodMuyg/ ,ckb,fb0ukd jyefMu rSmvJqkdwmvnf; rodMuyg/ xkdYaMumihf vlwdkY wGif BuKdwifírodtyfaomt&m (5)yg;&SdMu ygonf/

'gwGirf uaojcif;w&m; (0g)aojcif; (4)rsKd;&Sdygonf/ (1) tm,ku©,- ydkif;jcm;tyfaom oufwrf;ukefí ao&jcif;? (rD;pmukefjcif;ESihf wlygonf) (2) ur®u©,- y#doaE¨u tpGrf; ukefíao&jcif;? (qDukefjcif;ESihfwlygonf) (3) Ob,u©,- oufwrf;? uHpGrf; ESpfyg;vkH;ukefí ao&jcif;wkdYjzpfygonf) (4) Oyapä ' u u- tumvr&PuH q k d ; jzwf a cR vwf w avmao&jcif ; ? (avwkdufí rD;Nidrf;jcif;ESihfwlygonf/ Oyrmrawmfwq xdcdkuf'Pf&m&í aoqkH;&jcif; (um;arSmufjcif;?a&epfjcif;) ponfwjYkd zpfonf/ þokaYd ojcif; w&m;rSmyif av;rsK;d &So d nht f euf rdrdwdkYonf rnfonhfaojcif;rsKd;wGif yg0ifí rnfuJhokdY aoMu&rnfukd BuKdwifírodEkdif Mu&ay? xkdYaMumihf þBuKdwifrodtyfaom t&mawG Mum;xJ w G i f aexk d i f a eMuaom vlom;wpfa,muftaeESihf rdrdtwGuf aemuf vm;&m*wd t wG u f rd r d \ usef & S d a eao; aomtcsdefwGif tcsdefrDBuKdwifjyifqiftyf vS a yonf / taorOD ; cif ÓPf O D ; atmif BuKd;pm;tm;xkwfí jyifqifoihfvSayonf/ vlwkdif; owå0gwkdif;onf ao&rnf ukad wmh aMumufMuonf/ aemufb0 b,fb0 a&mufí bmjzpfrnfukdawmh awG;íraMumuf Muay/ owå0gwkdif;onf arG;zGm;vmvQif wpf b0wGif wpfcgaoMu&rnfrkcsyif/ xkdYaMumihf vlwkdYonf avmuDa&;jzpfaom pm;0wfaea&; twGuf pD;yGm;&SmBuHMuouJhokdY avmukwå&m ta&;üvnf; &SmrSD;qnf;yl;xm;&m\/ vlwidk ;f onf vlaY vmuwGiaf eMupOf ½kyfvnf;jyif? pdwfvnf;jyifMu&efvkdonf/ aezkdY vnf;jyif? aozkv Yd nf; jyifMu&efvo dk nf/ pD;yGm; &Sm&mrSm avmbeJYr&SmbJ o'¨geJY&SmMu&efvkd onf/ eHeuftdyf&mrSxvQif rsufESmopf? oGm; wkduf? acgif;NzD; ponfwkdYrSm ½kyfukdjyifjcif; jzpf\/ xkdYtwl ½kyfukdjyifouJhokdY rdrd\

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ pdwfuav;ukdvnf; jzLpifatmifxm;wwfzkdY vdkonf/ vlom; onf rdrdaezkdYjyifqifaeovkd aowJhtcgrSm tqifoihfjzpfap&ef w&m; bm0emukd &SmazGoihf\/ rdrdpm;0wfaea&; twGuf pD;yGm;vnf;&Smovdk w&m;udkvnf; wpfbufrS &SmoifhvS\/ tcsKdUvlrsm;rSm taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jy um w&m;&Sm&ef a&SmifvTJaeMuaomfvnf; tcsdefwefvdkY &Sifaorif;u ac:aomtcg b,fvkdrStaMumif;jyrjiif;&J xyfcsyfruGm aumuf a umuf y gvk d u f oG m ;&awmh r S m yg/ xkaYd Mumihf tcsed &f cdS u kd f w&m;bm0emukd yGm;rsm; tm;xk w f x m;Muyg/ pD ; yG m ;&S m &mrS m vnf ; tjrwfBuD;pm; acgif;ykHjzwfaom pdwf"mwf rxm;bJ wef&mwefaMu;o'¨gw&m; av;eJY olYukd'gavmufay;vkdufw,f? ig'Davmuf&&if awmfygNyDqkdwJh pdwf"mwfuav;rsm; arG;jrL oihfvS\/ xkdokdY rdrdae&if;eJYaozkdYvnf;jyif? pD;yGm;&Sm&if;eJY w&m;vnf;&atmif usihfBuH yG m ;rsm;tm;xk w f M urS m omvQif tcsd e f a wG tv[orukefawmhbJ tcsdefukd tusKd;&Sd&Sd tokH;cs&ma&mufayrnf/ rnfonhf&dyfomodkY w&m;pcef;0if onfjzpfap? a,m*Drsm;tm; ur®|mef;jyq&mu owdy|mefw&m; 4 yg;ukyd ifjyoay;onf csn;f omjzpf\/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;onf w&m; toD;tyGifhwdkYukdcHpm;Ekdif&ef w&m;pcef;wpfck zGifhvQif rnfonhf w&m;pcef;okdYrqkd 0ifa&muf tm;xkwfoihf\/ ,ckacwfrSm Ak'¨omoem awmfonf aevkv d vkt d vGef xGe;f vif;awmufy vsuf&Sdygonf/ NrKdUtESHUwGif r[mpnfur®|mef; &dyfom? rkd;ukwf0dyóem &dyfom? oJtif;*l &dyfom? csrf;ajrU&dyfom? v,fwDrl tem*grf q&moufBuD;0dyóem (7)&ufpcef;&dyfom ponf jzih f & S d M uygonf / t"d u uawmh tm;xkwf jzpfzkdYomvQifjzpfonf/ Oyrm a&Twd*kHbk&m;ukd wufa&muf zl;ajrmf&mwGif rkcfav;rkcf&Sdonhfteuf ta&SU? taemuf ? awmif ? ajrmuf rnf o nh f r k c f r S wufa&mufzl;arQmfonfjzpfap? bk&m;a&muf onfcsnf;yifjzpf\/ xkdYtwl w&m;tm;xkwf &m wGifvnf; (1) um,mEkyóemowdy|mef?

(2) a0'emEkyóemowdy|mef? (3) pdwåm Ek y óemowd y |mef ? (4) "r® m Ek y óem owd y |mef ? [l a omþenf ; (4)rsKd ; wG i f wpf r sKd ; rsKd ; ES i f h tm;xk w f & wmcsnf ; yif / tpysKd;onhfenf; jcm;em;vQifomjcm;em;rnf jzpfNyD; tqkH;wGif owdy|mefav;yg;teuf

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wpfyg;yg;wGif tusKH;0ifNyD; r*fzkdvfedAÁmefodkY rsufarSmufjyK&ef OD;wnfcsufum; twlwlyif jzpf \ / þok d Y pcef ; 0if t m;xk w f j cif ; jzih f yg&rD 10 yg;vnf ; jznh f N yD ; om;jzpf u m udavom 10 yg;wdkYvnf; yg;vsm;oGm;vQif tenf;qkH; w'*Fy[eftm;jzihf plVaomwmyef jzpf o G m ;Ek d i f \ / w'*F a wG r sm;vmaomtcg ork a pä ' y[ef t m;jzih f ud a vomwd k Y u k d y,f o wf N yD ; tcsd e f M umvmaomtcg r[maomwmyef tNyD;wkdif jzpfEkdifygonf/ odkYjzpfí w&m;pcef;wpfckrS w&m;vnf;&í avmuxJwGifvnf; taowwf? taevnf; wwf onfh enf;vrf;aumif; rsm;udk &&SdMuay rnf/ w&m;pcef;rsm;rS enf;vrf;aumif;rsm;? enf ; em ed ó ,rsm;uk d rS w f o m;em,l N yD ; rtm;vyfí w&m;pcef;okdY r0ifa&mufEkdif onhfwkdif rdrdukd,fwkdif tdrfwGif vnf; wpkduf rwfrwftm;xkwfí&\/ trSefwu,fawmh w&m;pcef;rSm &ufwdk oifwef;ay;onfESifh wlygonf/ tm;vyfolrsm;twGufrl w&m; pcef;ukd 0ifa&muftm;xkwfjcif; jzifh ykdrkdtusKd; rsm;vS\/

'gejyKvkyfjcif;jzihf aemufb0wGif csrf;omrnfjzpfNyD; oDvaqmufwnfjcif;tm; jzihf touf&Snfrnf? bm0emudk yGm;rsm;tm; xk w f j cif ; tm;jzih f ,ck o H o &mpuf 0 ef ; rS tNyD;wkdifvGwfajrmuf&NyD; y#doaE¨? tkd? em aoab;Bu;D rS tNy;D wkid v f w G af jrmufMu&ayrnf/ xkdYaMumihf 'ge? oDvavmufESifhyif a&mifh&J wif;wdrfraeMubJ bm0emw&m;ukd usihfBuH yG m ;rsm;tm;xk w f M uygrS tyg,f a v;yg; vGwaf jrmufMu&ayrnf/ edAmÁ efqo dk nfrmS rdrEd iS hf taea0;aomf v nf ; ed A Á m ef a &muf a Mumif ; w&m;rsm;ukd usihfBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeaom vlyk*¾KdvfwkdYtwGuf ta0;aer[kwfawmhyg/ xk d Y a Mumif h rd r d w d k Y \ touf o nf b,faeY? b,ftcsdef? b,ftcg ukefqkH;rnfukd rod & í usef & S d a eaom tcsd e f r sm;wG i f bm0emw&m;ukd tm;xkwfjcif;jzihf tcsdefukd tusK;d &S&d dS tok;H csomG ;Muyg[k edAmÁ eftusK;d arQmf ukd;í wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf vkduf&ygonf/ aus;Zl;&Siftaygif;wdkYtm; þpmvTm yef;ukH;av;jzihf aus;Zl;qyftyfygonf/ a':tk e f ; oG i f ur® | memp&d , (rG r f ; rH )

pmrsuf E S m 31 rS om;onftarjzpfygrl rdcifaoqk;H onft h wGuf om;ESit fh ar vdyjf ymcG&J onf[v k nf; t,l&MdS u onf/ þtxuf y g tpOf t vm? tpG J tvrf;? t,ltqrsm;ukd aumufqMunhfygu Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;\ todpdwfxJwGif vdyfjym aumif ? 0d n mOf a umif t ,l t qonf a&S ; ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m uyif jzpf w nf v mcJ h o nf h twGuf t½kd;pGJaeNyDjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;vS\/ rSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqjzpfonf/ [dE´L (jA[®P)0g'wGif y&rtwåESifh ZD0twå[lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ y&rtwå[lonf urÇmavmuBu;D ESiw fh uG owå0grsm;ukd zefqif; onhf jA[®mBu;D jzpfí ZD0twåonfum; owå0g wkid ;f wGi&f adS eMuonfh twåac: toufvyd jf ym 0dnmOfaumifyifjzpfonf/ [d E ´ L 0g'tvk d t & ZD 0 twå o nf y&rwå\ukd,fyGm;jzpfí vGwfajrmufrI ]armu©} uk d r &rcsif ; þcE¨ m rS xk d c E¨ m ? xk d c E¨ m rS þcE¨mokdY xkdxkdþþ tvDvDul;ajymif;í wpf b 0NyD ; wpf b 0 oH o &mvnf a e&NyD ; vGwfajrmufrI armu©ukd&rSom y&rwå (okdY) jA[®mBuD;ESihf jyefvnfaygif;pnf;oGm;onf[k

,kHMunfMuonf/ bk&m;&Sif yGifhxGef;awmfrlvmonfh tcg vlwiG f ½kyef mrfrv S í JG twåaumif? vdyjf ym aumif? 0dnmOfaumifr&Sd[k trSef"r®ukd xGef;jy cJhonf/ tu,fí vlowå0gwkdYwGif ½kyfemrf tjyif wjcm;twåaumif&Sdao;onf[kqkdvQif rdrd½kyfcE¨monf rdrdjzpfcsifovdk jzpf&rnf/ rdrd½kyfoGifukd tpkd;w&csKyfudkifEkdif&rnf/ ,ckrl rnfokdYrS rcsKyfukdifEkdifbJ cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrf ESpfyg;onf oljzpfcsifovdkjzpfí ysufcsdefwef vQifysufaeMuonf/ uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m& taMumif;w&m;av;yg;wdkY\ jyKjyifrIukd cHae& onf/ xkaYd Mumihf cE¨muk, d x f w J iG f ½kyef mrfrw S yg; twåaumif? vdyjf ymaumif? 0dnmOfaumifr&Sb d J tewåomjzpfaMumif; jrwfAk'¨rdefYMum;awmfrlcJh yg\/ txufay:jycsuw f u Ydk dk axmufqí touf0dnmOfvdyfjymaumif t,ltqonf rSm;,Gif;onfh ]]oó'd|d}} t,ljzpfí xkdt,l rsm;ukd y,fpGefYoifhygaMumif; av;av;eufeuf wkdufwGef;vkdufyg\/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ous0H o

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

pmrsuf E S m 27 rS odyÜHynmonf vlom;b0ukd u,f wif E k d i f p G r f ; r&S d y g/ wnf a qmuf r I t wG u f tokH;jyKEkdif&ef odyÜHESifh enf;ynmukd udk,fusihf odu©m (oDv)qkdif&m oifMum;rIrsm;jzihfom xdef;ausmif;ay;Ekdifyg rnf/ u½kPm? arwåm paom pdwfykdif;qkdif&m wefzkd;rsm;r&Sdonfh odyÜHonf vlom;ukd zsufqD;ygvdrhfrnf/ odyÜH ynm&S i f w k d Y o nf rd r d w d k Y \ wwf u Rrf ; rI enf;ynmESihf wDxGifEkdifrIpGrf;&nfwdkYukd tokH;cs vsuf ykdíykdí pGrf;tm;jynfh0aom? ykdíykdí xufjrufaumif;rGeaf om vufeuf rsK;d pkw H x D iG f zefwD;jcif;tm;jzihf toufarG;vsuf &SdMu\/ wpfenf;qkd&vQif ysufpD;rIpGrf;tm; ydkrkdrsm; jym;aom odyÜHvufeufqef;rsm;ukd wDxGifjcif; jzih f touf a rG ; vsuf & S d M u\/ Ak ' ¨ u m; u½kPm&Sifppfppfomjzpfyg\/ Ak ' ¨ E S i h f tawG ; tac:ynm&S i f r sm; pifppf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ BuD;rm;jrihfjrwf aomarwåm (r[mu½kPm) ESihf cdkifjyefYus,f 0ef;aomtodÓPf (r[mynm) w&m;wkdYukd rnfonfhawG;ac:&SifrS vkdufírrD? rckdif;EIdif; oifyh g/ Ak'¨bmom0ifr[kwfaom pma&;ol? xkwfa0olrsm; a&;om;xkwfa0onhf ]]xifay: ausmfMum; yk*¾KdvfwkdY\ b0rsm;taMumif;}} pmtk y f t csKd U wG i f qk d c a&;wD ; (Socrates) t&pöwkdw,f (Aristotle)? qmaomrwfpfrkd; (Sir Thomas Moore)? rmwifvo l m ( Martin Luther)? bif*srifz&ifuvif (Benjamin f f (Karl Marx) paom Franklin)? um;vfrwfcp awG;ac:ynm&Sifrsm;ESihftwl Ak'¨ukd xnhfoGif; avh&SdMu\/ pifppfxkdokdYrjzpfoifhacs/ jrwfAk'¨ rSm twlr&Sd? twkr&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvfxl;jzpfaom aMumifhyif/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfudk tawG;tac: ynm&S i d r sm;pm&if ; ok d Y rxnh f o G i f ; oif h a y/ xkt Yd wl odyyHÜ nm&Sirf sm;pm&if;okv Yd n;f rxnfh oGi;f oifah y/ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG onf qif;&J'u k t © aygif; jynhfaomavmurS vlom;ukd vGefajrmuf&m enf;vrf; oifjyay;aom avmukwå&mq&m t&Sifjzpfyg\/ *&dtawG;tac:ynmESihf acwfopf 'óed u aA'wd k Y o nf vk d u f e musih f B uH z k d Y & m b0enf;vrf;ukd tav;teufrjyK/ oifMum; avhvmí oabmw&m;taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;a0zef&eftwGufom jzpfonf/ Ak'¨ bmomonfum; eufeJvSaom todtjrifwdkY

uk d avh v m&ef o uf o uf o mr[k w f b J yk d í ta&; ygaom? vd k u f e musih f o k H ; &ef BuK;d pm;tm;xkw&f ef b0aeenf;? b0enf;vrf; wkdY taMumif; oifMum;csufrsm;yifjzpfonf/ tod r vG J ? oD v NrJ ? qif ; &J N id r f ; aMumif ; usih f E k d i f a p/ usih f B uH B uKd ; pm;? ynmyG m ;? w&m;ppf r S e f a wG U ygap/

&J&ifhwnfMunfaom

OD;aZmfEkdif (Myanmar Creadenttechonology Co.)

avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf

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usrf ; ñT e f ; a'guf w ma0g(vf ) yk d v m &m[k v m (DR.WALPOLA) t&Sifjrwfa&;om;aom RELIGION IS BEYOND SCIENCE ukd

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(Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) (wuúokdvfoQifoD&d) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) (wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) (ref;wuúokdvfatmifjrifh0if;) rkd;[def;(om;*sme,fausmf) (t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho)

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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Mum;om; jrifom; r[kwf Muufom;ygbk&m; cifolZmjrihf

t&SifokreESihf t&Sif£E´uwdkYonf em*awmifwef;a'o omoemjyKwm0ef (3)ESpf xrf;aqmifNyD;í rdrdwdkY\ i,fq&mjzpfaom &S r f ; ausmif ; q&mawmf u jyef a c:í anmifyifom&GmodkY jyef<uvmonf/ awmifwef;&Sm;yg;a'ou jyef<uvm aom OD;yÍÆi;f rsm;udk rdbaqGrsK;d wdu Yk qGr;f [if; aumif ; av;awG E S i h f qG r f ; uyf v d k M uonf / awm&GmqdkonfrSm NrdKUvdk tom;? tajcmuf tjcrf;rsm;u vdkovdk 0,fír&/ odkYtwGuf &yf & G m ü tqif o ih f & S d a om arG ; xm;aom Muufuav;rsm;udkom owfícsufjyKwfNyD; [if;aumif;vkyfae&aom obm0&Sdavonf/ OD;yÍÆif;ESpfyg;ESihf &GmOD;ausmif;q&m awmfudk OD;£E´u\ zcif rdcifwdkYu tdrfyihfí qGr;f uyfMuonf/ awmifwef;omoemjyKuae jyef v mMuaom &[ef ; awmf r sm; jzpf M uí tdrfeD;csif; aqGrsKd;wdkYuvnf; owif;xl;av; Mum;csif emcsifodcsifMuí qGrf;uyf&modkY vm Muonf/ qGr;f uyfaomtcg OD;£E¨u\ ESru arG ; xm;aom wl u av;armif o H a csmif ; u olOY ;D av;bke;f Bu;D OD;£E´uem;vmuyfaeNy;D ]av;av; bkef;bkef; tm;&yg;&pm; aemf ? 'D M uuf u av;u wynh f a wmf Muufuav;?? av;av;bkef;bkef;wdkY <uawmh r,f? qGrf;uyfr,fqdkvdkY wynhfawmfudk,fwkdif avmufav;eJY vdkufypfzrf;ay;NyD; av;av; bkef;bkef;wdkYtwGuf csufauR;xm;wmaemf? av;av;bk e f ; bk e f ; wd k Y tm;&yg;& pm;yg? aumif ; w,f r [k w f v m;} vd k Y vmajymjy&m qGrf;pm;aeaom &GmOD;ausmif;q&mawmfESihf OD;yÍÆif;ESpfyg;rSm qGrf;bkOf;ay;&if; tdk;wdkYtrf;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

tjrifrsm; ajymif;vJvmjcif; t&S i f * k P ao| (pwk b k r ® d u )

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ vmonf/ t&ifuavmuf pdwf½IyfaxG;rIr&Sd awGr&Sad wmhay? vlBu;D vlaumif;wpfa,muf[k orkwfcH&aom yk*¾KdvfBuD;wpfa,muf\ ae&m k a© &mufpOfu oif uREyfk f XmewGif ]]uREyfk 'f u udk bmulnDcJhovJ}} [laom pmom;av;ukd zwfcJh&zl;\/ xkdyk*¾KdvfBuD;onf b,fvkdcHpm; csuf E S i h f a&;onf r od ? xk d p mom;onf arwåm\oabm twdrfteufukd ysufjym; apaom pmom;[k pd w f x J a tmuf a rh vkdufrd\/ olauR;rS ukd,fauR;r,fqkdaom pdwf"mwfrsKd;jzpfaeí uav;rsm; pm;p&m twl p m;aepOf &ef j zpf a om pum;rsKd ; om jzpf o nf / xd k p d w f " mwf o nf uav; pdwf"mwfom jzpf\/ wu,fharwåmppfrSm- wpfbuf om;xHrS bmukdrSrarQmfvihfbJ udk,fuom t&m&may;qyf a e&onf u k d auseyf a e aom pd w f " mwf j zpf o nf / 'D p mav;u rdrpd w d x f J oHrEdI iS ½fh u kd f xnhx f m;ovdk pGaJ eonf/ olawmfaumif;pdwf"mwfykdif&SifwkdY txufyg pdwf"mwfrsKd;rxm;oifhaMumif; okH;oyfrd\/ pma&;ol w d k Y a &S U rS m jrif a e&aom t&m0w¦KawGtm;vkH; tcsdeftcgra&G;ajymif; vJ a eMuonf / ajymif ; vJ j cif ; onf (1) taumif;rS tqkd;okdY ajymif;vJjcif;? (2) tqk d ; rS taumif ; ok d Y ajymif ; vJ j cif ; [l í ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf[k qkdcsifonf/ ajymif;vJjcif; onf wkd;wufrI\ vu©Pmwpf&yfjzpfovkd qkwf,kwfrI\ vu©Pmwpf&yfvnf;jzpf\/ ajymif;vJol\ pdwfqE´ay:rSmomrlwnf\/ uREkfyf'ku©a&mufcJhpOfu uREkfyfukdbmulnD cJ h o vJ qk d a ompmonf tqk d ; buf u k d OD ; wnf aompmomjzpf o nf / trS e f u b,f o l a wG uk d , f h t ay:aumif ; aumif ; raumif ; aumif ; uk d , f u aumif ; zk d Y o m ta&;BuD ; onf [ l a om pd w f " mwf u k d x m; Ek d i f a tmif B uKd ; pm;&rnf j zpf \ / wpf a eY a omtcg yef ; csD y nm&S i f wpfa,mufonf rnfoel rYJ rS wlaom at;csr;f aomrsufESmykdif&Sifwpfa,mufukd yef;csDqGJrnf [laompdwfjzihf t&yfwumvSnfhí at;csrf; aomrsufESmydkif&Sifudk&Sm&m b,fae&mrSmrS rawGUjzpfae\/ wpfcsKdUrsufESmrSm tvGefvSy aomfvnf; rat;csrf;/ rdrd\pdwfukd qGJaqmif Ek d i f a vmuf a tmif rat;csrf ; apyg/ xk d o k d Y &S m &if ; ES i f h awmeuf o d k Y a &muf o G m ;&m opf y if & if ; wpf c k ü w&m;xk d i f a eaom &aoh w pf y g;uk d awG U jrif a v\/ xk d & aoh r suf E S m ud k jrif j rif j cif ; ol Y p d w f x J

at;csrf ; oG m ;avonf / ig&S m aewm 'Dvkdyk*¾KdvfyJ[k pdwf xJauseyfNyD; xkd&aohykHukd yef ; csD q G J N yD ; vQif td r f o k d Y jyef c J h \ / td r f ü xkd&aohykHukd csdwfxm;av\/ xkd&aohonf tpü tusih f o D v aumif ; jcif ; aMumif h awmtk y f x J ü &S d a om usm;? jcaoF h ? ,k e f ? tp&Sdaom awmwd&pämefwdkYu xkd&aohtm; qnf;uyfMuav\/ tcsdefMumjrifhaomtcg &aohonf olYxHokdY aeYwkdif; vmqnf;uyfaom ,kefawGukdjrifvQif pdwfazmufjyefvmav\/ ,kefom;pm;csifpdwfjzpfvmav\/ xkdpdwfukd rxdef;csKyfEkdifbJ&Sd&m aemufaeYolYxHqnf;uyf vmaom ,kefwpfaumifukd zrf;qD;pm;aomuf avawmh\/ xko d Ydk aeYwidk ;f zrf;qD;pm;aomuf&m wd&pämefrsm;rSm xkd&aohxHokdY rqnf;uyfawmh ay/ &aohvnf; &owPSmukd rcsKyw f ;D Ekid af wmh bJ wd&pämefawGudk &ufpufpmG zrf;qD;pm;aomuf avawmh\/ umvMumjrifhaomtcg &aoh½kyfykHukd yef;csDqGJoGm;aom yef;csDynm&Sifu 'Dwpfcg awmh &uf p uf N yD ; aMumuf p &mtaumif ; qk H ; rsufESmydkif&Sifukd vkduf&Smavonf/ xkdodkY&Sm&if; xkdawmtkyfBuD;xJodkYyif a&mufvmavawmh\/ yef;csDynm&Sifonf xkdawmtkyfxJü ESpfumv rsm;pG m wd & pä m ef a wG u k d &uf p uf p G m zrf ; qD ; pm;aomufaeaom xkd&aoht0wftpm;ESifhvl ukd awGUjrifav\/ 'Dvlonf tvGef&ufpuf\/ bDvl;uJhokdYyifjzpf\/ igt&yfwumvSnfh&Smwm 'DavmufMurf;wrf;wmudk rawGUbl;? 'Dvl½kyfukd igqGJawmhr,f[k pdwful;NyD; yef;csDqGJav\/ yef;csDqGJNyD; tdrfokdYjyefNyD;vQif rdrd,cifqGJxm; aom at;csrf;onhfrsufESmykdif&SifykHab;em;wGif xkdykHukd csdwfxm;vkdufav\/ w&m;oabmtm;jzihf Munhfrnfqkd vQif ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wkdYonf puúefYrvyf ajymif;vJaeMu\/ vlwpfOD;wnf;onfyif raeY uvlESifh 'DaeYvlrwlawmh? emrfw&m;wnf;[l aom pdwfonf ½kyfw&m;xufyif ajymif;vJjref av\/ uav;b0u ighukdtEkdifusihfwJholawG igtoufBuD;vm&if jyefNyD;vufpm;acsr,f[k uav;b0u pma&;olpdwfxJ cPcPBuKH;0g; cJh\/ pdwfxJrSwfavmufatmifvnf; i,fpOfu tEkdifusihfcH&onf? ESdrfhcscH&onf/ toufBuD; aomtcg pma&;olukd tEkdifusihfcJhaomolawG ukd jyefawGUonf/ vufpm;acsEkdifavmufatmif vnf; taMumif;vkHvkHavmufavmuf&Sdonf/ okdYaomf pma&;ol uav;b0u pdwful;cJhovkd rvkyfjzpfyg/ pma&;ol\todÓPfu vufpm; acsrIukd vufoihfrcHawmhaomaMumifhjzpf\/

37

pd w f u k d a jymif ; vJ a pwwf a omw&m;wd k Y w G i f tcsed f umv? w&m;ESiafh vsmaf omtawGUtBuK?H &ifhusufrIwdkYonf t"duae&mrS yg0if\/ ½ky&f iS f Zmwfvrf;rsm;wGif rif;om;ukd i,fi,fu tEkdifusihfcJhaomolrsm;ukd rif;om;u touf BuD ; vmaomtcg jyef í vuf p m; acsonf h Zmwfvrf;rsKd;rsm;ukd tcgrsm;pGmMunhfaom uav;oli,frsm;tzkdY vufpm;acsjcif;[l aom taMumif;onf t½kd;pGJ aeavawmh\/ tEkdif&Ekdifygvsuf t½IH;ay;jcif;onf olawmfaumif;pdwf"mwfyifjzpf\/ vspfvsL ½Ijcif; (Oayu©m)w&m;[lonf qkH;½IH;oGm;wm a&m <uif;usefonhft&myg bmudkrS vSnhf rMunh f a wmh j cif ; jzpf o nf / wpfa,mufESihf wpf a ,muf ,S O f N yKd i f j cif ; onf v nf ; r&if h usuf a omol r sm;\ tvk y f o mjzpf \ / aeYawGnawG&n S Mf umvmav? ajymif;vJvmjcif; obm0ukd xyfcgxyfcgBuKH&avjzpfonf/ pma&;olwYdk aemifvnf; ajymif;vJMu &OD;rnf/ tqk;d rS taumif;odYk ajymif;vJatmif om BuKd ; pm;Mu&rnf o mjzpf \ / ,cif u tvkyf wpfckvkyfvQif rdrdtwGuf vkyfonf jzpf a p? ol w pf y g;twG u f v k y f o nf j zpf a p arQmfvifhcsufuav;jzihf vkyfwwf\/ arQmfvihf onft h wkid ;f vkcd siw f mawGr&aomtcgrsm;wGif pdwf'ku©a&mufcJh&onf/ vkdcsifwmawG&vQif aum pdwcf sr;f omrSmvm;/ vk;H 0pdwcf sr;f omrnf [k pma&;olr,kHMunfyg/ ½kyfemrfESpfyg;ESihf wnf a qmuf x m;aom cE¨ m uk d 'D c E¨ m uk d , f B uD ; ES i h f 'G e f w G J a eorQ umvywf v k H ; 'k u © a wG e J Y & if q k d i f M u&OD ; rnf j zpf \ / xk d pum;&yfonf tqkd;jrif0g'r[kwf? tqkd; qkH;awGukd BuKdwif&ifqkdifEkdifatmif BuKd;pm; xm;rS jzpfay:vmOD;r,fh tqkd; av;awGudk b0ay;oifcef;pmjzifh wnfNidrfpGm &ifqkdif Ek d i f r S m jzpf \ / bk&m;pifrS yef;uav;awG bk&m;yef; uyfpOftcgu ta&miftaoG;pkHvifpGmjzihf wifhwifhw,fw,f&Sd\/ pma&;olrsufpda&SU wpfywftwGif;rSmyif vef;&muEGrf;? EGrf;&mu &d? &d&mu ajcmufaoGUvmMuonf/ ]b0eJY ywfoufvYdk uREyfk af vhvmNy;D orQtm;vk;H ]]tedpö qkad om pmvk;H ok;H vk;H jzihf tESpcf sKyv f &Ydk \/ (20) &mpk uAsmq&m (a&mbwfza&mhpf)\ uAsm av;u pma&;olwdkYtm;vkH;ukd todw&m;awG ay;aeavawmh\/ t&S i f * k P ao| (pwk b k r ® d u )

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

tkd &ufpufpG oiftz aZmfaemif (u|0g[eZmwf ) Ä

a&S;oa&mcg jynfAm&m? jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKyg/ wpfaeYaomcg aysmf&Tifyg;?

O,smOfawmfupm;/

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vSnfhvnfoGm;vm O,smOfrSm? rdef;rwpfa,mufukd jrifrd&m/ xif;acGae&Sm xkdolr? bk&ifrif;jrwfoabmus/ csOf;uyfayGUzuf oH0go/

Ä

xkdcPi,fü yifav? bk&m;tavmif; y#doaE¨ae/ xif;acGrdef;r rayhgryg;? ukd,f0efaqmif&wum;/

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xkdtaMumif;tm; rif;BuD;ukd? xif;acGrdef;r avQmufxm;qkd/ olYvufpGyfudk cRwfíay;? þodkYrdefYMum; ajymcJhao;/

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rdef;uav;ukdarG;cJhvQif? onft&yfrSmyJ aeapcsif/ vufpGyfukdyif oifa&mif;cs? toufarG;NyD; aeavMu/ a,musfm;av;qkdu oifac:iif? eef;awmfxu J 0dk if/ bk&ifrif;jrwf rdefYawmfrSwf? jyef<ua&Teef;&yf/ uHZmwfq&m olpD&if? a,musfm;av;ukd zGm;jrif/ arG;ordcif xkdom;av;? t&G,fa&mufaomfarG;/ uav;uav;csif; aqmhwJhtcg? ]]tzrJhom;}} vdkY aemufajymif&m/ tBudrfrsm;pGm &Sdavu? ]]tuREkfyfzcif b,folvJAs}}?

]]oltck b,frSm&Sdaeygh}}? arG;ordcifukd ar;rd&/ Ä

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arG;rdcifu xkdtcg? olYcspfom;ukd ajymjy&Sm/ rif;zcif[m Am&mrif;? tckoGm;pkdY eef;awmfwGif;/ rif;tdrfwHcg;okdY a&mufaomtcg? bk&ifrif;tm; taMumif;Mum;&m/ 0ifcGifh&&Sm om;trd? bk&ifha&SUarSmuf a&mufav\/ trdjzpfolu xkdtcgwGif? bk&ifrif;ukd olavQmufwif/ tckjrif& oli,fum;? bk&ifrif;jrwfom;/ igum;rod xkdoli,f? bmawGvmajymaeovJuG,f? bk&ifrif;jrwf oljiif;y,f/

Ä

xkdtcg0,f rdcifu? vufpGyfawmfukd olxkwfjy? tJ'gukda&m odygp/

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&mZ£a`E´ysufawmhr,f? rSL;BuD;rwfBuD; vlykHtv,f/ ]bl;} uG,fvufp qufí ]bl;}? 'gvnf; ukd,fawmfrodbl;/

Ä

þokdY ]bl;} awmh rwwfom? rdcifvkyfol t&JpGefYum/ opömonfom oufaownhf? opömwkdifwnfjyKavbd/

Ä

(t&Sif\om; rSefygvQif? wnfavmh rkd;aumif;uif/ t&Sif\om; r[kwfygu? ajrokdY jyKwfíus/)

Ä

okdYajymNyD;u csufcsif;yif? rkd;ay:ajrmufí ypfvkdufvQif/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ aemufvkdufaemufyg&[ef;rsm;jzihf rif;tdrfodkY <uavonf / rif ; BuD ; uk d ]]0gobcwå d , m}} tb,frSmenf;[kar;\/ rif;BuD;vnf; jzpf aMumif ; uk e f p if u k d b k & m;tm; avQmuf \ / xk d t cg bk & m;&S i f u 0gobcwå d , monf rnfol\orD; enf;[k xyfíar;\/ rif;BuD;u Ä (t&Sifrif;BuD; r[memrf omuD0ifrif;\orD;jzpfygonf[k uREkfyfu oif\om;wnf;/ avQmuf\/ olonf rnfolYxHodkYvmoenf;[k tuREkfyftm; oifarG;jrLygavmh? ar;jyef&m rif;BuD;u uREkfyfxHokdY vmygonf[k t&Sifrif;BuD;onf wpfjcm;aomvlwkdYtm;vQif arG;jrL avQmuf \ / xk d t cg bk & m;&S i f u rif ; BuD ; d monf rif;\orD;wnf;/ rif;\ onfjzpfvsuf om;jzpfoluREkfyftm; 0gobcwå, orD ; onf rif ; ok d Y o mvm\/ rif ; tm;jzih f bmaMumihf rarG;jrLEkdif&ygoenf;/) om;uk d & \/ ¤if ; om;rS m rnf o nf h t wG u f aMumihf tz\Opömjzpfaom wkdif;EkdifiH\t&Sif Ä w&m;enf;vrf;usepGm? om;awmfarmifu ajymaomtcg/ ae&mokdY ra&muf&oenf;[k ajymum a&S;rif; wkdY\taMumif;ukdqufí ajymjyawmfrlav bk&ifBuD;u tckrS? onf/ tjrifrSefol&/ a&S;tcgu Am&mPoDjynfü jA[®'wf rif;pk;d pH\/ rif;onf wpfaeYaomtcgü O,smOf Ä bk&ifBuD;u vufjzefYum? awmfoYdk upm;xGuv f m\/ O,smOfawmftwGi;f vmavmhcspfom; ac:av&m/ vSnv fh nfomG ;vmae&mrS awmtkyw f pfae&mü tm;vkH;0kdif;um vufawGqefY? xif;acGaeaom oli,frukdjrif\/ jrifjrifcsif; vufaygif;wpfaxmifjzefY/ yif cspBf uKu d rf í d xko d il ,frxHcsO;f uyfí &if;ES;D Ä b,favmufjzefYjzefY vufawGay:? atmifjyKNyD; oH0gojyKrdMuonf/ xkdcPi,f twGif;rSmyif xkdxif;acGolr\0rf;ü y#doaE¨ rqif;oufom;awmf/ pGJ\/ xkdtaMumif;udk rif;BuD;ukd avQmufwif zcifvufay: rSefr,Gif;? aomf rif;BuD;u ¤if;\vufpGyfukd xkdoli,fr om;awmfarmif oufqif;/ tm; cRwfíay;\/ odkYay;½kHomru olrukd þodrYk mS cJo h nf/ rde;f uav;arG;u xkv d ufpyG u f dk Ä bk&ifrif;jrwf 0rf;ajrmufpGm? xkcGJa&mif;csí toufarG;rIjyKyg/ tu,fí om;awmftdrfa&SUt&may;um? a,musf m ;av;arG ; cJ h r l þvuf p G y f u k d , l í awm&Gmol vS,rif;? eef;awmfwGif;okdY vkdufvmcJhacs[k rSmcJhav rdzk&m;BuD; t&mESif;/ / onf/ ,ck¤if;rSmcJhonhftwkdif; xif;acGor om;trdwdkY vmcJhacsNyD/ vlykHtv,fü xif;acG twdwf\ykH&dyf ]u|0g[e} Zmwfukd jrwfpGmbk&m; oru ¤if;ESihftwlygvmaomuav;ukd t&Sihf ocif aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;okH;ae om;[k qkd&m rif;BuD;u þuav;ukd igrod[k awmfrlpOf ]0gobcwåd,m} ukd taMumif;jyKí qk d \ / xk d Y a Mumih f uav;i,f \ trd u Y dk ay;cJah om vufpyG af wmfudk rif;Bu;D a[mawmfrljcif;jzpfonf/ 0gobcwåd,monf rif;Bu;D olu r[memrf omuD0ifrif;\orD;jzpf\/ em*rk@ tm;jyí þvufpGyfonf rnfol\ vufpGyf trnf&Sd uRefr\0rf;rS arG;jcif;jzpf\/ olonf enf;[k ar; jyef&m rif;BuD;u 'g igh[mr[kwf? aumovrif;BuD;\ rdzk&m;BuD;jzpfvmonf/ igrod[k qufíqkd\/ xkdtcg xif;acGor 0gobcwåd,monf xkdrif;jzihf om;ukdzGm;\/ trdu igü opömw&m;rSvGJí wpfjcm;aom 0d##LbtrnfwGif\/ xkdokdY om;ukdzGm;NyD;rS tm;uk d ; &m ouf a or&S d N yD / opö m onf o m rif;BuD;onf 0gobcwåd,m\ uRefrtjzpfukd tm;ukd;&mjzpfonf[kqkdvsuf vltm;vkH;\ odoGm;onf/ xkdtcg ¤if;ukdvnf; rdzk&m;BuD; a&SUarSmufü opömjyK\/ þuav;onf rif;BuD;\om;awmf t&mrS y,f? om;awmf 0d##Lbtm;vnf; tppftrSefjzpfu aumif;uifüwnfygapom;? t&mrScs\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;um; ,if;jzpfpOftm;vk;H tu,fí rif;BuD;\om;r[kwfcJhrl þuav; f usygapom; [k opöm uk d od a wmf r l í wrif w um eH e uf t cgü onf ajrtjyifoYkd jyKwí ajrjyifukd jyefrus? xuf0,fzGJUacG om;armifvS? aumif;uifxufu w&m;jy? bk&ifrif;jrwf em;awmf&/

39

qkdvsuf uav;\ajcESpfacsmif;ukd ukdifajr§muf vsuf rdcifonf ol\cspfvSpGmaomom;i,fukd aumif;uifokdY ypfwifvkdufonf/ olYom;i,f onf atmuf&yfajrjyifokdY jyefíjyKwfusjcif; r&SdbJ yuwdwnfNidrfaom rsufESmawmfjzifh aumif;uifü xuf0,fzGJUacGpHaeawmfrlav onf/ xkdokdY aumif;uifxufü xuf0,f zGJUacGpHy,fawmfae&if;rS xkduav;onf zcif bk&ifBuD;tm; ajymjyqkH;rawmfrlonf/ t&Sif rif;BuD; uREkfyfonf t&Sifrif;BuD;\om;wnf;? uREkfyftm; oifarG;jrLygavmh/ wkdif;jynf\ t&Sifocifjzpfaomrif;BuD;onf tjcm;tjcm; aomolwdkYtm; arG;jrLygvsuf om;awmft&if; jzpfaom rdrdukd tb,fhaMumifh arG;jrLjcif;rjyK &ygoenf;[k qkdavonf/ þwGifrS rif;BuD;vnf; todw&m;& um ]]cspfom; vmavmh? oifhukd igarG;jrLtHh}} [k qkdum vufukdjzefYíBuKd\/ tjcm;vlrsm; uvnf ; vuf a ygif ; wpf a xmif u k d j zef Y í yif rif;om;i,ftm; BuKdqkdMu\/ okdYaomf aumif; uif x uf ü xuf 0 ,f z G J U acG p H y ,f a eaom rif;om;i,fonf zcif\vufay:odkYomvQif oufqif;awmfrlonf/ xkdtcgrS rif;BuD;vnf; om;awmfukd tdrfa&SUt&may;um om;awmf\ trdjzpfolukdum; rdzk&m;BuD;t&mudk tyfESif; awmfrlyg onf/ zcifrif;BuD; ewf&GmpHaomf tdrfa&SUpH om;awmfu um|0g[e emrnfjzifh rif;jyK\/ Zmwfaygif;aomf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aumovrif;BuD;tm; þ"r®a'oemukd a[m Mum;NyD; pum;oaE¨ukdpyfí ,cktcg r[m rm,monf [dkpOftcgu trd? ,ck oka'¨g'e rif;Bu;D um; [kpd Oftcgu tz? ,ck igbk&m;rSm [kdpOf tcgu u|0g[erif;BuD;jzpfcJhzl;\ [k Zmwf aygif;awmfrlygonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; uk d ; u|0g[eZmwf ig;&mhig;q,feyd gwfawmf(anmifuefq&mawmf)

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vlorl eD; r[mNrKd ifawmeufBu;D xJrS 0e0goD

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xH tzl;tajrmfc&D;wpfacguf tykdif;(3) "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f )

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ab&D o a'´ g wd * g0k a um? arCoa'´ g wd a ,mZem/ 'ge 'gqumrm taEÅ m ? oD v taEÅ m tued | m/

arwå m p teEÅ H avmuH ? oAÁ d ' H a r y&d r meH / od u d © | meH uwG m bmaZ? vbEÅ K ok ' ¨ oD w av/ ab&D o a'´ g =pnfBuD;wD;oH? [D;[D;nHonfum;? wd * g0k a um =oHk;*g0kwftydkifjy? rkdiftm;jzihf ig;rdkifrQom Mum;od cGifh &&Sdapygonfbk&m;/ arCoa'´ g =rkwfoHkavwef? rdk;rmefay;csKef;&mrSjzpfaom a&cdk; avcdk;av;rsm;\ ajy;oHykef;oHrsm;onfum;? wd a ,mZem =oHk;,lepftydkifjy? rkdiftm;jzihf ESpfq,hfav;rdkifrQ om Mum;odcGihf&&SdMuygonfbk&m;/ 'ge'g =ol a umif ; vrf ; azmuf ? o'¨ g prf ; ayguf & mrS xdk;azmuf oGm; aom 0rf;ajrmufoHonfum;? qumrmtaEÅ m ="mwf&nfawmufyrmP? ewfjynfajcmufxyfrQom ygbk&m;/ oD v taEÅ m =olonfudk,hfaMumihf pdk;raESmihfap? rarSmihfapaom oDvapmihfxdef;jcif;rSjzpfaom &m*ga'govTrf;rdk; jcif;rS wdk;xGufoGm;onfh yJhwifoHonfum;/ tued | m =½kyfemrfESpf0 pHkygMuonfh jA[®mhxdyfacgif? tued| bHkwdkifatmifygbk&m;/ arwå m p =&m*a'go½dk;arwåmvTrf;rdk;? jzefYusuf&mrS ysHUxGuf oGm;onfh arwåm"mwfvdIif;oHBuD;onfum;? teEÅ H =ta&SUrStaemuf ra&mufae&mr&Sdyg/ teEÅpMu 0Vm/ awmifrSae ajrmufra&mufae&mr&Sdyg/ teEÅpMu0Vm/ txuf rSatmuf? ra&mufae&m r&Sdyg/ teEÅpMu0Vm/ e,fusOf;uG,faysmuf [if ; vif ; ayguf t xd ra&muf a e&m r&S d o m? teEÅpMu0Vm/ pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y