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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

3

"r®vTrf;aom jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI ]qH k ; rrI u d k c H , l í ,Of a us;NyD ; aom qif ? jrif ; ponf u d k vl p k v l a 0;&S d & m yG J o bif o d k Y aqmif , l M uuk e f \ / ,Ofaus;NyD;aom qifjrif; ponfudkom bk&ifrif;jrwfonf pD;awmfrl\/ vGefusL;apmfum;aom pum;udkonf;cHEkdifaom ol o nf v nf ; ,Of a us;NyD ; jzpf í vl t aygif ; wd k Y w G i f tjrwf q H k ; jzpf \ / ("r® "r® y '=321 '=321) Ak'¨\ þqHk;rpum;t& þavmuwGif ,Ofaus;aomoludkom vltaygif;u vdkvm;vufcHonf? ½dkif;pdkif;aom oludk vufrcH aom oabmudkod&ygonf/ ½dkif;pdkif;aom oludk ,Ofaus;atmifjyKrIwGif "r®,Ofaus;rIudk &&SdzdkY onf tajccHusvSygonf/ þavmuwGif vlonf todÓPf t&SdqHk;owå0gjzpfí "r®todnmPfudk od&Sd em;vnfoabmaygufMuygu twdkif;xuf tvGef ,Ofaus;olrsm;jzpfMuygrnf/ Ak'b ¨ momtygt0if bmomtm;vH;k ü ud, k ?f EIw?f ESv;kH oH;k yg;vH;k ESifh ywfoufaom um,uH,Ofaus;rIjzpfaom vlBu;D olrESifh awGUaomtcg ae&mrSxay;jcif;? c&D;OD; BudKqdkjcif;? t½dktaoay;jcif;? wdk;a0SUí raejcif;? oihfaomae&mü xdkifjcif;ESihf ay;urf; jcif;? &,ljcif;qdkif&müvnf; ra0;vGef;? reD;vGef;taetxm;jzihf ajcpHk&yfí jzpfap? 'l;ESpfbufaxmufí jzpfap? vufESpfbuf jzihaf y;urf;jcif;? &,ljcif;udk aqmif&u G rf rI sm;? 0pDu, H Ofaus;rIjzpfaom vli,fu vlBu;D \trnfukd ac:a0:oH;k EIe;f rIrjyKjcif;? (trnfukd ac:a0:oHk;EIef;jcif;onf ½dkif;jyrI jzpf\/) t&G,ftvdkuf zdk;zdk;? zGm;zGm;? OD;av;? OD;BuD;? a':a':? udkudk? rr? nDav;? nDrav; ponfjzihf ac:a0:oHk;EIef;jcif;? vlBuD;u vli,fudk ac:aomtcgrSm cifAsm? &Sif? uRefr? uRefawmf om;orD;paom toHk;tEIef;jzihfom oHk;EIef;jcif; pum;oHwGif rus,fvGef; rwdk;vGef; arwåmESihf,SOfaom toHyg&jcif;rsm;? raemuH? ,Ofaus;rIwnf;[laom vlwdkif; vl w d k i f ; wG i f rd r d w d k Y \ ud k , f w G i f ; ü tod w &m;ES i h f tusih f w&m;rsm;wnf e m;apjcif ; ? xk d o k d Y wnf e m;ap&ef "r® , Of a us;rI vTrf;xm;&efvdktyfygonf/ raemuHqkdif&mqkH;rcsufjzpfaom cEÅDw&m;udk tajccHxm;í arwåmw&m;ESihf ,SOfaom pdwf"mwfudk arG;jrLxm;wwf&jcif;? um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH ,Ofaus;rIrsm;&SdaeygrS twdkif; xuftvGefjzpfaom ,Ofaus;rI&Sdolrsm;jzpfMu ygrnf/ þavmuwGif vlrIqufqHa&; e,fy,fonf tvGefus,fjyefYvSygonf/ vlvwfydkif; qufqHa&;? vlBuD;ESihfvli,f qufqHa&;[lí &SdMuav&m vlvwfydkif;ESihf ywfoufí um,uH,Ofaus;rIü &G,fwl tcsif;csif;jzpfygu wef;wl qufqHwwf&jcif;? aerIxdkifrI? oGm;rI? vmrI? udpörsm;ü wajy;nD qufqH&onf/ {nfhonfjzpfygu tav;xm; OD;pm;ay;&ygrnf/ 0pDuH ,Ofaus;rIü rif;? ig? usKyf? [k roHk;bJ cifAsm;? uRefawmf? &Sif? uRefr[lí om oHk;jcif;? ajymqdk&jcif;? at;? tif;? ponfroHk;bJ [kwfuJh? [kwfyg\/ rSefyg\? aumif;yg\ponfjzihf oHk;EIef;ajymqdkjcif;/ raemuH,Ofaus;rIü cEÅD? arwåm? pdwf"mwfarG;jrLí tcsif;csif;qufqH&ygrnf/ þodkYaomqufqHrIrsKd;onf "r®vTrf;rdk;aom vlvwfydkif; ,Ofaus;rIjzpfygonf/ vli,fydkif;ü vlBuD;u vli,fESihf qufqH&mwGif redrfhusvGef;aom qufqHa&; jzihf qufqH&jcif;? vli,fESihf oihfavsmfaom ae&may;&jcif;? vspv f sL½IrI ypfy,fr?I raxrJjh rif jyKrrI &Sb d J tav;xm;aqmif&u G af y;&jcif;? 0pDuH ,Ofaus;rIwiG f [dak umif? 'Daumif[l aom a0g[m&udk roHk;bJ armif&if? om;? orD; armifb,fol rb,fol ponfjzihf ac:a0:oHk; pGJMu&ygrnf/ vlaY vmuü yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D wpfa,muf onf odp&m usipfh &m (2)rsK;d udk rdru d , kd w f iG ;f ü tm;xkwx f m;ygu "r®,Ofaus;rIvrT ;f aom jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI jzpfvmygrnf/ xdkYaMumihf ,aeYjrefrmEkdifiHol EkdifiH om;rsm;onf "r®vTrf;rdk;aom ,Ofaus;rIukd xdef;odrf;xm;&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkYrSom at;Nidrf;csrf;om om,maomb0ukd cHpm;Ekdif Muayrnf/ xkdodkYcHpm;Ekdif&ef Ak'¨\"r®udkavhvm tm;xkwfusihfoHk;Muyg&ef tav;teuf wku d x f eG ;f tyfygonf/ t,f ' D w m

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

"r® 0D& rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z) (u) ]"r®0D&} onf ygVda0g[m&jzpfonf/ ]"r®} [laom yk'Ef iS fh ]0D&} [laomyk'u f kd aygif;pyf xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]"r®0D&} [laom tvGefcefY nm;aom trnfjzpfonf/ tvGefaumif;jrwf aomtrnfjzpfonf/ ]"r®-w&m;+0D&-&J&ihjf cif;? (&J&ihfol) vHkYvjyKol[lí t"dyÜg,f&onf/ ]"r®0&D } w&m;ESiyfh wfoufí &J&iho f l vHv Yk jyKol [k qdk&avonf/ (ygVdtbd"mef) &Sif;ygonf/ ]"r®} [lonf ]t"r®} r[kwjf cif;jzpfonf/ t"r® oabmawGa&maESm aewwfaom a[m'D avmuDvlYbHkb0BuD;wGif ]a[m'g"r® } [k &J & ih f pG m ñT e f j yaeonf h oabmudkaqmifayonf/ ]0D&} onf Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif\ *kPfyk'f wpfckvnf;jzpfaejyefonf/ ]0D&}- &J&ihaf wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;?

0D&-vHkYvBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;[lí tmvkyfyk'frsm;udk *gxm? a'oemawmfrsm;wGif rsm;pGmawGUEkdifonf/ ]"r®} yk'f\ teuftzGihfudk yd#uwfawmfwdkYü ajrmufjrm;pGm awGU&Sd&onf/ "r®y'? t|uxm (yxr)tkyfü ]"r®wd*kP a'o em y&d,wdå edówå edZDÆ0 0aoe pwåma&m "r®memr} [kjyxm;onf/ t"dygÜ ,frmS

t zGihf ]"r® } [l o nf *k P f ? a'oemÓPf a wmf ? y&d,wdåpmay? owå0gr[kwf? ZD0r[kwfaom oabmw&m;rsm;jzpf\/ "r®ESihf t"r® "r®? t"r®cjJG cm;csurf sm;udk Ak'j¨ rwfpmG a'oemawmfü ajrmufjrm;pGma[mMum;xm;yg onf / tvG , f w ul cG J j cm;rS w f o m;&ef r S m okp½dkuf 10 yg;onf "r®jzpfNyD;? 'kp½dkuf 10 yg; onf t"r®jzpfonf/ okp½dkuf 10 yg;rSm um,okp½dkuf 3 yg;? (um,uHoHk;yg;)? 0pD okp½dkuf 4 yg;? (0pDuHav;yg;)? raemokp½dkuf 3 yg;? (raemuHoHk;yg;)wdkYudk usihfoHk;jcif;jzpf onf / um,uH ? 0pD u H ? raemuH [ l a om uHoHk;yg;rSm xif&Sm;ojzihf tus,fw0ihf razmf jyawmhyg/ 'kp½dkuf 10 yg;rSm um,'kp½dkuf 3 yg;? (um,uHoHk;yg;usL;vGefjcif;)? 0pD'kp½dkuf 4 yg;? (0pDuaH v;yg; usL;vGejf cif;) raem'kp½du k f 3 yg;? (raemuHoHk;yg;udk usL;vGefjcif;)wdkYjzpf onf/ "r® E S i h f t"r® w d k Y \ vm&mES i h f vm;&m e[d"ar®m t"ar®mp?

Oabmor 0dygudaem/ t"ar®med&,H aewd?

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yg&rD yg&rD[lonf tepfemcHjcif;tay:ü wnfaqmufrSjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh rnfrQBuD;rm;aom aumif;rIrsm;udkvkyfvkyf tepfemcHjcif;oabmrygvQif ,if;vkyif ef;onf yg&rDtjzpfodkYra&muf/ omrefukokdvftjzpfom &yfwnf\/ tepfemcHjcif;[lonfrSm trsm;twGuf rdrd\udk,fusKd;udkpGefYjcif;jzpf\? rdrd\b0udkpaw;jcif;jzpf\/ tepfemcHjcif;onf BuD;rm;aomtmEkabmf&Sd\/ xdktmEkabmfaMumifh yg&rD[lonf rdrdtwGufepfemojzihf toGiftm;jzihf rESpfNrdKUzG,fjzpfaomfvnf; avmutwGuf tESpfom&tm;jzihf ]pH} tjzpf jrwfEkd;zG,fjzpf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) acrmax&D 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf &mZN*Kd[fjynf a0VK0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg AdrÁdom&rif;\ t*¾ra[oD acrma'0Drdzk&m; onf tqif ; vS j cif ; jzih f rmef & pf v suf bk&m;xHodkY w&m;emrvm? eef;awmfüom tvSjyifíae\/ wpfaeYaomtcg a0VK0ef O,smOf a wmf \ ½I c sif p zG , f vG e f w ih f w ,f í arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aMumif; owif;pum; Mum;í a0VK0efO,smOf Munhfvm&mwGif bk&ihf trdefYjzihf pdwfrygbJ bk&m;xHa&mufvmojzifh tqif ; rmef & pf aeaom acrmrd z k & m;uk d taMumif ; jyKí ]]a, &m*&wå m Ek y wEÅ d aomwH}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/

acrmrdzk&m; &[ef;jyKNyD; vQif t&[wåzkdvf üwnfí vusfmawmf&H t*¾om0dumtjzpfodkY a&mufav\/

"ar®mygaywd ok*wd H? (aewdåygVd awmf 157) "r®ESihf t"r®wdkYonf rwl uGJjym; jcm;em;Mu\/ "r®onf ok*wdbo kH Ykd ydaYk qmif\/ t"r®onf i&JokdYydkYaqmifay\/ ]]ed&,H ygyur®EÅm? yknur®m p ok*wd H}} (o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf? aumov oH ,kwf? t,sdumokwf)raumif;rIjyKolwdkYonf i&JodkYusukef\/ aumif;rIukokdvfjyKvkyfolwkYd onf ewfjynfok*wdodkY a&mufukef\/ (c) Ak'¨bk&m; 45 0gywfvHk;? a[mMum; awmfrlcJhaom "r®a'oemawmfrsm;udk cGJjcrf; pdwfjzmMunhfvQif yd#utm;jzihf oHk;yHk? edum,f tm;jzihf ig;&yf? t*Fgtm;jzihf udk;wef? "r®u©E¨m aygif ; tm;jzih f &S p f a omif ; av;axmif t xd rsm;ajrmifpGm&Sdayonf? ]0drkwdå&o} [laom vGwaf jrmufr&I otaetm;jzihu f m; wpfyg;om &Sdonf/ ]{aum"ar®m} jzpfonf/ "r®? 0de, taejzihfcGJvQifrl ESpfyg;jzpf\/ (þwGif "r®ü okweå Ef iS fh tbd"r®momyg0if\/ 0denf;rygacs/ þum;rSwfcsuf) yd#uwfo;kH yH?k edum,fig;&yf? t*Fgud;k wef? "r®uE© m¨ &Spaf omif;av;axmifponfwu Ykd kd rl pmrsufESmudkiJhítus,fcsJUrjyawmhyg/

"r® w &m;*k P f a wmf 6 yg; ]"r®} ac: w&m;awmfwGif xl;jcm; aom *kPfawmf 6 yg;ESifh jynhfpHkonf? ,if; ajcmufyg;rSmoGmu©mw*kPfawmf-tp? tv,f?

1/ tqH;k ? aumif;jcif;oH;k jzmESijfh ynhpf NkH y;D aumif;pGm a[mMum;xm;awmfrljcif;? oEd|´ u d *kPaf wmf-rsufarSmufb0ü 2/ vufiif;(csrf;omrI)tusKd;udkay;Ekdifjcif;? tumvdu *kPfawm 3/ wmf-tcsdefumv ra&G;? tusKd;ay;jcif;? {[d y ód u *k P f a wmf - vmvS n h f ?

4/ MunhfvSnhf? ½IvSnhf[k zdwfMum;xm;jcif;?

Moyae,su d *kPaf wmf-uyfíaqmif 5/ jcif;? w&m;apmihfoludkw&m;u jyefvnfapmihf a&Smufay;jcif;? ypöwåHa0'dwaAÁm0dnL[d*kwfawmf6/ usihfoHk;ol olawmfaumif;wdkYtoD;oD; odjrif cHpm;cGihf&&Sd jcif;wdkYjzpfavonf/ rdrdwdkYusihfoHk;aeaom usihfpOfrsm; onf "r® j zpf o avm? t"r® j zpf o avm apmaMumppfaq;MunhfEkdifMuap&ef "r®0w¬K? t"r®0w¬Krsm;udkvnf; odxm;oihfayonf/ t"r® 0 w¬ K 18 rsKd ; 1/ w&m;r[kwfonfudk w&m;[kajym qdkjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

a, &m*&wåm EkywEÅd aomwH? o,H uwH ruú#aum0 ZmvH/ {wrÜd aqwGme 0ZEÅd "D&m? teayu©daem oAÁH 'ku©H y[m,/ jref r muAsm yifhulao;Ek ukd,fjyKavjyef? yihfultdrfwGif; oufqif;ykH[ef? wPSmrufarm a&aMumepfjyef? ynm&Sd jzwfbd wPSmrSef?

riJhuGufbJ qif;&Jylyef? y,fpGefYí oGm;avh&Sdavjyef/ They who are infatuated with lust fall back into the stream as a spider on its self-spun web; this too the wise cut off and wander, with no longing, giving up all sorrow.

pum;ajy/ / yihfulonf rdrdjyKtyfaom yihu f t l rd o f Ykd oufqif;(jyefa&muf)ouJo h Ykd &m* wyfruf taecufaomolwdkYonf (rdrdjyKtyf aom) wPSma&vsOo f Ykd oufqif;usa&mufuek f \/ ynm&SdwdkYonf þwPSmukdvnf; y,fjzwf í iJhuGufjcif;r&SdbJ cyfodrf;aom qif;&Jukd pGeYfy,fvsuf (vSnhfvnf)oGm;Muukef\/

2/ w&m;("r®)udk rw&m; (t"r®)[k a[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

3/ 0denf;r[kwfonfudk 0denf;[k a[m ajymjcif;? a&;om;jzefYa0jcif;?

4/ 0denf;udk 0denf;r[kwf[k a[majym jcif;? a&;om;jzefYa0jcif;?

5/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;? ra[mMum;cJo h nfu h kd a[m Mum;cJhonf[k a[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

6/ Ak'¨bk&m;a[mMum;cJhonfudk ra[m Mum;cJh[k a[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

7/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;? ravhusit fh yfonfukd avh usihfonf[ka[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif; 8/ Ak'¨bk&m;avhusihftyfonfudk ravh usihf[ka[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

9/ Ak'b ¨ &k m; rynwftyfonfukd ynwf onf[ka[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

10/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;? ynwftyfonfukd rynwf [ka[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

11/ tmywf(tjypf)roiho f nfukd tmywf (tjypf)oihfonf[kajymjcif;? a&;jcif;?

12/ tmywf(tjypf)oifhonfudk tmywf (tjypf)roihf[k a[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

13/ aygYaom (v[ku) tmywfudk av; aom (*½ku)tmywf[k ajymjcif;? a&;jcif;?

14/ av;aom(*½ku)tmywfukd aygYaom pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

(5)ESpfajrmuftBudKtxl;xkwf

yg&rDjznfhzufwkdY\ vm&mESifh vm;&m (arwåmayrESifh avmucspfol- wuúokdvf- vdIifMunfjzLokdY) &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H )

wuú o k d v f v d I i f M unf j zL

avmu\tñTet Yf zl; txl;jrwfq;kH . . . jzpf a om Ak ' ¨ w &m;awmf tppf t rS e f w k d Y a0a0qmqm zl;yGiafh eaom vdiI Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywdkufrS ig;ES p f a jrmuf "r® 0 D & *sme,f ]txl ; xk w f } twG u f txl ; aqmif ; yg; wpfyk'fa&;ay;yg&ef awmif;qdkvmaomtcg pma&;olrSm...]]acwf pum;ESihfajym&vQif ikwfwkwfarhoGm;onf}} odkYaomf omoemjyK pma&;olwpfa,muftaeESihf pdwaf ysm?h ZGaJ vsm?h arh a vsmh u maeírl rjzpf ? "r® 0 D & *sme,f t wG u f x l ; jcm;aom pmwpf y k ' f a&;jzpfatmif awG;awm BuHpnf&onf/ xdkodkY awG;awmBuHpnf&if; pma&;q&mr wuúodkvf vdIifMunfjzL (odkY) a':trmwif(eDrm)? 2004 ckESpf? Edk0ifbm (20)&ufaeYn uG,fvGefvkeD; tcsdefü tm;wif;um vlowå0grsm; tusKd; pD;yGm;twGuf olrçusifhokH;cH,lonfhtwkdif; ajymMum;oG m ;cJ h a om pum;pk a v;tm; a':trmwif\ ]ol} u ol\ ]jzwfoef;csdef wd k i f ; yg&rD j zpf y gapawmh . ..} [l a om aqmif;yg; wGif trSwfw& azmfjycJhonfudk jyefvnf owd &vdkufrdonf\ wpfcPwGif

]]vl w d k i f ; ? owå 0 gwd k i f ; twG u f ol w d k Y & J U jyKvk y f r I u H u ? ol w d k Y & J U oH o &m c&D ; (taumif ; tqd k ; )ud k xyf c syf r uG m tqHk;tjzwfjyKwmjzpfvdkY vlwdkif;? owå0g wd k i f ; ? tawG ; rS m ;? tjrif r S m ;? tajymrS m ;? tvk y f r S m ;r&S d & atmif uRef r wd k Y owd a y; tod a y;&if ; b0jzwf o ef ; csd e f w ef z d k ; ud k jr§ihfwifzdkYrvdkbl;vm;}} [kajymMum;cJhaMumif; a':trmwif\ ]ol} u olaY qmif;yg;wGif azmfjy cJhzl;onf/ aotHhrl;rl;vlom;wpfOD;\ xkdpum; tpkonf pma&;ol\ pdwfESvkH;wGif jyufjyuf xifxif pJGwifusef&pfcJhzl;yg\/ xkdpum;pk onfyif ,ckawmhþpmukda&;&ef yJhwifoH tjzpf M um;ae&ygonf / xd k a zmf j ycJ h a om pum;t&? pma&;q&mr wuú o d k v f vdIifMunfjzL onf wu,fawmh arwåmayrESihf avmuud k cspf w wf o l wpf a ,muf j zpf aeonf / ]vk Z Æ w d yvk Z Æ w D w d avmaum}} [laom 0dN*dK[ft& avmu[lonf vlowå0g rsm;yifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf olronf avmuudk cspf&mü wPSmayrESihfrcspf? a*[ódwayr

avmu avmuudk wnfNidrfatmifvkyfonfh w&m;pkudk ]"r®}[kac:\/ avmuudk rwnfNidrfatmifvkyfonfh w&m;pkudk ]t"r®}[kac:\/ xdkYaMumihf "r®EiS t fh "r®onf avmuü xm0pOfqefYusifMu\/ tcsif;csif; qefYusifaeaomaMumifhyif avmuonf jzpfay:aejcif;jzpf\/ odkYjzpfav&m avmu[lonf "r®ESihft"r®wkdYppfcif;&m ppfajrjyifjzpf\/

ESihfvnf; rcspf? arwåmayrESihfom avmuudk cspfcJhavoljzpfonf/ ]arwåm} qdkaom ygVdpum;udk a&S; q&mwdkYu ]cspfjcif;} [lí jrefrmpum;jzihf teufjyefqdkcJhMu\/ ]ayr} [laom ygVdpum; udkvnf; jrefrmbmompum;jzihf ]cspfjcif;} [l íyifteufjyefqdkcJhMu\/ ]arwåm} [laom pum;\teuf ]cspfjcif;} qdkonfrSm 0daoo jzpfí ]ayr} [laom pum;\ teufcspfjcif; um; omrnjzpfonf/ xdkoabmt& usrf;*ef wdüYk (1) wPSmayr? (2) a*[ódwayr (3) arwåmayr [lí oH;k rsK;d cGjJ cm;jyqdx k m;onf/ ,if;oH;k rsK;d wGif (1) wPSmayr qdkonfrSm trsKd;orD;wdkYESihf trsKd ; om;wd k Y t csif ; csif ; wPS m avmb\ tpG r f ; jzih f cspf B ud K uf M ujcif ; ud k a c: \/ ,if;wPSmayrudk tvuFmusrf;ürl ]od*Fg&} [kvnf;ac:qdkonf/ (2) a*[ódwayr qdkonfum; rdbESihfom; orD;? nDESihftpfudk? armifESihfESrwdkY tcsif;csif; cspfcifwG,fwmrIudk a*[ódwayr[k ac:

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ onf / wpf e nf ; qd k & aomf td r f ü twl w uG aexdkifMujcif;udk rSDíjzpfaom ]cspfjcif;} jzpfMu í þcspfjcif;ESihfywfoufí tvuFmusrf;u ]0päv}[l íajym\/ ,ckazmfjycJhaom wPSm ayrES i h f a*[ód w ayr ES p f r sKd ; pvH k ; yif ukokdvfw&m; rsm;r[kwf? wPSmayronf wPS m &m*omjzpf N yD ; a*[ód w ayrum; avmbw&m;yifjzpfayonf/ (3) arwå m ayr[l o nf u m; ol w pf y g;wd k Y tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;rIudk vdkvm;aom arwåm rsKd;onf arwåmayrrnfayonf/ ,if;arwåm ayr\ oabmrSmolwpfyg;wdkYESihf rcGJrcGm tNrJwrf;,SOfwGJaevdkjcif;oabm tvsOf;r&Sd? vltcsif;csif; pMu0VmwpfwkdufpDyif a0;uGm aeaomf v nf ; xd k a 0;uG m aeol wpf p H k wpfa,muf\ tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;aerIudk Mum;od&vQif auseyf0rf;ajrmufae\/ twlwuG wpf&yfwpf&Gm? wpfajr wnf; rae&onfhtwGufvnf; cufcJ0efav; jcif;? tvsOf;r&Sd/ xdkYaMumihfjzLpifaom arwåm w&m;onf pifMu,frGefjrwfaomaMumihf ]jA[® 0d [ m&} qd k a omtrnf u d k v nf ; &cJ h \ / ,if;arwåmayrw&m;jzifh usio fh ;kH yGm;rsm;aexdik f MuvQif jrwfaomaexdkifjcif;yifjzpfayonf/ arwå m ayrw&m;ud k jA[® 0 d [ m& w&m;rsm;[kq&kd ouJo h Ykd u½kPmw&m;? rk'w d m w&m;? Oayu©mw&m; oH;k yg;wdo Yk nfvnf; jA[® 0d [ m&w&m;ü tusH K ;0if v suf & S d a yonf / xdkYaMumihfarwåm? u½kPm? rk'dwm? Oayu©m w&m;av;yg;udk jA[®0d[m&w&m;[kqdkjcif;jzpf onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf xdkw&m;av;yg;udk jA[® p k d & f w &m;av;yg;[l í vnf ; ac:qd k \ / t"dyÜg,fum; jA[®=jrwfaom? 0d[m&=aejcif; jzpf\/ þw&m;av;yg;udkyif tyÜrnmw&m; [k v nf ; ac:qd k M uonf / tyÜ r nmw&m; oabmrSm ta&twGuf rEdIif;,SOftyfaom owå0grsm;tay: jzpfyGm;aom w&m;rsm;[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdavonf/ oHk;q,hfwpfbHkom; owå0grsm;tm; cspfjcif;arwåmw&m; yGm;rsm;&rnfqdk&mü rpif Mu,faom wPSmayrcspfjcif;? a*[ódwcspf jcif;arwåmwdkYudk ryGm;rsm;&bJ arwåmayr pif Mu,f r G e f j rwf v S a om arwå m w&m;ud k o m yGm;rsm;Mu&rnfjzpfayonf/ arwåm[lonf y&rw¬? razmufrjyef aomtm;jzihf xif&Sm;&Sdaumif;onfh oabm w&m;yifjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif y&rw¬? razmuf jyefaomw&m;wdkYudk wpfckpD? wpfckpD xkwfazmf

í a&wGuf&mwGifum; ]arwåmw&m;} [lí oD;jcm;rjybJ tç a'go apwoduftaejzihf azmf j y\/ arwå m w&m;\ w&m;ud k , f r S m tça'go apwodufjzpfaomaMumihfwnf;/ usrf;*efom"ujyqdk&aomf.../ tça'go apwodufonf tbd"r®m oN*ØK[fusrf;tvdkt& aombPpdwf(59)yg; vH;k ESi, fh OS \ f / aombPpdw(f 59)yg;wdYk jzpfwikd ;f jzpfwdkif; tça'goapwodufygvsuf&Sd\/ tç a'gow&m;onf tm½HktrsKd;rsKd;udk tm½HkjyKEkdif \/ arwåmw&m;[lonfum; owå0gynwf wpfrsKd;wnf;udkom tm½HkjyKEkdifayonf/ 'gerItrsK;d rsK;d jyKvyk &f müvnf;aumif; oD v trsKd ; rsKd ; aqmuf w nf u sih f o H k ; Mu&mü vnf;aumif;? tç a'go yg&onfcsnf;jzpf\/ odaYk omf ,if;tça'gojzpfwikd ;f tça'go ygwdik ;f arwåm[lí rrSwf&/ oHk;q,hfwpfbHkom;jzpf onfh owå0gynwfudk tm½HkjyKum ]owå0grsm; csrf;omygap} pojzihf owå0gwdkY\ tusKd;pD; yGm;csrf;omudk vdkvm;aom tjcif;t&mrsm;jzihf tça'go apwoduf-aphaqmfrI arwåmjzpfrS om xdt k ça'go apwoduu f akd rwåm[k ac:qdk &\/ arwåmESihf ywfoufíarwåmw&m; (528)yg;&Sdonf[k trsm;ajymqdktodtrSwf jyKxm;Muonf/ pifppfrSm arwåmw&m;udk,fu (528)rsKd;&SdaeaomaMumihfr[kwf/ y#dordÇ'gr*f ygVdawmfüvm&So d nfh twdik ;f arwåmydo Yk yGm;rsm; &rnfh enf;vrf;aygif; (528)rsKd;&Sdaeonfh twGufaMumihf arwåm(528)yg;[laom pum; acwfpm;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (528) oG , f a rwå m jzpf y G m ;yH k r S m yk*Kd¾ vo f wå0gwdu Yk kd tydik ;f tjcm; rxm;jcif;wnf; [laom taem"do (5)rsKd;&Sd\/ ,if;wdkYrSm(1) oaAÁ o wå m = tvH k ; pH k a om owå 0 gawG ?

(2)oaAÁygPm=tvHk;pHkaom touf & S d o nf h t &mawG ?

(3) oaAÁ b l w m=tvH k ; pH k a om ud k , f x if & S m ;&S d onf h o wå 0 gawG ?

(4) oaAÁyk*¾avm= tvHk;pHkaom yk * ¾ d K vf a wG ?

(5) oaAÁ t wå b m0y&d , myEé m tvH k ; pH k ud k , f t wå a bmtwG i f ; tusH K ; 0if a eaom t&mawG ponf h ig;rsKd ; onf taem"d o ig;rsKd ; yif j zpf o nf / oHk;q,hfwpfbHktwGif;&Sd&SdorQ owå 0gawGukd taem"do ig;rsK;d &So d nft h euf wpfrsK;d

7

rsKd;jzihf ac:qdkí pdwfuñTwfudkif;vdkufvQif tvHk;pHkr<uif;rusefyg0ifukefawmh\/ taem"d oig;rsKd;wGif ryg0ifaom owå0g[lí r&Sd aomaMumihf þig;rsK;d udk taem"doyk*Kd¾ vif g;rsK;d [kac:&\/ (rSwfcsuf=taem"do [laom ygVdü yg&Sdonfh ]Mo"do'´g} onf tydkif;tjcm;[laom teufudka[m\/ tçaem"do? tydkif;tjcm; rxm;[laom t"dyÜg,fudka[m\/ arwå m ayrES i h f avmuud k c spf o l pma&;q&mr wuú o d k v f vd I i f M unf j zL\ arwåmonf vlowå0grsm;tm; vH;k udk &nfñeT ;f aom txufüazmfjycJhonfh taem"doarwåm l kd wuúov dk -f vnf;jzpfayonf/ cifyeG ;f jzpfou vd I i f M unf j zL ajymMum;cJ h a om pum;rsm; onf ]vl owå0gawG tay:olrç xm;&SdcJh aom arwå m ayr pd w f j zih f vl o wå 0 gawG b0tjrif r S e f M uatmif Ak ' ¨ " r® E S i h f b0 jzwf o ef ; csd e f t usKd ; vS M uatmif aqmif &G u f N yD ; ae&pf v S n h f y g} [l a om oabmjzih f cif y G e f ; jzpf o l u d k tawG ; tjrif 'óeES i h f cspf j rwf E d k ; jycJ h [ ef v nf ; jzpf a yvd r h f r nf .../ rnf o d k Y y if j zpf a p pma&;q&mr wuú o d k v f v d I i f M unf j zL\ cif y G e f ; jzpf a om ]ol } wpf a ,muf ,ck t csd e f r S m pma&; q&mr wuú o d k v f v d I i f M unf j zL\ arwå m ayrud k vuf u d k i f u sih f o H k ; vsuf vl o wå 0 g awG b0jzwf o ef ; pOf b0jr§ i h f w if a &; qdkif&m vdIifMunfjzL "r®0D& pmaywdkufBuD; wnf a xmif v suf "r® 'ge ppf p pf (ax& 0g')jzpf a om Ak ' ¨ \ txl ; xl ; tjym;jym; aom "r® a 'oem yef ; &eH Y r sm;ud k xH k r T r f ; ysH U oif ; aeapvsuf &S d a eavNyD . ../ &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k )

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

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WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

9

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TALKS ABOUT THE TRUESTORY

10

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TALKS ABOUT THE TRUESTORY "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ wdkYudk odrf;qnf;um qGrf;cHr<uawmhbJ uóuvkdif*lxJodkYom <u0if NyD; ]]igonf &[EÅmqkBuD;udk r&orQ þvdkPf*lrS rxGufawmh}} [kyif oEdé|mefcsvdkuf\/ ravsmhaom vHkYv0D&d,jzihf 0dyóemw&m;udk owdrvyf ½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;av&m rGe;f rvGrJ t D csed yf ikd ;f twGi;f rSmyif &[EÅmjzpfomG ;awmf rl\/ r[mrdwåonf Munfvif&Tifvef;vsuf vdkPf*l0rSxGufawmfrl pOf teD;&SdopfyifrS ½ku©pdk;ewfrif;BuD;onf... tdk..tmZmenfa,musfm; t&Sifjrwfbk&m;/ t&Sifjrwftm; uREfkyf&Sdcdk;yg\/ a,musfm;jrwfjzpfaom t&Sifbk&m;tm; tuREfkyf &Sdcdk; yg\/ t&Sifjrwftm; udavom tmoa0gukefcrf;NyDjzpfí vSL&ol trsm; tusKd;BuD;rm;atmif csD;ajr§mufawmfrlEkdifygNyD t&Sifbk&m;/ t&Sijf rwfwu Ykd o hJ aYkd om qGr;f tvSLcH &[EÅmt&Sio f jl rwfwt Ykd m; qGr;f vSL&aom 'um? 'umrwdo Yk nf ypöKyeÜ o f o H &mESpjf zmaom ab;'ku© wdrYk S vGwaf jrmufciG &fh Muygrnf t&Sib f &k m;[kvnf; avQmufxm;vdu k \ f / r[mrdwåax&fonf tcsdefukdMunhf&m qGrf;cHcsdef&Sdaeao;o jzihf &GmwGif;odkYqGrf;cH<uavonf/ olqif;&JorD;vnf; rdcifBuD;rSmxm; onfhtwdkif; aumif;rGefpGmcsufjyKwfí tcsdefusaomf<uvmawmfrrlo jzihf vrf;bufodkY warQmfarQmfjzpfae&onf/ arQmfaepOf rax&fonf <uvmawmfrlNyD; tdrfxJodkY 0ifvm vQif 0rf;omtm;&jzihf oydwu f v kd rS ;f ,lí axmywfwifvrJ sm;ESifh usKcd suf xm;aomEdkYCmemqGrf;udk xnhfvSLqufuyfav\/ ]]csrf;omMuygap}} [k qkay;um jyef<uawmfrlvQif olqif;&J orD;uvnf; rsufpdwqHk;Munhfum yDwdjzpfae&Sm\/ rdrdukd,fwkdif aMumihfMupdkufí vSL&aom'gejzpfonfhtjyif tpfudkBuD;yrm vGefpGmMunfndKaeaom rax&f\ tom;ta& rsufESm awmfukd zl;ajrmf&wm cgwdkif;ESihfrwl/ ydkíMunfvifoefY&Sif; tom;ta& pmrsuf E S m 5 rS (v[ku)tmywf[kajymjcif;? a&;jcif;?

15/ t<uif;&Sad om (om0aoo)tmywf udk t<uif;r&Sdaom (tem0aoo)tmywf[k a[majymjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

16/ t<uif ; r&S d a om (tem0aoo) tmywf u d k t <uif ; &S d a om (om0aoo) tmywf[ka[mjcif;? a&;om;jcif;?

17/ ½kefY&if;aom tmywfudk r½kefY&if; rMurf;wrf;aom tmywf[ka[mjcif;? a&;jcif;?

18/ r½ke&Yf if;? rMurf;wrf;aom tmywfukd ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom tmywf[kajymjcif;? a&;om;jzefYa0jcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ Ä ]"r®0w¬K 18rsKd;} udkvnf; þt"r® 0w¬K 18rsKd;\ ajymif;jyefqefYusifbuftjzpf od&SdrSwfom;EkdifygNyD/ (r[mAk'¨0if? pwkw¬ wGJ? pm-32? 33)

11

0g0if;NyD; ta&mifxGufaeovm;[kyif xif&\/ ]]csrf;omMuygap}} qdkaompum;oHonf cgwdkif;ESihf rwlbJ at;jroGm;&\/ trlt&m £a`E´awGuvnf; cgwdkif;xuf ydkNyD; MunfndK zG,faumif;ae\/ rsufESmawmfuvnf; 0g0if;awmufytoa&&SdvS\ [kxifjrifrd\/ xdo k pYkd Of;pm;aecdu k f rdcifBu;D vnf; awmtvkycf iG rf S jyefa&muf vmí orD;a& orD;tpfudkBuD; qGrf;cH<uvmw,f r[kwfvm;[k tdrfxJ r0ifrDuyif vSrf;ar;vkdufojzifh taMumif;pHkajzqdkajymjy&onf/ orD;onf ol\ xifjrifonft h wdik ;f MunfnKd aumif;yHk tao; pdwfajymjyav&m rdcifBuD;onf igom;BuD; ,aeY &[ef;udpöNyD;avrSudk; (&[EÅmjzpfrSudk;)[k twwfodaom rdcifBuD;u.. ]]at; nnf;tpfudkBuD;awmh omoemawmfrSm aysmfaysmfBuD; aeoGm;EkdifNyDaygYat/ tylaZmfcHxdkufwJh om;&[ef;BuD;jzpfNyD[k ajymum qif;&Jom; om;trdESpfazmfvnf; qif;&JonfhMum;u BudK;pm;yrf;pm; vSL'gef;&onfhqGrf;wpfeyfonf om;&[ef;udavom ukefcrf;avawmh taysmfqHk;aeYBuD; jzpfaeMuawmhonf/ r[mrdwåax&fonf qif;&Jom; om;trdwdkY\ apwem xufoefwJhqGrf;wpfeyfudk taMumif;jyKNyD; &[EÅmjzpfoGm;&avonf/ olqif;&Jom;trdwo Ykd nfvnf; ppfreS af om apwemaMumihf qGr;f wHjYk yef& wJh &[EÅmax&fudkqGrf;uyfvdkuf&yg\/ 'g[m ppfrSefaom apwem? arwåmwdkY&JU a&mifjyef[yfjcif; tcsif;csif; wefjyefoufa&mufrI jzpfyg \/ þodkY tvSL&SifwdkYuvnf; apwem o'¨gxufoef ppfrSefyg vQif tvSLcHpm;Ny;D usiBfh ut H m;xkww f hJ &[ef;rsm; tusK;d rsm;yg\/ tvSL &Sifuvnf; tusKd;rsm;yg\/ tvSLay; tvSLcHppfrSefwJh tusKd;&yg\/ rawmfí vSL'gef;jcif;eJY ravsmfaom tvSLcHjcif;rsKd;[m ppfrSefwJh tusKd;ay;½dk;xHk;pH r&SdwmrSefyg\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

"r® \ aus;Zl ; rsm; 1/ "r®onf-"r®ESihftnD aexdkifolrsm; tm; jzpfvmrnfh'ku©udk tm;aysmhatmif ulnD avh&Sd\/ 2/ "r® o nf a vmuD ? avmuk w å & m tusKd;rSeforQudk &,lapEkdifaom pGrf;tm; tjynhft0&Sd\/ 3/ "r®onf a&muf&mb0? &muf&mXme rSm om,map? at;jrap? jynhf0ap\/ 4/ "r®onf tm;xm;p&m trsKd;rsKd;udk rajymif;vJworwfwnf; ulnDonfh tm;xm; &mtppfjzpf\/ 5/ "r®onf acwfumvudk aumif;onf xufaumif;atmif jyKjyifpD&ifay;EkdifpGrf;&Sd\/ odkYqdkvQif ]"r®} ESihf ywfoufívnf; aumif;? ]t"r®} ESihfywfoufívnf;aumif;? t&dyft`rGwf rQodomavmufayNyD/

]0D&} udk &J&iho f l vHv Yk 0D&, d &So d ?l [lí teufzGihfqdkxm;ayonf/ ]earmawAk ' ¨ 0 D & w¬ K } &J&ihfawmfrlaom vHkYv0D&d,BuD;rm; awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; &Sdcdk;yg\/ ]"r®0D&} [lonf "r®w&m;ü &J&ihfol? vHkYv0D&d,&Sdol[k teufzGihfqdk&rnfjzpf&m rdrd wdkYonfvnf;..../ earm or® m orÁ K '¨ ó rH k & G m aeZm

DHAMMA TALKS

12

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jrwf rwfpmG bk&m;&SiEf iS w fh uG t*¾om0uBu;D ESpy f g;wdYk &[ef;i,frsm;tm; apmihfa&SmufawmfrlMuyHk qkjynfhpkHvdIif jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; aeYzufwGif oH;k Burd f nzufwiG f oH;k Burd rf Q Ak'\ ¨ r[mu½kPm*kPf vTr;f aom'dApÁ u©K jzihf twkr&Sdapmihfa&SmufMunhf½Iawmfrlygonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;onf aeY o H k ; Bud r f nnf h o H k ; Bud r f ½ I M unf h y k H (u) rsufpdwpfzufom &Sdaomolonf rdrdrsufpdudk rxd rcdkufap&ef txl;0D&d,xm;apmihfa&SmufouJhodkYvnf;aumif;/ (c) wpfOD;wnf;aom om;&Sdaom rdcifonf xdkom;udk owdNrJpGmxm;í apmihfa&SmufouJhodkYvnf;aumif;/ (*) pmr&Drnfaom om;aumifonf rdrdtNrD;trQifudk owdBu;D pGmjzihf apmihaf &SmufouJo h v Ykd nf;aumif;? &[ef;awmfwu Ykd kd tNrJ 'dAÁpu©Kjzihfapmihfa&SmufMunhf½Iawmfrlonf/ nOf h o ef ; aumif a usmf &[ef ; awmf w d k Y t BuH wpf&Haomtcg om0wd¬jynfaZw0efausmif;awmfü &[ef; (500)wdkYonf nOfhoef;aumifausmftcgü umrtBuHtpnfudk BuHawG; aeMuukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf xdk&[ef;wdkYjzpfaeMuyHkudkjrifawmfrlí *E¨u#k aD usmif;awmfwcH g;0wGif pnf;a0;apNy;D vQif &[ef;tm;vH;k wdt Yk m; odr;f usKH ;í ]]tdk &[ef;wdYk a&S;ynm&Sw d o Ykd nf tukov kd jf yK&mü qdwu f , G f &mt&yf[o l nfr&S[ d k ESv;kH oGi;f um tukov kd u f kd rjyKcMhJ uuke}f } [k ed'gef; csv D suf pwkueú yd gwfuvd*0F *f? oDv0Dro H eZmwfukd a[mawmfral v\/ a'oemawmf t qH k ; ü &[EÅ m tjzpf q d k u f a &muf u k e f \ a'oemawmftqHk;ü umr*kPftBuHudkBuHpnfMuukefaom &[ef ; awmf (500)wd k Y o nf t&[wå z d k v f a yguf &[EÅ m tjzpf o d k Y qdkufa&mufawmfrlMuavukef\/ (Zmwu? |? wtkyf? 16-17) þjkzpfpOfjzpf&yfü nOfheufoef;aumifausmf tcsdefwGifyif oHCmawmftukefudkac:,lí w&m;a[mMum;qdkqHk;rawmfrljcif;udk axmufvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ r[mu½kPmawmf*kPfvTrf;NcHKawmfrl aom twkr&Sad pmihaf &Smufawmfrjl cif;udk xif&mS ;pGmMunfnKd Eidk Mf urnfjzpf ygonf/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY &[ef;i,f rsm;ud k apmih f a &S m uf i J h n § m awmf r l M uyH k rdcift&if;onf 9 v 10 vwm ywfv;kH tcsOt f iH tpyftp &Sdaom roihfaom tpmtm[m&udk a&SmifMuOfí oaE¨om;udk 0rf;ü vG,fum arG;zGm;vmonfh om;i,fudkEdkYxdef;odkY wm0efvTJtyfESHouJhodkY vusmfawmf&H t*¾om0urax&fjrwfBuD; t&Sifom&dykwå&monf rdrd\ wynhf olwpfyg; wynhf&[ef;i,fwdkYudk ypö,Ek*¾[ "r®mEk*¾[ESpfyg;wdkY jzihf csD;ajr§mufawmfrlí rusef;rmaom &[ef;wdkYudk vkyfauR;jyKpk apmihf a&Smufí ur®|mef;tm;xkwf&ef wdkufwGef;í aomwmyefjzpfonfudk od&aomf tyg,fab;rS vGwfaomtcsdefupNyD; ,cktcg udk,fhvHkYvjzihf txufr*fwdkYudkjzpfapEkdifMuukefawmhrnf[k ESvHk;ydkufí xdkaomwmyef jzpfNyD;aom &[ef;wdkYtay: iJhraeawmhbJ tjcm;aom topftopf

aom &[ef;i,fwdkYudk txl;0D&d, pdkufí apmihfa&SmufqHk;rawmfrlonf/ txufyg om;i,fudk tyfESHcH&aom EdkYxdef;rdef;ronf EdkY&nf qDOD;tp&Sdaom tm[m&wdkYjzihf oli,fudk auR;arG;jyKpkapmihfa&Smufí vlvm;ajrmufatmif aqmif&Gufay;ouJhodkY t&Sifr[marm*¾vmef rax&fjrwfonfvnf; rdrdwynfh rdrdxHarSmufa&mufvmaom tjcm; olwpfyg;\ wynhf&[ef;wdkYudk t&Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fjrwfBuD; jyKpk apmihfa&Smufay;awmfrlaom enf;twdkif;aqmif&Gufí aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grfjzpfMuonfhwdkifatmifyif iJhn§mapmihfa&SmufrI wm0efudk rvTwfao;bJ &[EÅmjzpfonftxd iJhn§mapmihfa&Smufawmf rl\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;a0zef c sD ; usL;awmf r l j cif ; xdkYaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdkrax&fjrwfBuD;ESpfyg;wdkYudk atmufygtwkdif; a0zefrdefYawmfrl\/ ]]ao,sxmydbdu©a0? Zaewm {0Hom&dykawåm? ao,s xmyd Zwó tmyga'wm? {0H a rm*¾ v maem...}} &[ef;wd.Yk ./ om&dyw k &å monf om;i,fukd arG;zGm;ay;onfEiS fh wl p G m ? &[ef ; wd k Y u d k aomwmyef j zpf a tmif vk y f a qmif a y;ay\/ arm*¾vmefonf arG;zGm;Ny;D aomom;i,fukd Bu;D yGm;jcif;odaYk &mufaponf ESihfwlpGm &[ef;wdkYudk &[EÅmjzpfatmif vkyfaqmifay;ay\/ ]]om&d y k a wå m bd u © a 0? aomwmywå d z av? 0d a ewd arm*¾ v maem Owå r awå . .}} &[ef;wdkY? om&dykwå&monf aomwmywådzdkvftxd qHk;r apmihaf &Smufay\/ arm*¾vmefonf t&[wåzv kd t f xd qH;k rapmifah &Smuf ay\/ (Oy&d y PÖ m oygVd a wmf ? t|uxm? 218) c&D ; a&muf a omomoemjyKenf ; aomwmyefjzpfu t&[wåzdkvfodkY rkcsqdkufa&mufEdkifNyDjzpf í? t&Sifom&dykwå&monf? aomwmyefjzpfNyD;aom wynhfudk vufvTwf vkdufawmhonf/ tjcm;&[ef;i,frsm; aomwmyefjzpfatmif qufvuf í aqmif&u G af wmfro l nf/ þenf;onfum; aomwmyefrsm;rsm;&atmif jyKvkyfaomenf;jzpfí c&D;a&mufaomomoemjyKenf;jzpfayonf/ txG w f t xd y f a &muf a tmif yd k Y a qmif a y;aomenf ; t&Sifr[marm*¾vmef\ enf;um;? a&mufvmaomwynhfudk &[ef;udpöNyD;onfhwdkifatmif apmifha&SmufrIwm0efukefqHk;onftxd apmifha&Smufay;vdkaomaMumifh? &[EÅmjzpfonftxd tcsdefMumjrifhpGm qH;k rapmifah &Smufawmfr\ l / þenf;onfum; t&d,mOD;a& rsm;jym;atmif rvkyaf qmifEikd af omfvnf;? txGwt f xdyt f xdyaYkd qmifay;aom enf;jzpf av\/ t&SifjrwfBuD;ESpfyg;pvHk;wdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufESpfrsdK;pvHk; csD;rGrf; zG,fjzpfí aumif;jrwfaomenf;rsm;jzpfojzifh omoemawmfü tusdK; qkjynfhpkHvdIif xl;rsm; jzpfxGef;apayonf/

COVER FETURE "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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rnfokdYqkdap? avmuaumif;usKd; o,fykd;rnfqkdonfh twk,lzG,f okar"g\ ]]pH}} wkdYvnf; ol\ ESvkH;onf;yGwfwGif wnfrSDvsuf? tiftm;jynfhNzdK;vsuf? owdå0if;vufvsuf/ uwnKwtjrifjzifh avmuukdjrifrdcH,lrdaom? okar"g&Sif&aohjrwf\ pdwfESvkH;onf jA[®pkd&f w&m;wkdYjzifh rTrf;xkH&pfywfaeonfukd ]]ol}}\ pdwftawG;wkdYonf MunfEl;pGm ylaZmf aerdyg\/ okar"g&Si&f aohjrwfonf 'DyuF&m jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif vufxufawmfü rdrdwpfukd,f wnf;twGuf oEdÅokcukd&,lí y&dedAÁmefukd rsuf a rS m uf j yKEk d i f o nf h yg&rD j ynf h r D a eNyD j zpf ygvsuf avmuokH;yg;\tusKd;iSm? edAÁmefrjyKcJh? 31 bkHom;wkdY\ tusKd;iSmav;oacFsESifh urÇm wpf o d e f ; umvywf v k H ; yg&rD a wmf r sm;uk d jznf h u sif h v suf oAÁ n KwÓPf a wmf j rwf u k d &atmif,cl yhJ g\/ bk&m;jzpfrS avmuukd u,fwif Ekdifrnfr[kwfygvm;/ BuD;rm;aom tEdIif;rJh jzpf aom arwå m awmf ? u½k P mawmf w k d Y t m; vnf ; aumif ; ? ]]teEÅ yg&rD awmf } }wk d Y t m; vnf;aumif; ]]ol}}onf cHpm;MunfEl; ylaZmf aerdjyefonf/

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13

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Nidrf;csrf;vSypGm &Sifoefaew,f/ avmuuk d v nf ; cspf w wf ? b0 ukdvnf; cspfwwfwJh oHo&mc&D;onf rif;eJYig? rif;eJYig&JUa&mif;&if;awGvnf; twlygMuwm? avmuygvw&m; xGe;f um;zk&Yd iS o f ef aeMuOD;rSmyg? b,fawmhrS rcJG rcGmyg&rDawGeyYJ g? cspfwwf? cifwwf? Muifem jrwfEkd; wwfNy;D ? cGiv hf w T w f wfwhJ oHo&mc&D;onf ESpOf ;D &JU b0u wk d Y E S p f O D ; &J U oH o &mtpuwnf ; u? ('Dwpfb0rSmawmh 1969 ck? rwfv 9 &uf)/ 'Dwpfb0 rif;cJcG mG oGm;wmu 2004 ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmv (20) &ufn/ rde;f uav; rif;cJGcGmoGm;wm wpfcPyg? ocFg& w&m;ukd wkdYem;vnfxm;NyD;NyDyJ? oHo&m&Snfoa&GU jyefqkHawGYNyD; yg&rDjznfhMuzkdY? auseyfMuygpkdYuG,f}}[lí ]ol} cH,lvkdufcJhonf r[kwfygvm;/ ]]avmuygvw&m; &Sio f efxeG ;f um;zk}Yd }? ]]avmuü o'¨g? oDv? okw? pm*? ynm? [D&d?

MowåyÜ? wnf;[laom olawmfaumif;w&m; &Sif oefxeG ;f um;zk}Yd }? ]]olr}}onf ]]ol \}}b0ü wuf r uk d i f j zpf o nf / ]]ol \ }} cH , l c suf ? ,k H M unf c suf t wG u f ? ]]ol r }} ES i f h ] ]ol \ }} a&mif;&if;wkdYonf BuD;rm;aom? tjyXmef; qkH;aom tiftm;BuD; jzpfcJhonf/ ]]olr}} okrYd [kwf ]ol} ok;H EIe;f avh&adS om ]]oHa,mZOf\ rde;f uav;}}? ynwfcsuf wpfcu k ]eDrm}[k todrsm;cJhonf/ wu,fawmh ]]olr\}} yifu, dk pf ½ku d ?f ADZ? oaE¨onf Nird ;f csr;f pGm &Sio f efjcif; jzpfonf/ yef;a&mif okdYr[kwf Ekzwfzwf t0ga&mifukd ]] olr }} ESpNf cKd uo f nf/ okaYd omf ta&miftaoG; rsKd;pkHukd ]] olr }} cspfwwfonf? rjiif;y,fwwf/ avmuom; tm;vk;H twGuf avmu tusKd;o,fykd;awmhrnfqkdvQif? ta&mifa&G; aeír&? twårygrS? 'gukd ]olr} aumif;aumif; Bu;D vufcu H sio hf ;Hk cJo h nf? usio hf ;Hk oGm;cJo h nf/ xkdYaMumifhvnf; ]olr} \ wpfb0 aemufqkH;c&D;wGif a&mifpkHyef;wkdY zl;cJh? a0cJh

COVER FEATURE

14

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15

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omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) wyf r BuD ; oH k ; wyf wpfzef...b0t&if;pm; jyefvnf&&Sd&ef tpysKd;&mwGif 'kp½dkufwdkY aomif;usef;&mXmeum; oHk;qifh&SdaeaomaMumihf oDvonfom OD;pD;jzpfaomaMumihfwnf;/ y,fowf&rnfh r*¾iftkyfpkonfvnf; oHk;qihfyif xm;&m\/ npfayaeaom yef;uefukd raq;raMumbJvsuu f tpmxnfh oH;k qifq h o kd nfrmS rdaomf xdktpmyg npfayoGm;onfodkY rSwfMu&m\/ 1/ oDvodum© - ud, k Ef w I w f u Ykd kd apmihpf nf;í aomif;use;f rIukd (*) wpfzef ½dk;½dk;oDvrS udk,fydkif(t"doDv)odkY ajymif;yg ESdrfeif;&ef? vdkvQifum;...

2/ orm"dodu©m- pdwüf jzpfaom Buw d yf ek ;f rsm;udk wm;qD;D &ef? jyifyudk,fEIwfwdkYudk apmihfpnf;NyD;í twGif;pdwfudkyg oefYjyefY 3/ ynmodu©m- tm½Ho k @efued ;f rsK;d aphrsm;udk Ekwyf ,f&ef/ pifMu,fvdkolonf orm"djzihf twGif;pdwf raemuH aomif;usef;rIudk ¤if;odu©m (usihf&rnfh) tqihfoHk;qifhwdkYonf... csKd;ESdrf&rnfjzpf&um; orm"dutp ynmoDvodkY ul;ap&m\/ (u) a'oemtpOft& ynmr*¾iftkyfpku p\/ usD;onf tpm;pm;vsuf &Sdavaomtcg tpmudkvnf; pm; (c) jzpfpOft& oDvr*¾iftkyfpku p\/ &efoludkvnf; Munhf&mbdodkY rSwf,l&m\/ (*) usihfpOft& orm"dr*¾iftkyfpku p\/ xdkwGif... þodkY wmxGufoHk;rsKd; uGJjym;ae&mwGif.... or®my#dywftusihfjrwfjzihf odu©moHk;qifh xlaxmif&m0,f (u) vlom;wdkif; tm½HktrsKd;rsKd;? ZGwfwdk;cHpm;vsufuom &Sd\/ pdwfpifMu,frS tjrifay:onf/ wpfck raumif;vdkufwdkif; wpfckodkYajymif;aumif;Edk;Edk; trSwfxifuyfMu tjrifvSrS oDvvnf; pifMu,f&monf/ vsufu cHpm;cJhMu&m vkyfarmom tzwfwifusef&pfcJhygonfudkvnf; odkYaMumihf þüum; orm"dr*¾ifudk tOD;tpxm;um zGihfjy&m trSefod odvsufuom &Sd\/ \/ r*¾ifoHk;tkyfpkonf ppfjyifaeaom wyfrBuD;oHk;ckwnf;/ wpfzef.... wd k u f u G u f q if í *d k ; wnf a y;aom abmvH k ; orm;aumif ; tm½HktrsKd;rsKd; wdk;íwdk;í cHpm;&avwdkif; tawGUonfum; r*¾ifqdkonfrSm r*f&&ef\ tajccHrsm;wnf;/ csufcsif;aysmuftpGJonfum;om awmufavQmuf ygaeonfudkvnf; orm"dr*¾iq f o kd nfrmS um; &dyfrdod odvsufuom &Sd\/ rdr\ d pdwu f kd xm;vdak omae&m ½Iuu G w f iG ;f ü wnfapvsuu f xdktod xdktjrifwdkYum;... xd k ½ I u G u f w G i f ; &S d ½k y f e mrf p H k j zpf y suf y H k r sm;ud k v nf ; wpf x d w nf ; xd 0dyóemÓPf r*fzdkvfÓPfrsm;\ tajccHvrf;cif;yifjzpf wpfodwnf; ododaeapjcif;yif/ &um; a'oempOf&mwGif ynmr*¾ifupí oDvorm"dodkY ul;ap&m\/ r*form"d\ tajccHtpdwftydkif;rsm;tjzpf wpfcsufrSwf usD;onf tpmrpm;rD tpm&Sd&modkY jrifjcif;? teD;rS rcGmjcif;wdkYuJhodkY udavomwpfcsujf ywf? wpfcsurf w S f todÓPfwpfcsuu f yfjzihf trSwrf S rSwf,lMu&m\/ trSwfodkY xyfapjcif;/ (c) wpfzef xdt k od xdt k jrifrsm;jzihyf if rdrEd iS t fh yfpyf&m edó&nf; þodkYaom pGrf;&nfowdåxl;rsm;jzihf... ay; q&mxH csOf;uyfNyD;aemuf enf;cHawmhrnfqdkvQifum;... r*f\ a&SUaqmifr*fvrf;jy wnfzefay;aeaom tkyfpkwnf;/ udk,fEIwfESpfyg;udk apmihfpnf;jcif;jzihf udk,fNidrfqdwfrI um, yrmtm;jzihf....

0da0u&aprnfh oDvodu©mrSyif t&if;wnf&rnfjzpf&um; wu,f abmvH;k yGBJ u;D wpfc0k ,f a&SUwef; *d;k oGi;f ol abmvH;k orm; vSvS usihfawmhrnfqdkaomtcg... yy *dk;oGif;cGihf&ap&eftwGuf oDvr*¾if udk,fEIwfESpfyg; apmihfpnf;í usihf&aom odu©mrS aemufwef; tv,fwef;ae abmvHk;orm;rsm;onf pwifum orm"dynmudk ul;ap&m\/ uGif;v,frSaomfvnf;aumif;? uGif;pyfrSaomfvnf;aumif;? usD;onftpmrpm;rD tpmteD;tyg;odkY csOf;uyfvsufu wpfzufaom abmvHk;orm;rsm;\ Mum;rSaomfvnf;aumif; xdk;azmuf wpfzuf&efolodkY vSnhfMunhfonfESihf yrmwl\/ zdpD;vsufu b0qHk;í Akef;Akef;vJusrnfh tajc&Sd&mwGif abmvHk;udko,fjcif; wpfzuf wdkufuGufudk acszsufjcif;jzihf

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ yxr twif;tusyf ukyfuwfBudK;pm;onf/ xdkYaemuf rdrdajcxJ&Sd abmvHk;udk *dk;oGif;ol\ a&SUxdk;ydkYonf/ þodkYvQif rdrd\ ajcpGrf;ajcprsm;udk jyo&\odkY... þorm"dtkyfpkonfvnf;... wpfzufaom tukokdvf'kp½dkuf eD0&PwdkY\ tqD;twm; taESmihft,Sufrsm;udkvnf; xdk;azmufwGef;vSefay;ae\/ pdwfudkvnf; tusihfrS tododkYqdkuf&ef wnfay;ae\/ þodkYvQif orm"d\ pGrf;&nfowdårsm;udk jyoaeacs\/ ½dk;½dk;ynmrsm;onfvnf;aumif;...

0dyóemÓPfynmtqihfqihfonfvnf;aumif;? r*fynm? zdkvfynmav;qifhwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? xdkorm"dodu©mwnfay;xm;onfh pdwftpOftm; uGJjym;pGm ododay;jcif;wnf;/ udavomudk csKyfNidrf;jcif;eda&m"odkY qdkufapjcif;rQ omwnf;/ pd w f u d k w nf a y;aeaom orm"d t k y f p k 1/ or®m0g,r rSefuefaom BudK;pm;rI? 2/ or®mowd rSefuefaom rSwfcsuf?

3/ or®morm"d rSefuefaom wnfNidrftm;? þoHk;rsKd;um; r*fodkYqdkufonfhtcg pdwfudk wpfckwnf;aom tm½Hük om rvIyrf ,Suf wnf&adS eap&ef usKH ;oGi;f avhusiafh y;aeMuaom orm"dr*¾irf sm;wnf;/ þü or®m[lítrnfxl;wyfxm;onfrSm tm½HkrSm; tusihfrSm;rsm;üvnf; xdkuJhodkY wnfapaom tjcm; qefYusifbuf rdpämorm"dtkyfpk &Sdao;aMumif; ñTefjyaejcif;yif/ or®mqdkonfrSm trSm;\ qefYusifbuf trSefudkqdk\/ 0if-0ifonf ½I&mü bmudkrSefapoenf;/ jrif-jrifonf ½I&mü bmudkrSefoenf;/ þodkYaom ar;zG,fpum;&dyfrsm; &Sdaeacsao;\/ ud k , f h t jzpf ud k , f ½ I a ejcif ; onf w&m; ud k , f h t jypf ud k , f ½ I a ejcif ; onf v nf ; w&m;? pmrsuf E S m 17 rS cG e f ; quf v T m } wpf & yf e J Y pmzwf y &d o wf u d k wifjytpD&ifcHcJhwm&Sdygw,f/ tcsKyftm;jzihf uawmh "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\ ax&0g'"r® w&m; ppf w&m;rSef xGef;um;&ef t"duOD;wnfazmf aqmifvsuf&Sdaom *sme,fwpfapmifjzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumihf 1369 ck r*FvmESpo f pfwiG v f nf;1/ Ak ' ¨ \ ax&0g'"r® w &m;ppf w&m;rS e f xG e f ; um;&ef / 2/ vl o m;wd k i f ; ud k , f u sih f o d u © m apmih f p nf ; xd e f ; od r f ; Muap&ef / 3/ &nfrGefaumif;jrwf,Ofaus;odrfarGUaom pd w f " mwf r sm;? ud e f ; atmif ; Ek d i f M uap&ef [laom OD;wnfcsuf oHk;&yfwdkYjzihf qufvuf azmf a qmif Bud K ;yrf ; oG m ;rnf j zpf y gw,f / jynfwGif; jynfy ESpfXmepvHk;rS Ak'¨"r®qdkif&m

19

w&m;½IrSwfrI[lonf... rdrdbuf&Sd rsufpdponf wHcg;aygufrsm; olwpfyg;wdkYbuf&Sd tqif;ponf tm½Hktwdkufrsm;... xdkESpfcif;wdkY olYqdkif&mESihfol xdawGUyGwfwdkuftcsif;csif; cdkuf apvsufu 0ifxGufaeMuygonfudk rnfolYbufrSae rSwfcsuf,l,l tm½HkwdkYonfum; wdkufcdkufzsufqD;a&;orm;? rdrdonfum; twdkufcH ysufpD;usef&pfonfh tcHorm;? þodkYvnf; obm0trSefudk {uefjrifodrI &ap\/ wpfzef.... rdrb d uf&dS rsupf pd onfwu Ykd wpfzuftm½Hrk sm;qDoYkd oGm;a&muf cHpm;aeonfjzpfap? wpfbuf tm½HkwdkYu rdrdbuf&Sd rsufpdponfwdkYodkY vma&muf cHpm;aponfjzpfap? ql;ESihfzuf txufuusus atmufuaeae zufonfom ayguf&NrJrdkY rdrdonfom ysufpD;&ygonfudkvnf; {uefjrifodrI&ap\/ þESpfcsufudk &dyfrdÓPfjzihf oabmaygufvmaomf aMomf....igonfum; olwumwdkY tzsufqD;cHb0rQomyg wum;.... aMomf.....igYb0tusK;d ay;um; raumif;aom b0tqd;k uH 'PfcHoufoufygwum;/ þodkYvQif udk,fhb0jzpfpOf udk,fhtjypfudk jrifodap&efyif/ xdkodkY udk,fhtjypfudk ½Iodaejcif;onfyif w&m;½Ionfrnf\/ olwpfyg; taMumif;xufudk,fhtaMumif;udk aumif;aumif; jrifodapjcif;onfyif w&m;½Ionfrnf\/ olwpfyg; tjypfjrifaejcif;um; rw&m;½Ijcif;omwnf;/ olwpfyg;taMumif;rsm;om odaejcif;um; rw&m;odjcif; wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

owif; tcsuf tvufrsm;udk tifwmeufrS wpf q ih f &,l u m wwf p G r f ; Ek d i f o avmuf BudK;pm;jzefYcsdwifjyay;EkdifcJhw,f/ ,if;rD'D,m wpfcGifrS xdawGU&&SdcJh&ygaom tawGUtBuHK rsm; teufrS xl;jcm;pl;,Saom todw&m; wpf & yf u vl o m;wd k i f ; ud k , f u sif h o d u © m

apmih f p nf ; xd e f ; od r f ; Mua&;ES i h f &nf r G e f aumif;jrwf ,Ofaus;odraf rGUaom pdw"f mwfrsm; vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f ude;f atmif;Ekid f Muap&efwnf; [laom ta&;udpöBuD;wpf&yfudk azmfaqmif aphaqmf&efvkdtyfaeNyDjzpfw,fqdkwm udv k nf; pdppfem;vnfoabmaygufrcd &hJ ygw,f/

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U ,cif t ywf r S t quf 0#f 3 yg;? 4 vDudk jyqdkcP Pf; ,cktcg bk&m;omoemtwGif;ü r*¾if&Spfyg;udkyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfonf&Sdaomf tMuif0#f'ku©w&m;wdkYrS vGwfNidrf;jcif;odkY a&muf Muukef\? xdk0#f 'ku©w&m;wdkYudk jyqdkaytHh/ 0#f'ku©w&m;qdkonfum; udavo0#fw&m;? ur®0#fw&m;?

0dygu 0#fw&m; þoHk;yg;udk qdkownf;/ xdk0#foHk;yg; qdkonfvnf; (u) tyg,foHo&m\ qdkif&m 0#foHk;yg;/ (c) umrok*wd oHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;/ (*) ½lyoHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;/ (C) t½lyoHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;[lí oHk;yg; 4 vD &Sd\/ xdw k iG f (u) tyg,foHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;ü(1) ouúm,'d|dwyg;? 0dpdudpämwyg;? þudavom 2 yg;onf udavom0#frnf\/ (2) ygPmwdygw? t'dEém'ge? umarok rdpämpm&? rkom0g'? ydok P0gpm? z½ko0gpm? oræyÜvmy? tbdZÑm? Asmyg'? rdpäm'd|dwnf;[laom tukovur®yx w&m; q,fyg;wdkYonf ur®0#frnf\/

edAÁmefcsrf;om (okrYd [kw)f

oEÅ d o k c avmu[lonf y&rw¬opömtaejzifh ½kyfemrftpkta0;rQomjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifhavmu\tpdwftykdif;jzpfaom

Three kinds of vat.t.a (round) relating to four kinds of kinds of sam.sa-ras respecively.

Nowadays during the Buddha Sa-sana, if people practise and develop the Noble Eightfold Path, they free themselves from vat.t.a- dukkha,. I shall expound them.

There are three kinds of vat.t.a- dukkha: (i) Kilesa vat.t.a (round of defilements), (ii) Kamma vat.t.a (round of volitional actions), (iii) Vipa-ka vat.t.a (round of resultants).

They are also classified as (a) Three vat.t.as relating to Apa-ya sam.sa-ra, (b) Three vat.t.as relating to Ka-masugati sam.sa-ra, (c) Three vat.t.as relating to Ru- pa sam.sa-ra, and (d) Three vat.t.as relating to aru- pa sam.sa-ra.

-sa-ra:

(A) In the case of the three vat.t.as relating to Apa-ya sam.

1. Kilesa vat.t.a means Personality- belief and Sceptical

doubt.

2. Kamma- vat.t.a means the following ten evil courses of action: (i) killing (ii) stealing (iii) sexual misconduct

xkdxkd ouf&dSoufrJht&mrsm;onfvnf; ½kyfemrftpkta0;rQomyif jzpf\/ oufrJhjzpfvQif ½kyftpkta0;jzpfrnf/ ouf&dSjzpfvQif ½kyfemrftpkta0; jzpfrnf/ trSeftm;jzifh yk*d¾Kvfr&dS? owå0gr&dS? t&m0w¬Kr&dS? tpdkiftcJr&dS? j'yfr&Sd? ½kyfemrfwkdY\obm0twdkif;

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. (3) i&Jowå0g? wd&pämefowå0g? Nydwåmowå0g? tol&um,f owå0g[k qdktyfaom 0dygwfu#wåm cE¨m ig;yg;onf 0dygu0#frnf\/ tMuif yk*d¾KvfwdkYtm; ouúm,'d|d? 0dpdudpämonf &Sdae\? xdyk *k Kd¾ vw f o Ykd nf txufq;kH jzpfaom b0*fbükH b0aygif; toacsF teEÅ wdkifatmif tzefzef a&mufMuukefaomfvnf; wHig? rkqkd;? olcdk;? xm;jy paom tukodkvf ur®yxtwGif;odkY wvJvJ usa&mufMu&ukef\/ t0Dpd tp&Sad om tyg,fcE¨mwGi;f odv Yk nf; wvJvJ usa&mufvmMuukef \/ þodkYvQif ruRwfEkdifbJ w0Jvnfvnf jyefvSefí aeonfudk 0#f[l í qdkavownf;/ (c) umrok*wdoHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;ü(1) aumif;aomtqif;rsKd;? toHrsKd;? teHYrsKd;? t&omrsKd;? tawGU txdrsKd;ü om,mcifrif ESpfoufwG,fwmaom umrwPSmonf udavom0#frnf\/ (2) 'ge? oDv? bm0empaom umrm0p& yknBwd,0w¬Kq,fyg; wdkYonf ur®0#frnf\/ (3) vlowå0g? ewfjynf 6 xyf ewfowå0g[k qdktyfaom 0dygwf u#wåm cE¨mig;yg;onf 0dygu0#frnf\/ tMuifyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; umrwPSmonf &Sdae\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkY onf txufjzpfaom b0*fbHkodkY tzefzef a&mufukefjim;aomfvnf; umrwPSm\ uReftjzpfodkY wvJvJ usa&mufvmMu&ukef\/ jzpfysuftpOfom &dS\/ ,if;jzpfysuftpOfonfvnf; j'yfr[kwf? tpdkiftcJr[kwf? oabmobm0rQomjzpf\/ ,if;onfom razgufrjyef? tNrJrSefaomy&rw¬opömjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifhuREkfyfwkdYonf razmufrjyefwu,frSefaom

(iv) lying (v) back- biting (vi) rude speech (vii) idle talk (viii) covetousness (ix) ill-will (x) wrong view 3. Vipa-ka vat.t.a means the five vipa-ka --- khandhas of hell- beings, animals, --- and demons.

Any person who has not got rid of Personal belief and Sceptical doubt, though he may be peatedly reborn in the highest plane of existence incalculable number of times, is yet destined to repeatedly into the sphere of evil courses of -- to be reborn as fisherman, hunter, thief and --- or as one of the beings of the Four Lower World And vat.t.a means wandering in the sam.

-sa-ra (-- of rebirths) without being liberated. sam.sa-ra

(B) In the case of the three vat.t.as relating Ka-masugati

1. Kilesa vat.t.a means desire for sensuous pleasures, such as taking pleasure in and attactment to pleasant sight, sound, smell, tastean touch.

½kyfemrftpkjzpfaomcE¨mukd rodraeBudK;pm;&rnfjzpf\/ BuKd;pm;íwu,ftrSeftwkdif; odvmonfESifhwpfNyKdifeuf? twkdif;rodaomcsrf;omukd wu,fukd,fawGUrsufarSmufjyK&\/ ,if;csrf;omukd edAÁmefcsrf;om[lívnf;aumif;? oEÅdokc[lívnf;aumif;ac:\/

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/ 2. Kamma vat.t.a means the three "Domains meritorious (*-C) ½ly? t½lyoHo&m\ qkdif&m 0#foHk;yg;wdkYü Actions, consisting in --- (Almsgiving), s1-la (Morality) and bha-(1) ½lyb0? t½lyb0wdkYü om,mwG,fwmaom ½ly

wPSm? (2)

½lkyukokdvf? t½lyukokdvfrsm;onf ur®0#frnf

\/ (3) ½lkyjA[®m[k qkdtyfaom 0dygwf u#wåmcE¨m ig;yg; t½lyl jA[®m[k qdt k yfaom 0dygwf emru©Em¨ av;yg;onf 0dygu0#f rnf\/ ½lywPSm? ½lkyukokdvf? t½lyjA[®m cE¨m[lí 0#foHk;yg;ESpfvD a0zefav/ 0#f 3 yg; 4 vDjyqdkcPf;NyD;\/ r*¾if&Spfyg; 4 vDESihf 0#f 3-yg; 4 vDwGJbufí jyqdkcPf; a&S;ü jyqdkcJhaom r*¾if&Spfyg;onfvnf; aomwmywdår*¾if &Spfyg;? ou'g*grdr*¾if&Spfyg;? tem*grdr*¾if&Spfyg;? t&[wår*¾if&Spfyg; [lí &Spfyg;av;vD &Sdjyef\/ xdkwGif(1) aomwmywdå r*¾if&Spfyg;onf tyg,foHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpf aom 0#f 3 yg;udk t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;ap\/ umrok*wd\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#f 3yg;ürlum; aemuf 7 b0udk csefvSyfí 7 b0rS txufjzpfvwHhaom umrok*wd\ qdkif&m 0#f 3 yg;udkvnf; aomwmywdår*¾if &Spfyg;onf t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;ap \/ (2) ou'g*grdr*¾if &Spfyg;onf tusef 7 b0wdkYwGif 2 b0udk csefvSyfí 2 b0 txufü jzpfvwHhaom 5 b0wdkYü umrok*wdqdkif &m 0#f 2 yg;udk t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf;ap\/ (3) tem*grdr*¾if &Spfyg;onf tusefumrok*wd 2 b0udk t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;ap\/ ½lyb0? t½lyb0usef&Sd\/ (4) t&[wår*¾if &Spfyg;onf ½lyoHo&m? t½lyoHo&mwdkY\ qdkif&mjzpfukefaom 0#foHk;yg;wdkYudk t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;ap\/ tvHk;pHk aom udavomwdkYonf csKyfNidrf;ukef\/ r*¾if&Spfyg; 4 vDESihf 0#f 3 yg; 4 vDudk wGJzufí jyqdkcPf;NyD;\/ r*¾ i f & S p f y g; tpD t &if 0#foHk;yg; av;vD&SdonfwGif ,ckumvü Ak'¨bmom0if &Sifvl taygif;wdkYrSm tyg,foHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom tyg,f0#foHk;yg;onf vdk&if;jzpf\/ OD;acgif;ü avmifrD;us avmifíaeaom a,musfm;tm; xdktcgü xdkrD;udkowf&ef ta&;onf tBuD;qHk;aom ta&;jzpf\/ wpf r d e pf r Q Mumjrih f z if h a ES ; í raeomrI B uD ; jzpf \ / jrwf p G m bk & m; omoemawmftwGi;f ü BuKH BuKd uMf uukeaf omolwrYkd mS OD;acgif;ü avmifr;D us avmifíaeaomtrIxufyif tyg,f0#fo;kH yg;udk t<uif;rJh y,fowf &ef trIonf ta&;wBuD;vdkvS\/ xdkYaMumihf þusrf;ü tyg,f0#foHk;yg;\ csKyfNidrf;aMumif;jzpf aom r*¾if&Spfyg; tpDt&ifudk a&S;OD;pGm qdkaytHh/ ]ouúm,'d|d} ]0dpdudpäm} 2 yg;wdkYwGif ouúm,'d|donfom vdk&if;y"mejzpf\/ ouúm,'d|d t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;vQif 0dpdfudpämvnf; t<uif;rJch sKyNf ird ;f vQif 0dpmäd vnf; t<uif;rJh csKyNf ird ;f awmhonf? tukov dk f ur®yxw&m;q,fyg;wdkYvnf; t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;avukefawmhonf/ tyg,foHo&mBuD;vnf; t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;avawmhonf/ ]ouúm,'d|d} qdkonfum; ]twå'd|d} udkqdkownf;? pu©Kudk

va--- (Mental Concentration).

3. Vipa-ka vat.t.a means the five vipa-ka kat.a-- (resultant) khandhas of human beings and --devas in the six deva-planes: (C&D) In the cases of the three vat.t.as relating Ru- pa sam.

-sa-ra and the three vat.t.as relating to Aru- pa sam. sa-ra.

1. Kilesa vat.t.a means attachment to Form and Formlessness in the Form-sphere and the Formless-sphere respectively.

2. Kamma vat.t.a means wholesome volitional actions leading to and practised in the Form and the Formless Spheres.

3. Vipa-ka vat.t.a means the five vipa-ka kat.atta- khandhas of the Ru pa- brahma-s, and the four vipa-ka na-makkhandhas of the Aru- pa-brahma-s.

It should be understood that there are three vat.t.as– ru- pa tan.ha, ru- pa kusala and ru- pa brahma khandha in the ru- pa sam. sa-ra, and that there also are three vat.t.as– aru- pa tan.ha-, aru- pa kusala and aru- pa brahma khandha in the aru- pa sam. sa-ra.

This is the end of the exposition of the three vat.t.as with four subdivisions in each.

.

Interrelations Between Maggan ga and Vat.t.a The Eightfold Path explained hithertofore is again subdivided into (1) Eightfold Path pertaining to Stream- winnrs, (2) Eightfold Path pertaining to Once- returners (3) Eightfold Path pertaining to Non-returners, and (4) Eightfold Path pertaining to Arahats.

The "Stream-winner" Eightfold Path completely extinguishes the three vat.t.as relating to apa-ya sam. sa-ra. As regards the three vat.t.as relating to ka-masugati sam. sa-ra, it completely extinguishes only such of them as would otherwise come into existence after seven more rebirths.

The "Once- returner" Eightfold Path completely extinguishes the two vat.t.as-kilesa vat.t.a and vipa-ka vat.t.a relating to the Sensuous Sphere which would otherwise come into existence after two more rebirths.

The Ana-ga-mi Eightfold Path completely extinguishes the three vat.t.as relating to the said two Ka-masugati rebirths, leving only ru- pa-bhava and aru- pa-bhava.

The Arahatta- Eightfold Path completely extinguishes the three vat.t.as relating to ru- pa-sam.sa-ra and aru- pa-sam.sa-ra. All defilements are completely extinguished.

Here ends the exposition of the interrelation between .

Maggan ga and Vat.t.as.

The First, Second and Third Stage of Dit.t.hi (Wrong Views) Of the four of sam.sa-ra with the three vat.t.as in each, the three apa-ya vat.t.as relating to the apa-ya sam. sa-ra are basically most important for the followers of the Teaching of the present day. When a person's head is on fire, the important thing for him to do is to extinguish it. The urgency of the matter permits for no delay even for a minute. And it is more important for those who happen to be within the Buddha Sa-sana to completely extinguish the three apa-ya vat.t.as than the aforesaid person's extinguishing the fire burning his head. For this reason, in this book, I shall deal with the Eightfold Path which is able to cause the extinction of the three apa-ya vat.t.as. Of these two things– Per-

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ ig? ig[lí¤if;? ig\ twå[í l ¤if; aMumifaMumifBu;D xifjrifpv JG ef;íae aom 'd|dwnf;? aomwudk Cmeudk? Zd0Smudk? um,udk? raemudk ig? ig[lí¤if;? ig\ twå[lívnf;aumif;? aMumifaMumifBuD; xifjrifpGJ vef;aeaom 'd|dwnf;/ xdkxdk tqif;o@efudkjrifMuaomtcg igjrifonf igjrif onf[lí xifjrifpGJvef;rI rnf\/ xdkxdktoHudk Mum;Muaom tcg igMum;onf igMum;onf[k xdkxdkteHYudk eHMuaomtcg igeHonf? igeH onf[k xdkxdk t&omudk pm;Muaomtcg igpm;onf? igpm;onf[k udk,füyljcif;? at;jcif;? anmif;jcif;? nmjcif;? emjcif;? usifjcif; ponf jzpfay:vmaomtcg igylonf? igat;onf? iganmif;nmonf? igem usifonf[k xdkxdkt&mudk BuHzefMuaomtcg igBuHonf? igBuHonf[k aMumifaMumifBuD; xifjrifpGJvef;í aerIonf raemudk ig? ig[lí xifjrifpGJvef;rI rnf\/ þum; twGif;tm,we ajcmufyg;wdkYü ouúm,'d|dpGJvef;íaeyHkwnf;/ a&S;a&S;aomb0wdüYk rdu k rf J arSmufrmS ;cJu h ek af om cyford ;f aom 'kp½dkufuHa[mif;wdkYonf xdkouúm,'d|drS wG,fwmí owå0gwdkY\ oEÅmefü tpOfvdkufí aeMuukef\/ aemufaemufaom b0opfwdkYü rdkufrJarSmufrSm;vwåHUukefaom? cyfodrf;aom 'kp½dkufuHopfwdkYonf xdkouúm,'d|drS jzpfMu&avukef\/ ouúm,'d|d csKyfNidrf;onf&Sdaomf ta[mif;topfjzpfuek af om xd'k pk ½du k f uHwo Ykd nf wpfcrk usef t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;ukef\/ xdkolrSm tyg,foHo&mBuD;onf t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;\/ ,ckb0rSpí tEkyg'daoo edAÁmefodkY a&mufonhfwdkifatmif xdo k o Yl EÅmefrmS cyford ;f aom 'kp½du k f trdu k t f rJwo Ykd nf¤if;? cyford ;f aom 'd|d tarSmuftrSm;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;? cyfodrf;aom i&J? wd&pämef?

Nydwåm? tol&um,f tyg,fb0wdkYonf¤if;? ouúm,'d|dESihf wNydKifeuf wcsufwnf; t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;Muukef\/ xdkolonf tyg,f oHo&m \ qdik &f mjzpfaom 0#fo;kH yg;\ t<uif;rJch sKyNf ird ;f jcif;[laom oOyg'dao o yxredAÁmefodkY a&muf\/ bHkpOfpHt&d,m avmukwå&m bHkom; tjzpf o d k Y a&muf a vonf / þum; ouú m ,'d | d \ tcsuf t &m jyqdkc{f;wnf;/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

23

sonality- be- lief and Sceptical doubt– Personality- belief is the basic. Extinction of Personality- belief naturally implies extinction of Sceptical double as well, and the ten courses of evil actions also disappear completely. Finally, apa-ya sam.sa-ra also becomes completely extinct.

Sakka-yadit.t.hi means atta- -dit.t.hi (Delusion of Self). The eye is regarded as "I" or "Mine". This view is held frimly and tenaciously. The same remarks apply mutatis mutandis in cases of car, nose, tongue, body and mind.

"I- ness"– The expression "the eye is tenaciously regarded as 'I' or 'Mine' means that whenever a visible objec is seen, people firmly and tenaciously believe "I see it", "I see it". And the same remarks may be applied mutatis mutandis to the cases of sound, smell taste, body and mind.

These explain how Personality- belief is held by one in respect of the six Internal Bases.

To the First Nibba-na In former existences, beings committed foolish mistakes, and all those old evil kammas through Personality-belief attach themselves to and continuously accompany the life- continua of beings. In future existences also follish mistakes will be committed by them and new evil kammas will also arise from the same Personality- belief. Thus when the Personality-belief is extinguished, both the old and new evil kammas are utterly extinguished. For that reason, apa-ya sam. sa-ra is utterly extinguished, and by the txtinction of the Personality-belief, all his foolish and evil deeds, all his wrong views, and all his apa-yabhavas, such as rebirths in Hell, Animal-world, Ghost-world and Demon-world, are simulteneously extinguished. That person attains the First sa- upa-disesa- nibba-na which means utter extinction of the three vat.t.as relating to apa-ya sam.sa-ra. He becomes a Holy One in the ariya lokuttara bhu- mi (Noble Supramundane Sphere) who will be reborn in successive higher planes of existence.

(To be continue)

Nidrf;csrf;OD;\ jzwfoef;csdefwkdif; yg&rDjzpfapawmhrS aumufEkwfcsufpmpk ]]vlwkdif; owå0gwkdif;twGuf? olwkdY\ uHwnf;[laom tvkyfonf olwkdY\ oHo&m c&D;wGif xyfcsyfjy|mef;NrJ jzpfvkdY vlwkdif;? owå0gwkdif; tawG;rSm;? tjrifrSm;? tajymrSm;? tvkyfrSm; r&Sdatmif? today; owday;&if; jzwfoef;csdefwefzkd;ukd jr§ifhwifzkdY rvkdbl;vm;}}[lí ]]olr}}ajymcJah om aemufq;Hk pum;onf ]ol}ESihf ]olr}\ oHo&mc&D; twGuf ]]jy|mef;}} cJah vNy/D csnaf ESmifNy;D wm0ef? jrifjh rwfaom usi0hf wfusiphf Of jzpfcJhavNyD/ ]]ol}}onf&Tef;jrjrva&mif atmufwGif tm;&auseyfjcif; yDwdjzifh epfarsmaeonf/ ]]vIdifMunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywkduf}}? vdIifMunfjzL "r®0&D ynmyg&rD taxmuftyHv h yk if ef;rsm;? orkwd e,fy,frS ynwfpmom;pkudk yg&rD\ taxmuftyHt h vkiYd gS ]]ol}}onf pl;prf; pkpnf;aerdonf/ ]]vlwkdif;? owå0gwkdif;? tawG; rSm;? tjrifrSm;? tajymrSm;? tvkyfrSm; r&Sdatmif? today; owday;EkdifzkdY tBuD;rm;qkH;pGrf;tm;onf Ak'¨\ tqkH; trrsm;? w&m;awmfrsm;? þw&m; awmfESifh tqkH;trwkdYukd &Sifoefae&ef tpGrf; aqmifEkdifqkH;aom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf Ak'¨\om; &[ef;awmfrsm;? om0ursm; jzpfonf[k ]ol} cH,lonf/ yk*d¾Kvfxl; omoemh tmZmenfrsm; aygufzGm;xGef;um;a&;? ax&0g'Ak'¨tqkH;tr rsm; avmuom;rsm;\ pdwfESvkH;wGif wnfrSD &Sifoefapa&;twGuf jzpfap&rnf/ ]vIdifMunfjzL ynmyg&rD taxmuftyhHtzJGU}? ]vIdifMunfjzL "r®0D& pmMunfhwkduf}? ]"r®0D&*sme,fESifh "r®pmayrsm;} &Sifoef&m ]vIdifMunfjzL"r®0D& pmaywkduf}onf ]ol}\ ESvHk;om;wGif arG;zGm;oefYpifcJhavonf/ jzwfoef;csdefwkdif;ukd tusK;d t&Sq d ;Hk ok;H oGm;&ef qk;H jzwfvsuf ]jzwfoef;csed w f efz;dk }ukd yg&rDrsm;tjzpf wnfaqmuf&ef ]ol} qk;H jzwf csucf svu d k cf sed w f iG rf l vjynfv h rif;onfyif taemuf a*:,muRe;f qDoYdk wdr;f apmif;vsu&f adS eNy?D avmu "gwfonf t½kPfwuf&ef tm;,laeavNyD aum/ ]]olYb0\ jzwfoef;csdefwkdif; yg&rDjzpfap &rnf}}qkdonfh t"d|mefopömonf ol\ESvkH; pdwf0rf;ü yJhwifxyf vsuf&SifoefqJ/

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

24

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif y0g&PmjyKawmfrlyHk -RANA BUDDHA'S PAVA . :- Ceramony held at the and of the Buddhist lent by the Buddha. "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f ) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif om0w¬djynf ykAÁm½Hkausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;ae awmfrlpOfujzpfonf/ xdkESpfoDwif;uRwfvjynhf &[EÅmig;&mwdkY 0dok'¨d y0g&PmjyKNyD;í? ncsrf;tcg ykAÁm½Hkausmif;0if; [if;vif;jyifü jrwfpGm bk&m;&Siftm; NcH&HvsufaeawmfrlMuav\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tvGefNidrfoufpGm xdkifaeMuaom &[ef; wdkYudk apmif;iJhMunfh½IawmfrlNyD;í oHCmtm; y0g&PmjyKawmfrl\/ ]][E´ ' ged bd u © a 0? y0ga&rd a 0g? eparud Í ö d * &[x? um,d w H 0 g 0gpod u H 0 g...}} ]]&[ef ; wd k Y ,ck t cgü? igbk & m;onf ? oif w d k Y t m; zd w f M um;yg\/ ig\wpf p H k w pf c k a om? ud k , f t rl t &m EI w f t rl t&mudk? oifwdkY uJh&JUvdkMuukefoavm/ uJh&JUvdku uJh&JUMuygukef avmh/ ajymqdkvdku ajymqdkMuukefavmh/ igbk&m;zdwfMum;\..}} xdt k cg0,f vusmf awmf&H t*¾om0urax&fjrwfBu;D jzpfawmf rlaom t&Sifom&dykwå&mu jyefMum;avQmufxm;av\/ ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;...? tuREfkyfwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wpfpHk wpfckaom udk,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&mESifhywfoufí ruJh&JUvdkMuyg uke.f .}} ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;...? xdkpum;onf rSefvSpGm\/ jrwfpGmbk&m; ocifonf olwpfyg;wdkY rjzpfapEdkifaom edAÁmefodkYoGm; r*fw&m;udk jzpfapEdkifyg\/ rodapEdkifaom r*fw&m;udk odapEdkifyg\/ ra[majym EdkifMuaom r*fw&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrlEdkifyg\/ r*fw&m;udk xdk;xGif; í odawmfrlyg\/ jrifawmfrlyg\/ r*fw&m;ü uRrf;usifydkifEdkifawmfrlyg \/ ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;.../ þ&[ef;ig;&mwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ r*fw&m;odkY tpOfvkdufMuukefí ,cktcgü xdkr*fw&m;ESihfjynhfpHkMuNyD; vQif aexdkifvsuf&SdMuygukef\bk&m;...}} [k avQmufxm;\/ t&S i f o m&d y k w å & mAk ' ¨ t m; y0g&PmjyKzd w f M um;yH k t&Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fjrwfBuD;onf? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu y0g&PmjyKzw d Mf um;onfukd txufygtwkid ;f jyefMum;avQmufxm;Ny;D í? þodkY y0g&PmjyK&efzdwfMum;av\/ ]]t[Íö acg baEÅ b*0EÅ H y0ga&rd ? eparb00gud Í ö d *&[wd ? um,d u H 0 g? 0gpod u H 0 g...}} ]]jrwf p G m bk & m;...? uREf k y f o nf v nf ; jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f udk zdwfMum;yg\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tuREfkyf\wpfpHkwpfckaom udk,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&mudk uJh&JUawmfrlygvdkoavm/ (wpfpHk wpf c k a om uJ h & J U p&m ud k , f t rl t &m? EI w f t rl t &m&S d y gu uJ h & J U awmf r l y g? rd e f Y a wmf r l y gbk & m;../ tuREf k y f j yKjyif u k p m;ygrnf bk & m;)...}} xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf? t&Sifom&dykwå&mtm; þodkY

rdefYawmfrlav\/ ]]om&dyw k &å m...? oifü uJ&h UJ p&m wpfpw kH pfcak om ud, k t f rl t&m? EIwt f rlt&mr&S½d rkH Qruao;? oifonf Bu;D rm;aomynm&Sjd zpf\/ y@dwyk*¾dKvfjzpf\/ r[mynm (BuD;aomynm) &Sd\/ ykxkynm (ajrBuD; txkESifhwlaomynm) &Sd\/ [momynm (&Tifaomynm) &Sd\/ Z0e ynm (vsifjrefaomynm) &Sd\/ wdu©ynm (xufaomynm) &Sd\/ edaAÁ'duynm (xdk;xGif;Edkifaomynm) &Sd\..}} ]]pMumrif;\om;awmfBuD;onf? crnf;awmfav;uRefvnfap tyfaom pMum&wemudk twkvdkufí vnfapouJhodkY? oifonf igbk&m;vnfaptyfaom "r®a'oem w&m;pMumudk aumif;pGmvnf apEdkifygay\..}} [k csD;rGrf;rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ t&Sifom&dykwå&monf &&[ef [ef;ig;&mudk,fpm; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; y0g&PmjyKyH k xdkYaemuf t&Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fjrwfBuD;onf &[ef;ig;&m wdkY\udk,fpm; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; y0g&PmjyKawmfrl&ef zdwfMum;jcif; jyKawmfrl\/ ]]jrwfpmG bk&m;.../ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf tuREykf \ f wpfpw kH pfck aom udk,ftrlt&m EIwftrludk ruJh&JUvdkygjim;tHh..}} ]]£aroH ye baEÅ b*0g? yÍöEéH bdu©KowmeH? edudÍöd *&[wd ? um,d u H 0 g? 0gpod u H 0 g..}} ]]jrwfpmG bk&m;../ þ&[ef;ig;&mwd\ Yk ud, k pf m; tuREykf o f nf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; zdwfMum;yg\jrwfpGmbk&m;../ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þ&[ef;ig;&mwdkY\ wpfpHkwpfckaom udk,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&mudk uJh&JUawmfrlvdkygoavm../ (tu,fí? xdk&[ef;wdkY\ uJh&JUp&m udk,f trlt&m? EIwt f rlt&m wpfpw kH pfc&k ydS gu uJ&h UJ awmfryl g? rdeq Yf akd wmfryl g/ xd&k [ef;ig;&mwdo Yk nf jyKjyifí ukpm;Muygrnf jrwfpmG bk&m;)}} [k t&Sif om&dykwå&mrax&fjrwfBuD;u avQmufxm;av\/ jrwf p G m bk & m; jyef v nf r d e f Y M um;awmf r l y H k ]]om&dykwå&m.../ þ&[ef;ig;&mwdkY\ wpfpHkwpfckaom udk,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&mwdkYudk igbk&m;ruJh&JUvdkyg/ om&dykwå&m? þ&[ef;ig&mwdkYwGif &[ef;ajcmufq,fwdkYonf ykaAÁed0go? 'dAÁpu©K? tmo0u©, (yk-'d-tm) 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;ESijfh ynhpf u kH ek \ f / &[ef;ajcmufq,fwYkd onf tbdnmOfajcmufyg;ESijfh ynhpf MkH uuke\ f / &[ef;ajcmufq,fwo Ykd nf orm"d? ynm ESpfyg;aom tzdkYtpktm;jzihf udavomrSvGwfukef\/ <uif;aom&[ef;wdkYum; ynm\tpGrf;tm;jzihf udavomrSvGwfukef\/ &[EÅmwdkYcsnf; jzpfMuukef\..}} þonfwdkYonfum; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif y0g&PmjyKawmfrlyHk jzpf o nf [ k ? ok w å e f y d # uwf ? cE¨ 0 *¾ o H , k w f y gVd a wmf - 192 wG i f vnf;aumif;? ¤if;ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef (y) 180 wGifvnf;aumif; azmfjy

VISION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ yg&Sdygonf/ od M um;rif ; ES i f h ewf w d k Y y0g&PmjyKMuyH k wm0wd Homewfjynf? ok"r®mewfobiftpnf;ta0;BuD; av;&yf usif;ypNrJjzpf\/ ¤if;ewfobiftpnf;ta0;BuD;av;&yfwdkYrSm? (1) 0gqdkoHCmawmfrsm;tm; csD;ajrmuf&ef/ (2) y0g&PmjyKaom oHCm tm; csD;ajrmuf&ef/ (3) w&m;"r®emMum;Mu&ef/ (4) yifv,fuopfyef; yGaJ wmf qif,ifusi;f yMu&ef[o l nfh ok"r®mewfobif tpnf;ta0;Bu;D av;&yf usif;yav\/ xdktpnf;ta0;av;&yfwdkYwGif 1? 2? 3 tpnf;ta0;rsm;onf "r®udpötwGufjzpf\/ trSwf- 4 tpnf;ta0;onf a'0uDVeavmuD udpöoufoufjzpfonf/ trSwf (1) tpnf;ta0;onf vlaY vmuü 0gqdak wmfrMl urnfh oHCmawmfrsm;tm; ab;&efuif;pGm oDwif;oHk;aexdkifEdkifMua&;twGuf ewfwu Ykd apmifah &SmufMu&ef wm0efcaJG 0ay;Muaom tpnf;ta0;jzpf\/ trSwf (2) tpnf;ta0;um;? oDwif;uRwfvjynhfaeY y0g& PmjyKMuaom oHCmawmfrsm;tm; ab;&efuif;pGm oGm;vmEdkifapa&; twG u f tul t nD r sm;ay;Ed k i f & ef pD p Of a om tpnf ; ta0;jzpf \ / w&m;em,l & ef ? bk & m;zl ; &ef <uvmMuaom &[ef ; oH C mrsm;tm; vrf;c&D;tEÅ&m,fuif;pGm oGm;vma&;acsmarmajyjypfatmif wm0ef ,lMua&;twGufvnf; yg0ifonf/ oDwif;uRwfvjynfhaeYwGif &[ef;awmfrsm; y0g&PmjyKMu ouJo h ?Ykd ewfwaYkd o|feif; odMum;rif;ESihf ewftaygif;wdo Yk nfvnf; y0g& Pm jyKMu\/ &[ef;awmfwdkYonf ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv (227) odu©myk'f pifMu,f&eftwGuf y0g&PmjyKMu&\/ ewfwu Ykd m; rdrw d \ Ykd ewfpnf;pdrf wnfwHhEdkif&eftusdK;twGufvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY oDvoefY&Sif;ap&ef tusdK;twGufvnf;aumif;? ig;yg;oDvudk tNrJapmifhxdef;ukef&um; xdkoDvpifMu,fa&;twGuf y0g&PmjyKMuukef\/ ewf j ynf y 0g&Pmonf u m; omoemtcgumvüvnf ; &Sdonf[lí ,lqMu&m\/ vlYjynf&[ef;awmfwdkY\ y0g&Pmum; omoemwGif;üom &Sdav\/ odMum;rif;onf yd,*FkuRef; r[m0d[m&ausmif;odkYoGm;í? xdkausmif;ü y0g&PmjyK\/ tjcm;aomewfwdkYum; ewfyef;? ewfpE´ul; eHYomwdkYudk ,laqmifMuum rdrdESpfouf&modkYoGm;Muí xdkt&yfwdkYü y0g&PmjyKMuavukef\/

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y0g&PmjyKyH k u m; 0denf;yd#uwf? r[m0gygVdawmfESifh? bmom#Dumü y0g&Pm jyKaom oHCmawmftm; xdek wfyef;? ewfpE´u;l eHo Y mwdYk uyfvLS jcif;onf yif y0g&PmjyKonf[k qdkvdkaMumif;jzihf rSwfcsufjyKonfudk awGU&\/ ¤if;rSwfcsufonf wu,fwef;tm;jzihf y0g&PmjyKjcif;ESihf rqdik [ f x k ifygonf/ trSepf ifppfum; odMum;rif;ESihf ewfwo Ykd nf? oHCm awmf\ txHüom y0g&PmjyKMu&rnfjzpfonf/ odMum;? ewfwYkd y0g&PmjyKvmMuaomtcg tbdnmOf&aom &[ef;wdkYuomvQif jrif&Mum;Mu&ukef\/ wpfyg;aom &[ef;awmfwdkY tzdkY rodrjrifEdkifMuukef&m/ þae&mü &[ef;wdkY jrifjcif;Mum;jcif;? rjrif jcif; rMum;jcif;um; y"mer[kw/f rdrw d Ykd ig;yg;oDvpifMu,fa&;udk y"me xm;í y0g&PmjyKMujcif;om t"dujzpf\/ odMum;rif;ESihf ewfwdkYonf &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; y0g&PmjyKouJhokdY y0g&PmjyKMuonf[k qdkyg onf/ oH C mawmf w d k Y x H y0g&PmjyK&ef avQmuf x m;yH k ]]oH C H baEÅ y0ga&rd ? Mo0'EÅ K rH tm,o® a EÅ m ? ed p ö oD a ve tEk u r® H Oyg'g,...}} ewfwdkYonf txufygpum;jzihfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;enf;wl pum;jzihfvnf;aumif; oHCmawmfxHavQmufxm;í y0g&PmjyKMuukef \/ tbdnmOfr&aom oHCmjzpfaomfvnf; oHCmtm; zdwfMum;jcif;? today;jcif;? t½dt k aojyKjcif;tm;jzihf oHCmxHü y0g&PmjyKMuuke\ f / omoemytcgumvjzpf c J h a omf odMum;rif;ESihfewfwdkY tjyeftvSefjyKMuíaomfvnf;aumif;? w&m;a[mMum;ay;&ef a&muf&Sdvmaom jA[®mrif;wdkYtxHüaomfvnf; aumif;? bk&m;tavmif;awmfponf &aohw\ Ykd txHüaomfvnf;aumif;? y0g&PumjyKMuukef\/ xdkodkYr[kwfrlí odMum;rif;ESihfwuG ewftaygif;wdkYonf? rdrd wpfOD;aomfvnf;? ]]tuREfkyfonf ig;yg;oDv pifMu,f&ef vHkYvjyKygtHh}} [k t"d|mefjyKí? y0g&PmjyKEdkifMu\/ þonfwdkYonfum;? 'DCedum,fygVdawmf? t|uxm 241?

232? ¤if; #Dum 219 ESifh bmom#Dum 92 wdüYk azmfjyyg&Sad om ]]oauúm y0ga&wd}} [laom yg|fudk½Ií azmfjytyfygaom odMum;? ewfwdkY y0g& Pm jyKMuyHktaMumif;rsm;yif jzpfayonf/ "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/

b,folaoa o iawrmNyD;a&m oao rdrdESifhwkduf½dkufywfoufrSom rdrd\cHpm;rIudk jzpfay:apEkdifaomoabmjzpf\/ rdrdonfvlwpfa,muftaejzifh avmutwGif;üaeaomfvnf; avmuwpfckvHk;\aumif;usKd;qkd;jypftwGuf cHpm;&ef rdrdüwm0efr&SdbJ? rdrd\aumif;usKd; qkd;usKd;jypftwGufom cHpm;&efrdrdüwm0ef&Sd\/

xdkYaMumifh pmayrSxkdtjrifrsKd;rQavmufudkom odjrifygvQif xdkvlpm;rsKd; onf ]]b,folaoao iawrmNyD;a&m} [laom vlpm;rsKd;om jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ ]r[kwfygbl;} [lí vSyacsiHaom ynm&Sdpum;vHk;rsm;jzifh jiif;qkdyguvnf; jiif;qkd½HkoufoufrQomjzpfNyD; y&dowfurl? aemufuG,fü &,forG ;f aoG;ayvdrrhf nf/

xdkvlrsKd;um;rdrdukd,fukdomvdrfEkdifpGrf;? nmEkdifpGrf;&SdNyD; tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;udkrl vdrfEkdifpGrf;?nmEkdifpGrf;&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ tu,fí tjcm;olrsm;u,HkMunfvQifvnf; ,m,DcPrQomMumayvdrhfrnf/ rsm;rMumrD xdktvdrftnmonf xif;xif;BuD;ay:vmayvdrfh rnf/ þavmuü opömonfrkom;udkatmifEkdifNrJjzpf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

t,lESihftay; vif ; jrwf (jref r mpm)

uRefawmfonf vlb Y 0udk a&mufaom aMumihf vljzpf&onf/ arG;pt&G,frS BuD;&ifh vmonf/ Bu;D &ifv h mrI\aemufrmS tawG;awG? b0jzwf o ef ; rI a wG pH k a tmif B uH K cJ h & onf / jzwf o ef ; &mb0rS m wpf a ,muf a omol \ ar;cGef;wpfcku uRefawmh&ifudk t&Sdefjyif;jyif; ae&m0if,lcJhonf/ atmifjrifrIonf bmvJ[líyifjzpf onf/ tcdsef&wkdif;ç &wkdif; xdkolYtar;udk awG; Munhfrd&onf/ ydkufqHtrsm;BuD;&SmNyD; csrf;om jcif;onf atmifjrifjcif;yifvm;/ ynmwwf ajrmuf xl;cRefjcif;onf atmifjrifrIyifvm;/ 'grSr[kwf- vlodrsm;ausmfMum;av; pm;cH&jcif;onf atmifjrifjcif;yifvm;rod/ uRefawmftwGuf a&a&&m&mtajzxGufrvm wmu trSeyf if/ ar;cGe;f ar;onho f u l wpfceG ;f aompum;udkawmh uRefawmhudkajymcJhonf/ ]]atmifjrifr[ I m vufxq J yk u f ikd x f m; onhfoJudk avxJvTihfvkdufovdkyJ}} [líjzpf onf/ oJwpfqyk u f kd avxJviT v fh u dk &f if avESifh twl vTihfpif&if; bmrSwifusef&pfrnfrxif/ 'gqdkolajymoGm;onfu atmifjrifrI[m bmrS rusef&pfbl;[líyifjzpfrnfxifonf/ 'gayr,hf xdkolajymonfudk tjynhf t0 raxmufcHrday/ olESihfawGUonhftcgwkdif; 'D t aMumif ; t&mud k y J quf u mquf u m aqG;aEG;rdonf/ wpfaeYrSmolu pdwfvdkvuf& ESihf taMumif;t&mwpfckudkajymjyonf/ tm;euf(pf) [if;rif;a0;\ yifv,f jymESihf wHigtd0k w¬Kukd uReaf wmhtm;ajymjyonf/ xk0d w¬Kxw J iG f ZmwfaqmifwiH gtbd;k Bu;D u rcH csifpdwfjzihf ig;BuD;udk &atmifzrf;cJhonf/ ig;BuD;udk zrf;&mrSxGufvmaomaoG;? ig;BuD;\ n§DeHYaMumihf ig;ref;tkyfu vma&mufwkdufMu onf/ twlwuGwu kd cf u kd Mf u&if; aemufq;kH ü ig;Bu;D rSm ig;ref;awGaMumifh t½d;k omuseaf wmh onf/ olu xyfajymao;onf/ tbdk;BuD; ig;BuD;zrf;í atmifjrifrIudk&onf/ aemufqHk; rSm ig;Bu;D rSmt½d;k omuseaf wmhovdk atmifjrif

rIonfvnf; bmrSr[kwb f ;l [líajymvmonf/ 'gudo k u l vufrmS qkyx f m;onho f u J kd avxJvTifhypfonfESihftwlwlyJ[lí cdkif;EIdif;jy onf/ olajymwmawGukd aoaocsmcsmjyefawG; rdonf/ rSefonf/ uRefawmfonf 0goemt& pma&;onf/ xdu k o f iho f avmuf 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;? uAsmwdkY r*¾Zif;rSmygonf/ 'g[m uRef a wmf \ Bud K ;pm;jcif ; u atmifjrifr[ I k rSw, f x l m;rdonf/ 'gudyk J rwif; wdrEf ikd af o;bJ qufqufNy;D BuKd ;pm;rdonf/ 'gay r,hf wpfck&Sdonf/ wpfaeYrSm uRefawmfonf usd e f ; aoao&awmh r nf / aornh f t csd e f u d k b,f a eY ? b,f v [l í rod w mom&S d r nf / uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf aooGm;NyD[k awG;rd vkdufonf/ raocifrSm BudK;pm;&,lcJhrIawGu aoqHk;csdefrSm bmrSygrvmbJ olYzmomol usef&pfcJhrnfyif/ Opömypönf;wdkYonf om;orD;ajr;jrpf awGtwGuf usef&pfcJhonf/ aumif;aomausmf Mum;rI? 'grSr[kwf raumif;aomausmMf um;rIwYkd &Sdrnfqdk&ifvnf; 'gudkvlawGod&ifodMurnf/ rod & if v nf ; rod E d k i f a y/ tod y nmvnf ; ud, k Ef iS t fh wlwl ajrBu;D xJ jrK§ yEf x HS m;Ny;D om;jzpf rnf/ Ak'¨\a[mMum;rIt& uREfawmfESifh

ygvmrnfrSm wpfckyJ&Sdonf/ 'g[m uREfawmf \ pdwfapwemtavsmufjyKcJhaomaumif;rI? raumif;rItusdK;w&m;awGomjzpfonf/ 'gay rJh oluawmh uRefawmfESihf aemufqHk;awGU&SdcJh csdefu em;xJrxGufEdkifaompum;wpfckawmh csefxm;&pfcJhonf/ oHo&mrSrvGwaf o;aomvljzpfonhf twGuf vlYavmu\ owfrSwfcsufjzpfaom atmifjrifrIudk &atmif,l&rnf/ 'gayr,hf ,l&mrSm w&m;enf;vrf;uszv Ykd o kd nf[ak jym&if; aemufq;kH pum;udak wmh wpfoufv;kH rSwx f m;& rnf[rk mS onf/ ]]ud k , f [ m t&mwpf c k u d k & ,l N yD ; wdkif; wpfjcm;udk jyefvnfrQa0ay;EdkifzdkYudk odxm;&rnf}} [lí jzpfonf/ 'Dpum;onf uReaf wmh &ifx?J ESv;kH om;xJ? em;xJuxGurf nf rxif a wmh a y/ rS e f o nf / &,l N yD ; wd k i f ; jyefvnfay;zdkY odxm;&rnf/ uRefawmfb0twGuf 'gudkodxm;& rnf/ 'gqdk uReaf wmf&,lNy;D aemuf b,favmuf aumjyefay;cJhNyDvJ/ aocsmonf/ avmu twGuf wpfpw kH pfct k usKd ;&Sad om ay;qyfro I nf uRefawmhxHrSm ckcsdefxd a&a&&m&mr&Sdao; wmudkawmh awG;&if;.../ vif ; jrwf (jref r mpm)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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ausmif;ynma&;onf vHk;0aysmufuG,f eD;yg; &SdcJhNyD; bkef;BuD;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;r&Sd udk&if r&SdjzpfcJh&onf/ xdo k nfukd acwftjrif? acwftawG; &SdcJhMuaom t&SifZeumbd0Ho (r[m*E¨m½Hk) q&mawmfu jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd &[ef;oHCmrsm; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; tawG;tac: tajrmftjrif ajymif;vJap&ef tem*wf omoema&;usrf; pmtkyfa&;í rD;armif;xdk;jycJhonf/ EkdifiHawmf tpdk;&uvnf; bkef;awmf BuD;loif ynma&;ausmif;rsm; zGihfvSpfEkdif&efESihf ynmoifMum;ay;Ekdif&ef pwiftm;ay; aqmif &Gufay;cJhygonf/ odkYaomf &GmxdyfNrdKUxdyf&Sd bkef;BuD; ausmif ; rsm;u a&S ; ,cif rd r d w d k Y a usmif ; ü avmuD t wwf y nmjzpf a om pyg;wG u f opfwefwu G f aeYeaH &G;enf;? &uf&mZm? jyó'g; a&G;enf;paom toufarG;0rf;ausmif; ynm rsm; ysKd;BuJenf;? xkyfpD;wdk;? uRrf;xdk;? aus;om; ½dkuf? Muufxkyfypfjcif; paom rdrdudk,fudk umuG,faomynmwdkYudk oifMum;ay;aeonf udk acwfpepfESihftnD ajymif;vJrI rjyKvkyf EkdifMubJ acwfrDtwef;ynm oifMum;rIudk rwwfajrmuf? roifwwfMuí tajccHynm rl v wef ; ausmif ; zG i h f a &;ud k pd w f r 0if p m;? tm;ray; raqmif&GufEkdifMuacs/ 1963 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& vuf x uf ü bk e f ; awmf B uD ; oif ynma&; tajccH a usmif ; rsm;zG i h f v S p f E k d i f a &;twG u f Nrd K Ue,f t vd k u f ynma&;rS L ;rsm; cef Y t yf í zGihfvSpfapcJhygonf/ odkYaomf bkef;BuD;rsm; udk,fwdkif rwwf? roifMum;Ekdifí ratmifjrif cJhMujyefacs/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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ESihfoDv&Sif tyg; 20 wdkYudk þbkef;awmfBuD; oif ynma&;oifwef;ausmif;ü qufvuf oifMum;ay;aeEkdifNyDjzpfygonf/ þuJ h o d k Y a om bk e f ; awmf B uD ; oif ynma&;ausmif;rsm; acwfESihftnD jyefvnf zGiv fh pS o f ifMum;ay;Ekid rf nfqv kd Qif jrefrmEkid if &H dS uav;oli,frsm; rsK;d quftrsK;d bmom pm&dwå ,Ofaus;rIzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufNyD; wpfbufuvnf; EkdifiHom;aumif; &wemomoemh0efxrf;rsm; orD;aumif;&wemrsm;ay:xGe;f vmNy;D tem*wf Ekid if aH wmf\ *kPo f u d m© ESifh trsK;d om;,Ofaus;rI wd k Y wd k ; wuf y G i h f x G e f ; vmrnf [ k ,H k M unf r d ygawmhonf/ wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? bD a t)

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ynmEG , f ({&majr-"Ek j zL) 'Hk;'Hk;csNyD;vQif? ocFg&tppf? þcE¨mtjzpfudk? oES p f u k e f v S e f avS m vsuf ? ÓPf o abm e,fcsJUí? &G,fcJh&if; wpfck? bufawmfygtrIudk ,ckb0? aemifb0? vG,u f pl mG &pdr[ hf ?k vSvBS u;D wifpm;? pGr;f oavmuf BudK;pm;í? tm;wdkufBuD;? cJawmfrlMuygrnhf taMumif;udk? azmhza,mif; wlavQm?f vufq,f yGi?fh ularmfvsu?f ylaZmfum avQmuf0Hhygonf bk&m;/ om"k . ..om"k . ..om"k rSwfcsu suf- a&mufqJ..ckESpfç vç &ufç qef;ç qkwfwdkYudk jyifqif&GwfyGm;MuawmfrlMuyg/ usef ; rmcsrf ; omMuygap/ ynmEG , f ({&majr-"Ek j zL) pmrsuf E S m 32 rS í vdIif;rmefqifaeonhf yifv,fjyifBuD;onf ol r [k w f o nh f t vm;? ol r od o nh f t vm; uefa&jyifuJhodkY NidrfoufoGm;onfukd tm;vHk; aMumifpDpDESihf ai;armMunhfaerdonf/ rmvdefrSL;BuD;onf oufjyif;wpfcsuf udk csvkduf&if; t&mcHrLS ;ukd ajymqdv k u dk o f nf/ ]]tif;..Ak'u ¨ ,fayvdo Yk myJ..Ak'[ ¨ m odyfNyD; wefcdk;BuD;rm;vSygvm;..}} ]]rSefygw,f rmvdefrSL;? jrwfAk'¨[m wefcdk;awmfteEÅeJY jynfhpHkawmfrlygw,f}} toufab;aMumihf pdk;&drfaMumihfvefY aeMuonhf oabFmom;tm;vHk; rsufESmay:ü vnf; tNyHK;yef;rsm; a0qmzl;yGihfaeMuovdk 0rf;omrqH;k jzpfaeMu&Smonf/ rMumrD&uftwGi;f rSmyif rkefwdkif;tEÅ&m,frS vGwfajrmufvmonhf ]]ta&SUwkdif;&wem}} oabFmonf ]]puFmyl}} qdyfurf;odkY a&mufvmonf/ rmvderf LS ;ESiw hf uG oabFmom;tm;vH;k onf vdIif;vHk;xdyfwGif zl;awGUcJh&onhf ½kyfyGm; awmfESihfwlonhf ½kyfyGm;awmfwpfqludk vkdufvH &SmazGMuonf/ uHtm;avsmfpGmyif ÓPfawmf (18) vuf r &S d o nh f ½k y f y G m ;awmf w pf q l u d k awGU&S&d onht f wGuf 0,f,í l tvHwikd x f yd w f iG f ylaZmf xm;cJhonfrSm ,aeYxdwdkifatmifyif jzpfygavawmhonf/ 0efccH suf/ / a'gufwmrif;wifreG \ f ]]jrwfA'k }¨ } pmtkyf ESm-100 rS tjzpftysufudk qDavsmf atmif a&;zGJUxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ous0H o

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f ) ,cif t ywf r S t quf tyk d i f ; (9) AE¨ K vppf o l B uD ; tm; owf j zwf aumovrif;Bu;D \ rqifrjcifvyk rf I rsm;teuf AE¨KvppfolBuD;tm; owfjzwfrIrSm trJpufomru trJuu G Bf u;D jzpfaeonf/ ol\ b0Zmwford ;f rvSjcif;\taMumif;w&m;wnf;jzpf avonf/ AE¨Kvonf ppfa&;pGrf;&nfxufjruf \/ rif;ESijfh ynfot l ay: opömBu;D \/ i,fpOfu wuúov dk jf ynfwiG f aumovrif;om;ESifh ynm oifbufjzpf\/ odkYaomf rif;ajr§mifrif;zsufwdkY \pum;ukd ,kHMunfum AE¨KvppfolBuD;tm; vdrfÓPfqifí owfjzwfvkdufonf/ AE¨KvppfolBuD;tm; owfrdojzihf aemifwBuD;pGm&onf/ xdkaemifwum; olY twGuf tusKd;r&Sdawmhacs/ ol o nf AE¨ K vZeD ; rvd ’ u mtm; awmif;yefonf/ rv’dumum; rdef;rom;yifjzpf aomfvnf; ESvkH;om;BuD;rm;vS\/ uHw&m;\ appm;csuf u k d aumif ; pG m od \ / oH a 0*uk d &if0,fykdufum Zmwdrv’EkdifiHodkY jyefoGm;awmh onf/ odkYaomf rv’dumxm;cJhaom pum; wpfcGef;um; rarhEkdifonhf "r®uxmjzpfae onf/ cif y G e f ; onf AE¨ K vES i h f o m;rsm; aoqkH;onhfaeYwGif rv’dumonf t&Sifom&d ykwå&m rax&fBuD;ESihfoHCmwdkYtm; qGrf;uyf aecsdefjzpf\/ xkdtckduf owif;qkd;BuD; rv’dum xH a&muf&Sdvmonf/ rv’dumum; trlt&m rysuf / qG r f ; quf u yf N rJ quf u yf a e\/ xdktcsdef taptyg; rdef;uav;wpfOD;,lvm onhf axmywft;dk rSm trSww f rJh vGwu f suyJG suf oGm;onf/ t&Sif om&dykwå&mrax&fBuD;u ]] bd Z Æ e "ar® m bd Z Æ w d - uG J y suf w J h t &m[m uGyJ suNfrJ "r®wmjzpf\}} [k rdefYawmfrlvdkufonf/ xkdtcgusrS &ifcGifMum;rSpmudkxkwf ,lNyD; ]]t&Sifbk&m; 'umawmfppfolBuD;ESifh om; 32 a,mufwdkY aoqkH;aMumif; owif; pum; Mum;od N yD ; ygNyD / wynh f a wmf r

rwk e f v I y f c J h y g? od k Y y gvsuf þaxmywf t k d ; aMuuG J o G m ;onf u k d tb,f r S m wk e f v I y f ygrnfenf;}} [k avQmufxm;onf/ rv’dumonf olawmfaumif;pifppf jzpf\/ qifjcifÓPfuif;rJhaomrif;BuD;tm; cGihfvTwfvkdufonf/ rv’dumu cGihfvTwfaomf vnf; uHw&m;u cGihfrvTwfay/ wkefYjyefaom tusKd;ukday;onfrSm ur®ed,mr uHw&m;\ "r®wmjzpfonf/ aumovrif;Bu;D onf olt Y rSm;uko d d í AE¨ K v\wl a wmf o l 'D C um&m,etm; ppfolBuD;cefYonf/ 'DCum&m,eu i,f&G,f oljzpf\/ onf;cHjcif;w&m;ukd twårmeu zkH;vTrf;xm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh aumovrif;BuD; tm; vufwkefYjyef&ef tcGihftcgukdacsmif;ae onf/ wpfaeYwGif aumovrif;BuD;onf ppfonfawmfrsm;ESihftwl jrwfAk'¨oDwif;okH;&m ar'gVKy&G m BuD ; od k Y oG m ;a&muf z l ; ajrmf onf / ar'gVKyonf ouswd k Y \ e,f y ,f wGif &Sdonf/ ausmif;awmfodkY0ifaomtcg jrwf A k ' ¨ t m; ½k d a oav;pm;aomtm;jzih f ppf 0 wf w ef q mrsm;uk d 'D C um&m,exH tyfESHcJhonf/ tcgtcGihfacsmif;aeaom 'DCum&m ,eonf ppf0wfwefqmrsm;uk, d u l m xGuaf jy; onf/ ousEG,f0if 0d##Lbtm; twif;t"r® rif;ajr§mufonf/ rif;BuD; jrwfAk'¨xHyg;rS xGuf cGmvmaomtcg 'DCum&m,eESihfppfonfwdkY

r&SdMuawmh/ oefvsufESihfarmif;rwpfa,muf om usefcJhonf/ olonf tjzpfrSefukd &dyfpm;rdum wl a wmf t Zmwowf x H oG m ;onf / ppf u l awmif ; &ef j zpf \ / od k Y a omf uH w &m;onf ol Y b uf w G i f r &S d a wmh / c&D ; uMurf ; \/ touf t &G , f u vnf ; &S p f q ,f t wG i f ; a&muf & S d a eNyD / vrf ; wG i f qef u G J x rif ; pm;\/ a&aemuf u k d aomuf & \/ El ; nH h aomuk d , f c E¨ m onf 'Pf r cH E k d i f a wmh N yD / &mZN*Kd[fodkYa&mufaomtcg tcsdef vifhaeNyD/ NrKdUwHcg;rsm;yifydwfaeNyD/ armif;r ESihftwl Z&yfay:wGiftdyf&\/ rif;{u&mZf\ aemufq;Hk tcsed u f m; ½kid ;f jyavpG/ olonf xkn d rSmyif tpmraMuaoma0'em? c&D;yef;aom 'PfwdkYukd rvGefqefEkdifawmhbJ ewf&GmpHonf/ toif p m½I o l acwå p Of ; pm;ygOD ; ? aumovrif;BuD;onf aemufqkH;tcsdeftxd Ak'¨tm; tm;yg;w&zl;cJh&\/ w&m;awmfukd vnf; ususee em,lcJh&\/ odkYaomf olonf rnfodkYaomw&m; xl;ukd &&SdoGm;aMumif; þokwfawmfwGif razmf jy/ okwfawmfukdzGihfqkdonfh t|uxmq&m uvnf; wpfpw Hk pf&m zGiq fh jdk cif;rjyK/ (rSwcf suf aemuf a y:usrf ; pmrsm;wG i f u m; aemif y G i h f rnf h q,f q l a ombk & m;wd k Y w G i f aumov rif ; BuD ; uk d xnf h o G i f ; xm;onf / ) jrwfAk'¨onf aumovrif;BuD;jyef oGm;vQifjyefoGm;jcif; &[ef;wdkYtm;ac:,lí

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ þodkYrdefYawmfrlonf/ ]]&[ef;wdYk yaoe'Daumovrif;Bu;D onf "r®apwd,w&m;udkajymMum;í (bmod wGm) ae&mrS zJoGm;\/ "r®apwd,w&m;ukd oif,lMu? aqmifxm;Mu}} [líjzpf\/ aumovrif ; BuD ; ewf & G m pH & yk H u k d ukef;abmifacwfpma&;q&mBuD; OD;yknu-aumov&,f v d k Y ? a&T e ef ; pH & me&d e f r S cgcsdefwefysufpNrJ[mrkdY? pGJrdoHa0?

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cH & &S m onh f 'G d [ d w f y k * ¾ K d v f B uD ; aywnf ; -[k a&;om;rdefYrSmcJhzl;onf/ aumovrif ; BuD ; \trS m ;'Pf aumovrif;BuD;\trSm;Zmwfvrf; um; rNyD;qkH;ao;ay/ olonf Ak'¨tm; tvGef trif;cspfcifojzihf aqGrsKd;awmfpyf&ef BuH\/ omuD 0 if r if ; wd k Y x H r S orD ; unmquf o &ef awmif;cH\/ omuD0ifwu Ykd m; Zmwdrmefjyif;xef Mu\/ rdrdwdkYrsKd;EG,fwGif tjcm;aoG;aESmrnfukd pdk;&GHUMu\/ xkdYaMumihf aumovrif;BuD;u owd k Y o rD ; awmf awmif ; aomtcg r[m emr rif ; om;BuD ; \uRef r em*rk @ mwd k Y r S zG m ;jrif a om 0gobcwå d , muk d quf o Mu\/ aumovrif ; BuD ; uvnf ; rd z k & m; wifajr§mufum jrwfEkd;pGm aygif;oif;Mu\/ 0gobcwåd,monf 0d##Lbukd zGm;jrif\/ omuD 0 if w d k Y t rS m ; 0d##Lb t&G,fa&mufaomf bkd;bGm; wdkYpH&m uydv0wfodkYoGm;onf/ omuD0ifwdkY onf 0d##Lbtm; tjyifyef;tm;jzihf aumif;rGef pG m quf q H M u\/ 0d # #Lb jyef o G m ;aomf xkad e&mudk uRerf om;xkid cf o Jh nhaf e&m[k qJqdk um Ek&Yd nfjzihf aq;aMumMu\/ xkt d aMumif;ukd vufeufarhusefíjyefvm,laom rif;csif;wpf a,mufu Mum;oGm;\/ 0d##Lbtm; jyefvnf avQmufwif\/ 0d##Lbonf ]]þrQavmuf trsK;d rmef 0ihf0gonfh omuDwdkYtm; wpfaeYwGif vufpm; acsrnf/ oif;wdu Yk igxkid cf o hJ nhaf e&mudk Ek&Yd nf jzihf aq;aMumvQif igu oif;wdkY\vnfacsmif; aoG;jzihf aq;aMumrnf}} [k Budrf;0g;cJhonf/ aumovrif;Bu;D uvnf; uRerf orD; 0gobcwåd,tm; qufo&ygrnfavm [k omuD0ifwdkYtay: tcJraus&Sd\/ om;trd ESpaf ,mufwt Ykd m; &mxl;taqmifta,mifrsm; yif ½kwfodrf;\/ þtaMumif;udk Ak'¨tm; avQmuf x m;&mrS m Ak ' ¨ u - ]]rsKd ; ½k d ; [l o nf tbbuf u om t"d u jzpf \ ? a&S ; tcgu xif ; acG o nf r S arG ; zG m ;aom ol i ,f o nf yif 12 ,l Z em us,f 0 ef ; aomEk d i f i H B uD ; uk d pd k ; rk d ; zl ; onf [ k u|0g[eZmwf a wmf u k d a[mawmf r l o nf / rif ; BuD ; trsuf a jyí 0gobcwåd,mESihf om;wkdYtm; a&S;twdkif; pnf;pdrfjyefvnfcsD;jr§ihfonf/ 0d # #Lb\trS m ; 0d # #Lbonf rif ; ysKd r if ; vG i f y D y D cG i h f r vT w f E k d i f / aumovrif ; BuD ; vG e f a omf wpfaeYwGif omuDwdkYtm; owfjzwf&ef ppfcsD onf/

35

jrwfA'k o ¨ nf omuDwt Ykd m; u,fq,f &ef 0d##LbppfcsDvmonfh vrf;aMumif;ay:&Sd aeylusJusJ t&dyfenf;onhf opfyifatmufwGif xkdifaeawmfrlonf/ ,if;ukd 0d##Lbjrifojzihf &Sdckd;OD;csum ar;avQmufonf/ ]]t&Sifbk&m; þopfyif&if;wGif xkdifawmfrrlygvihf/ wynhf awmf \ e,f p yf t &d y f t m0goaumif ; onf h þanmifyif&if;odkY <uawmfrlyg[k avQmuf\/ Ak'¨u- ]]aqGawmfrsKd;awmfwdkY\t&dyf um; at;jr\}} [k rdefYawmfrlonf/ 0d##Lbonf jrwfAk'¨\tvkdawmfukd &dyfpm;rdum wyfacgufjyefoGm;onf/ okH;Budrf wkdifjzpf\/ pwkw¦tBudrf ppfcsDvmaomtcg jrwfAk'¨ ppfajrjyifodkY <uawmfrrlNyD/ omuDwdkY onf a&S;b0wpfcu k jrpftwGi;f odYk tqdyrf sm; pdwfwlukd,frQ twlwuGcscJhMu\/ xkdty&m y&d,uHa<u;ukd ay;qyfcsed af &mufvmNy/D bk&m; yifvQif u,fcGihfr&SdNyD/ 0d##Lb\ppfwyfBuD;onf omuDwdkY tm; xifwdkif;owfjzwfacsrIef;cJhMuNyD; tjyef c&D;wGif tpd&0wDjrpfurf;ESifh oJaomifjyifay: wGif pcef;csMuonf/ xkdnrSmyif rkd;BuD;onf; xefpGm &GmoGef;ojzihf jrpfa&wGif tm;vkH;arsm ygum toufqkH;Mu&ayonf/ ur® e d , mrw&m;cG i f oHo&mc&D;um; aMumufzG,f&SdpG/ &mxl;tmPmwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? pnf;pdrfOpömwdkYonfvnf;aumif; rsufvSnhf yrm wpfcPjzpfMuukef\/ vufeufEkdifiH BuD ; &S i f ouf O D ; qH y k d i f b k & if wpf y g;jzpf c J h aom aumovrif;BuD;onf azmfjycJhonhf twd k i f ; taorvS c J h a y/ vuf p m;acspd w f j yif ; xef a om 0d # #Lbonf v nf ; tvm;wl a oqk H ; cJ h & \/ trsKd ; ud k c spf v S c snf & J U qk d a om omuD 0 if wd k Y o nf v nf ; rsKd ; wk H ; vk e D ; yg; owf j zwf c H cJhMu&\/ ,if;jzpf&yfwdkYonf avmuwpfcGif twkvH twkrJhjzpfaom jrwfAk'¨a&SUarSmuf wGifyif wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh jzpfay:cJh\/ u,f w if c G i h f r &cJ h avmuwG i f jzpf y suf o rQt&m tm;vkH;onf taMumif;w&m;ESihfuif;uGmí rjzpf/ taMumif;aMumihfom tusKd;jzpf\/ wkdufqkdifrI[lonf vlwdkYowfrSwfxm;aom ,l q csuf w pf & yf o mjzpf \ / trS e f p if p pf taMumif ; &S d í tusKd ; ay:vmjcif ; jzpf onf / taMumif;w&m;qk&d mrSmvnf; eD;uyf pmrsuf E S m 37 ok d Y

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"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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xnfjzifh uxdefcif;cGifh jyKygonf/ (2) uxd e f o uF e f ; &[ef ; wd k Y 0wf ½ k H & aomouF e f ; rS m vl w umwd k Y pG e f Y y pf x m;aomt0wf p wd k Y u k d a&G;aumufavQmzf yG ?f csKypf yf? aq;qk;d í0wfqif &aom ouFef;rsKd;jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf vSLol&Sdu rnfonhfouFef; rqkd okH;ykdifcGihf&Sdygonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYu 0gqko d uFe;f ESifh uset f csed w f üYkd vnf; tcsed rf a&G; ouFef;rsm; uyfvSLylaZmfMuygonf/ od&Yk mwGif uxdeo f uFe;f uku d m; tcsed f ra&G; uyfvLS ír&yg/ oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf usmf (1)&ufrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfaeYtxdom uyfvSLcGihf&í tcsdeftykdif;tjcm;ESihf uefYowf vSL'gef;&aom umv'geouFef;rsm; jzpfMu ygonf/ &[ef ; awmf r sm;taejzih f vS L yg[k awmif;qkdcGihfr&Sd/ vSLol\ apwemo'¨gw&m; tay: rlwnfvLS 'gef;&ojzihf (apwemouFe;f ) vnf; rnfygonf/ (3) uxd e f o uF e f ; vS L aomyk * ¾ K d v f rnfolrqkd vSLEkdifygonf/ (vl? &SifomraP? &[ef;? ewf vSLí&ygonf) vSL'gef;onhftcg oHCmhtzGJUtm; vS L &onf / yk * ¾ K d v f w pf O D ; wpf a ,muf t m; &nfñeT ;f um vSLír&yg/ &vmonho f uFe;f ukrd S oHCmhtzGJUu uxdefcHrnfh&[ef;tm; ay;tyf ygonf/ (4) uxd e f o uF e f ; vS L csd e f oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf(1)&ufrS tpjyKí wefaqmifrek ;f vjynhaf eYtxd (wpfv) rdrdESpfouf&m tqifajy&m &ufwpf&ufwnf;

ukdom vSLEkdifygonf/ wpfausmif;ukd (1)Budrf? (1)&uf wnf;om vSL&ygonf/ wpfausmif;wnf;ukd tBudrfBudrfvSLír&yg/ xk d Y a Mumih f uxd e f c if ; csd e f ? uxd e f ouFe;f vSLcsed o f nf (1)ESpw f iG f (1)v? (1)vwGif (1)&ufwnf;om vSL'gef;&ygonf/ wpfaeY wpfnwnf; tNyD;&ufvkyf csKyfqkd;í qufuyfylaZmfaom rokd;ouFef; onf v nf ; uxd e f o uF e f ; rnf y gao;onf / xkdouFef;rsKd;vnf; qufuyfEkdifygonf/ (5) uxd e f c H c G i h f & S d a om yk * ¾ K d v f &[ef;wdkif;? uxdefcHír&yg/ uxdefcHcGihf&Sdaom&[ef;onf (yk&dr 0guyfNyD;? y0g&PmjyKNyD;? 0gusKd;0gysufr&Sdaom &[ef; jzpf&rnft h jyif ouFe;f &Sm;yg;aom yk*K¾ v d f jzpf&ygrnf/ ouFef; EGrf;yg;olOD;a&rsm;vQif 0godu©mBuD;aom&[ef;? ouFef;ypönf;aygyg uvnf; 0godu©mBuD;aom &[ef;om) jzpf& ygrnf/ (6) uxd e f c if ; yk H oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;onf &&Sdxm;aom ouFef;ukd ,laqmifí odrftwGif;odkY 0ifa&muf um azmf j yygt&nf t csif ; ES i h f j ynh f o l t m; xkdouFef;ukd ay;tyfygonf/ ouFef;onf (oif;ykdif? {uoD? 'kuk#f) wpf c k c k j zpf y gu rd r d 0 wf x m;aom qk d i f & m ouFef;ukd OD;pGmpGefY&ygonf/ ¤if;ukd (ypöK'GKd&f) jyKonfac:ygonf/ ¤if;aemuf ]]þouFef;jzihf uxdefcif; ygonf}} [k qkd&onf/ ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY þouFef;jzihf uxdef

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ cif;ygonf}} [k qkd&onf/ ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY þoHCmtzGJUonf uxdefcif;NyD;ygNyD}} ]]bk&m;&Si\ f 0denf;awmfEiS fh avsmn f D ygonf}} ]]om"ktEkarm'em ac:qkdMuyg}} [k yefMum;í &[ef;tm;vkH; om"kac:qkdMu&yg onf/ azmfjyygtpDtpOfrsm;ukd ur®0gpm&Gwf zwfí odrftwGif; aqmif&Guf&ygonf/ (7) uxd e f o uF e f ; rS &[ef ; wd k Y & &S d a om tusKd ; w&m;(5)yg; uxdefcif;aomausmif;wGif oDwif; okH;aomoHCmawmfrsm;teuf (1) yk&dr0grS uRwfawmfrljcif;? (2) 0gusKd;0gjywfr&Sdjcif;? (3) odrftwGif; uxdefuHaqmifjcif;[laom t*Fg okH;&yfESihfnDaom &[ef;onf oDwif;uRwf vjynhaf usmf (1)&ufaeYrS wefaqmifrek ;f vjynhf aeYtxd uxdecf if;aomaeYrt S pjyKí waygif; vjynhaf eYtxd atmufygtusK;d w&m;ig;yg;ukd &&SdcHpm;Ekdifygonf/ 1/ cGihfyefMum;jcif;r&SdbJ NrKdUwGif;&GmwGif; qGrf; pm;<uEkdifjcif;/ 2/ t"d|mefwifaomouFe;f ukd raqmifbo J mG ; Ekdifjcif;/ 3/ ]xrif;pm;<uyg} [k rtyfaomyifhzdwfjcif; ukd vufcHpm;okH;Ekdifjcif;/ 4/ &orQouFef;ukd t"d|mefrwifbJ xm;Ekdif jcif;/ 5/ ausmif;wdkuftwGif;&Sd oHCmtm;vSLorQ ouFef;ukd ykdifqkdifcGihf&Sdjcif; ponfwdkYjzpfyg onf/ (8) jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIorkdif;ESihf qufpyfaeykH bk&m;&Sif\rdaxG;awmf r[myZm ywda*gwrDonf tavmif;awmfo'd w ¨ r¦ if;om; b0uyif pm;0wfaea&;ukd yg0ifjyKpkcJh&onf/ bk&m;jzpfaomtcgüvnf; ighom;awmftm; iguk, d w f idk f Muyfrwf &ufvyk f csKyq f ;dk í ouFe;f uyfvSLrnf[laom&nf&G,fcsufjzihf 0g*Grf;rS csnfacsmydwftkyfouFef;wpfxnf aeYcsif;NyD; &ufvyk yf al Zmfco hJ nf/ aemifwiG v f nf; eef;wGi;f ü &ufuef;pifrsm;aqmufí ,SOfNyKdif&ufvkyf apcJNh y;D eefwiG ;f olrsm;ukd qkcsczhJ ;l onf/ aeYcsi;f ncsi;f Ny;D ouFe;f uyfvLS yGrJ sm; jyKvyk cf yhJ gonf/ (Oy&dyPÖmot|uxm? 0db*Fokwf) ,if;tpOftvmonf wefaqmifrek ;f vjynhfnü aeYcsif;ncsif;NyD; rokd;ouFef; vSL'gef;usif;yyGJrsm;tjzpf ,aeYwkdif jzpfwnf vmcJhygonf/

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urÇmOD;tp MumouFef;tppfonf bk&m;yGihfay:&ma'oü MumyifaygufvmNyD; MumyGihfü y&du©&m(8)yg;ESihftwl MumouFef; ygvm&m ,if;ukd jA[®mBuD;wdkYu qGwfcl;odrf;,l xm;ygonf/ bk&m;avmif;awmxGufawmfrlcsdef a&mufrS ¤if;ukd qufuyfvSL'gef;vdkufygonf/ ¤if;urÇmOD;tp MumouFef;tppfukd rSwf,lí rokd;ouFef;wdkYwGif MumyifrS MumrQifrsm;ukd,l um cJ&mcJqpf rokd;ouFef;,ufvkyfí ylaZmf vSL'gef;vmMuygonf/ ¤if;rok;d ouFe;f uyfvLS rIudk ,aeYwidk f aumif ; jrwf a omtpOf t vm tarG w pf & yf tjzpf awGUjrifEkdifygonf/ uxdefouFef;onf yk*¾vduwpfOD; wpfa,mufwnf;ay;vSLír&bJ oHCmtzGJU tpnf;uom uxdefcH&rnfhyk*¾Kdvftm; xkd&vm onhfouFef;ukd ay;tyf&ygonf/ þtcsuf onf owdjyKp&mwpf&yfjzpfygonf/ uxd e f y G J ü tvS L &S i f w d k Y pk a ygif ; í

ya'omyifü vSLzG,fypönf;tpkpkukd ya'om yif NyKdifqkdifpGm oD;Muygonf/ NyD;vQif rJayguf aomausmif;awmfokdY tkd;pnfAkHarmif;? twD; trIwf? tutckef pkHvifpGmjzihf pDwef;vSnhf vnf oGm;a&mufum ay;ydkYvSL'gef;MuonfrSm MunfEl;aysmf&Tifp&m jrifuGif;wpf&yfukdvnf; ,aeYtcg awGUjrifEkdifygonf/ 0denf;awmfESihfavsmfnDpGm vufcH&&Sd aom uxdefouFef;onf jrwfaypG/ pkaygif; vkyt f m; ÓPtm;ESifh vSL'gef;Muaom ya'om yifyv JG nf; vSaypG/ &Sio f mraP? &[ef;oHCm? jynf o l vl t rsm;? ewf t rsm;wd k Y t zk Y d v nf ; tusKd;BuD;aypG/ ouFef;&&Sdaom &[ef;yk*¾Kdvf wkdYonfvnf; tusKd;rsm;aypG/ þtusKd;w&m;? tvStywdkY ckdifcHh NrJNrHapaomt&monf uxde (ac:) uxdef yGJawmfyifjzpfayawmhonf/ oD v rk d ; puf y G i h f ñT e f ; - 0d e nf ; r[m0g?

Oy&d y PÖ m ot|uxm

pmrsuf E S m 35 rS aomtaMumif;w&m; (Immediate cause) ESihf a0;vHaomtaMumif;w&m; (remote cause) [lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ 0d##LbaMumihf omuD0if wdkY aoqkH;&jcif;onf eD;uyfaomtaMumif; w&m;jzpf\/ 0gobcwåd,mtm; omuD0if rif;orD;yg[k vdrfnmay;qufjcif;onf yxr a0;vHaomtaMumif;w&m;jzpf\/ ZmwfpGJ rsKd;pGJ pGJuyfaeaom acwfumvwGif tajctaeukd rokH;oyfbJ rsKd;rwl Zmwfjcm; rdef;rom;udkrS &,lvkdaom aumovrif;BuD;\vkyf&yfonf 'kwd,a0;vHaomtaMumif;w&m;jzpf\/ aumovrif ; BuD ; \ yxrtrS m ;? omuD0ifwdkY\ 'kwd,trSm;? 0d##Lb\ wwd,

xyfqifhtrSm;wdkYonf trSm;ay:trSm;qihfum wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf wpfokwfNyD;wpf okwf aoaMuysufpD;jcif;wnf;[laom &v'f qkd;rsm;ukd zefwD;ay;aomuGif;qufrsm;jzpfay onf/ aumovrif;Bu;D onf vnf;aumif;?

0d##Lbonfvnf;aumif;? omuD0ifrif;wdo Yk nf vnf;aumif;? ukd,fjyKaomtrIukd ukd,fcHpm; oGm;&jcif;jzpfayonf/ þonfyif Ak'¨bmomu azmfjyae aom ur®ed,mr uHw&m;\obm0jzpfay onf/ ñT e f ; - r[mAk ' ¨ 0 if quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf /

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[m ylavmifrIenf;yg;wJhtwGuf at;jraom arwåm"mwfEiS hf ,SOpf yfwzJG ufz&Ykd m toift h ae txm;rSm &SdaeNyDvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ 'Doabmw&m;awGaMumihf arwåm bm0emtxajrmuf&eftwGuf a&mif&h v J , G o f l tjzpf rdrdudk,fudk OD;pGmjznhfusifhxm;zdkY vdktyf aMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifrS vrf;ñTefjyawmf rlwmyg/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) ñT e f ; = arwå m ok w f

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"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

a&S;uESihf ,ckrwl q&mawmf O D ; eE´ (rEÅ a v;)

a&S;uESi, fh ckrwl ajymif;vJuek Mf uNy/D ajymif;rSmayhg avmutwGif;ü &SdMuukefaom obm0w&m;wdkYukdu b,f[mwpfckrS wnfNrJ í &yfwnfEkdifwmr&Sd? tNrJrjywf ajymif;vJí aeukeMf u\/ 'Dawmh ajymif;vJjcif;[m obm0 \ ed,mrwpf&yfygyJ/ 'Dawmh ajymif;vJrSmyJ/ tpm;taomuf taetxkid t f p? qif,ifx;Hk zGUJ rIawG? vlaerIpepfawG? tusiphf m&dwaå wG? ynm a&;awG ? tod t jrif a wG ? bmoma&;awG tm;vkH; ajymif;ukefMuNyD/ 'Dvkd ajymif;vJvmwJh tcg aumif;wJhbufu raumif;wJhbufukd ajymif;vJwmvnf;&Sd&JU? raumif;wJhbufu aumif ; wJ h b uf u k d ajymif ; vJ w mvnf ; &S d & J U / odaYk omfvnf; rsm;aomtm;jzihf aumif;wJb h uf u raumif;wJhbufukd ajymif;vJwmu rsm;yg w,f/ ygyod® &H rwdraemwJ?h pdw[ f m raumif;rI ü arGUavsmfw,fvdkY qkdxm;wmukd;/ 'Dawmh raumif;wJhbufukd ajymif;vJwmu rsm;&rSm ayhg/ wdrYk sm; i,fi,fwek ;f u t*Fvyd af cwf awm&GmawGrSm twef;ausmif;u vkH;0r&Sdao; yg// bke;f Bu;D ausmif;awGom &SMd uyg\/ ausmif; om;[loíwdo Yk nf bke;f Bu;D ausmif;om;rsm;om jzpfMuyg\/ ausmif;om;rsm;&JUtaztarwdkY uvnf; bke;f Bu;D ausmif;xGuaf wGyjJ zpfMuyg\/

bkef;BuD;u aus;&Gmtay:ü tvGefyJ MoZm tmPm&Sdyg\/ tu,fí ausmif;om;ausmif; ajy;vdYk (2)&uf (3)&ufausmif;a&mufrvmvQif olt Y aztarac:Ny;D eifwo Ykd m;ausmif;rvmwm (2)&uf (3)&uf&SdNyD? tckjyefydkYyg? rydkY&if eifwdkY yg ½kdufr,f oGm;- [k aigufvTwf\/ wynhf awmfwYkd rodvu dk v f yYdk gbk&m; jrefjrefjyefyyYkd gr,f bk&m;[k avQmufí jyefajy;&\/ ausmif;om; ukd rawGUawGUatmif&SmNyD; jyefydkY&\/ ausmif; om;a&mufvnf;vma&m a[haumif xGufajy; arSmufprf;[kckdif;um xef;yvyfESihf ½kdufawmh \/ tazESihftarvnf; bmrSrajym&Jbl;? x jyefajy;&awmh\/ bkef;BuD;[m aus;&Gmtay: rSm tJ'Davmuf MoZmtmPm&SdcJh\/ tJ'Dwkef;u taztarupNyD; bkef; BuD ; ausmif ; xG u f a wG j zpf a wmh bk e f ; BuD ; eJ Y pum;ajymwwfw,f? ½kdaoMuw,f? av;pm; Muw,f? aMumufMuw,f/ om;&SifjyKawmhr,f qk&d if bke;f Bu;D ausmif;ukd oGm;Ny;D avQmuf&w,f/ bk e f ; BuD ; ay;wJ h & uf u k d vS L &w,f / rvS L cif wpfvavmufu BuKdwifNyD; o&P*kH ouFef; awmif; ykwD;pdyfavhusihf&ef &Sifavmif;[m ausmif;rSmtdyf&w,f/ ukd&ifuvnf; (2)0g (3)0g txd 0wf E k d i f M u\/ tJ ' D w k e f ; u arwåmxm;MuykHuawmh ESpf0rf;uGJokH;0rf;uGJudk

t&if ; yJ [ k cspf c if M u\/ av;pm;Mu\/ bmoma&;qkv d nf; trsK;d orD;rsm;[m ouFe;f eJY awmif rxdaumif;bl;? odrfxJr0ifaumif;bl; txd bmoma&;ukd ½kad oMu\/ av;pm;Mu\/ okdYaomfvnf; olwdkYacwfrSm w&m; tm;xk w f w J h a cwf r [k w f í 0d y óemqk d w J h emrnfuadk wmh Mum;yifrMum;zl;Muay/ bmom a&;\tajctjrpfukdvnf; rodMuay/ aemuf wjznf;jznf;ESihf twef;ausmif;awGay:vm awmh\/ (bOD;a&ul;aeonf? aq;ukír&yg [katmf\) bke;f Bu;D ausmif;uvnf; earmwó [k atmf\/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;u bOD;a&ul;ae onfudk uJ&h UJ \/ av;wef;ausmif;om;u pmukd acsmif;acsmif;ajy;zwfwwf\/ oifykef;BuD; av;acgufjyef bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;u pmukd acsmatmifrzwfwwf/ aemuf twef;ynmu vuf&Sdpm;0wfaea&;ukd wm0ef,lonfjzpfí eHygwf(1) bkef;BuD;ausmif;ynmu bmoma&;? oHo&ma&; aemufta&;jzpfí eHygwf(2) jzpf awmh\/ 'gaMumihf vuf&SdeHygwf(1)ta&;ukd ajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef twef;ausmif;rSmom taersm; vmawmh\/ bke;f Bu;D ausmif;rSm ausmif;om;r&Sd jzpfjyefawmh\/ 'DwGif bmoma&;ESihf a0;uGmoGm;& awmh\/ om;&Sijf yKawmhr,fq&dk ifuydk J bke;f Bu;D a&SUroGm;awmhbJ qkdif;wdkY bdodufwdkYu ay;wJh &ufukd vSLMuawmh\/ udk&ifuvnf; ausmif; ydwfwJh&ufuav;om&í okH;ig;&ufavmufyJ 0wfNyD; xGuf&awmh\/ bmoma&;ESihfa0;oGm; &jyefawmh\/ 'gaMumifh ,cktcgrSm Ak'b ¨ mom 0iftrsm;pk[m bkef;BuD;ausmif;ukd ra&mufzl; Mu? bkef;BuD;eJYpum;rajymwwfMu? bmoma&; udk pdwfr0ifpm;Mu? avmuta&;ukdyJ pdwf0if pm;Mu\/ bmoma&;ukd rvkdvJ vkdvJom

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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