Dhamma Vira Journal, DV26-09 by Thomas Winn

Comforting wisdom for life

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pum;ajy/ / twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef (jzpfNyD; jzpfvwåHU jzpfqJ) jzpfaom pnf;pdrf Opöm ukd,f cE¨mwku Yd dk wPSm,lzrf; pGv J rf; awmifw h aMumihMf u jcif;r&Sd/ aMumihfMupGJvrf;p&m bmwpfck rSr&Sd aomol u k d jAm[® P [k igbk & m;a[mMum; awmfrl\/

1/ t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H 2/ t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf 3/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf 4/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf 5/r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf 6/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw a'guw f mb'´EyÅ nm0Ho(Ph.D) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

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jzef Y c sd a &; atmifoef;aZmf vIid Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d f zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar Info-Tech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 01-507208 , 09-73273185 E-mail - tinsoevira@gmail.com

vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f taqmif(1)? tcef;(6)? jrefrmtifzw dk uf? wuúov dk rf sm; vdiI ef ,fajr

EDITORIAL

"r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

a'go? tmCmwtpGuJ if;ygrS avmuvlY&mG csr;f omygrnf

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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b0vrf;ñTef 38- jzm r*Fvmrdwfquf (35) zk | ó avmu"ar® [ d pd w å H , ó e urÜ w d aumif ; qd k ; ES p f w ef avmu"H onf ; cH E d k i f w m &[EÅ m / (35) Phut.t.hassa lokadhammehi . Cittam yassa Na kkampati A mind unshaken by changing worldly conditions

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tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f (32) rH k & G m aeZm

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yef;wdkifodkY a&muf&SdEdkifonf/ jzpfpOfoHk;ck wdkY\ uGJjym;jcif;udk twdkqHk; pum;vHk;jzifh qd k & vQif jzpf p Of w pf E S i f h E S p f o nf tum oabm ouf0ifí jzpfpOfoHk;onf tESpf oabmouf0ifonf/ xdkYtwl "r®ESifh rpyfaom? opöm av;yg;ES i f h rouf q d k i f a omrnf o nf h pmayrqd k tumoabmü ouf 0 if í "r® E S i f h p yf a om? opö m av;yg;ES i f h pyf a om? ud a vom pif M u,f a Mumif ; jzpf a om rnf o nf h p mayrqd k tES p f oabm ouf 0 if o nf [ k qd k & onf / tumonf tumtwdkif;twmtavsmuf toHk;0ifouJhodkY tESpfonfvnf; tESpf twdkif;twm yrmPt& tzdk;xdkufwef onfom jzpfonf/ Ak'¨\ "r®pmaywdkYonf tESpfom& jynfh0jcif;udk oDvu©E¨0*fygVd awmf ü qd k o nf r S m - ]aom"r® H a'aowd tm'duvsmPH raZÑuvsmPH y&da,mome uvsmPH omw¬H oAsÍÆeH au0vy&dykPÖH y&dok'¨H jA[®p&d,H yumaowd}[k qdkonf/ t"dyÜm,frSm bk&m;&Sif\ "r®onf tp? tv,f? tqHk; oHk;yg;aom aumif;jcif; ES i f h jynf h p H k \ / teuf ? o'´ g tm;vH k ; ES i f h jynfpHk\/ npfaMu;rxif jzLpif\/ xdkYtwl bk & m;&S i f \ "r® o nf opö m w&m;jzpf \ / udavomukefjcif;udk &nfñTef;OD;wdkufaom "r®jzpf\/ vlwpfOD; wpfa,muf\ b0jzpf wnfrIonf ,if;b0ESifh pyfvsOf;í oludk,f wdkif cH,lem;vnfxm;aom tawG;tjrif\ a&mif j yef y H k & d y f y if j zpf o nf / tm;&zG , f r&S d a om b0tajcud k awmf v S e f v k d konfqdkvQif OD;pGmtawG;tjrifESifh cH,lxm; rI r sm;tm; pd p pf a 0zef awmf v S e f & rnf jzpfonf/ ud a vom EG H t d k i f u d k jzwf o ef ; Mu&mwGif uRESfyfwdkY\tp rnfrQyif aumif; ygap aemuf q H k ; ta&;ygonf u m; cH E d k i f &nf&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ cHEdkif&nf&Sdjcif;[lonf tcuf t cJ r sm;ud k BuH U BuH U cH í wnf N rJ wnf a ejcif ; xuf r uyg/ prf ; oyf r I r sm;? twm;tqD;rsm;? aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;rI rsm; odkYr[kwf n§Of;yef;EdSyfpufrIrsm; cH&

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/

aomtcg arQmf v if h c suf uif ; rJ h r oG m ;bJ pdwf&Snfjcif;? owdå&Sdjcif;ESifh NrJNrHjcif;wdkY &SdzdkYvdkonf/ urÇmBuD;onf rsufarSmufumv ü odyHÜynm&yfaMumifh todÓPfwdk;wufNyD; tajctaet&yf&yfudk pl;prf;qifjcif oHk; oyfvmMuygonf/ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f rsm;\ Ncd r f ; ajcmuf r I E S i f h t wl vl r I ' k u © BuH K awG U ae&aom urÇ m h v l o m;tm;vH k ; twGuf jrwfAk'¨\ owdy|mefav;yg; 0dy óemw&m;onf Nidrf;csrf;pGm b0 wnf aqmufa&;ü av;euf? rSefuefaom b0 a&SUaqmif rD;jywdkufozG,f jzpfvm ygonf/ uREk f y f w d k Y rsuf a rS m uf awG U BuH K &aom zwf½IU? Munf½IU? em;axmif&mwdkYudk owdjyK&rnfjzpfonf/ ,aeYumv azsmfajz a&;ESifh aMumfjimvkyfief;rsm;onf aoG;om; qE´rsm;udk ajzodrafh y;aom toHEiS hf ½kyyf rkH sm;

udk w&pyfxkwfvkyfay;aeonf/ uREkfyfwdkY ES v H k ; om;xJ w G i f xd k t &m tenf ; i,f r Q tjrpf rpGJap&ef pdwfydkif;jzwfoifhonf/ pifMu,fí rnpfnL;aom ESvHk;udk quf í xd e f ; od r f ; xm;&ef uREk f y f w d k Y tqufrjywf owd&Sd&rnf/ jzpfpOftm;vHk; udk ed*Hk;csKyfaomf jrwfAk'¨\ "r®pmayonf b0\ tjrif h q H k ; aom tES p f o m&ud k vnf ; aumif ; ? wef z d k ; ud k v nf ; aumif ; ? rD ; armif ; xd k ; jyaom wpf c k w nf ; aom "r® p mayjzpf a omaMumif h tES p f o m&ud k tvdk&Sdaom? b0jzpfwnfrI\ tjrifhqHk;aom wefzdk;udk tvkd&Sdaom rnfolrqdk jrwfAk'¨\ "r®pmayESifh teD;qHk;ae&modkY a&TUvsm;&rnf jzpf o nf / b0Mur® m \ rsuf E S m omay;rI ydkrdk&&Sdaom olonf "r®ESifh teD;qHk;ae&modkY vG,fulpGm a&muf&SdEdkifrnf jzpfonf/ "r®odkY

pmrsuf E S m 23 rS qufqHaejcif;wnf;/ þodkYvQif xHk;ESpfrsKd;&Sdacs&mwGif.... tavmif;awmfwkdYxHk; ESvHk;rlvsufu y,fzsufxdkufonfh trdkufxHk;udk OD;pGm rdrdpdwfrS AHk;AHk;vJusaponftxd wdkufzsufjyMu &m\/odkYr[kwf rdrdudk,frdrd ,Ofaus;apjcif;jzihf olwpfyg;wdkYvnf; ,Ofaus;ap&m\/ qdkvdkonfrSm u/ vlwdkYu avmbtBuD;csif;NydKif tEkdifvkaeMu&m.... rdrdwdkYu avmbtenf;csif;NydKifum tEkdif,ljywwfMu&m \/ c/ vlwdkYu a'goBuD;csif;NydKiftEkdifvkaeMu&m rdrdwdkYu udavomtenf;csif;NydKifum tekdif,ljywwfMu &m\/ */ vlwdkYu udavomtBuD;csif;NydKiftEdkifvkaeMu&m rdrdwdkY u udavomtenf;csif;NydKiftEkdif,ljywwfMu&m\/ xkdodkY udk,fwGufvnf;ydkif? olwpfyg;wdkYudkvnf; udkifrdvmNyD qdkaom tcgwGifrSom rsufpdvnfvrf;rSm; pdwfxm;p½dkuf? qdk;rdkufvsuf &SdMuyg ukefaom a0ae,savmuom;rsm\ tay:wdkY odkY?rD;ab;'ku©onfrsm;yrm jrifwwfMunhfwwfjcif;?temBuD;a&m*g onfrsm;yrm ½Iwwfjrifwwfjcif;þuJhodkYaom tjrifrSef tMunhfrSef rsm;jzihfom udk,fcsif;pmw&m; arwåmxm;um az;rulnDwwfMu &m\/ odkYr[kwfutMunfrSm; tjrifrSm;rsm;aMumihf rdrdonfyif rD;ab;'ku©onf rdrdonfyif uk|Elem&Sifb0odkY vSvSBuD;a&muf oGm;wwf acs\/ xdk'Pfoihf a0ae,swdkYrSmrlum; ylvGef;vSojzihf tat;odkYom wrf;w&SmazGaeMu&&Smacs \/ emvGef;vSojzihfvnf; oufomaq;tay; tauR;wdkYudk

oG m ;&mvrf ; onf ca,mif ; vrf ; awmh r[k w f a y/ od k Y a omf pd e f a c:rI r sm;pG m ES i f h &ifqdkif&rnfrSm aocsmoavmufjzpfonf/ "r®pmayonf "r®tppftrSef&Sdaom ae&modkY a&muf & S d a &;ü wH w m;ozG , f jzpf o nf / rD;jywdkufozG,fvnf; jzpfonf/ Nidrf;csrf; jcif;\ uGef;cdk&mjzpfaom "r®udk jrwfEdk;onf qd k y gvQif "r® p mayuk d v nf ; jrwf E d k ; tyf onfom jzpfygonf/ "r®ESifh aomuonf qef U usif b uf t&yf ü &S d M uonf j zpf & m "r®ESifheD;av aomuESifha0;av jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh aomuESifh a0;vdkonfjzpfap? "r® E S i f h eD ; vd k o nf j zpf a p "r® p mayonf yef;cif;aom vrf;ozG,f BudKqdkaernfom jzpfygonf/ rSDjirf;- oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVdawmf/rZÑdryPÖm o? rm*@D,okwf/ e'D o QH ('óe)

iHhvifhaeMu&&Sm\/ tu,fwdwd igu,fwif&SifyJ[lí a<u;aMumfoHwpfcsuf uGufceJMum;rdcJhaomf... wpfoufvHk;u tarQmfaZmusaeolonf twESihftus a&SUt&[lí awGUvmavaomtcg yrmtm;jzihf a&epfaeojzihf toufvkae&ol u,fq,folawGUu aMumuftm; vefYtm;ygwGJNyD; qGJrdqGJ&m qGJav&m u,fq,fol tm;raumif; ESpfavmif;NydKif axG;vHk;owfykwf epfjrKyfoGm;Mu&onfh yrm tm;udk;\tay: cifrifrItm;BuD;jcif;? rdrdtay:cifrifrI tm;BuD;jcif;? tm½HkwdkYtay: cifrifrItm;BuD;jcif;wdkYjzihf odkif;zufxm; wwfvSacs\/ xdktcg... u,fwif&efvmolonf tu,fwifcHolxuf tm;q,fq romvGefygu tusemwwfvS\/ rnfonfh omoemh0efxrf;om;rqdk u/ oDvrpifMu,fbJvsufu oDv*kPfowif; [if;vif; ryGihfEkdif/ oDvtm; txl;aumif;rGefvSyjcif;aMumihfom trSDcdkY teHY &jcif;wnf;/ rnfonfh omoem0efxr;fom;rqdk.... c/ olwpfyg; odapwwfapvdkaom apwemtxm;rSefwdkY jzihf vlom;wdkY tusKd; a0ae,swdkYtusKD; rdrdc&D;vrf;qHk; xrf;½kef;jcif; tusKd;wkdYudk onfydk;ae\/ xdk oHk;usKd; o,fydk;aejcif;aMumihfom qdkifwnf&m aps;0,f vmonfyrm vltvHk; ewftvHk; pk½Hk;a&muf&Sdvmjcif;wnf;/ odkYpOfvsuf avSmf&if;epfoGm;Mujcif;rsm;onfum; tiftm;rsm; rawmifh wif;jcif;aMumihfcsnf;wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON PATTHANUDDESA DIPANI.

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq

a&;om;jyKpka

y|mEka ' -

THE PATTHANU O THE BUDDSHIT PHILO by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by Sa Masoyein Monastery, M

(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

3/ t"d y wd y pö a ,m t"d y wd y pö n f ; \ ab'ES p f y g;ud k j yjcif ; t"dywdypöa,m? t"dywdypönf;onf/ tm&r®P"dywdypö a,m p? tm&r®Pm"dywdypönf;vnf;aumif;? o[Zmwm"dywdypö a,m? o*Zmwm"dywdypönf;vnf;aumif;/ £wd? þodkY/ 'k0da"m? ESpfyg;tjym;&Sd\/ tm&r® P "d y wd y pö n f ; \ o½k y f u d k o mrntm;jzih f j yjcif ; ww¬? xdEk pS yf g;wdw Yk iG /f tm&r®Pmpdywdypöa,m? tm&r®Pm "dywdypön;f onf/ uwarm? tb,fenf;/ tm&r®Pypöa,? tm&r® Pypönf;ü/ 0kawåok? qdktyfukefaom/ tm&r®aPok? tm½HkwdkYwGif/ ,medtm&r®Pmed? tMuiftm½HkwdkYonf/ twd£|med? tvGeftvdk &Sdtyfukefonf/ twduEÅmed? tvGefESpfouftyfukefonf/ twd remyged? tvGefESvHk;udk yGm;apwwfukefonf/ *½kuwmed? tav; tjrwfjyKtyfukefonf/ a[mEÅd? jzpfukef\/ wmed tm&r®Pmed? xdktm½HkwdkYonf/ tm&r®Pm"dywdypöa,m? tm&r®Pm"dywdypönf; rnf\/ twd £ |m½H k u d k &S i f ; jyjcif ; ww¬ 0pae? xdkpum;&yfü/ twd£|medwdy'ó? twd£ |med[laom ygXf\/ taw¬m? teufudk/ {0H? þodkY/ '|aAÁm? rSwf tyf\/ obm0awm? oabmtm;jzihf/ £|med 0g? tvdk&Sdtyfukef aom £|m½HkwdkYonfrlvnf;/ a[mEÅd? jzpfapukef/ ted|med 0g? tvdk r&Sdtyfukefaom ted|m½HkwdkYonfrlvn;f/ a[mEÅd? jzpfapukef/ awe awe yk*¾ave? xdkxdkodkYaom tm½Hkudk tm½HkjyKaomyk*¾dKvfonf/ twd£pädwmed? tvGeftvGef&Sdtyfukefaom/ tm&r®Pmed? tm½HkwdkY onf/ £"? þtm&r®Pm"dywdypönf;\t&mü/ twd£|med emr? twd£|m½HkwdkY rnfukef\/ tm&r® P "d y wd y pö n f ; \ w&m;ud k , f r sm;ud k x k w f j yjcif ; wmed? xdktm&r®Pm"dywdypönf;w&m;wdkYonf/ "r®awm ye? o½kyftm;jzihfum;/ a'G? ESpfyg;ukefaom/ a'gorlvpdwåKyÜma' p? a'gorl pdwKå ymÜ 'fwu Ykd v kd nf;aumif;/ a'G? ESpyf g;ukeaf om/ arm[rl

Adhipati-Paccaya or the Relation of Dominance The relation of dominance if of two kinds, the objective dominance and the co-existent dominance. Of these two, what is the relation of objective dominance? Among the objects dealt with in the section on the Arammana-relation there are some objects which are most agreeable, most lovable, most pleasing and most regardable. Such objects exhibit the relation of objective dominance. Here the objects may, naturally, be either agreeable or disagree-able, but by the word "the most agreeable objects" only those objects that are most highly esteemed by this or that person are meant as exhibiting this relation. Excepting the two classes of consciousness rooted in aversion. the two classes of consciousness rooted in ignorance and the tactual consciousness accompantied by pain, together with the concomitants of all these, it may be shown, analytically, that all the remaining classes of Kama-consciousness. Rupa-consciousness. Arupa -consciousness and Transcendedtal consciousness, together with all their respective concomitants and all the most agreeable meterial qualities, are paccaya-dhamma. Of these, Kama-objects are said to exhibit the causal relation of objective dominance only when they are highly regarded. otherwise they do not. But those who reach the Jhana stages are never lacking in high esteem for the sublime Jhanas they have obtained. Ariyan disciples also never fail in their great regard for the Transcendental Dhammas they have obtained and enjoyed. What are the things that are related by this relation? The eight classes of consciousness rooted in appetite (Lobha), the eight classes of Kamolaka moral consciousness, the four classes of in-operative Kamolaka consciousness rooted in appetite. The seventeen classes of mundane moral consciousness are related to the four classes of moral Kama-consciousness disconnected from knowldege. The first three pairs of the Path and Fruit, and Nibbana, together with all those classe of mundane moral consciousness, are related to the four

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON PATTHANUDDESA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

awmfrlaom

'¨o'D-yeD-

DDESA DIPANI R SOPHY OF RELATIONS y

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. ayadaw U Nyana, Patamagyaw of Mandalay, Myanmar. pdwåKyÜma' p? arm[rl pdwåKyÜm'fwdkYudkvnf;aumif;/ 'ku©o[*w um,0dnmPpdwåKyÜmapp? 'ku©o[*kwf um,0dnmPfpdwåKyÜm'fwdkY udkvnf;aumif;/ XaywGm? xm;í? t0aoomed? <uif;ukefaom/ oAÁmed? tvHk;pHkukefaom/ umrm0p&pdwå apwodumed p? umrm 0p& pdwf apwodufw&m;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;/ ½lyg½ly avmukwå& pdwåapwodumed p? ½lyg0p& pdwfapwodufç t½lyg0p& pdwf apwoduçf avmukw&å m pdwf apwoduw f &m;wdo Yk nfvnf;aumif;/ oAÁmed? tvHk;pHkukefaom twd£|½lyged p? tvGeftvdk&Sdtyfaom ½kyfw&m;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;/ a[mEÅd? jzpfukef\/ umrtm½H k \ t"d y wd y pö n f ; rNrJ r wyf o nf u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? psmevmbDt&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; rdrdwdkY\ toD;toD;&tyfaom r[*¾ K wf a vmuk w å & mtm½H k w d k Y o nf t"d y wd y pö n f ; tNrJ w yf onf u d k v nf ; aumif ; jyjcif ; / awokyd? xdktm&r®Pm"dywdypönf;w&m;wdkYwGifvnf;/ umrm&r®Pmed? umrtm½Hw k o Ykd nf/ *½Hu k a&mEÅaó0? tav;tjrwf jyKaomyk*¾dKvftm;omvQif/ tm&r®Pm"dywdypöa,m? tm&r®Pm "dywd ypö,owådjzihf aus;Zl;jyKonf/ a[mwd? \/ *½Hktua&mEÅ ó? tav;tjrwfrjyKaomyk*¾dKvftm;/ tm&r®Pm "dywdypöa,m? tm&r®Pm"dywdypö,owådjzihf aus;Zl;jyKonf/ ea[mwd? rjzpf/ ye? umrtm½HkrSwpfyg; r[*¾dKwfavmukwå&mtm½Hkudk qdkOD;tHh/ psme vmbdaem p? psmef&aomyk*¾dKvfwdkYonfvnf;/ twåem? rdrdonf/ y#dv'¨ged? &tyfukefNyD;aom/ r[*¾wpsmemed? r[*¾KwfpsmefwdkYudk/ t&d,om0um p? t&d,mom0uyk*¾dKvfwdkYonfvnf;/ twåem? rdrdonf/ y#dva'¨? &tyfukefNyD;aom/ avmukwå& "ar®? avmukwå &mw&m;wdkYudk/ *½Hk? tav;tjrwf/ tua&mEÅmemr? rjyKukefonf rnfonf/ ew¬d? r&Sdukef/ tm&r® P m"d y wd y pö n f ; \ ypö , k y Ü e f w &m;rsm;ud k jyjcif ; uwar? tb,f r nf u k e f a om/ "r® m ? w&m;wd k Y o nf / wóypö,ó? xdktm&r®Pm"dywdypönf;\/ ypö,kyÜEém? ypö,kyÜef jzpfaom w&m;rnfukefoenf;/ t|? &Spfyg;ukefaom/ avmbrl[ pdwåmed p? avmbrlpdwfwdkYonfvnf;aumif;/ t|? &Spfyg;ukefaom

classes of moral Kama-consciousness connected with knowledge. The highest__the fourth stage of the Path and Fruit of Arahantship__together with Nibbana are related to the four classes of inoperative Kama-consciousness connected with knowledge. And Nibbana is related to the eight classes of Transcendental Consciouness. In what sense is aramunana to be understood, and in what sense Adhipati? Arammana is to be understood in the sense of alambitabba (c.f arammana-paccaya) and adhipati in the sense of adhipaccattha. Then what is adhipoccattha? Adhipaccattha is the potency of objects to control those states of mind and mental qualities by which the objects are highly regarded. It is to be understood that the relating things (paccaya dhamma) of arammanadhipati resemble the overlords, while the related things (paccayuppanna-dhamma) resemble the thralls, in human society. In the Sutasoma Jataka, Porisada, the king owing to his extreme delight in human flesh abandoned his kinddom solely for the sake of the taste of human flesh and lived a wanderer's life in the arammanadhipati, and King Porisada's consciousness rooted in appetite is the paccayuppan nadhamma. And again, King Sutasoma, having a very high regard for Truth, forsook his sovereignty, all his royal family and even his life for Truth, and went to throw himself into the hands of Porisada. In this case, Truth is the paccayadhamma and King Sutasoma's moral consciousness is the paccayadhamma. Thus must we understand all objects of sense to which great regard is atteched. What is the relation of co-existent dominance? Intention or desire-to-do, mind** or will, energy or effort, and reason or investigation, which have arrived at the dominant state, belong to this realtion. What are the things related by this relation? Classes of mind and of mental qualites which are adjucts of the dominants and material qualities produced by dominant thoughts are the things that are related by this relation.

THE LEDI DHAMMA ON PAT.T.HA NUDDESA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

umrm0p&ukovpdwåmed p? umrm0p&ukodkvfpdwfwdkYonfvnf; aumif;/ pwåm&d? av;yg;ukefaom/ umr0p&ÓPorÜ,kwå ud&d, pdwmå ed p? umrm0p& ÓPorÜ,w k u f &d , d mpdww f o Ykd nfvnf;aumif;/ t|? &Spfyg;ukefaom/ avmukwå&pdwåmed p? avmukwå&mpdwfwdkY onfvnf;aumif;/ wóypö,ó? xdktm&r®P"dywd ypönf;w&m; \/ ypö,kyÜEém? ypö,kyÜEém? ypö,kyÜefjzpfaom w&m;rnfukef\/ tm&r® P m"d y wd y pö n f ; ypö , k y Ü e f w &m;rsm;ud k wG J z uf a 0zef í jyjcif ; ww¬0pae? xdkpum;&yfü/ avmud,med? avmuDjzpfukef aom/ q? ajcmufyg;ukefaom/ tm&r®Pmed? tm½HkwdkYonf/ avmb rlvpdwåmeH? avmbrlpdwfwdkYtm;/ ypöa,m Oyum&aum? tm&r® Pm"dywdypö,owådjzihf aus;Zl;jyKonf/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ owå&o? wpfq,hfckepfyg;ukefaom/ avmud,ukovmed? avmuDukodkvf pdwfwdkYonf/ pwkEéH? av;yg;ukefaom/ ÓP0dyÜ,kwåukovmeH? ÓP0dyÜ,kwfukodkvfpdwfwdkYtm;/ ypöa,m Oyum&aum? tm&r® Pm"dywdypö,owådjzifh aus;Zl;jyKonf/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ wmed ukovmedap0? xdkwpfq,hfckepfyg;aom avmuDukodkvfpdwfwdkYonf vnf;aumif;? a[|drr*¾zvmed p? atmufr*fatmufzdkvfwdkYonf vnf;aumif;? edAÁmeÍö? edAÁmefonfvnf;aumif;? pwkEéH? av;yg;ukef aom/ ÚPorÜ,kwåukovmeH? ÓPorÜ,kwf r[mukodkvfpdwf wdkYtm;/ ypöa,m Oyum&aum? tm&r®Pm"dywd ypö,owådjzihf aus;Zl;jyKonf/ a[mwd? jzpfü/ t&[wår*¾zvmedp? t&[wår*f t&[wåzv kd w f o Ykd nfvnf;aumif;/ edAmÁ eÍö? edAmÁ efonfvnf;aumif;/ pwkE?Hé av;yg;ukefaom/ ÓPorÜ,kwåud&d,meH? ÚPorÜ,kwf r[mud&d,pdwfwkdYtm;? ypöa,m Oyum&aum? tm&r®Pm"dywd ypö,owådjzihf aus;Zl;jyKonf/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ edAÁmeH? edAÁmefonf/ t|EéH? &Spfyg;ukefaom/ avmukwå&pdwåmeH? avmukwå&mpdwfwdkYtm;? ypöa,m Oyum&aum? tm&r®Pm"dywdypö,owådjzihf aus;Zl;jyK onf/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ £wd? þodkY/ '|AÁH? rSwftyf\/ tm&r® P o'´ g t"d y wd o '´ g wd k Y \ teuf u d k OyrmES i h f w uG j y jcif ; auea|e? tb,foaYkd om teufoabmaMumih/f tm&r®P?H tm½Hrk nfoenf;/ auaea|e? tb,fodkYaom teufoabmaMumihf/ t"dywd? t"dywdrnfoenf;/ tmvAÁdwAÁa|e? tm½HkjyKtyfaom teufoabmaMumifh/ tm&r®PH? tm½Hkrnf\/ tm"dypöa|e? tpdk;& onf\tjzpf[kqdktyfaomteufoabmaMumihf/ t"dywd? t"d ywdrnf\/ tm"dypöa|m? tpdk;&onf\tjzpf[k qdktyfaomteuf onf/ aum? tb,fenf;/ twåmeH? rdrdudk/ *½HkuwGm? tav;tjrwf jyKí/ y0awåok? jzpfukefaom/ pdwåapwodauok? pdwfapwoduf wdkYü/ £ó&bma0g? tpdk;&onf\tjzpfonf/ tm"dypöa|m? tm"d ypö|rnf\/ avmau? avmuü/ omrdum0d,? t&SifwdkYuJhodkY/ tm&r® P m"d y wd y pö , "r® m ? tm&r® P m"d y wd y pö n f ; w&m;wd k Y u d k / '|AÁm? rSwftyfukef\/ 'gom 0d,? uRefwdkYuJhodkY/ ypö,kyÜEé"r®m? ypö,kyÜefw&m;wdkYudk/ '|AÁm? rSwftyfukef\/ tm&r® P m"d y wd ü ypö , k y Ü e f quf p yf y H k u d k ok w aomrZmwf jzih f Oyrmaqmif í jyjcif ; pmrsuf E S m 15 od k Y

In what sense is sahajata to be understood, and in what sense adhipati? Sahajata is the be understood in the sense Ä of sahuppadamattha, and adhipati in the sense of abhibhavanattha. Here a phenomenon, when it appears not only appears alone, but simultaneously causes its adjuncts to appear. Such a causal activity of the phenomenon is termed the sahuppadanttha. And the term "abhibhavanattha' means overcoming. For instance, King Cakkavatthi by his own power or merit Ä overcomes, and becomes lord of, the inhabitants of the whole continent whom he can lead according to his own will. They also become according as they are led. In like manner, those four incluences which have arrived at the dominant stage become lord of, and lead, so to speak, their adjuncts to be at their will in each of their respective functions. The adjuncts also become according as they are led. To take another example: __In each of these masses, earth, water, fire, and air, we see that the four elements__extension, cohesion, heat, and motion___are respectively predominant, and each has supremacy over the other three components and Ä them conform to its own intrinsic nature. The other makes three members of the group of four "elements" also have to follow after the nature of the predominant element. In the same way, these four dominants, which have arrived at the dominant Ä stage through their power, make the adjuncts conform to their own intrinisic nature. And their adjuncts also have to follow after the nature of the domnats. Such is the Ä of abhibhavana. Here some might say: "If these meaning things leaving out intention, are to be called dominants on account of their over-coming the adjuncts, greed also ought to be called a dominat, for obviously it processes a more overwhelming power over the adjuncts than intention." But to this we may reply: Gread is, indeed, more powerful than intention, but only with ordinary unintelligent men. With the wise, intention is more powerful than greed in overwhelming the adjuncts. If it is assumed that greed is more powerful, then how should people, who are in the hands of greed, give up the repletion of their happy existence and wealth, carry out the methods of renunciation, and escape from the circle of misery? But, because intention is more powerful than greed, therefore those people who are in the hands of greed are able to give up the repletion of happy existence and wealth, fulfil the means of renunciation, and escape from the circle of misery, Hence, intention is a true dominant, –––and not greed. The like should be borne in mind- in the same fashion- when intention is contrasted with hate, and so forth.

(To Be Continue)

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA

"r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goD a wm&yf r S D v suf a eavh & S d a wmf r l a om

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBuD; \ a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f (omoem jyKvkyfief;tydkif;) ,cif t ywf r S t quf awmif ; tk y f < uuf r S e f ; csuf j zih f w G u f 0uf j zpf a ewwf o nf tarSmifMum;oGm; avmbom;wdkYonf txufuqdkcJhaomenf;jzihf rsufpdvnfvsuf &SdMuavukef NyD/ ¤if;wdt Yk aumif;xif vkyrf ad eao;orQ qd;k pudo k m csO;f eif; rdMuacs&m... ta&SUudkajymvsufu taemufodkYom xGufaeonfyrm &Sdacs\/ txufudkajymvsufu atmufodkYom ,ufaeonf yrm om&Sdacs\/ awmif;jzihftkyfxm;aom <uufudk 0ufyJ[lí a[mudef; xkwfavolyrm txifESihftjrifum; ygpifus,f vGJrSm;vsufuom &Sdacs\/ odkYaMumihf... tpGJudk pm;vsufu tpm;udkpGJaomb0odkY vSvSBuD;a&muf Mu&&SmacsNyD/ pdwfpGJjzihf uJwdkif;vnf; pGJpdwfcsnf; xyfwvJvJ jzpfMu &&SmacsNyD/ xdkpGJpdwfrsm;jzihfyif wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; &pfywfcsnfaESmif tarSmifcsay;xm;jcif;? wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; rkef;NidK;jypfrSm; tmCmwxm;jcif;rsm;rSonf &efvdk jcif;? tBudKufcsif;zuf zsufqD;jcif;? ,SOfNydKifwkzuf vk,ufjcif;p onfh pdwfrnf;wdkYcsnf; cdkpGJukefMuawmh&m..rnf;oavmuf rdkuf rdkufoavmuf wdkufrdcdkufrdaeMuukefavNyD/ wd k u f j cif ; onf twd k u f c H & &m\ vrf ; pjzpf N yD ; wpf z ef twdkufcH&jcif;onfvnf; wdkufjcif;cdkufjcif;odkYom vrf;pqHk;ap\/ xdkolwdkYonf wpfOD;onfwpfOD;odkY igydkif[laom tpGJBudK; wdkYjzihf wkyfaESmifxm;MuNyD; wPSma&,OfaMumxJodkY arQmcsay;ae Mu&m... ESpfOD;pvHk;BudK;wkyfrdvsufom;jzihf wPSma&pD;aMumif;BuD;twkdif; pkefwpfcsDqefwpfvSnhf arsmygaeMu&&Smukef\/ rnfrQ ajcukef vufyrf;usaeap...

,ufp&mvnf; vufr&Sd wufp&mvnf; urf;rxdjzihf ESpfavmif;NydKifzufvsufu txufwufcGihfr&Muav&m epfvsufu rGef;ae½HkrSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sdawmhacs/ epfrGef;MurSef; odaeMuí txufwufvdkMu\/ odkYwapvnf; wufcGifhr&acs/ wufcGifhr&onfhenf;wl zsufcGihf(epfrGef;rI'ku© y,fzsufcGihf)vnf; cGihfromacs/ xdktcg BudK;wkyfoludkvQif BudK;½Iyfoltxifjzihftcsif;csif; tm;udk;tm;xm; rI jyKMu&acsawmh\/. BudK;wyfoludkvQif BudK;jzwfay;rnfholtoGif jzihf xifrdrSm;vmMuacs\/ b0wl axmifom; u,fwifoltvm; txifxm;jcif;wnf;/ b0c&D;oGm;azmf xdkpum;onfepfrGef;aeol BudK;wkyfcHorm;ESpfOD;\ avoH yifr[kwfavm/ Muifazmfoufay; xdkpum;onfvnf; epfrGef;aeol BudK;wkyfcHorm;ESpfOD;\ atmf[pfoHyifr[kwfavm/ þum;...a0ae,swdkY\ xHk;/

omoemjyKwd k Y \ pd w f a eoabmxm;rsm; u/ tavmif;awmfwdkY\ pdwfxm;um; cEÅD arwåm oDv opöm xdkw&m;av;yg; vufudkifxm; vsufu a&epfoludk u,fq,faom q,fwifa&;orm;wnf;/ rdrdvnf; repfrGef; uRef;odkYwufomap? olwpfyg;wdkYvnf; repfrGef; uRef;odkY wufomap/ xdk pdwfaumif; pdwfjrwf pdwf"mwfwdkYjzihf trsm;tay: qufqHwwfaejcif;wnf;/ c/ a0ae,swdkY\ pdwfxm;um; t0dZÆm wPSm rme 'd|d xdkw&m;av;yg; vufudkifxm; vsufu a&epfoludk 0g;ESihfxdk;aeonfhyrm rdrdvnf; 0g;&if;xdk;rdojzihf txdemap? wpfzufom;vnf; 0g;zsm;xdk;rdojzihf txdemap/ xdkpdwfnpf pdwfax; pdwf,SwfavS;wdkYjzihf trsm;tay: pmrsuf E S m 19 od k Y

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DHAMMAPADA

]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/

Comforting wisdom for life

taou©&[ef;onf t&[wåzdkvf0ifpm;jcif;jzihf tpOf csrf;om\ Saintly Monks cause No Inconvenience to Any

Nidrf;csrf;OD; ysm;yd w k e f ; wd k Y o nf yef ; yG i f h w d k Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? yef ; tqi tqiff ; teH Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? rysuf p D ; aprl í t&omud k p k y f , l í tvd k & S d &mod k Y ysH o G m ;ouJ h o d k Y ? xd k Y t wl &G m ü&[ef ; onf o'¨ g yef ; ud k vnf ; aumif ; ? tqif ; teH Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? rysuf p D ; apbJ ypö n f ; av;yg;t&omud k cH , l í ? usih f a y&m\/ *gxm (49) As a bee without harming the flower, its colour or scent, flies away, collecting only the honey, even so should the sage wander in the village (without affecting the faith and generosity or wealth of the villagers). Verse (49) . Yathapi bhamaro puppham, ,xmyd bra&m yk y æ H ? vanna gandha mahethayam. 0PÖ *E¨ ra[|,H Paleti rasa ma-da-ya, yavwd &o rm'g,? evam ga-me muni care.

{0H * gar rk e d p a&/ ud k , f w k d i f v nf ; rpm;&uf ? ol w pf y g;ud k v nf ; ray;&uf a om ol a X; ]],xmyd bra&m ykyæH}} tp&Sdaom okwåEÅyd#u? ck'´u edum,? "r®y'ygVdawmfvm *gxmtrSwf (49) jzpfonhf þ"r® a'oemawmfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0w¬djynfrGef aZw0efausmif; awmfü oDwif;oHk; arGUavsmfawmfrlpOf? vuf0Jawmf&H t*¾om0u t&Sifr[marm*¾vmefrax&fjrwfBu;D ESifh rpä&, d aumod, trnf& aom olaX;udk taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ taMumif;0w¬K um; &mZN*dK[fjynfüjzpf\/ &mZN*dK[fjynf\ reD;ra0;aomt&yfa'oü ouúm&ed*Hk; wpfck&Sd\/ ouúm&emrbGJUxHk; xdked*Hk;a'o&yf*grü? rpä&d,aumod ,olaX;onf uka#&Spfq,fjynhf<u,f&dyfNidrf pnf;pdrfcsrf;om&Sdonf jzpfí aexdkif\/ xdkolaX;onf oref;jrufzsm;ü xif&Sm;uyfNid a&ayguf\yrm tenf;i,frQomjzpfaomqDudkvnf; olwpfyg;wdkY tm; oem;ay;urf;jcif;rjyK/ rdrdonfvnf; roHk;aqmif rcHpm;? qHk;yg;ukefcef;tHhonfudk yifyef;pdk;&drfaMumifhMuaomaMumifh &orQ ypönf;udk odrf;qnf;odkrSD;íomxm;\/ xdo k aYkd omtaMumif;aMumihf ¤if;olaX;\pnf;pdrcf sr;f omudk r,m;om;orD;wdt Yk m;vnf;aumif;? &[ef;ykPmÖ ;wdt Yk m;vnf;aumif;? wpfpHkwpfckrQaomtusdK;udk roHk;aqmif rcHpm;&av/ tapmifh ta&Smuf &u©Kd ob f v D ;l wdo Yk nf txl;odr;f qnf;apmihaf &Smuftyfaom a&uefuJhodkY roHk;aqmifEdkifaomt&müwnf\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f o nf wpf y g;aomaeY rd k ; aomuf , H ü uRwfxdkufaoma0ae,sowå0gwdkYudk Munhf½Iqifjcifawmfrlonf&Sd aomf om0w¬djynfrS c&D; ,lZemav;q,hfig;,lZemrQ a0;uGmaom t&yfü aexkdifaom rpä&d,aumod,olaX;tm; cifyGef;r,m;ESihf wuG aomwmywådzkdvf taMumif;jynhfpHkjcif;udk jrifawmfrlav\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf Munhf½Ixifxif jrifawmfrlaomaeYrS a&SUtzdkYjzpfaomaeYü? xdkrpä&d, aumod,olaX;onf? rif;BuD;udk cpm;jcif;iSm &mZN*dK[fjynfodkY oGm;a&mufí rif;BuD;tm; cpm;NyD; jyefvmcJhonfwGif wpfckaomrkefYcsufvkyfaomZ&yfü? rka,mrkefYudk

The miserly rich man(Kosiya) While residing at the Jetavana monastery in Savattha, the Buddha uttered Verse (49) of the Suttanta Pitaka, khuddaka Nikaya, THE DHAMMAPADA (The Highly Trcasured book), The flower (Puppha Vagga), with reference to the Chief Disciple Maha Moggallana and the miserly rich man, Kosiya. In the village of Sakkara, near Rajagaha, there lived a miserly rich man by the name of Kosiya, who was very reluctant to give away even the tiniest part of anything belonging to him. One day, to avoid sharing with others, the rich man and his wife were making some panacakes in the uppermost storey of their house, where no one would see them. Early in the morning, on that day, the Buddha through his supernormal power, saw the rich man and his wife in his vision, and knew that both of them would soon attain Sotapatti Fruition. So he sent his Chief Disciple Maha- Moggallana to the house of the rich man, with instructions to bring the couple to the Jetavana monastery in time for the midday meal. The Chief Disciple, by supernormal power, reached Kosiya's house in an instant and stood at the window. The rich man saw him and asked him to leave; the Venerable MahaMoggallana just stood there without saying anything. In the end, Kosiya said to his wife, "Make a very small pancake and give it to the bhikkhus" So she took just a little amount of dough and put it in the pan, and the cake filled up the whole pan. Kosiya thought his wife must have put in too much, so he took just a pinch of dough and put it into the pan his pancake also swelled into a big one. It so happened that however little dough they might put in, they were unable to make small pancakes. At last, Kosiya asked his wife to offer one from the basket to the bhikkhus. When she tried to take out one from the basket it would not come off because all the pancakes were sticking together and could not be separated.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DHAMMAPADA ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/

vnf;aumif;? tdk;uif;rkefYudkvnf;aumif; pm;aomufaom Zeyk'fae ol vltaygif;udkjrifí? xdkrkefYü rGwfodyfESpfrsdKU pm;vdkjcif;jzpfNyD;vQif rdrd\aetdrfodkYjyefNyD; pOf;pm;av\/ igonf td k ; uif ; rk e f Y u d k pm;vd k a omqE´ j zpf a yonf [ k tu,f í qd k c J h t H h / rsm;pG m uk e f a omvl w d k Y o nf igES i f h t wl w uG pm;aomufMuonf&Sdaomf ig\ ESrf;? qef? axmywf? wifvJ ponf wdkY ukefcef;jcif;odkYa&mufvwåHU/ xdkYaMumifh igonf wpfpHkwpfa,muf udkrQ rajymMum;awmhtHh[kBuHí? jyif;xefpGmpm;vdkjcif;ü wyfruf aomwPSmudk odrf;qnf;onf;cHvsufom vSnhfywfoGm;vmaeav \/ rpä&, d aumod,olaX;onf oGm;wkid ;f oGm;wkid ;f aomtcsed f wdkYü udk,fa&EGrf;aysmh ajzmhawmhaom tqif;&Sdjcif;/ uGrf;&GufwrQ yrmPuJhodkY taMumif;NydKif;NydKif;xjcif;onfjzpf\/ xdkYaemuf olaX; onf rkefYüpm;vdkaomwPSmudk onf;cHjcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifaomaMumihf wdkufcef;xJodkY0ifí anmifapmif;xufü yufvufwapmif; b,fnm ajymif;vsuf OD;acgif;udkNcHKí tdyfav\/ þrQavmuf qif;&J'ku©odkY a&muf & avjim;aomf v nf ; ? ypö n f ; Opö m qk w f , k w f t H h o nf u d k &GHUaMumufpdk;&drfojzihf? rnfolESifhrQ pum;rajymyJ wdwfqdwfaeav \/ xdktcg rpä&d,olaX;\ cifyGef;rolaX;uawmfu ar;av \/ t&Sif- toifonf wpfpHkwpfckaom ypönf;0w¬Kü wyfrufaom wPSmjzpfcJhygrl uRefawmfrtm; ajymMum;ygavmh[k twefwefar; av\/ cspfESr- ightm; wpfpHkwpfckaomypönf;0w¬Kü wyfrufaom wPSmonf jzpfaeay\[kajym\/ t&Sif- þwyfrufaomwPSm onf tb,fygenf;[k ar;jyef\/ cspfESr- tdk;uif;rkefYudk pm;jcif;iSm tvdk&Sdjcif;jzpfonf[kajym\/ t&Sif xkdodkYjzpfonfudk tb,faMumifh rajymoenf;/ toifonf qif;&Jolavm/ ,ckyifvQif tvHk;pHkaom NrdKUed*Hk; wpf&GmvHk;üaeaomvlwdkY pm;oHk;avmufatmif rkefYwdkYudk csufayawmhtHh[kqdk\/ cspEf rS - xd&k mG ol&mG om;wdu Yk akd uR;í tb,ftusKd ;&St d ehH nf; [k qdkav\/ odkYjzpfvQif c&D;vrf;rwpfckü aeavh&SdolwdkY pm;avmuf atmif rkefYwdkYudk csuftHh[kqdk\? xkdtcg olaX;u jiif;qdkjyefí tdrf&Sd vlwdkY pm;avmufatmif csuftHh[kqdk&m? olaX;u oabmrwl jiif;jyef\/ odkYjzpfvQif t&SifolaX;\ om;orD;wdkY pm;avmufatmif csuftHh[kqdk&m? om;orD;wdkYtm; auR;jcif;jzihf bmtusdK;&Sdrnfenf; [k qdkjyef\/ odkYjzpfvQif t&SifESihf uRefawmfr ESpfOD;om; pm;avmuf atmif csuftHh[kqdk&m? toifpm;jcif;jzihf bmtusdK;&Sdrnfenf;[k olaX;u qdkjyefojzihf? xdkodkYjzpfvQif t&Sifwpfa,mufpm;avmuf½Hk omjyKí csufygawmhtHh[kajym\/ xdktcg olaX;u? cspfESr þt&yf þae&mü csufvkyfyg u vltrsm;odí awmif;Muayvdrhfrnf/ odkYjzpfí aumif;aomqef wdu Yk x kd m;Ny;D qefusKd ;qefuw JG u Ykd v kd nf;aumif;? cHak vmufi,f? td;k uif; i,fudkvnf;aumif; ,lNyD; tenf;i,frQjzpfaom EdkY&nf? axmywf? ysm;&nf? wifvJwdkYudkyg,lí bHkckepfqihf&Sdaom jyom'ftxufqifhodkY wufNyD; rkefYcsufavavmh/ xdkae&mü igwpfa,mufwnf; xkdifí pm;aomuftHh[kqdk\/ olaX;uawmfonfvnf; ajymonhftwkdif; rkefYwdkYudkcsufvkyfav\/

By this time Kosiya had lost all appetite for pancakes and offered the whole basket of pancakes to MahaMoggallana. The Chief of disciple then delivered a discourse on charity to the rich man and his wife. He also told the couple about how the Buddha was waiting with five hundred bhikkhus at the Jetavana moanstery in Savatthi, forty-five yojonas away from Rajagaha. Maha Moggallana, by his supernormal power, then took both Kosiya and his wife together with their basket of pancakes, to the presence of the Buddha. There, they offered the pancakes to the Buddha and the five hundred bhikkhus. At the end of the meal, the Buddha delivered a discourse on charity, and both Kosiya and his wife attened Sota-patti Fruition. Next evening, while bhikkhus were talking in praise of Maha Moggallana, the Buddha came to them and said, "Bhikkhus, you should also dwell and act in the village like Maha Moggallana, receiving the offerings of the villagers without affecting their faith and generosity, or their wealth. Then the Buddha spoke in Verse as follows: Verse 49. As a bee without harming the flower, its colour or scent, flies away, collecting only the honey, even so should the sage wander in the village (without affecting the faith and generosity or wealth of the villagers.) Nyain Chan Oo

xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf eHeufapmapmuyifvQif t&Sifr[marm*¾vmefrax&fudk ac:awmfrlí? cspfom;arm*¾vmef &mZN*dK[fjynf\ reD;ra0;aom ouúm&ed*Hk;ü rpä&d,olaX;onf tdk;uif;rkefYudkpm;vdkí olwpfyg;wdkYrjrif&atmif bHkckepfqihfjyom'f tjyifxufü rkefYwdkYudk csufap\/ oifcspfom;onf xdked*Hk;&GmodkYoGm; í xdkolaX;udk wPSmtqdyfr&Sdatmif qHk;rNyD;aomf? xdkvifr,m; ESpfa,mufwdkYudk csufvkyfNyD;rkefYrsm;? EdkY&nf? axmywf? wifvJESifhwuG igbk&m;oDwif;oHk;&m aZw0efausmif;odkY ac:aqmifcJhavavmh/ igbk&m;onf ig;&maom&[ef;wdkYESihftwl ausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk; aetHh/ xdkrkefYwdkYjzihfomvQif qGrf;bkOf;ay;jcif;udpöjyKawmfrltHh[k rdefYawmfrl\/ &S i f r [marm*¾ v mef r ax&f v nf ; ? ouú m &ed * H k ; od k Y < uí? xdrk pä&, d aumod,olaX;jyom'f\ wHcg;0wGif ouFe;f udk aumif;pGm 0wf½Hkawmfrlvsuf aumif;uiftjyifü ywåjrm;qif;wkwrQ yrmP uJhodkY rwfwyf&yfvsuf oDwif;oHk;awmfrl\/ rpä&d,aumod,olaX;onf t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fudk jrifaomtcg ESvHk;wkefvIyfjcif;jzpfav\/ igonf olwpfyg;tm; ay;&tHah omab;rSvw G &f ef þjyom'fxyd o f Ykd vmcJ\ h / þ&[ef;onf aumif ; uif c &D ; jzih f < uvmí avomjywif ; wH c g;ü &yf v m\/ xdkolaX;onf rD;xJüxnhftyfaom qm;uJhodkY zspfzspfjrnfvsuf trsufa'gojzihf? tdkt&Sif&[ef; toifonf aumif;uifü rwfrwf &yfwnfaeíaomfvnf; tb,fypönf;udkrQ &vdrfhrnfr[kwf[k qdkav\/ t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fonf xdkavomjywif;üyif pBuø wkefYacgufavQmufíaeawmfrl\/ xdkYaemuf aumif;uifjyü yv’ifzGJU acGxkdifí aeawmfrlaomfvnf; wpfpHkwpfckudkrQ r&Edkif[k qdkjyefav \/

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DHAMMAPADA

umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/

t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fonfvnf; tcdk;taiGUwdkYudk vTwf av\/ jyom'fwpfckvHk; tckd;taiGUwdkYjzihf zHk;vTrf;aeav\/ tdrfudk rD;avmiftahH omab;rSaMumufaomaMumif?h xd&k [ef;tm; wpfcak om rkefYudkay;aptHh[kBuHí? cspfESr ao;i,fpGmaom rkefYwpfcsyfudk csufvkyfí &[ef;tm;ay;Ny;D vTwv f u dk yf gavmh[q k \ kd / olaX;uawmfonf tenf;i,faom rkefYnufudk tdk;uif;ü xnhf\/ BuD;pGmaomrkefYBuD;jzpfí tdkuif;cGufwpfjyifvHk; jynhfav\/ olaX;vnf;jrifí udk,fwkdifa,mufrudkudkifvsuf a,mufrzsm; tem;pGef;jzihf tenf;i,frQaom rkefYnufjzihf rkefYvkyfav\/ rkefY onf a&SUuxufwdk;í BuD;av\/ rkefYnufudk wpfpufrQxnhfvkyf aomfvnf; rkefYcsyfu BuD;onfxufBuD;aeav\/ xdktcg rwwf omonhftqHk;ü olaX;uawmftm; rkefYwpfcsyfudk,lí xdk&[ef;tm; ay;urf;vSL'gef;vkduf&ef ckdif;av\/ xdktcg olaX;uawmfvnf; rkefYwpfcsyfudk,lí avmif;vSL onfwGif &Sd&SdorQaom rkefYcsyfrsm;tm;vHk; wpfqufwpfpyfwnf; uJhodkY uyfNidí ygvmav\/ olaX;vnf; rkefYcsyfrsm; tukefygoGm; rnfudk pdk;&drfí wpfcsyfjcif;jzpfatmif vkdufcGmav\/ olaX; vifr,m;wdkYonf rkefYcsyfrsm;udk qGJcGmjcif;iSm rpGrf;EdkifawmhyJ acR;pD; rsm; tNzdKifNzdKifxGufvsuf armyef;aeav\/ aemufqHk;wGif rpä&d, olaX;onf ¤if;\ZeD;r,m;tm;? ESr- ightm; þrkefYwdkYudk tvdkr&Sd awmhNyDjzpfí xnfhxm;aomjcif;awmif;ESihfwuG rkefYtm;vHk;wdkYudk xdk&[ef;tm; ay;vkdufavawmh[k ajymav\/ xdktcg t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fonf olaX;vifr,m;wdkY tm; w&m;pum; ajymMum;qH k ; rawmf r l \ / &wemoH k ; yg;wd k Y \ *kPfaus;Zl;txl;udk rdefYqdka[mjyawmfrl\/ ]]tw¬d'dEéHtw¬d,d|H}} ponfjzihf tvSL'ge\ tusKd ;aus;Zl;w&m;udk aumif;uifjyiftv,f wihw f ,fawmufxeG ;f aom vjynh0f ef;uJo h Ykd xif&Sm;pGm a[mMum;jyo awmfrl\/ xdkodkYaomw&m;pum;udk Mum;em&onf&Sdaomf MunfndK ñGwfudkif;aompdwf&Sdonfjzpfí olaX;onf ]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrl aom t&Sifbk&m;? t&Sifjrwfbk&m;onf þyv’ifxufü xdkifae oDwif;oHk;awmfrlí rkefYudk bkOf;ay;awmfrlyg t&Sifbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;av\/ xdktcg t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&fjrwfu ]]olaX;BuD;? jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sifonf xdkrkefYwdkYudk bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifawmfrlrnf[lí? &[ef; ig;&mwdkYESihfwuG ausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\/ toifonf &Tiv f ef;ESpNf rKd U tvd&k u dS ek o f nf&adS omf toif\cifyeG ;f r olaX;uawmf udk rkefYwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? EdkY&nfponfwdkYudkvnf;aumif; ,lapí? jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifxHawmfodkY ,laqmifí oGm;ukeftHh}} [k rdefYqdkawmf rlNyD;aemuf xdkolaX;vifr,m;wdkYudk vsifjrefpGm aZw0efausmif; awmfodkY a&mufapawmfrl\/ ausmif;awmfodkYa&mufMuNyD;aemuf xdkolaX;vifr,m;wdkY onf jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfodkYcsOf;uyfí? oydwfawmfü rkefYudkxnhf í vSLav\/ ig;&mrQaom oHCmawmfwdkYtm;vnf; vSLav\/ rpä&d,aumod,olaX;onf EdkY&nf? axmywf? ysm;&nf? wifvJ? oum ponfwdkYudk ay;vSLxnhfavmif;onf&Sdaomf rukefEdkifonfh tjzpfodkY a&mufav\/

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DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/

avmukwå&mtjrifjzihf vlom;rsm; ukd twef;tpm;cGJjcm;rnfqkdygu twef; tpm;ESpfrsKd;om &&Sdygrnf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm(u) ykxkZOfESihf (c) t&d,m[lí jzpfygonf/ avmukwå&mtjrif(okdY) y&rwf tjrifrsm; r&SdcJhpOfu vlYavmuukd rdrdukd,f ESihf,SOfNyD; vlwef;pm;trsKd;rsKd; cGJjcm;cJhzl; ygonf/ Oyrm q&m0efqkdvQif rdrdxuf ynmwwf o l vl w ef ; pm;? r,uOuú | qk d v Qif rd r d x uf tmPm&S d o l vl w ef ; pm;? ½kyf&Sifrif;om;qkdvQif rdrdxuf xifay: ausmfMum;ol vlwef;pm;pojzihf vlwef; pm;awG trsm;BuD; pdwfxJrS cGJjcm;cJhzl;ygonf/ wu,fwef; y&rwftjrifudk &&Sdvmaom tcsdefwGif avmuvlYe,fwGif ykxkZOf vlwef;pm;ESihf t&d,m vlwef;pm;[lí ESpfrsKd;om&SdaMumif; oabmaygufvmcJh& ygonf/ þodkY em;vnfvmjcif;ESihftwl rdrdonf rnfonhfvlwef;pm;rSmygovJ[k jyefvnf okH;oyfMunhfaomtcg ÓPftjrif uef;aom ykxkZOfppfppfBuD;ygvm;[k odjrif vm&jyef ygonf/ xkdrSwpfzef t&d,me,f odkY ul;ajymif;vkdpdwfrsm;vnf; ay:aygufvm cJh&ygonf/

tdraf &SUrif;om; tjrefjzpfzYkd &ifEG,fudk(vif;) tb,f a Mumih f y genf ; / yk x k Z Of b0ES i h f aovQif *wdrNrJjcif; (odkY) 31 bkHwGif ae&m owf o wf r S w f r S w f r &S d j cif ; ES i h f t&d , m yk*¾KdvfwdkYrSm aovQif *wdNrJjcif;(odkY) 31 bkH &Sd ok*wdbkHrsm;üom ae&mowfowfrSwf rSwf&SdNyD;jzpfjcif;wdkYukd em;vnfvmcJhí jzpf ygonf/ oD w *l q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; Ak ' ¨ *,modkY (15) Budrfajrmuf bk&m;zl;a&muf cJ h p Of u {nh f o nf r S w f w rf ; wpf c k w G i f rSwfwrf;wpfck a&;oGif;cJhygonf/ þodkY a&;oGif;&if; rdrd\aumif;rIrsm;ukd yk*¾Kdvf(3) OD;tm; trQa0aMumif;ukdyg rSwfwrf;wifcJh ygonf/ ¤if;yk*¾Kdvf(3)OD;rSm temxydPf? 0domcg mcgESihf om0w¦djynhf&Sif aumovrif; wdkYjzpfygonf/ aumovrif;BuD;\trnf ab;wGif uGif;puGif;ydwfjzihf ]]b,fa&muf aeonfrod}}}[k a&;oGif;cJhonfukd axmuf csihfum ykxkZOfwpfa,mufb0jzihf ed*kH;csKyf cJhaomf (31)bkHwGif ae&mowfowfrSwfrSwf r&SdaMumif; odomvSygonf/ qufvufNyD; temxyd P f E S i h f 0d o mcgwd k Y u k d trQa0cJ h aMumif; rSwfwrf;wGif xkdyk*¾KdvfESpfOD;pvkH;rSm t&d , myk * ¾ K d v f r sm;jzpf M uí ewf j ynf u d k &nfpl;um trQa0cJhonfukd axmufcsihfí t&d,mjzpfygrS aovQif *wdNrJrnf (odkY) 31 bkHwGif ok*wdbkHrsm;ü owfowfrSwfrSwf ae&m&rnfqkdonfrSm xif&Sm;ygonf/ yk x k Z Of e ,f r S t&d , me,f o d k Y

rnf o d k Y r nf y k H ul ; ajymif ; Mu&ygrnf e nf ; / t&d,me,fwGifvnf; tqifhav;qihf&Sdjyef &m ykxkZOfe,fESihf teD;qkH; t&d,me,frSm aomwmyef y if j zpf y gonf / tenf ; qk H ; atmufr*fwpfr*f&ygrS r[maomwmyef jzpfygonf/ þodjYk zpf&efrmS udavom(10)yg; xJ r S 'd | d E S i h f 0d p d u d p ä ud a vomwd k Y u k d tEk o ,ud a vomtqif y grusef tjrpf jywf y,f o wf E k d i f y grS r[maomwmyef jzpfNyD; t&d,me,fodkY ajcpkHcsEkdifrnfjzpfyg onf/ w&m;jyq&mtcsKdUu ¤if;udk rcufcJ [k qkdMuNyD; tcsKdUu cufcJonf[k qkdMu ygonf/ þae&mwGif rdrd\yk*¾vdutjrif ukd azmfjy&vQif r[maomwmyefjzpfzkdYrSm vG,fulaomudpöwpf&yfr[kwf[k ajymvdk ygonf/ rdrdvnf; BuKd;pm;qJtajctaerSm om &Sdygao;onf/ 0dyóemESihf ywfouf í od o ih f o d t yf a om tajccH t aMumif ; w&m;rsm;jzpfonhf Ówy&dnm ukd ykdifykdif EkdifEkdif q&maumif;xHwGif enf;emcH,lzkdY ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf odrI uk d ck d i f c k d i f r mrm wnf a qmuf x m;zk d Y yif jzpfygonf/ xkdrSwpfqihf yGm;rIukd ul;ajymif; zkdY BuKd;pm;&jyefygonf/ od r I (Ówy&d n m)? yG m ;rI (wd & P y&d n m)ES m) i h f y,f r I (y[me y&dnm) wdkYukd [efcsufnDnD rSefrSefuefuef vkyf aqmifEidk zf v Ykd akd Mumif;udv k nf; awGU&S&d yg

onf/ rdrd ukd,fwkdifvnf; odrIukd ykdifykdif EkdifEkdif rwnf aqmuf&ao;bJ &rf;½IrSef;½I b0jzihf ESpf tawmfMumcJh&zl;ygonf/ odrIukd q&m aumif ; xH r S enf ; cH , l N yD ; csd e f w G i f tajccH ÓPf E S p f Ó Pf j zpf o nh f emr½l y y&dapä' ÓPfESihf ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPfwdkYukd ykdifydkif EkdifEkdif &&SdoGm;vQif plVaomwm yeftjzpfukd &&SdNyD; (31)bkHrSm axmufwnf &m&&SdoGm;um *wdNrJNyD[k od&Sd&ygonf/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPfonf emrf½kyf wdkYukd ykdif;ydkif;jcm;jcm;odaomÓPfjzpfNyD; ypö , y&d * ¾ [ ÓPf o nf ¤if ; ½k y f e mrf w d k Y \ jzpfaMumif;ukd odrf;qnf;NyD; od&SdaomÓPf yifjzpfygonf/ þÓPfESpfyg;twGuf q&m aumif;xH rrSD0Jygu vkH;0r&&SdEkdifyg/ plVaomwmyefonf aomwmyef ti,f j zpf N yD ; r[maomwmyef o nf aomwmyeftBuD;jzpfygonf/ aomwmyef ti,fqkdonfrSm r[maomwmyefavmif; [k owfrSwfrnfqkdvQifvnf; &Ekdifygonf/ bk&ifjzpf&efESihf tdrfa&SUrif;jzpf&ef ESpfrsKd; teuf rnfonhfu cufoenf;[kar;vQif

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

tdrfa&SUrif;jzpf&efu ykdcufygonf/ tdrfa&SU rif;jzpfNyD;vQif bk&ifjzpfzkdY aocsmoGm;ygNyD/ plVaomwmyefjzpfjcif;onf tdrfa&SUrif;jzpf jcif;ESifh qifwlygonf[k wifpm;cGihf&SdvQif wif p m;Ek d i f y gonf / pl V aomwmyef j zpf r S vnf; r[maomwmyefjzpfzkdY vrf;yGihfoGm; rnfr[kwfygvm;/ odkYygí txufazmfjyyg ÓPfESpf ÓPfukd ykdifydkif&&SdMuNyD; yxrOD;pGm plV aomwmyefjzpfa&;ukd q&maumif;xH enf; emcH,lyg/ xkdrSwpfqifh t&d,me,fxJodkY tNyD;owf wufvSrf;um (31)bkHxJrS ok*wd bkHrsm;wGif rdrdwdkYtwGuf ae&mowfowf rSwfrSwf,lMuNyD; oHo&mrS tNyD;ykdifvGwf ajrmufa&;ukd tm;xkwfMuygpkdY[k wkdufwGef; vkduf&ygonf/ To become a Crown-prince promptly Yin Nwe Ko(Linn)

There will be two classess of man if they are classified through the opinion of the way to escape from worldly desires and attachments. They are "Puthujan", the ordinary human being and "Ahriya", the noble person. While I was lack of the opinion of the ultimate meality, I had classified man into various classes compared with the status of myself. For example, a doctor, the class that is more educated than me; a Chairman of TPDC(Township Peace and Deploment Council), the class that is more powerful than me; a film star, the class that is more popular than me. However, I gain the opinion of the ultimate reality, I become realized there are only two classes_ the ordinary human being and the noble person. Realizing that, when I contemplate myself which class I have been in, I become perceived I am a definitely real ordinary human being who loses insight knowledge. Then I earnestly want to shift my status into the scope of "Ahriya". Why? This is because I understand that when an ordinary human being dies, there is no specific place for him in Thirty-one planes

of existence i.e., it does not remain united in going but for a noble person, there is a specific place in Thirty- one planes of exidence when he dies. During the 15 th visit of Sitagu Venerable Monk to Bodha Gaya, he made a record in the book of guest. He wrote that he shared the merit he had done for three people. Those people are Anathapin, Visakha and Kosala, the king of Savuthi. It is obvious that if one dies as an ordinary human being, there will be no specific place for him in Thirty- one planes of existence by considering that the Venerable Monk wrote "where he has been to is unknown" which are written within brackets after the name of Kosala. Continuously, in the record of merit sharing, it is obvious that if one dies as an ordinary human being, there will be no specific place for him in Thirty- one planes of existence by considering that the Venerable Monk shared merit to Anathapin and Visakha aiming at the abode of celestial beings. How does one shift from the scope of ordinary human being into that of the noble person? There are four stages in the scope of noble person and it is the stream- winner who is nearest to the scope of the ordinary human being. At least, only when one attains the lowest path-consciousness, he will be in the state of "Maha Sotapan", a real stream-winner. To attain such stage, out of ten defilements only when one can completely renounce the two defilements of wrong view and spectism not remaining the tendency of defilement, he can become a real stream-winner and step into the scope of noble person. Some propounders said it is not difficult to attain. Some said it is difficult. Nevertheless, here, I would like to put up my personal opinion, it is not easy to become a "Maha Sotapan", a real stream-winner. I am still trying to attain this state, too. It is very important to learn under a perfect propounder who can guide the fundamen-

tal conditions concerned with Vipasana. In other words, one should establish his own understanding on Vipasana, Then he must try to shift into multiplying stage. It is essential to make a proper establishment of understanding (Na-taparina-), multiplying (Tirana parina-) and renouncing (pahanap arina). I have been in the state of vaguely guessed observation for several years without making the proper establishment of understanding on Vipasana. Later, I realize that after learning under a perfect propounder, one can attain the two fundamental intellects Namarupa pricedha intellect and Piccaya pariggaha intellect, become a Cula Sotapan and be free from the world of misery out of Thirty-one planes of existence. The former is well-differentiated intellect of mentality and corporeality and the later, the well-knowing intellect of the cause of their appearance. Those two intellects cannot be obtained if one does not completely rely on a perfect propounder. Cula Sotapan is a Junior stream-winner and "Maha Sotapan" is a Senior stream-winner. In other words, Cula Sotapan can be regarded as a pre"Maha Sotapan". Which is more diffcult to become a King or a Crownprince? To become a Crown-prince may be more difficult. If one becomes a Crown-prince, it will be sure for him to become a King. Being Cula Sotapan is rather similar to becoming a Crownprince. Therefore, I would like to urge my dear readers seriously to try to escape entirely from Samsara, the cycle of rebirths, by attaining the above two intellects from studying under a perfect propounder first, by shifting yourselves into the scope of "Ahriya" and by taking a specific place.

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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"r®0&D vlrIa&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? ,Ofaus;rI ponfwdkY raqmif&GufEdkifojzihf jynfolwdkY qif;&Jonf/ olwpfyg;EdkifiHawmfu apmfum; rIudk cH&rnf/ tkyfcsKyfolrif;tay: jynfol wdkYu txiftjrifao;rnf/ tkyfcsKyfolrif; onf jynfolwdkY\ vkyfief;udkifief;tqif ajyatmif wdk;wufatmif pDrHay;&rnf/ vrf ; ñT e f a y;&rnf / v,f , mud k i f ; uRef ; ? ta&mif;t0,f? o,HZmwxkwfvkyfrIrsm;udk wdk;wufatmif pDrHay;&rnf/ xdkrS tcGefudk rSefuefpGm&atmif pnf;MuyfaumufcHay;& rnf/ wkdif;jynf\ "etiftm;? ppftiftm; &S d r S tjcm;Ed k i f i H w pf y g;u av;pm;ovk d jynfolwdkYuvnf; av;pm;jrwfEdk;ygonf/ 2/ Oóm[owå d tk y f c sKyf o l r if ; onf &J & if h j cif ; ? tvkyfudpöudk rqkwfrepfvkyfudkifjcif;? EdkifiH umuG,af &;udk pDrjH cif;? jypf'Pfay;oiho f u l kd ausmom;&ifom;rcGJjcm;bJ jypf'Pfay;jcif;? csD ; ajr§ m uf a xmuf y H h o ih f o l u d k csD ; ajr§ m uf axmuf y H h j cif ; wd k Y ü vnf ; &J 0 H h j ywf o m;pG m aqmif&Gufwwf&onf/ Munhf½Iqifjcifwwf &onf/ EdkifiHtusdK; o,fydk;aqmif&Gufaom tcg oufpGefYBudK;yrf;aqmif&Gufvdkaompdwf? &J p G r f ; owå d & S d a om tmZmenf p d w f w d k Y j zih f aqmif&Gufwwf&rnf/ þOóm[owådwGifaewDwdem,aum= OD;aqmifpDrH wwfaomaMumifh tBuD;trSL; (em,u) [k ac:í? xdktBuD;trSL;ESihfywfoufí ]]x<u? Edk;Mum;? oem;? onf;cH? a0zef? axmuf ½I ? þajcmuf c k BuD ; ol w m0ef o m}} [k od*Fgvokwfü Ak'¨u a[mxm;ygonf/ x<uqd k o nf r S m - tBuD ; trS L ; acgif;aqmifyk*¾dKvfonf aemufvkdufi,fom; wdkYxuf q,fqydkí vHkYvpdkufvkyfudkifEdkif aom pGrf;&nf&Sd&rnf/ Ed k ; Mum;qd k o nf r S m - tBuD ; trS L ; acgif;aqmifyk*¾dKvfonf t&yf&SpfrsufESm ywf0ef;usifudk rsufpdzGihfum udk,fa&mpdwfyg Edk;Edk;Mum;Mum; owdESifhtqifoihf&Sdae&yg rnf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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qifjcifuif;pG trdkufr a&S ; oa&mcg? jynf A m&m jA[®'wfrif;ç rif;jyKcg/ Ak'¨avmif;vsm olBuHKBudKuf? olaX;rsdK;½dk;ü/

aZmf a emif

tb½dkuf&m olqufqH olYarG;b uG,fvGef/ trSefyif olaX;BuD;? Ak'¨avmif;vsmwnf;/ olaX;BuD;ü uRefrsm;pGm? &SdMuonhf txJrSm wpfOD;tygt0if xdkuRefr? ]]a&m[dPD}} vdkY trnf&/ ¤if;uRefr aumufe,f&m? rdcifvma&muf tdyfpufyg/ rdcifudk,frSm ]],if}} awGem;? tdyfíraysmfwum;/ cspforD;tm; rdcifqdk? ]],if}} awG wm;jrpfay;apvdk/ rdcifudk,fu ,ifaumifwyf? usnfayGUjzihf½dkufcwf? udk,hfrdcifudk udk,fvQifowf? uRefr trdkufZmwf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu om0w¬djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl pOf? ]]temxydPo f al X;\ uRerf wpfa,muf udk taMumif;cHvsuf? ,ckZmwfudk a[mMum; jcif;jzpfygonf/ temxydPfolaX;BuD;wGif a&m[dPDrnfaom uRefrwpfa,muf&Sd\/ xdkuRefraumufe,f&mt&yfodkY? ¤if;\rdcif onf vma&mufítdyf\/ xdkrdcifudk ,ifwdkY onf 0dkif;tHkívdkuf\/ xdkYaMumifh rdcifu orD;jzpfoltm; ,ifawGudk wm;jrpfay;&ef ajym\/ xdktcg orD;jzpfolonf usnfayGU udk,lí? rdcifudk,fwGifem;aeaom ]],if}} wdkYudk cwf&m? rdcifjzpfol aoqHk;oGm;av onf/ trdaoonfudkjrifrS ig\trdaoNyD [k atmf [ pf í id k \ / xk d t jzpf t ysuf u d k ol a X;BuD ; od o G m ;avonf / ol a X;onf uRefrrdcif\tavmif;udk aumif;pGmoN*ØK[f apNyD;aemuf? aZw0efausmif;odkYoGm;a&muf í? tjzpftysut f m;vH;k udk jrwfpmG bk&m;tm;

avQmuf\/ xdt k cg jrwfpmG bk&m;u þuRerf rSm ,ckwpfBurd o f m ,ckuo hJ Ykd jyKonfr[kw/f a&S;uvnf; jyKcJhzl;avNyD[kqdkum? tem xydPfolaX; awmif;yefojzihf? twdwfudk aqmifawmfrlygonf/ twd w f \ t&d y f a&S ; tcgu Am&mPoD j ynf w G i f jA[®'wfrif;tkyfpdk;\/ xdkpOfjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif Ak ' ¨ a vmif ; vsmonf ol a X;rsd K ;½d k ; üjzpf \ / tbuG,fvGefaomtcg zcif\t½dkuft&m olaX;tjzpfudk qufcH\/ olaX;BuD;wGif uRefaygif;rsm;pGm&Sdonfhteuf? a&m[dPD trnf&Sdaom ]]uRefr}} vnf; wpfa,muf tygt0ifjzpf\/ xdu k Rerf onf aumufe,f ae&m? ¤if;&S&d mt&yfoYkd rdcifjzpfoal &mufvm NyD; tdyf\/ xdktdyfaom rdcif\udk,fay:ü ,ifwdkYonf ]]tHk}} \/ ,iftHkojzihf rdcif onf tdyfraysmfacs/ xdkYaMumifh orD;jzpfol tm; ,if;rsm; ¤if;xHrvm&ef wm;jrpfay;zdkY ajym\/ orD;jzpfolonf rdcif\udk,fay:rS ,ifwdkYtm; usnfayGUjzihf ½dkufcwfarmif;xkwf av&m rd c if j zpf o l y g usnf a yG U 'Pf j zih f uG,fvGefoGm;&&Smavonf/ bk&m;tavmif; onf xdktaMumif;udkMum;aomtcg þodkY rd e f Y \ / ]]taqG c if y G e f ; jzpf a om ol r k d u f xuf - &ef o l j zpf a om ynm&S d o nf yd k í jrwf \ }} [l o wnf ; / Zmwfaygif;aomf,ck a&m[dPD\rdcifonf xdktcg

u a&m[dPD\rdcifyifjzpfNyD;? ,cka&m[dPD onfvnf; xdktcgu a&m[dPDyifjzpfum? igbk&m;onf xdktcgu olaX;BuD;jzpfzl;NyD[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlygonf/ rS D j irf ; ig;&mhig;q,fZmwf0w¬K (r*FvmbHkausmfanmifuefq&mawmf) aZmf a emif a&m[dPDZmwf/ pmrsuf E S m 38 rS rsm;ü usuf p m;jcif ; ? avmif ; upm;rI u d k pG J v rf ; jcif ; ? vl r d k u f v l & rf ; um; rsm;ES i f h aygif ; oif ; aexd k i f j cif ; ES i h f ysif ; &d j cif ; wd k Y j zpf o nf / ¤if ; tjyKtrl vk y f a qmif r I rsm;udk rvGefusK;rdatmif a&SmifMuOf&rnf jzpfygonf/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ "r®a'o emawmf t &? vl 0 wf a Mumif omref wynhfonf rdbrsm;? q&mrsm;? ZeD;r,m;ESifh orD;om;rsm;? rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;rsm;? tdrfazmfrsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;? w&m; "r®oeG o f ifjyoqdq k ;kH raomq&m;rsm;wdt Yk ay: wif & S d a eonh f 0wå & m;rsm;ud k rS e f u ef p G m jznh f q nf ; ay;&ef wm0ef & S d a vonf / xdkwm0efudk t&yfajcmufrsufESm vHkNcHKap jcif;[kvnf; ac:qdkavonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyK wuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U

MORAL AND ETHICS

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

à from the back cover that it is essential for the householder to grow in landed property, in wealth and granary in addition to child and wife, servent and work-people and beasts of burden. These things, the Buddhist layman acquires by right means and for this he follows a righteous form of livelihood, avoiding deceit, treachery, soothsaying, trickery, usury and the five harmful trades such as dealing in arms, living beings, flesh intoxicants and poision. What ever trade is pursued by him, is conducted so that it does not harm anyone. He makes his living as he gathers honey. Buddhist economics requires the householder to apportion his earning into four parts to be utilised as follows: "One portion let him spend and taste the fruits. His bussiness to conduct let him take two. And portiion four let him reserve and board. So there'll be wehrewithal in time of need." The good householder, therefore, devotes one quater of his earnings to meet his personal needs, two quartesr for the conduct of his trade, the fourth quarter he reserves to meet emergencies in time of need. He would guard himself from such activities which may tend to dissipate his hard-earned wealth. In this connection the master advises the housholder to keep from activities that drain one's wealth. These are: addicting one-self to intoxicating liquores, frequenting the streets at unseemly hours, haunting fairs, to become addicted to gambling, association with evil companions and the habit of idleness. In the dispensation of the Buddha, it is incumbent of the lay follower to duly discharge his obligations toward his parents, teachers, wife and children, friends and companions, servants and work-people and religious teachers. This is called protecting the six quarters. (To Be Continued). Dhamma Vira Thander Aung. ITBM University, Yangon.

àaemuf a usmzH k ; rS - a cspfcifrIwdkYjzihf ol\ ESvHk;om;onf jynhfESufvsuf&SDaeayawmh onf/ xdktcg rdcifwpfOD;onf rdrd\ &ifüjzpfaom wpfOD;wnf; aomom;udk rdrd\ toufudkpGefYí umuG,fapmihfa&SmufbdouJhodkY xdkYtwl ouf&Sdowå0grsm;tm;vHk;wdkYtay:ü tuefYtoufuif;rJh aom arwåm? u½kPmwdkYESihf,SOfonfh pdwfoabmudk tysHUtESHYjzpf aeapay\/ þuJhodkY tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r&Sdaom arwåmw&m;cHpm;rI jzihf pdwftm;wuf<uvmaomtcg tqdkyg vl0wfaMumif omrefAk'¨ bmom0ifonf þurÇmavmuü wdkawmif;aom b0wpfckwGif &SifoefaexdkifpOf twGif; vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYtm; tusKd;jyKaom wu,fwef;toHk;usonfh b0ü &SifoefaexdkifoGm;wwfayawmh onf / td r f a xmif & S i f o nf txl ; tm;jzih f tuk o k d v f ' k p ½d k u f w&m;(10)wdkYudk a&SmifMuOf\/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf þtukokdvf

'k p ½d k u f w &m;rsm;onf vl Y b 0\ t&if ; tjrpf u d k j zwf a wmuf í þb0þcE¨mtwGif;üyifvQif vHk;0ysufpD;qHk;yg;jcif;udkjzpfapaom aMumihfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif ]]wPSm}} ]]a'go}} arm[}} wnf;[laom qGJaqmifrIudk taMumif;cHí raumif;rI'kp½dkufw&m;qdk;rsm;udk rjyKvkyfrdatmif ola&SmifMuOf\/ xdkraumif;rI'kp½dkuftukodkvf w&m; wdkYtpm;? aumif;aom'kp½dkufukodkvftjyKtrltm;vHk;wdkYjzihf bufrvdkufrI? MuifemcspfcifrI? aMumuf&GHUjcif;uif;rIESifh todÓPf ynmwdkY zGHUNzdK;wdk;yGm;apavonf vl0wfaMumif omrefAk'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;\ atmifjrifrI onf ol\Opöm"eESihfaiGaMu;udpörsm;tay:ü vGefpGmwnfrSDaeonf/ þodkYaomtaMumif;wdkYaMumifh? tdrfaxmif&Sifonf ZeD;r,m;? orD; om;rsm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESihf uRJEGm;rsm;tjyif? ajr,mydkifqkdifrIrsm;? Opöm"eESifh pyg;oD;ESHrsm;udkvnf; wdk;wufBuD;yGm;atmif vkyfaqmif &rnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;ñTefMum;awmfrlygonf/ þypönf;OpömwdkYudk ydkifqdkifEdkif&eftwGuf vl0wfaMumif omref A k ' ¨ b mom0if w pf O D ; onf rS e f u ef a omenf ; vrf ; rsm;ES i h f rSefuefaomtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIudk usihfoHk;\/ or®mtmZD0ac: rSefuefaomtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIwGif vdrfnmjcif;? uwdopöm azmufysufjcif;? aA'ifa[majymjcif;? vSnhfjzm;jcif;? tqrwef aiGwdk;pm;jcif;ESihf tjypf&Sdaoma&mif;0,fjcif;ig;rsdK;wdkYudk a&SmifMuOf &onf/ tjypf&Sdaom ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;ig;rsdK;wdkYrSm vlowf vufeufrsm;? ouf&Sdowå0grsm;? tom;rsm;? rl;,pfapwwfaom t&nfESihf aq;0g;rsm;? tqdyfrsm;udk a&mif;0,fazmufum;jcif;jzpf onf / rnfonhfukefoG,fa&mif;0,frIudk ¤if;vkyfudkifonfjzpfap? rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rxdcdkufrepfemap&atmif xdktvkyf udk¤if; vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufavonf/ olonf ysm;rsm; ysm;&nf pkaqmif;ouJo h Ydk ol\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIukd tjypfuif;pifatmif vkyfaqmifavonf/ Ak'¨0g' pD;yGm;a&;[lonf tdrfaxmif&SifwdkYtm; ¤if;wdkY\ 0ifaiGudk tcsdK;tpm;av;yHkyHkí atmufazmfjyygtwkdif; cGJa0toHk;jyK Mu&ef ñTefjyawmfrlygonf/ - y|rwpfyHkudk rdom;pkpm;aomuf&eftwGuf oHk;&ef/ - 'kwd,ESihfwwd,ESpfyHkudk vkyfief;t&if;tESD;wGifoHk;&ef/ - pwkw¬wpfyHkudk vdktyfonhftcsdefwGif toHk;jyKEdkif&ef pkaqmif;xm;&ef/ xdkYaMumifh tdrfaxmif&Sifaumif;wpfa,mufonf rdrd\ 0ifaiGav;yHkwpfyHkudk ol\yk*¾dKvfa&;vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf toHk;jyK í? 0ifaiGxuf0ufudk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wGif t&if;tESD;jr§KyfESHum usefwpfyHkudk ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaom ta&;ay:udpörsm;ü toHk;jyK Edkif&ef pkaqmif;xm;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;yk*¾dKvfonf ¤if;udk,fwdkif yifyef;BuD;pGm &SmazG&&SdcJhaom "eOpömwdkYudk jzKef;wD;rdaprnhf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü rjyKvkyfroHk;pGJrd atmif olYudk,fol tNrJwef;umuG,fapmihfa&Smufavonf/ þodkYjzKef;wD;ypfaponhfvkyfaqmifrIrsm;rSm rl;,pfapwwf aom t&ufrsm;udk pGJvrf;pGmaomufjcif;/ roihfawmfaom tcsdef tcgrsm;ü vrf;rsm;ay:odkY rMumcPavQmufoGm;jcif;? yGJvrf;obif pmrsuf E S m 37 od k Y

WE LIVE DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

pmrsuf E S m 4 rS rSm;awGudk ]]oDvAÁw y&mrmo}} vdkYac:w,f/ odkYaomf t*Fvdyfvdk bmomjyefwJhtcgrSm ]]oD v AÁ w y&mrmo}} udk ayhgayhgav;jyefxm;w,f/ Right and Ritual wJh/ 'Dbmomjyefuawmh rrSeb f ;l / Right and Ritual qdw k m tcrf;tem; awG? yGJvrf;obifawG? bmoma&;eJY ywfoufwJh tcrf;tem;awG? ]]oDvAÁw y&mrmo}} qdkwm acG;tusihf? EGm;tusihf usihf&if oHo&m0#fu vGwfEdkifw,fvdkY rSm;,Gif;pGmoHk;oyfrI/ 'Dvdkqdkvdkw,f/ 'DtusihfawGeJY oHo&m0#fu vGwfNyD;awmh udavomtmoa0gawG pifMu,fEkdifw,fvYkd rSm;,Gi;f pGmoH;k oyfru I ykd J ]]oDvAÁw y&mrmo}} vdkYac:w,f/ cE¨m (5) yg;eJY ywfoufNyD; NrJw,f/ cE¨m (5) yg;udk twå vdkY ouúm,'d|du rSm;w,f/ oDvAÁw y&mrmo u tusihfeJY ywfoufNyD;awmhrSm;w,f/ tjrifrSm;ESpfck? xdktjrifrSm;ESpfckudk vufudkifusihfoHk;aeonhftwGufaMumihf oHo,jzpfrI 0dpdudpäm/ pmrsuf E S m 7 rS a&TqGJjym;? aiGqGJjym;awG pkaqmifEdkifNyDaygh/ 'Dvdkudk,fhrSm a&TaiGeJYypönf;Opöm jynfhpHk<u,f0 vmawmh ud k , f h r d o m;pk pm;0wf a ea&; ajyvnfwJhtjyif udk,hfaqGrsdK;todkif;t0dkif; uyg udk,fhudk rSDcdktm;xm;EdkifwmayghuG,f/ tJ'gaMumifh q&mawmfu ol&UJ ysKd UrSm pD;yGm;Opömwdk;wufatmifBudK;pm;MuygwJh/ ]rsdK;aqGrSDwif;? <u,faprif;}qd } kwm taqG trsdK;awG tjynfht0rSDcdktm;udk;Edkifatmif rif;wdkY<u,f0csrf;omatmif BudK;pm;ygvdkY ajymwmyJav/ tckacwfu ynmoifausmif;om; t&G,f&,f? pD;yGm;&SmwJht&G,f&,fvdkY oD;jcm; cGJjcm;vdkY odyftqifrajyawmhbl;/ tvkyf vky&f if; ynmoif? ynmoif&if; tvkyv f yk v f Ykd &wJ h acwf a &muf v mNyD / 'D a wmh vl i ,f armifr,fawGtaeeJY wdYku ynmoif&r,fh t&G,f? pD;yGm;&Smwm wdkYtvkyfr[kwfbl;vdkY

tJ'DoHa,mZOf (3) yg;udk aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfu jzwfvkdufEdkifNyD/ aomwmyefjzpfoGm;&if tJ'DoHa,mZOfr&Sdawmhbl;/ cE¨m (5) yg;eJYywfoufNyD; rSm;,Gif;wmr&Sdbl;/ tusihfESihf ywfoufvmvdkY&Sd&ifvnf; rSm;,Gif;wmr&Sdbl;/ acG;vdkusihf? EGm;vdkusihf usihfwJh tusihfeJYoHo&mu rpifMu,fbl;/ oHo&mu rvGwfajrmuf Edkifbl;/ jzLpifwJhpdwf"mwf r&Edkifbl;vdkYodw,f/ trSefjrifw,f/ trSefjrifwJhtwGufaMumifh 'DuaeYusihfaeMuwJh oDvusihfpOf? orm"d usihfpOf? ynmusifhpOf? 0dyóemusihfpOfeJYywfoufNyD; bmrQoHo, r&Sdawmhwm/ a[m aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfjzpfoGm;vdkY&Sd&if oHa,mZOfBudK; (5) acsmif;xJu atmufajcaxmufrSmcsnfxm;wJh (3) acsmif; jyKwf oGm;NyD/ tem*grfjzpfvdkY&Sd&if aemufxyf (2) acsmif;xyfjyKwfw,f/ BudK; (5) acsmif; jyKwfoGm;NyD/ tJ'gqdkvdkY&Sd&if tem*grfyk*¾dKvfawmifrS vGwfajrmufwJhpdwfqdkwm r&ao;bl;/ txufrSmcsnfxm;wJh ]]O'¨rÇm *d,}} oHa,mZOf (5) BudK; usefaeao;w,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

oabmrxm;MueJYawmh ynmoifacwfu yHkpHajymif;oGm;NyD; tvkyfvkyf&if; ynmoif? ynmoif&if; tvkyfvkyfvdkY&wJh acwfjzpf vmNyD/ aemufNyD; pD;yGm;a&;eJY ywfoufNyD; i,f i ,f u wnf ; u ud k , f h t wd k i f ; twm eJ Y u d k , f uRrf ; usif v d r ® m xm;r,f q d k & if toufBuD;vmawmh pD;yGm;a&;avmurSm Mu,fwpfyiG hf jzpfvmEdik w f ,fav/ tJ'gaMumifh ynmoif & if ; pD ; yG m ;&S m ? pD ; yG m ;&S m &if ; ynmoif & wmud k atmuf w ef ; usw,f rxifeJYaemf/ atmufoufauswJh ynmwwf vli,f[m pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,fudk cs,fvS,f EdkifpGrf;&Sdygw,f/ ausmif;om;t&G,f i,fpOfuav; b0wnf;u a&mif;wwfcswwf? 0,fwwf csrf ; wwf r ,f ? yd k u f q H e J Y y wf o uf N yD ; wG u f w wf c suf w wf r ,f ? ta&mif ; t0,f vkyf&if; pD;yGm;a&;taMumif; waphwapmif; avhvmqnf;yl;xm;Mur,fqdk&if BuD;vmwJh

tcg armif w d k Y r ,f w d k Y ta&mif ; t0,f ukefonfyJGpm;vkyfief;vkyfzdkY b,faMumuf awmh r vJ ? tawG U tBuH K &S d N yD ; om;rd k Y v m;/ 'D a wmh uk e f o nf y G J p m;vk y f i ef ; eJ Y BuD ; yG m ; csrf;omrSmtrSefyJaygh/ 'Dvdk vli,farmifr,f awG i,f p Of u wnf ; u ta&mif ; t0,f oabmw&m; uRrf;usifrIaMumifh BuD;vmwJh tcg ukefonfyGJpm;b0eJY BuD;yGm;csrf;om vmNyD ; aqG r sd K ;awG a um wd k i f ; jynf u yg tm;ud k ; &wJ h pD ; yG m ;uk e f o G , f uk e f o nf yGJpm;BuD;awGjzpfatmif tckuwnf;u ynm vnf;oif pD;yGm;a&;tjrif us,fatmifvnf; vuf a wG U avh v mqnf ; yl ; Muzd k Y v d k w maygh uG,f/ usrf ; ud k ; (1) avmuom&ysKd U yxrydik ;f /(yk'pf Of/ 12) (2) jrefrmh½;kd &mqH;k rpm/ a':EkMunf(r[m0dZmÆ ) &S i f Ó P (zsmyH k )

yefMum;ygonf "r®0D&*sme,fwdkufodkY pmrlay;ydkYMuukefaom "r®rmrupmrl&Sif taygif;wdkYtm; vdIufvSJpGm aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmufBudKqdkvsuf&Sdygonf/ ÓPfylaZmfcay;jcif;? pmapmifvufaqmifay;jcif;udpöESihf pyfvsOf;í pmrl&Sifudk,fwdkifjzpfap? udk,fpm;vTJtyfcH&olujzpfap? *sme,fwdkufodkY vma&mufxkwf,lEkdifygaMumif; today;tyfygonf/ vdIifMunfjzL"r®0D&*sme,fwdkuf (rdom;pk)

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Buddhism and the Duties of a lay Buddhist(3)

Ak'¨"r®ESihf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ 0wå&m;rsm;

(3)

By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt. Translated into Myanmar by Dhamma V1ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o d k v f ) In the dispensation of the Buddha, it is incumbent of the lay follower to duly discharge his obligations toward his parents, teacher, wife and childrean, friends and companions, servants and work-people and relitgious teachers....

jrwf p G m bk & m; a[mMum;awmf r l a om a'oemawmf "r® r sm; t& vl o mref w ynh f o nf rd b rsm;? q&mrsm;? ZeD ; ES i h f om;orD;rsm;? rdwfaqG taygif;toif;rsm;? tdrfazmfrsm;ESihf tvkyform;rsm; bmomw&m;qdkif&m q&mrsm;tay: wif&Sdonfh 0wå & m;rsm;ud k rS e f u ef p G m jznh f q nf ; ay;&rnf h w m0ef & S d a yonf / Duties of a lay Buddhist (b)

omref A k ' ¨ b mom0if w pf O D ; \ wm0ef r sm; (c)

The general outlook of a Buddhist layman is one above ordinary thoughts. He view all life as transient, unsatisfactory and soulless. He tries to conceive in his daily life how these truths come into play; how things of the world are ever changing, how little we can control them, how all our pleasures end in pain and youth in age and lastly how very empty life is. With this triple view of "Anicca", "Dukka" and "Anatta" growing in him, he sees all life as arising and passing away. Also he sees that we are common in flesh, that all mortals are yokes in a single fellowship of joys and pains. Thus surveying life, his heart is filled with sympathetic love "Karuna" for all things that suffer pains of sentient life. And even as a mother at the risk of her life protects her only son, so he suffuses all living being with thoughts of boundless love and compassion. Inspired by this feeling of infintite love, the Buddhest layman lives the life of service and usefulness to all during his short span of life in this world. The householder specially refrains from the ten evils as they cut the very roots of man's life, bringing utter ruin even here in this very life; Further, he refrains from committing evil actions through partiality- "Tañha", enmity-"Moha"; and instead develops impartiality, loving kindness, fearlessness and wisdom by all his actions. The success of a layman depends greatly upon his wealth and finances. The Buddha has, therefore pointed out

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