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Address ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing zke;f -01-253255 House xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801 jynfolYoabmxm; jynfytm;ukd;ykqdef½kd;tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu Ekid if aH wmf wnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekid if aH wmfw;dk wufa&;ukd aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu Ek d i f i H a wmf \ jynf w G i f ; a&;uk d 0if a &muf p G u f z uf aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu jynfwGif;? jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu

Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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vkyfwJhtvkyf[m rSm;,Gif;rIr&Sdbl;/ rSefuefw,f? avmuDudpöyJjzpfjzpf? avmukw&å mudpyö jJ zpfjzpf rnfonhu f pd rö mS yJjzpfjzpf jzpfEikd w f meJY rjzpfEikd f wmudk uGu J jJG ym;jym;odzv Ykd w kd ,f/ vkyEf ikd w f meJY rvkyEf ikd w f m? vkyo f ihw f meJY rvkyfoihfwm? 'gawGudk uGJuGJjym;jym;odzdkYvdkw,f/ uGJuGJjym;jym;odNyD; vkyfoihfwmqdk&if vkyf&r,fç rvkyfoihfwmqdk&ifrvkyf&bl;/ tJ'Dvdkr[kwf&if bmjzpfvJ/ vkyfoifhwmusawmh rvkyfbl;ç rvkyfoihfwmusawmhvkyfr,fqdk&if tusdK;qkwf,kwfr,f/ jzpfEdkifwmeJY rjzpfEdkifwmudk cGJjcm;NyD;awmh rodbl;qdk&if rjzpfEdkifwmudk jzpfEdkifr,f xifNy;D awmh ajymaer,f? vkyaf er,f/ jzpfEikd w f musawmh rjzpfEikd b f ;l xif Ny;D awmh ab;z,fxm;r,fq&kd if vGrJ mS ;rIawGtrsm;Bu;D jzpfvmEdik w f mayhg/ b0rSm vrf;rSef&zdkYqdkwm todÓPfu tifrwefrSta&;BuD; w,f / tck v d k w&m;yG J B uD ; awG u sif ; yNyD ; awmh w&m;emMuwm[m bmtwGufvJvdkYar;&if todÓPftwGufyJ/ wu,fta&;BuD;wmu todÓPfyJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fwkdifu ajzxm;wm&Sd w,f/ ]]okókom vbaw ynH}}- ]]Mum;emcsifwJhpdwf&SdNyDqdk&if ynm&ygw,f}} wJh/ w&m;emwmudk tajccHNy;D awmh rodwmawG odvmw,f/ odNy;D om;awG &Sif;oGm;w,f/ w&m;emwm[m w&m;udkoif,lwmjzpfonhf twGuf wpfem&Dem&if wpfem&Doifvu dk w f myJ/ tJ'o D ifvu kd v f o Ykd o d mG ;wJh todw&m;awG[m aysmufomG ;rSmr[kwb f ;l wJ/h taMumif;t&m pum;vH;k awmh arhcsifarhoGm;r,f/ odkYaomf todynmqdkwmu aysmufroGm;bl;/ Mum;zl;em;0&Sad eonht f wGuaf Mumihf jyefvnfqifjcifo;kH oyfwhJ tcgrSm xdMk um;zl;wJt h csut f vufawGukd tajccHNy;D awmh trSm;trSeaf wG udk a0zefcjJG crf;odprG ;f Edik w f hJ ynmrsKd ; olo Y EÅmefrmS &So d mG ;w,f/ 'Dvedk m,lr?I oifMum;rIr&SdbJeJY todynm&w,fqdkwm rjzpfEdkifbl;/ ynm&&ef enf ; vrf ; oH k ; oG , f ynm&zdeYk yYJ wfoufNy;D awmh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,v f aYkd jymvk&Yd w,f/ tJ'eD nf;vrf;oH;k oG,u f ykd J ynmoH;k rsKd ;vdv Yk nf;ajymw,f/ tm;vH;k Mum;zl; Muvdrhfr,f? okwr,ynm (odkYr[kwf) okwr,ÓPfç pdEÅmr,ynm (odkYr[kwf) pdEÅmr,ÓPfç bm0emr,ynm (odkYr[kwf) bm0emr, ÓPf? 'gynmESihfynm&zdkY enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fyJ/ ok w r,ynm okwr,- qdkwm Mum;emjcif;aMumifhjzpfay:vmwJhynmudk okwr,ynm vkdYac:w,f/ em;u Mum;emvkduf&vdkYç em;axmifvkduf& vdkYç oif,lvdkuf&vdkY &vkdufwJhynmrSeforQ okwr,- Mum;emjcif;u

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

5

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ xkwfay;wJh ynmrsdK;wJH/ w&m;yGBJ u;D awG usi;f yNy;D awmh w&m; emMuw,f / xd k w &m;yG J u &vk d u f w J h tod ynmawG[m okwr,ynm r,ynmawGyJ/ b,faeYrSm b,f q&mawmf u bma[moG m ;w,f ?

Mum;vk d u f & w,f ? a[moG m ;wJ h t csuf tvufawGu rdrdwdkYb0wpfoufwmtwGuf rSwfom;p&mawGjzpfw,f/ rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif tcGifhr&vdkY rMunhfEkdifwJh Ak'¨jrwfpGma[mMum; cJhwJh yd#uwfoHk;oG,fç edum,fig;&yfç "r®u©E¨m aygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif oifhavsmf &m&m bk&m;a[mxm;wJh w&m;xJu xkwEf w k Nf y;D awmh a[majymxm;wm jzpfw,f/ tJ ' D a [majymwJ h t xJ u rd r d u Mum;vkduf&vdkY? oif,lvkduf&vdkY odvkduf&wJh ynm&yf u d k ok w r,ynm vd k Y a c:w,f / Mum;emjcif;u xkwfay;wJhynm/ 'gaMumihf w&m;emjcif;onf ynm&jcif;\ taMumif; w&m; eHygwf (1) enf;vrf;wpfckyJ/ eH y gwf (2) u pd E Å m r,ynm? pd E Å m r, qd k w m Mum;emrI u d k tajcrcH b J tawG;tac:oufoufjzihjfzpfay:vmaomynmudk pd E Å m r,ynm vk d Y a c:w,f / Mum;emrI u d k tajccH N yD ; rS a wG ; &if ? pd E Å m r, rac: bl ; / ol r sm;qD u oif , l x m;wJ h t csuf a y:rS m tajcrcH b J e J Y BuH p nf r I ouf o uf a y:rS m tajccH N yD ; jzpf a y:vmwJ h ynmrsd K ;ud k o m pdEÅmr,ynm vdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'D pdEÅmr,ynm u omrefyk*¾dKvf awG & J U oEÅ m ef r S m rjzpf E d k i f b l ; / aemuf q H k ; ÓPfynmtxufqHk;yk*¾dKvfjzpfwJh &Sifom&d yk w å & mrax&f jrwf & J U oEÅ m ef r S m awmif pd E Å m r,ynm rjzpf b l ; / bmjzpf v d k Y v J ? &Sifom&d ykwå&mawmif w&m;eJyY wfoufvm&if Mum;emrIç oif,rl q I w kd mudk tajccH &ao;w,f/ ud, k yf ikd Ó f PfeYJ xd;k xGi;f Ny;D BupH nfEikd pf rG ;f r&Sb d ;l / &Sio f m&dyw k å &mvdk ÓPfxufwyhJ *k Kd¾ vrf mS awmif r&Edik b f ;l / 'gjzihf pdEÅmr,ynm qdkwm b,fvdk yk * ¾ d K vf r sd K ;rS & ovJ v d k Y ar;vd k Y & S d & if bk & m; tavmif;wdkYç yapöuAk'¨gtavmif;wdkYrS&w,f/ bk & m;tvmif ; ç yapö u Ak ' ¨ g tavmif ; awG usawmh q&mr&Sb d ;l / olwu Ydk , kd w f idk f awG;awm qifjcifNyD; todÓPfawGjzpfay: vmwm/ b0gb0u avhvmcJhwJh pGrf;tm;awG jynhfvm onhftwGuf rSefrSefuefuef awG;Edkifw,f? rSerf eS u f efuefawG;vku d w f t hJ wdik ;f rSerf eS u f efuef odrIqkdwmjzpfvmw,f/

vSnhfpm;r& ocFg& Ä

MumZHtvm;? qHjzLrsm;ukd ysufjym;eufarSmif? ydwkef;a&mif odkY wka,mifvSnhfpm; xm;aomfvnf;/

Ä

oGm;rsm;pG,fusKd;? trsKd;rsKd;ukd rusKd;oa,mif? oGm;pkdufaESmifí jyKaqmifvSnhfpm; xm;aomfvnf;/

Ä

tjrifrIef0g;? pu©Krsm;ukd jywfom;½kyfoGif? i,frsKd;xifatmif jyifqifvSnfhpm; xm;aomfvnf;/

Ä

ezl;yg;jyif? a&;aMumif;xifukd jrifolrod? rdwfuyfzdí jyKbdvSnhfpm; xm;aomfvnf;/

Ä

wGefY½IHUívm? ta&vTmukd wif;rmoa,mif? aq;ESihfaqmifí wka,mifvSnhfpm; xm;aomfvnf;/

Ä

BuD;vmtouf? Z&m,Sufukd oGufvufqlNzKd;? i,folrsKd;..odkY wlEkd;vSnhfpm; xm;aomfvnf;/

Ä

vSnhfpm;r&? ]ocFg&} ukd oifuvSnhfpm;? olu ][m;} í oihftm;&,farm aevdrfhrnf/

Ä

vSnfhpm;r&? ]ocFg&} onf ][[} &,farm? waomaomESihf oabmtrSef? remcHaom oihfxH{uef a&mufaeNyD/ a&T b k e f ; [d e f ; yG i h f a rmf ^ tif ; pd e f

yapö u Ak ' ¨ g qd k w m b,f o l u rS w&m;a[m&wmr[k w f b l ; / ol u d k , f w d k i f obm0w&m;awG u d k qif j cif p Of ; pm;NyD ; olYoEÅmefrSm&SdwJh udavomawGudkz,f&Sm;vdkY bk&m;tjzpfudka&mufoGm;wm/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) "r® m &mraw¦ & 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg bk&m;&Sif oufawmfxif&Sm;&Sdckduf t&[wå zkv d u f dk &atmif,t l [ hH k wpfyg;aom&[ef;wdEYk iS fh pum;rajymbJ w&m;ukd tm;xkwaf eaom "r®m &mr&[ef;ukd taMumif;jyKí ]]"r®m&marm "r® &awm}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ "r®m&mr rax&f &[EÅmjzpfav\/ "r®m&marm "r®&awm? "r®H tEk0dpdEÅ,H/ "r®H tEkó& bdu©K? o'¨r®m e y&d[m,wd/ jref r muAsm ur®|mef;ü aysmfydkufarGUavsmf? w&m;awmfrSef zefzefBuHaemf? atmufarhpD;jzef; &[ef;rSefaomf? w&m;rS ,kwfpGmhr&Sdaemf/ That bhikkhu who dwells in the Dhamma, who delights in the Dhamma, who meditation on the Dhamma, who well remembers the Dhamma, does not fall away from the sublime Dhamma.

pum;ajy/ / (orx 0dyóembm0em) ur® | mef ; w&m;ü arG U avsmf v suf orx 0dyóem bm0emukd tzefwvJvJ BuHpnf atmufarhum w&m;ojzihaf eaom &[ef;onf aAm"d y u© d , w&m; (avmuk w å & mw&m;)rS rqkw, f w k Ef idk /f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

bk&m;ay;aom ukefoG,fpD;yGm; BuD;yGm;csrf;omenf;rsm; rk H & G m aeZm

(u) ,aeYacwfonf aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&; pepfjzpfwnfaeaom tcsdefumvjzpfonf/ t&if;tESD;aumif;aumif;&SdNyD;tquftoG,f aumif;? aps;uGufaumif;ESihfawGUvQif aeYcsif; ncsif;yif BuD;yGm;Edkifonf/ taMumif;taygif; ESifh taumif;nDñGwfojzihf BuD;yGm;csrf;omae MuolawG rsm;pGm&Sdavonf/ tcsdefumvudkMunhf½IoHk;oyfNyD; rdrd \ um,ç ÓPpGrf;tm;tavsmuf vHkYv0D&d, pdkufxkwfum BudK;pm;jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufolrsm; atmifjrifr&I &SMd uonf/ twdwu f o k v kd u f aH umif; oljzpfvQifum; 0D&d,pdkufxkwfrIenf;yg;aomf vnf; pD;yGm;jzpfMuonf/ ÓPf&SdvQif &Sdovdk vkyif ef;rsm; wd;k csUJ atmifjrifEikd Mf uonf/ twdwf ukodkvfuHenf;yg;um 'gersdK;aph&Sm;yg;cJholjzpf vQifrlum;? vkyfavjrKyfavjzpfum t&if;tESD; yg jyKwfwwfavonf/ odkYaMumihfyif ]uHenf; vQif ÓPf&Sdwkdif; rGJwwfonf} [laom pum; wpf&yfay:aygufvmjcif;jzpf\/ twdwu f ygvmcJah omuHuu kd m; NyKd if í r&ay/ ypöKyÜefjyKvkyfqJuHudkum; ,SOfNydKifí &onf/ 0D&, d udv k nf; ,SONf yKd ií f &onf/ olvyk f ovdk udk,fvkyfí&onf/ olBudK;pm;ovdk udk,f vnf; BudK;pm;í&onf/ olYBudK;pm;rIxufyif udk,fu 0D&d,udk a&SUwef;wifum tqwdk;NyD; BudK;pm;Edkifyg\/ odkYaomf.. (c) tcgwpfyg;ü t&Sifom&dykwårax&f jrwfBuD;u jrwfAk'¨tm; pD;yGm;a&;ESihfywfouf aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;avQmufxm;cJhzl;yg onf/

]]jrwfpGmbk&m;- þavmuü vlom; ESpaf ,muf ukeo f , G cf si;f wlygvsuf wpfa,mufu pD;yGm;ysufNyD;- wpfOD;u tb,faMumifhpD;yGm; rysufpD;ygoenf;/ wpfa,mufu &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif ra&muf b J ? wpf O D ; u &nf r S e f ; csuf t wk d i f ; jzpfxGef;atmifjrifoGm;ygoenf;}} xdkYjyif wpfa,mufu &nfrSef;csuf xuf ydkvGefatmifjrifoGm;&ygoenf;}} odvkda&;ESihf ar;jref;vmaom t&Sif om&d y k w å \ ar;cG e f ; rsm;ud k Ak ' ¨ b k & m;u þodkYvQif ajzMum;awmfrlvkdufav\/ (1) ]]ihg&Sifom&dykwå- tcsdKUaomol onf &[ef ; wd k Y t m; (avmuG w f p um;jzih f ) ]t&Sib f &k m; tvd&k adS om ypön;f udk rdeMYf um;yg} [k zdwfMum;NyD; wu,frvSLay/ xdkolonf þ vlYbHkodkYa&mufum vljzpfvmaomfvnf; ukeo f , G rf pI ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udjk yKvyk &f mwGif t½IH;ay:\/ ysufpD;jcif;ESifhom &ifqkdif&\}} (þae&mü qufpyfvmí Mum;n§yf wifjy&aomf jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;awmfrv l m aom y&mb0okwf (ysufpD;aMumif;w&m;rsm;) wGif- ]orP} ac: &[ef;oHCmrsm;- ]jA[®P} ac: raumif;rItukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk tyç jyKxm;olrsm; ]0edAu Á } ac: zke;f awmif;,mpum rsm;jzpfonhf tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; ]vSLrnf} [k zdwMf um;xm;Ny;D wu,fwrf;rvSL'gef;? ray;urf; bJaecJhaomf pD;yGm;? OpömysufpD;wwf\..[lí a[mMum;xm;ygonf/ - a,m orPH0g jA[®PH0g? tnH0gyd 0edAÁuH/ rkom0ga'e 0aÍöw?d wHy&mb0awm rkcH/ orP- jA[®P- 0edAÁu wnf;[l aom tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vrf sm;tm; vdt k yfwmudak jym &ef zdwfMum;xm;NyD;rS wu,fwrf;tvdk&Sdí tvS L cH a omtcg0,f - awmif t aMumif ; jy? ajrmuftaMumif;jy? pD;yGm;a&;raumif;aMumif; pwmwGukd taMumif;jyNy;D rkom0g'jzihf vdrn f m ajymNyD ; rnf o nh f y pö n f ; ud k r Q rvS L 'gef ; ? ray;urf ; jcif ; onf ysuf p D ; aMumif ; w&m; y&mb0w&m; jzpfonf- [lvdk)

(2) ]]tcsKd Uaomolonf tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vf wdkYtm;- ]tvdk&Sdaom ypönf;udk rdefYMum;yg} [k zdwfMum;avQmufxm;ç xm;aomfvnf; tvSLcH yk*Kd¾ vf tvd&k o dS avmuf (jynhpf akH tmif) rvSLay/ xdkolonf þvlYavmuodkY a&mufvmaom tcg ukefoG,fjcif;trIudkjyKvkyfaomfvnf; &nf r S e f ; csuf r jynf h r D b J arQmf r S e f ; oavmuf ratmifjrifwwfacs/ (3) ]]þavmuü tcsdKUaomolonf &[ef;oHCmtvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm;- ]tvdk&Sdwm rdefYMum;awmfrlyg} [k yifhzdwfavQmufxm;onhf twdkif; tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfu tvdk&Sdí rdefYMum;vm aomtcg tvd k & S d o avmuf jynh f p H k a tmif vSL'gef;\/ xdktvSL&Sifonf xdkb0rSpkawí þvlYjynfodkYa&mufvmonf&Sdaomf tMuif tMuifuek o f , G rf u I kd jyKvyk \ f / xdx k u kd ek o f , G rf I pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;onf &nfreS ;f onht f wkid ;f atmifjrif\/}} (4) ]]t&Sio f m&dyw k .å .? þavmuü vlwpfcsKd Uonf &[ef;oHCmtvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vw f t Ykd m; ]tvd&k w dS m rdeMYf um;yg} [k zdwMf um;avQmufxm; onfhtwdkif; tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwkdYu tvdk&SdaMumif; rd e f Y M um;vmaomtcg xd k x d k y pö n f ; 0w¬ K ud k tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf tvdk&Sdonhftwkdif;twmxuf ydkNyD;ay;vSL\/ xdktvSL&Sifonf xkdb0rSpkawí þvl Y j ynf o d k Y a &muf v maomtcg tMuif tMuifuek o f , G rf u I kd jyKvyk \ f / xdx k u kd ek o f , G rf I vkyfief;rsm;onf &nfrSef;csufxufydkvGefum wdk;wufatmifjrif\/ tusdK;w&m;rsm; wdk;yGm; &&Sdwwf\}} om&dyw k .å .? ukeo f nfcsi;f wlygvsuf tusKd ;ay;rI? atmifjrifrI uGjJ ym;jcm;em;&jcif;\ taMumif;w&m; taxmuftyHhum;? þ igrdefY qdak wmfrcl o hJ nhf taMumif;rsm; jzpfayownf;}} (&nfñTef;udk;um;= t*Fkwå&edum,f? pwkuú edygwf? 0PdZokwf) (*) Bu;D yGm;csr;f oma&;twGuf uH? ÓPf? 0D&d,wnf;[laom tcsufoHk;csufudk t&if; wnf&\/ aiGaMu;t&if;tESD;jynhfpHkae½HkrQESihf pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

Ak'¨bmomESifh jrefrmpmayordkif; &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k ) ok w aqmif ; yg; jrefrmpm pum;ajyta&;tom;onf (12) &mpktpydkif;wGif ay:aygufcJhaomaMumihf jrefrmpm (pum;ajy) pwifjzpfwnfaomumv [k rS w f , l & rnf j zpf o nf / (12) &mpk w G i f ay:aygufcJhaom jrefrmpmayonf yk*Hacwf? yif ; ,acwf ? tif ; 0acwf ? awmif i l a cwf ? anmif&rf;acwf? uke;f abmifacwf? udv k ekd aD cwf? vGwfvyfa&;acwf ponhf acwf&Spfacwfudk tqihq f ifjh zwfoef;vsuf zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufvmcJNh y;D ,aeYacwfwGif jrefrmpmay\oufwrf;onf ESpfaygif; (900) cefY&SdcJhNyDjzpfonf/ jrefrmvlrsKd ;wd\ Yk jrefrmpmayay:xGe;f vmcJhaomtaMumif;rsm;udk avhvmMunhfrnf qdv k Qif Ak'b ¨ mompmay? jrefrmhya'o&mZfpepf ESifh jrefrmpmayudk vrf;cif;ay;aomygVd? ouú w? ysL? rGefpmaypaom taMumif;oHk;&yfrSm tajccH u saom taMumif ; rsm;jzpf o nf u d k awGU&SdMuayrnf/ (11) &mpkacwf? ax&0g'Ak'¨ omoemESifh yd#uwfawmfrsm;? yk*jH ynfoaYkd &muf &Sv d mNy;D aemuf yk*jH ynfom;wdo Yk nf Ak'o ¨ moem udk txl;ouf0if,MkH unfcMhJ uNy;D ukov kd af umif;rI trsdK;rsdK;jyKMu\/ rdrdwdkYjyKvkyfaom ukodkvf aumif;rIrsm;taMumif;udkvnf; ausmufxuf tu©&mjzihf (ausmufpmtjzpf) rSwfwrf;wifcJh Mu\/ xdt Yk wl yd#uwfpmayrsm;udk yk*jH ynf om;wdkY tywfwukwfavhvmMuNyD; Ak'¨pmay usr;f *efvm Zmwf? edygwfawmfrsm;udk o½kyaf zmf yef;cs?D yef;ykrsm;ESit fh wl bk&m;tm½Hck w H efaqmif; eH&Hrsm;wGif rifjzihf (rifpmtjzpf) a&;om; azmfjycJMh uonf/ þodjYk zihf yk*aH cwfrS pwifum ausmufpm? rifpmrsm; ay:aygufvmcJhonf/ xdaYk emuf wpfzef Ak'p¨ mayvm taMumif;t&m rsm;ud k pum;ajyjzih f v nf ; aumif ; ? um&H ? eab;jzih f oD u k H ; aom uAsmrsm;jzih f vnf;aumif; a&;zGJUcJhMuonf/ þodkYaom enf;vrf;jzihf Ak'¨bmompmayudk tajccHaom jrefrmpmaytrsdK;rsdK;wdkY ay:xGef;vmcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ jrefrmhya'o&mZfpepfonf yk*aH cwf

rS uke;f abmif (aemufq;kH ) acwftxd xGe;f um; cJhaompepfjzpf\/ ya'o&mZfpepft&? jrefrmh a&S ; OD ; pmqd k w d k Y o nf xD ; eef ; ywf 0 ef ; usif u d k trsm;qHk;tm½HkpdkufNyD; pmayrsm;udk a&;zGJUMu onf/ rif;? rdzk&m;? rSL;rwf? ol&Jaumif;wdkY taMumif ; ajr§ m uf p m;a&;zG J U Mujcif ; jzpf \ / odkYaomf rnfodkYyifjzpfap xdkya'o&mZfyk*¾dKvf a&;udk taMumif;jyKívnf; jrefrmpmaytrsdK; rsKd ;ay:xGe;f cGi&hf cJo h nfuakd wmh todtrSwjf yK& rnfjzpfayonf/ jrefrmpmay pum;ajyta&;tom; ray:aygufrDumvwGif yk*Hjynfü ouúw? ysL? rGe-f paom ta&;tom;rsm;&Sad eNyjD zpfaMumif; udk? a&Taypm? tkwfcGufpm? pOfhuGif;pm ponhf taxmuf t xm;rsm;t& od & S d & ayonf / xd k p mayrsm;onf v nf ; ay:ayguf v mrnh f jrefrmpmayta&;tom;twGuf a&SUajy;ozG,f jzpfcJhonf/ xdkacwfuay:aygufaeaom ygVd pmay? rGefpmaywdkYonf jrefrmpmay zGHUNzdK;wdk; wufa&;twGuf ]pHerlem,lp&m} ta&;tzGJU rsm;tjzpf taxmuftuljyKcJhayonf/ yk * H a cwf j ref r mpmay ]jrefrmpmaytp? yk*Hausmufpmu} [k tqd&k o dS nf/ yk*aH cwfwiG f a&;xd;k xm;aom ausmufpmrsm;onf tapmqHk; jrefrmpmay (pum;ajy) ta&;tom;rsm;yifjzpf\/ yk*aH cwf ausmufpmrsm;teuf jrefrmouú&mZf 474ckESpf (c&pfESpf- 1112) ckwGif a&;xkd;cJhaom &mZukrm&fausmufpmonf avhvmawGU&SdorQ ausmufpmwdkYwGif ouú&mZftcdkiftrma&;xdk; xm;aom tapmqH k ; jref r mpmayjzpf o nf / xdak usmufpmudk yk*jH rapwDb&k m;teD;rS wl;azmf awGU&SdMu&onhftwGuf ]jrapwDausmufpm} [k vnf; ac:Muonf/ xdkausmufpmwGif aumif;rI&Sif &mZ ukrm&f\ ukov kd af umif;rIukd rSww f rf;wifxm; \/ &mZuk r m&f o nf usef p pf o m;rif ; BuD ; uG,v f eG t f q hH q J J emruse;f jzpfaecsed w f iG f rif;Bu;D aus;Zl ; w&m;ud k atmuf a rh q if j cif v suf a&Tqif;wkb&k m;wpfqo l eG ;f vkyNf y;D rif;Bu;D tm; qufoavonf/ usefppfom;rif;BuD;onf

0rf ; ajrmuf 0 rf ; ompG m om"k a c:NyD ; aemuf oHCmawmfrsm;udkyifhí a&pufoGef;csvSL'gef; avonf/ &mZukrm&frif;om;onf xdak &Tqif;wk bk&m;udk ]Xmyem} jyKí jrif;uyg&GmteD;ü ]*lajymufBuD;bk&m;} wnfcJhonf/ ,if;*lajymufBuD;bk&m; wnfawmfrl &jcif; taMumif;rsm;udk &mZukrm&frif;om;u ygVdbmom? ysLbmom? rGefbmom? jrefrm bmom- [laom bmompmayav;rsdK;jzihf ausmuf p ma&;xd k ; rS w f w rf ; wif c J h a v&m jref r mpmayonf ausmuf x uf t u© & m toGifjzihf a&S;OD;ay:ayguf vmcJh&ayonf/ yk*HacwfukefqHk;onhf (13) &mpkaESmif;ydkif;odkY a&muf a omtcg jref r mpmayonf wpf p wpfpjzihf pnfyifzGHUNzdK;vmcJh\/ yk*H ausmufpm rsm;onf tvSL&SifwdkY\rSwfwrf;rQ omjzpf aomf v nf ; tvS L &S i f w d k Y \ cH p m;rI r sm;ES i h f apwemxufoefyHkrsm;rSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fawmh aumif;ayonf/ tvSL&Sif anmif&rf;BuD; orD;awmf onf uG,v f eG o f cl ifyeG ;f onfudk ]]rdr\ d touf ESiw fh al om? rsupf rd suq f efEiS w fh al om? rdrcd sppf mG aomvif}} [k OyrmtvuFmjzihf olr\cspjf cif; arwåmw&m;Bu;D rm;yHu k kd ausmufpmjzihf azmfusL; cJhavonf/ xdkuJhodkY ausmufpmrsm;enf;wl ]rifpm} rsm;onfvnf; a&S;usaom jrefrmpm ta&;tom;yifjzpfayonf/ yk*HNrdKU&Sd ]avmu xdyyf ef*b l &k m;Bu;D } eH&w H iG f ZmwfawmfBu;D q,fbUJG udk eH&aH q;a&;yef;csjD zihf yHak zmfa&;qGNJ y;D yHt k ñTe;f pmrsm;jzihf rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf/ &mZuk r m&f r if ; om;\ ]jrapwD ausmufpm} ESifh ra&S;raESmif; a&;xkd;xm;aom ]avmuxdyyf ef*b l &k m;} eH&Hay:wGif rifpmrsm; onf ,cktxd tapmqHk;awGU&aom ZmwfBuD; q,fbGJUo½kyfazmf jrefrmpmay (pum;ajy)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

jzpf a yonf / xd k Y t wl y if Ak ' ¨ p mayvm ig;&mhig;q,f Zmwfrsm;ESihf ZmwfBuD;q,fbGJU? Ak'¨0if ponfrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom rifpmrsm;udkvnf; yk*HacwfrSm trsm;tjym; awGU&Sd&ayonf/ yk*HacwfwGif jrefrmpmaypwifay: aygufcJhonhfenf;wl? uAsmtzGJUtEGJUrsm;vnf; ay:aygufcahJ yonf/ acwftqufquf rSww f rf; rsm;t& teEÅo&l , d trwfBu;D \ ]rsuaf jzvuFm} ESihf ]odk;uav;..}} tpcsD ykyÜg;ewfawmifzGJU vuFmwdkYudk yk*HacwfrSm pwifay:aygufaom uAsmrsm;tjzpf tpOftqufrSwfom;cJhMu\/ yif ; ,acwf j ref r mpmay yk*HacwfukefqHk;onhf (13) &mpkrS (14) &mpktwGif; jrif;pdkif;? yif;,? ppfudkif;wdkY wGif jrefrmrif;rsm; xD;eef;pdkufaomacwfudk ]yif;,acwf} [k owfrw S Mf uonf/ yif;,acwf ü tvSLrSwfwrf;rSwf&mjzpfaom ausmufpm acwf qufvufay:xGe;f cJ\ h / ,if;yif;,acwf ausmufpmrsm;wGif tvuFmtqifwefqmwdkY jzihf rSww f rf;wifa&;om;vmMuonf/ &Sib f &k if wk\ Yd *kPu f zkd UJG EGUJ Mu&mü ]bke;f wefc;kd toa&ESifh vnf; jynfhpHkpGmaom? &wemoHkyg;udk tvGef,Hk MunfpGmxaom? &efolcyfodrf;udkvnf; ESdrfeif; xaom...? ponf emr0daooersm;pGmjzihf crf;crf;em;em; a&;zGJUcJhMuonf/ ]r[m0d [ m&- ok " r® m rnf a om ewfobifvsif ajrwGifusodkY tvGefqef;Mu,f wihfw,fpGmxaom? a&Tausmif;BuD;..}} [lí OyrmtvuFmwefqmqifzGJUqdkrIrsdK;udk awGU& onf/ xdkYtwl yif;,acwfwiG f &wk? wsmbGUJ ? umcsif ; - paomuAsmzGJUenf;wdkY ay:xGef; cJo h nf/ ppfa&;jyjrif;cif;obifodkY &Sifbk&ifu wufa&mufcyhJ u kH kd o½kyaf zmfa&;zGUJ aom- ]wsmbGUJ } uAsmESifh jrifpikd ;f om;wd\ Yk ZmwdaoG;? Zmwdrmef ESihf EdkifiHawmfpnfyifom,myHkudk a&;zGJUxm; aom- ]umcsif;} uAsmwdkYonf yif;,acwfü xif&Sm;aom uAsmrsm;jzpfcJhayonf/ tif ; 0acwf j ref r mpmay tif;0acwfonf tif;0ü xD;eef; pwifwnfaxmifaom- (14) &mpktv,frS (16) &mpktxd ESpfaygif; (160) cefY &SnfMum aom acwfjzpf\/ ausmufpmacwf? rifpm acwf? ay&Gufay:wGif unpfwHjzihf pma&; aom- aypmacwfodkY tm;jyKul;ajymif;vmcJh csdefjzpfonf/ tif;0acwf pmqdkawmftrsm;pk rSm &[ef;rsm;jzpfNyD; usefpmqkdawmfrsm;rSm rif;rIxrf;rsm; rif;nDrif;om;rsm;jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumihfvnf; Ak'¨bmomudk tajc cHaom w&m;"r®ESihfpyf,SOfaom pmayrsm;ESihf xD;eef;0ef;usifudk tajccHaom pmayrsm; t&Sdeft[kefjzihfxGef;um;aomacwfrSm tif;0 acwf[k qdk&ayrnf/ tif;0acwfonf tcsdef umv&SnfMumjcif;? EdkifiHawmfNidrf;csrf;om,m jcif;paom taMumif;w&m;rsm;aMumihfvnf; pmaumif;ayrGef trsm;tjym;ay:xGef;cJhaom acwfjzpfcJhayonf/ tif;0acwfrmS ]ayav;yif? &Siaf v;yg v;yg;};} [k xif&Sm;onhf &SifOwårausmf? &Sifr[m oDv0Ho? &Siftkef;ndK? &SifacrmwdkYESihftwl &Sifr[m&|om&? &Sift*¾orm"d? &SifawaZm om&- paom pmqdkrsm;vnf; ay:xGef;cJhMu onf/ pum;ajyusrf;rsm;wGif &Sifr[moDv0H o\ ]&mZ0ifausmf} ESifh ]yg&m,e} 0w¬KwdkYrSm tif;0acwf\xif&Sm;aom pmayrSwfwkdifrsm; yifjzpfonf/ ]&mZ0ifausmf} usrf;onf awGU& orQwGif taumif;qHk; &mZ0ifusrf;jzpf\/ &mZ0iftcsuftvufrsm;jynhfpHkonfomru? pum;ajyta&;tom;t&mwG i f pH e rl e m ,lxkdufaom usrf;wpfapmifjzpfayonf/ &Sifr[moDv0Ho\vuf&m ]yg&m ,e} 0w¬Konfvnf; tapmqHk;ay:xGufvm onhf Ak'¨pmay0w¬Kjzpfonf/ &[ef;a,musfm;? &[ef;r? vla,musfm;? vltrsdK;orD;wdkYwGif eef;rDSpHjyKavmufaomyk*¾dKvf&SpfOD;wdkY\ pdwf0if pm;zG , f & mjzpf & yf r sm;jzpf o nf / ]yg&m,e} [laomygVdawmfpum;t"dyÜm,frSm ]urf;wpfbuf (odrYk [kw)f edAmÁ efoo Ykd mG ;&mvrf;} jzpfayonf/ tif;0acwf jrefrmpmay\xl;jcm; csufrSm uAsmrsm; t&Sdeft[kefjzihf xGef;um; vmjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;tm;jzihf ]ysdKUacwf} [k a c:&avmuf a tmif ysd K UuAsmvuF m rsm; xG e f ; um;cJ h \ / ]ysd K U} trsd K ;tpm;tm;jzih f Ak ' ¨ 0 if Z mwf 0 w¬ K ud k jyef v nf z G J U qd k a om &Sirf [moDv0Ho\ ]qkawmif; cef;ysKd U}? Zmwuudk jyefvnfzGJUqdkaom &Sifr[m &|om&\ ]oH0&ysdKU} rsm;ESihf pmqdkawmfwdkY\ yifudk,f ÓPf j zih f z G J U qd k a om ysd K U- Oyrm- &S i f r [m &|om&\ ]*rÇDom&ysdKU} ESifh uefawmfrif; ausmif ; q&mawmf \ ]avmuom&ysd K U} wdkYtm;jzihf ysdKUESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; awGU&ayonf/ &Sif r[m&|om&\ ]*rÇD&ysdKU} ESihf uefawmfrif;ausmif;q&mawmf\ ]avmu om&ysd K U} wd k Y r S m Mo0g'-tqH k ; trysd K Ursm; jzpfonf/ &Sifr[moDv0HoESihf &Sifr[m&|

om&wdkY\ pmrsm;ESihfywfoufNyD; oHk;oyfMu&m wGif &Sifr[moDv0Ho\pmwdkYrSm vdyf&ifbwf ESiw fh Nl y;D ? &Sirf [m&|om&\pmwdrYk mS xef;wuf orm;&ifbwfESihfwlonf[k qdkMu\/ &Sifr[moDv0Ho\pmwdkYrSm avmukwå&mqdkif&m cJ&mcJqpfrsm;ESifh tpOf ESD;EG,faeNyD;? &Sifr[m&|om&\pmwdkYrSmum; avmuk w å &ma&;ES ih f avmuD a &;taMumif ; ESpyf g; aygif;pyfaeonf[k qdv k &dk if;jzpfayonf/ &S i f r [moD v 0H o \ ]yg&rD a wmf c ef ; ysd K UES i h f qkawmif;cef;ysKd U} wdw Yk iG f ]yg&rD roDEiS }fh [k ajym prSwfjyK&onftxd? avmukwå&ma&;qdkif&m cJ&mcJqpfrsm;yg&Sdayonf/ ayav;yif &S i f a v;yg;wd k Y w G i f yg0ifaom &Sit f ek ;f ndKonfvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; jynfawmf0ifcef;udk a&;zGJUaom *gxm ajcmufq,fys ysKd Uwpfapmifwnf wnf;jzihf tif;0acwf pmqdk&SifwpfOD;tjzp tjzpff ausm ausmff apmxif apmxif&Sm;cJh\/ tif;0acwfonf jrefrmpum;ajyESifh tvuFm uAsmxGef;um; aomacwf [k qdk&ayonf/ taMumif;rSm tif;0acwfü ysdKUuAsm? {csif; cJhaom uAsm? &wkuAsmrsm; txl;xGef;um; um;cJ aMumihf jzpfayonf/ tif;0acwfwGif uAsmtrsdK;tpm; trsKd ;rsKd ; ay:xGe;f cJ&h mwGif uefawmfrif;ausmif; q&mawmf\ arwåmpmonfvnf; xif&Sm;cJh onf/ xdak rwåmpmonf avmuüawG;awmqif jcifí usihftyf? enf;,lrSwfom;tyfaom? pum;yHk? xHk;wD;enf;emrsm;udk jyoqHk;r&ef a&;om; qufoiG ;f aompmjzpf\/ vG,u f al om pum;Oyrmrsm;jzifh zGUJ qdx k m;apumrl t"dymÜ ,f um; tvGeu f s,0f ef;av;eufvaS yonf/ tif;0 acwf jrefrmpmaytajctaeudk qifjcifo;kH oyf &aomf tif;0acwfonf ]jrefrmpmay} tqihf jrihfrm;aomacwf[k qdk&ayrnf/ awmif i l a cwf j ref r mpmay awmif i l a cwf o nf awmif i l w G i f pwifxD;eef;pdkufaom (15) &mpkaESmif;ydkif;rS awmifilxD;eef;ysufaom (16) &mpkaESmif;ydkif; txd Mumjrihfaomumvjzpf\/ 'kwd,jrefrm EdkifiHawmf pnf;½Hk;xlaxmifaomacwfjzpfonhf tm;avsmf p G m Ed k i f i H a wmf w nf a qmuf a &;? ppf r uf a &;..paom avmuD a &;&mrsm;ud k tm;ay;tm;jyKa&;zGJUaompmayrsm; xGef;um;cJh onf/ pum;ajyrsm;ESihfywfoufNyD; xif&Sm; aomusr;f rSm- rGe0f efBu;D ]Anm;'v} rGeb f mom pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo-oxk H

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) wpf a vmuvH k ; tES H Y y G m ;rsm;Muapvd k jrwf A k ' ¨ [ m twd k i f ; twmyrmP tuefYtowfrxm;wJh tyÜrmParwåmjzihf rnfolYudkrS csefrxm;bJ vTrf;NcHKum t<uif;rJh arwåmydo Yk &ef ty&drmPHy'k jf zihf jyqdak [mMum; awmfrlcJhygNyD/ þuJhodkY twdkif;t&Snfr&Sd? tuefY towfrxm; tvH;k pHjk yefEY aYHS tmif arwåmjzefyY mG ; yHkudk xif&Sm;ay:vGifapatmif ]arwåÍö}} tp&Sd aom *gxmjzihf xyfrHrdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/ arwå Í ö oAÁ a vmuod ® H ? rmeoH bm0a, ty&d r mPH / O'¨ H ta"mp wd & d , Íö ? torÁm"H ta0& roywåH/ O'¨-H txufavmut½lyb0üvnf; aumif;? ta"m- atmufjynfavmu umrb0 üvnf;aumif;? wd&, d -H tv,favmu½lyb0 üvnf;aumif;? oAÁavmuod® H-tvHk;pHkaom avmuü? ty&drmPH- twkdif;twm yrmP r&Sdaom? arwåH- arwåmESihf,SOfaom? rmeoHpdwu f ?dk torÁm"H- tydik ;f tjcm;uif; usO;f ajrmif; jcif;r&So d nfu?kd ta0&H- a'go[lbd twGi;f &ef vnf; r&Sdonfudk? toywåH- ESdyfpuf&efrl ty&ef o l v nf ; r&S d o nf u d k ? uwG m -jyKí? bm0a,- yGm;rsm;&m\/ 'Dvkd oajyuefq&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u teuf a y;xm;ygw,f / qd k v d k & if ; uawmh avmuwpf c G i f 31 bH k r S m &S d M uwJ h txuf avmuvdkYqdk&wJh t½lyb0 (t½ly 4-bHk)? atmufjynfavmuvdkYqdk&wJh umrb0 (umr 11-bHk)? tv,favmuvdkYqdk&wJh ½lyavmu (½ly 16-bH)k aygif;&if 31-bHrk mS &SMd uwJh tvH;k pHk

aom avmuom;rsm;udk tydkif;tjcm; tuefY towfr&Sdaom arwåmpdwfudk ydkif;jcm;rIuif; usOf;ajrmif;jcif;r&SdatmifeJY a'go[laom twGi;f &efç ty&efvnf;r&Sad tmif yGm;rsm;Mu& r,fvdkY qdkxm;ygw,f/ tvG , f q d k & &if a wmh O'¨ H t& txufb0*fwdkifatmif? ta"m t& atmuf t0Dpdwkdifatmif? wd&d,H t& useftv,f&yf 0ef;wGi&f MdS uukeaf om owå0gtm;vH;k udk &nfrw S f NyD; arwåmyGm;rsm;yHkyJjzpfygw,f/ yGm;rsm;wJhtcgrSmvnf;rdrdeJYoabm xm;csi;f rwku d q f ikd o f ?l &efou l ykd if csev f yS rf xm; bJ rdrd\&efolüyif arwåma&mufatmif jyKEdkif ygrS tuefYtowfç usOf;ajrmif;jcif;r&Sd arwåm e,f us,0f ef;oGm;wmudk ]torÁm"} vdYk qdw k myg/ b,f u r® | mef ; bm0emyJ j zpf j zpf pwifusihfyGm;ckdufrSm xufoeftm;aumif;rIeJY rjynhpf w kH wfao;ygbl;/ arwåmbm0emrSmvnf; twl w l y gyJ / tavh t vm&if h u suf v mvd k Y Oypm&psmef? tyÜempsmef tajca&mufatmif tm;xkwfrIaumif;rGefjynhf0vmNyDqdk&ifawmh tvd&k &dS if&o dS vdk avmuwpfciG v f ;kH tESYH jzefu Y suf yGm;rsm;vmEdkifrSmygyJ/ xdkuJhodkY psmeftajctae a&mufatmif yGm;rsm;Edik o f rl sm;&JU arwåmbm0em udkom ]torÁm"} vdq Yk &kd aMumif; jyqdv k akd wmfrl wmyg/ arwå m qd k w m vl ç ewf ç jA[® m owå 0 gtaygif ; csrf ; omMuygap[k þod k Y tusd K ;vd k v m;rI awmihfwrIygaom ta&miftaoG;uif;rJhonhf cspfcifjrwfEdk;jcif;onfyif arwåmoabmrSef jzpfygw,f/ arwåm&JU o½kyw f &m;ud, k o f abmu ]ta'go} apwoduyf g/ ta'goyk'u f kd b,fvkd ñTefjyovJqdk&if 0dok'¨dr*f? jA[®0d[m&eda'´o 0PÖem? arwåmbm0emuxmrSm 'Dvdkjyqdkxm; ygw,f/ ta'goed a '´ o - ta'go-yk ' f \

eda'´oü? arwåd- cspfjcif; (0g) csrf;omapvdk jcif;? arwåm,em- cspfaomtjcif;t&m (0g) csr;f omapvdak omtjcif;t&m? arwåm,dwwå-H cspfonf\tjzpf (0g) csrf;omapvdkonf\ tjzpfvdkY zGifhqdkjyxm;ygw,f/ qufNyD;awmhvnf; cGifhvTwfonf;cH jcif; cEÅDw&m;onfvnf; a'goç tmCmw tp&Sad om qefu Y sib f ufw&m;wdu Yk kd y,fazsmuf wwfaomoabmaMumihf arwåmbm0emyGm;rsm; olwdkif; vufudkifjyKxm;&rnhfw&m;jzpfaMumif; qdkxm;ygao;w,f/ 'ghaMumihfvnf; ]arwåmqdk wm cGihfvTwfjcif;} vdkY ajymqdkaeMu? oHk;EIef;ae Mu&jcif;yg/ e,f j cm;awmif w ef ; omoemjyK q&m aw awmfmfbk&m;BuD;uqdkvQif ]]arwåm[m avmuBuD; wpfckvHk;rSm tcsrf;omqHk;w&m; Bu;D yJ/ csr;f om rIwumwdrYk mS b,fcsr;f omeJrY S rwlbl;? arwåmw&m;udkom pGJpGJNrJNrJvufudkif xm;Edkif&if (vQif) oHo&musifvnf&onhf wdkifatmif bmrSaMumuf p&mr&Sdawmhbl;}} &,fvdkY xkwfazmfrdefYxm;cJhygw,f/ xif&mS ;wJt h jcm;aom q&mawmfBu;D rsm;pGmvnf; arwåm&JUoabm? arwåm&JUtusdK; tmedoifajrmufjrm;pGmudk av;av;eufeuf azmfñTef;zGihfqdkxm;wmawGvnf; rsm;pGm&Sdaeyg ao;w,f/ 'ghtjyif y#dorÇd'gr*f? arwåmuxm rSmvnf; arwåmtusdK; (11) yg;wdkYudk jyqdkNyD; arwåmyGm;rsm;enf;rsm;udv k nf; jyqdx k m;onfukd avhvmEdkifMuygao;w,f/ tusOf;tm;jzihf £a`E´ (5) yg;? Adkvf (5) yg;? aAmZÑif (7) yg;? r*¾if (8) yg;wdkYjzihf tydik ;f tjcm;rJh ysUH ESaYH om arwåmapawm0drw k u då kd jzpfaptyfaMumif;? Burd zf efrsm;pGmrS0D t J yfaMumif; ponftm;jzihf tao;pdyfvrf;ñTef a[mMum; xm;yHkrsm;jzpfMuygw,f/ ñTe;f = arwåow k f (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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13

xkdif&muvnf; rxawmhbl;/ tpm tm[m& ukdvnf; rokH;aqmifawmhbl;/ aocsifvnf; aoawmh/ ,ck &&Sdxm;wJhtoufukd jruf avmufyif ta&;rxm;awmhbl;vdkY qkH;jzwf xm;ygw,f/ t"d|mefyg&rDukd jyif;xefpGmusihfokH; r,fvYdk qk;H jzwfxm;whJ 0dZ,max&D[m owdudk a&SUxm;Ny;D ÓPf? 0D&, d w&m;rsm;jzihf tm;xkwf vkdufwm ckepf&ufajrmufaomaeYrSm &[EÅm jzpfawmfrlcJhygw,f/ yk*¾Kdvfwpfa,muf[m w&m;xl;ukd &zkdYqkd&if t*Fg(5)csufeJY jynhfpkH&ygr,f/ tJ'D t*Fgig;yg;xJrSm wpfyg;yg; csKdU,Gif;aeygu w&m;xl;r&Ekdifay/ xkdig;yg;ukd y"med,*Fw&m;(5)yg;vkdY vnf; ac:ygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfajym&&if w&m;xl;&EkdifwJhtaMumif;t&mig;rsKd;ayhg/ tu,fí tJ'Dig;csufukd ajymif;jyef tm;jzihfqkdygu (ty"med,*F) w&m;r&EkdifwJh taMumif;awGygyJ/ w&m;&Ek d i f w J h ig;yg;qk d w m1/ jrwf p G m bk & m;\w&m;awmf t ay:rS m ,k H M unf r I o '¨ g w&m;&S d j cif ; / 2/ tema&m*gr&S d ? usef ; rmjcif ; / 3/ raumufuspf? rpOf;vJbJ rdrdtjypfukd 0ef c H E k d i f j cif ; / 4/ ukokdvfw&m;awGukd tm;xkwfzkdY 0D&d, &S d j cif ; / 5/ ÓPf a umif ; jcif ; wd k Y j zpf y gw,f / tu,f í w&m;tm;xk w f a ewJ h vlwpfa,muf[m xkdw&m;(5)yg;xJrSm wpfyg; yg; tm;enf;aer,fqkdygu w&m;xl;r&Ekdif&Sm ay/ Oyrmtm;jzihf 0dZ,max&D[m pdwf awG ysUH vGiNfh y;D orm"dr&wJt h cgrSm w&m;tvkyf ukd qufNy;D tm;xkwcf sipf w d af wG r&Sad wmhygbl;/ 'g[m y"med,*F w&m;ig;yg;xJu w&m;tm;xkwfzkYd 0D&d,enf;yg;oGm;wmjzpfyg w,f / wpf c k c k u k d csKd U ,G i f ; wmeJ Y w &m;&zk d Y aESmifhaES;oGm;a&m/ 0dZ,max&D[m 0D&d,tm;enf;wm ukd jyKjyifBuK;d pm;Ny;D tm;xkwv f u dk w f m rMumcif w&m;xl;ukd &oGm;ygawmhw,f/ &[EÅmtjzpf odkY a&muf&SdoGm;wJh 0dZ,max&Dr[m tvkH;pkH aom avmu&JUtaESmiftzGJU taESmihft,Suf tm;vkH;u uif;vGwfoGm;ygw,f/ b,folu b,fvkdyif aESmifhf,Suf pmrsuf E S m 15 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

14

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xHawmfodkY a&mufcJhavonf/ jrwfbk&m;\ w&m;a&at;uk d aomuf o k H ; vk d u f & cgrS aomurD;rsm; aysmufukefNyD;aemufqkH; &[EÅm BuD;tjzpfxd a&muf&SdoGm;awmhonf/ xkw d &m;oHudk Mum;vku d &f wJh OD;ausmf odef; wpfa,mufonf MuufoD;arT;n§if;rsm; wzsif;zsif;xoGm;avawmhonf/ ]rdrdb0ESihf wkdufqkdifaeygvm;? rl;½l;xkHxkdif;aeonfrSm wpfxyfwnf;jzpfaeonf/ þq&mawmf ihgukd MunhfNyD; a[maeovm;} [k tawG;rsm;yif a&mufcJh\/ xkdaeYnw&m;yGJukd NyD;qkH;atmif em,l c J h a vonf / aemuf a eY r sm;wG i f v nf ; OD;ausmfodef;wpfa,muf w&m;yGJodkY ta&muf vmjzpfawmhonf/ w&m;yGJ&Sdwkdif; em,ljzpfcJh onf/ tcsdefMumvmawmh w&m;ukd tvGef trif ; oabmus vuf c H v mavonf / tESpo f m&ukv d nf; em;vnfoabm aygufvm NyD/ q&mawmfBuD;udkvnf; MunfnKdrdonf/ tcGio fh maomwpfaeY wGif q&mawmf\teD;odYk uyfí zl;arQmu f efawmh\/ q&mawmfu ]'um b,fuvJ} [k ar;avonf/ ]wynhfawmf rEÅ a v;uygbk & m;} [k avQmuf a vonf / xkdYaemuf q&mawmfu ]at;- w&m;udkvnf; emyg? 'gayr,fh em½kHeJYvnf; auseyfraeeJY? ÓPfeJY cE¨mukd,fxJu vSnhfpkdufay;yg? rayhgeJY} þodkY owday;awmfrlygonf/ OD;ausmfodef; wpfa,muf q&mawmf\Mo0g'ukd auseyf tm;&um 0rf;omrqkH;jzpfae\/ q&mawmf\ pum;udkvnf; tNrJem;axmifrSwfom;cJh\/ ouú&mZf 1318 ckESpf (c&pf 1596 ck? atmuf wkdbmvukef) oDwif;uRwfaomtcg rkd;ukwf q&mawmf B uD ; \ ouf a wmf r S m (57)ES p f ?

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ pGmoDwif;okH;zkdYtwGuf ausmif;vdktyfaeonf} [kawG;um ausmif;vSLzkYd avQmufxm;avonf/ q&mawmfu vufcHvkdufojzihf r*Fvmr*¾if &dyfomtwGif;ü ax&moepHausmif; (rax&f BuD;wkdY oDwif;okH;&mausmif;)ukd aqmufvkyf Muawmh\/ 1318 ckESpfa[mif; ukefí 1319 ck E S p f o d k Y y if a&muf & S d c J h N yD / ausmif ; 'um OD ; ausmf o d e f ; vnf ; ausmif ; NyD ; pD ; zk d Y t wG u f tm½kpH u dk af ecJo h nf/ xkaYd Mumihf q&mawmfBu;D u ]armifausmfodef; rif;w&m; rif;tm;xkwfyg? olY[mol NyD;csdefwef &if NyD;vdrfhr,f? ayhgraeeJY tif t m;&S d w k e f ; ÓPf aumif ; wk e f ; rS m tm;xk w f M u&wm? tcsd e f a umif ; tcG i h f aumif ; uk d vuf v G w f q k H ; ½I H ; rcH e J Y } [l í owday;qkH;rawmfrlygonf/ aus;Zl;rsm;vSay onf/ ausmif;'um ]OD;ausmfodef;} vnf; w&m;tm;xkwf&if;jzihfyif ausmif;twGuf pDrH &avonf/ 1319 ckESpfukefcgeD; (c&pf 1958) wGif ]ax&moepHausmif;} vkH;0NyD;pD;cJhonf/ odkYaomf q&mawmfu vufrcHao;? a&pufcs ray;ao;acs/ ]rif ; wd k Y t&if q k H ; w&m;uk d zdzdpD;pD; tm;xkwfMutkH;? ukd,fwGif;'ku©opöm w&m;awG (tjzpftysuf)awGukd ukd,fykdifÓPf eJY xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jrifatmif? ykdifykdifEkdifEkdifod atmif ½IMutkH;? NyD;awmhrS tJ'D'ku©opömw&m; wdkYrS vGwfajrmuf&ygvdk\/ vGwfajrmuf&m edAmÁ efudk rsuaf rSmufjyK&ygvd\ k [kqNdk y;D vSL'gef; Mu&r,f}/ þodkY ñTefMum;qkH;rawmfrlygonf/ xkadY Mumifh ausmif;ukd rvSL&rcHao;? w&m;udyk if oJoJrJrJ tm;xkwfapavonf/ þenf;jzihf 1319 ckESpfrS 1320 ckESpfodkY a&mufcJhjyefyg onf/ ausmif;'um OD;ausmfodef;ESifh a,m*D rsm;onf tr&yl&&dyfomtwGif;ü w&m;ukd aocsmusepGm tm;xkwfaeMuavonf/ q&m awmfuvnf; txl;Muyfrwfay;awmfryl gonf/ ]]opö m w&m;qk d w m wjcm;uk d oG m ;&S m ae&rS m r[k w f b l ; ? uk d , h f c E¨ m uk d , f xJ r S m yJ & S d w ,f / uk d , f h Ó Pf e J Y c E¨ m uk d jyefMunhfprf;? ½kyfukdyJ MunhfMunhf emrfudkyJ Munh f M unh f ? BuKd u f w muk d M unh f ck d i f N rJ w m wpfckrSawGUrSmr[kwfbl;? tNrJwrf; jzpfysuf ajymif;vJaewmukd awGUvdrfhr,f? tukefvkH; ay:vkdufaysmufvkdufeJY jzpfaewm? jzpfNyD;&if {uef y suf o G m ;Muwmcsnf ; uk d y J awG U &rS m ? yuwdrsufpdeJY rawGUEkdifbl;aemf/ ÓPfrsufpdeJY om awGU&rSm? tJ'gawG[m 'ku©opömawG csnf;yJayhg/ b,frSm taumif;qkdvkdY&rvJ/

tJ ' gawG u k d rjrif M u? rod M uvk d Y taumif;awGxifNyD; 'D½kyfemrfb0awGukdyJ awmif ; waeMuwm? awmif ; awmh &a&m/ &awmh 'kux © J jyefepfjyefa&m/ tckvdk 'kuo © pöm awGukd jrifxm;? odxm;Muawmh taumif;awG r[kwfbl;qkdwmukdoda&m? odawmh tJ'D'ku© opömb0awGukd awmif;wygtkH;rvm;/ ykdufqH ay;Ny;D awmif;ckid ;f wmawmif rawmif;awmhb;l / rawmif;awmh r&bl;ayhg? bmukd ajymif;awmif; ovJqkdawmh tJ'D'ku©awGrS vGwfajrmuf&m edAmÁ efuydk J awmif;awmhw,f/ tJ'v D jkd zpfatmif vdkY OD;pGmyxr ]'ku©opömukd odatmifvkyfyg? opömuko d Nd y;D rS vSLyg} vkYd ñTeMf um;ae&wmayhg}} [k tus,fw0ifh rdefYawmfrlygonf/ xkdtcgusrS ausmif;'um OD;ausmf odef;onf ]aMomf- opömodNyD;rS vSLygqkdwm 'grsKd;ukd;} [k oabmaygufygawmhonf/ trSef

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rSm 0#f'ku©awGukd rawmif;wMurdatmif a&S; q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u jyKjyifay;awmfrlMujcif; jzpfygonf/ onfawmhrS ]ax&moepHausmif;} ukd vSL'gef;cGihf&awmhavonf/ rkd;ukwfq&m awmf b k & m;BuD ; onf Ak ' ¨ b momwd k Y t wG u f txl ; wvnf vrf ; ñT e f j yKjyif a y;cJ h y gonf / aus;Zl;rsm;vSayonf/ xkaYd Mumifh pm½Iol "r®rw d af qGtaygif; wd k Y v nf ; tvS L 'gejyKMu&m0,f 0#f ' k u © r S vG w f a jrmuf a Mumif ; 'geaumif ; rI j zpf M u &avatmif ]opö m od N yD ; rS vS L yg} [k q&mawmfBuD;\ukd,fpm; wpfqihfvrf;ñTef vdkuf&ygawmhonf/ oAÁ o wå m eH ok c d w ma[mEÅ K Zd a em&o t&S i f £ E´ o D [ (vS n f ; ul ; ) usrf ; uk d ; rk d ; uk w f q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ wpf b 0omoemusrf ;

pmrsuf E S m 13 rS t&G,Ef yk sKNd y;D vSyw,f? uREyfk [ f mvnf; t&G,f ygap? wk e f v I y f j cif ; tvsOf ; r&S d a wmh a y/ i,fi,fESihf wihfw,fwJh vkvifysKdwpfa,muf aESmihf,Sufjcif;uawmh &Sdwwfygw,f/ 0dZ,m jzpfygw,f? tkd- &Sifr0dZ,m toHom,mwJh ax&DrBuD;[m wpfaeYaomtcg om0w¦dae wl&d,mav;jzihf aysmfarGUMu&atmif}} rm&fewf&JUpum;ukdMum;awmh 0dZ, jynfawmfBuD;rSm qGrf;cH vSnhfvnfawmfrlNyD; aemuf wpfukd,fwnf; wnfNidrfpGmjzihf zv ax&Drav;u]][,f- rm&fewf? ykxkZOfwdkY&JU pdwf ormywfcsrf;omukd cHpm;zdkY ]eE´0ef} awm ES v k H ; uk d &T i fNyKH;atmif aoG;aqmifwwfwJh umr twGif;ukd 0ifa&mufcJhygw,f/ f &m;awGudk igtvkrd &Sb d ;l ? oifu h o hJ aYkd om ]eE´0ef} awmtkyftwGif;ukda&muf *kPw awmh wpfckaomopfyif&if;rSm NidrfoufpGm owå0grkdufwdkYomvQif jrwfEkd;avh&SdMuygw,f}} rm&fewf[m 0dZ,max&Drukd w&m; xkid af eawmfrpl Of rm&fewfBu;D a&mufvmygw,f/ rm&fewfBuD;&J &nf&G,fcsufuawmh xl;&aewmukd rodawmh aESmihf,Sufwmayhg/ Y aMumif;awGudk 0dZ,max&Dr tjcm;r[k w f a y/ 0d Z ,max&D r ud k orm"d aemufawmh olt f u S b f J jyefomG ;ygawmh ysufjym;atmif vkyfzkdYvmwmyg/ rm&fewf[m u odomG ;awmh raESmih, tvGev f yS wJh vkvifysKu d av;toGizf efqif;Ny;D w,f/ a&T u ef t&S i f M obmooD & d apmif;aumufav;ukdydkufum NyKH;&TifpGmjzihf usrf ; uk d ; 0dZ,max&DrxHukduyfumed'ge0*¾oH,kwf? 0dZ,max&D0w¦K ]]tk d - &S i f r 0d Z ,m? oif [ mvnf ;

qk x l ; yef tajccH y |mef ; oif w ef ; wmarGNrdKUe,f? ewfacsmif;&yfuGuf omoemhrmefatmifausmif;? y&d,wådpmoifwdkuf? rdk;ukwf"r®&dyfomtwGif;ü qkxl;yef tbd"r®moifwef;rS o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z- (qkxl;yef q&m[ef) ESihf q&mr a':cifoEÅmOD;wdkY\qkxl;yef tajccHy|mef;oifwef; pwif zGihfvSpfrnhf&uf - 1.1.2011 (paeaeY) nae 6;00 rS 8;00 tywfpOf -pae ? we*FaEGaeY

DHAMMA TALK

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17

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DHAMMA DEW

18

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tarha<u;ausapzkdY Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D )

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tarh a <u;ausat;apzd k Y em;0,fprd ihf mS ? igq&mvQi?f rmwmydw? *kPu f jkd yí? ykww å t Ykd m; qyfjim;ydkifaMumif;? azmfjya&Smif;í raumif;rdb? "r®rwnf rMunfrndK 0efwrkd pd mä ? ygPmwdygwf? owfcwfv, k ?l rjzLESv;kH ? roH;k oDv? 'ge ryGm;? roGm;ausmif;uef [kwfvSrSefom;? rdbtm;udk? w&m;apmihf apmihf awmfajzmifhvSpGm? rdpämrazmuf? raomufaopm? ygPmolYouf? cdk;0Suf vk,l? þig;ckudk rjyKESihfAsm vSL'grjywf? yd@ygwfvnf;? rvyfaeYwdkif; r½dkif;ausmif;uef? trSefoGm;oGm;? w&m;emem? &wemoHk;OD;? rjywfzl;í MunfEl;vSap/ anmifa&vnf;oGef;? qDrD;xGef;vQuf? qGrf;uGrf;vbuf? a&pufcscs? vSL'geESi?fh oDvOyko?f ud, k Ef w I Ef v S ;kH apmiho f ;kH ygAsm? rdrmwm wdkY? þodkYqdkwwf? wdkYom;jrwfudk? qyfqyfaus;Zl;rdk;\wnf;/ (ykawåm0g') tarh(tazh)\ aus;Zl;a<u;rsm; aMuat;ap&eftwGuf aus;Zl;qyf&mwGif avmuDjzihfa<u;qyfenf;? avmukwå&mjzihf qyfenf; ESpfrsKd;&Sdavonf/ 1/ avmuDjzihf tarha<u;ay;qyf&mütarh(tazh)udk jyKpkvkyf auR;apmihfa&Smufay;vsuf qyf&m\/ tdkrif;avNyD; rdbwdkYudk tarh om;rsm;u ]]rdbwdkYu igwdkYudk jyefvnfí jyKpkvkyfauR;Muvdrhfrnf? auR;arG;apmihfa&SmufcJhonf? a<u;rsm;ay;qyfMuvdrhfrnf}} [k &nfrSef; xm;onfhtm;avsmfpGm ay;qyf&m\/ tarhom;rsm;onf (rdbwdkYudk) tarhudk&Sdcdk; ylaZmfuefawmh jcif;jzihv f nf;aumif;? &SmazGvyk u f ikd í f auR;arG;jcif;? xrif;-[if; tazsmf ,rumwdkYudk wdkufauR;jcif;? tdyf&mae&mwdkYudk jyKvkyfay;jcif; tarT; eHYomvdrf;usHay;jcif;? a&yla&at; vdk&mwdkufay;jcif;? a&csKd;ay;jcif;? ajcaq;ay;jcif;ponfjzihf tarha<u; avmuDe,fy,ftm;jzihf ay;qyf &ef jzpfonf/ þodkYavmuDenf;tm;jzihf tarha<u; (tazha<u;) ay;qyfyg vQifvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf auseyftm;&awmfrlvsuf om"kac: awmfrlonf/ om0wd ¬ N rd K Uü (18) uk a #Opö m <u,f 0 aom ol a X;om; wpfa,mufonf rdbwdkYu wpfOD;wnf;aomom;jzpfí cspfcifjrwfEdk; jcif;udkcH,l&\/ wpfaeYwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;ausmif;awmfodkY oGm;a&muf NyD; jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;emMum;ae&ojzihf &[ef;0wfvdkum rdbwdkYxH cGihfawmif;onf/ rdbwdkYu cGihfrjyKvQif ckepf&ufvHk;vHk; tpmrpm;bJ aeav onf/ xdktcg rdbwdkYu wm;r&rSef;odojzihf aemufqHk;cGihfjyKvkduf& onf / rd b wd k Y \ cG i h f j yKcsuf & ojzih f aZw0ef a usmif ; od k Y o G m ;cg jrwfpGmbk&m;xHwGif &[ef;yÍÆif;jyKavonf/ &[ef;jzpfNyD; (5)0gwdkifwdkif 0denf;udk oif,al v\/ xdaYk emuf q&mxHrS 0dyóemur®|mef;udk oif,l NyD;vQif tpGeftzsm;usaom &GmteD;wGif awm&aqmufwnf w&m; tm;xkwfav\/ xdkt&yfwGif (12)ESpfvHk;vHk; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvsuf pmrsuf E S m 19 ok d Y

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

&ifhrmwpfusdyf tEkig;&m aemifvm&Spfaomif;bk&m;aygif; oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) bk&m;avmif; tEkig;&m &ihfrmwpfusdyf[laompum;rSm Ak'¨ bmom0if jrefrmolawmfpifwdkYavmuü ajymqdk½dk;pum;jzpfcJhonfrSm MumayNyD/ odkYaomf ckdifrma&&maocsmaom usrf;*eftaxmuftxm; ESihfum; ajymqdk½dk;r&SdcJhMuyg/ xdkpum;udk zGihfqdkazmfjyygaom ygVdbmom aomwwåuu D sr;f tqdt k rdeu Yf u kd ;kd í? rH&k mG NrKd U ta&SUv,fww D u kd f usr;f jyK tausmf t*¾r[mr@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw b'´EÅuk@vq&m awmfbk&m;BuD;azmfjyaom tvkdawmftwdkif; a&;om;wifjyvdkygonf/ 'ok w å & m yÍö o wm? aAm"d o wå m orl [ awm {aw tEk u ú r map0? t0aoomemEk u ú r m/ (aowwåuD- 87) aAm"dowåm- bk&m;avmif;wdo Yk nf? orl[awm- taygif;tm; jzihf? 'okwå&m- wpfq,ftvGef&Sdukefaom? yÍöowm- ig;&mwdkYonf? a[mEÅ-d jzpfuek \ f / {aw- xdik g;&mwpfusyd af ombk&m;tavmif;wdo Yk nf? tEkuúrmap0- tpOftwkdif;jzpfukefyGihfukef\/ t0aoom- <uif;aombk&m;tavmif;wdo Yk nf? e- tEkurú mtpOftwkdif;rjzpfukef ryGihfukef/ þü ]]500}} [k qdkygaomfvnf;? rSwfom;vG,fap&ef tEk ]]500}} [k qdkonf/ t0aoom emEkuúrmudk ½Ií? aemifvm&Spfaomif; bk&m;avmif;[k qdkprSwfjyKMuukef\/ arawåa,sm Owåarm&marm? yaoaem aumoavmbdbl 'D C aomPd D p pPÐ p ? ok a bmawma',s jA[® a em/ emVm*d & D ygvd a va,sm? aAm"d o wå m £ar'o tEk u ú a re oarÁ m "d H ? ygyk P d ó EÅ d em*aw/ (aomwwåuD- 88)

(1) Owåarm- jrwfaom? t&darawåa,sm- t&darawå,s vnf;aumif;?

(2) &marm- &mrrif;vnf;aumif;?

(3) yaoaemaumoavm- yaoe'Daumovrif;vnf;aumif;?

(4) tbdbl- tbdblewfom;vnf;aumif;?

(5) 'DCaomPDp- 'DCaomPDtrnf&Sdaom tol&Sdefvnf; aumif;?

(6) puÐp- puÐykPÖm;vnf;aumif;/ (7) okabm- okbvkifvnf;aumif;?

(8) awma'a,sm- awma',strnf&adS om? jA[®aPmykPmÖ ; vnf;aumif;?

(9) emVm*D&d- emVm*D&dqifvnf;aumif;?

(10) ygvdava,sm- yvvnf;qifrif;vnf;aumif;? £wd- þodaYk om? 'o- wpfusyd u f ek af om? £araAm"dowåm&ifhrmaom þbk&m;avmif;wdkYonf? tem*aw- tem*wfurÇm rsm;vS pGmaom aemiftcgü? oarÁm"d H-t&[wår*fÓPf? oAÁnKwÓPfodkY? ygykPdóEÅd- a&mufawmfrlukefvwåHU/ þaomwwåuDusrf;vmt&? &ifhrmwpfusdyf[kajymqdkMujcif; jzpfonf/ ]]&ihfrmwpfusdyf? tEkig;&m? aemifvm&Spfaomif;? bk&m;aygif;}} [laompum;rSm Ak'¨bmom0ifolawmfpifwdkYEIwfusdK;í ajym½dk;tpOf&SdcJh aom pum;omjzpfygonf/ usrf;pum;tpOfr&Sdyg[k avmhvmod&Sd&yg onf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

oDwif;oHk;awmfrl\/ r,fawmf? crnf;awmfrsm;onf pD;yGm;rsm;usvmum Mumav Mumav qif;&JavavjzpfMuukef\/ tdrfrsm;yif a&mif;csvsuf tdk;rJh tdrfrJhb0odkYa&mufum awmif;pm;&avonf touft&G,frsm; BuD;&ifh NyD; olwpfyg; tdrfeH&HwGif uyfaeMu&onf/ xdktcsdefwGif om0wd¬NrdKU aZw0efausmif;awmfrS &[ef; wpfyg;onf olaX;om;&[ef;aeonfh ae&mausmif;awmfodkY a&mufvm \/ xdt k m*EÅK&[ef;tm; 0wfjyKNy;D vQif tusK;d taMumif;rsm; ar;avQmuf um pum;ajymav\/ xdktcg om0wd¬jynfrS rdrd\ rdbwdkY qif;&JoGm; MuaMumif; awmif;pm;&aMumif; tdrfyga&mif;&aMumif; ponfrsm;udk odojzihf olaX;om;&[ef;onf £a`Er´ aqmifEidk yf J idak v\/ olaX;om; &[ef;onf igonf (12)ESpfywfvHk; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaomfvnf; r*fzdkvf udrk &cJ?h igruRwx f u kd o f jl zpfvrd rfh nf/ ig&[ef;abmifü aeojzihf tb,f tusKd;&SdtHhenf;/ vlxGufí rdbwdkYudkvkyfauR;jcif;? tvSLay;jcif;? oDv aqmufwnfjcif;jyKaomf ewfjynfa&mufvrd t fh [ hH k Buu H m awm&ausmif; udk xdktm*EÅK&[ef;tm; vTJtyfí jyefavonf/ om0wd¬jynfrS reD;ra0;jzpfaom aZw0efausmif; taemuf t&yfwGif om0wd¬NrdKUESihf aZw0efausmif;awmfodkYoGm;aom vrf;qHkodkY a&mufvQif igonfr,fawmf? crnf;awmfwdkYudk Mum&SnfawGUjrif&vdrfh

rnf/ ,aeYrSpí igjrwfpGmbk&m;udk zl;jrif&ef cJ,Of;vdrhfrnf/ odkYjzpf í ,ckjrwfpGmbk&m;xH oGm;a&mufzl;arQmfvsuf w&m;emNyD;rS rdbwdkYxH oGm;rnf[k BuHpnfum aZw0efausmif;odkYoGm;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf y&dowftrsm;xJrS olaX;om; &[ef; taMumif; odjrifawmfrlojzihf rdbwdkY\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk csD;rGrf;vsuf &[ef;rsm;yif r,fawmfcrnf;awmfwu Ykd kd vkyaf uR;Ekid af Mumif;? (rmwkaygo uokwfudk)a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ olaX;om;&[ef;onf w&m;emaevsuf igonf vl0wfjzihf rdbwdkYudk vkyfauR;aumif;onf[kxifcJhonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onfum; &[ef;b0jzihfyif rdbwdkYudk vkyfauR;Ekdif? aus;Zl;qyfEkdif\[k a[mawmf rl\/ ,ckvrl xGub f J &[ef;b0jzihyf if rdbwdu Yk kd vkyaf uR;rnf[k BupH nf qHk;jzwfavonf/ xdkYaemufeHeufapmapmyif om0wd¬NrdKUwGif;0ifí ,m*kudk tvSLcHvsuf rdbwdkYtdrfodkYoGm;av\/ r,fawmf? crnf;awmfwdkYonf vnf; ,m*kxrif;udk cHMuNyD;vQif olwpfyg;wdkY\ tdrfeH&Hudk rSDaeMu\/ om;&[ef;onf teD;odkYoGm;avvQif txD;usefrJh olqif;&Jjzpfaeaom r,fawmf crnf;awmfwu Ykd jkd rifí pd;k &drBf u;D pGmjzihf oydwu f ykd u kd f acgif;idu k f pdkufjzihf ½dIufiifpGm idkaeawmhonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq

a&;om;jyKpka

aAm"dyu

THE BODHIPAK O THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORS by Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw,

TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) (6)aAm"d y u© d , w&m; 37- yg; ,cktcg bk&m;omoemü vljzpfusdK;eyfMuatmif orxç 0dyóemw&m;rsm;udk tm;xkwv f Mkd uukeaf omolwt Ykd m; rjzpfvQirf ae& xajrmufatmif xlaxmiftm;opf&maom aAm"dyu©d,w&m; 37- yg; wdkYudk tusOf;rQ jyqdkaytHh/ owdy|mefç or®y"Ü mefç £'dy¨ g'fç £a`Eç´ Adv k çf aAmZÑiçf r*¾i[ f l í tusOf;tm;jzihf 7- yg;&Sd\/ xdk 7-yg;wdkYonf]]aAm"da,m yau© b0gwd aAm"dyu©d,m}}[laom 0pew¬EiS t fh nD r*fÓPf\tyif;toif;wGiyf g0ifaom w&m;pkjzpfí aAm"dyu©d,rnfukef\/ aAm"d,m? r*fÓPf\/ yau©? tbdkYü/ 0g? tyif;toif;ü/ b0g? jzpfukefaomw&m;wdkYwnf;/ £wd? þodkYaomtaMumif;aMumihf? aAm"dyu©d,m? aAm"dyu©d, rnfukef\/ r*fÓPf\ y'|mefç r*fÓPf\ orÇm&ç r*fÓPf\ Oyedó, w&m;rsd K ; [l v d k o nf /

(7)owd y |mef 7-yg; xdk 7-yg;wdkYwGif owdy|mefqdkonfum;]]bkoH wd|wDwd y|meH? owd{0 y|meH owdy|meH}}/ bkoH? vGefpGm/ wd|wd? wnfwwf\/ £wd? þodkYaom taMumif;aMumihf/ y|meH? y|mernf\/ owd{0? owdonfyifvQif/ y|meH? vGefpGmwnfonfwnf;/ owdy|meH? owdonfyifvQif vGefpGm wnfonf/ (vGepf mG wnfaom owdç cdik Nf rpJ mG wnfaomowd[k qdv k o kd nf/) xdkowdy|mefonf1/ um,mEkyóem owdy|mef?

2/ a0'emEkyóem owdy|mef?

(Continue from last week) Chapter I The Bodhipakkhiya Dhammas I shall now concisely show the thirty-seven bodhipakkhiya dhammas, which are dhammas which should be attempted with energy and determination by those persons wishing to practise samatha (Calm) and vipassana (Insight), and thus make the rare opportunity of rebirth as a human being within the present Buddha Sa-sana worthwhile.

Briefly, the bodhipakkhiya dhammas consist of seven kinds, namely, 1. Satipat.t.ha-na 2. Sammappadha-na 3. Iddhipa-da 4. Indriya 5. Bala .

6. Bojjhanga .

7. Magganga According to the definition "Bodhiya- pakkhe bhava-ti bodhipakkhiya-", these dhammas are called bodhipakkhiya, because they form part of, or they are associates of magga-n-a-na (Knowledge of the Holy Paths). They are dhammas that are the padat.t.ha-na(Proximate cause), sambha-ra (Requisite ingredients) and upanissaya (Basis or sufficing condition) of magga-n-a-na (Knowledge of the Holy Paths).

Chapter II The Four Satipat.t.ha-nas The definition of satipat.t.ha-na is___ '' Bhusam. tit.t.hati ti pat.t.ha-nam.; sati eva pat.t.ha-nam. satipat.t.hanam.''

It means mindfulness or heedfulness which is firmly established.

There are four satipat.t.ha-nas (Application of Mindfulness). They are:

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

awmfrlaom

u©, d 'DyeD

KKHIYA DIPANI R S LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENT y Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service.

3/ pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef?

4/ "r®mEkyóem owdy|mef? [lí av;yg;tjym;&Sd\/ xdkav;yg;wdkYwGif1/ 0ifoufç xGufouf tp&Sdaom ½lyum,ü ckdifNrJpGmwnf aom owdonf um,mEkyóemowdy|mefrnf\/ 2/ a0'emw&m;wdkYü ckdifNrJpGmwnfaomowdonf a0'em Ekyóem owdy|mefrnf\/ 3/ o&m*pdwfç 0Dw&m*pdwf tp&Sdaom pdwftjym;ü ckdifNrJpGm wnfaom owdonf pdwåmEkyóemowdy|mefrnf\/ 4/ eD0&Ptp&Sdaom "r®wdkYü cdkifNrJpGmwnfaomowdonf "r®mEkyóemowdy|mefrnf\/ xdak v;yg;wdw Yk iG f xGuo f ufç 0ifouf[al om tómo yóm o um,wpfckü ckdifNrJpGmwnfvQifyif tvHk;pHküwnfonfyifrnf\/ tb,fhaMumifhenf;qdkaomf xm;vdk&mtm½Hkü wnfEdkifaomtpGrf;&Sdav aomaMumifhwnf;/ ckdkifNrJpGmwnfrIqdkonfum; xGufoufç 0ifxGufü pdwfudk wpfem&Dxm;vdkvQif wpfem&Dyif ckdifNrJpGmwnfae\/ 2-em&Dxm; vdkvQif 2-em&Dyif ckdifNrJpGmwnfae\/ pdwf0dwufrNidrfvSí tm½Hkudk vTwfypf&onfr&Sdqdkvdkonf/ (owdy|mef 4-yg;vH;k \ tus,u f rkd u l m; r[mowdy|meokwrf mS ,lav/) tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh xGufoufç 0ifouftp&SdonfwdkYü pdwçf owdcidk Nf rpJ mG wnfru I rkd jzpfvQif rae&? xajrmufatmiftm;xkw&f avoenf; [lru l m;- terw*¾oo H &mü AvAGm vGiyfh g;aygufvw T o f mG ; íaeaom 0dnmOf 6-yg; pdwt f oGm;wdYk csKyx f ed ;f ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;iSm tm;xkwf &avownf;/ xif&Sm;apOD;tHh- pdwfrnfonf 6- 'Gm&wdkY\ Oypmü tm½Hk 6- yg;odkY ajy;oGm;vGihfyg;jcif; tavh&Sd\/ Oyrmum;- pdwfudktpdk;r& aom ol½l;ç olESrf;onf&Sd\/ xrif;pm;csdefrSef;yif rod? a&mufrda&muf

Ka-ya-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na, Vedana-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na, Citta-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na, and Dhamma-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na.

1. Ka-yanupassana--satipat.t.ha-na means mindfulness which is firmly established on physical phenomena, such as on the exhaled breath and the inhaled breath.

2. Vedana-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na means mindfulness which is firmly established on sensations.

3. Citta-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na means mindfulness which is firmly established on thoughts or mental processes, such as thoughts associated with the passions or dissociated form the passions.

4. Dhamma-nupassana--satipat.t.ha-na means mindfulness which if firmly established on phenomena such as n1varan.as (Hindrances). etc.

Of the four, if mindfulness or attention is firmly established on a part of the body, such as on out-breath and in-breath it is tantamount to attention being firmly established on all things.

This is because the ability to place one's attention on any object at one's will have been acquried.

"Firmly established" means, if one desires to place the attention on out-breath and in-breath for an hour, one's attention remains firmly fixed on it for that period. If one wishes to do so for two hours, one's attention remains firmly fixed on it for two hours.

There is no occasion when the attention becomes released from its object on account of the instablity of thought- conception (vitakka).

(For a detailed account of the satipat.t.ha-na, see the Mahasatipat.t.ha-na-Sutta) Why is it incumbent on us to firmly establish the mind without fail on any object such as the out-breath and the inbreath? It is because it is necessary for us to gather and control the six viñña-nas, which have been drifting tempestuiously and untrained throughout the past inconceivably long the 1.

2.

3.

4.

DHAMMA TALK

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

&m oGm;vmíae\/ rdbjzpfolwdkYu ol&Sd&mudkoGm;í xrif;ay;\/ 5-vky?f 6-vkyrf sKd rv d Qif xrif;yGu J dk oGeaf rSmufí xoGm;\/ xrif;0atmif pm;&onfr&Sd? þrQavmuf pdwfudktpdk;r& &Sdae\/ xrif;pm;rIwck Ny;D pD;½Hrk Qyif pdwu f t kd pd;k r&? pum;ajymqd&k mü pum;0guswpfck acsmarm ½HkrQ pdwfudktpdk;r&? tpwjcm;ç tv,fwjcm;ç tqHk;wjcm;ç uawmuf uwuf pum;omjzpf\/ xrif;pm;½HkrQç pum;0guswpfckNyD;pD;½HkrQudkrS pdwfudktpdk;r&aom ol½l;onf avmuü b,fudpöwckrS toHk;usawmh rnfenf;/ b,fupd w ö ckukd ae&musatmif vkyaf qmifEikd af wmhrnfenf;/ avmuü vl&mroGif;&NyD? aygufvTwfypfxm;&awmhonf/ q&maumif; aq;0g;aumif;ESifhawGUí BudK;csnfxdwfcwf tMuyftwnf;jyKí ukorIudkjyKrS xdkt½l;emaysmufNidrf;í pdwfudktpdk;& ojzihf trsm;eJYwl vlaumif; olaumif; yuwdjzpfav\/ xrif;pm;rIü vnf; pdwfudktpdk;&\/ tqHk;wkdif pm;&\/ xrif;pm;rIudk trsm;enf;wl Ny;D pD;atmif jyKEikd \ f / cyford ;f aom trIwüYkd vnf; pdwu f t kd pd;k &\/ trsm; enf;wl Ny;D pD;atmif jyKEikd \ f / pum;0gusuv kd nf; trsm;enf;wl acsmarm atmif ajymqdkEdkif\/ þum; Oyrmwnf;/ pd w f w nf N id r f r I e nf ; yH k avmuü pdwfudk tpdk;r&aom ol½l;r[kwfMu/ pdwfudktpdk;& Muaom yuwdvlaumif;ç olaumif;jzpfolonfvnf; orxt&mç 0dyóemt&mwdkYü pdwfudktpdk;r&Muaom ol½l;awGcsnf;jzpfMuukef\/ xdo k ½l ;l onf xrif;pm;rIukd jyKrnf[k OD;wnfygvsuf pdwu f t kd pd;k r&onhf twGuf xrif;pm;rINy;D pD;atmif wnfNird cf iG rhf &bJ 5-vky?f 6-vkypf m;rdvQif xrif;yGJudk oGefarSmufí xoGm;ouJhodkY þowå0gonfvnf; bk&m;udk &Sdckd;rnfç bk&m;*kPfudk MunfndKaomtvkyfudk igvkyfOD;rnf[k OD;wnfyg vsuf pdwfudktpdk;r&MuonhftwGuf ]£wdyd aom} wyk'fqHk;onfwdkif atmif bk&m;*kPfawmfwdkYü pdwfudk wnfNidrfpGmaeatmif tpdk;r&Mu? bk&m;udkvTwfí xdkxdktm½Hkwyg;odkY tcgrsm;pGm xGufoGm;vTihfyg;vsuf &SdMuukef\/ acG ; ½l ; Oyrm acG;½l;jyefaomolonf ylqmrGwfodyfvSí a&&Sd&modkYajy;av &m tvGefat;jrvSpGmaoma&udkjrifvQif a&tdkifwGif;odkY rqif;0Hh? a&udk yif rjrif0HhyJ a&SmifvTJíajy;&jyefouJhodkYvnf;aumif;ç olemBuD;onf tvGeaf umif;rGecf sKd Nred af omt&omESijfh ynhpf akH om 0rf;wGi;f odaYk &mufvQif temudk aysmufNidrf;apEdkifaom "mwfpmtm[m&udk auR;ygaomfvnf; olYvQmESix fh cd v hJ Qif tcg;yuwdjzpfaví oufoufrsKd írjzpf axG;tefí csnf; ypf&ouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? bk&m;*kPfawmfodkY xda&mufatmif rcsOf;EdkifMu? ouf0ifMunfndK rsdKír&EdkifMuavukef? wjcm;wyg;odkY pdwfxGufíoGm;wkdif; tqdkt&GwfysufcJhonfaomfvnf;aumif;? tqdk t&Gwfysufwkdif;ysufwkdif; jyefíjyefí&GwfqdkcJhonf&Sdaomfvnf;aumif;? w&uf? wpfv? wpfESpf- &Sdcdk;aomfvnf; £wdydaom wyk'ftqHk;odkY a&mufEdkifrnfr[kwf/ pdwfuyif wyg;odkYxGufoGm;aomfvnf; EIwfwuf &G&G ausnufvSaomaMumihfom tqHk;odkYa&mufEdkifMuukefawmhonf/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

beginningless sam.sa-ra (round of rebirths) I shall make it clearer. The mind is wont to flit about from one to another of the six objects of the senses which lie at the approaches of the six sense-doors.

As an example, take the case of a mad man who has no control over his mind. He does not even know the meal-time, and wanders about aimlessly from place to place. His parents look for him and give him his meal. After eating five or six morsels of food, he overturns the dish and walks away. He thus fails to get a square meal. To this extent, he has lost control of his mind. He cannot control his mind even to the extent of finishing the business of a meal. In talking, he cannot control his mind to the extent of finishing or completing a sentence. The beginning, the middle, and the end do not agree with one another. His talk has no meaning. He cannot be of use in any undertaking in this world. He is unable to perform any task. Such a person can no longer be classed as a human being, and he has to be ignored.

This mad man becomes a sane and normal person again, if he meets a good doctor, and the doctor applies such stringent methods of cure as tying him up and putting him in chains. Thus cured, he obtains control of his mind in the matter of taking his meals, and can now eat his eat his fill. He has control over his mind in all other matters as well. He can perform his tasks till they are completed, just like others. he can also complete his sentences. This is the example.

In this world, persons who are not insane, but who are normal and have control over their minds, resemble such a mad person having no control over his mind, when it comes to the matter of samatha and vipassana-. Just as the mad man upsets the food dish and walks away after five or six morsels of food although he attempts to eat his meal, these normally sane persons find their attention wandering because they have no control over their minds. Whenever they pay respects to the Buddha and contemplate His noble qualities, they do not succeed in keeping their minds fixed on those noble qualities, but find their attention being diverted many times on to other objects of thought, and thus they fail to reach the end of even the "Itipiso..." verse.

It is as if a man suffering from hydrophobia who seeks water feverishly with parched lips, yet runs away from it with fear when he sees a lake of cool refreshing water. It is also like a diseased man who when given a diet of relishing food replete with medicinal qualities, finds the food bitter to his taste and unable to swallow it, is obliged to spit and vomit it out. In just the same way, these persons find themselves unable to approach the contemplation of the noble qualities of the Buddha effectively, and cannot keep on dwelling on them.

If in reciting the "Itipiso" verse, their recitation is interrupted every time their minds wander, and if they have to start afresh from the beginning every time such an interruption occurs, they will never reach the end of the verse even though they keep on reciting a whole day, or a whole month, or a whole year.

At present they manage to reach the end because they can keep on reciting from memory even though their minds wander elsewhere.

(To be continue)

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

23

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) 6/ tBud K uf r S o nf taMumuf q D o d k Y a,m*Donf.... ½IuGufac: cE¨mwGif;rS ysufjcif;rvS ysufusaeonfudkcsnf; tcsdefjynhf ½IMunhfcGihf&aeawmh&m... udk,fcE¨mudkyif rMunhf&Javmufatmif aMumuf&GHUvm\/ tm½HkcHpm;&rnfrsm;udkvnf; aMumuf&GHUvm\/ rnfonfh tm½HkcHpm; cHpm;tzsuftqD; cHae&ygonfudk twyfyif jrifawGUae&aomaMumihf.... ¤if;udk usrf;xGufpum;u b,ÓPfqdk\/ vuf&Sdb0\ tysufab;qdk;BuD;udk jrifawGUae&jcif;aMumihf... xdkÓPftqihfudk a&muf&Sdaeaom a,m*Donf... aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif ysufpD;aeMuaom ½kyfysuf emrfysufpkwdkYtMum; jzpfpOfc&D;&SnfBuD; oGm;vmae&&m &efol\ tMum; oHkYyef;xrif;pm;enf;yrm cHpm;ae&yg\/ þrSaxmufí aemifaemif &&SdOD;rnfh b0rsm;onfvnf; - "mwf½kyfac: blw½kyfjzihf wnfaqmufxm;aom b0rsKd;jzpf ap?

- tpGJ½kyfac: Oyg'g½kyfjzihf wnfaqmufxm;aom b0rsKd; jzpfap/ - b0aumif;ac: vl ewf jA[®mwdkY\ b0rsKd;jzpfap?

- b0qdk;ac: i&J? wd&pämef Nydwåm tol&um,f b0rsKd;jzpfap ½kyfysufemrfysufwdkYuom BuD;pdk;aeOD;rnfh t&mrsKd;csnf;rQom jzpf&m b0oHMum; em;ESpfzuf ydwfvkrwwftxd aMumufrdk;BuD;apGae acsawmh\/ þrSmyifaxmufí NyD;cJhonhf b0tzHkzHk trsKd;pHkwdkYüvnf; - Owk\ zsufqD;rIaMumihf ½kyfysufemrfysufjzpfcJh&aom b0aygif;?

- uHpdwfwdkY\ wGJzufzsufqD;rIaMumihf ysufpD;cJh&aom b0 aygif;?

- tm[m&ESifh tm½Hw k \ Ykd wdu k zf surf w I aYkd Mumihf ysupf ;D cJ&h aom b0aygif; þzsufqD;rI oHk;av;rsKd; wpfrsKd;wpfrsKd; xdk;usihfrI twdkif; ysufpD;cJh&ygonfudkvnf;... trl;ajyvmaom xef;&nfrl;orm;\ aemifwyrm... aemuf jyefawG;vsuu f aMumufab;Bu;D ajy;jrifaeacsawmh\/

þb*FÓPf b,ÓPfESpfyg;wdkYwGif....

- tcsKdUum; tysufjrifí b0tay: NiD;aiGUpdwf 0ifvm wwf\/ - tcsKdUum; aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYpdwf0ifí b0tay: NiD;aiGU pdwf 0ifvmwwf\/ ESpfyg;pHkjrifvsufu ÓPftqihfwufonf[lí r&Sdpzl;acs/ aMumuf v Qif x G u f quf r aeeJ Y qd k j yef a wmh v nf ; xdkodkYyif tysufab;jrif aMumufpdwfBuD;0ifaeygaomfvnf; rSwftm; t&Sdef jyif;xefaeonfu wpfaMumif;? ocFg&Zmwf\ t&Sdef[yfrIaMumihf rjywfvnfywfaeonfu wpfaMumif;? þtaMumif;SEpfcsufaMumihf cGmxGufívnf; r&acsNyD/ þÓPftqihfrsm;ü... ½Ivu kd w f ikd ;f tysucf sn;f om qufae&um; oP²meferd w d v f nf; uif;aysmufaeacsNyD/ ½kyfemrfwdkYonf tay:ESihftaysmuf awmufavQmufjzpfae& um; b,fodkY0ifí b,fvdkxGufoGm;onf[k twwfrod&awmhNyD/ 0ifonfxGufonfwdkYum; rSwfaeusjzpfí rSwfaejcif;rQom yrmtm;jzihf... i½kwfoD;pm;&m\ pyfyHkrsKd;r[kwfrlí i½kwf&nfxdí ylaeyHkrsKd; omjzpf\/ i½kwfylxd&mü b,fae&mrSm b,fvkdyg[lí rod&acs/ rxif&Sm;í wdk;rSwf oP²mefedrdwfu ydkíyif rxifvm/ cGmr&í wdk;rSwf tysufrStysuf pdyfípdyfíyif ysufjyvm\/ udk,fhudkudk,f cifrifolwdkY þtqihf0,f udk,ftaumifBuD; aysmufqHk;ae&um; t½kyfESihf upm;avh&Sdaom uav; upm;aeus t½kyfuav; aysmufqHk;aeonfhyrmom... þtqihfü ½Izefrsm;vmaomf ysif;ajcmufajcmuf aygY[m[m ponhf r½IrrSwfvdkaom a0'emrsm; ay:vmwwfao;\/ ig0D&d,rsm; enf;vdkYavvm;... þokdYaom oHo,pdwftawG;rsm;vnf; 0ifvmwwfao;\/ toHonf qdkYeifhaMuuGJoHygae\/ [efonf nd§K;i,faom toGifudk aqmifae\/ ao'PftcscHxm;&olESihf trlt&mrxl;NyD/ þÓPftqihfü aMumufjcif;onf a'goaMumifh r[kwf? oH a 0*xd w f v ef Y j cif ; rQom? tu,f w d w d r½I r S w f & J a vmuf a tmif aMumuf&GHUoGm;ygaomfum; b,tppfr[kwf? a'goodkY toGifoGm;NyD/ þÓPfü wPSmruyfomNyD/ tBudKuf\ qefYusifbufjzpf

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

24

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

aom taMumufw&m;u BuD;pdk;aeaomaMumihf/ 7/ b,f a omumvrQ rqH k q nf ; &ygvd k \ tysufonf NiD;aiGUjcif;udk pdefac:aeygonf/ tysufonf tjzpfudk o,faqmifvmonfh &xm;wpfpif;? ½IuGufwGif;&Sd tysufudk ½IMunhfvsufu aMumufpdwf0ifaeaom a,m*D onf xdwfvefYrI oHa0* rnfrQyif&ap taMumif;rodí aygif;rdrSm;aom vifa,musfm;onf azmuf jym;aeaom r,m;tm; uGm&Sif;vdkaomfvnf; w&m;vrf;aMumif;t& uGm&Sif;Ekdifavmufaom taxmuftxm; vufyl;vufMuyfrawGU&ao; um; acgif;cgZGwfrSdwf BudwfrSdwf aygif;ae&onfhyrm... rukefcrf;Ekdifaom xdktysufudkMunhf NiD;aiGUpdwfwdkYuom jyif;xefpGmzdae\/ rukecf rf;Ekid af om xdt k ysuu f Mkd unhf rcsad ompdww f u Ydk zdvsuf uom qufqHae&&Sm\/ ½Iuu G w f iG ;f &SD ½kyyf suf emrfysuw f u Ykd vnf; t&GUJ wdu k o f ef aom r,m;ysuftvm; wkd;íwdk;íyif ysufjyaeacs\/ xdk½kyfysufemrfysufrsm;onf... ÓPfrsufpda&SU jrifawGUae&aom tysufrsm;csnf; jzpfaeMu í rMunhfcsif jrifcsifvsufom; &Sdaeacs&m NiD;aiGUpdwfrsm;vnf; wdk;í wdk;íyif 0ifvmap\/ onf½kyfqufí 'D½kyfysufjzpfay:aeonf/ onfemrfpGufívnf; 'Demrfysuf jzpfay:aeonf/ þodkYvQif ½kyfemrfwdkY\ tjypfrsm;udk wdk;í wdk;í xifvmap \/ vl w pf O D ; vQif tqd k ; ES i h f t aumif ; taMumif ; ES p f c k avmuwGi;f &SD vlwpfO;D pDwpfO;D pDwüYkd taumif;ESifh tqd;k [lí taMumif;cHtusKD;quf ESpfrsKd;pD zufaeMuay&m....

Munhfolonfum;... rd r d Bud K uf p G J p G J a epOf w k e f ; u wPS m rsuf v H k ; \ nd § K Utm; rsm;aMumihf tqdk;udkzHk;? taumif;vHk;vHk;csnf; a&G;,lMunhfavh&Sd\/ rdrt d BuKd urf usaom umvwGiu f m; a'gorsuv f ;kH \ ndK§ Utm; rsm;jzihfyif taumif;udkzHk;? tqdk;vHk;vHk;csnf;udkom jrifawGUaewwf\/ xdktBudKufruscsdef\ rkef;pdwf0if tjypfjrifaepOf wpfzufu rnfrQaumif;aeap taumif;[lí rjrifawmhNyD/ tBudKufuscsdef\ cspfpdwf0if tjypfrjrifpOfüvnf;... wpfzufu rnfrQrSm;,Gif;aeap tqdk;[lírjrifwwf. þum;....jzpfysufaeus avmuobm0/ þÓPftqihfüvnf;.... xdkenf;wlpGmomyif/ rnfrQaumif;rGev f yS aom tqihu f kd jrifciG &fh aeap tysujf rif um tjypfjrif NiD;aiGUpdwfrsm; 0ifaeygonf/ rnfrQ om,mzG,ftoHudk Mum;cGihf&aeap tysufudkcsnf; jrifaeum tjypfjrifNiD;aiGUpdwfrsm;uom 0ifaeMuygonf/ onfhtwl...rnfrQaumif;rGefaom teHY t&om tawGU txdwdkYESihf wdk;rdap rowDp&m &GHrkef;p&m 'ku©a&mufp&m toGiftjyif rsm;udkcsnf; cHpm;ae&ygonf/ þÓPfudk usrf;xGufpum;u tm"De0ÓPfqdk\/ tqdk;jrif 0g'jzihf tjypfjrifvsufu NiD;aiGUpdwf xdyfwufaeonfh tqihfyifjzpf\/

tysufwdkYBuD;pdk;aom þvdkae&mrsKd;ü...

-rnfolonf wPSmpdwfjzihf cifrifygtHhenf;?

-rnfolonf rmepdwfjzihf wuf<uEkdifygtHhenf;?

-rnfolonf igY[migY[m[lí odrf;ydkufvdkygtHhenf;?

8/ tysuf a b; wqd w f u av;rQ rat;&NyD tzsufESihfaygif;...NiD;aiGUpdwftaxmif; cH&tHh? tjypfusESihf ckd;awGU....NiD;aiGUpdwf ESdyfpufcH&tHh? ½kyfysufemrfysufwdkYtay: ½Iodvsufu b0\ tjypfudk jrifawGUvmaom a,m*Dü vufcHodrf;ydkufxm;&aom b0\ jzpfpOf BuD;tay: NiD;aiGUpdwfrsm; vSdrfhívSdrfhí 0ifvmaeawmh\/ u/ awGUrSrawGU&ao; ysufoGm;MuNyD/ rdrdrSmom tawG;jypf tpGJjypfrsm; &pfusefaecJhygonf/ c/ ajymírSrqHk;ao; ysufusoGm;MuNyD/ rdrdrSmom BudKufpGJrBudKufpGJ rodpGJrsm; 0Jusefae&pfcJhygonf/ */ vkyfírS rNyD;ao; twGJvdkuf ysufusoGm;MuNyD/ rdrdrSmom raumif;usihf aumif;usihfrsm; eihfusef&pfcJhygonf/ yGjJ yESiyfh o JG rd ;f um; rwdr;f r,dr;f om/ þÓPftqihfodkY toihf0ifvmcJhNyD;aom a,m*DtzdkY... tvkyfMurf;ESihf axmifusaeaom tjypf&orm;yrm... bmvkyfvkyf wufpdwfESihf &Tifpdwfrsm; vHk;0uif;qdwfaeNyD/ b0qdkaom xdkpum; vHk;0rMum;vdkNyD/ b0ESihfywfoufí.. puúefYwpfcsufpmav;rQ a&SUwdk;&rnfudk 0efav;aeygonf/ wpfxdkif wpfem&DrQ a&SUquf&rnfudk aMumuf&GHUaeygonf/ wwfEkdifvQif rSwfvufpae&muyif jzwfcsvdkygonf/ ausvnf; rauseyf? xGufuvnf; rxGufom/ þae&mrsKd;avmuf NiD;aiGUp&mraumif;aom ae&m b,frSm rSr&SdNyD/ xdkÓPfudk usrf;xGufpum; edAÁd'gÓPfqdk\/ oHa0*wdkYjzihf NiD;aiGUvsuf&Sdaeaom ae&mwnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

opö m av;yg;ud k od a wmf r l a om ÓPf a wmf ( 4)yg;? y#dordÇ'gÓPfawmf(4)yg;? tom"m&PÓPfawmf(6)yg;? aygif;(14)yg; jzpfygonf/ pk ' ´ o Ak ' ¨ Ó Pmed (1) 'kau©ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (2) 'ku©ork'a,ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (3) 'ku©eda&ma"ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (4) 'ku©eda&m"*grded,m y#dy'g,ÓPH Aka'¨ÓPH (5) tw¬y#dordÇa'ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (6) "r®y#dordÇa'ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (7) ed½kwdåy#dordÇa'ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (8) y#dbme y#dordÇa'ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (9) £`E´d, ya&my&d,wåÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH (10) owåmeH tmo,m Ekoa,ÓPH Ak'¨HÓPH (11) ,ru yg#d[Da&ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH

COVER SPECIAL FEATURS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ (12) (13) (14)

r[mu½kPm ormywdå,m ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH oAÁnKwÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH tem0&P ÓPH Ak'¨ÓPH £rmedpk'´o Ak'¨ÓPmed/ (y#dordÇ'gr*¾? ygVdawmf 127? 128) pk'´o-wpfq,hfav;yg;ukefaom? Ak'¨ÓPmed-oAÁnKjrwfpGm bk&m;\ ÓPfawmfwdkYonf? ordÅ-xif&Sm;raoG &Sdygayukef\/ wmedxdkxif&Sm;&Sdaom ÓPfawmf(14)yg;wdkYonf? uwrmed-tb,fwdkYenf; [lrl (1) 'kau©- bHkoHk;yg;üjzpfaom ½kyfemrfw&m;[kqdktyfaom 'ku© opömü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-'ku©y#da0"ÓPfonf Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnK jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/ (2) 'ku©ork'a,-'ku©\jzpfaMumif;jzpfaom NiduyfwG,fwm wPSmwnf;[laom ork',opömü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-'ku©ork' ,y#da0"ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygay wnf;/ (3) 'ku©eda&ma"-wPSm\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumihf 'ku©\csKyfNidrf;&m edAÁmefwnf;[laom eda&m"opömü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-'ku©eda&m" y#da0"ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygay wnf;/ (4) 'ku©eda&m"*grded,m-'ku©\ tNyD;owfcsKyfNidrf;&m r[medAÁmef odaYk &mufaMumif;jzpfaom? y#dy'g,-r*¾i&f pS jf zm odum© oH;k &yftusijfh rwf ü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-'ku©eda&m"*grded y#dy'gÓPf[kqdktyfaom? r*¾opö-y#da0"ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmf ygaywnf;/ (5) tw¬y#dordaÇ '-tw¬tjym;ig;yg;wdu Yk kd cGjJ cm;a0zefjcif;ü? y0wåH jzpfaom? ÓPH-ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPHH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmf ygaywnf;/ (6) "r®y#dordÇa'-"r®tjym;ig;yg;wdkYudk cGJjcm;a0zefjcif;ü? y0wåHjzpfaom? ÓPH-ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPf awmfygaywnf;/ (7) ed½kwdåy#dordÇa'-tw¬0gpu "r®0gpu o'´gwdkYudk cGJjcm;a0zef jcif;ü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m; \ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/ (8) y#dbme y#dordaÇ '-tw¬"r®e½d w k yåd #dord'Ç gÓPfo;kH yg;udk cGjJ cm; a0zefjcif;ü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGm bk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/ (9) £`E´d, ya&my&d,wåÓPH-owå0gwdkY\ £a`E´tEkt&ihfudk odaomÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygay wnf;/ (10) owåmeH-owå0gwdkY\? tmo,mEkoa,-tmo,m Eko, "mwfü (0g) tvdktZÑmo, udavom tEko,ü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-ÓPfonf? Ak'Ó ¨ PH-oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/ (11) ,ruyg#d[Da&-a&rD;tpHktpHk? wefcdk;jym#d[mudkjyjcif;ü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPH-ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/ (12) r[mu½kPm ormywdå,m-uRwfxdkufool ewfvljA[®mwdkY udk Munhf½Iawmfrl&m r[mu½kPmormywfü? y0wåH-jzpfaom? ÓPHÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/

25

(13) oAÁnKwÓPH- tvH;k pHak om aO,s"w H &m;ig;yg;wdu Yk kd odaom ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygaywnf;/ (14) tem0&PÓPH-xdkxdktm½Hkudk od&mü tydwftyif twm; tqD;r&Sdaom ÓPfonf? (0g) tqD;twm;r&Sdatmif ulnDaxmufyHh ay;aom ÓPfonf? Ak'¨ÓPH-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfygay wnf;/ pk'´o-wpfq,fhav;yg;ukefaom? Ak'¨ÓPed-oAÁnKjrwfpGm bk&m;\ ÓPfawmfwdkYonf? £rmed-o½kyfowfrSwfjyqdktyfaom þÓPfwdkYygaywnf;/ pmud k ; (1) okwåEÅdyd#u ck'´uefdum, y#dordÇ'gr*¾ygVdawmf/ (2) rH&k mG NrKd U? ta&SUv,fww D u kd ?f y"meem,uq&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D t*¾r[my@dw b'´EÅuk@vjyKpkawmfrlaom r[mokw'DyeDusrf; (ywrwG)J Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

pdwfZGJ&nfoef ukodkvfrSef ajr§mufyihfESdrfcs? BuHKorQjzihf qHk&aumif;qdk;? ESpfwefrsdK;aMumihf qdk;usdK;a0zef? 0ef;usif'Pfudk wif;cHpdwf&if;? ESvHk;oGif;í aerif;xefjyif;? yl&Sdefjyif;vnf; pdwfwGif;at;jr? raESmvScJh rdk;usonhfcg? avjyif;vmvnf; pOfvmtNrJ? qGrf;avmif;pJrdkY &ifxJyDwd? *Grf;qDxda0 todawGyGm;? 'gersm;udk pdwfxm;jzLpGm? pkaygif;cgESihf o'¨gwljcif;? rQa0jcif;jzihf 0gwGif;0gy? avmif;vSLMuum b,mab;rsdK;? aqmif;ESif;rdk;yGihf aumif;qdkwzef? Owk'Pfvnf; cEÅDpdwf&if;? tm;rmefoGif;í &ifwGif;&Tifjy? qGrf;'gejzihf vSLMua0qm? NrdKifqdkifumESihf csdefcgryrf;? wpfeyfqGrf;udk vSL'gef;ylaZmf? om"kac:í rEGrf;&Tifpdwf? edAÁL&dyfodkY wufvSrf;EdkifMuygapaomf0f/ / a&T j ynf o mrS ]Ak ' ¨ * k P f a &mif q G r f ; tusd K ;aqmif t zG J U } od k Y *kPfjyKa&;zGJUYygonf/ {'if - 0if ; vG i f

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS &av&m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpöudk) rsm;pGmjyKtyfonfjzpf&m\} [k tBuHjzpfyg\ t&Sifbk&m;/ tuREfkyfonf þodkYvQif r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;yg\}} [k avQmuf\/ (2) aemufxyf&[ef;wpfyg;uvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;tm;? ¤if; r&P ówdukd yGm;rsm;ygaMumif; avQmufxm;vmí? r&Pówdukd tb,foYkd yGm;rsm;oenf;[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u ar;awmfrl\/ ]]t&Sijf rwfpmG bk&m;? tuREykf t f m; ]igonf aeY0ufrQtouf&iS f ygrl aumif;avpGmh/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &m\/ ih g tm; pif p pf (&[ef ; ud p ö u d k ) rsm;pG m jyKtyf o nf j zpf & m\} [k tBuHjzpfyg\/ þodkYvQif r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;yg\}} [k avQmufxm; av\/ (3) &[ef;wpfyg;uvnf; qGrf;wpfxyfpm;csdeftwGif; touf&Sif ygrl aumif;avpGm/h jrwfpmG bk&m; tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpöudk) rsm;pGmjyKtyf&m\[k tBuHjzpfyg\/ þodkYvQif r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;yg\[k avQmufav\/ (4) &[ef ; wpf y g;uvnf ; qG r f ; wpf x yf p m;csd e f \ xuf 0 uf r Q touf&iS yf grl aumif;avpGmh/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &av&m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpöudk) rsm;pGmjyKtyf&m\[k tBuH jzpfyg\/ þuJhodkY r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;yg\[k avQmuf\/ (5) &[ef;wpfyg;uvnf; qGrf;av;vkwfig;vkwfudk 0g;rsdKaecsdef twGif; touf&Sif&ygrl aumif;avpGmh[kvnf;aumif;- (6) &[ef;wpfyg;uvnf; qGrf;wpfvkwfudk 0g;rsdKaecsdeftwGif; touf&Sif&ygrl aumif;avpGmh[kvnf;aumif;- (7) &[ef ; wpf y g;uvnf ; 0if o uf ½ I í xG u f o uf x k w f c sd e f ? xGufoufxkwfí 0ifouf½IcsdeftwGif; touff&Sifygrl aumif;avpGmh/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &av&m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpu ö )kd rsm;pGmjyKtyf&m\[k tBujH zpfyg\/ þodv Yk Qif r&Pówdukd yGm;rsm;yg\[k avQmufxm;avonf/ (8) &[ef;wdkYu þodkYavQmufxm;vwfaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdk&[ef;wdkYtm; þodkYrdefYqdka[mMum;awmfrl\/ ]]&[ef;wdkY (txufazmfjyyg) tMuif&[ef;ajcmufyg;wdkYudk arharhavsmhavsmhaeukef\[lívnf;aumif;? tmoa0gw&m; ukefcrf; &ef EkeaYf ES;pGm r&Pówdukd yGmr;sm;uke\ f [lívnf;aumif; qdt k yfuek f \/}} ]]&[ef;wdkY tMuif&[ef;onfum; ]igonfqGrf;wpfvkwf0g;rsdK aecsdeftwGif;rQtouf&Siyf grl aumif;avpGm/h jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k tr awmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &av&m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpörsm;udk) rsm;pGm jyKtyfonfjzpf&m\}} [k þodkY r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;\/ ]]tMuif&[ef;onfvnf; ]igonf 0ifouf½í I xGuo f ufxw k f ½H?k xGuo f ufxw k í f 0ifouf½½I t kH wGi;f rQ touf&iS &f ygrl aumif;avpGmh aumif;avpGmh? jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpörsm;udk) rsm;pGmjyKtyfonfjzpf&m\[k þodkY r&P ówdudk yGm;rsm;\/}} ]]&[ef;wdkY þ&[ef;ESpfyg;wdkYudk rarhravsmhaeMuukef\[lí vnf;aumif;? tmoa0gw&m; ukefcrf;&ef xufoefpGmr&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;ukef\[lívnf;aumif; qdktyfukef\/}} ]]&[ef;wdkY- xdkYaMumihf ]rarhravsmhaeukefthH/ tmoa0gw&m;

And when he had thus spoken, the Exalted One said to those monks: "This monk who makes become mindfulness of death thus: Surely were I to live but one day and night, an I were to ponder over the word of the Exalted One, much indeed would be done by me; and he who make it become thus: Surely were I to live for a day only...; or: half a day...; or: long enough to eat one alms- meal...; or: half an alms- meal..; or: long enough to swallow four or five morsels of food, which I have munched, an I were to ponder over the word of the Exalted One, much indeed would be done by me– these monks are said to live indolently; and slackly they make mindfulness of death become for the destruction of the cankers.

But he who makes become mindfulness of death thus: Were I to live long enough to swallow one morsel of food..; or thus: Were I to live long eough to breathe in after breathing out, or to breathe out after breathing in, an I were ponder over the word of the Exalted One, much indeed would be done by me– these monks are said to live diligently; and keenly they make mindfulness of death become for the destruction of cankers.

Wherefore, monks, train yourselves thus: We will live diligently and keenly make mindfulness of death become to the end that we may destroy the cankers.

"Train yourselves thus, monks."

ukefcrf;&ef xufoefpGm r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;ukeftHh} [k usihf&rnf/ &[ef;wdkY oifwdkYtm;vHk; þuJhodkYom usihfMu&rnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYMum;awmfrlav\/ (okwEå yÅ #d u? t*Fw k Kd¬ &yf gVdawmf? 'kw, d yPÖmou? ,ru0*f? yXr r&Pówdokwfudk jyefqdkwifjytyfygonf/) "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/

&mpkopf\ pdeaf c:rIrsKd;pku H dk Nidr;f csrf;aompdwf &J&ifw h nfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpmG jzwfoef;Ekid Mf uzkYd "r®0&D *sme,f zwfMupkUd

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"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

arwåmw&m;aeYpOfyGm;? pGrf;tm;ydkif&Sifrsm; ouf y d k i f N id r f ; (½k u © a A')

]]a[mµ r[m um;0ifvmNyD/}} jrif;NcHrS &efukefodkYoGm;rnhf ]r[m} um;udk rvdiI Nf rKd UrS uRerf wdrYk o d m;pk tm;vH;k apmihf aeMuonf/ ,ckwpfacguf uRefroGm;rnhf c&D; pOfrSm &efukefrSwpfqihf uRefr\om;BuD;&Sd&m puFmylojYkd zpfygonf/ rvdiI *f w d w f iG f &yfvu dk o f nhf tjref,mOfum;ay:odYk uRerf wufvu dk yf gonf/ uRerf \xdik cf w kH iG f trsKd ;om;wpfO;D ESihf trsKd ;orD; wpfOD;wdkYu tcefYom;xdkifvsuf]]'g...udk,hfcHkeHygwfyg? z,fay;yg}} wkww f w k rf QrvIyo f nfh c&D;onfEpS Of ;D udkMunhfNyD;]]um;q&m? 'DrSmMunhfvkyfOD;av}} uRefru atmfajymvkdufonhftcgrS um;q&mu]]cifAsm;wdkY b,frSmqif;MurSmvJ}} ]]rdwv D¬ m}} ]]'gqdk Mum;cHkrSmxdkifay;Muyg}} ]]uJ}} [kqdkum uRefru uRefr\ xdkifcHkae&mudk ZGwfwdk;0ifonf/ um;eHab;wGif &yfvsuf uRefrudkEIwfqufMurnhf uRefr\ rdom;pkukd Munhcf sio f nhq f E´jzihf pdww f v kd mum]]uJ- xay;Muyg}} ]]Mum;cHkb,frSmvJ? Mum;cHkcsay;NyD;rS xEdik rf ,f}} uRefru a'gojzpfvmum ]]um;q&m..}} [k toHjri§ í fh atmfvu kd rf S xay;Mu

ygonf/ xd k t csd e f rvd I i f u m; *dwfudk a&muf uwnf;u um;pufr&yfbJ xm;onhf tjref,mOf um;u bD;vdrfhp jyKNyD; xdkolESpfOD;csxm;aom cef;pnf;pudq k t JG z,f um;u 0l;ueJ armif;xGuf vkdufyg onf / vQyf w ysuf t wG i f ; uRef r jrif v k d u f & onf r S m uRef r twG u f tES p f 40 ausmf uRefr \ ]t&dyfyrm} jzpfcJhaom tdrfOD;ewfocif aus;Zl;&Sif\rsufESm/ uRefr\c&D;pOfudk oabm rwlco hJ nhf refusn;f oD; wpf0uf? xef;vQuw f pf 0ufa&mxm;onhf uRefrom;i,f\rsufESm? aemuf uRef r \ acR;rav;ES i h f ajr;ri,fav;rsm; wpfcP wmtwGif;rSmyif uRefr\jrifuGif;rS aysmuf uG,foGm;MuacsNyD/ rvdIifrS pwifxGufvmonhftcsdefu wnf;u &Gmvku d o f nhrf ;kd / vQypf ;D w0if;0if;vuf onfrmS um;rSejf yLwif;udyk ifazmufí 0ifa&muf vmwwf y gonf / vQyf p D ; w0if ; 0if ; vuf í rd;k Ncrd ;f oHukd aMumufwwfco hJ u l Rerf udk rd;k ewfrif; u pwifNcrd ;f ajcmufped af c:vsu&f adS csNy/D uRerf rsupf u d pkd rkH w dS f EIwcf rf;udk wif;wif;aphyw d x f m; um tm;rmefwif;xm;ygonf/ rdk;uonf;? vrf;uusOf; ta0;ajy;tjref,mOfum;BuD;rSm b,fnm,drf;xdk;vsufjzpfaeonf/ ]]a&SUu um;vmw,f}} ]]nmuyfr,f}} ]]um;aemufu qdik u f ,fawGygvmao; w,f}} ]]ausmfvdkYr&ao;..}} ponfjzihf um;armif;ol '½kdifbm\ b,fbufab;rSmxkid v f suaf tmfajymNy;D vrf;ñTef ay;aeolpy,f,m\vrf;ñTefoHudk em;axmif &if; onf;vSaomrd;k aMumihf avmu"mwfwpfciG f vH;k tvif;a&mifaysmufum tarSmifyw d zf ;kH vsuf &Sdonhfvrf;udk um;a&SUrD;ESpfvHk;udktm;jyKvsuf armif;ESiaf eol um;'½dik b f m? uRerf \vufEpS f bufudk &if0,fwifvkdufrdygonf/ uRefr\

þc&D;um; ..../ ]]c&D;oGm;&if &wemoHk;yg;rarheJY? orÁKa'¨*gxmudk rjywf&w G zf wfygorD;}} [laom arG;arar\pum;oHukd jyefvnfMum;a,mifryd g onf/ um;pwifxGufvmuwnf;u &Gwfvkduf &onhf orÁKa'¨? pdwfudkwnfNidrfatmifxm;í r&Edkifjzpfaeygonf/ ]]uJ orD;i,f um;ay:wufawmh}} yckuúLrS aq;? aq;½dk;rsm;wifaqmif xm;onhf ukeu f m;rsm;jzihf rvdiI u f jkd yef&ef uRerf zcifBu;D ESirfh cd ifBu;D wdu Yk kd xdik u f efawmhpOf xH;k pH twkid ;f use;f rmcsr;f omapaMumif; qkreG af y;Mu NyD; oGm;vrf;vmvrf;acsmharGUNyD; tEÅ&m,fuif; apaMumif; qkay;wwfMuonhf uRerf \rdbrsm;/ yckuúLtdrfodkYjyef&wkdif; aysmf&TifcJh&NyD; rvdIifodkY jyefcsdefwkdif; idkcJh&onhf uRefr? tBudrfaygif;rsm; pGmyg/ ]]aysm&f mrSm rae&? awmf&mrSmae&yg rnf}} ]]orÁKa'¨*gxmawmfukd rjywf&w G o f mG ; aemf orD;i,f}} um;ay:twufwGif xyfrHowday; ajymMum;vku d o f l rdcifBu;D ? rdbrsm;udk vuftyk f csD uefawmhNyD; aq;½dk;um;ESpfpD;? aq;ydkYum; wpfpD;? um; 3 pD;jzihf uRefrcspfonhfholrsm;udk xm;&pfcJhum xGufcGmvmcJh&ygonf/ v,f,m? qifvrf;? uHv?S o&ufawm? jrpfajc ponhf rsm;vSpGmaom &GmpOfrsm;udk jzwfí uRe;f acsmif;"mwfajrMoZmpuf½kH Zufqyd f odYk uRerf a&mufcsed w f iG -f ]]um; 3-pD;vH;k rwifEikd af wmhyg? wpD; om &ygr,f}} [k qdkvmaom Zufqdyfwm0efcH a&,mOf*dwfrSL;\pum;aMumihf uRefrarmoGm; ygonf/ ]]wpfpD;xJawmh cGJrvTwfawmhygbl; OD;BuD;vSatmif&,f? aemufwpfacgufusrSyJ vku d yf gawmhr,f}} ]]'gqdk uRefrum; 'DZufeJY vkdufoGm; vkdufr,faemf nDr}} rdwv D¬ maps;wGif aq;&GuBf u;D a&mif;cs ol a':cifwihfu olr\aq;um; Zufay:wif í yXrtacgufwiG f uRerf ud, k pf m;vku d yf goGm; cJhygonf/ rMumyg? aemufwpfacgufwGif um;

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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0deóEÅK taooawm/ orÁ K a'¨ * gxm\teuf t|0DoH- oHk;yg;b0 oHk;avmuwGif ÓP a&mifzdwf atmifbdodufESihf ESpfusdyf&Spfql ukefaom? orÁKa'¨p- wefaqmifyrm ÓPfa&mif0gjzihf opömyGihfvif;w&m;rif;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;?

'G g 'o Íö o[óau- ed AÁ m ef u d ef ; atmif ; 'oÍö pufarGUavsmif;onhf wpfaomif;ESpfaxmif ukefaom? orÁ K a'¨ p - va&mif y rm ÓPf a &mif 0 gjzih f opömvif;ajymif jrwfbkef;acgifwdkYudk vnf; aumif;? yÍö o wo[óed - aomif ; xk d u f p Mu0Vm *kPf0ga&mif&Sdef; ig;odef;ukefaom? orÁ K a'¨ p - aea&mif y rm ÓPf a &mif 0 gjzih f opömvif;xdef jrwfrkedefwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? t[H- tuREfkyfonf? od&om- OD;acgif;&wemjrwft*Fgjzihf? ermrd- ½dkaoñGwfusdK; vufpHkrdk;í &Sdcdk;yg\/ **Fg **Fg,, **FgjrpfwGif;ü?

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Zdem- aESmifh,Sufzefvm rm&fig;jzmudk t&d,m r*f bkef;a&mifpufjzihf csdK;zsufvG,ful atmif awmfrlaom bk&m;&Siftaygif;wdkYum;? teEÅm- ocsmF *Pef; a&wGurf eS ;f vnf; qH;k cef; wdkifajrmuf ra&mufEdkifMuukef/ awZdaep- xdkbk&m;&SifwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? awoH- xdik g;ode;f wpfaomif;ESpaf xmifEpS u f sw d f &Spfqlukefaom bk&m;&Sif? ra&rwGufEdkifaom bk&m;&SifwdkY\? "r®Íö- w&m;awmfjrwfudkvnf;aumif;? oHCÍö- wynhfom; oHCmawmfjrwfudkvnf; aumif;? t[H- tuREfkyfonf? tm'a&e tm'&H - ½dkaopGm? ermrd- &Sdcdk;yg\/ eruúm&mEkbma0e ma0e- þodkY&Sdcdk;ylaZmf zl;ajrmf rmefavsmh uefawmh&aom yPmrukodkvf apwemaMumihf? oaAÁ- cyfodrf;ukefaom?

Oy'´a0- ab;&efwdkYudk? [dwGm- y,fazsmufí? taeutEÅ&m,myd- wpfyg;ru rsm;vSoG,f oG,f tEÅ&m,fwdkYonfvnf;? taooawm- t<uif ; tusef r &S d a om tm;jzihf?

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

29

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twGif;&Sd awmausmif;ü oDwif;okH;aeawmf rlonf/ &Sifom&dykwå&mrax&f jrwfBuD;\ OD;acgif;awmfonf qHcs xm;qJjzpfonht f wGuf ajymifaeonf/ rax&fjrwf ormywfudk 0ifpm; aeawmf r l ck d u f r S m yif j zpf o nf / bD v l ; ESpfaumifonf [dr0EÅmbDvl; tpnf;ta0;rS jyef v mae Muonf / aumif ; uif c &D ; jzih f vmaeonh f bD v l ; ES p f a umif o nf va&mifaMumihf wajymifajymif jzpfaeonfh &Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fjrwf\ OD;acgif;awmfukd jrif & onh f t cg bD v l ; wpf aumif u tvkdvkdae&if; jypfrSm;csifpdwfayguf vmonf/ xkdYaMumifh tazmfbDvl;tm;]]ol i ,f c sif ; 'D & [ef ; &J U acgif ; uk d wif;ykwfxkcsifvkdufwmuGm}} ]]rvkyfeJY oli,fcsif;? rif;'ku©a&muf vdrrhf ,f? 'D&[ef;[m tifrwefrS wefc;dk Bu;D rm; vSw,f}} þuJhodkY wm;jrpfaomfvnf; jypfrSm; csifonhfpdwfu BuD;rm;aeonhfbDvl;ukd rnfokdY rQ ajymqkdwm;jrpfír&awmhavNyD/ eE´bDvl; onf rax&fjrwf\OD;acgif;tm; wif;ykwfESihf xkEu S v f u dk af vawmhonf/ eE´bv D ;l \ ykwcf wf ½kdufESufrIum; jyif;xefvSavpG/ ckepfawmif &S d o nf h qif a jymif w pf a umif a oEk d i f o vk d awmifxw G yf ifvQif NyKu d o JG mG ;Ekid af vmufatmif jyif;xefvSonf/ odkYaomf rax&fjrwfBuD;onf um; ormywfwefckd;aMumifh rnfokdYrQ jzpfawmf rrlacs/ rax&fjrwfBuD;om rnfodkYrQrjzpf aomf v nf ; taMumif ; rJ h j ypf r S m ;apmf u m;ol eE´bDvl;onfum; wif;ykwfESihf xkESufNyD;cP rSmyif]]trav; ylvu dk w f m- ylvu dk w f m}} [k nnf;wGm;atmf[pfvsufuyif aumif;uifrS jyKwfusNyD; csufcsif;yif t0Dpdi&JodkY usoGm; avawmhonf/ &S i f r [marm*¾ v mef o nf 'd A Á p u© K tbdnmOfwefckd;awmfjzihf odjrifonhftwGuf ar;jref;awmfrv l u dk o f nf/ ]]igh&Sif usef;rmyg\avm}} ]]ihg&Si-f use;f rmyg\? 'gayr,fh acgif;

uawmh tenf;i,femaew,f}} ]]ihg&Sifom&dykwå&m bDvl;jyif;xefpGm xkaxmif;vku d w f mukd tenf;i,frQom emusif w,fvdkYqkdjcif;um; tHhzG,faumif;vSygw,f}} ]]ihg&Sifarm*¾vmef oifu bDvl;ukd jrifayr,fh igrlum; ajrbkwfbDvl;Nydwåmukd awmif rjrifzl;yg? tHhzG,faumif;vSygw,f}} t&SifjrwfBuD;ESpfyg;\ tjyeftvSef ar;jref;oHum; waygwacsmuf vGifwD;acgif 0,f vGifhysHaeqJ/ odkYaomf rax&fjrwfESpfyg;\ pum;oHwdkYukdrl t0Dpdi&JodkY a&mufoGm;onhf eE´ b D v l ; um; Mum;Ek d i f p G r f ; r&S d a wmh a vNyD / t*¾om0ujypfrSm;í i&Jvm;&ol eE´bDvl;\ jzpf&yfum; w&m;usp&maumif;vSygaypG/ ajrrsKd c H & armif e E´ jrwf A k ' ¨ \ &[ef ; rtaygif ; wd k Y w G i f OyÜv0Pfax&Dronfum; wefc;dk t&m {w'*f &awmfrlonhf vuf0Jawmf&H bdu©KeDax&Dryif jzpfonf/ ax&Drtavmif;vsmonf y'krkwå& bk&m;&SifvufxufawmfrSpí yg&rDukokdvf wdkYukd jznhfusihfawmfrlcJhNyD; vlYjynf ewfjynfwdkY ü tpkeftqef usifvnfvmcJhí a*gwrbk&m; &Sif yGihfxGef;awmfrlonhftcg om0w¦djynfwGif olaX;orD;jzpfvmcJhonf/ MumnKdyef;ESifhwl onh f tqif ; &S d a omaMumih f OyÜ v 0PÖ ]OyÜv0Pf} [k trnfwGifcJhonf/ OyÜ v 0Pf t&G , f a &muf v monh f tcg a&S;ukokdvfuHaMumifh ½kyf&nftqif;u acsmarmvGef;vSonf/ ZrÁL'dyfuRef;ae rif;nD rif;om;? olaX;om;wdo Yk nf OyÜv0PftvSty av;tm; zcifolaX;BuD;xH awmif;qkdvmMu onf/ zcifoal X;Bu;D \pdwx f w J iG f þodpYk Of;pm; rdvmonf/ ]]tif;- ihgrSm orD;u wpfa,muf wnf ; ? vk d c sif o l a wG u 0k d i f ; 0k d i f ; vnf v k d Y rjzpfao;ygbl;? orD;ukd ar;MunhfOD;rSmyJ}} þodkYjzifh OyÜv0Pfukdac:í zcif olaX;BuD;u ar;jref;Munhfvkdufonf/ ]]orD;- &[ef; bduK© erD jyKEidk yf gh rvm;}} ypä d r b0d u (þb0rS v G e f v Qif y&dedAÁmef0ifpHrnhfol) om;jzpfonhf OyÜv0Pf onf zcif\pum;ukd Mum;&onhftcg tvGef w&mrS 0rf;omvSonhftwGuf-

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

30

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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'k ó D r m&f e wf twd w f Z mwf uuk o ef b k & m;&S i f yG i f h a wmf r l p Of u jzpf í &S i f r [marm*¾ v mef tavmif ; awmf o nf xk d p Of u 'k ó D r m&f e wf j zpf c J h N yD ; olYwGif ]umvD} [kac:onhf ESrwpfOD;vnf; &Sdonf/ uukoefbk&m;&Sif\vuf,mawmf &HrSm ]0d"l&} rax&fjrwfjzpfí vuf0Jawmf&H um; ]oÍÆD0} rax&fjzpfonf/ 'kóDrm&fewf onf xk d p Of u omoemawmf t m; tNi§Kd;BuD;pGmxm;í vltrsm; txiftjrif rS m ;ap&ef trsKd ; rsKd ; taES m if h t ,S u f ay;cJ h o nf / 'kóDrm&fewfonf olaX;ol<u,f wdkYukd 0ifyl;vsuf bk&m;&SifESifh oHCmawmf wd k Y u k d qJ q k d a pcJ h o nf / &[ef ; wd k Y u k d v nf ; trsKd;rsKd; ajcmufvSeYfonf/ vltrsm; uJh&JU cH & ap&ef v nf ; toG i f t rsKd ; rsKd ; zef q if ; jycJ h o nf / &[ef ; rsm; iS u f a xmif z rf ; aeonh f o @mef ? rd e f ; rrsm;ES i h f aysmf y g; aeonh f t oG i f ponf j zih f txif t jrif rS m ;ap&ef zef q if ; jyocJ h o nf / þonfukd jrifMu&onhfvlrsm;onf &[ef;wdkYukd uJh&JUMuonfhtwGuf raumif;rI tuk o d k v f y G m ;rsm;vmMuNyD ; aoonh f t cg tyg,f i &J o d k Y usa&muf M uawmh o nf / xk d taMumif; odawmfrlonfh uukoefbk&m;&Sif onf &[ef;taygif;tm; jA[®0d[m&w&m; av;yg;(arwåmçu½kPmçrk'dwmçOayu©m)ukd ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcif&ef Mo0g' ay;awmf rlco hJ nf/ uuk o ef j rwf A k ' ¨ \ tqk H ; trtwk d i f ; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&m &[ef;rsm;onf &[EÅm rsm; jzpfukefMuonf/ ol Y t BuH r atmif r S e f ; od o nh f t cg 'k ó D r m&f e wf tBuH w pf r sKd ; xk w f j yef o nf / olYtBuHum; &[ef;rsm; vmbfvmb aygrsm; vmvQif pnf;pdrf,pfrl;vmNyD; tyg,fi&Jus ap&ef y if j zpf o nf / xk d t BuH u k d vuf a wG U taumif t xnf a zmf o nh f t aeES i h f 'k ó D rm&f e wf B uD ; onf oH C mrsm;aumif ; uif ü psmef y sH j cif ; ? aumif ; uif w G i f ouF e f ; csKyf jcif ; ponf w d k Y u k d zef q if ; jy&m vl t rsm; onf &[ef;oHCmwdkYukd MunfnKdvmMuNyD; vS L 'gef ; yl a Zmf M uawmh o nf / xkdaumif;rIaMumifh vlrsm;aovGef aomtcg ewfbkHü jzpfMu&onf/ uukoef jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f o nf rm&f e wf \ tBuH u k d od a wmf r l a omaMumif h &[ef ; wd k Y t m; ]]tok b ½I & ef ? tm[m&y#d u l v onm

yGm;(tm[m&üpufqkwfzG,ftjzpf½IyGm;jcif;) rsm;&ef } Mo0g' ay;awmf r l o nf / &[ef ; oH C mawmf w d k Y o nf jrwf A k ' ¨ t qk H ; tr twk d i f ; usih f B uH a wmf r l M uaomaMumih f tmoa0guif ; uG m &[EÅ m rsm; jzpf a wmf r l cJ h M uonf / xkdtcg olzefwD;ovkd rjzpfonhf tqkH; 'kóDrm&fewfBuD;onf a'gojyif;pGm xG u f v mNyD ; &G m om;wpf O D ; uk d 0if y l ; vsuf vuf,mawmf&H 0d"l&rax&fjrwf qGrf;cH<u vmck d u f 0 ,f ausmuf c J E S i h f y pf c wf a vawmh onf / rm&f e wf 0 if y l ; í ausmuf c J E S i h f y pf vk d u f a omaMumif h 0d " l & rax&f j rwf B uD ; \ OD ; acgif ; uG J u m aoG ; pd r f ; &S i f & S i f x G u f v m avawmh o nf / þuJ h o d k Y 'k ó D r m&f e wf wpfa,muf t*¾om0u 0d"l& rax&fjrwfBuD; tm; um,uH a jrmuf jypf r S m ;onf t xd vGefusL;vmonhftcg uukoef jrwfpGmbk&m; onf 'kóDrm&fewfrif;BuD;tm; Munfh½Iawmfrl um ]]'k ó D r m&f e wf oif u m; jyKtyf o nh f raumif;rIyrmPukd rpOf;pm;bJ twkdif;twm xuf vGefuJpGm jyKcJhavNyD}} [k rdefYawmfrl&m 'kórD m&fewfvnf; vGepf mG xdwv f efaY Mumuf&UHG í txufewfbkHokdY ajy;oGm;avawmhonf/ t*¾ o m0utavmif ; tvsm jzpf awmfro l nhf &Sirf [marm*¾vmeftavmif;awmf onfyif rjypfrmS ;tyfonhyf *k K¾ v d w f t Ykd m; jypfrmS ; rdao;onfqkdygu rdrdwwkdYomrefvlom;rsm; taejzihf ykí d owdxm;um qifjcifoihv f aS wmh ayawmhonf/ þuJhodkY qifjcifEkdifMuap&ef a&;om;wifjyvkduf&jcif;om jzpfygavawmh onf/ om0u (wynh f o m;oH C mawmf t aygif ; ) jrwfAk'¨\ wynhfom;oHCmawmf taygif;ukd ]om0u} [kac:onf/ (227)oG,f aom odu©myk'fwdkYukd vkHNcKHpGm qifjref;xm;í omoemawmftusKd;ukd o,fykd;xrf;&GufaeMu onhf omoemh0efaqmif oHCmawmfrsm;\ aus;Zl;um; BuD;rm;vSonf/ xkdoHCmawmfrsm; \ *kPfawmf(9)yg;ukd txufwGif qkdcJhNyD;jzpf onf/ þuJhodkY oHCmh*kPfawmf(9)yg;ESihf jynhfpkHawmfrlMuonhf ax&foHCmawmfrsm;ukd rjypfrSm;oihfMuay/ oHCm*kaPm teaEÅm [k a[mñTejf yxm;onfEiS t fh nD oHCmhaus;Zl;um; BuD;rm;vSaypG/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf usrf ; uk d ; r[mAk ' ¨ 0 if u srf ;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

t&d,mpcef; r*fwufvrf; q&mawmf O D ; eE´ ( rEÅ a v;)

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or® m orÁ K '¨ ó q&mawmf B uD ; \ ,ck a zmf j yrnh f ]t&d , mpcef ; r*f w uf v rf ; } aqmif ; yg; rwd k i f r D ]aomwmyef } aqmif ; yg;uk d þ*sme,f \ twG J (22) trS w f ( 4)wG i f azmf j yNyD ; jzpf y gonf / ,ck aqmif ; yg;uk d azmf j yNyD ; ]aomwmyef } aqmif ; yg;ES i h f quf p yf í zwf ½ I & ef j zpf y gonf / 0dyóem½IpOfukd a&;awmhrnfjzpf aomtcg1/ ÓPfpOfESihf ukduf&rnf/ 2/ 0dok'¨dtpOfESihf ukduf&rnf/ 3/ y&dnmokH;yg;ESihf ukduf&rnf/ þtpOf o k H ; yg;ES i f h uk d u f n D r S o m jynhfpkHvkHavmufaom usihfpOfwpfckjzpfEkdifyg rnf/ xkaYd Mumihf þusipfh Of tpOfo;Hk yg;ESifh jynhpf Hk nD ñ T w f a tmif a&;&ygrnf / a&;aomtcg rSmvnf; 1/ ÓPfpOf(10)yg; 10)yg;wkdYü tjrifrSm;'d|d wdkYukd y,fcGmEkdifatmif emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPf? ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf? or®oeÓPf? O',AÁ, ÓPf? b*FÓPfwdkYtxd onmtaetm;jzihf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnfí ½Iwwfatmif ½Ienf;wdu Yk dk tpOftwkid ;f a&;ygrnf/ ½I&if; ½I&if; tjrifrmS ;'d|w d u Ykd dk y,fcmG Ekid Nf y;D aemuf O',AÁ, ÓPf r S a eí quf v uf N yD ; tm;xk w f a om a,m*Donf tjrifrSef or®m'd|dÓPfpOfwufí aygufa&mufatmifjrifEidk rf nfjzpfygaomaMumifh txufykdif;ÓPfwdkYudk ra&;awmhNyD/ 2/ 0dok'¨dtpOftm;jzihf tm;rxkwfrD a&SUtzdkYu oDvukd pOfMu,fatmifjyKí oDv 0dok'¨djzpfxm;&rnf/ ½Ipdwfukd ESmoD;zsm;rSm

xm;NyD; 0ifavxGufavwdkYukd rvGwfwrf;½Iae ojzihf eD0&Pw&m;rsm;uif;aeojzihf pdwå 0dok'¨djzpfaejcif;/ ESmoD;zsm;uapmihfí 0ifavxdod xGufavxdodwdkYukd½Ií xdwm½kyf? odwmemrf [k ½kyfESihfemrfukd cGJjcm;íjrifvmaomtcg 'd|d0dok'¨d jzpfjcif;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awmfü 'ku©opöm? ork',opöm? jyKvyk rf I ur®b0? tem*wf 'ku© opö m wd k Y u k d aMumif ; usKd ; quf p yf í ½I o jzih f ucF g 0d w &P0d o k ' ¨ d j zpf j cif ; / ½kyfemrfwdkY\ jzpfjcif;? ysufjcif;wdkYukd ½Ijrifojzihf r*¾gr*¾ÓP'óe0dok'¨d jzpfjcif;/ (qufvufí ½Iaomtcg txuf0dok'¨d 2 yg; wdkYonfvnf; jzpfEkdifawmh\/) 3/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPfESihf ypö, y&d*¾[ÓPf(2)yg;wdkYukd uGJuGJjym;jym;odaom ÓPfonf Ówy&dnmmrnf\/ ½kyfemrfwdkY\jzpfjcif;ysufjcif; wdkYukd jrif a omÓPf o nf wD & Py&d n mmrnf \ / ½kyfemrfwdkY\ tjzpfcsnfhvnf;aumif;? tysuf csnf h v nf ; aumif ; jrif a omb*F Ó Pf r S p í txufydkif;ÓPfwdkYonf y[mey&dnmmrnf\/ þtajccH 1? 2? 3 yg;wdkYESihftnD a&;ygrnf/ a&;aomtcgrSm usiphf Ofudk t"dygÜ ,f ESihfwGJí olYtykdif;ESihfol cGJí cGJía&;ygrnf/ a&;onfhtwkdif; olYtykdif;ESihfol cGJusifhvdkY pmqkd ESifh tnD awGUNy;D rSom aemufwpfyidk ;f çwpfyidk ;f ukd ajymif;íçajymif;í ½IMuyg&ef/ usih f p Of yxryk d i f ; y&d u rf j yK&ef bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemjrwf okH;yg;ESihf ur®|mef;q&mtaygif;wdkY ...?

-bk & m; wynh f a wmf t m; oem;

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ojzif h tMunf n Kd ? tzl ; ajrmf c H ur® | mef ; csD ; jr§ i h f <ua&muf a wmf r l y gbk & m;?

-wynhfawmf\ ½kyfemrfESpfyg;? cE¨m ig;yg;uk d vS L 'gef ; yg\bk & m;?

-wynh f a wmf \ OD ; acgif ; xuf ü ausmif;trSwfjzihf oDwif;okH; awmfrlygbk&m;?

-wynh f a wmf t m; oem;ojzih f 0dyóemur®|mef; cs;D jri§ ahf wmfryl gbk&m;/ Ak'¨H? "r® H ? oH C H yl a Zrd y gbk & m; (OD ; ok H ; Bud r f c sí ukd,fxkdifwwfovdk xkdifyg/) arwå m yk d Y tuREkfyfonf terw*¾b0oHo&m rSpí ,cktcsed t f xd rjypfrmS ;oihaf om bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemjrwfokH;yg;ESihf t&d,m olawmfpiftaygif;wdkYtm; um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkYjzihf jypfrSm;rdonf&Sdaomf xkdtjypf wdkYukd aysmufygapjcif;tusKd;iSm 0efcsuefawmh awmif;yefyg\/ ausawmfrMl uyg/ uREyfk t f ay: ü jypfrSm;usL;vGefaomyk*¾Kdvftaygif;wdkYtm; tjypfr,l cGihfjyKyg\/ ihgtm; ab;&efcyford ;f uif;vGwNf ird ;f í aumif;pGmtm;xkwfEkdifygapownf;/ ig\ trd t z? tzk d ; tzG m ;? q&morm;wd k Y r S p í cyfodrf;ukefaom ewfjA[®m taygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? cyford ;f ukeaf om owå0gtaygif; wdt Yk m;vnf;aumif;? ab;&ef cyford ;f uif;vGwf Nidrf;í csrf;omMuygapukefownf;/ ightm; aojcif;w&m;onf NrJawmh \/ igonf rkcsraoG ao&vdrfhOD;rnf/ xkdY aMumihf aojcif; paom 0#fqif;&Jtaygif;wdkYrS vGwaf jrmufatmif 0dyóemur®|mef; tm;xkwf ayawmhtHh/ qk a wmif ; ES i f h trQa0 w&m;xkdifNyD;oGm;vQif trQa0&ef ig\aumif;rIwdkYonf tmoa0gw&m;av;yg; wd\ Yk uke&f mjzpfaom edAmÁ efudk vG,u f pl mG awGU&Sd rsufarSmufjyK&ygapownf;/ þaumif;rIwdkY\tzkdYukd rdcif zcif aus;Zl;&SifwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? q&mocif aus;Zl;&Siw f t Ykd m;vnf;aumif;? uk, d af pmihef wf? ausmif;apmihfewf? omoemawmfapmihfewf? ewfaumif;ewfjrwf? ewfjA[®mtaygif;wdrYk S pí bkHokH;q,hfwpfü &Sd&SdorQaom okcdw? 'ku©dw a0ae,sowå0gtaygif;wdt Yk m; trQ? trQ? trQ ay;a0yg\/ trQ&í csrf;omMuonfjzpfMu ygapaomf.. 'óaeey[mwAÁ m "r® m bm0em,y[mwAÁ m "r® m 1/ 'óaeey[mwAÁm-aomwmywåd

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

r*fonf y,ftyfaom? "r®m-oabmw&m;wdkY onf? oEÅd-&Sdukef\/ 2/ bm0em,y[mwAÁ- txufr*f ok;H yg;wdo Yk nf y,ftyfaom? "r®m-oabmw&m; wdkYonf? oEÅd- &Sdukef\[lí "r®o*FPDusrf;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhay\/ 'ghaMumifh 'óaeey[mwAÁ aomwm ywådr*f\½IuGufukd a&S;OD;pGma&;í bm0em ,y[mwAÁ txufr*fo;Hk yg;wd\ Yk ½Iuu G w f u Ykd dk aemufrSa&;ygrnf/ a&;aomtcg olYtykd'fESifhol eHygwf pOfwyfía&;ygrnf/ eHygwfwpfckjcif;\ tqkd twkid ;f ½Iyg ÓPfwiG w f u,fxifvmrSomaemuf eHygwfpOf wpfckwpfck ajymif;íajymif;í ½Iyg/ aomwmywå d r *f ½I u G u f r sm; 1/ 0ifavçxGufavç xd? od ½kyfemrf½I&ef ESmoD;zsm;u apmihfí avukd jyif; jyif;xefxef wpfcsuf½IMunhfvkdufyg/ ESmacgif; wGif; wpfae&m&mü avtxd xif&Sm;wJhae&m ukd awGU&vdrfhrnf/ tJ'Dtxd xif&Sm;wJhae&m u apmihfí av½IvkdufonfESihf 0ifavonf tcke xif&Sm;aomae&mukd xdvdrfhrnf/ tJ'D xdaomae&mrSm at;ueJodaomtod uav; uvnf;ay:vmvdrfhrnf/ (tJ'DtxdeJYtodukd 0if a v xd o d [ k ½I r S w f v d k u f y g/) wpf c g xGuv f mwJah vuvnf; tJ't D xd xif&mS ;aom ae&mudkyJ xdvdrfhrnf/ xdwJhae&mrSmyJ aEG;ueJ odaomtoduav;vnf; ay:vmvdrfhrnf/ (tJ'gukd xGufav xd? od [k ½IrSwfvdkufyg) þuJhodkY ½IrSwfí ESmoD; zsm;ü 0ifav xdç od? xGufav xdç od wkdYu xif&Sm;ívmaomtcg (xd w mu ½k y f ? od w mu emrf [ k ) ½k y f E S i h f emrfukd cGJcGJMunhf ay;yg/ (½kyfemrfcGJyg) vrf ; avQmuf & if ; ½I & ef r S m ... ajcz0g;ESihf ajrESihfxdvkdufonfESihf ajcz0g;xJ rS m xd ç od uav; ay:ay:vmonf u k d jrifatmif Munhfí xdwm½kyf? odwmemrf[k ½kyfESihfemrfukd cGJçcGJay;yg/ xdç od ½kyfemrft"dyÜg,f 1/ ouúm,'d|dqkdonf xkdt&Sdw&m; jzpfaom y&rw¦ ½kyfemrfcE¨mBuD;ukd ihgukd,f? ihg[m? ig[k pGJNidíaeaom tjrifrSm;jzpfonf/ 2/ twå'|d q d w dk m þcE¨muk, d w f iG ;f ü &Sdaom ½kyfemrfukd ½kyfemrf[k trSeftwdkif;rod? jrifbJ toufaumif? 0dnmOfaumif? twå aumif? vdyfjymaumif&Sdonf[k rSm;íjrifaom tjrifrSm;jzpfonf/ 'ghaMumihf ESmoD;zsm;ü xdody&rw¦ ½kyfemrfwpfpkH t&Sdw&m;udkvnf; awGUvdkuf

ua&m þy&rw¦½kyfemrf cE¨mukd ihgukd,f? ihg[m? ig [k pGJNidítjrifrSm;aeaom ouúm, 'd | d E S i f h þcE¨ m uk d , f w G i f ; ü touf a umif ?

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ aom jrpfodkYa&mufcJh\/ xdkjrpfrSm a&wdrfaom jrpfreS ;f olo\ d / odaYk omf olc;kd Bu;D onf xdrk ed ;f r tm; xdjk rpfonf a&eufaomjrpfjzpf\/ rnfoYkd jzwful;&rSef;rod[kqdkav&m xdkrdef;ru ol\ vuf0wf&wemrsm;udk ol\tay:½Hkt0wf jzihfxkwfydk;ay;í þtxkyfudk,lum [dkbuf urf;odYk &Sit f &ifu;l ESiyfh g/ Ny;D rSwpfacguf olu Y kd jyefvmac:yg[kq\ kd / olc;kd Adv k Bf u;D um; xdrk ed ;f r ajymonft h wdik ;f yif &wemxkyu f , kd u l m a&ul; &onfyh [ kH efaqmifum wpfbufurf;odYk a&muf atmifoGm;\/ a&mufvQif aemufodkYvSnhfí rMunhfbJ olwpfOD;wnf; a&SUqufc&D;ESifav onf/ ygarmu©BuD;orD;u ]olYudkjyefvmac: vSnhfyg} [k tBudrfBudrf txyfxyfatmfajym &if ; onf b uf u rf ; ü usef & pf c J h a vonf / odMum;rif;onf vlYjynfodkYvSrf;tMunhf xdk tjzpftysuu f jkd rifvQif xdrk ed ;f r,kwt f m; qH;k r rSjzpfrnf[k rmwvdESihf yÍöoDcewfom; ESpfyg; ud k y g tazmf a c:vsuf vl Y j ynf o d k Y q if ; vm avonf/ rmwvdudk ig;a,mifaqmifcdkif;\/ yÍöoDcudk iSufa,mifaqmifcdkif;\/ olum; ajracG;a,mifaqmif\/ ajracG;onf trJom; wHk; wpfwHk;udk csDvm\/ xdkpOfa&xJrS ig;onf ½kwfw&wf jrpfwGif;rSckefxGufvmum ajracG; em;odYk us\/ ajracG;onf olEY w I o f ;D rS trJom; wHk;udk csum ig;aemufodkYvdkuf\/ ig;onf vsifjrefpGm a&xJodkYjyefíckefqif;oGm;onf/ xdt k cgusrS olcsxm;cJah om trJw;kH udjk yef,&l ef vmaomf aumif ; uif r S ysH v maomiS u f wpfaumifonf xdktrJom;wHk;tm; xdk;okyfí ,laqmifoGm;avonf/ ajracG;um; olYrlv trJ o m;wH k ; vnf ; r&? ig;ud k v nf ; r&bJ ESpfckpvHk; qHk;½HI;&avonf/ xdkYaMumihfajracG; onf xdkae&müyif xdkifírdIif aeavonf/ xd k t jzpf u d k vif y pf r jrif a omf tm;&yg;& &,farmavonf/ xd&k ,fou H akd jracG;Mum;vQif rnfolonf rnfonfhtwGufaMumihf &,f& oenf;[k atmf[pfíar;avonf/ xdktcg vif y pf r u xG u f í uREf k y f & ,f a rmjcif ; rS m oihftjzpfu &,fp&maumif;aeí &,frdjcif; jzpfonf/ oifonf trJom;wHk; vnf;qHk;½HI;? ig;udkvnf; r&vdkuf? ESpfckpvHk; qHk;½HI;&onf[k ajracG;tm; jyefajymavonf/ xdktcg ajracG; u olrsm;udkcsnf;rajymESihf udk,fhtaMumif; vnf; ud, k jf yef pOf;pm;Munhyf g/ oifonfvnf; rdbay;pm;vdkufaom vifa&m? aemufxyf oif,al oma,musmf ;a&m ESpOf ;D pvH;k vufvw G f qH;k ½H;I &onfr[kwaf vm[k ajymaomtcgwGirf S vifypfronf olYtjzpfudk olawG;rdNyD; aemifw

&avonf/ xdkYaMumihfajracG;a,mifaqmif xm;aom odMum;rif;tm; aemifþodkYrjyKNyD/ aemuf x yf t d r f a xmif j yKaomf ,ck u J h o d k Y vkyfawmhrnfr[kwfyg[k qkd\/ xdkodkYqdkaomf vnf; odMum;rif;u olYudkqHk;r t&Suf&ap vdkíoihfpum;udkigr,HkMunf/ ajrcGufi,fudk wpfcgcdk;zl;olonf aemufxyfa&TcGufudkawGU aomfrcdk;bJ aetHhavm/ aiGcGufudk awGUaomf rcd;k bJaetHah vm[k ajymqdq k ;kH rt&Su&f apum olYae&molYXmeodkY jyef<uoGm;avonf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf ,ckNiD;aiGUonfqdk aom &[ef ; onf xd k p Of u pl V "Ek * ¾ [ ? ,ckNiD;aiGUonfqdkaom &[ef;\ r,m;a[mif; onf xdktcgu plV"Ek*¾[\ ZeD;r,m;jzpfzl; NyD; ,ckigbk&m;onf xdkpOftcgu odMum;rif; jzpfczhJ ;l ayonf[k Zmwfuakd ygif;awmfryl gonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; ñT e f ; - ig;&mig;q,f e d y gwf ? plV"Ek*¾[Zmwu/ pmrsuf E S m 9 rS ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY cHkrufpHkruf ESpfouf Mujcif;aMumihyf if/ odq Yk v kd Qif taemf&xmrif;\ þuJhodkYaom &Snfvsm;vSaomarQmfvihfcsuf tb,haf Mumifjh zpfay:vm&ygoenf;/ þae&m ü tajzonf wk d i f ; ol j ynf o m;wd k Y t ay: cspf j rwf E d k ; onf u wpf a Mumif ; ? ol E S i f h r jcm; ukd,fcsif;pmoem;awmfrljcif;uwpfaMumif; aMumihfomjzpf\[kqdkvQif ydkírSefayvdrhfrnf/ jrif h j rwf a ombk & if w pf y g;\ tawG ; tBuH tajymtqdk tvkyt f udik Ef iS cfh pH m;pHpm;rI[o l nf axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom wdik ;f oljynfom;tm;vH;k ESihf rwlnMD uonfuu kd m; vlwidk ;f odEidk Mf uav onf/ þae&mü bk&ifESihfjynfol vGefuJaom uGmjcm;rIü bk&ifwpfyg;u wkdif;oljynfom;wdkY \ rdrEd iS t hf aetxkid pf onf tvH;k pHrk wlnED ikd f Muaomfvnf; tem*wfyef;wdik o f Ykd bk&ifEiS w hf uG vSrf;,lEdkifMuap&ef udk,fcsif;pmiJhuGufcJhonf um; ]]igavQmufvrS ;f ovdk igESit fh wl ighwidk ;f ol jynf o m;rsm;vJ ppf r S e f a omt,l 0 g'jzih f avQmufvSrf;&aptHh}} [laom taemf&xmrif; \ ud k , f c sif ; pmES v H k ; om;jzLpif r I a Mumih f &Snfvsm;aomawmifhwrI ukodkvfqE´ jzpfay: cJh&acs\/ uHMur®mESihf aojcif;w&m;wdkYonf taemf&xmrif;\ jzLpifaomESvHk;om;c&D;udk Oayu©mjyK&ufaomfvnf; taemf&xmrif;\ ok*wdb0ESifh bHkAdrmefudkum; zsufqD;EdkiftHh rxif/ xdaYk Mumifh rsm;jym;vSaom ax&0g' Ak'¨ bmom0ifwYkd yk*aH pwDyx k ;kd rsm;udk OD;wdu k v f u dk f

39

wkdif; taemf&xmrif;\ twkdif;rodaom yDwd wdjYk zihf wifw h ,fpmG 0rf;omaernfuu kd m; ajrBu;D vufcwfrvGJyif/ owåavmuBuD;wpfckvHk;wGif opöm w&m;wdkYonf vlYavmuüom vif;vufEdkifMu av\/ vlYavmuwGifvnf; olawmfaumif; yk*¾dKvfwdkYxJwGifom opömw&m;wdkY jrL;wl;aysmf yg;wwfMuav\/ þae&mü taemf&xmrif; \ wkdif;jynftay: opömw&m;xm;&SdcJhyHkum; ]]yk*H}} [kMum;odvQif yk*Hrif;quf (55) quf teufrS taemf&xmrif;udo k m jynfot l rsm;u owd&vkdufMujcif;u oufaojyaeav\/ wdkif;jynf\csrf;om? qif;&Jajymif;vJrI? acwf umvwpfck\ qdk;jypfaumif;arGonf rnfrQ &Scd yhJ gap? bk&ifwpfyg;\ wkid ;f jynftay: opöm &SdcJhonfum; wkdif;jynfb@m? bk&ihfb@mrS onf apwDykxdk;rsm;tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJNyD; tem*wfumv wkid ;f jynftwGuf aumif;arGay; cJhjcif;u opömw&m;\ tcdk;taiGUtpdkiftcJ omjzpfcJhyg\/ yDwEd v S ;kH om;onf jyKvyk q f J ukov kd ?f tukodkvf tvkyfwdkif;udk tqHk;pGefodkYa&muf atmif wGe;f ydaYk qmif,El ikd af vonf/ yk*jH ynh&f iS f taemf&xmbk&if\ wkid ;f jynftwGuf a&SUaemuf ajrmfjrifwwfjcif;? udk,fcsif;pmemwwfjcif;?

0rf;ajrmuf*kPf,lwwfjcif;wdkYaMumifhjzpfaom yDww d o Ykd nf ol\wkid ;f usKd ;jynfusKd ;twGuf tqH;k pGefodkYa&muf&Sdatmif wGef;ydkYEdkifcJhavNyD/ tvkyf wpfck\ aumif;raumif; a0zefrIudk *½krxm; yJ a&SUtem*wf wdik ;f jynftwGuf bk&ifph nf;pdrf ESihf b0udk NrdKUyk*Hvdkt&yfrSm aumif;jrwfppfrSef aom ukodkvftwGuf apwDykxdk;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJNyD; oludk,fwdkifOD;aqmifvrf;ñTefcGihf?

Munhf½IcGifh? jrifcGifhr&Edkifawmhaom tem*wf rsKd ;qufopf wkid ;f oljynfom;wdt Yk wGuf pGev Yf w T f tepfemcHcJh&SmavNyD/ ,ckrlum; uREfkyfwdkY olcif;aomvrf;udk avQmuf&if;? olap&mudk OD;ñGwf&if; olay;cJhaom ppfrSefaom ukodkvf aumif;arGudk &&SdcJhMuavonf/ xdkYaMumifh yk*H NrdKUolNrdKUom;wdkYESifhwuG jrefrmjynfoljynfom; tm;vHk; bk&m;zl;ukodkvf,l&if; taemf&xm bk&if\ pDrHudef;jy,k*f yk*HapwDykxdk;rsm;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufumuG,fNyD; bk&ifBuD;\ ESvHk;om;udk jznhfqnf;ay;qyfMuygpdkY/ jrwfaomrif;Bu;D ok*wdb0rSm xm0&0rf;ajrmuf Edkifygap/ usrf ; ud k ; yk*HapwDykxdk;rsm;orkdif;ESifh c&D;oGm;vrf;ñTef csif ; wG i f ; iayv

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tmoa0guif;qdwf&m r&PówdyGm;rsm;a&;

Mindfulness of death

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o k d v f )

r&Pówd o k w f tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf emwdu&Gmtkwfausmif;ü oDwif;oH;k aeawmfr\ l / xdt k cgjrwfpmG bk&m;onf &[ef;wdu Yk kd ac:awmf rl\/ ]]&[ef;wd}Yk } ]]t&Sijf rwfb&k m;}} [k &[ef;wdu Yk jyefMum;avQmufxm;Muav \/ xdkpOfjrwfpGmbk&m;onf þpum;udk rdefYawmfrlav\/ ]]&[ef;wdkY? aojcif;udk atmufarhrI ]r&Pówd} udk yGm;rsm; tyf? Budrfzefrsm;pGm jyKtyfonf&Sdaomf tusdK;BuD;\/ tmedoifBuD;\/ tNrdKuf (edAÁmef) odkY ouf0if\/ tNrdKuf (edAÁmef) vQif tqHk;&Sd\/ &[ef; wdkY? oifwdkYonf r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;Muukefavmh}} þodkYrdefYMum;awmfrlonf&Sdaomf &[ef;wpfyg;onf jrwfpGm bk&m;tm; þodkYavQmufxm;\/ ]]t&Sifjrwfbk&m;? tuREfkyfonf r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;yg\ bk&m;}} xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdk&[ef;tm; ar;jref;awmfrl\/ ]]&[ef;? oifonf r&Pówdudk tb,fodkYvQif yGm;rsm;yg oenf;...}} ]]t&SifjrwfpGmbk&m;? tuREfkyftm; ]igonf wpfaeYwpfnOfhrQ touf&iS yf grl aumif;avpG/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f &av&m\/ ihgtm; pifppf (&[ef;udpöudk) rsm;pGmjyKtyfonfjzpf&m\} [k tBuHjzpfyg\ t&Sifbk&m;/ tuREfkyfonf þodkYvQif r&Pówdudk yGm;rsm;yg\}} (1) tjcm;&[ef;wpfyg;uvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; þodkYavQmuf xm;av\/ ]]t&Sib f &k m;? tuREykf o f nfvnf; r&Pówdukd yGm;rsm;yg\}} ]]&[ef;? oifonf r&Pówdudk tb,fodkYvQif yGm;rsm; oenf;...}} ]]t&SifjrwfpGmbk&m;? tuREfkyftm; ]igonf wpfaeYwmrQ touf&iS yf grl aumif;avpG/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqH;k trawmfukd ESv;kH oGi;f

Mindfulness of death Once the Exalted One was staying in the Brick Hall at Na-dika. There the Exalted One addressed the monks, saying: "Monks!"

"Lord," they replied; and the Exalted One said: "Mindfulness of death, monks, when made become, developed is very fruitful, of great advantage, merging and ending in the deathless. Monks, do ye make become mindfulness of death."

And when he had thus spoken, a certain monk said to him: "Lord, I make become mindfulness of death."

"How, monk, do you make it become?"

"Herein, Lord, such in my thought: Surely were I to live but one day and night, an I were to ponder over the word of the Exalted One, much indeed would be done by me– thus, lord, I make become mindfulness of death."

And another monk...spoke likewise and said: "Lord, this is my thought: Surely were I to live for a day only, an I were to ponder over the word of the Exalted One, much indeed would bedone by me– thus, lord, I make become mindfulness of death."

And another...said...were... I to live half a day...Another ...said...were I to live long enough to eat one alms-meal...

Another...were I to live long enough to eat half an almsmeal...

Another....to swallow four or five morsels of food; which I have munched....

Another....to swallow one morsel of food....

And another monk said: "Lord, I make become mindfulness of death."

"How so, monk!"

"Herein, lord, this is my thought: Surely were I to live but long enought to breathe in after breathing out, or to breathe out after breathing in, an I were to ponder over the word of the Exalted One, much indeed would be done by me– thus, lord, I make become mindfulness of death."

pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y