DV21-05 by Thomas Winn

]] vl? ewf? jA[®m? owå0g[lorQwkdYonf oHo&m&Snfoa&GU yg&rDjznfh&ef &nfoefvsuf qE´jyif;jyaeonfjzpfap? oHo&m\ 'ku©qif;&Jjcif; t&if;tjrpfjzpfonfh wPSm\ aus;uReftjzpfrS ½kef;xGufvsuf wPSmukd tNyD;owfy,fowf r*f zkdvf edAÁmefukd tjrefqkH; a&mufvkdonfjzpfap? xkdyk*d¾Kvf owå0g\ qE´? qkH;jzwfcsufESifh tvkyfonfom y"mejzpfonf? twåm[d twåaem emaxm}} r[kwfygvm;/ (2006 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif xkwfa0jzefYcsdcJhaom Nidrf;csrf;OD;\ jzwfoef;csdef yxrykdif;rS aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf/)

MunfndKxkdufol

Nidrf;csrf;OD;

tnma'o\ aqmif;OD;umv ae0if½kd;&Donf csrf;pdrfhpdrfh&Sdonf/ NrdKUpGefNrdKUzsm;&yfuGufjzpfaomaMumifh NrdKUjy\ ykH&dyfrsm;onf aus;vuf\ ykH&dyfESifh axG;a&m,Suw f if&adS eonf[k oljrifawGrY o d nf/ naeapmif;csed f jzpfojzifh ,mawmrS jyef0if vmaom EGm;vSnf;tcsKdUukdvnf;aumif;? a&pnfvSnf;tcsKdU a&o,f&ef xGufcGmvmMuonfukdvnf;aumif;? vufwGef;a&vSnf;jzifh a&o,faeMuonfukd vnf;aumif; teD;ta0;jrifawGYae&onf/ vSysKdjzLwkdY a&cyfqif;Muonfuawmh &Sm;yg;oGm;avNy/D yavGww dk pfacsmif;ESihf aoQmifapmif;ESiq hf o dk w l v Ydk nf; r&Sad wmhavNy/D olonf aemufwpfaeYwiG f a&TNrKd Uawmftjyefc&D; twGuv f t dk yfonf rsm; jyifqifxm;&pfNyD;aemuf? tarhtm; cGifhyefum? tarwkdYNrdKU\ taemufbuf? a&uefBu;D &S&d mokYd avQmufvrS ;f vmaejcif;jzpfonf/ rlv&nf&, G cf suu f awmh ESpaf ygif; 60 cefY&SdNyDjzpfaom tbkd;eJY taz\ ocsKdif;ajrokdY uefawmh&ef vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rS e f o nf trsKd ; bmomomoemtwG u f ? uk d , f h wk d i f ; jynf u k d , f h v l r sKd ; twG u f wm0efauscahJ om yk*K¾d vv f nf;jzpf? teEÅaus;Zl;&Sirf sm;vnf;jzpfonfh tbk;d ESihf taztm; ol uefawmhvsuf uwday;&OD;rnf r[kwfygvm;/ ]]trsKd;bmom omoemtwGuf? ukd,fhEkdifiH ukd,fhvlrsKd;twGuf? opömapmifhodygrnf}}[lí/ pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y

wPSmavmbrS xGufajrmufjcif; wPSmavmbrS xGufajrmufvQif &,lodrf;ydkufjcif;ü raysmfarGUbJ? pGefYvTwf&jcif;üom arGUavsmf\/ trSeftm;jzifh wPSmrS xGufajrmufoltwGuf umr*kPfawmüaeaomfvnf; umr*kPfwkdYjzifh vdrf;usHjcif;r&Sd? &THUñTefawmüaygufaom Mumyef;ozG,fjzpf\/ ,if;udyk if ]umr*kPfrSxGufajrmufjcif;} [líqkd\/

OD ; a&T a tmif aumuf E k w f c suf p mpk r sm; tyk d i f ; (1)rS Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; jyKpk w if j yonf / MunfnKdxkdufaom yk*¾Kdvfrsm;um; qlBuHKedrfhjrifhra&G; &SdMurnf/ tMunfnKdcHxkdufolqkd&müvnf; oDv? orm"d? ynm&SdygrS? trsKd;bmomomoemESifh EkdifiHESifh vlrsK;d twGuf trSew f u,f vGwv f w G pf eG v Yf w T f tepfem cH ay;qyfEkdifpGrf;oljzpfygrS MunfnKdxkdufol[k olcH,l xm;onf? olonf awG;awm&if;yif qufavQmufaerdonf/ Nidrf;csrf;OD;

VOW

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

Aka'¨gaAma",sH

rkawåmarmap,sH

wdaPÖmwma&,sH

opömw&m;ukid godovk?d a0ae,swo Ydk ad p&rnf

b0taESmiftzJGrh S igvw G o f vkd a0ae,swYdk vGwaf p&rnf

oHo&m0J*,ufrS igu;l ajrmufEidk o f vkd a0ae,swYdk ul;ajrmufapEkid &f rnf

'kdYwm0efta&;oHk;yg; jynfaxmifpk rNydKuJGa&; wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrI rNydKuJGa&; tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhckdifNrJa&; -

,ck t ywf zwf p &m u@

"r®0&D *sme,f 'kdYta&; 'kdYta&; 'kdYta&;

jynfolYoabmxm; jynfytm;ukd;ykqdef½kd;tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu Ekid if aH wmf wnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekid if aH wmfw;dk wufa&;ukd aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu Ek d i f i H a wmf \ jynf w G i f ; a&;uk d 0if a &muf p G u f z uf aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu jynfwGif;? jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu

EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m; Oya' pkd;rkd;a&; - trsKd;om;jyefvnf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; - ckdifrmonfh zJGYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfjzpfay:vma&; - jzpfay:vmonfh zJGYpnf;yHktajccHOya'opfEiS t hf nD acwfrzD YGH NzKd ;wk;d wufaomEkdifiHawmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&; pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukv d nf; bufpHkzHGUNzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&; - jynfwiG ;f ? jynfyrStwwfynmESit hf &if;tES;D rsm; zdwaf c:í pD;yGm;a&;zHYG NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;ukd zefwD;Ekid rf pI rG ;f tm;onf EkdifiHawmfESifhwkdif;&if;om; jynfolwkdY\vuf0,fwGif&Sda&; vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k \ pdw"f mwfEiS hf tusiphf m&dwjå rifhrm;a&; - trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarG tESprf sm;? trsK;d om;a&;vu©Pmrsm;raysmufysuaf tmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&; - rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&; - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k use;f rmBuchH idk af &;ESiyhf nm&nfjrifrh m;a&;

Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

pmwnf;csKyf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)

pmwnf;tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm xk wf wf a0 ol wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f

tjyiftqif uGefysLwm rk;d Bu;D ? NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykid f

jzefYcsda&; vIid Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d f zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801

yH k E S d y f wifatmif0if;? bk;d &mZmykEH ydS w f u dk f trSw(f 162)? (45)vrf;? Akv d w f axmifNrKd eU ,f/

zvif Empire Colour Repro

uavmif&Sifrsm; -

pmrsufESm

v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m; - - t,f'Dwmtmabmf - - - OD;oDvmpm& - - - - - a'gufwmeE´rmvmbd0Ho - r[maAm"d N rd K if q &mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrd - - rkH&GmaeZm - - - - - - - - &SifÓP(zsmykH) - - - - - - tyÜrm' Mobmo(oxkH) - - Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , - rm,oeE´D - - - - - - - - Nidrf;csrf;OD; - - - - - - - - [Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif - - - wuúokdvfoQifoD&d - - - - "r®0D&-oEÅmatmif - - - - OD;atmifxGwf(&efukefwuúokdvf) cifolZmjrifh - - - - - - - - rk d ; aomuf M u,f ( zm;uef Y ) - - wuúokdvfvSarmif - - - - - EG,f,if;rm(wrÜ0wD) - - - vu©Pm(aysmfbG,f) - - - - rsKd;jrifh(atmifvH) - - - - - oef;oef;wifh - - - - - - - aZmfaemif - - - - - - - - acwfvla[mif; - - - - - - - w Ydk txl;aqmif;yg;? owif;ESihf wk\ uAsmrsm;/

20 3 5 4 23 6 8 37 26 18 1 13 9 40 10 31 12 15 28 29 32 34 38 33

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

arwåm0g'vTrf;rS urÇmt0ef; csrf;omMuygrn ygrnf þurÇmavmu0,f vlom;wdik ;f csr;f omcsiMf uygonf/ csr;f omatmif aqmif &Guaf y;olukd tm;vHk;u cspfcifav;pm; jrwfEdk; wwfMuygonf/ tod Ó Pf & S d a om urÇ m OD ; vl o m;wd k Y onf tBud K uf w l 0 g'pepf w pf c k u d k pwif wnfaxmifMu&mü udk,fcsif;pm arwåm0g' pepfudk pwifwnfaxmifcJhMuí touf&Snf Mu\/ tpmtm[m& pifMu,foefY&Sif;í tqif;vSMuonf/ arwåm0g'onf urÇmOD;0g' urÇm opfwnfaxmifaom 0g'jzpfcJhNyD; 0g' topfqdk;rsm; wpfzefwx D iG v f mMuNy;D usio fh ;kH vmaomf þurÇmBu;D onf bufp, kH kd ,Gi;f vmNy;D 'kp½du k rf sK;d pHk vTr;f NcKH í cRwfcsHKus ysufpD;vm&um vlYoufwrf; (10) ESpftxd qkwf,kwfvmonfhumv0,f þarwåm0g' jzihf jyefvnfxdef;odrf;ay;onhftcgrSom oufwrf;jyefvnf&Snf&onf/ xd k r Qru vl o m;wd k Y avmb? a'go? arm[uk d tajccH v mojzih f þurÇ m avmu "mwfBuD;onf rD;? a&? avaMumihf tNyD;wdkif ysufpD;csKyfNidrf;awmhrnfh tajcodkYa&mufcJh onf/ xkdtcg urÇmol urÇmom;wdkYtm; aemufqHk;u,fwifay;aom 0g'rSm þ arwåmw&m;yifjzpfaMumif; bk&m;&Siu f t*¾nokw?f puú0wdo å w k ?f ywåo&l , d okww f üYkd tus,w f 0ihf a[mjyvrf;ñTex f m;ygonf/ od k Y t wG u f vl o m;ES i h f arwå m onf xm0& ruG m paumif ; aom rl v usih f 0 wf B uD ; wpfckjzpfaeayonf/ vl o m;wd k Y ouf w rf ; qk w f , k w f a e aom acwf v l Y o uf w rf ; (100) wG i f a*gwr Ak'äy:xGef;vmcJhonf/ arwåm0g'onf oAÁnKwÓPfawmfudk rSDcdkcGihf&cJhojzihf ydkí us,fjyefYvmcJhNyD; urÇmBuD;onf Nidrf;csrf; om,mcJhygonf/ arwåm0g'onf Ak'r¨ yGirfh u D rawmufy rus,jf yefcY o hJ jzihf ,if;0g'ukd usio hf ;Hk olvel nf;pkom jA[®mjynftxd a&mufEkdifcJhonf? Ak'ÿGihfxGef;vmaomtcg edAÁmeftxd ydkYaqmifEkdifaomw&m;tjzpf jzpfwnfcJhonf/ arwåm0g'onf urÇmvlom;wdkY twGuf tajccHy"mejzpfí Nidrf;csrf;pGm twlwuG ,SOw f aJG exdik Ef idk af om0g' jzpfaMumif; vlom;wdYk ydrk o kd v d mMuonfomru urÇmt h vSwefqmtjzpfvnf; odvmonf/ pnf;½Hk;a&;? nDñGwfa&;? vufeufjzpfvmonf/ tPkjrLxufpGrf;tm;BuD;rm;aom vufeufBuD; jzpfonf/ ur®|mef; (40) wGif tygt0ifjzpf aom arwåm0g'onf orm"d&vG,fí0dyóem odkY wufvSrf;&mwGif t"du taxmuftul jyKayonf/ Ak'önf avmuDESihfruif;olwdkif; twGuf tEÅ&m,f&efvHk? bufpHkjynhf0 tcsrf;ajrUqHk; tom,mqHk;aom b0udk &&Sdap &ef arwåm0g'udk csjyay;cJhygonf/ þ0g'onf todÓPf&MdS uaom rnfonfh bmom0if rnfonfv h rl sK;d ukrd qdk tusK;d rsm;jyKaom 0g'wpfckjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf avmbrD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;rsm; awmufavmifNyD; vufeufab; iwfrGwfab;? a&ab;? rD;ab;? avab;ponfh uyfq;kd rsm; qdu k af &mufaeaom qkwu f yf umv0,f Ak'\ ¨ arwåm0g' urÇmtESHY ysHUESHU vTrf;NcHK&ef BudK;pm;oihfaeMuNyDjzpfaMumif; today;EdI;aqmfwdkufwGef;tyfygonf/ t,f ' D w m

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om

r[mowdy|meokwf(tESpfcsKyf) w&m;a'oemawmf omoemawmf E S p f 2553-ck E S p f aumZmouú & mZf 1371 ck E S p f ? oD w if ; uRwf v qef ; 10 &uf a eY r S vqef ; 14 &uf t xd &efukefwdkif;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? rkefYvkyfaqmif;ukef; awmif&yfuGuf? aZ,sokcvrf;? "r®m½kHwGif qif,ifusif;yaom nOfhOD; ,mrf "r® o bif t crf ; tem;rsm;ü "r® ' ge trw'getjzpf (5)&uf w k d i f w k d i f a [mMum;awmf r l t yf a om r[mowd y |meok w f (tES p f c sKyf ) w&m;a'oemawmfudk "r®0D&rmru "r®cspfcif olawmfpify&dowfwdkYtzdkY qnf;yl;ylaZmf tEkarm'emjyKawmfrlEdkifMuygap&eftvdkYiSm? q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf rl c J h o nh f a[muG u f r sm;twd k i f ; ? tjynf h t pH k a zmf j yay;vk d u f y gonf / ("r® 0 D & ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) orm[d w pd w f ç torm[d w pd w f tJ'D½INyD;awmh aemufbm½Ip&m &Sdao;wkef;qdkvdkY&Sd&if ]orm[d wç torm[dw} pdwf pdw-f ]orm[dw} qdw k m wpfcgwpf&H pdwu f av; [m tm½HkwpfckxJrSm pl;pdkufNyD; usoGm;w,fç pkNyD;usoGm;w,f/ orm"d qdw k m pdwaf wGtm;vH;k udk tm½Hw k pfcw k nf;ay:rSm pkomG ;atmif vkyaf y; wm? Concentrate qdkwm pkxm;wm? wpfae&mxJ pkoGm;atmifvkyfwm? ]orÜd@e&o} vdkY pmayusrf;*efxJrSm qdkw,f/ ]orÜ@de} qdkwm pkNyD; aygif;ypfvkdufwm? tm;vHk;[m OD;wnfcsuf wpfckwnf;jzpfoGm;atmif? tm½HkwpfckxJudk pkNyHKusoGm;atmif pkNyD;ay;vkdufw,f/ tJ'gudk orm"d vdkYac:wm? ]orÜd@e&o}- orÜ,kwfw&m;awGudk wpfckxJpl;pdkufusoGm; atmif pkpnf;ay;xm;wm/ t'Dvdk pkpnf;NyD;vdkY pkpnf;rI&SdoGm;wJh tm½Hk wpfckwnf;ay:rSm wpfnDwnf;oGm;wJhpdwfudk orm[dwpdwfwJh? t&yf ajym ajym&ifawmh orm"d&wJph w d af yhg/ orm"de, YJ OS w f v JG mwJph w d u f kd orm [dwpdwf? orm"duif;rJhaewJh- tm½HkwpfckxJay:rSm pkay;vdkYr&bl;ç [kda&mufoGm;vkduf 'Da&mufoGm;vkduf vGifhysHUaewJhpdwfrsdK;? tJ'gusawmh ]torm[dw} pdwf? pdwf&JUtajctaeawGudk ckvdk½Iwm/ 0d r k w å p d w f ç t0d r k w å p d w f aemufwpfcu k sawmh ]0drw k på w d çf t0drw k på w d }f - 0drw k q å w kd mu ... 'Dae&mrSm 0drkwåu trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ vGwfoGm;w,fqdkwJh 0drkwåd trsdK;rsdK;xJrSm w&m;"r®avhvmwJhyk*¾dKvfawG Mum;zl;r,f? w'*F0drkwådqdk wm &Sdw,f? w'*F0drkwådqdkwm 'DtaMumif;aMumihf 'DtckduftwefYav; vGwfoGm;wm/ qdkygpdkY- tedpövdkY jrifvkdufvdkY&Sd&if edpöqdkwJh tBuHtawG; u vGwfroGm;bl;vm;? vGwfoGm;w,f/ tJ'g tedpövdkY ½IEdkifvdkY edpöu vGwfoGm;wm/ 'ku©vdkY ½IvkdufwmeJY okcqdkwJhtawG;&Sdao;vm;? 'gvnf; vGwfoGm;wmyJ/ tewåvdkY ½IvkdufwmeJY twåqdkwJhtawG; &Sdao;vm;? 'gvnf; vGwfoGm;wmyJ/ tJ'Dvdk qdkif&mqdkif&m taMumif;uav;awG

aMumihf vGwfoGm;wmudk w'*F0drkwåd? ]awe awe ta*Fe 0drkwåd} qdkif&m qdkif&m taMumif;av;aMumifh vGwfoGm;jcif;/ odkYaomf jrefrmpum;xJrSmawmh ]w'*F} udk wpfcPvdkY t"dymÜ ,f,al eMuw,f/ w'*FeYJ wpfcPeJu Y wjcm;pDaemf/ wpfcPav; vdkY oHk;&r,fhae&mrSm w'*Fav;vdkY oHk;aeMuw,f/ w'*Fqdkwm ]awe awe ta*Fe} olYqdkif&mqdkif&m taMumif;av;eJYç 'gvkyfvkduf&if [dk[m av; vGwo f mG ;r,fayhg- 'gajymwm? qdik &f mtaMumif;aMumif;av;? Oyrm qdkygpdkY- ]emr½lyy&dapäa'e ouúm,'d|d,m y[meH}..w'*Fr[meudk zGiw hf t hJ cgrSm emrf½yk u f kd ydik ;f jcm;odjcif;jzihf ouúm,'d|u d ykd ,fw,f? ouúm ,'d|dudkz,f&Sm;NyD;oGm; jzpfoGmp;w,f/ 'gemrf½kyfudk ydkif;jcm;odjcif;qdkwJh todÓPfqw kd hJ taMumif;aMumihf ouúm,'d|u d vGwo f mG ;wm? ouúm, 'd|dudk z,f&Sm;Edkifwm/ qdik &f mqdik &f mav;awGuae z,f&mS ;oGm;wm/ Munh-f 0dyóem ÓPfpOf wufomG ;w,fqw kd m qdik &f mqkid &f mtaMumif;av;awGukd qdik &f m qdkif&mjzpfysufaewJh tajctaeawGudk z,f&Sm;oGm;vdkY 'Dvdkajymwm/ tJ'gudk w'*F0drkwådvdkYac:w,f/ 'g 0dyóemeJYywfoufwJh w'*F0drkwåd'Dvdkaemf? wpfqihfcsif; wpfqihf vGwfoGm;&wm/ aemufwpfckuawmh ]0du©rÇe0drkwåd}- 0du©rÇe0drkwåd qdkwm wm;xm;vku d w f mç z,f&mS ;xm;vku d w f mç wGe;f z,fxm;vku d w f m? wGe;f ypf vkdufw,fqdkuwnf;u vufpwHk;atmifvkyfwmawmh r[kwfbl;/ cP wGef;ypfvkdufwm? ab;udk wGef;xkwfxm;vkdkufwm? t&Sdef&Sdwkef;awmh uGmoGm;rSmyJ? NyD;awmh jyefra&mufvmbl;vm;? jyefvmOD;rSmyJ/ pmayusrf;*efrSm bmeJYOyrmay;xm;wkef;qdk&if- a&uefxJu a&jyifwpfcak y:rSm arSmn f i§ ;f arSmaf o;awGz;kH aevdYk tJ'aD rSmaf wGukd z,f&mS ; csif&if rdrdcyfwJha&tdk;eJY vIyfcyfNyD;awmh z,fvkdufvdkY&Sd&if arSmfawGu ab;a&mufroGm;bl;vm;/ a&mufoGm;wJhtcsdefav;rSmawmh arSmfav;u cPab; &SJoGm;wmayhg/ NyD;&ifjyefa&muf rvmbl;vm;? a&NidrfwmeJY jyefa&mufvmw,f/ tJ'grsKd ;udk 0dur© eÇ 0drw k v då Ykd ac:w,f/ wpfcPwGe;f

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ xkwfxm;vkdufvdkY ab;udkvGwfoGm;wmav;/ r*feyYJ ,fwmusawmh ]orkapä'0drw k }då wJ/h vH;k 0jzwfawmufypf vku d w f ,f -r&Sad wmhb;l ? aemufxyfrvmawmhb;l / ]y#dyó'¨0d rd w k }då - r*fu y,fxm;vdYk taiGUav;awG useaf ewmudk xyf&iS ;f vku d w f m/ tJ'gusawmh y#dyó'¨w d ?hJ xyfNy;D awmh Nird ;f atmifvyk w f m/ rD;udk a&eJNY ird§ ;f vku d w f t hJ cg rD;awmh r&Sb d ;l / bm&Sad o;wke;f tylaiGUav; &Sad o;w,f/ tJ'&D adS ewJt h yl av;udk xyfNyD;awmh a&eJYNi§drf;wm/ tJ'Doabmav;udk em;vnf&r,f/ r*fpw d u f udavomudk y,fvu dk w f ,f/ odaYk omf udavom&JU tylaiGUav; awG eJeu J seaf eao;w,f/ zdv k u f ae xyfNir§d ;f w,fayhg/ tJ'gudk y#dyó'¨d vdkY ajymwm/ ]edó&P0drkwåd} qdkwmuawmh tm;vHk;vGwfxGufoGm;NyD/ edAÁmefudkajymwm/ tJ'D 0drkwåd 5- rsdK;&SdwJhxJu 'DpdwåmEkyóemrSm vdktyfwJh ]0drkwåH 0g pdwåH 0drkwåH pdwåEÅd yZmemwd} qdkwJhae&mrSm w'*F0drkwådeJY 0du©rÇe0drkwåd 2- rsdK;eJY qdkifwJhpdwfyJ ,l&r,f? usefwmawG r,l&bl;/ bmjzpfvdkYwkef;qdkawmh orkapä'qdkwm r*fudkajymwm? y#dyó'¨dqdkwm zdv k u f akd jymwm? edó&Pqdw k m edAmÁ efuakd jymwm/ tJ'gawGu 0dyóem usihfpOfBuD; atmifatmifjrifjrifusihfvdkY&vmwJhtusdK;awGomjzpfw,f/ 0dyóem ½I&r,hfw&m;awG r[kwfbl;wJh/ 'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd 0drw k pdå w d -f ihgpdwaf v;[m qdik &f mqdik &f m? Oyrmedpo ö nmu vGwo f mG ;Nyv D m;ç okconmu vGwo f mG ;wmvm;ç twåynm u vGwfoGm;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk vGwfoGm;&if vGwfoGm;wJhtaetxm;av; &Sdw,fayhg/ rvGwfao;&if rvGwfao;wJh taetxm;av;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY 0drkwådpwfudk 0drkwåpdwfvdkY od? t0drkwåd- rvGwfao;wJh pdwu f kd rvGwaf o;wJph w d v f Ykd odw/hJ pdw&f UJ tajctaeav;awGukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u 16-rsdK; cGJa[mxm;wm/ pdwåmEkyóemtaeeJY ½INyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if rdrrd mS BuKH awGU&wJh taetxm;av;awG ud, k o hf EÅmefrmS jzpfwmav;awG udk ½IygwJh/ 'Dvv dk nf; oGm;ratmufarhe-YJ o&m*pdwf 0Dw&m*pdwf ½INy;D &if oa'gopdwf½I&r,f? oa'gopdwf½INyD;&if 'g 0Dwa'gopdwf? oarm[ pdw?f 0Dwarm[pdwf wpfcck si;f 'Dv½kd &I r,fvYkd ratmufarhe/YJ uk, d o fh EÅmef rS m wu,f j zpf v mwJ h taetxm;av;ud k zrf ; ½I z d k Y a jymwmaemf / ud, k o fh EÅmefrmS wu,fjzpfaewJt h cdu k u f av;awGukd ½Ijrifo;kH oyfwwfzYkd ajymwmwJ/h 'gawGukd tpOftwkid ;f vdu k ½f zI Ykd 'Dvakd jymwmr[kwb f ;l ? trSwf rrSm;aveJaY yhg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u pdwåmEkyóemqdkwmudk 0dyóemur®|mef;½I zdkYtaeeJY 0dyóemppfppftaeeJY a[mwmayhgaemf/ um,mEkyóemu orxusihfpOfvnf;ygw,f? 0dyóemusihfpOfvnf; ygw,fayhg/ pdwåm Ekyóemusawmh 0dyóemoufoufç ok'0¨ yd óem,m- edu? 0dyóem ½IzdkYtwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'DrSm pdwåmEkyóemudk a[mwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY w&m;cspfcif olawmfpiftaygif;wdkY 'DpdwåmEkyó emqdkwmudk ½IvkdufwJhtcgrSm pdwf&JUtajctaeav;awGudk odrvmbl; vm;/ owduyfvdkY odvmwJhpdwf&JUtajctaeav;awGç obm0&JU pGrf;tm;awGç obm0&JUtaetxm;awGç pdwf&JU Characteristic awGukd jrifvmNyDqdkwJhtcgusawmh ihgoEÅmefrSmjzpfwJhpdwfvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ/ olYoEÅmefrSmjzpf&ifvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ/ ihgoEÅmef olYoEÅmef b,folYoEÅmef jzpfjzpf Internalç External 'gawGtukefvHk; ½IygwJh? Munhfjrifwwfvm w,f/ tJ'D Munhjf rifwwfvmwJt h cg aemufq;kH pdwq f w kd t hJ m½Hu k av; ay:rSmyJ owdav;[m uyfomG ;w,f/ 'djyifukd ra&mufawmhb;l / pdwq f kd

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) omEk o mraP& 0w¦ K Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfonf om0w¦jd ynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg tusihfoDv 0wfBuD;0wfi,fESihf jynhfpkHaom omEkomraPonf rdrdjyKorQukokdvfukd (w&m; a[mwkdif;) trd t b &ygapownf ; [k trQa0\/ tjcm;rJ h a omb0u omEkomraP \ trdjzpfzl;aom bDvl;ronf om"k? om"k ac:í omraPukd Munh½f aI pmifr\/ xkb d v D ;l ronf bDv;l tpnf;ta0;ü omEkomraP\r,fawmf[k xif&Sm;í xrif;OD;? a&OD;ukd pm;&\/ omraPonf wpf&Ha&mtcg umr0dwuf ESdyfpufonfjzpfí vlxGuftHh[k rdrdtdrfokdYvm\/ bDvl;rvnf; omraP\tBuH ukdodí omraPukdyl;í ESdyfpufn§if;qJvsuf Ncdrf;ajcmuf\/ omraPonf owd&í umr0dwufukd y,f azsmufí yÍÆif;cHNyD; aomf bk & m;txH o d k Y o G m ;í taMumif ; ud k a vQmuf & mwG i f pdwfrnfonfum; txl;xl;aomtm½kHü usufpm;\/ pdwfukdrESdyf puf (rqk;H r)aomoltm; csr;f omrnfonfr&Sd [k rdeaYf wmfrí l ]]£'H yka& pdwårp&d pm&duH}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ omEk yÍÆi;f i,fEiS w fh uGrsm;pGmaomewfwo Ykd nfaomwmyefwnfavuke\ f / £'H yka& pdwårpm&d pm&duH? a,edpäuH ,w¦umrH ,xmokcH/ w'ZÆ[H ed*¾a[ómrd a,medaom? [w¦dyÜbdEé0d, tukFo*¾a[m/ jref r muAsm a&SUtcgu b0rsm;pGm? þpdwfBuKduf tvkdufoihfpGm? tm½kHusufpm; ajy;oGm;cJhwm? ,aeYpdwf csKd;ESdyfqifjcifyg/ rkef,pfqiftm; ESdrfxm;cgcg? cRef;ukdifxm; qifrsm;xdef;okdYom/ Formerly this mind went wander- ing where it liked, as it wished, as it listed; today with attentiveness I shall completely hold it in check, as a mahout a rut-elephant.

pum;ajy/ / a&SUa&SUb0rsm;pGmu þpdwfonf vkd&mtm½kHukd vk d u f p m;vsuf tvd k & S d w k d i f ; BuKd u f E S p f o uf & mtm½k H u k d vSnhfvnfusufpm; cJhvSavNyD/ (cRef;ukdifxm; aom) qifxdef;onf rkef,pfaomqifukd ESdrfxm;ouJhodkY ,aeY igonf owdw&m;ESihf qifjcifNyD; ihgpdwfukd ESdrfeif;rIjyKawmhtHh/ wJh tm½Hak v;ay:rSmyJ owdav;[m uyfNy;D awmhwnfomG ;w,f/ tJ'v D kd owdav;uyfwnfwmbmwke;f qd&k if pdw&f UJ obm0udk odaezdeYk YJ pdwaf wG &JU obm0udk trSw&f aezdt Yk wGuo f mjzpfw,f/ tJ'gudk pmay rSm ],m0 a'0 ÓPrwåm, y#dówdrwåm,} vdYk bk&m;u a[mwm/ ]ÓPrwåm ,} todÓPfqw kd hJ twkid ;f twmav;wpfct k wGuo f m ]owd ypöKy|dwm}

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

wpfaeYwmppfwrf;(1) rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® Z mwd u "Z)

(u) puúefY..? rdepf..? em&D..? aeYjzpf njzpf? vjzpf? ESpfjzpf/ NyD;awmh ESpfawGaygif;NyD; ]ESpfaygif;b,favmufMumNyD}? ]toufb,f avmuff&SdNyD} ajymMuonf/ vlawGu ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmausmfjzwf jcif;ukd b0c&D;[k ajymMuonf/ b0[lonf jzpfjcif;? jzpfjcif;xJwGif ysufjcif;vnf; yg0if vsuf&Sdonf/ OyÜg'ç XDwdç b*F0aoe cPwå,H {updwå u©PH emr- Oyg'fç XDç bif (jzpfç wnfç

ysuf) [laom cPi,fokH;csufonf pdwåu©P wpfckjzpf\/ pdwfuav;wpfck jzpfay:jcif; jzpf \ / wmed ye owå&o pdwåu©Pmed ½ly"r®me rm,l(tbd"r®wo ¦ *F[) ,if;onfh pdwåu©Pav;aygif; 17 Budrf tcsdefumvonf ½kyfoufwpfckjzpf\/ qkv d o dk nfrmS ½kyjf zpfpOfxuf pdwjf zpf pOfu jrefjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdonhf pdwfuav; aygif; wpfaeYwpfaeYrmS rnfrQjzpfay:ajymif;vJ aeonfukd rSef;qMunhfEdkifonf/ pdwfjzpfpOfu jrefvGef;aeawmh jzpfaejcif;? ysufoGm;jcif;ukd rjrifEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ vQifjrefpGm jzpfysuf ajymif;vJoGm;aeaomaMumihfvnf; bmrQrjzpf bJ rajymif;vJbJ onftwkdif; onftwdkif;yif xifMu&onf/ (c) wpfrkd;aomufNyD; wpfae0if? wpfae xG u f a omf aemuf w pf & uf a &muf ? vl w d k Y

owd[m &yfaew,fw?hJ pdwu f av;&Sw d ,fqw kd t hJ ay:rSm &yfwnfaew,f? ]y#dówdrwåm,} wu,f xifxif&mS ;&Sm; trSwx f m;aewJh owduav; &SdzdkY twkdif;twmtwGufom &yfwnfaewmjzpfw,fwJh/ b,favmuf xdatmif tqifhjrihfovJqdk&if pdwfeJYywfoufvmvdkY&Sd&if ]ork',"r®} jzpfwJhoabmudkvnf; jrifvkdufw,f? ]0,"r®} aysmufoGm;wJhoabmudk vnf; jrifw,f/ jzpfrIysufrIESpfckpvHk;udkvnf; jrifw,fwJh? 0dyóem ÓPftqifhqihf jzpfoGm;yHkudkajymwmaemf/ 'DtajccHudk ajymvkdufwmeJYwpfNydKifeuf aemufqHk;tqihfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u ajymw,f- ]]tedódawm p 0d[&wd}}- pdwfuav;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh wPSmtawG;awGç 'd|dtjrifawG &Sdao;vm;¿ r&dSbl;/ wPSmtawG;ay:vnf; rrSaD wmhb;l / 'd|t d jrifay:rSmvnf;yJ ,SOw f rJG u DS yf aewm r&Sdawmhbl;/ tJ'Dvdk wPSmtawG; 'd|dtjrifawGuif;pifoGm;NyD qdw k t hJ cg ]e p avmau udÍdö Oyg'd,wd} avmuBu;D rSm &So d rQt&mawG (odrYk [kw)f a[m'D pdwq å w kd hJ avmutay:rSm wG,w f mrItpGt J vrf;awG wpfckrSr&Sdbl;/ avmuBuD;rSm wG,fwmaevdkY&Sd&ifolu ylyefw,f? aMumihMf uw,fqw kd hJ tukov kd q f ufvmw,f? rwG,w f mbl;qd&k if 'gawG r&Sdawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY oH,kwfygVdawmfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm;wm av ]Oyg'g y&dwóem} wJh twG,&f &dS if twG,&f adS eorQ ylyefawmifw h aerSmyJ/ ]tEkyg'g ty&dwóem} rylyefbl; twG,fr&Sdbl; qdkvdkY&Sd&if vnf; ylyefrIr&Sdawmhbl;wJh/ avmurSm vlawG pdwfylw,f pdwfylw,f ajymaewm twG,f&SdvdkY ylaewm/ 'ghaMumifhrdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]e p

owfrSwf xm;onhf aeY&ufrsm;yifjzpfpOfþuJo h Ykd &ufaygif;? aeYaygif;? naygif; rsm;pGm jzwfoef;ae&jcif;ukd b0c&D;[k qkd&ay &m b0c&D;ukd wpfaeYcsif; wpfaeYcsif;yif csOf;eif;jzwfoef; avQmufvSrf;ae&ayNyD/ aumif;NyD/ wpfaeYwmc&D;ukd b,fvkdjzwfoef; ae Muoenf;/ wpfrkd;aomuf wpfae0ifNyD;aemuf aemufwpfaeYra&mufrD tdyfpufem;aejcif;ukd jyKMu&avonf/ nonf vlom;wdt Yk wGuf em;aetdyf puf&ef? okdY&mwGif ntcsdefrsm;ukdyg rtdyfpuf EkdifbJ tem;r,lEkdifMubJ tvkyfvkyfaeMu&ol awGvnf; &Sdayonf/ wpfcsKdUrSmrl aeYESihfn ajymif;jyefjzpfum nrSm tvkyfvkyf? aeYwGifrl tem;,l&olawGvnf; &Sdavonf/ ouf&Sd avmuwGif vlawGomru wd&pämefrsm;onf vnf; nwGif tdypf ufrrI jyKEidk b f J tpm&SmxGuf pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y

avmau udÍöd Oyg'd,wd} avmuBuD;rSm b,ftm½HkudkrS wPSmtjrif 'd|dtjrifawGeJY rMunfbl;? Oyg'gefawGu vHk;0uif;jywfoGm;ygw,f/ twG,ftwmr&Sdbl;qdk&if vGwfajrmufoGm;NyDayhg/ ]tEkyg'g0darmu©} wG,fwmrIuif;vdkY vGwfoGm;w,f/ vGwo f mG ;w,fqw kd m wcsKd Uu aMumufaumif;aMumufvrd rfh ,f? vGwfoGm;NyDqdk&if ihgrdwfaqGawGeJY igb,fvdkae&yhg? ihgom;orD;awG b,fvdkxm;&ygh? ihgypönf;awG b,fvdkae&ygheJY jzpfaumif;jzpfvdrhfr,f/ vGwfoGm;w,fqdkwm om;orD;awGuawmh &SdaerSmyJ? ypönf;awGvnf; &Sad erSmyJ? vGwo f mG ;w,fqw kd m wG,w f mrIvw G o f mG ;wmudk ajymwmaemf/ wG,w f mrIvw G o f mG ;&if b,favmufaevdx Yk ikd v f aYkd umif;oGm;rvJ/ aevdYk xkdifvdkY raumif;wmu wG,fwmrIawGaMumifh jzpfaewmudk;/ rwG,fwm vnf; twlaevdkY&aewmyJ/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY wG,fwmrIqdkwJh tifrwefylavmifapwwfwJh obm0w&m;awGukd z,f&Sm;ypfEdkifzdkY&mtwGuf pdwåvdkYqdkwJh rdrd&JUtod pdwaf v;ay:rSm owduyfNy;D todÓPfet YJ xyfxyf½jI rifo;kH oyfvu dk rf ,f qdk&if obm0w&m;awGudk odjrifNyD; twG,ftwmawGtm;vHk;u uif;jywfoGm;Edkifw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mawmfrlwm/ 'Denf;vrf; twkdif; avhusihfvkdufr,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if atmifatmifjrifjrifeJY aemufqHk; twG,ftwmuif;jywfNyD; vGwfajrmufwJhedAÁmefcsrf;omudk udk,fpDudk,fiS rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMurSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY w&m;cspfcif olawmfpif y&dowftaygif;wdYk ud, k pf u D , kd if S pdwmå Ekyóemusipfh Ofjzihf edAmÁ efw&m; udk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMuygap/ ]]om"k . .. om"k . ..om"k } }

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

opöm&Sir f av; b'´g

&S i f Ó P(zsmyk H )

jrwfpGmbk&m; om0w¦djynf? aZw0ef ausmif;awmfü udef;atmif;arGUavsmfpHaeawmf rlpOftcgu jzpf\/ udrdvjynfü ol<u,fom; jzpfol a&m[uonf uH uH\tusK;d ESifh &wem okH;yg;wdkY\*kPfukd ,kHMunfoljzpf&m bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemjrwfokH;yg;ukd ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfvsufaeolenf;wl oDvtusihfESihf vnf; jynhfpkHavonf/ a&m[uenf ; wl tjcm;ol < u,f wpfOD;\orD; b'´gonfvnf; udrdvjynfwGif xif&Sm;aom trsKd;orD;uav;wpfa,mufjzpf \/ b'´gonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem ok;H yg;ukd qnf;uyfu;dk uG,o f uJo h Ydk oDvtusifh ES i h f v nf ; jynh f p k H o l r d e f ; racsmav;jzpf \ / a&m[u\ rdbESpfyg;u b'´gukd olwdkY\om; a&m[uESifh xdr;f jrm;vufxyfay;&efoabmwl Mu\/ þod k Y j zih f tcsd e f t cgapmih f p m;&if ; aevmcJh&m b'´gESihf a&m[uwdkY tcsdeftcg usa&mufonfESihf ESpfzufrdbrsm;u vufxyf xdrf;jrm;ay;cJhMuavonf/ a&m[uESihfb'´gwdkYonf ZeD;armifESH b0a&mufonht f csed rf pS í oihjf rwfnñ D w T Mf u ojzihf olwdkYtdrfaxmifa&;rSm omom,m,m ES i h f trsm;\csD ; usL;jcif ; cH M u&avonf / ol < u,f orD ; av; b'´ g \*k P f o wif ; rS m ud r d v jynf w G i f xif & S m ;ausmf a pmcJ h \ / xk d p Of u mvrS m yif &S i f r [marm*¾ v mef E S i h f &Sifom&dykwå&mwdkYonf aemufygwynhf&[ef; ig;&mpD E S i h f t wl a'opm&D vS n h f v nf & if ; udrdvjynfokdY a&muf&SdawmfrlvmMu\/ t*¾om0urax&fESpfyg;ESihf wynhf rsm; udrv d jynfoaYkd &muf&v dS maMumif; Mum;od&

vQif ZeD;armifEEHS pS Of ;D rSm 0rf;ajrmuf&iT v f ef;aom pdwfjzihf oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmfNyD; aemufaeYeHeuf ol w d k Y \ aetd r f o d k Y qG r f ; pm;<ua&muf y g&ef yifhavQmufav\/ aemufaeYwGif t*¾om0u ESpfyg;ESihf tNcHt&HoHCmwpfaxmifwdkYtm; rGejf rwfaom cJz, G af bmZOfwjYkd zihf jyKpv k yk af uR; MuNy;D aomf a&m[uESib fh '´gwdYk ZeD;armifEo HS nf o&P*kEH iS w fh uG ig;yg;oDvcH,Ml uNy;D &Sio f m&d ykw&å ma[mMum;aom tqk;H trw&m;ukd em,l Muonf/ a&m[u\ ZeD;ol<u,frav; b'´g um; (8)&ufOykof? (14)&ufOykofESihf (15)&uf OykofoDvukdvnf; tNrJaqmufwnfusihfokH; onf/ odkYjzpfí ol<u,frav;b'´grSm oDvukd txl;av;pm; wefzkd;xm;wwfaom olawmf aumif ; rav;tjzpf xif & S m ;ausmf M um;av onf/ ]0daooawm? oDvpm& orÜEém.. ta[mod? om- xkdb'´gonf? 0daooawmcifyGef;jzpfolxuf txl;tm;jzihf? oDvpm& orÜ E é m - oD v tusih f E S i h f jynh f p k H j cif ; onf ? ta[mod- jzpfay\} ol<u,frav; b'´gonf xkduJhodkY oDvtusihfESihf jynhfpkHjcif;aMumihf ewftaygif; wdkYu olrukd tpOfoem;cspfcifMuukef\/ ewf wdkY\ oem;cspfcifrIukd &&SdcJhaomaMumifhyif olrtm; pGyfpGJajymqkdonhf umarokrdpämpm& trIrS uif;vGwfcJhavonf/ b'´g umarokrdpämpm&uHESihf pGyfpGJ ajymqkdcH&ykHrSm a&m[uonf ukefa&mif;ukef 0,fvkyfief;jzihf wuúodkvfjynfodYk oGm;a&muf aepOf b'´grSm udrdvjynfü usef&pfaecJh\/ olronf ESppf Ofusi;f yavh&adS om eu©wo f bif yGJaeYodkY a&mufaomtcg taygif;tazmfrsm;u wdkufwGef;í eu©wfyGJobifupm;vkdaompdwf jzpf a y:vm\/ ol r \pd w f q E´ u k d o d o jzih f tdrfapmihfewfu ol<u,frav;b'´gukd olr\ cifyeG ;f &S&d m wuúov dk jf ynfoYkd ewfwt Ykd mEkabmf jzihf ydkYvkdufavonf/ wuúodkvfjynfa&mufvQif ol<u,f rav; b'´gESicfh ifyeG ;f onfa&m[uwdYk aysmaf ysmf

&Tif&Tif aexkdifaygif;oif;Muavonf/ xkduJhodkY aexkdifMu&mrS b'´g&ifü y#doaE¨pGJaomtcg tdraf pmihef wfu b'´gukd udrv d aetdro f Ykd wefc;dk jzihf jyefvnfydkYaqmifvdkuf\/ udrdvaetdrfodkY jyefa&mufaomf aeY&ufwdkYMumvmonfESihftrQ ukd,f0efrSm xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmawmhonf/ cifyeG ;f jzpfol c&D;oGm;aepOf uk, d 0f ef &&Sv d maomaMumihf a,mu©rESifh aqGrsK;d tokid ;f t0k d i f ; u b'´ g uk d ]]b'´ g [m cif y G e f ; vif ta&mif ; t0,f o G m ;aewk e f ; wpf y g;aom a,musf m ;eJ Y azmuf j yef u sL;vG e f w ,f } } [k ajymqkdMu\/ xkdtcg b'´guvnf;]]ig[m igh v if a &m[urS w pf y g; wpfjcm;aoma,musfm;eJY ukd,fjzihfusL;vGef&ef a0;pG? pdwef aYJ wmifrjypfrmS ;bl;}} [kom jyefvnf ajymMum;vkdufonf/ odkYaomf cifyGef;onf c&D; oGm;cku d f uk, d 0f efay:vmojzihf b'´g\pum;ukd aqGrsKd;rsm;u r,kHMunfMuacs/ rSefuefpGm ajymMum;aom ol<u,f oDwif;onfrav;b'´g\pum;ukd udrdv&Sd cifyGef;onfaqGrsKd;rsm;ESihf NrKdUolNrKdUom;rsm;u r,kMH unfMujcif;aMumihf b'´gukd cspjf rwfE;dk aom jrpfapmihfewfonf ol\wefckd;jzihf udrdvNrKdU tvkH;ukd a&zkH;vTrf;ypfrnhfykHrsKd;jzihf a&rsm; urf;ay:wufvmaponf/ rBuKHpzl; xl;uJpGm jzihf NrKUd tvk;H odYk a&rsm;wufvmí NrKUd olNrKUd om; rsm; wkefvIyfajcmufcsm;aepOf ol<u,frav; b'´gonf udrdvjynfoljynfom;taygif;ukd ]ighopöm\tmEkabmfjzihf u,frrnf} [k BupH nf vsuf]]tu,fvdkY ig[m ighvifrSwpfyg; tjcm;a,musfm;eJY umarokrdpämpm& trIukd jyKwmrSefygu ighrSm tausmfapmrJh vTrf;rkd;rIcH& ovkd **Fgjrpfa&[mvnf; udrdvjynftvkH;ukd vTrf;rkd;jcif;jzpfygap? umarokrdpämp&mtrIukd igrjyKwm rSeyf gu ightm; r[kwrf rSeaf om tausmt f apm rJah b;rS vGwaf jrmuf&ovkd udrv d jynftvk;H ukd zkH;vTrf;r,fh a&tvsif[m avsmusaysmufys,f ygapom;}} [k opömt"d|mefjyKvu dk \ f / ol<u,f rav;b'´g opömqkdvkdufonfESihf **Fgjrpfa& tvsifonf wrk[kwfjcif; usqif;oGm;av awmhonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

ol<u,frav; b'´g\ opömwnfru I dk odvdkufMu&aom udrdvNrKdUolNrKdUom;rsm;ESihf a,mu© r aqG r sKd ; rsm;onf b'´ g tm; ,kHMunfoGm;MuNyD; ]b'´gonf oDvopömESihf jynfhpkHaom rdef;rjrwf rdef;raumif;jzpfonf}} [laom *kPfowif;rSm ykdíxif&Sm;oGm;cJhawmh onf/ ukefa&mif;ukef0,foGm;&mrS cifyGef; jyefa&mufvmaomtcg olr&Spd Of azmufjym;í uk, d 0f ef,&l onf[k oHo,pdw0f ifum b'´gukd pdppfar;jref;vsuf tjypf&Smjyef\/ xkdtcg b'´gu]]oifeJYig wuúodkvfjynfrSm eu©wf obif y G J upm;pOf u igh t m; oif a y;cJ h w J h vufpGyfav 'DrSmMunhfygOD;}} [k ajym&if; vufpGyfukd jyvdkufawmhrS a&m[u eu©wf obifupm;aomnutjzpfukd owd&oGm;NyD; b'´ g tay: txif r S m ;rI u k d awmif ; yef u m toufxufq;Hk cspjf rwfE;dk pGm aygif;azmfaexkid f cJMh uavonf/ ZeD;armifEw HS Ykd toufwrf;ESiu fh H ukefMuaomtcg wm0wd HomewfjynfwGif ewforD;jzpfav\/ xkdtcsdefrSmyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vnf; om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfrS wm0wd HomewfjynfodkY <ua&mufNyD; yifv,f uopfyif&if;ü oDwif;okH;aeawmfrlpOf b'´g onf uk, d af &mifu, dk 0f g awmufypGmESifh jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; vma&mufum zl;ajrmf\/ xkdtcg jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]uk, d af &mift0g wifw h ,fpmG eJY rdrdtm; vma&mufum &Sdckd;aom ewforD; oifum; tb,folvJ}} ]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGm bk&m;? tuREkfyfum; a&S;b0 vljzpfpOfu udrv d jynf0,f b'´gtrnf&adS om Oygodumr jzpf y g w,f b k & m;}} [k ewf o rD ; u avQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u]]tb,faumif;rIaMumihf 'Dewfjynf ukd a&muf&wmvJ}} ]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlvSaombk&m;? tuREkfyfum; t&Sifbk&m;&JUtqkH;trtwdkif; emcHNyD; oDvudk rusKd;raygufatmif apmihf a&SmufcJhzl;aomaumif;rIaMumihf wm0wd Hom ewfjynfukd a&mufvm&wmjzpfygw,f t&Sif jrwfbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;av&m ewforD; pum;qkH;aomf jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]om"k- aumif; aypG} [k rdefYMum;awmfrlvkdufavownf;/ ]oAÁZeyd,wm? umarokrdpämpm&m a0&rPd,m zvH..}

]]oAÁZeyd,wm- cyfodrf;aom vl taygif;wdkY\ cspfjrwfEkd;tyfaomtjzpfonf? umarokrdpämpm&m a0&rPd,m- umarok rdpämpm&uHukd a&SmifMuOfjcif;\? zvH- tusKd; jzpfayownf;}} ol<u,frav; b'´guJo h Ykd aumif;usK;d csrf;omukd vkdvm;ol? vltaygif;wdkY\ cspfcif jrwfEkd;jcif;ukdtvdk&SdaomolwdkYonf raumif;rI jyK&rnfukd aMumuf&GHUMuukefvsuf umarok rdpämpm&? twdpm&trIukd a0;pGm a&SmifMuOf Mu&ayonf/ &S i f Ó P (zsmyk H ) usrf ; uk d ; ck'´uygX? t|uxm/ pmrsuf E S m 6 rS Mu&onf/ ouf&Sdowå0gwdkif; 0rf;a&;udpöukd ajz&Sif;Mu&avonf/ cE¨mukd,f&&Sdxm;Muolwdkif; 0rf;a&; udpu ö dk aeYpOfajz&Si;f aeMu&onf/ wpfaeYvnf; r[kwf? wpfvvnf; ru? ESpfy&dapä'rsm;pGm? cE¨ m uk d , f j zpf w nf a eorQ umvywf v k H ; vl Y b 0wG i f &S i f o ef a eorQ umvywf v k H ; BuKH ; ½k e f ; ajz&S i f ; aeMu&avonf / tpm tm[m&twGuf 0rf;a&;udpörSm &Snfvsm; us,fajymvSojzihf yifv,fork'´&m BuD;ESihf wifpm;um ]ork'´&m 0rf;wpfxGm} [k ajymMu jcif;jzpfonf/ (*) 0rf ; a&;ud p ö ajz&S i f ; Mu&if ; wpfaeYwm ukeaf ysmufum tdypf uftem;,l&ef ntcsd e f a&muf a omtcg wpf a eY w m\ jzwfoef;rIukd rSwfwrf;xkwfMunhfoifhonf/ 'DuaeY igbmawGvyk cf o hJ vJ..[lí? rdrdtwGuf bmawGvkyfovJ? rdom;pktwGuf bmawGvkyfovJ? y&[dw ac: &yfa&;&Gma&;? vlrIa&; udpö igbmaqmif&Gufay;ovJ? trsKd ; bmom omoemtwG u f igbmawGvyk af y;Ekid o f vJ? ih g b0 oH o &mc&D ; twG u f a &m bmawG v k y f a eovJ pojzih f ]wpf a eY w m &Sif;wrf;rSwfwrf;} xkwfoihfayonf/ rk d ; aomuf c grS a&muf v mOD ; rnh f eufjzeftwGuf BuKdwifrpOf;pm;ao;rD? ,aeY udpöukd pOf;pm;MunhfEkdif\/ ukokdvf&ovm;? ynm&ovm;? Opöm&ovm;? ,aeY igonf rnf o nh f u k o k d v f

aumif;rIukd jyKcJhoenf;/ ]uk o d k v f } qk d w m tjypf r &S d j cif ; ? aumif;usKd;csrf;omtjzmjzmukd ay;pGrf;Ekdifjcif; oabmvu©Pm&Sdonf/ ukodkvfxJrSm tvSL'gejyKjcif;vnf; ygonf/ ukd,fusihfoDv apmihfxdef;jcif;vnf; ygonf/ w&m;bm0em yGm;rsm;jcif;vnf; yg onf/ tESpfcsKyfvkdufvQifum; 'ge? oDv? bm0emw&m; þokH;yg;yifwnf;/ b,fot Yl m; bmawGpeG BYf uv J u dk o f vJ? qGrf;avmif;jcif;? tvSLcHxnhfjcif;? bk&m;&Sif tm; qGrf;? yef;? a&csrf;? qDrD;ylaZmfuyfvSLjcif;? ponf/ 'geonf t&mus,fonf/ jyKvkyf&ef vnf; vG,fulonf/ odkYaomf pdwfxm;wwf zkaYd wmhvo kd nf/ ypön;f 0w¦K enf;rsm;r[l vSL'gef; Mu&mwGif tvSL0w¦Kypönf;ukd pGefYovdk ypönf; 0w¦Ktay: wG,fwmuyfNidaeaom wPSmukd vnf; pGefYcGmívSL&rnf/ odkYrSmom pGefYvTwfvSL jcif; ajrmufEkdifayonf/ £'H ar yknH edAÁmeó ypöa,m a[mwktuREkfyf\ þukodkvfaumif;rIonf cE¨m'ku© Zmwford ;f csKyNf ird ;f &mtrSef jrwfeAd mÁ ef tm; taxmuftyHhjzpfygapom;/ ]]'ku©Zmwfodrf;? Nidrf;&mtrSef? edAÁmef &nfrSef;? vSL'gef;yg\}} [k qkyef&rnf/ (C) oDvwGif ig;yg;oDvtajccHaom ukd,fusihfoDvrsm; yg0if\/ tdyf&m0if qifjcif &mwGifig ,aeY olYtowf (wd&pämef) ukd owfrdwm&Sdovm;/ ck d ; ,l r d w m? rw&m;,l r d w m? rod atmif ]bwf} rdwm&So d vm;? tkyx f ed ;f ol&adS om olwpfyg; orD;om;? ZeD;r,m;? cifyGef;rsm;ukd apmfum;usL;vGefrI uif;&Sif;&JUvm;/ ig 'DaeY b,fESpfcg vdrfnmajymrd obJ? rkom0g'ac: vdrfnmajymqkdrI a&;om; jzefYcsDrI uif;&Sif;&JUvm;/ ao&nfao&ufudpö uif;&Sif;&JUvm;? rl;,pfaq;0g; ok;H pGrJ o d vm; ponfjzihf ppfwrf; xkwfMunhfoihfonf/ bm0emudpöwGif orxbm0emESihf 0dyóembm0em[lí bm0em (2)rsKd;&Sd\/ (quf & ef )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

a*gwrAk'¨ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r® jyóemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)

Ak'¨a*gwrESihf a&mZmrv’ r if ; om; jrwf p G m bk & m;onf &[ef ; awmf (1250)ESihf twla'opm&D <uawmfrl&mwGif ukodem½HkjynfodkY a&muf&Sdawmfrlonf/ ukodem½Hkjynfae rv’rif;wdkYonf bk&m;&Si<f uvmawmfral om owif;udMk um;&í ]bk&m;&Siftm; c&D;OD;BudKqdkjcif;udk rjyKot l m; 'PfaiGig;&mjzpfap} [k uwdu0wf jyKMuonf/ xdktcg a&mZtrnf&Sdaom rv’rif; onf t&SiftmeE´m\ taqGcifyGef;jzpfonf/ a&mZrv’rif;onf rv’mrif;wdkYESihftwl bk&m; &SiEf iS fh oHCmawmfrsm;udk c&D;OD;BuKd q&dk if; twl ygvmonf/ BuKd q{kd nhcf aH e&mcsxm;Ny;D aom tcg a&mZrv’rif;onf t&Sit f meE´mxHoYkd csO;f uyf vmNyD; &Sdcdk;um wpfae&müxdkifaeonf/ ]]igY & S i f a &mZ oif \ jrwf p G m bk & m;tm; c&D ; OD ; Bud K qd k j cif ; onf aumif ; jrwf \ }} [k t&S i f tmeE´ m u EIwq f ufred MYf um;onf/ ]]t&S i f b k & m;tmeE´ m uREf k y f o nf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmü rsm;pGmrjrwfE;kd yg? taqG trsK;d jzpfaom rv’rif;wdu Yk bk&m;&Sit f m; rBuKd rqdkoltm; ig;&m'Pf&mjzpfap[k uwdu0wf jyKxm;í uREfkyfonf aqGrsKd;wdkY\ 'Pfudk aMumufaomaMumihf bk&m;&Sifudk vma&muf BudKqdkjcif;jyKyg\}} xdktcg t&SiftmeE´m\ pdwfxJwGif ]]tb,faMumihf a&mZrv’rif;onf þodkY qdkbdygoenf;}} [k ESvHk;romr,mjzpfrdavonf/ xdktcg t&SiftmeE´monf jrwfpGm bk&m;xHodkY csOf;uyfí &Sdcdk;um ]]t&Sifbk&m; þa&mZrv’rif;onf

ausmfapmxif&Sm;olygwnf;? þodkY oabm&Sd aomolw\ Ykd omoemawmfü MunfnKd jcif;onf rsm;aom tusKd;&Sdyg\? t&Sifbk&m; awmif;yef yg\/ a&mZrv’rif;udk omoemawmfü MunfnKd ap&efjyKay;awmfrlygbk&m;}} [kavQmufxm;onf/ ]]tmeE´m a&mZrv’i;f udk þomoem 0,f MunfndKap&mü cJ,Of;rnfr[kwfyg}} bk&m;&Sifu þodkYrdefYMum;NyD;vQif a&mZrv’ r if ; ud k arwå m pd w f j zef Y a 0NyD ; vQif ae&mrSxí ausmif;awmfodkY 0ifawmfrlonf/ a&mZrv’ r if ; onf bk & m;&S i f \ arwåm"mwfawGUxdrNd y?D EdpYk EYkd mG ;ri,fu EGm;rBu;D udk &SmouJhodkY ausmif;wpfckrS ausmif;wpfck y&0kPw f pfcrk S y&0kPw f pfco k Ykd csO;f uyfNy;D vQif &[ef;wdkYudk ]]t&Sib f &k m;wdYk ,cktcg ylaZmftxl; udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom bk&m;&Sifonf tb,f t&yfüaeygoenf;? uREfkyfonf bk&m;&Sifudk zl;ajrmfjcif;iSm tvkd&Sdyg\}} [k ar;avQmuf onf/ ]]igY&Sif a&mZ wH;cg;ydwfxm;aom þausmif;odkY wdwfqdwfpGm csOf;uyfNyD;aemuf rkcfOD;odkY ajz;n§if;pGm 0ifíacsmif;[efYNyD;vQif wHcg;wnf&Sd&m tv,füacgufygavmh bk&m; &Sifonf oihftm; wHcg;zGihfay;vdrhfrnf/ a&mZrv’rif;onf xd&k [ef; vrf;ñTef onfhtwdkif; aqmif&Guf&m bk&m;&Sifu wHcg; udk zGihfay;awmfrlonf/ a&mZrv’rif;onf ausmif;cef;twGif;0ifí bk&m;&Sifudk &Sdcdk;um oihf&m wpfae&müxdkifavonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf a&mZrv’rif;tm; 'geuxm? oDvuxm? o*¾uxm? r*¾uxm paom w&m;tpDtpOftwdkif; a[mjyawmfrl &m a&mZrv’rif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m; omoem ü &J&ihfonfhtjzpfodkY a&mufí bk&m;&SifrS wpf y g; tjcm;tm;ud k ; xd k u f o l r&S d j zpf í bk&m;&Sifudk ]t&Sifbk&m; awmif;yefyg\? t&Sif wdkYonf uREfkyf\ qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;?

ypönf;av;yg;udkom cH,lawmfrlyg? tjcm;olwdkY \ qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq; cH,lawmfrrlyg ukev f ih}f [k avQmufxm;onf/ ]a&mZ tMuifow l o Ykd nf aou©y*k Kd¾ vf wdkY\ Opömjzpfaom ÓPf? aou©yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ Opömjzpfaom jrifjcif;jzpfoihu f o hJ Ydk opömav;yg; w&m;udjk riftyf\/ xdo k w l t Ykd m;vnf; t&Siw f Ykd onf uREfkyfwdkY\ ypönf;av;yg;wdkYudkom cH,l awmfru l ek &f m\/ wpfyg;aom olwo Ykd nf uREykf f wdkY\ ypönf;av;yg;wdkYudk cH,lawmfrrlygukefrl aumif ; avpG [k tBuH j zpf w wf \ / a&mZ xdkYaMumihf oif\vnf;aumif;? wpfyg;olwdkY\ vnf;aumi;f ypönf;av;yg; tm*HkaqmifwdkYudk cH,lukefvwHh} [k rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/ xdt k cg ukoed m½Hjk ynfü rGejf rwfaom qGrf;wdkY\ tvSnhftpOfudk wnfxm;Muonf/ xdktcg qGrf;auR;tvSnhfudk r&aom rv’rif; tm; ]igonf qGrf;pm;Z&yfudk MunhftHh? qGr;f pm;Z&yfü rjrifaom 0w¬Kypön;f wdu Yk kd pD&if &rl aumif;avpGmh} [k tBuHjzpfavonf/ xdkYaemuf a&mZrv’rif;onf qGrf; pm; Z&yfudk oGm;a&mufavhvmMunhfaomf [if;&GuEf iS fh rkecYf zJ , G Ef pS cf ak om 0w¬Kwu Ykd kd rjrif ay/ xd k t cg a&mZrv’ r if ; onf &SiftmeE´mxHodkY csOf;uyfí ]t&S i f b k & m; tmeE´ m qG r f ; auR; tvSnu fh kd r&aom uREykf t f m; igonf qGr;f pm; Z&yfudk oGm;MunhfNyD; rygaom ypönf;0w¬Kudk pD&ifí vSL&eftBuHjzpfNyD; oGm;a&mufMunhf½Iyg onf/ xdkqGrf;pm;Z&yfü [if;&GufESihf rkefYcJzG,f udk rawGUyg? tu,fí uREfkyfonf xdk[if;&Guf ESihf rkefYcJzG,fwdkYudk pD&ifí ,lcJhjim;tHh jrwfpGm bk&m;onf vufcHygrnfavm} [k avQmuf xm;onf/ pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

,cif t ywf r S t quf tEkyd, o&ufawmwGif ckepf&ufMumoGm; tyd k i f ; (4) onf/ vG w f a jrmuf r I t wG u f tjyif ; xef q k H ; Ad r Á d o m&bk & if \ pl ; prf ; rI tusih f r sm; wpfaeY qGrf;cH&if; &mZN*Kd[fNrKdUwGif; ('k u ú & p&d , m) od0Yk ifro d nf/ &aoh&[ef;wdaYk ygrsm;aom acwf vG w f v yf a omb0 umvjzpf\/ tavmif;awmf&[ef;um; tjcm; ,cktcg jrwfAk'¨avmif;vsmonf &[ef;rsm;ESihfrwl xl;jcm;\/ Oy"dt*Fgtm;jzihf taemfrmjrpfurf;wGif &[ef;jyKvkdufNyD/ od'¨w¦ vnf; xl;jcm;\/ vkH;&yfo@meftm;jzihfvnf; rif;om;[laom toGiftjyif ukefqkH;oGm;NyD/ xl;jcm;\/ csxm;aomrsufvTm? wnfNidrfaom tazmftoif;[lí r&Sd/ rdrdwpfOD;wnf;om/ ajcvSrf;wdkYrSmvnf; xl;jcm;\/ zGm;zufawmfqEéEiS fh u@ujrif;wdyYk if r&Sad wmh/ &[ef ; jrwf \ qG r f ; cH < uoG m ;aom xD;eef;\taiGUtouf? ousw\ Ykd rmeo&zlrmS toGiftjyifonf eef;jywif;rS ½Ipm;aeaom OD;aoQmifOD;pGef; rif;0wfwefqmwdkYESihftwl AdrÁdom&bk&if\ESvkH;om;ukd n§KdU,lzrf;pm;av ygoGm;MuNyD/ ukd,fydkifypönf;[lí zef&nfpGef; onf/ xkdtcsdefu AdrÁdom&rSm rif;ysKdrif;vGif aom ouFef;ESihf oydwfawmfomwnf;/ omomrQ&Sdao;onf/ odkYaomf &[ef;jrwf\ wG , f w mrI u if ; aom b0um; xl;jcm;aomtoGiftjyifukd pdwfr0ifpm;bJ vGwfvyfaypG/ NidrfoufaypG/ at;csrf;aypG/ raeEkdif/ xkdYaMumihf ½kwfjcnf;yif rif;csif;wpf aemifajcmufESpfMumí jrwfAk'¨tjzpfodkY a&muf a,muftm; &[ef;jrwf aemufawmfoYkd vku d yf g aomtcg b0ESpfck\uGm[rIukd atmufyg avhvm&ef apckdif;onf/ twkdif; zGihf[rdefY`rGufcJhonf/ rif ; vk v if \ jyef M um;csuf t & td r f & maxmif a om b0um; AdrÁdom&onf &[ef;jrwftm; ykdí pdwf0ifpm; rG e f ; Muyf v S \ / usOf ; ajrmif ; \/ ud a vom onf/ jrif;uaom&xm;ukd tjrefjyifqifapNy;D jrLwd k Y x<u&mjzpf \ / &[ef ; b0rS m tavmif;awmfjrwf&Sd&modkY vkdufonf/ y@0 vG i f w D ; acgif E S i h f w l \ / vG w f v yf \ / awifajcwGif rDonf/ þod k Y o d j rif N yD ; ig&[ef ; jyKcJ h \ / ywf0ef;usifwGif vlolav;yg;[lí tavmif;awmfjrwfonf r&cJzh ;l aom r&S d / tavmif ; awmf w pf y g;wnf ; om&S d \ / yAÁZÆokc &[ef;b0\ csrf;omukdcHpm;&if; odaYk omf tavmif;awmfum; igwpfO;D wnf;yJ[k

trSwfrxm;/ cefYxnfpGmxkdif\/ wnfNidrfpGm qGrf;bkOf;ay;\/ AdrÁdom&onf þjrifuGif;ukd Munhu f m tavmif;awmfjrwftm; ydí k MunfnKd av;pm;oGm;onf/ &xm;ay:rS uAsmu&mqif; um y#doE¦m&pum; avQmufxm;onf/ &[ef;jrwf\ rdefYMum;csuft& olvdk yif cwåd,EG,f0ifjzpfaMumif;? ousxD;eef;ukd pGefYcGmcJholjzpfaMumif; od&\/ ,ckvkd i,f&G,f pOfwiG f olvydk if xD;eef;pnf;pdru f dk cHpm;ygOD;[k avQmufxm;\/ pnf;pdrfwpf0ufay;ygrnf[k uwday;\/ &[ef;jrwfu ]]e umar tbdyw¦,H -umr*kPf tm½kHawGukd rvkdvm;awmhyg}} [k rdefY\/ awmif;yefír&aomtcg bk&m;jzpfu olYEkdifiHokdY tOD;qkH;<uyg[k zdwfrEÅujyKonf/ &[ef;jrwfonf þtcsed rf pS í NrKUd okYd ruyf? NrKdif&yfwGifom arGUavsmfawmhonf/ &aoh q &mBuD ; 2 yg; awm&yfNrKid cf iG üf jrwfaomtusiu fh dk usihfum opömw&m;twGuf q&m&SmazGcJh\/ tmVm&q&mBuD ; ES i h f O'uq&mBuD ; wd k Y x H a&muf\/ q&mBu;D rsm;rSm omrnr[kwyf gacs/ xif&Sm;ausmfMum;\/ wynhfwyef; ajrmufjrm; pGm&Sd\/ avmuDpsmeformywfrsm;&\/ orx tusihfaMumihf &tyfaom tjrifhqkH;w&m;ukd &&SdMuolrsm;jzpfMu\/ &[ef ; jrwf o nf q&mBuD ; rsm;xH enf;cHusihfBuH&m rMumrD q&mhwef;wl wynhf jzpfomG ;onf/ ol&&Sad om w&m;rsm;rSm b0'ku© Nird ;f &mr[kw/f b00JwiG f wpfjyefwvJvJ epfreG ;f &rnh f w&m;rsm;jzpf \ / þtusih f r sm;jzih f aovGev f Qif tjrihq f ;Hk jA[®momjzpfEidk \ f / jA[®m wdkY\oufwrf;rSm t&SnfqkH;jzpfojzihf oHo&m rSm ykdíMum&SnfzkdYom jzpfEkdifonf/ xkdodkY od&Sd ojzihf q&mBuD;rsm;ESihfwuG wynhfwyef;wdkYukd pGefYcGmcJhjyefonf/ O½k a 0vawmwef ; ,ck tavmif;awmfjrwf a&muf&Sd vmonhfae&mrSm O½ka0vawmwef;jzpfonf/ O½ka0vum; w&m;bm0em &SmrSD;olwdkYtwGuf blrdeufoefjzpfonf/ nDnmjyefYjyL;aom ajr tjyif &Sdonf/ jzLvTaom oJjyif&Sdonf/ pdrf;vJh nKd a rS m if a om awmta&;aemuf c H & S d o nf /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ ae&Íö & mjrpf a &jyif o nf v nf ; woG i f o G i f pD;qif;aeonf/ jrpfqyd u f m; om,mvSyvS\/ ql;ajimihfcvkwfwHoif;r&Sd/ &GHUñTefr&Sd/ oefY&Sif; \/ reD;ra0;wGif qGrf;cH&Gm&Sd\/ þobm0ywf0ef;usifonf &[ef; jrwftm; w&m;usihfokH;&ef zdwfac:aeouJhodkY &Sdonf/ ]]þae&mum; opömw&m;ukd {uef&&Sd rnhfae&mwnf;}} [k pGJ,lrSwfom;um ausmif; ocFef;uav;ukd zefwD;oDwif;okH;awmhonf/ ,k H M unf c suf t wG u f pG e f Y v T w f c J h o l r sm; O½ka0vawmodYk tavmif;awmfjrwf xuf tvsifa&mufaeolrsm;rSm yÍö0*¾DwkdYjzpf onf/ ¤if;wdkYonf ,kHMunfcsuftwGuf awm xGufvmolrsm;jzpfMu\/ acgif;aqmifjzpfol aum@nyk P Ö m ;onf tavmif ; awmf j rwf arG;zGm;pu ]]{uEÅbk&m;jzpfrnfhol}} [k a[m Mum;cJ h o l j zpf \ / ol o nf þ,k H M unf c suf twd k i f ; od ' ¨ w ¦ r if ; om; bk & m;jzpf v Qif igtvsifqkH; zl;&oljzpf&rnf[k qkH;jzwfcsuf cscJ h o l j zpf \ / tjcm;tazmf a v;OD ; rS m vnf ; vu©Pmawmfzwf q&mBuD;rsm;\ rsKd;EG,frsm; jzpf M u\/ ol w d k Y u m; ,k H M unf c suf t wG u f pnf ; pd r f c srf ; omwd k Y u k d pG e f Y v T w f c J h M uol r sm; jzpfayonf/ yif y ef ; qif ; &J v S a om tusih f r sm; ('k u ú & p&d , m) avmuwGif vlwdkif;rvkyfEkdifaom tvkyfukd cJ,Of;aomtvkyf[k qkdMuonf/ vlwumrusihfEkdifaomtusihfukd cJ,Of;aom tusi[ fh k ac:onf/ xkt d usirfh sm;ukd tavmif; awmfjrwfonf ajcmufESpfvkH;vkH; usihfokH;cJh& onf/ O½k a 0vod k Y a&muf a omtcg tavmif;awmfonf qGr;f twGuf aoemed*;Hk odYk 0ifonf/ arwåmur®|mef;ukd tjyif;txef tm;xk w f o nf / arwå m ur® | mef ; onf opö m w&m;uk d od j rif E k d i f a omvrf ; pOf r[k w f r S e f ; od j yef a omtcg pG e f Y v T w f v k d u f onf / qGrf;cHjcif;ukdvnf; tvkyfykdwpfck[k ,lqum jzwfawmufypfjyefonf/ tvkv d adk <u usaom opfoD;rsm;jzihfom a&mifh&Jaeonf/ ,if;tvkyfukdvnf; aMumihfMuwpfrsKd;[k ,lq um rdrdxkdifonfhae&modkY a<uusvmonhf opfoD;rsm;jzihf wif;wdrfaejyefonf/ tcsd e f & S d o rQ w&m;tm;xk w f tm[m&udpötwGuf yvdaAm"udpö rsm;ukd jzwfawmufvkdufojzihf w&m;usihfcsdef

ykdí&vmonf/ tcsdef&SdorQ jyif;xefaom tusihfrsm;ukdusihfonf/ avmuwGif ]]csrf;om okcukd csrf;omvG,fulaomtvkyfjzihf r&Ekdif/ cufcufccJ J yifyifyef;yef;tvkyjf ziho f m csr;f om ok c &Ek d i f o nf } } [k jrwf A k ' ¨ t jzpf o k d Y a&mufaom tcg aAm"d&mZmukrm&rif;om; tm; rdeMYf um;cJh \/ bk&m;jzpfa&;twGuf rnfrQ yifyef;cJ,Of;pGm usihf&aMumif; a[mMum;jcif; jzpfonf/ tusOf;csKyfrSm þodkYOD ; pG m umr*k P f t awG ; tBuH r sm;? ol w pf y g;uk d xd c k d u f a prnh f tawG ; tBuH rsm;ray:Ek d i f a tmif pd w f u k d wif ; Muyf p G m xd e f ; \/ oG m ;rsm;uk d pk H B ud w f u m vQmuk d tmacgif a y:axmuf í em&D r sm;pG m ae\/ csKd i f ; ES p f z uf r S acR;pD ; rsm;xG u f v monf / OD ; acgif ; ES i h f yck H ; ES p f z uf u k d wif ; Muyf p G m zd xm;ouJ h o k d Y c H p m;&\/ od k Y a omf tm; ravsmh ? pd w f r vT i h f ? arh a ysmuf j cif ; tvsOf ; r&S d / xkdtusihfjzihf w&m;xl;r&Ekdifaom tcg wpfrsKd;ajymif;usihfjyef\/ xGufouf? 0if oufuif;rJhonhf psmefukd 0ifpm;rnf[k qkH;jzwf \/ cHwGif;ESihf ESmacgif;avwdkYukd csKyfxm; jyefonf/ 0ifcGihf xGufcGihfr&aom avwdkY onf em;ES p f z uf r S w&T D ; &T D ; xG u f M uonf / yef ; yJ z k d r S xG u f a omavyrm w½S L ;½S L ;jrnf aeonf / wpf u k d , f v k H ; jcpf j cpf a wmuf ylavmifaeonf/ w&m;tqihfum; rwuf/ ,if;aemuf ydkrkdjyif;xefaomtusihf uk d usih f j yef o nf / cH w G i f ; ES i h f ES m acgif ; uk d omru em;ESpfzufrS avrxGufEkdifatmif atmih f t D ; csKyf w D ; \/ xG u f a yguf r &aom avwdkYu OD;acgif;ay: wufíaqmihfonf/ OD ; acgif ; wpf c k v k H ; pl ; cRef j zih f txk d ; cH & ouJhokdY cHpm;&onf/ pl;&Semusifaeonf/ qufvufusihfjyefaomf 0rf;Akdufom; wdkYyg "m;xufxufjzihf tvSD;cH&ouJhodkY cHpm; &\/ vufEpS zf ufudk csKyu f idk Nf y;D rD;ykaH y: ypfwif vkdufouJhodkY cHpm;&jyef\/ aeYpOf&ufquf þodkYusihfaomtcg tm;tifrsm;ukefcrf;í cE¨mukd,frSm n§Kd;EGrf;NyD; tom;ta& ajcmuf u yf v mawmh o nf / aemufqkH; pBuF HtwGif;rSmyif acG,kdifvJusum rl;arhomG ;onf/ jyef v nf q ef ; ppf j cif ; (orÜ Z n) owdjyefvnf&aomtcg tavmif; awmfonf rdrdtusihfrsm;ukd jyefvnfqifjcif onf/ avmuwGif onfxufjyif;xefaom

tusihfrsm; r&SdEkdif/ rdrdxufykdívnf; usihfBuH Ekid o f &l rdS nf r[kwaf y/ tm[m&ukd jyefvnfr0DS J &efvkdonf/ xkdYaMumifh yJjyKwf&nfuav;ukd pwif rSD0Jonf/ yJydpyf? ukvm;yJ? pm;awmfyJ ponfwdkYukd jyKwfxm;onhf wpfvufckyfpmrQ tm[m&jzpfonf/ rrQwaom tpmtm[m&jzih f toufum; &Sdaeyg\/ ½kyfcE¨mrSmrl ysufpD; ,k, d iG ;f vmonf/ od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;b0u &Scd ahJ om wifhw,faomtoa&wdkYonf pkd;pOf;rQrusef awmhay/ tkrd if;&Gww f í G rJMuKwMf uKwt f oGirf mS txif;om;ay:aeonf/ t½k d ; tqpf r sm;rS m EG , f q pf r sm; yrm acgxG u f a eonf / wif y g;ES p f z uf r S m ukvm;tkwf cGmuJhodkY csKdihfcGufa[mufyuf jzpfaeonf/ ptkdrSm tom;r&Sdawmhojzihf ½S K H 0 if a eonf / ausm½k d ; qpf w d k Y r S m vnf ; yk w D ; aph o zG , f twpf twpf j zpf a eonf / eH ½ k d ; rsm;rS m Z&yf t k d B uD ; \ tjcif & e,f r sm; yrm usKd ; wd k ; usJ w J j zpf a eonf / rsuf v k H ; ES p f z uf r S m a&wG i f ; xJ r S a&yG u f r sm;uJ h o d k Y csKd i h f 0 if a eonf / OD ; acgif ; rS m Al ; oD ; ajcmuf yrm ½S K H w G a eonf / ausmES i h f 0 rf ; onf wpf o m;wnf ; uyf a e\/ vuf E S i h f o yf c s vk d u f a omtcg arG ; n§ i f ; rsm; uRwf y gvm Muonf / tavmif;awmfonf rdrdcE¨mukd,fukd Munfí h þokq Yd ifjcifrjd yefonf/ ay:Ny;D ay:qJ ay:vwåHYaom orPjAm[®PrSeforQonf ,ckxufyí dk rusiBfh ucH MhJ u/ ,ckxufyí dk vnf; tqif;&JrcHcJhMu/ þrQ cufcJjyif;xefaom tusihfrsm;ukd usihfBuHtm;xkwfcJhygaomfvnf; bk & m;jzpf z k d Y a 0;pG / xl ; jcm;euf e J a om ÓPf t jrif uk d r Qr&/ tjcm;usih f p Of r sm; &SdvdrhfOD;rnf[k qifjcifrdonf/ tmemygetusih f xk d t ck d u f i,f p Of u rd r d & &S d c J h z l ; onh f tmemygetusih f u k d jyef v nf o wd & rd o nf / crnf ; awmf b k & if B uD ; v,f x G e f r*F v mjyKvk y f a epOf ZrÁ K oajyyif & d y f w G i f wpf O D ; wnf ; usef c J h \ / xk d t csd e f w G i f tmemyge pwk w ¦ p smef u k d 0if p m;cJ h \ / xk d v rf ; pOf o nf rd r d t wG u f rS e f u ef a om vrf ; pOf j zpf v d r h f r nf [ k qif j cif r d o nf / tmemygevrf;pOfudk jyefvnfusio fh ;Hk &ef qGrf;tm[m&ukd jyefvnfrSD0Jonf/ xkdtcg pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

tb,faMumihf wd[dwfykxkZOfu ÓPfaumif;&oenf; qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f þurÇmavmuwGif odoihfodtyfaom t&mwdkYudk odMu&m ü r[mukov kd rf [mBw, d m? tbdnmOfuo k v kd f tbdnOfBw, d m ynmjzihf om odMu&m\/ y#doaEÿ0wdå0dygwfynmjzihf odEkdif½dk;r&Sd[kqdk&m? ykxk ZOfav;a,mufwdkYtm; r[mukokdvfpdwf &SpfckpD &&SdavaomaMumihf? xdak v;a,mufpvH;k yif odoiho f t d yfaomt&mwdu Yk kd odEidk Mf urnfr[kwf ygavm/ xd k o d k Y j zpf y gvsuf tb,f a Mumih f wd [ d w f y k x k Z Of u om todÓPf<u,f0 ÓPfaumif;&&Sdí <uif;aom ykxkZOf('k? ok? 'Gd)oHk; a,mufwdkYu todÓPfqkwfqdkif;í ÓPfxdkif;Mu&ygoenf;[laom jyóemudkaphikaocsm avhvmpdppfMunhfMu&efvdkrnfxifygonf/ odoihf&m odjcif; rodjcif; odoihfaomt&mudk odjcif;? rodjcif;rSm? y#doaEüdk tajccH í jzpfMu&onf/ y#doaE¨ü ynm&Sdygu todÓPf <u,f0í ÓPf aumif;oljzpf&onf/ y#doaE¨ü ynmryg&Sdu todÓPfqkwfqdkif;NyD; ÓPfxdkif;oljzpf&onf[k usrf;*ef pmaywdkYu qdkygonf/ wd[dwfyk*¾dKvfÓPfaumif;yHk wd[dwf[laom ygVdyk'f&if;teufrSm tavmb? ta'go? tarm[wnf;[laom wda[wku [dwfoHk;yg;udkqdkygonf/ y#doaE¨ pdwfü ynmÓPfygvmaomoludk wda[wku yk*¾vwd[dwfyk*¾dKvf[k ac:qdkygonf/ ,if;wd[dwfyk*¾dKvfonf r[m0dygwfÓPorÜ,kwfpdwfjzihf y#doaEäeí y#doaE¨tcguyif ynmrsK;d aphyg&Scd ahJ vonf/ y0wdå tcg ü b0ifpdwfjzpfaomtcg xdkr[m0dygwfÓPorÜ,kwf pdwfyifjzpf\/ 0DxdpdwfwdkY\ tMum;üvnf;aumif;? tdyfarmusaeaomtcgüvnf; aumif;? xdkr[m0dygwf ÓPorÜ,kwfb0ifpdwfwdkYonf ormywf tcg ü psmefpdwf zdkvfpdwfwdkYuJhodkY jrpfa&tvsOfBuD;yrm t&Sdeft[kef tm;aumif;pGm toacsFteEÅqufí qufí pdwftpOftwef;BuD; jzpfyGm;oGm;av\/ xdkb0iftpOftwef;BuD;üyg0ifaom ynmonfvnf; t&Sdef tm;aumif;aom tpOftwef;BuD; taejzihf jzpfyGm;avonf/ xdk0dygwf ynmtpOftwef;BuD;\ tpGrf;aMumihf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; odoihf od xdkufaomt&mESihf awGUqHkaomtcg r[mukokdvf ÓPorÜ,kwfpdwf jzpfay:vmNyD; xdkpdwfü ,SOfaom ynmjzihf xdkodoihfodtyfaom t&m udk xifvif;pGmod&Sdavonf/ 0dygwfynmonf tpOfjzifh txl;axmuf yHhorIjyKjcif;aMumihf todÓPfjzpfjcif;\ Oyedó,ypönf;tm;BuD;aom taMumif;jzpfonf r[kwfygavm/ xdkYaMumihf wd[dwfykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfwdkY onf tjcm;ykxZk Of oH;k a,mufwx Ykd uf todÓPf<u,f0í ÓPfaumif; Mu&jcif;jzpfonf/ wd[dwfyk*¾dKvftm; (1) y#doaE¨tcdkufü ynmrsKd;aphusa&muf\/ (2) b0iftpOfjzpfaomtcg ynmtpOfwef;BuD;jzpfyGm;\/ (3) xdyk nmtpOfwef;Bu;D taxmuftyHah Mumih?f r[mukov kd f

pdwfjzpfaomtcgÓPorÜ,kwfcsnf;jzpf&av\/ (4) xdkYaMumihf xdkü ,SOfaom ynmjzihf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvfwdkYonf odoihfodtyfzG,f&m[lorQwdkYudk tpif;tvif; od&SdMuavonf/ 'k[dwf? ok[dwf? 'Gd[dwfwdkY ÓPfxdkif;yHk 'k*wdt[dw?f ok*wdt[dw?f 'G[ d w d ?f ykxZk Ofy*k Kd¾ vo f ;kH a,muf wdkYum; Oayu©m oEDÅ&PpdwfESpfck? r[m0dygwf ÓP0dyÜ,kwfpdwfav; ckwdkYjzihf y#doaE¨aeMuukef\/ ¤if;wdkY\ y#doaE¨pdwfü ynmtvif; a&mifrygojzihf arSmiftwd&Sdav\/ y0wdåtcgb0ifjzpfaom tcg xdpk w d w f yYkd ifjzpfí b0iftpOftwef;jzpfoavmuf tarSmiftrdu k f tpOf twef;BuD;jzpfyGm;av\/ þodkY ynmtvif;a&mifuif;rJhaom b0iftpOf\ t&Sdef aMumihf xdky#doaE¨ynmrJh ('k? ok? 'Gd) ykxkZOfwdkYtm; odp&m wpf&yfESihf BuHK&aom tcg ÓPftvif;a&mifrygaom r[mukokdvf ÓP0dyÜ,kwf pdwfjzpfay:vm&\/ xdkYaMumihf ykxkZOf xdkoHk;a,mufwdkYonf pdwfjzihf bmrQ a0zef ydkif;jcm;í rodEkdifMuaom tjzpfodkY qdkufa&mufMu&jcif;jzpfav\/ odkYjzpfí xdkykxkZOfoHk;a,mufwdkYonf todÓPfqkwfqdkif;í ÓPfxdkif; Mu&jcif;jzpfavonf/ tcsKyfqdk&aomf 'k[dwf? ok[dwf? 'Gd[dwf? yk*¾dKvfoHk;a,mufwdkYtm; (1) y#doaE¨tcdkufü ÓPfynmrsKd;aphryg/ (2) b0iftpOfjzpfaomtcg ÓPfa&mifroef; tarSmifwef;BuD; jzpfoGm;\/ (3) ynmuif;rJhaom b0iftpOftwef; (trdkufarSmifwef;)BuD; tpG r f ; aMumih f r[muk o d k v f p d w f j zpf a omtcg ÓP0d y Ü , k w f c snf ; jzpf&avonf/ (4) xdkYaMumihf 'k? ok? 'Gd? yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf odp&mwpf&yfESihf awGUBuHK aomtcg bmrQrodjzpf&av\/ r[m#DumrS cdkifrmaom om"u (u) oyanmwd-0dygu blwm,? o[ynm, y0wåw D d oyanm/ (c) wm,wd tm'dawm y|m,? oEÅme0aoe A[kvH y0wå rmem,/ t,H oawåm o0daoo? yanmwd 0w¬HKt&[wd/ (*) 0dygu ynm[d oEÅme 0daooaee? bm0em ynKyÜwdå,m Oyedóa,m a[mwd? ta[wku 'dGa[wkumeH w'bm 0awm/ (r[m#Dum? y|rtkyf? 14) þjyoemykpmä \ tajzü ,if;r[m#Dum (*) 0gusonf cdik rf m aom om"uyifjzpfayonf/ qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f

DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

aomwmyefy,fjcif;ESihf aomwmyefjzpfjcif;w&m;rsm; [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if

aomwmywd å r *f o d k Y qd k u f a &muf o nf q d k & m0,f tukodkvfudkjzwfjcif; a*gMwolwpfyg;/ umrukokdvfudk jzwf jcif; ½lyg0p& yxrpsmefwpfyg;/ 'kwd,psmefwpfyg;/ wwd,psmefwpf yg;/ pwkw¬psmefwpfyg;/ ½lyg0p&ukodkvfudkjzwfjcif;? t½lypsmefü tumopsmefwpfyg;/ 0dnmPpsmefwpfyg;/ tmudÍn ö mpsmefwpfyg;/ ae0 onmemonm psmefwpfyg;[lí? o#doaE¨(9)yg;/ Zmwd(9)yg;/ Z&m r&P (9)yg; tp&Sdaom edAÁwdåvu©PmwdkYudk tedpö? 'ku©? tewå [lí ½Iqifjcifaom oroeÓPf? b,ÓPf? b*FÓPfwdkYjzihf aygufa&muf vQif tyg,y#doaE¨? bmrok*wdy#doaE¨? ½lyy#doaE¨? t½lyy#doaE¨ pdwfwdkYudk y,fjzwfEkdifaom 0dyóem ynmudk &í ykxkZOftEG,fudk jzwfEkdifaom a*gMwblwpfyg;wnfí (10)yg;aom y#doaE¨udpöudk y,f zsufEkdifjcif;aMumihf ]]'oa*gMwbl"r®m 0dyóem 0aoe OyÜZÆEÅd}} [lí jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfryl gonf/ þuJo h Ykd &Spyf g;aom (orx) q,fyg; aom (0dyóem)wdkYESihf jynhfpHkrSomvQif aomwmywdår*fodkY qdkufa&muf Ekdifygonf[lí ,ciftywf"r®0D&*sme,fü azmfjycJhygonf/ aomwmyefy,faom w&m;rsm; þuJhodkYaomwmywdår*fodkY qdkufa&mufonfqdkaomf tb,f w&m;wdkYudk yg&ygoenf;[lrl aomwmyEéó? ouúm,'d|d y[dem? y&d[m,wd/ aomwm yaEém aomwmywdåzvmwd? ea[0H 0wåaAÁ? (y)t&[awm &ma*g? y[Daem y&d[m,wd? t&[m t&[wåmwd? tmrEÅm? aomwmyEéó? 0ddpdudpäm y[Dem? (y)? oDvAÁw y&mrmaom y[Daem? (y) tyg, *r eda,m &ma*g y[Daem? (y) tyg,*reda,m a'gaom y[Daem/ (y) tyg, *reda,m arma[m y[Daem/ y&d[m,wd aomwmyaEém aomwmywdå zvmwd? ea[0H 0wåaAÁ? (y) t&[awm a'gaom y[Daem? (y) arma[m y[Daem? rmaem y[Daem? 'd|d y[Dem 0dpdudpäm y[DeH? xdedy[DeH? O'¨pöH y[DeH t[d&duH y[DeH? (y) taemwAÁH y[DeH? y&d [m,wd t&[m t&[wåmwd/ [lí jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlyg onf[k uxm0w¬K ygVdawmfü azmfjyygonf/ teuft"dyÜg,f aomfum; aomwmyEéó-aomwmyefy*k Kd¾ vo f nf? ouúm,'d|-d edp?ö okc? twå? okbwdkYudk? y[Daem-y,ftyfNyD/ 0dpdudpäm awblru ocFg&wdkYudk þb0xuf aemifb0udk aumif;Edk;&m&m trSwftxifrSm;aom 0dpdudpä udk y[Daem- y,ftyfNyD/ oDvAÁw y&mrmaom -þb0ü cHpm;oHk; aqmif&aom umr0w¬KwdkYuJhodkY aemifb0 cHpm;oHk;aqmif&atmif 'ge udk jyKjcif;? oDvudkjyKjcif;? bm0emudkyGm;rsm;jcif;? tp&Sdaom y&d,myEé oDvjzpfaomtrIudk y[Daem-y,ftyfNyD/ tyg,*reda,m- tyg,fab;wdkYudkjzpfapwwfaom 'kp½dfkuf ESihf wG,fwmuyfNidaom &m*udk y[Daem-y,ftyfNyD/ tyg,*reda,mtyg,fab;udk jzpfapwwfaom? a'gaom-a'goudk y[Daem-y,ftyf NyD/ tyg,*reda,m-tyg,fab;udkjzpfapaom? arma[m-arm[udk?

y[Daem-y,ftyfNyD/ y&d[mywd-pifMu,fukef\/ aomwmyaEém-aom wmyefyk*¾dKvf\ zvH- tusKd;wnf;/ ea[0H 0wåaAÁ-y&0g'Dyk*¾dKvfonf? ry,fEkdif[lí rqdktyfukef aom? t&[awm-pifMu,fatmif? a'gaom-a'goud?k y[Daem-y,ftyf NyD/ arma[m-arm[udk y[Daem-y,ftyfNyD/ rmaem-rmeudk? y[Daemy,ftyfNy/D 'd|-d tjrifrmS ;jcif;ud?k y[Dem-y,ftyfuek Nf y/D xde-H apwodwf wdkY\ rcHhjcif;udk y[DeH- y,fukefNyD/ t[d&duH-'kp½dkufudk usL;vGefjcif;rS raMumufjcif;udk? y[DeH-y,fukefNyD/ y&d[m,wd-pifMu,fukef\/ txl; ojzihf pifMu,fukef\/ y&rH-jrwfaom ]]opdäu| r&rawåe}} y&raw¬e -jrwfaom tusKd;jzihf? opdäu|- rsufarSmufjyKí? OyvAÇwd-ynmjzihf uyfí odtyf\/ þokYdjrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlaom pum;t&yf&yfwdkYudk pk aygif;vkdufonf&Sdaomf ]]udavom (10)yg;? oHa,mZOf (5) yg;}} wdkYudk y,fEkdifrSomvQif aomwmyeftjzpfodkY qdkufa&mufEkdifygonf/ aomwmyef t aMumif ; &if ; tqdyk g aomwmywdrå *fy*k Kd¾ vo f nf tb,fuo hJ Ykd taMumif;&if; &Syd goenf;qdak omf uHxH w'g ork'g*aw "ar®? yóae ynm ypöa0u© PmnmPH? aomwmywdå r*¾u©aPe? 'óea|e or®m'd|d? w'g ork'g *xm tp&Sdaom y#dordÇ'gr*fygVdawmfü yg&Sdonfh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfral om a'oemawmfukd avhvmtyfayonf/ ¤if;ygVdawmfEiS hf teuf jrefrmjyefum; atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/ aomwmywdår*¾u©aP-aomwmywdår*fcPjzihf w'g-tMuif tcgü? ork'g-aomwmywdrå *fukd &apwwfaom? "ar®-taMumif;w&m; wdkYonf uxH-todkYenf;/ r*¾ i f & S p f y g; taMumif ; &if ; &S d y H k yóaee- ½Ijrifí? ynm,-ynmjzihf? ypöa0u©aP-qifjcif wwf a om nmPH - ÓPf o nf ? w'g-tMuif t cgü? ork ' g*wmtaMumif;&if;&Sdonf? a[mEÅd-jzpfukef\/ 'óea|e- jriftyfaom opömav;yg;wdkYudk or®m'd|d- aumif;pGmjrifjcif;onf ork'g*wmtaMumif;&if;&Sd\/ tbda&myea|e- jyif;pGmESdyfpufwwfaom umrkyÜg'gef/ oDvAÁxyk gÜ 'gef? 'd|KygÜ 'gef? twå0g'kygÜ 'gefwu Ykd kd or®mouFayg-aumif;pGm zsufqD;wwfaom? or®mouFyÜ r*¾ifonf? ork'g*wm-taMumi;f&Sd\/ ork|mea|e- wBudrfwcgrQ tjzpfay:vmao;aom r*f w&m;? zdv k w f &m;wdu Yk kd or®mur®aEÅm-aumif;pGmjyKwwfaom or®mur®EÅ r*¾ifonf ork'g*w taMumif;&if;&Sd\/ y&d*¾[a|e- avmuDtusKd;udkjzpfapwwfaom okbmodw 'kAÇmodwwdkYudk ydkif;jcm;í? or®m0gpm-aumif;pGmqdkqHk;raom or®m0gpm r*¾ifonf ork'g*wm-taMumif;&if;&Sd\/ a0g'gea|e-udavom wPSmwdkYrS pifMu,fpGm toufarG; wwf a om or® m tmZD a 0g- or® m tmZD 0 r*¾ i f o nf ? ork ' g*wm-

DHAMMA TALKS

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

aMumif;&if;&Sd\/ y*¾[a|e- or®y"Ü H av;yg;udk jynhpf akH tmif vHv Yk jyKwwfaom or®m0g,arm-or®m0g,r r*¾ifonf? ork'g*wm-aMumi;f&if;&Sd\/ Oy|mea|e- þor®yÜ"H udpöü apmihfa&Smufí owdy|mef owdy|mefav;yg;ESifh jynhpf akH om or®mowd-or®mowdr*¾io f nf? ork'g uwm-aMumif;&if;&Sd\/ t0dau©ya|e- jyefYvGihfaompdwfESihf avmuDü wnfNidrfaom pdwfwdkYudk y,f&Sm;í? 0da0u edódwH0-qdwfNidrfjcif;udkrSDívnf;aumif;? 0d&m*edódwH- &m*uif;jcif;udkrSDívnf;aumif;? a0gó*¾ y&demrd H r*fodkY ñGwfapwwfaom? avmu"Hw&m; &Spfyg;wdkYudk vGefajrmufí psmefav;yg;ESihf jynhfpHkaom? or®mor"d-or®morm"dr*¾ifonf? w'gtMuiftcgü? ork'g*wm- aMumif;&if;&Sd\/ aAmZÑif c k e pf y g; tNrJ , S O f & rnf Oy|mea|e- Oyg'gef\ usufpm;&m owdy|mefav;yg;wGif owdoarÁmZÑiftNrJ,SOf&rnf/ y0dp,a|e- tm½Hkusufpm;&mwGif "r®0d p,oarÁmZÑiftNrJ,SOf&rnf/ y*¾[a|e- or®yÜ"Hudpöü? 0D&d,oarÁmZÑif tNrJ,SOf&rnf/ z&Pa|e-pdwf\ Munfvifjcif;tm½Hkü tydkif;tjcm; rSwfjcif;/ ypöa0u©emedrdwfü vdrfrmjcif;? yDwd\ jyefYjcif;? okc\ jyefYESHU jcif;ESihfwuG yDwdoarÁmZÑif tNrJ,SOf&rnf/ Oyora|e-nDrQaom apwodufokc? um,duokcjzpfaom yó'd¨oarÁmZÑif tNrJ,SOf&rnf/ t0dau©ya|e- rjyefYvGihfaom orm"dpdwfudk? &m*rSuif;jcif;? ocFg&\ csKyfjcif;? edrdwfü vdrfrmjcif;ESihf jynhfpHkaom orm"doarÁmZÑif tNrJ,SOf &rnf/ y#docFg&a|e- ocFg&w&m;wdkYudk vspfvsL½Iwwfaom Oayu©m oarÁmZOftNrJ,SOf&rnf/ Ad k v f i g;yg;wd k Y t aMumif ; &if ; &S d r nf tó'd©a,e- rNidrfoufaomtrIwdkYudk? turdÜ,a|e-rwkef vIyfaom o'¨gAvH- o'¨gAv onf? w'g- tMuiftcgü? ork'g*wHtaMumif;&if;&Sdonf? a[mwd-jzpf\/ aumoZÆ-trsufxGufjcif;rS? turdÜ,a|e- rwkefvIyfaom? 0D&d,AvH- 0D&d,Avonf? w'g-tMuif tcgü? ork'g*wH- taMumif;&if;&Sdonf? a[mwd-jzpf\/ yrma'- rarh ravsmhaom? owdAvH- owdAvonf? turÜd,a|e-wkefvIyfjcif;r&Sd aom? ork'g*wd-taMumif;&if;&Sdonf? a[mwd-jzpf\/ Oa'¨pö-jyefYvGihf aompdwfudk? turÜd,a|e -wkefvIyfjcif;r&Sdaom? orm"dAvH-orm"d Avonf? ork'g*wd-taMumif;&if;&Sdonf? a[mwdjzpf\/ t0dZÆm,aESmihf,SufuG,fumwwfaom t0dZÆmw&m;udk? turdÜ,a|e- wkefvIyf jcif;r&Sdaom? ynmAvH- ynmAvonf? ork'g*wH- taMumif;&if;&Sd onf? a[mwdjzpf\/ qE´ ? 0D & d , ? t"d a rmu© j zpf a om apwod u f o H k ; ck odkYjzpfygí ,cktcg r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk tvdk&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfwdkY onf oyÜK&do oHaoa0g- ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;wdkYudk rSD0J qnf;uyf &rnf/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;udk rSD0Jqnf;uyfí ar;jref;aqG;aEG;ygvQif q&mjzpfaom ynm&So d al wmfojl rwfonf? r*ftajcudk qdu k af p&apwwf aom r*¾if&Spfyg;? aAmZÑifckepfyg;wdkYudk? aocsm*ea[majymjyoí emcH rSwfom;&onfh o'¨r®om0eHjzpfaom yuwlyedó,ypönf;udk &vQif? rdrdwdkY\ b0tqufqufupí ,aeYxufwdkif odkrSD;pGJvef;cJhaom umr*kPfwdkYudk awmifhwrI? &tyfNyD;aom Opömpnf;pdrfwdkYudk raysmuf rysuf apjcif;iSmaMumihfMurI? xdkawmihfwrIaMumihfMurIwdkYudk y,f&Sm;Ekdif aom? qE´? 0D&d,? t"darmu©jzpfaom ]apwodufoHk;ck} udk rdrdtZÑwå wGif ydkifydkif&&Sdatmif vHkYv Oó[ jyK&rnf/

ol a wmf a umif ; wd k Y rS D 0 J a om o'¨ g w&m; xdo k Ykd vHv Yk jyKonft h wdik ;f t"darmu©jzpfaom apwoduf onf tukodkvf\ rlvt&if;tjrpfjzpfaom avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? 'd|d[kqdktyfaom yyÍöw&m;ig;yg;udk y,f&Sm;qHk;jzwfí pdwfMunfvif apwwfaom? olawmfaumif;wdkY rSD0JoHk;aqmiftyfaom? o'¨gw&m;udk rdrd\ tZÑwå oEÅmefü tNrJwnfatmif jyKvkyf&rnf/ £aÈ´ i g;yg; avmuk w å & m tajcyg'uw&m; þodkY o'¨gw&m;tNrJwnfjcif;udk o'däÈ´qdkygonf/ odkYjzpfí ]t"darmu© 0aoe o'd`¨ E, ´d H t"drwåH a[mwd} [lía[mawmfryl gonf/ þo'¨gw&m;udk taMumif;jyKí? 0D&d,jzpfEkdifonf/ xdkYaMumihf ]o'dË´d, ,ó0aoe 0d&d,dÈd´,H t"drwåH a[mwd} [lía[mawmfrlygonf/ þvHkYv0D&d, &SdrSomvQif owd&SdEkdifonf/ xdkYaMumihf 0D&d,dÈd“,ó 0aoe owdEd´,H t"drwåH a[mwd [lía[mawmfrlygonf/ þ owd w&m;&SdrSomvQif orm"djzpfEkdifonf/ xdkYaMumihf ]owdÈd´,ó 0aoe orm"dÈd´,m t"drwåHa[mwd} [lí a[mawmfrlonf/ þorm"dw&m; &Srd o S mvQif ,xmblwH [kwrf eS o f nft h wdik ;f odeidk af om ynmudk &Ekid yf g onf/ xdkYaMumihf ]orm"dÈd´,ó 0aoe yndÈd´,H t"drwåH a[mwd} [l í r*fygVdawmfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlygonf/ aomwmywd å r *f o d k Y qd k u f a &muf a tmif þuJo h Ykd a[mawmfro l nft h wdik ;f rdrt d ZÑwo å EÅmefü avmukwå &mtajcyg'uudk a&S;OD;pGm &apNyD;vQif ¤if;tajcyg'uwnf;[laom o'¨g? 0D&d,? owd? orm"d? ynmwdkYudk ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmum taMumif;ESihf wuG odí jynhfpHkrSomvQif aomwmywdår*fodkY qdkufa&mufEkdifygonf/ aomwmywdrå *foq Ykd u kd af &mufatmif o'¨g? 0D&, d ? owd? orm "d? ynmwdu Yk kd tb,fuo hJ Ykd od&ygrnfenf;qdak omf txufujyqdck ahJ om t&d,m "r® oDv (50) ESihf psmef&yHk (90)udk r*¾if&Spfyg;ESihf £aÈíg;yg; tuRr;f 0ifí wpfxyfwnf;jzpfaMumif;udk odí jynhpf rkH o S mvQif aomwm ywådr*fodkY qdkufa&mufEkdifygrnf[k rSwftyfygonf/ y#d o rd Ç ' g r*f y gVd a wmf v m £aÈ´ i g;yg; tb,fuo hJ rYkd w S , f t l yfrnfenf;qdyk gaomf om0wde'd geH tpcsD aom y#dordÇ'gr*fygVdawmfvmygXfteufwdkYudk rSwftyfygonf/ bdua© 0- &[ef;wd?Yk yÍörmed-ig;yg;ukeaf om? £È, ´d med- £aÈ´ wdkYonf? uwrmedyÍö- tb,fig;yg;wdkYenf;/ o'd¨Èd´,H- o'däÈúdkvnf; aumif;? 0d&d,dÈd´,H-0D&d,daÈúdkvnf;aumif;? owdÈd´,H- owdaÈúdk vnf;aumif;? orm"dÈd´,H- orm"daÈúdkvnf;aumif;? yndÈd´,HyndaÈúdkvnf;aumif;? '|AÁmed-rSwftyfukef\/ bdu©a0- &[ef;wdkY? uw¬-tb,frnfaom w&m;onfvQif o'd¨Èd´,H -o'dáÈ´[lí? '|AÁH-rSwftyfoenf;? pwlok-av;yg;ukefaom? aomwmywd å , a*F o k - aomwmywd å r *f \ a&S U tzd k Y ü jzpf u k e f a om? yuwlyedó, ypönf;onf? {w¬-þw&m;yifjzpfownf;/ o'd¨Èd´,H o'd¨Èd´,H- o'däÈ´[lí? '|AÁH -rSwftyf\/ bdua© 0- &[ef;wd?Yk uwåp- tb,frnfaom w&m;onfvQif 0d&d,dÈd´,H -0d&d,daÈ´ [lí? '|AÁH- rSwftyfoenf;/ pwlok- av;yg;ukef aom? or® y Ü " maeok - or® y Ü " mef u d p ö u d k aqmif e k d i f a om? {w¬ þw&m;onf 0D&d,dÈ´d,H-0D&d,daÈ´[lí? '|AÁH-rSwftyf\/ bdu©a0- &[ef;wdkY? uwåp-tb,frnfaom w&m;onfvQif owdÈd´,H- owdaÈúdk? '|AÁH-rSwftyfoenf;/ pwlok-av;yg;ukefaom? owdy|maeok-um,uwmowd? pdwåm owd? a0'emowd? "r®mowd pmrsuf E S m 15 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

okreyef;onf rkav;yef;wdkhjzihf Ak'¨tm; BuJajr§mufylaZmf&m xl;jcm;tHUzG,faumif;yHkrsm; oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) okreum; &mZN*dK[fjynfh&Sif AdrÁdom&rif;\ yef;awmfqufjzpf onf/ wpfaeYoü Ak'j¨ rwfpmG qGr;f cH<uawmfr&l mwGif okreonf MunfnKd o'¨gvGefpGmjzpfí rkav;yef;wdkYjzihf vSL'gef;ylaZmf&ef tBuHjzpfav\/ touf u d k p G e f Y í Ak ' ¨ t m;vS L 'gef ; yH k þrkav;yef;wdkYudk vSL'gef;vkdufygu rif;tm; yef;awmfquf wm0efysuaf wmhrnf/ wm0efysuu f rif;'Pfoifah wmrnf/ rif;'Pfoihf vQifvnf; oihfapawmh/ owfvdku owfapawmh[k toufpGefYí jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; vSL'gef;awmhrnf[k cdkifrmpGmqHk;jzwfvkdufNyD;aemuf rkav;yef; (8) uGrf;pm;udk <ucsDawmfrlvmonhf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; BuJajr§mufylaZmfvkdufav\/ yef ; BuJ í yl a Zmf [ ef u m; (1) yxr vufESpfzufjzihf rkav;yef;wdkYudkqkyfí BuJajr§muf ylaZmf\/ rkav;yef;wdo Yk nf Ak'j¨ rwfpmG \ OD;acgif;awmfxufü? yef;Adwmef jzpfí wnfav\/ (2) 'kw, d vufEpS zf ufjzihf ESpq f yk q f yk í f ylaZmf\/ yef;wdo Yk nf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ vusfmzufü yef;uefYvefYumtoGifjzihf wnfav\/ (3) wwd,tBurd w f iG v f nf; ESpq f yk Bf uaJ jrm§ ufyal Zmf\/ yef;wdYk onf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ausmzufü yef;wuJtoGifwnfav\/ (4) pwkw¬wGifvnf; ESpfqkyfBuJajr§mufylaZmf\/ yef;wdkYonf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ vuf0Jzufü yef;uefYvmumtoGifjzihf wnfav\/ wtH h w Motk w f t k w f u suf u suf j zpf a eMuyH k r sm; BuaJ jrm§ ufí ylaZmforQyef;wdo Yk nf Ak'j¨ rwfpmG zufoYkd tyGiv hf mT wnfaeMuukef\/ tn§mwdkYonf tjyifüwnfukef\/ tuGufusus aiGMu,f? abmfMu,f? pdefMu,fyGifhrsm; pDxm;bdouJhodkY pD&&D&SDMuukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;qGrf;cH<ucsDawmfrl&mwkdif;odkY? xdkyef;wdkYonf yHkpH wnf[efrysuv f u dk yf gMuuke\ f / &mZN*Kd [w f pfNrKd UvH;k xGuMf uí &ifoyf½I arm wtHhwMojzpfMuukef\/ NrdKUolNrdKUom;taygif;wdkYonfvnf; tkwf tkwfusufusuf qlnH[pfa<u;Muukef\/ xl ; jcm;qef ; Mu,f w ef c d k ; <u,f a omjzpf & yf r sm; AdrÁdom&rif;\ eef;&iftjyifr@yfodkYa&mufaomtcg yef;vTm Bu;D av;csyw f o Ykd nf y&dowftpGet f zsm;ü axmifvsurf ;kd vsuu f m&Hvsuf wnf&Sdukef\/ xdkr@yfü w&m;yGJtNyD; a0VK0efausmif;awmfodkY jrwfpGm bk&m; jyef<uaomtcg ,if;yef;vTmcsyfBuD;av;csyfwdkYonfvnf; rlv twkdif; rdk;um&HNyD; vkdufygoGm;ukef\/ vl x k y &d o wf w d k Y w tH h w MoajymMum;Mujcif ; vlxky&dwfowfBuD;um;? aemufrSausmif;awmftxdvdkufyg oGm;Muí tHhcsD;zG,f&mpum;wdkYudk ajymMum;Muukef\/ a0VK0efausmif; *E¨muk#dwdkufawmftwGif;odkY jrwfpGmbk&m; 0if<upHjref;awmfrlaomtcg yef;wdkYonf ausmif;awmfa&TwHcg;0ü pkyHkusa&mufoGm;Muavukef\/

ok r eyapö u Ak ' ¨ g jzpf r nf { uef okreyef;onfum; Adro dÁ m&rif;xHrS qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm;udk &&Sdav\/ 0w¬Kypönf;wpfrsdK;vQif &SpfckpDjzihf oAÁ|uqkudkvnf;&&Sd\/ aemiftcg urÇmwpfoed ;f xufü? okreyapöuAk'g¨ jzpfvwåUH [k Ak'j¨ rwfpmG \ Asm'dwfawmf>rufMum;oHudk yefqifMu&avonf[lí r[mAk'¨0if? wwd,tkyf? pmrsufESm 245 rS 252 txd azmfjyxm;onfudk zwf½I rSwfom;&ygonf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) pmrsuf E S m 14 rS wdkYudk aqmifEdkifaom udpöomwnf;/ {w¬-þw&m;onf? owdÈd´,HowdaÈ´[lí? '|AÁH-rSwftyf\/ bdu©a0-&[ef;wdkY? uw¬p-tb,frnfaom w&m;onfvQif orm"dÈd´,H-orm"daÈ´[lí? '|AÁH-rSwftyfoenf;/ pwlok-av;yg;ukef aom? psmaeok- umronmudk vGefajrmufaom yxrpsmef? Asmyg' onm udk ajrmufaom? 'kwd,psmef? yDwdonmudk vGefajrmufaom wwd,psmef? okc'ku©onmudk vGefajrmufaom pwkw¬psmefwkdYudk aqmifEkdifaom udpöwnf;/ {w¬-þw&m;onf? orm"dÈd´,H-orm"daÈ´ [lí? '|AÁH-rSwftyf\/ bdua© 0- &[ef;wd?Yk uw¬p- tb,frnfaom w&m;onfvQif yndÈd´,H- yndaÈ´[lí? '|AÁH- rSwftyfoenf;? pwlok-av;yg;ukefaom? t&d,m oapöok 'ku©t&d,opöH-'ku©t&d,opömudk? y&dan,m-tedpö 'ku©? tew¬? tokb[lí ydkif;jcm;&m\/ 'ku©ork',t&d,opöH- 'ku© \ taMumif;jzpfaom? ork',opömudk? y[mwAÁ-y,fpGefYtyf\/ 'ku© eda&m" t&d,opöH- 'ku©\ csKyf&mjzpfaom edAÁmefudk? opdäumwAÁm rsufarSmufjyKtyfukef\/ 'ku©eda&m" *grded y#dy'g t&d,opöH-'ku©\ taMumif;udk y,fjzwfEkdifaom 'ku©\ csKyfaMumif;jzpfaom? t*Fg&Spfyg; ESijfh ynhpf akH om? r*¾opömud?k bma0wAÁm-yGm;rsm;tm;xkwt f yfuek \ f [lí opömav;yg;udk ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmum odpGrf;Edkifaom ynmjzpfownf;/ {w¬-þw&m;onf? yndÈ´d,H- yndaÈ´[lí? '|AÁH-rSwftyfukef\/ teuf t "d y Ü g ,f a omf u m; þuJhodkY yuwl yedó, ypönf;&rSomvQif Ak'¨KyÜg''kv’budk &onf[lí rkcs{uefqdkxdkufvSayonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf opömrSvGwf aom wpfyg;aom orx? 0dyóemwdkYudk jyKvkyfvQif Ak'¨KyÜg' 'kv’b &onf[k rqdkxdkufacs/ odkYjzpfygí q&mOyedó, rSefrSefuefuef tydkif;tjcm;ESihf wuG? jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJhonfhtwdkif; aocsmpGmodrSomvQif Ak'¨KyÜg' 'kv’budk &onf[k qdkxdkufvSayonf/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf) [Hom0wD OD;tkef;BudKif

COVER FEATURE

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

"gwfr&Sad wmh/ ol\ pGr;f &nftyl"gwfonf avsmeh nf;ysujf ym;p jyKaeNyyD /J MunfnKdxkdufaom yk*¾Kdvfrsm;um; qlBuHKedrfhjrifhra&G; tkNd yaD v? rMumcifavmu"gwftjrifrS olaysmufomG ;& avOD;awmhrnfyJ &SdMurnf/ tMunfnKdcHxkdufolqkd&müvnf; oDv? orm"d? ynm&Sd [k oHa0*,lvkdufrdcsdef - - - - -/ ygrS? trsKd;bmomomoemESifh EkdifiHESifh vlrsKd;twGuf trSefwu,f ol \ tjrif o k d Y ta0;wpf a e&mu rD ; &xm;oH v rf ; ? vGwfvGwf pGefYvTwftepfemcH ay;qyfEkdifpGrf;ol jzpfygrS MunfnKd wH w m;jzLjzLav;onf a&muf v monf / 'D o H v rf ; wH w m; av;u xkdufol[k olcH,lxm;onf? olonf awG;awm&if;yifqufavQmuf rajymif;vJygvm;/ þwHwm;av;onf acsmif;½kd;eufeufav; wpfckukd aerd o nf / jzwf í wnf a qmuf x m;jcif ; jzpf o nf / ol i ,f i ,f u þwH w m; tarh t d r f E S i f h reD ; ra0;wG i f rD ; &xm;oH v rf ; &S d o nf / atmufwiG f ig;avmif;NyKd if vlowfrBI u;D wpfck tonf;Mum;u rJwpfjym; taemufbufuefBuD;? uefaygif½kd;\ teD;awmifbufwGif ? wrmtkd twGuf ay:aygufcJhzl;onfukd BuHKcJh&zl;onf/ 1958 ck0ef;usif[k yifrsm;ESifh xef;awmtkyftkyf&dSonf/ xdkae&mü a&TOrifausmif;ESifh olxifonf/ zqyv tuJ?G EkwifEiS hf aqGNird ;f tkypf w k Ydk tNyKd irf q J , G af om a&S;,cifu w&m;usifhonfh OriftcsKdU&SdMuonf/ xdkae&mwpf0kduf rSyif umv? ysLapmxD;? ppf&J? cg;ykdufaqmifwyfrsm; vuf&JZuf&J&Sdaecsdefukdrl omoemhtmZmenfrsm; arG;zGm;oefYpifí vlvm;ajrmufcJh NyD;aemuf? olaumif;aumif; rSwfrdaeonf/ þavmuwGif "r®w&m;xGe;f um;zk?Yd avmuwm0efudk o,fy;dk aqmif&u G cg;ykdufaqmifwyfrsm; awmwGif;vufeufukdif tzJGYrsm;? oGm;aom yk*d¾Kvfrsm; renf;awmh/ wpfr*fwpfzkdvf qku d o f mG ;cJMh uaom yxp? zqyv? yrnw ponfrsm;? wpfEkdifiHvkH; twkdif;twmjzifh yk*K¾d vx f ;l rsm;vnf;&Srd nf/ ay:aygufaeaom jrefrmh vlYtzJGYtpnf;\ jzpfpOfwGif þae&m a'oü aenKdnKd avEkat;wGif olawmfpifwkdY\ taiGYtouf xl;jcm;cg;oD;zG,fwkdY ay:aygufcJhzl;onf/ xkdpOfu wyfrawmf taejzifh onfvnf;aumif;? tbkd;wkdY? tazwkdY\ wkdif;cspfjynfcspfpdwf taiGY uspfvpfodyfonf;rI? ckdifrmrI&SdcJhíom azmuf0ifcJGxkwf r&EkdifbJ toufwkdYonfvnf;aumif; jzefYMuuf aeonfukd oltrdt& ½I½Idufae &SdcJhonf/ rdonf/ wyfrawmfonf ckid rf mrI&cdS í hJ om tdraf pmift h pk;d & acwfEiS hf a&uefBu;D \ a&TOrifausmif;bufoYdk OD;wnfaom uefaygif wpfavQmuf? refusnf;yifESifh xaemif;yifwkdY &SdaeMuqJ? &SifoefqJ/ a&G;aumufyJGumvwGif jynfolYb0vkHNcHKrItwGuf twwf EkdifqkH; olwiYdk ,fi,fuawmh uefaygiftajc&Sd refusn;f yifBu;D ay:rS uefa&jyif jznfhqnf;&if; jzwfoef;EkdifcJhMuonfr[kwfygvm;/ 'gawmif Rival-okdY 'kdifAifxkd;csNyD; a&ul;cJhzl;onf/ ]]'kdifAif wifvSwkdY? a&TbBuD;wkdY}}ukd -Force ac:wJh NydKifbuf vufeufukdiftzJGYawGukdzJGY&if; acgif;jzwf ukd,f,lpepfqkdwmrsKd; usifhokH;zkdY? BudK;pm;cJhMuwm&Sdzl;onfukd? awG;vkduf tm;usonf r[kwfygvm;/ jzwfoef;csdefrsm;u rwlMuawmh? vli,fwkdYobm0? olwkdY rd a wmh ol M uuf o nf ; xrd o nf / tif ; av ]]uk e f ; abmif a cwf r S m acwf? olwkdYjzwfoef;csdef jrif&Mum;&od&orQ twk,l? twkckd; wwfMu a&meef;wGif;a&; awGyg ½IyfaxG;MuygbdeJY}}[k txif;om; cHpm;vkduf pNrJ/ olwkdYi,fi,fuawmh ]awmykef;BuD; pHzJ}onf olwkdY\ [D;½kd;yif/ &onf/ ol o nf jref r mh o rk d i f ; aMumif ; \ ygvD r ef ' D r k d u a&pD ajr;wkdYacwfrSmawmh ]usefausmif;}jzpfaeavNyD/ ol i,fi,fu ]pHzJ}um; acwf u k d aMuuJ G 0 rf ; enf ; pG m awG ; awm&if ; wrmyif t k d t m;rS D í ]]r[kwfrcH trSefvkyfaom pHzJonf? &yf&Gm ta&;? ukd,fhta&;uJhokdY}} &yfaevkdufrdonf/ wu,fawmh &ufpufrItaygif;o&zlaqmif;cJh [laom pmom;jzifh ol\ESvkH;om;wGif ]]pH}}jzpfcJhonf/ Muaomacwf u mvrsm;? twå E S i f h tmPmrS t y bmuk d r Q rjrif EkdifMuaom yk*d¾KvfwkdY BuD;pkd;aom umvrsm;ukd ol&GHU&Sm rkef;wD; twå \ tusOf ; om;rsm; ol o nf awmif p Of a &r& awG ; awm&if ; ? rD ; &xm;ES i f h vS N yD jzpf o nf / tawG ; xJ 0 if v mrnf u k d y if pk d ; &d r f a ewwf o nf / okdYaomfraeyg? twå\ tusOf;om;wkdYonfum; avmu vS n f ; vrf ; ul ; ae&muk d jzwf v suf nmbuf & S d ocF s Kd i f ; uk e f ; ajrok d Y roGm;ao;bJ a&SUwnfw h nfu h syw f ;D uke;f ay:okYd wufvmcJo h nf/ þae&m ed,mrtwkdif;? vlYabmifavmuü wcPjzwfoef;csdef rsm;wGifyif a'owpf0kduf tjrifhqkH; urlBuD;jzpfNyD;? i,fi,fu þae&mwGif olwkdY &SdNrJay:aygufNrJjzpfonf/ olYwGif olwkdYb0 jzwfoef;csdef tawGYtBuHK wpfawG? oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhtwl ppfwkdufwrf; upm;zl;onf/ cifwef; rsm;u pkd;rkd;aeonf/ Ak'¨\ tqkH;tr rsm;u euf½dIif;pGm&Sifoefaeonf? awmtkyfESifh MuufvQmqlyifrsm;? oQm;apmif;vufywfyifrsm; tpDt&D avmuNidrf;csrf;rIESifh jrefrmhvlYabmif\ pnfyifom,mzHGYNzdK;wkd;wufrI twGuf qmavmifaeonf/ aygufaeqJjzpfonf/ 'Dawmhvnf; jzwfoef;csed w f idk ;f wefz;dk &Sad tmif? wefz;dk &Sad om awmifurlxdyfü wrmyiftkdBuD;onf pdrf;vef;rIuif;í txD;usefvsuf &Sdaeonfukd olpdwfraumif;pGm jrifvkduf&onf/ rsKd;qufukd wnfaqmufvsuf? wefzkd;&Sdaom tarGrsm; xm;&pfEkdifzkdY? ol\pdwfwGifawmh wrmyiftkdonf taemufbuf a*:&muRef; qDokdY y"metusqkH;jzpfaeonf/ ol\tawG;wGif oltvGefyifav;pm; OD;wnfqif;aeonfh aerif;BuD;tm; vGrf;qGwfpGm Munfhaeonf [k MunfnKdvSaom ]]r[m*E¨m½kH q&mawmfBuD; t&SifZeumbd0Ho}} xif r d \ / nmbuf , G e f ; ,G e f ; rvS r f ; rurf ; wG i f Z&yf t k d w pf v k H ; ? a[mMum;cJhaom ]]tvum;vlawGom&Sdaom? tvum;avmuBuD;ü? topfaqmufxm;onfh Z&yfwpfvkH;? tkwf*lrsm;ESifh tedrfhtjrifh rnD tvum;ae½kHjzifh tvum;aumif; vmOD;rnfxifovm;/ avmurSm tusnf;wefovkd&Sdaom ajrykHrsm;ESifh ikwfwkdifav;rsm;ukd txift&Sm; aumif ; w,f q k d w m uk d , f h u sif h y grS aumif ; w,f ? uk d , f u sif h r ygu vSrf;jrifae&onf/ xkdae&mwGif tbkd;ESifh taz\ tkwf*lrsm;&Sdonf/ raumif;Ekdif}} qkdonfh tqkdtrdefYu pD;qif;oGm;onf/ aetkdtkdonf pkH;pkH;jrKyfvkwGif teD&ifhESifh MuufaoG;a&mif pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y a&mvsuf ol Y t m; EI w f q uf a eonf / aetk d t k d w G i f ? yif u k d , f t yl rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

A STUDY OF THE LAW OF KAMMA "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS jrwfpGmbk&m;\ oHk;ckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ vuFmaqmifyk'f þum;ukokdvf? tukodkvf[k? xdkxdk"r®? cGJjcm;jy? Ak'¨&Sifawmf jrwfygbk&m;..../ (4) okynwåm acgye? aweb*0wm om0umeH? edAÁme *grdedy#d y'g/ xdak *gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;onf O*¢g#dwnL 0dypdö wnL ae,sy' y&r[kqt kd yfaom om0uav;yg; wynht f rsm;wdt Yk m; edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif; aumif;jrwfaom tusihfw&m; r*¾if&Spfyg;udk aumif;pGmraoG a[mMum;awmfrt l yfygay\/ þum; a*gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ av;ckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygay onf/ vuFmaqmifyk'f edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif; w&m;aumif;[k vrf;aMumif;r*¾? ñTeu f m jy? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;..../ (5) tbdeyd aæ Eém acgye? wó b*0awm vmabm tbdeyd aæ Eém odavmaum/ ,m0rancwdå,m ordÜ,m,rme½lyg0d[&EÅd 0d*wr a'gacgye? aomb*0g tm[m&H tm[ma&wd/ xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;tm; (1) vmbfylaZmf? ouúm&onf vGefuJrsm;jym;jzpfyGm;av\/ (2) aus;Zl;owif; ausmfapmjcif;onf pMu0Vmwpfaomif; taygif; rqHh ysHUESHUav\/ (3) rif;ESiw fh uGaom vlewfjA[®m owå0gtaygif;wdo Yk nf xdjk rwf pGmbk&m;udk qyGm;uJrdk; MunfndKjrwfEdk;Muukef\/ þod k Y tbd e d y æ E é v mb? tbd e d y æ E é od a vmu? wdavmuyoEétjzpfudk cH,lawmfrl&ygvsuf xdka*gwrxGwfxm;? oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf rmefaxmifrmefvSpf rmef,pfjcif;uif;pGm? aumif;qd;k a&m`yrG ;f qGr;f tm[m&udk rQwNird ;f at; bkO;f ay;oH;k aqmifawmf rl\/ þum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ig;ckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ vuFmaqmifyk'f r[mvmb? odavmuESihf? avmut[dk? rsm;MunfndKvnf; a&Tudk,fawmfjrwf? vGefwnhfrwfvsuf? pdwf"mwfjrihfum? r0ifh0gbJ? rmeuif;um? &Sif;&Sif;uGmí? tpmtm[m&? oH;k aqmifp?G Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfygbk&m;.../ ouFe;f ESiafh usmif;? aomif;ajymif;axGjym;? &&mtm;jzihf? aq;0g;rQw? oHk;aqmifpGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;.../ (6) v'¨ o [ma,m acgye? aomb*0g aocgeaÍö 0 ? y#dyEémeH cDPmo0geÍö 0kodw0wH? awb*0g tEkycZÆ{um&m rwH rEk , k a wå m 0d [ &wd / xdka*gwrxGwfxm; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf? aou©&[EÅmNcH&Hum jzihf? rsm;pGmaomif;aomif; tazmftaygif;&Sdygjim;vnf; xdktrsm;pk taygif;pktwGi;f odYk rcsO;f uyfb?J ud, k af wmfjrwfwpfyg;wnf;om {upm &TiNf yKH ; oDwif;oH;k pHaeawmfr\ l / þum; a*gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;\ ajcmufckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö *kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ vuF m aqmif y k ' f aou©&[EÅm? NcH&Hygvnf;? {upm&? usihfaypG? Ak'¨&Sifawmf jrwfygbk&m;.../

(7) ,xm0g'D acgye? aomb*0gwxmum&D ,xmum&D wxm0g'D / xdak *gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;onf a[mMum;awmf rlonhftwkdif; usihfoHk;awmfrl\/ usihfoHk;awmfrlonhftwkdif; a[mMum; awmfrl\/ þum; a*gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;\ ckepfcak jrmuf aom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ vuF m aqmif y k ' f a[mwkdif;vnf;usihf? usihfwkdif;vnf;a[m? tpOfacsmvsuf? avsmfaom"r®? usihfaypGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;.../ (8) wd P Ö 0 D p d u d a pö m acgye? aomb*0g 0d * wuxH u axm y&d a ,m od w ouF a yÜ g ? tZÑmo,H tm'd j A[® p &d , H / xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf jrwfaomrSD&m OD;pGmaom tusihfjzpfaom? t&d,mr*fjzihf ouf&SdoufrJh y&rwfynwf cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYü? ,HkrSm;jcif;udk ul;ajrmufawmfrl\/ awG;awm BuHpnfjcif;\ NyD;qHk;jcif;? Nidrf;at;jcif;odkY a&mufawmfrl\/ þodkY t&m cyford ;f wdüYk ,Hrk mS ;oHo,uif;Nird ;f jcif;onf? a*gwrxxGwx f m; oAÁnK jrwfpGmbk&m;\ &Spfckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ vuF m aqmif y k ' f tm'djA[®? p&d,[k? t&d,r*¾? jrwf"r®jzihf? oHo,odkYavm? awG;awmjcif;rS? uif;aypGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;.../ {0H (y) £rdemya*Fe orEém*wH ow¬m&H ae0twDwH ao orEk y ór eyaew&[d tnMw aweb*0wm/ þodkY ,xmbkpö&Spfjzm *kPft*FgESihf jynfhpHkawmfrlaom xdka*gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;udMk uOfxm;í tjcm; wpfyg;aom ow¬m[kac:qdktyfaomyk*¾dKvfudk tuREfkyfodMum;rif;\ wpfoufwm twGi;f od?Yk a&S;uvnf; rawGUrjrifc&hJ yg/ ,ckvnf; rawGU&yguke/f aemif vnf; awGU&rnfr[kwfygukefwum;/ ,xmbk p ö * k P f a wmf (8) yg; (1) vlewfjA[®m owå0gwdkY\ twå[dwokctvdkYiSm tvGef tuJ usihfawmfrljcif;/ (2) oGmu©mwwm tp&Sdaom *kPfawmf (6) yg;&Sdaom w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrljcif;/ (3) ukodkvf? tukodkvf tp&Sdaom w&m;rsm;udk cGJjcm;í a[mMum;awmfrljcif;/ (4) edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif;w&m;udk xkwaf zmfa[mMum;awmfrjl cif;/ (5) r[mvmb? r[mxkwdaCmo? wdavmuyoEétjzpfudk cH,lawmfrl&ygvsuf? rmefrmeuif;pGm tm[m&udkoHk;aqmifawmfrljcif; (ypönf;av;yg;udk oHk;aqmifawmfrljcif;) (6) aou© &[EÅm wynhfom0ursm;pGm NcH&Htyfygvsuf wpfyg;wnf;arGUavsmf {upm usihfawmfrljcif;/ (7) ta[mESifhtusihf? tajymESifhtvkyf nDñGwfoifhavsmfpGm usihfawmfrljcif;/ (8) t&mcyfodrf;wdkYü ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;awmfrljcif;/ aygif; (8) yg;jzpfonf/ pmud k ; / / (1) okwåef yd#uwf 'DCeDum,ygVdawmf? t|uxm/ (2) rHk&Gmta&SUv,fwDwdkuf t*¾r[my@dw b'´EÅuk@v q&mawmf jyKpkawmfrlaom r[mokw'DyeDusrf; (y) wGJ/ "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/

IN NOBLE ONE'S BIRTHDAY

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS t quf ouf0ifvmMuapNy;D tem*wfomoemawmftwGuf tm;jznhyf g0ifEikd o f l rsm; jzpfvmMuap&ef jyKpak zmfaqmifaeyHrk sm;udk azmfjyaomtusipfh m&dwå ("r®0D&*sme,f) jyKjyifa&;tusdK;jyK txl;aqmif;yg;jzpfygonf/ ,Ofaus;vdr®m &ifao;urÇm (rHk&Gm) tzGJU\ t"du&nf&G,f csufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfaerdygonf/ (1) rsdK;qufopf &ifaoG;i,frsm; trsdK;? bmom? omoem udk cspfjrwfEdk;pdwfESihf Ak'¨omoemawmf tqHk;trrsm;udk ,HkMunf ouf0ifvmapa&;/ (2) rsdK;qufopf &ifaoG;i,frsm;? xl;cRefxufjrufa&;ESifh vdr®m,Ofaus;vmapa&;/ (3) rsdK;qufopf &ifaoG;i,frsm;? tem*wfomoemawmf twGuf tm;jznhfEkdifolrsm; jzpfvmapa&;/ (4) csdKU,Gif;csufwpHkw&maMumihf odrfi,f? tm;i,faeol rsm;odkY ypö,? "r® ESpfXmejzihf ulnDtm;jznhfay;Ekdifapa&;/ ponftm;jzihf y&d[w d pdw"f mwfrsm; arG;jrLay;í? y&[dwtrsm;tusdK;aqmif&if; twå[dw- rdrdtusdK;NyD;aponfudk uav; i,frsm;odkY oifMum;ay;cJhMuwmawG jyefawG;aejzpfonf/ (18.8.2010) aeYwGif tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfaom ,Ofaus; vdrm® &ifaoG;urÇm\ owif;rD', D mESihf rSww f rf;zefw;D &Sif OD;aZmfxu dk x f rH S w,fvDzkef;0ifvmonf/ ]]tpfrç 'DaeY omoemAdrmefq&mawmf OD;aZmwdu eJY awGUvdkY tusO;f axmifw&m;pcef;vkyaf ewm odc&hJ w,f/ tm[m&'ge uReaf wmf wpf&ufpm vSLw,f/ 'DaeY (10) em&DrSm? tcsKyfusaeola,m*Drsm;eJY ur®Xmemp&d, q&mawmf (4) yg;? qGrf;uyfzdkY uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUudk zdwf wmyg/ tzGUJ taeeJv Y J ud, k v fh yk if ef;eJY qufpyfaevdYk ukov kd jf yKjzpfatmif? today;wkdufwGef;csifwmvJ ygygw,f}} [k ajymvmygonf/ Mum;vku d &f wm 0rf;ajrmufomG ;onf/ rdrw d t Ykd zGUJ onf y&[dw taeeJY rdbrJhausmif;rsm;? rsufrjrifausmif;rsm;? bkef;awmfBuD;ynm'ge apwemausmif;rsm;? oDv&Sifausmif;rsm; pojzihf tm;enf;olrsm; udk tm;jznfhay;&wm tifrwefrS tusdK;&SdMuí yDwdjzpfaeMuolrsm;yg/ ck- tjypfwpHkw&musL;vGefvdkY pD&ifcsufrcsrD tcsKyfusaeolrsm;? w&m; pcef;twGuf tm[m&'gevnf; ay;csifovdk? "r®'getwGufvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf&onf/ 'DtpDtpOfudk vGefcJhaom ESpfrsm;uxJu pdwfrSmqE´ &Sdaomfvnf; tajctae tcGifhromcJh/ tckawmh b0rSm vrf;paysmufrnhfolrsm;udk vrf;rSefa&muf atmif aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnhfae&mXmewckwGif ulnDyHhydk;cGihf&awmhrnf/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&onf/

tcktcsdefupNyD;a&SUudk (1) udk,fum,eJYvkyfvkyfy/f (2) EIwfuyJ ajymajym/ (3) pdwfeJYyJ BuHpnfBuHpnf? 'Dtvkyf&JU&vmbf[m aumif ; usd K ;jzpf a p&J U vm;¿ rd r d a umif ; usd K ;? wpf z uf o m; aumif;usdK;? trsm;aumif;usdK; wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfap r, fqdk&if r,fqk uk o d k v f t vk y f a yh g / &vmbf[m aumif;usKd ;rjzpfapyJ? wpfpw kH pfa,mu ,muff udk xdcdkuf epfemqHk;½IH;ysufpD;apr,fqdk&if tukodkvftvkyf ayh g / 'gqd k tjypf & S d w ,f /

"k H & G m Nrd K UtusOf ; axmif t mPmyk d i f y k * ¾ d K vf r sm;ES i f h v,f w D w &m;jy q&mr a':eD e D 0 if ; ? a':wif w if 0 if ; wk d Y E S i f h t wl pma&;ol rOÆ L ou (rk H & G m )wk d Y ur® | memp&d , omoemjyK q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; rsm;uk d qG r f ; quf u yf v S L 'gef ; aeMuyk H / aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f oD w *l q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; onf v nf ; (21.8.2010) aeYu &efukeftif;pdefaxmif tusOf;om; (8600) ESihf 0efxrf;rsm; pkpkaygif; (9300) udk? eHeufpm Muufom;'Hayguf? naepm Muufom;ESifh xrif;jzL auR;arG;cJo h nf/ &efuek u f tzGUJ awG 0dik ;f 0ef;yg0if aeMuNy/D rdrEd iS t fh wl rH&k mG rSuo k v dk &f iS w f Ydk pkpnf;um tvSLaiG (16) ode;f cGJ ydkYvSLjzpfcJhonf/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u xdktusOf;om;rsm;tm; w&m; vnf; a[may;cJhonf/ ,ck rHk&GmtusOf;axmiftcsKyf w&m;pcef;rSmvnf; rdrdwdkY ukodkvfjyKjzpfMuNyD/ reufu 4-em&D 45-rdepfwGif t½kPfqGrf;wef; avmif;vSLzdkY qGrf;cl;tNyD; 7-em&DrSm aeYqGrf;twGuf qGrf;cH<uMurnhf- udk&ifrsm;udk vufbuf&nftcsKd uyfzYkd a&aEG;wnf&ef jyifqifonf/ rd;k a&oH;k csiaf om pdwfjzihf tjyifpOfhtdk;odkYtqif;? avSum;rSacsmfusxm;aom 'Pfu rusdK;aomfvnf; emaeonf/ 9-em&D 45-wGif rdcifBuD;teD; vSJtdyf tem;,laepOf? v,fww D &m;jy q&mrrsm; a':eDe0D if;ESifh a':wifwif0if; um;ESihf0ifac:vmonf/ rdk;uvnf; onf;xefpGm&Gmonf/ cE¨mudk,f emusifrIESihf rdk;\pGyfpdkrIaMumihf em;aeaomfvnf; olawmfaumif;wdkY tvky[ f al om o'¨gpdwu f tcGit hf a&;udk tvGwcf v H rYkd jzpf[k Ed;I aqmf\/ t0wfav;aumufvJum vkdufygvmcJhrdawmhonf/ rHk&GmaxmifydkifBuD;\&Sif;jycsuft& pnf;urf;abmifxJuae w&m;pcef;wpfvwpfBurd jf zpfajrmufatmif BuKd ;pm;aqmif&u G af eMuonf udk om"kac:rdygonf/ e0rtBudrf&SdNyD[k od&onf/ ,Ofaus;vdr®moifwef;q&mrwpfa,muftaejzihf rsdK;quf opf&ifaoG;i,frsm;odYk ud, k u f siw fh &m;aumif;udk wefb;kd xm;usio fh ;kH csif atmif ajymay;aeus o'¨gpdwfu EdI;aqmfNyD/ tcsKyfusolwdkYw&m;pcef; rSm &wJt h cGit hf a&;udk tjynht f 0,lomG ;Edik Mf uapvdo k nhf arwåmapwem wdkY wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:vmonf/ ajymay;vdkpdwfuvnf; tm;rvdktm;r&/ pnf;urf;abmifxJrSm tqifajytmif aqmif&GufMuonfrsm;udkvnf; odxm;onfrdkY NrdKodyfxm;&onf/ qGrf;uyfNyD;tjyef a,m*Drsm;udkajymjycsifwJhpum;rsm; csa&; xm;rdonf/ 'Dpum;pkudk q&mawmfrsm;rSwqihfjzpfap? tusOf;OD;pD;rSL; rsm;rSjzpfap? axmifydkifBuD;rsm;rS wqifhjzpfap? axmifwGif;a,m*Drsm;xH odkY a&mufap&ef tultnDawmif;&onf/

IN NOBLE ONE'S BIRTHDAY "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ axmifydkifBuD;? axmifrSL;BuD;wdkYonf tusOf;OD;pD;Xme txuf tBuD;tuJrsm;xHrS cGijhf yKcsu&f ,lNy;D ? ,ckvkd w&m;pcef;jzpfajrmufatmif q&mawmf? oHCmawmfrsm; yifhzdwfaqmif&GufMuonfrSm tifrwef aus;Zl;wifzdkYaumif;ygonf/ q&mawmfoHCmawmfrsm;taeESihfvnf; ausmif;wku d w f mESihf oHCmudpaö wGab;xm;Ny;D trSm;t,Gi;f wpfcak Mumihf tcsKyf? tusOf;axmif Mu&rnhfvlawGtwGuf pdwftusOf;tMuyfrS vG w f a jrmuf & mvG w f a jrmuf a Mumif ; ? tuk o d k v f tusd K ;ay;awG r S vGwfajrmuf&mvGwfajrmufaMumif; <ua&mufNyD; w&m;jzihfaumif;usdK; awG&atmif aqmif&u G af y;MuonfrmS tifrwefrS aus;Zl;Bu;D vSygonf/

raumif ; wmBuH ? rrS e f w mvk y f ? r[k w f w majym&if ? udk,f[m udk,hf&JU&efolyJ/ rdrdudk,fudkcspf&if &efoltppf jzpfwJh avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? 'd | d ? remvd k 0 ef w d k p wJ h twG i f ; pd w f tnpf t aMu;awG u d k wd k u f x k w f y pf y g/ oD v eJ Y tvS q if y g/ ud k , h f a qG u d k , f h r sd K ;awG u trsd K ; vd k Y ajym&rS m &S u f w J h b0rsd K ;uae? ]]'D v l a v;awmf v k d u f w m}} qdk&if? ]]usKyfwdkYtrsdK;}}vdkY *kPf,lcsifMuwJhvlawGrsm; vmwJh b0a&muf v mr,f / vlwidk ;f [m trSm;ruif;ygbl;/ rrSm;zl;wJo h l r&Syd gbl;/ ]]arG;zGm; jcif;}} eJY ]]aoqHk;jcif;}} Mum;umv ]]b0}} udk? oufwrf;twkdif;twm wpfckpDtxd udk,fpD&cJhMuNyD/ i,fpOfu taMumif;wpfckjyefpOf;pm;&if raeYuvdkbJ rMumao;bl;/ vufuseftcsdefua&m b,favmufMumOD; rSmygvJ¿ b,faeY 'Db0u xGufcGm&rvJ rodEdkifayrJh toHk;csbdkYtcsdef trsm;Bu;D ruseb f ;l qdw k mawmh aocsmw,f/ vuf&t dS csed af v;rSm tjrihf qHk;tusdK;tjrwf&atmif BudK;pm;MuzdkY owday;csifwmwpfckyg/ tjyifavmuç rdrdtdrfrSm 'Dvdk w&m;tvkyftm;xkwfzdkY tcGifh ta&;? tajctaeeJY tcsdefr&Edkifygbl;/ &aewJhtcGifhta&;udk rdrd&& tusdK;&Sdatmif pl;pdkuftm;xkwf&ygvdrhfrnf/ q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D rsm; a[mMum;orQukd em;axmifaumif;½Hk r[kwfbJ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfNyD; vufawGUb0eJYpyfNyD; toHk;cs&ygrnf/ usihfoHk;&ygrnf/ ,cktcsdefupNyD; a&SUudk (1) udk,fum,eJY vkyfvkyf (2) EIwfu yJajymajym? (3) pdwef yYJ J BupH nfBupH nf? 'Dtvkyef YJ &vmbf[m aumif;usKd ; jzpfap&JUvm;¿ rdrad umif;usKd ;? wpfzufom;aumif;usKd ;? trsm;aumif;usKd ;? wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfapr,fqdk&if ukodkvftvkyf ayhg/ &vmbf[maumif;usKd ;rjzpfapbJ wpfpw kH pfa,mufukd xdcd u dk f kd t f vkyf ayhg/ 'gqdt epfemqH;k ½I;H ysupf ;D apr,fq&kd if tukov k jypf&w dS ,f/ wpfckckudkrvkyfcif owdeJYpOf;pm;qifjcifwJh tavhtusihfvkyf xm;zdaYk wmh vdyk gr,f/ 'Db0rSm 'DcE¨mysuv f Ykd aowJah emuf ,lomG ;Edik w f m 'D ]]ukov kd }f } eJY ]]tukov kd }f } bJ &Sw d m/ tukov kd u f akd wmh ud, k rf ,lcsiv f Ykd 'Db0rSmbJ xm;cJhygr,fqdkvdkY&wmrS r[kwfbJ/ wG,frufESpfouforQ ao&iftukefxm;cJh&rSm bmursm; tESpfom&&SdvdkYvJ/ (1) bmhtwGufrsm;? tukodkvf&atmif olrsm;toufowfrSm vJ/ n§if;qJrSmvJ/ (2) bmhtwGufrsm; udk,f&ydkifcGifhr[kwfwmudk rawmfavmb eJY cd;k ,lO;D rSmvJ? wdu k , f Ol ;D rSmvJ? rvdrw hf ywf,Ol ;D rSmvm;? vSnzfh sm;,lO;D rSm

vm;/ (3) olwpfyg; om;r,m; bmhtwGufrsm; jypfrSm;aeOD;rSmvJ/ &SdNyD;om;umrydkifxuf tydkavmbeJY rawmfwmBudK;pm;wJh BuD;av;wJh tjypf,lOD;rSmvm;/ (4) rkom;qdw k mrSm vdrw f mwpfcx k J r[kwb f ;l / olwyg;cifrif rIysuaf tmif *H;k wku d pf um;? twif;tzsi;f pum;? oGm;ykwaf vvGiphf um;? olwpfyg;tusKd ; ysupf ;D aprJph um;? tusKd ;r&Sw d phJ um;? Murf;wrf;qJqw kd m awGtm;vHk; ygw,f/ vG,fvG,fayhgayhgpum; rajymapcsifbl;/ rSefuef tusKd ;&Sad pwmudk ajzmifrh wfpmG ajymEdik w f hJ tavhtusiu fh kd ysKd ;axmifxm; zdkY vdkygw,f/ ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ (5) ao&nft&ufuawmh olaY Mumihrf aumif;wmtm;vH;k vkyzf Ykd wGe;f tm;ay;ygvdrrfh ,f/ vlYb0&cdkuf ig;yg;oDvav;rsm;vHkatmif xdef;Muprf;yg/ ukodkvfcsnf;jzpfapr,f/ ukov kd [ f m ydu k q f v H b kd /J olygoGm;&if a&mufwt hJ &yfrmS vdck sif wm tukef&ygw,f/ tusO;f axmifxrJ mS aeayr,hf vkyo f rQ? ajymorQ pdwu f ;l orQ udk ]]arwåm}} eJY ]]apwem}} av;xnhNf y;D vkyMf unh?f ajymMunh?f pdwu f ;l Munhf yg/ rdrdudk,fwdkifat;csrf;rI yDwdt&ifcHpm;&ygr,f/ rdrdpdwfuav; at;csr;f vmatmif aexkid v f yk u f ikd Mf unhNf y;D q&mawmfb&k m;rsm; oifMum; ay;wJh bm0em ur®|mef;jzpfwhJ orx 0dyóembm0emawGeYJ rdrpd w d u f kd qHk;rjyifqifNyD; pdwf,Ofaus;vm&if 'DpdwfuyJ udk,hfudkcsrf;oma&muf atmif ydkYaqmifay;ygvdhrfr,f/ raumif;wmBuH? rrSefwmvkyf? r[kwfwmajym&if udk,f[m udk,hf&JU&efolyJ/ rdrdudk,fudkcspf&if &efoltppfjzpfwJh avmb? a'go? rme? remvdk? 0efwdkpwJh twGif;pdwftnpftaMu;awGudk wdkufxkwfyg/ oDveJY tvSqifyg/ udk,hfaqGudk,hfrsdK;awGu trsdK;vdkYajym&rSm&SufwJh b0rsdK;uae ]]'Dvlav;awmfvkdufwm}} qdk&if? ]]usKyfwdkYtrsdK;}} vdkY *kPf,l csifMuwJhvlawGrsm;vmwJh b0a&mufvmygvdrhfr,f/ ]]½kyfudkvnf;jyif? pdwfudkvnf;jyif? jyifqifwkdif;&? jyKwkdif;vS? okcedAÁmefwdkifvdrhfr,f} } raumif;wmBu?H rSew f mvky?f [kww f majymvdYk uk, d [ f mud, k &f UJ taumif; qHk;rdwfaqGjzpfNyD; tjrwfqHk;yef;wkdif vSrf;udkifEdkifMuygap/ 'Dpum;pkukd tcsKyw f &m;pcef;0ifa,m*Drsm;odYk q&mawmfb&k m; rsm;ESihf axmifydkifBuD;rSwqihf Mum;odapygonf/

½kyfudkvJjyif? pdwfudkvJ jyif? jyifqifwdkif;&? jyKwkdif;vS? okc ed A Á m ef wk d i f v d r h f r ,f / aumif ; wmBuH ? rS e f w mvk y f ? [k w f w m ajymvd k Y ? uk d , f [ mud k , h f & J U taumif ; qH k ; rd w f a qG j zpf N yD ; ? tjrwf q H k ; yef ; wd k i f vS r f ; ud k i f E d k i f y gvd r f h r ,f / tusOf;OD;pD;pmMunhfwdkufodkYvnf; "r®&o pmtkyftrsdK;rsdK; vSL'gef;cJyh gonf/ þw&m;pcef;ESihf pmaywdrYk w S qih?f usL;vGex f m;Ny;D aom tjypfrsdK;aemufaemif rjzpf&atmif? tukodkvfudk tvJxdk;EdkifrJh tm;aumif;armif;oefaomukodkvfrsm; &&SdoGm;atmif aexdkifwwf BudK;pm;wwfvmMuygap/ rdru d , kd u f kd apmifah &Smuf&if;jzihf avmuudk apmifah &SmufNy;D om; jzpfatmif aeEdkif? BudK;pm;EdkifvmMuygap/ pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) bmomwyg;wd k Y \ ud k ; uG , f & m bmomwyg;wdkYüum; udk;uG,f&m[lí xm0&bk&m;wpfckudk om odMuukefonfhtwGufaMumihf cyfodrf;aom jzpfrI? ysufrIwdkYrSm xdkwpfckudkom udk;wwf ½dk;wwfMuukef\. xif&Sm;atmif jyqdkOD;tHh? c&pf,Hbmom? r[mrufbmom? bk&if*sb D momwdüYk ud;k uG,&f m[laom pum;\ teufukd ae&mus rod rvdrfrmMuukefonfjzpfí xm0&bk&m;[laom udk;uG,f&m Xmewpfck udkom rSwf,lpGJvef;Muukef\/ xm0&bk&m; [laom udk;uG,f&mXme wpfckom &Sdonf[k rSwf,lMuukefonfhtwGuf urÇm\ tjzpftysuf? owå0gwdkY\ tjzpftysuf tvHk;pHkwdkYonf xm0&bk&m;\ wefcdk;awmf aMumihfcsnf; jzpfukefonf[k rSwf,lMuukef\/ xm0&bk&m;onf rdrdudk ,HkMunfpGm udk;uG,fMuukefaom vltaygif;wdkYudk wefcdk;awmf\ tpGrf; jzihf u,fwif\/ xdkvlwdkYü &Sdaom 'kp½dkuftjypfwdkYudk wefcdk;awmf\ tpGr;f tm;jzihf aysmufNird ;f apí aoonfraS emufü rdrad e&m aumif;uif bHkodkY u,fwifí xm0&touf? xm0& okcudk ay;Ekdifonf[k rSwf,l pGJvef;Muukef\/ owå0gwdkYü aumif;usKd;? raumif;usKd; [lorQwdkYonf xm0& bk&m; jyKjyif&m jzpf&ukef\/ uHaMumihf jzpf&ukefonf r[kwf[k uHudk vH k ; vH k ; ypf y ,f M uuk e f \ / rd r d w d k Y o nf uH u d k t m;xk w f í aeMu&ygukefvsuf uHudk vHk;vHk; ypfy,frIonf tHhMobG,f&SdvS\/ uHqdkonfum; bmom w&m;udk ½dkaopGm emcHrI? ,HkMunfrI? a&epf a&zsef; r*FvmjyKrI? xm0& bk&m;udk aeYpOf &Sdcdk;rI? qkawmif;rI? ynwfawmfrsm;udk rvGefusL;rI ponf jzihf bmomw&m;twGufESihf jyKvyk Mf u&aom um,uHr?I 0pDurH ?I raem uHrw I u Ykd kd uH[í l qdo k wnf;? xm0&bk & m;onf xd k u H t rI u d k jyKMuaom ol w d k Y u d k o mvQif u,fwifEidk o f nf/ rjyKMuaom olwu Ykd kd ru,fwifEidk f [k xdb k momwdüYk rSwf,lMuukef\/ jyKMu&onfudk uH[lí rodMuukef/ xdkbmomwdkYüvnf;...

(Continue from last week) In some religions, only one refuge, the relux God, is known. So whatever come into exist or is destroyed is attributed to God. I shall make it more clear. In some religion true meaning of refuge is not understood and respective followers regard God as their only uge. Sunce they believe only in one refuge, they it for granted that the appearance and disappear of the world and of beings are due toe the power God. They believe that God saves those who faith in him by his supernormal power. With this power he can wash away all sins and evils of beings and give them eternal happiness and eternal life after death. The good and evil results of beings depend on the will of God. They disbelieve in kamma, thinking that kamma is not the cause of such results. It is most surprising that those who are really performing kamma, entirely disregard their own acts. Kamma means physical, verbal and mental actions of practising the teachings of a particular religion; certain auspicious acts, worshipping and praying to God daily, obeying his commandments, etc., are really kammas. Those people believe that God saves only those who perform such deeds but not those who do not do so; but they do not realise that such deeds are really "kamma." In those religions also there are four kinds of refuge. In . Buddhism, they are the Buddha, the Dhamma, the San gha and Khamma. But in those religions they are: (1) Refuge in God (2) The commandments of God (3) Prophets and priests (4) Their own kamma in the performance of their religious rites and duties. The priests and missionaries of those religions do not realise that in their religions alos there are several kinds of refuge. So they regard God as their only refuge and disregard their kamma. Consequently they believe that good and evil, prosperity and ruin, happiness and suffering of all beings are created only by

. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. (1) xm0&bk&m;onf udk;uG,f&mwyg;/ (2) xm0&bk&m;\ ynwfawmfonf udk;uG,f&mwyg;/ (3) aumif;uif wrefrsm;ESiw fh uG c&pfq&m? r[mrufq&m? tp&Sdaom omoemjyKq&mrsm;onf udk;uG,f&mwyg;/ (4) rdrdwdkYjyKMuaom bmom0wå&m;rI [laom uHonf udk;uG,f&mwyg; [lí Ak'¨bmomrSmuJhodkY udk;uG,f&m 4 yg;jzpf\/ jyqdk tyfcJhNyD;aom q&m0efBuD; Oyrm twdkif;yifwnf;? xdkbmomwdkYü usrf;jyK q&m? omoemjyKq&mwdkYonfrlum; rdrdbmomwdkYüvnf; ud;k uG,&f m trsK;d rsK;d &So d nf? rBurH Md uukeaf omaMumihf uHukd vH;k vH;k y,fí xm0& bk & m;[l a om ud k ; uG , f & mwyg;wnf ; ud k o m rSwf,lMuonfhtwGufaMumihf vlwdkYü aumif;rI? qdk;rI? jzpfrI? ysufrI okc 'ku© tvHk;pHkwdkYonf xm0& bk&m; tpGrf;aMumihfom jzpf&ukef\/ xm0& bk&m;rSwyg; jzpfEidk &f ef taMumif;r&Syd J pG, J Ml uuke\ f / aumif;rI? qd;k rI? jzpfr?I ysurf ?I okc 'ku© wdYk jzpfymG ;&ef taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d &So d nfukd rodMuuke/f avmuü ypönf;Opömr&SdMuukefaom olwdkYtm; ypönf;Opömudk tvdk&SdMuukefonf&Sdaomf xm0&bk&m; udk;uG,fqkawmif;rS ypönf; Opö m ud k &Ek d i f o avm? od k Y r [k w f ul v D v k y f j cif ; ? awmif o l v ,f , mvk y f j cif ; ? ul ; oef ; a&mif ; 0,f j cif ; tp&S d a om ypöKyÜefuHudk jyKvkyftm;xkwfrS ypönf; Opömudk &&SdEkdifoavm/ (ar;&ef) xm0& bk&m;udk udk;uG,fqkawmif;vQif ypönf;Opöm&onf[k urÇmay:rSm t½d;k tpOf r&S?d ypöKyeÜ u f u H kd jyKvyk v f Qif ypön;f Opöm&rIonf um; urÇmay:rSm t½dk;tpOf rsufjrif'd|jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf ,ckb0ü ypönf;Opöm&rIonf xm0&bk&m;ESihf roufqdkif? ypöKyÜefuHESihfom oufqdkif onf[k ,HkMunfxdkuf\/ xm0&bk&m;onf ypönf;Opömudk ay;Ek d i f a om wef c d k ; r&S d ? ypö K yÜ e f r I u H o nf o mvQif ypö n f ; Opö m ud k ay;Ekdifaom wefcdk;&Sd \/ tu,fí xm0&bk&m;onf ypönf;Opömudk ay;Ekdifaom wefcdk; &SdcJhjim;tHh? xm0&bk&m;udk ,HkMunfpGm udk;uG,fMuukefaom

God and not due to any other cause. They do not know that there are various and different causes for these. In this world, is it simpley by worshipping and praying to God that the poor who desire wealth can get it or would they get it by the present kamma of working diligently as a labourer, farmer, trader, etc.? The answer is- Wealth is not usually obtained by worshipping and praying to God. On the other hand acquisition of property by performing the present kamma is quite evident in this world. Therefore it is believable that acquiring property in this life is due to the present kamma and has nothing to do with God. God has no power to give property to anyone. Only the present kamma can do so. If God had such power to give wealth, his faithful followers would have no occasion to perform the present kamma. They would be enjoying riches given by him; and those who are not his followers would no get any property although they were diligently performing the present kamma. But it is not so. The devout followers of God have to perform the present kamma in order to acquire wealth and property; and those who are not his followers alos can acqure it if they desire, by performing the present kamma. For this reason, the acquisition of wealth in this life is the result of the present kamma. It is not the gift of God. Similarly, if one desires education and knowledge, one can get it by performing the present kamma of studying and learning. They can not as a rule be acquired by worshipping God. If one wishes to be a goverment officer, one will have to study goverment rules and regulations. Goverment posts cannot ad a rule be obtained by worshipping and praying to God. Thus we can see with our eyes that all the worldly gains are obtainable only bye the power of the present kamma and not by the power of God. The believers in God believe that by worshipping God faithfully, they are freed from all their sins and evils. However, as

. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

vlrsKd;wdkY tm; wpfpHkwpfckaom ypöKyÜefuHtrIudk jyKvkyfzG,fr&Sd? xm0& bk&m; ay;aom ypönf;OpömESihf csrf;om<u,f0í aeMuukef&m\/ xm0&bk&m; udk rukd;uG,fMuaom vlrsKd;wdkYtm; ukefoG,fjcif;? v,f v k y f j cif ; ? tp&S d aom ypö K yÜ e f u H t rI w d k Y u d k jyKvk y f t m;xk w f & uk e f a omf v nf ; xm0&bk & m; ud k rudk;uG,fMuaomaMumihf wrl;wyJrQaom ypönf;OpömudkrQ r&EkdifMu ukef&m? xdkodkYum; r[kwf? xm0&bk&m;udk tNrJudk;uG,fMuaom olwdkY onfvnf; ypönf;Opömudk tvdk&SdMuukefonf&Sdaomf ypöKyÜefuHtrIudk jyKvk y f t m;xk w f M urS y if &Ek d i f M uuk e f \ / xm0&bk & m;ud k rudk;uG,fMuaom vlrsKd;wdkYonfvnf; ypöKyÜefuHtrIudk jyKvkyftm;xkwf MuvQif ypönf;Opömudk &EkdifMuukef\/ xdkYaMumihf ,ckb0ü ypönf;Opöm csrf;omrIonf xm0&bk&m;\ qdkif&mr[kwf? ypöKyÜefuH\ qdkif&m jzpf ownf;/ þenf;twl twwfynm tvdrrf mudk tvd&k cdS v hJ Qif oifMum; avhusurf [ I al om ypöKyeÜ f uHuo kd m tm;xkwrf &S Ekid o f nf/ xm0& bk&m; udk udk;uG,fvQif &Ekdifonf[k urÇmt½dk;tpOfr&Sd? tpdk;& vkyfvdkvQif tpdk;& Oya'rsm;udk oifMum;tm;xkwfrS tpdk;&jzpfEkdifonf/ xm0& bk&m;udk udk;uG,fvQif tpdk;&jzpfEkdifonf[k urÇm t½dk; tpOf r&Sd? þodkY tp&Sdojzihf tvHk;pHkaom avmu pD;yGm;wdkYü ypöKyÜefuH\ tpGrf; onf t½dk; tpOf rsufjrif 'd|jzpf\/ xm0&bk&m;\ tpGrf;[lí t½dk; tpOfr&Sd/ xm0& bk&m;udk MunfndKpGm udk;uG,fMuvQif rdrdwdkYjyKrdMu aom 'kp½du k t f jypfwrYkd S uif;vGwMf uukeo f nf[k rSw, f pl v JG ef;Muuke\ f / ,ckb0 tema&m*g pGu J yfMuaom olwo Ykd nf xm0& bk&m;udk ud;k uG,f vQif tema&m*g tjypfwdkYrS vGwfuif;Muukefonf[k t½dk;tpOf;r&Sd? aq;0g; "mwfpmwdu Yk kd rS0D jJ cif;wnf;[laom ypöKyeÜ u f u H kd jyKvyk v f Qif tem a&m*g aysmufNidrf;onfrSmrlum; t½dk;tpOf rsufjrif'd|jzpf\/ xm0&bk&m;udk ud;k uG,v f Qif ,ckb0ü ayG;n§i;f ? wif;wdyef m? wpfckudkrQ aysmufNidrf;apEkdifonf[lí t½dk;tpOf rsufjrif'd| r&SdMu bJvsuf xm0&bk&m;udk udk;uG,fMuvQif aemufb0twGuf 'kp½dkuf tjypfwdkYrS uif;vGwfMuukefonf[k rSwf,lpGJvef;MurIonf tvGeftHhMo zG,f&Sdonf/ xm0&bk&m;udk udk;uG,fqkawmif;vQif ,ckb0ü wrl;wef csrf;omudk&onf? wrwfwef csrf;omudk &onf[k t½dk;tpOf rsufjrif 'd| r&SMd uygukeb f v J suf xm0&bk&m;udk ud;k uG,v f Qif aoonfrS aemufü aumif;uifbHkodkY a&mufí xm0&touf? xm0& okcudk &Muukefonf [k rSwf,lpGJvef;MurIonfvnf; tvGeftHhMozG,f&SdvS\/ xdkYaMumihf ,ck b0ü r&ao;aom aumif;usKd;csrf;omtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk &Mujcif;onf ypöKyÜeftvdrfrmuHtrsKd;rsKd;\ qdkif&momjzpf\/ xm0&bk&m;\ qdkif&m r[kwf[k urÇmay:wGif t½dk;tpOf rsufjrifukd,fawGU jzpfMuukefí owå0gtaygif;wdkYtm; ypöKyÜeftvdrfrmuHomvQif udk;uG,f&m &SdMuukef onf[k {uefrkcs ,HkMunfxdkufvS\/ þodYk ypöKyeÜ af umif;usK;d csr;f om t&mü owå0gwdt Yk m; ypöKyeÜ f tvdrfrmuHonfomvQif udk;uG,f&m &Sdonf\ tjzpfudk urÇmay:wGif rsufjrif udk,fawGU jzpfMuukefojzihf aoonfrS aemufütxufaumif; uifbHktp&Sdaom aumif;jrwf&m bHkb0odkY a&mufMu&mrSmvnf; 'ge? oDv? tp&Sdaom tvdrfrmuH trsKd;rsKd;\om oufqdkif&m jzpf\/ xm0&bk&m;\ oufqkdif&mr[kwf? xm0& bk&m;onf 'ge? oDv tp &Sad om tvdrrf muHrsK;d r&Sad omolwu Ykd kd aumif;jrwf&m bHb k 0odYk a&muf

a rule, the sick are not cured by taking refuge in God only. On the other hand, we have seen with our own eyes that the present kamma of medicine and diet has cured them. What a surprising thing it is to hold that they would be freed from the result of their sins in the next existence by worshipping God whild even a disease such as ringworm, is not usually cured by praying to God in this life. Again, since even trifling wealth cannot as a rule be acquired by merely parying to God in this life, it is also surprising that they believe that by praying to God, they would go after death to heaven, where they can enjoy a life to eternal happiness. Now, having seen with our own eyes that wealth and happiness that have not previously been attained in this life is achieved by virtue of different kinds of present kamma and not by favour of God, we can fully believe that there is not other refuge than the present kamma for acquisition of wealth and happiness in this life. In the same way, we can believe that attainment of the higher plane of existence after death is also due to the wholesome kamma. It has nothing to do with God. God cannot make one who is whithout such wholeseome kamma, to be reborn on a happy plane of existence. Those who have such kamma can attain the higher states of existences although they do not pray to God. Various beneficial results in the next existence means either rebirth as a member of a well- to- do or ruling family, or rebirth in the deva and brahma world as a powerful deva, sakka or brahma and so forth. Hence the Buddha declares "Sabbe satta- kammappat.isaran.a-" Note re: Kammada-ya-daA being has two khandhas: rupakkhandha- and na- makkhandha- (Corporeality group and mindgroup). The corporeality group consists of head, hands, legs etc. Mind group means thoughts and consciousness. Of these two, the corporeality group comes to dissolution once in each existence; it has different shapes or forms in each existence. As for the mind group, there is no break in its process. It continually arises in succession from one existence to another. Good kamma causes it to arise in successive happy existences. Wherever the mind group arises, there a new and different corporeality- group comes to be formed. The Bad kamma causes the mind-group to arise in lower states of existence. Here ends the discourse on "Kammassakata- Samma-dit.t.hi".

atmif ru,fwifEkdif? xm0&bk&m;udk rudk;uG,faomfvnf; 'ge? oDv? paom tvdrfrmuH&Sdaom olwdkYonf aumif;jrwf&m bHkb0odkY a&muf EkdifMuukefonf[k ,HkMunftyf\/ aemifb0 aumif;usK;d csr;f om trsK;d rsK;d qdo k nfum; aoonf rSaemufü vlYbHk ewfbHk jA[®mbHkü jzpf&jcif;? olaX;rsKd; ol<u,frsKd;? rif;rsK;d ? pd;k rsK;d wdüYk vljzpf&jcif;? txufaumif;uifbw kH üYkd wefc;kd Bu;D aom ewf? odMum;? jA[®mjzpf&jcif;tp&So d nfww Ykd nf;? xkaYd Mumihf ]]oaAÁ owåm ur® y#do&Pm}} [lí a[mawmfrlonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; tyd k i f ; ) omoemjyKwd k Y \ t"d | mef omoemjyKvkyfief; xrf;vdkolwdkYtwGuf... omoem omoemjyKvkyfief; omoemjyKwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;[lí tydkif;BuD;oHk;ydkif;wdkYjzihf qpfydkif;xkwfqdkum jyocJhNyD;acsNyD/ xdkjyocsufrsm;onf.... 1/ omoem[laom pum;&yf\ t"dygÜ ,fukd wdwyd y yHak zmfwwf &ef twGufwnf;/ 2/ omoemjyK[laom pum;&yftwdkif; enf;xHk;usus jyKrlwwf Mu&eftwGufwnf;/ 3/ omoemjyKwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;udk xdxdrdrd xm;&Sdwwf Mu&eftwGufwnf;/ v,form;onf &moDuRrf;rS pyg;&\/ rkqdk;onf awmuRrf;rS om;aumif&\/ pnf;½Hk;a&;orm;onf "avhuRrf;rS atmifyef;&\/ onhfyrmvQif.... omoemjyK0efxrf;om;wdo Yk nfvnf; rdrd jyKpyk sK;d axmif&rnfh ... omoemjyKvkyfief;twGuf ppfwdkufvdkol...vufeuf? &du©m? vl jynhf0ae&onhf yrm rdrdwdkYüvnf; omoem[laom t&nftcsif;vufeuf? omoemjyK[l aom vl? pdwfaeoabmxm;[laom &du©m xdkoHk;jzmwdkYjynhf0uRrf;usif rS atmifyef;& 0efxrf;aumif;tjzpf cH,l&rnfjzpf&um; þü xkwfqdk jyjcif;wnf;/ tdk....omoemjyK0efxrf;om;.... oifum; a&S;a&S;wdkY rsKd;cspdkufysKd;xm;cJhMuygukefaom o&uf? yiftBdk u;D wdrYk S o&ufo;D 0if;0if;jynhf trSnrfh sm;udk cl;qGwpf m;oH;k vsuu f &SdacsNyD/ oihef nf;wl aemufaemufwdkYvnf; t&omjynhf o&ufoD;? t0if;trSnhf? rsm;udk pm;vdkMuvdrhfrnf[lí oifawG;rdygoavm? awG;rdcJhacsaomf igonf trSnhfudkcl;pm; taphudkum; rsKd;pm;tjzpf rsKd;xm;cJhtHh.... þodkYaom o'¨gt&if;cH apwemtqHoGif; apwemt&if;cH o'¨gtrSefcsOf;wdkYjzihf rdrdpdwfudk txl;oefYpifapvsuf atmufygtwdkif; t"d|mef jyKtyf&m\/

avmuDom;rsm;onf avmbudk t&if;ES;D xm;vsuu f Bu;D yGm;wd;k wufatmif tm;cJ aeMu&m... igwdkYonf.... avmbrzuf uH ÓPf 0D&, d oH;k csuw f jYkd ziho f m wd;k yGm;atmif BudK;pm;jyrnf.... 2/ avmuom;rsm;onf.... a'gocsif;NydKifvsufu tEkdifbuf vkaeMu&m igwdkYonf.... a'gorouf wpfzufom;odYk t½H;I ay;vsuu f igwdb Yk uf tEkid f ,ljyrnf... 3/ avmuom;rsm;onf trSm;udk trSefxm; todrSm;rsm;jzihf BuD;yGm;wdk;wufatmif BudK;pm;aeMu&m... igwdkYonf.... trSefudk trSefxm; rSefuefaom awG;ac:ajrmfjriftm;jzihf BuD;yGm;wdk;wufatmif pGrf;aqmifjyrnf.... 4/ avmuom;rsm;onf olwumhxdyfxuf vkwufaevsufu olwumhz0g;atmuf a&mufaeMu&m igwdkYonf.... olwumhz0g;cif; vnfpif;ay;jcif;jzihf olwumhxdyfxufodkY wufEkdif&ef BudK;pm;jyrnf.... 5/ avmuom;rsm;onf ud, k u f siyfh suv f suu f Bu;D yGm;wd;k wufa&; tav;ay;aeMu&m igwkdYonf udk,fusihfrysuf aumif;rGefaom oufarG;rIoufoufjzihfyif BuD;yGm;wdk;wufatmif pGrf;aqmifjyrnf.... 6/ t,lvGJrSm; 0g'jcm;rsm;onf olwumhtrsKd;zsufvsufu udk,fhtrsKd;buf wdk;wuf&ef BudK;pm;Muav&m igwdkYonf.... ol w umh t rsKd ; rzsuf ud k , h f t rsKd ; ouf o uf j zih f o m wdk;wufatmif pGrf;aqmifjyrnf.... 7/ t,lvGJrSm; 0g'jcm;rsm;onf olYbmom zsufqD;vsufu udk,hfbmom oufoufcsnf; wdk;wuf BuD;yGm;&ef vHk;yef;aeMu&m

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

igwdkYonf.... olYbmomrzsuf udk,fhbmom oufoufjzihfom omoem wnfaxmifpGrf;aqmifjyrnf... þum;...oihftwGuf t"d|mef ckepfcsufwnf;/ txufygt"d|mefwdkYonf bk&m;&Sifwdkif; qHk;rNrJjzpfaom u/ tEky0ga'g olwpfyg; oGm;a&mufrpGyfpGJavESpf/ c/ tEkyCmawm olwpfyg; oGm;a&muf rykwfcwf avESihf[laom Mo0g'awmfrsm;ESihf tnDyifwnf;/ wpfzef olwpfyg;wdkYu olYtoufudk owfí BuD;yGm;wdk;wuf &eftm;xkwaf eMu&m igwdu Yk m; olwpfyg; touf rowfjzwfbv J suu f BuD;yGm;wdk;wufatmif pGrf;aqmifjyrnf ponfh bk&m;&Sifa[mxm; ]oav’c} w&m;awmf enf;jrwfwdkYESihfvnf; tnDyifwnf;/ olwpfyg;touf owfjcif;onf udk,fhtouf ao&ef\ taMumif;&if;? olwpfyg; pGypf yJG w k cf wfjcif;onf ud, k yf supf ;D &ef\ taMumif;&if;? olwpfyg; n§if;qJjcif;vnf; udk,fqif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;&if;? xdkonfwdkYudk odjrifaomol rnfolonf vGefusL;&JygtHhenf;/ omoem[lonf bk&m;&Siw f ikd ;f qH;k rtyfaom odum© oH;k yg; aumif;usirfh sm;wnf; omoemjyKvkyfief;[lonf xdkodu©mawmf"mwf tusifhjrwf rdrdüwnfí olwpfyg; wnf apjcif;wnf;/ omoemjyKwdkY pdwfaeoabmxm;[lonf rdrd\ p½dkufESdrfrmefcs jrihfpdwfjyí olwpfyg;pdwfxm; jyKjyif ay;oGm;jcif;wnf;/ odkYygaomaMumihf.... rodrjrifavao;aom avmuom;rsm;tay: trSeftwdkif; odap? jrifapvdkaom aumif;pdwfarG;í u,fwifjcif;onf omoemjyK wdkY\ wm0efwnf;/ wpfzef ½dkif;pdkif;Murf;MuKwfvsuf&Sdaom avmuom;rsm;udk ½dkif;&mrS ,Of? ,Of&mrS Ek? olwpfyg; pmemrIay:&efvnf; omoemjyKwdkY \ wm0efwnf;/ xdkodkY jyKEkdif&efonfum; ud, k u f , kd w f ikd u f vQif tajymESit fh vkyf wpfxyfwnf;usapjcif; [lonfhudk,hfpum; udk,fem;axmifwwfrSyif jyEkdifpGrf;&Sd&m\/ omoemonf olwpfyg; zsufwdkif;um; rysuf? omoemwufaeaomf zsufolonfom ysufwwf&m\/ ud, k o hf moem ud, k zf surf o S mysuNf y;D olo Y moemvnf; olzsuf rSom ysuf\/ ab;tysufonf aoG;ysufavmuf rwGifus,fav/ xdkab;tzsufonf... olwpfyg; rzsufqD;rd rdrd&Sd wPSmrme 'd|dwnf;[laom yyÍö t,kwfw&m;wdkYu rdrdtm; OD;pGm xdk;okwfzsufqD;ypfwwf&m rdrdom vQif txdemwwfvSpGm\/ odkYygaomaMumihf xdkoabmw&m; vufudkifxm;Muum cEÅD arwåm oDv opöm wnf;[laom tpGr;f xuf vufeufwjYkd ziho f m ppfom;aumif;wpfa,muf \ vuf0,f&Sd vufeufonf rdrdtouf rdrdwyf rdrdwdkif;jynf xdkoHk;c umuG,frIay;onfhyrm...

rdrda0ae,s omoemoHk;jzmwdkYudk umuG,fEkdifMu&m\/ a&S;a&S;tavmif;awmfwum olawmfpGmwdkYonf xdkav;rsKd;wdkYjzihf xdkoHk;csuf umuG,fvsuf tpGrf;jyooGm;Mu avNyD/ oifonfvnf; xdkav;rsKd;wdkYjzihf þoHk;csufumuG,fvsuf tpGrf; jyEdkifygap...ownf;/ ed*Hk;pum; ,ck xkwfqdkzGihfjycJhaom pum;pOfrsm;onfum; igwdkYESihftwl omoemjyKvdkMuygukefaom olawmfaumif;rsm; twGufvnf;aumif;? igwdx Yk üH enf;cHusio hf ;kH vdo k l olawmfaumif;rsm;twGuv f nf; aumif;? &nf&G,f&if;xm;rsm;jzihf xkwfqdka&;om;jcif;rQomjzpf\/ wpfzefvnf;... q&mwdkY qdkqHk;rcJhMuonfrsm; raysmufrysufap&eftwGuf vnf;aumif;? toD;oD;wdkYxHrSm udk,fwGif;omoemwnfygap&eftwGuf vnf;aumif;? &nfoefvsuu f yif q&mwdpYk um;tMum; igwdt Yk ,l tq vGef;ysHoGm;xm;um aygif;ul;pyftm;jzihf csJUxGifxm;aom pum;wdkYcsnf; omjzpfMu\/ odkYygaomaMumihf þpmpOfudk tprStqHk; zwf½IavhvmonfESihf wNydKifeuf igwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckum; atmifayNyD[líom rSwf,lygrnf/ tu,f í rsm; þpmvmwd k Y t wd k i f ; ud k , f w d k i f u sih f j zih f udk,fawGUÓPfrsm; {uefoD;yGihfoGm;ygvQifum; aemufqHk; &nf&G,fcsuf wpfckvnf; atmifoGm;NyD[líyif rSwf,lygrnf/ þü 0efcHvdkonfrSm... txufu xkwfqdkcJhNyD;aom pum;pOfwdkYwGif igwdkY\ t,ltqrsm;pGm yg0ifaeacsonf/ xdkpum;rsm;onf &Sifawmfa[mxm; usrf;xGufpum;rsm;ESihf... ydkaomfvnf; ydkav&m\/ vkdaomfvnf; vdkacs&m\/ pmudkMunhfvsufu a&;om;xm;aom pmpOfrsKd; r[kwfacs& um; tHudkufcsnf;jzpfygonf[lí 0efrcHomNyD/ odkYygaomaMumihf þpmpOfudk avhvmoHk;oyfvsuf&Sdaom ynm&Sifonfum; aemifvmaemufom;wdkYtwGuf trSm;rqufrdap&ef rdrdusrf;pmtvm; oabmxm;um xdktvdk tydkpum;&yfrsm;udk jznhfpGufp&m&Sduvnf; jznhfpGuf&pfMuygav/ EIwfy,fp&m&Sduvnf; EIwfy,fypfMuygav/ 0g'rwl jiLplapmif;csw d f tukov kd t f &dyt f aiGUrsm; rwwfMuap bJ aomreóÓPf ,SOfqvsufu &SdMuavaom ynmhtrGef olawmf cRefrsm; yDyD.... olwwfpGrf;ygonfudk olYapwemjzihf omoemawmftm; ylaZmfxm;jcif; þodv Yk Qif oabmydu k v f suf ESpNf cKd uaf wmfrEl idk Mf uygapownf; þqdktyfcJhNyD;aom tpDt&ifrsm;jzihf omoemjyKwdkY xm;&Sd&rnfh pdwfaeoabmxm;[laom tydkif; (3) \ qdkzG,f&mpum; NyD;qHk;jcif;odkY a&mufNyDwnf;/ (NyD ; ygNyD )

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&arS m f b D )

tvS L &S i f r sm;&J U qG r f ; ouF e f ; Ak a '¨ g &o t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&) pma&;olonf i,fpOfuyif pmzwf0goemygcJholjzpf\/ n tcgrsm;wGif w&m;pmayrsm;udk a&eHqDrD;cGufxJ a&eHqD tjynhfxnhfNyD; ckepftdrfMum; &SpftdrfMum; Mum;atmifyif atmfzwfwwf\/ w&m;pm zwfjcif;udkyif *kPf,laerd\/ tcsKdUpmrsm;onf owif;pmzwf&ovdkjzpfNyD; zwfNyD;vQif aysmufoGm;wwf\/ tcsKdUpmrsm;usawmh oufqHk;wdkif rarhEkdifatmif pGJNrJoGm;wwf\/ 'g[mvnf; pmzwfjcif;&JU &vm'fwpfckyg/ pma&;ol&JU pdwfxJpGJNrJpGm &Sdaewmu ig[m ouFef;0wfrnf qdkwm tNrJwrf;vdk &Sdae\/ xdk&nf&G,fcsufaMumihfyif jzpfay:vmwJh avmu"Ha&vdIif;rsm;onf &[ef;b0wnf;[laom aomifurf;rsm;qDodkY ½dkufcwfydkYaqmifay;ae\/ pmzwfwt hJ xJu pGNJ rpJ mG rdrpd w d rf mS use&f pfaewJt h xJu tESpf oufqHk; pmydk'fav;[m atmufygtwdkif;jzpfyg\/ oDv? odu©m? aumif;pGmrpif ykxkZOf qdk;&[ef;rsKd;\ 'um? 'umr o'¨g<uí xm0&vSL'gef; pm;zG,fqGrf;onfvnf; t&Sdef&J&J rD; tvQHpGJonfh oHcJ? oHvHk;awGESihf wlvSav\/ oGm;&yf xdkifavsmif;- ae&mausmif;BuD;onfvnf; 0ef;usif awmufajymif &J&JavmifnD; oHtdk;BuD;ESihfwlvSav\/ udk,f0,fqifjref; &onfh t0wfouFef;onfvnf; t&SdefBuD;rm; rD;vQH0g;onfh oHjym;BuD; ESihf wlvSav\/ vl'um? 'umrwdkYtm;vHk;wdkY\ udkif;ñGef½Hk;í &TifNyHK;MunfndK? ½dkaojrwfEdk; vufpHkrdk;í &Sdcdk;uefawmhjcif;onfvnf; ta&mifwvuf vuf jrjrxufonfh vSH&Gufudkrdk 0dkif;í xdk;onfESihfwlvSav\/ pma&;ol\ taruyfwJhqGrf;wpfeyf þpmydk'fuav;udk zwfcJhpOfuwnf;u pma&;ol&JU ESvHk;tdrf rSm cdkem;aeawmh\/ NidwG,foGm;avawmh\/ ,if;pmydk'fudk tjyefjyef tvSefvSef oHk;oyfaerdawmh\/ 'Dvekd aYJ e&if; ouFe;f 0wf&ef qH;k jzwfNy;D ouFe;f 0wfvu kd o f nf/ udk&if0wfNyD; ESpf&uftMumwGif pma&;ol rdbwdkY tdrfodkY<uoGm;av onf/ pma&;ola&mufoGm;onhftcsdefwGif qGrf;uyfcsdefeD;aeojzihf tar? tazwdkYvnf; vuftkyfcsDuefawmhvsuf tqifoihfjyifqifxm; aom qGrf;uyfvdkufonfhtcg pma&;ol MuufoD;zsef;zsef; xoGm;av awmhonf/ t&ifw;kH uawmh ausmif;oGm;? ausmif;jyef tdy, f m0ifyg ruse?f tcsdefrSefpGmjzihf tar? tazwdkYudk uefawmh&onf/ ,ckawmh tar? tazwdkY\ uefawmhrIudk cH,lvdkuf&jcif;aMumihfjzpf\/ [dkwkef;u tar? tazwdkYudk jrihfjrwfaom ae&mrSm xdkifap&

onf/ tpm; taomufudk a&S;OD;pGm auR;&onf/ ,ckawmh rdrdu jrihfjrwfaomae&mrSm xdkif&NyD; a&S;OD;pGm qGrf;uyfjcif;udk cH,lvdkuf&jcif; aMumihfjzpfyg\/ tar tazwdu Yk m; vuftyk cf srD ysuf qGr;f yGt J eD;wGif MunfnKd av;pm;pGmjzihf xdkifaeMuavonf/ pma&;olonf MuufoD;zsef;zsef;xonhf þqGrf;udk tuyfcH pm;aomufvsufu oDv rpif ykxkZOfqdk; &[ef;rsKd;\ qGrf;ouFef; ausmif;vuftkyfwdkY\ rD;vQHESihfwlonf[laom pmom;av;u pma&;ol \ pdwfudk ae&m,lxm;avawmh\/ tif;....tar? tazwdkY vuftkyfESihftwl uyfonfh qGrf; udkum; oDv? orm"d? ynm? odu©m oHk;&yf tusihfjrwfwdkYjzihfom bkOf; ay;oHk;aqmifoihfyg\/ odkYrSom rdrdvnf; rD;vQHjzihf rdbwdkYvnf; rD;Nidrf; aprnf[k tawG;oabmeJY ai;armaerdonf/ tar? tazwdkY uyfwJhqGrf;wpfeyfonf pma&;oltzdkYawmh usihf&rnfhpcef;? usihf&rnfhvrf;udk wef;aeatmif ñTefjyavawmhonf/ xdkrSwzef yd#upmayoifMum;&ef NrdKUwufí pmoif&mü taronf Mum;zl;em;0&Sdonfhtwdkif; pmoifwdkufrSm tpm;taomuf? taetxdkif qif;&Jw,fqdkwJh taMumif;awG ar;NyD;od&aomtcg tdrfjyef<uvmvQif qGrf;[if;awG pHkvifpGmeJY cHkwifp&mr&Sdavmufatmif tar csufuyfavawmh\/ tJ'g[mvnf; tar&JU arwåmyg/ tarcsufuyfwJh qGrf;ESihf [if;awGtxJrSm yuwdrsufpdESihf rjrifEkdifaom apwem? arwåm? tMuifem? tepfemcHrIawGu jynhfESuf aeNyD;jzpfvdkY t&omaumif;rGefaom qGrf;wpfeyfjzpfay\/ ppfrSefaom arwåm? apwemwdkYrS aygufzGm;vmwJh qGrf;jzpfí bkOf;ay;&aom &[ef;wdkYtwGufawmh ppfrSefrGefjrwfaom w&m; tusKd; yGm;wdk;aprnfomjzpfyg\/ odkYjzpfí taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyfudk tusihfjrwfjzihf pm;rSwf ygvQif r*fzdkvf? edAÁmef0ifonftxd aus;Zl;jyKEkdifyg\/ apwem? o'¨g? arwåmqGrf;udkawmh taotcsm ½IrSwfum pm;Muygav/ pmrsuf E S m 19 rS a&pkefarQmr,hfpdwfrsm;udk qefYusihfí tqefvrf;avSmfcwfzdkY avSmw f ufusKd ;&ifawmif vufeaYJ vSmrf ,fqw kd hJ tm;rmefawG arG;Edik Mf uyg ap/ tusOf;tcsKyfrS vGwfajrmuf½Hkr[kwfbJ avmurSvGwfajrmuf onhf (avmu+Owå&m) avmukw&å mtqifw h ikd af tmif qefwufEikd Mf uyg ap/ ol a wmf a umif ; b0a&muf í vG w f a jrmuf E d k i f M uygap..../ rÍÆ L ou (rH k & G m )

TALKS ABOUT THE TRUE STORY

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

pmrsuf E S m 9 rS ]a&mZ xdkodkYjzpfvQif bk&m;&Sifudk avQmufxm;OD;tHh} [k &SiftmeE´u rdefYMum;NyD; bk&m;&Six f o H o Ykd mG ;um xdt k aMumif;udk avQmuf xm;onf/ ]tmeE´m odkYjzpfvQif pDrHygapavmh} [k bk&m;u cGihfjyKojzihf &SiftmeE´m onf a&mZrv’rif;udk cGihfjyKaMumif; rdefYMum; ajymjyonf/ a&mZrv’onf xdknvGefaomf [if; &GufESihf rkefYcJzG,fwdkYudk pD&ifapNyD;vQif bk&m; &Siftm; vma&mufqufuyfvSL'gef;avonf/ ]a&mZ þt&mwdkYudk &[ef;wdkYtm; vSLygavmh} [k bk&m;&Sifu rdefYMum;aomtcg a&mZrv’rif;onf rdrd pDrHaom [if;&GufESihf rkefYcJzG,fwdkYudk &[ef;wdkYtm; vSLavonf/ &[ef;wdkYonf rtyf[k awG;awmrl oHo, ukuúKpö&Sdonfjzpfí rcH,lMuukef/ xdktcg bk&m;&Sifu pmrsuf E S m 11 rS tvkyftauR;jyKaeaom yÍö0*¾DwdkYu txif tjrifao;oGm;Muonf/ tpmtm[m& jzwf awmufí jyif;jyif;xefxefusipfh Ofu w&m;xl; r&/ bk&m;rjzpfEkdif/ ,ckvdkykHrsKd; pm;aomuf tm;xk w f a eu yk d í yif w&m;xl ; r&Ek d i f [ k awG;awmMu\/ &[ef;a*gwr ur®|mef;vlxGufjzpf oGm;NyD/ vmbfvmb arQmfukd;oljzpfoGm;NyD[k pdwfysufoGm;MuNyD/ olwdkYonf O½ka0vawmrS rk d i f a ygif ; rsm;pG m a0;aom rd * 'g0k e f (,ck qm&feof) qDodkY xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/

]&[ef;wdkY cH,lukefavmh? oHk;aqmif ukefavmh} [k rdefYMum;onf/ xd k t cg a&mZrv’ r if ; onf bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom oHCmawmfrsm;udk rsm;pGm aom [if;&GufwdkYESihf rkefYcJzG,fwdkYudk a&mihf&J onfhwdkifatmif wm;jrpfonfhwdkifatmif udk,f wdkif aumif;pGmvkyfauR;avonf/ qGrf;udpöNyD;aomtcg bk&m;&Sifu a&mZrv’rif;udk w&m;pum;jzihf tusKd;pD;yGm; udk odjrifapvsuf w&m;udk aqmufwnfap um w&m;usio fh ;kH &ef xufoef&iT v f ef;apawmf rlNyD;vQif ]&[ef;wdkY tvHk;pHkaom [if;&Gufudk vnf;aumif;? tvHk;pHkaom rkefYcJzG,fudkvnf; aumif; cGihfjyK\} [k rdefYMum;NyD; ae&mrSxum zJcGm <uawmfrlonf/ (r[m0g awoZÆ u © E ¨ u -a&mZrv’ 0 w¬ K ) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d iJ h u G u f r I u if ; pG m tavmif;awmfonf wpfyg;wnf;ae &ojzihf iJhuGufwG,fwmrIr&SdNyD/ apmapmykdif;u rdrdtm; arQmfvifhwBuD; vkyfauR;aeMuonhf yÍö0*¾DwdkYtwGuf aMumihfMuae&\/ w&m;xl; r&Ekdifonhf taMumif;wpf&yfjzpfayonf/ ,ck xkdiJhuGufrI tvsOf;r&SdNyD/ rQwaomvk H Y v ? rQwaom tm[m&? rS e f u ef a omvrf ; aMumif ; ay:wG i f &yf w nf r d N yD / od k Y j zpf í orm"d t &S d e f w uf v monf / orm"d j zih f

vT r f ; NcKH x m;aom oD v onf yk d í jzLpifoefY&Sif;vmonf/ oDvu orm"dukd tusKd ; jyK? orm"d u oD v uk d a xmuf u l ? oD v ES i h f orm"d ? orm"d E S i h f oD v tjyef t vS e f aus;Zl ; wk e f Y j yef o jzih f ynm [l a om tqih f q ih f a om ½k y f e mrf " r® w d k Y u k d xk d ; xG i f ; od j rif r I o nf v nf ; qif h u J q ih f u J jzpf a y: vmonf / psmef t qih f q ih f jzpf a y:vmonf / ÓPf t qif h q if h wuf v monf / r[mvl o m;Ak ' ¨ þodkYjzihf aAm"dyif (*,moDo) yif ajc0,f uqkefvjynhfaeY ncsrf;tcsdefwGif a&S ; b0taxG a xG u k d tuk e f t pif od j rif a om yk a AÁ e d 0 gomEk ó wd Ó Pf a wmf (yk ) uk d &&S d c J h o nf / oef ; acgif , k H ü ewf r suf p d t vm; t&mtm;vk H ; uk d jrifEkdifonhf 'dAÁpu©KÓPfawmf ('d) ukd &&Sd cJ h o nf / rk d ; aomuf , H w G i f oH o &m tqufquf b0taxGaxGu ygvmaom ud a vomtnpf t aMu;rS e f o rQ 0goem rQyif rusef a tmif uif ; pif y aysmuf a om tmo0u© , ÓPf a wm wmf (tm) &&S d c J h y g onf / yk - 'd - tm ÓPf t jrif o k H ; yg;uk d txGwf txdyfwdkifatmif &&Sdawmfrlojzihf avmu wpfciG w f iG f rnfow l pfO;D wpfa,mufrQ ckdif;EIdif; r&Ekdifaom r[mvlom; Ak'¨tjzpfokdY a&muf & S d cJ h o nf / xk d E S p f u m; bD p D - 584/ xkdaeYum; uqkefvjynhfaeY/

quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf /

pmrsuf E S m 16 rS jyefvnfqifjcif awG;awmaerdqJ? ae0ef;eDBuD;onf pkH;pkH;jrKyfcJhavNyD/ ]]igwk d Y a &S U uvl a wG a &m igwk d Y w awG y g Ak ' ¨ \ avmuD wu,f p if p pf vl Y a bmif a vmu\ taumif ; tqk d ; uk d avmukwå&mtusKd;twGuf tqkH;trawGukd b,favmufrsm; vkdufem zef w D ; ol r sm;onf xk d a cwf x k d u mvuk d zef w D ; wnf a qmuf usifhBuHcJhMuovJ? usifhBuHtm;xkwfaeMuovJ/ vlYwefzkd;? vlYusifh0wf? jzwf o ef ; aeMuol r sm;omjzpf M uonf / avmueDw?d jynfoeYl w D ad wGuadk &m wefz;dk xm; jri§ w hf ifwwfao;&JUvm;/ olonf xkdif&mrSxvkdufonf/ tbkd;wkdY tazwkdY\ ocsØKif; Ekid if eH YJ vlrsK;d udak &m wu,fcsp&f UJ vm;? wu,fwefz;dk xm;jrwfE;dk Mu&JUvm;/ ajr&Sd&mokdY rsufESmrlajcOD;vSnfh vkdufonf/ rdrdwkdY\ *kPfodu©mjzifh om;orD;? ajr;jrpf rsKd;qufawGtwGuf tarGaumif;ay;NyD;? olwkdYukd jynfh0aom orkdif;ukd wnfaqmufxdef;odrf;vsuf wefzkd;xm;jrwfEkd; wu,fwefzkd;xm;jrwfEkd;rI jyKEkdif&JUvm;}} ponf ponf ]]vm;}}aygif; wwfolrsm;aexkdif&m wkdif;EkdifiH\ vkHNcHKrIESifh vGwfvyfrIonf xkdokdYaom rsm;pGmaom tar;wkdYjzifh ol\tawG;onf jrefrmhvlYabmif\ orkdif; yk*d¾KvfwkdY &SdaeorQ wnfwHhaernfom r[kwfygvm;/ aMumif;wpfavQmuf arhaysmufzG,fr&Sdonfh taumif;tqkd; rsm;pGmukd

TALKS ABOUT THE TRUE STORY "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

pdwfaumufaMumif;

t&S i f * k P ao| (pwk b k r ® d u )

wdw Yk pfawG[m rjrif&wJu h w H &m;awG zGUJ ,Suw f nf&adS ewJh avmu&JUtv,frmS vljzpf vmcJh&olawGyg ]oD&drm}/ b,ftwGufvJ? bm twGufvJ rodjcif;rsm;pGmeJYb0ukd vdrfz,f vdrfz,fwnfaqmufaeMu&if; em;rvnfrI aygif; axmifaomif;rsm;pGmukd Ekd;wpfcsuf rSdwf wpfcsuf todÓPfwpf0ufeYJ ajz&Si;f csux f w k f aecJhMuolawGav/ jyefYajymvSwJhavmuBuD;xJ rSm rif;[m ightwGuf odkYr[kwf ig[m rif; twGuf r[kwcf zhJ ;l qkw d mukad wmh ihgESv;Hk om;u rSefuefpGmem;vnfcJhygw,f ]oD&drm}/ 'gayr,fh av r&wmukrd S vkcd siw f wfMuwJh igwdv Yk ydk x k Zk Of t½l;trku d af wGtwGuf arQmv f ihcf su?f awmifw h csuf? vkdcsifrIawGtwGuf tNrJwrf;wdkufyGJ0if ae&OD;rSmygyJ/ jzpfEkdifwm rjzpfEkdifwm igrpOf; pm;ygbl;/ igvdkcsifwm rif;wpfa,mufxJyg ]oD&rd m}/ rku d v f ;Hk Bu;D vSNyv D Ykd qkcd siq f Mdk uygawmh/ oD&rd mqkw d t hJ oHudk Mum;rd½Hk rsuEf mS ukd jrifr½d eHk YJ rvdrfrkd;rvdrfrm ightodÓPfwpfxGmrSm pkwf csufjyif;jyif; ½l;oGyfjcif;awGeJY ig[musqkH;cJh& ygw,f ]oD & d r m}/ rnf o k d Y y if j zpf a p wpf p uú e f Y o m jrif c J h & aom rsuf 0 ef ; wpf p k H twG u f wpf o uf w m &if c k e f c spf r d o l u k d tjypfwifqkdMur,fqkd&ifvnf; ig&J&JBuD;cH0H h ygw,f ]oD & d r m}/ rif ; twG u f e J Y usqk H ; aeolwpfa,muf 'D&mZN*K[ d jf ynf&UJ wpfaxmifh wpf a e&mrS m puú e f Y w d k i f ; &uf p G J w k d i f ; rif;taMumif; ukdawG;&if; olYb0ukdpaw; ae&wJ h t jzpf rif ; od r S o d y gavpuG , f / aeY n rsm;ü cspf o l u d k a wG U &ef ES v k H ; om;u awmifw h aerdw,f/ cPwm awGUqkv H u dk &f jcif; onf v nf ; tm;vk H ; uk d z suf q D ; wwf a om aojcif ; w&m;ud k vuf u k d i f x m;jcif ; ES i h f wlaypG[k pdwfxJrSm cHpm;rdygw,f/ a[m'DrSm jrifae&wJhaumif;uif? a[m'DrSm jrifae&wJh vrif;? pMu0VmwpfckvkH;ukd ig&cJhw,fqkd&if awmifrS rif;rsuf0ef;wpfpkHeJY igauseyfpGm vJ&JU ygw,foD&drm&,f/ tJ'aD eYu qGr;f cHomG ;&if; iSuu f av; awG aw;oDoHukd om,mpGm em;qifcJhonf/ rdrad jcz0g;a&SUrSm a<uusvmwJh opf&u G af jcmuf awGudkMunhfrd&if; olYb0vnf; opf&Gufajcmuf vdk txD;usef vGiafh rsm ajcmufaoGU&ifarm&rSm

vm;[k tawG;vGefNyD; pdwfxJ xifhceJjzpfvkduf rd a o;\/ twl a e oD w if ; ok H ; azmf x H r S m oD&drm\*kPfowif;ukd Mum;&onfhtwGuf oD & d r m\td r f o d k Y qG r f ; cH < ucJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf / tdrfukda&mufawmh oD&drmaeraumif;onhf twG u f xG u f r vm? tapcH w d k Y t m;om qG r f ; avmif ; ck d i f ; av\/ jyef < ucgeD ; &Sdckd;&eftwGuf tapcHwkdY\ az;rrIukd cH,lum oD&drmonf xGufvmí &Sdckd;av\/ oD&drmukd olMunhfrdonf/ BuD;rm;us,fjyefYvSwJh {&mr ½IrNi;D zG,f yef;csu D m;Bu;D wpfcsyu f dk Munh&f ovdk ol r \tvS o nf xif & S m ;ouf 0 if awmufyvGef;vS\/ 'gawmifrS oD&drmonf aeraumif; í tvSrqifEkdifonhftwGuf ol r \NyD ; jynh f p k H a omtvS r [k w f a o;? 'D&mZN*Kd[fjynf&JU tvS bk&ifrqkdwJhemrnfeJY vkdufzufvSygw,f oD&drm/ rif;eJYigh&JUawGUqkHrI[m 'DavmufygyJ? 'Dxuf bmrSrykdcJhygbl;/ rjzpfEkdifygbl;qkdaom tawG;wdkYMum;rS olrt&dyf? olroP²mefwdkYu pdwfukd tcgrsm;pGm pkd;rkd;aeavawmh\/ cHpm; csufwdkY arQmfvihfcsufwdkYonf vufawGUESihf tvSr;f a0;uGmaomtcg wdwq f w d w f o hJ ef;acgif ,H n awG r S m ajcmuf a oG U wJ h t awG ; awG e J Y wd k ; wd w f p G m wpf c k a omopö m pum;uk d &G w f q k d & if ; ol r qD r S wpf p k H w pf c k a om wk e Y f j yef r I u k d r0H h r &J a rQmf v if h a ecJ h r d w ,f / rsuf & nf a wG j ynh f a ewJ h rsuf 0 ef ; awG e J Y aumif;uifBuD;ukd Munhfrd&if; jrifae&wJh wdrf

xlxlawGvkd b0ukd vGihfys,foGm;csifw,f/ ajcwpfvrS ;f vSr;f wdik ;f olrteD;tem;ukad &muf r,f q k d & if pMu0Vmtqk H ; xd rnnf ; rnL rdkufrkdufrJrJavQmufcsifygao;w,f oD&drm/ ta&mifrJhwJh arQmfvifhcsufvdkY qkdavrvm;? 'grSr[kwf ed'gef;r&SdwJh ed*kH;wpfckavvm;? arQmf v if h j cif ; uif ; wJ h reuf j zef a wG t wG u f rsuf&nfuBuKd;ESihf tonf;uGJoHpOf tazmfrJh vGifjyifrSm wkd;wdwf&Gwfqkd igidkyg&apawmh oD&drm? ig.. ikdyg&apawmh/ ]]igh&Sif vGefcJhwJhav;&ufu oD&drm aoqkH;oGm;onf}} oD&drmqkdaom toHukdMum; aomolpY w d u f vuf&u dS rÇmavmuBu;D ESifh jyefí aygif;pyfrdavonf/ wdk;wdwfwJhpum;o HawG u teD;em;u ajymaeayr,fh [kd;ta0;u avESit fh wl vGiahf rsmvmovd?k olbmukrd rS ajym Ekid af vmufatmif tHMh oEIwq f w d o f mG ;av onf/ rS e f \ / wpf c gwpf & H ü pum;rajymbJ EI w f q d w f í aejcif ; onf pum;aygif ; ajrmufjrm;pGmukd ajymjcif;xuf ydí k av;eufap onfr[kwfygvm;/ xkdcPü ouf0ifvIyf&Sm; aeaomurÇmBuD;onfvnf; acwå&yfwefYoGm; ovdkxifrd\/ ol uHMur®mukd tjypfwifcsif onf / xk d Y t wl b0 uk d v nf ; tjypfwifcsio f nf/ tpuwnf;u olrowif; ukdrMum;rd? olrukd rjrifrdvdkuf&&if olvnf; 'D a vmuf c H p m;&rnf r[k w f ck a wmh oD&drm&,f../ ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;u &[ef;awGtm;vkH;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

oD&drm½kyftavmif;ukd tokb½I&eftwGuf <ua&muf&rnf[k trdefY&Sdxm;onf}} tazmf &[ef;uajymonfhtwGuf ol vSJae&mrSxNyD; yk y f o k d ; aeaomqG r f ; wd k Y u k d o G e f u m oyd w f aq;aMumNy;D oD&rd mudMk unh&f eftwGuf ig;&m&Sd aom oHCmwef;tv,favmufu jrwfpGm bk&m;ESihftwl vkdufygvmcJhavonf/ olYpdwf onf cE¨mukd,fESihfruyf? pdwfwjcm; ½kyfwjcm; jzpfaeonf/ olpGJvrf;jrwfEkd;aomoD&drmukd awGU&awmhrnf/ odkYaomf oD&drmaoqkH;oGm;NyD wJ/h ol&Y ifxJ rGe;f Muyfvmjyefonf/ olrY su0f ef;rS rsu&f nfpufwpfcsKUd onf a0'emukd onf;rcHEidk f pG m yG i h f t ef x G u f u svmonf / (ayrawm Zm,wd aomaum? ayrawm Zm,wd b,H) olwpfyg; tm; cspfcifjrwfEkd;rdjcif;aMumihf pk d ; &d r f y l a qG ; aomua&muf & NyD / cspf j cif ; w&m;aMumih f 'k u © ab;uk d ol&ifqkdifae&NyD/ odvsufESihfrkdufcJhav \/ avmuü rod b J u sL;vG e f a omjypf r I x uf odvsufusL;vGefaomjypfrIu ykdírsm;jym;av\/ 'Dokomefukd t&ifu oljzwfoGm; jzwfvm oGm;zl;\/ tJ'Dwkef;u okomefonf ajcmuf a oG U vG e f ; vS o nf / 'D u aeY a wmh yGJaps;wef;wpfckvkd pnf;um;ae\/ okomef&JU t0rSm&Sad om opfyifBu;D wdo Yk nf tvGeBf u;D rm; ayr,fh t&Gut f enf;tusO;f om&So d nf/ aEGO;D rkYd a<uvGihfum ajcmufaoGUukefMuNyD/ av½l;wpf csufaMumihf opf&GufawG a<uusoH? ajrrSm&Sd aom opf&GufajcmufwdkY avwkduf&mygoGm;oH awG wajzmufajzmuf w&SJ&SJ Mum;ae&onf/ ajrykHrkdYrkdYawG [kdwpfacsmif; 'Dwpfacsmif; jyefYusJ aewJv h ½l ;dk awGu okomefudk ykí d txD;useq f ef apav\/ okomef&UJ taemufbufem; tpDt&D aygufaeaom opfyifawGqD tMunhfa&mufrd \/ xkdopfyifawGonf yifvkH;uRwfeD&JaeMu onf / pd e f y ef ; ac:aomtyif r sm;jzpf \ / xk d t yif wd k Y o nf ol a yguf z G m ;&m rd c if o k o mef a jrBuD ; ES i h f vk d u f z uf r I r &S d eD & J a wmuf y pG m vS y Muav\/ t&Gufr&SdawmhwJhopfyifajcmufBuD;awG&,f? ajrykrH rYdk aYdk wG&,f? opf&u G af jcmufawGeYJ [dw k pfp 'Dwpfp vl½dk;awG&,f pwJh tusnf;wefrIawGeJY nDnmpGmaygufaeaom pdefyef;eDeD&J&JawGukd awGU&awmh tusnf;wefrIESihfvSyrIwdkY tm;NyKdif aeovkd xifrd\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;ES i h f o H C mawmf r sm; okomefodkY0ifvmaomtcg AdrÁdom&rif; tp&Sd aom eef;wGi;f om;awG&,f rsm;jym;vSwjhJ ynfol

vlxkBuD;&,fu t½kdaoay; &Sdckd;Muav\/ bk&ifESihfvlxk\ tv,fwnhfwnfhwGif oD&drm \½kyftavmif;ukdwifxm;aom tokbckwif &Sdav\/ olajy;NyD;Munfhcsifpdwfukd renf;csKyf wnf;xm;&avonf/ olEiS fh tokbckwifonf tvSrf;a0;ao;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;trSL;&Sd aom &[ef;wdo Yk nf tavmif;aumiftm; vSnv fh nf í tokb½IMu&rnfjzpf\/ ol ajcvSr;f awG wjznf;jznf; tokb ckwifESihf eD;vmavonf/ &ifvnf; w'dwf'dwf ckefvmavonf/ oD&drmukd aemufqkH;taeeJY tMumBuD;Munhfr,f[k pdwful;xm;\/ olYpdwf xJ olYtawG;xJ oD&drmyJ&Sd\/ usefwmbmrS r&S?d olawGUzl;wJo h &D rd mukd jyefjrifa,mifro d nf/ &ifxJaEG;oGm;av\/ ajcvSrf;oGufoGufvSrf;rd onf/ tjriftm½kHawG wjznf;jznf;ESihf Munf vifawmufyvmonf/ rIef&mrSvif; vif;&mrS &S i f ; vmonf / ol \ pd w f t m;xuf o ef a om tMunhfwdkY OD;wnf&mukd wpfNyKdifeufydkYvTwf vkdufavawmh\/ ][if} jrifvkduf&wJhjrifuGif;aMumihf olEIwfzsm;rS tHhMooHwpfcsufxGufoGm;rdav onf/ wpfukd,fvkH;ykyftufuGJaewJh tokb wpfc?k rowDp&mtvGeaf umif;vS\/ rsupf u d jyL;xGufaeonf/ yg;pyfuvJ[NyD; teHYqkd;wJh t&nfawG tqufrjywfp;D usae\/ 'g oD&rd m awmh rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ oltMunfhvTJrdonf/ a&SUrSm &Sdaom&[ef;tm; ]]ihg&Sif oD&drmum; b,frSmenf;}} [k ar;vkdufrd\/ xkdtcg &[ef; u ]]oihfrsufpda&SUrSm&Sdaom ½kyftavmif;onf oD&drm\½kyftavmif;yifjzpf\}} wJh/ olYcE¨m udk,frS acR;pD;wdkY wpdrfhpdrfhxGufvmMuonf/ rsufpda&SUrSm jrifae&wJhtjzpfrSefukd olYpdwfu jiif;y,faerdonf/ aumif;uifBu;D b,favmuf vSyaeae oD&drm\tvSukd rrDbl;[k olxifcJh onf/ ork'´&mBuD; b,favmufeuf½Idif;aeae oD&drm\tvSavmuf reuf½Idif;[k olxifcJh onf/ urÇmavmuBu;D rSm&Sad om tvSw&m;wdYk pka0;&monf oD&drmjzpf\[kvnf; olYpdwfu jywfom;pGm ,kHMunfcJh\/ olYrsufpdawG oD&drm \ ½kyftavmif;qD jyefa&mufoGm;avonf/ olYpdwfxJ azsmufzsufír&atmif pGJvrf;cJh aomrsufpdonf tjyifodkYjyL;xGufNyD; olYukd avSmifajymifaeoa,mif/ t&ifu yef;Eka&mif EIwfcrf;onf ,ckawmh uGJtufNyD;rJeufum tykyf&nfawG wpdrhfpdrfhxGufusaeavawmh\/ xk d Y t wl vuf a wG ajcaxmuf a wG t m;vk H ; cE¨mukd,fygrusef pGJvef;p&mbmwpfckrSr&Sd awmh/ oltxifBuD; pGJvrf;cJhaom tvSw&m;

onf ol Y p d w f u k d 'Pf c wf a eavawmh \ / xkt d cku d f Munfvifjywfom;aom jrwfpmG bk&m; \w&m;oHwo Ykd nf ½Iyaf xG;aeaomol\pdwu f dk Munfvifapum ay:xGufvmav\/ ]]cspo f m;wkYd þoD&rd mqkad omrde;f rukd MunhfMuygavmh/ touf&SifpOftcgu 'Drdef;r uk d &zk d Y j rif z k d Y & ef t wG u f wpf a eY t ojym wpf a xmif y if ay;Mu&\/ ,ck t cgüum; tvum;yif ,l r nh f o l r &S d / cspf o m;wd k Y ½kyf[lonf þodkYyif ysufqD;wwfMuukef\/ ½k y f w &m;ü rpG J v ef ; oih f ? ½k y f w &m;onf tcgcyfodrf; vSywnfwHhrae? a&m*ga0'em ponfwdkYaMumihf ysufpD;csKdU,Gif; aomoabm &SMd uavuke\ f / t½k;d wdjYk zihf aqmufvyk x f m;Ny;D a&m*g wkjYd zihf jynhEf u S af e\/ rsupf d tp&Sad om 'Gg& uk;d aygufwüYkd npfErG ;f rIwjYkd zihf tcgcyford ;f a&maxG ; íae\/ xk d t a,mif a qmif t vS w&m;wnf;[laom ½kycf E¨muk, d üf rpGv J ef;oih}f } Munf v if a omw&m;awmf t oH \ tqk;H / xkxnfBu;D rm;aom w&m;awmftay:ü olYpdwfu wpfpdwfwpfykdif; ouf0ifrdav\/ tb,fhaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wkEIdif;rrSD tvSykdif&Sif ,aomf"&mrdzk&m;tm; pGefYvTwfcJh onfukd olem;vnfvkdufrdonf/ ajz&Sif;&ef cufcJvSaom wcsKdUw0ufaom avmuykpäm awG u k d jrwf p G m bk & m; w&m;awmf t qk H ; ü ol Y t vk d v d k em;vnf v k d u f \ / ol t &if u avmuBuD ; uk d ½I j rif o k H ; oyf y k H E S i h f ,ck avmuBuD;udk ½IjrifokH;oyfykHwdkY rwlawmh/ rS m ;,G i f ; aomtjrif a wG r S w&m;awmf u ol Y u k d a 0;&mok d Y ac:aqmif o G m ;avonf / olvnf; ac:aqmif&maemufodkY tvkdufoihf a&GUavsmvkdufygrdav\/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf qk d & aomf jzwf o ef ; vmcJ h & wJ h &S n f v sm; aomoHo&mukd jyefvnfokH;oyf&if; Nidrf;csrf; jcif;vrf;pukd ol&SmazGawGU&SdcJhNyD jzpf\/ t&S i f * k P ao| (pwk b k r ® d u ) "r®y'ç Z&m0*fç oD&drm0w¦Kukd a&;zGJUonf)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

jrwfAk'¨\ opömav;yg;w&m;awmfESihfedAÁmef&vkdolwdkYtwGuf þav;csuf ynmEG , f ({&majr-"Ek j zL)

owå0gtm;vkH;ESihf ½kyf0w¦Kypönfrsm; tm;vkH;wdkY\wnf&m þurÇmajravmuBuD; onf tedpöoabmw&m;t& ysufpD;MurnfrSm trSefyifjzpfay\/ xkduJhodkY ouf&SdoufrJht&m tm;vkH; ysufpD;MurnfrSm trSefyifjzpfaomf vnf; rysufpD; razmufjyef rajymif;vJGbJ rSefuefpGmwnf&Sdaernfhw&m;uawmh jrwfAk'¨ ukd,fawmfwkdif twkr&SdaomÓPfawmfjzihf xkd;xGif;odjrifí a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom opöm av;yg; w&m;awmfyifjzpfay\/ a&S;vGefavNyD;aom bk&m;&SifwdkYyGihf &m urÇmwpfckpDwdkYü yGihfxGef;awmfrlcJhNyD;aom bk&m;&Siw f o kYd nfvnf; opömav;yg;w&m;awmf ukdyif owå0gtaygif;tm; a[mawmfrlcJhNyD;jzpf ovdk aemifyiG v fh wåaYH om bk&m;&Siw f o Ykd nfvnf; yJ opömav;yg;w&m;awmfukdyifvQif xyfrHí a[mMum;Murnfomjzpfay\/ toacsFteEÅ pMu0Vmwdo Yk nf rnfírnfrQyif jzpfysuaf jymif; vJGapumrl opömav;yg; w&m;awmfonfom rajymif;vGJbJ tNrJwnf&Sdaernfomjzpfay\/ &cJvSpGmaomvlYb0ukd ydkifqkdifxm; Muaom vlom;tm;vk;H wdo Yk nf BuKcH v J pS mG aom jrwf A k ' ¨ \ omoemawmf B uD ; ES i h f B uKH c k d u f r S m emMum;zkdY&ef tcGihfcJ,Of;vSpGmaom opöm av;yg;w&m;wdkYukd emMum;cGihf&ygvsuf rdrdwdkY ESihf roufqkdifovkd zmodzmomaeoGm;ygu &Snv f sm;vSpmG aomoHo&mrSm 'kua© ygif;rsm;pGm jzihf usiv f nfMu&ayvdrOhf ;D rnfomjzpfayawmh \/ oHo&mb0 0#f'ku©taygif;rS vGwfajrmuf jcif;ukd tvdk&SdMuukefaom vlom;tm;vkH;wdkY onf opömav;yg;w&m;awmf\ odrfarGUeufeJ rI? wdusrSefuefrI? oabmobm0wdkYukd od&SdMu &efvnf; txl;vkdtyfovkd em;vnfod&Sdxm; yguvnf; usihfBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzkdY&ef txl; vkt d yfvaS y\/ ,if;opömav;yg;w&m;awmfudk pmoabmrQyif em;rvnfMuao;aom "r® rdwfaqG vlBuD;? vli,f? vlvwftaygif;wdkYukd

Ak'b ¨ &k m;&Siaf [mMum;awmfrcl o hJ nhf w&m;awmf wdkYrS opömav;yg;w&m;awmfukdyif rdrdÓPfrSD orQ azmfjya&;om;ygtHh/ (1) 'k u © o pö m 'ku©opöm = ('ku© + opöm) 'ku©= qif ; &J j cif ; ? opö m = trS e f w &m;/ ouf & S d o wå 0 gwd k Y \ 32 yg;aom aum|motzkdYtpkudk ½kyfw&m;[kac:ay\/ xkd½kyftpkürSDí odjcif;oabmw&m;av;ukd emrf[kac:ay\/ xkd½kyfemrftpkjzihf aygif;pyf xm;í vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmEkdifjcif;&Sdaom owå0gü wnfaom ½kyftpk emrftpkudk cE¨mtpkukd cE¨m [kac:ay\/ ¤if;cE¨mBuD; &vmjcif;taMumif; w&m;aMumihf onfcE¨mESihfywfoufí 0wfrI? pm;rI? aerIxkdifrI? pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;? vlrIa&;? usef;rma&; ponftm;jzihf tusKd;w&m;'ku© awGukd jyKjyifvkyfaqmifMu&ay\/ vlrI'ku© aygif;rsm;pGmukd aeYpOfcMH u&&if; tkrd I emrI aorI 'ku©awGudkvnf; yl;wGJqifhyGm; cHaeMu&ay\/ rdrdwdkY&&Sdxm;aom cE¨mBuD;ukd auR;arG;&mü raumif;rI'pk ½du k jf zihf &SmazGauR;arG;rdyguvnf; tyg,fav;yg;ukd usa&mufí 'ku©qif;&Jukd cHMu&jyef\/ rsuaf rSmufb0rSmvnf; Oya'ESifh tnD tjypf a y;jcif ; 'k u © u k d cH & ayOD ; rnf / cspfaomolESifh &SifuGJ uGJjcif;? aouGJ uGJjcif;? rcspfrESpfoufaomolESihf aygif;oif;qufqH twlaexkdif&jcif;? rdrdvkdovkdjzpfrvmjcif;wdkY onfyif 'ku©rnfay\/ vlYjynfvlY|me bkHb0 onf qif;&J\/ odkYygí ewfjynf? jA[®mjynf onf vljY ynfxuf rsm;pGm omvGecf sr;f omonf jzpfí a&mufzkdY&ef tm;xkwfMuay\/ xkduJhodkY tm;xkwjf cif;onfyif 'kur© nfay\/ tm;xkwf í a&mufNyD; rwnfNrJjcif;ESihfawGUBuKH&aom tcg qif;&JJ&jyef\/ owå0gwdkYtwGuf 'ku© onf t&dyfozG,fjzpfí tpOfwpkdufuyfí vdkufaejcif;aMumifh rnfonhfykxkZOfyk*¾KdvfrS 'ku©vGwfonfr&Sdacs/ xkduJhodkY qif;&J{uef trSepf ifppfjzpfjcif;aMumihf owå0gtm;vk;H wd\ Yk cE¨mtpkta0;onf 'ku©aygif;rsm;pGm wnf&Sd jzpfay:&mXmewpfco k mjzpfjcif;aMumihf om,m zG,fr&Sd? qif;&Jtwdjzpfí ('ku©opöm) rnfay \[k 'ku©opömukd ukd,fawmfwkdifodjrifNyD;aom Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;jyocJhay\/ (2) ork',opöm/ ork',opöm

= (ork ' , + opö m )/ ork ' , = 'k u © j zpf a Mumif ; ? opö m = trS e f w &m;) 'k u © t usKd ; jzpf a y:vm&jcif ; \ yifrtaMumif;w&m;rSm (wPSmavmb) ac: ES p f o uf c k H r if vk d c sif a wmif h w rI a Mumih f jzpfay\/ vlom;wdkY aeYpOf½kef;uefvIyf&Sm; &ifqkdifajz&Sif;aeMu&aom vlrIudpöt00wdkY onf (wPS m avmb) aMumih f jzpf a y\/ wPSmavmb Bu;D pk;d rItm;jyif;aom tcsKUd aom vlom;wdkYonf vk,ufwkdufckdufjcif;? ckd;,ljcif; paom raumif;rI'kp½kdufwdkYjzihf BuD;yGm;csrf;om atmif jyKvkyfMuay\/ raumif;rIukd usL;vGef rdaomtcg raumif;usKd;ukd jyefcHpm;&rnfrSm "r®wmyifjzpfay\/ ,ckb0rSmvnf; raumif; rIjyKvyk v f Qif raumif;usK;d ukd jyefc&H ovkd aemif b0rSmvnf; tyg,fav;yg;okdYusa&mufí qif;&J'ku©rsm;pGmukd cHMu&ayOD;rnf/ þodkYjzihf owå0gwdkYonf rdrdjyKrdaom raumif;rIukd 'ku© twkd;jzihf cHNyD;&if;cH&if;jzihf 'ku©oHo&mxJrSm usiv f nfí rqk;H Ekid Mf uawmhay/ xkx d 'dk u k w © u Ydk dk cH&jcif;\ t"duw&m;cHrSm wPSmavmbyif jzpfay\/ xkdwPSmavmbukd owdç todjzihf xdef;csKyfrxm;ygu qifaoaemufukd usD;rkduf vkdufonhftvm; wPSmavmb\ owfjzwf 0g;NrKdjcif;ukd cHMu&ayvdrhfrnf/ wPSmavmb \ yrmPBuD;&ifBuD;oavmuf i,f&ifi,f oavmuf 'ku©tBuD;tao; trsKd;rsKd;wdkYtm; wPSmavmbudk arG;jrLrdolonf cHMu&rnf yif/ wPSmavmb\ tvkdokdYvkdufcJhrdaom a'0'wfonf aemufqkH; t0Dpdi&JrSm b0ukd jr§KyfESH í BuD;pGmaom'ku©ukd cHae&onfukd Ak'¨bmom 0ifwkdif; od&SdNyD;om;jzpfay\/ ,ck jyqkcd NhJ y;D aom (ork',opöm) ukd jrwfA'k o ¨ nf t<uif ; r&S d y,f o wf a wmf r l N yD ; jzpf o vd k owå0gtaygif; wkdYtm;vnf; a[mMum;awmf rlcJhí ,aeYtxd emMum;cGihf&aejcif;jzpfay\/ (3) ed a &m"opö m / ed a &m"opö m = (ed a &m" + opö m )/ ed a &m" = 'ku©\csKyfNidrf;&m + opöm = trSefw&m;/ tvkH;pkHaom'ku©wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;&m trS e f w &m;onf u m; ed A Á m ef r nf a y \/ edAÁmefonf vlrI'ku©r&Sd? ylyifrI'ku©r&Sd? 'ku© [lorQ jrLrIHrQr&Sd? yuwdpifMu,fjcif;twdNyD; aom? Nidrf;at;jcif;twdNyD;aom csrf;omrsKd;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

jzpfay\/ edAmÁ ef\ 'kuu © if;ykH csr;f omyku H u dk m; ed A Á m ef u k d jrif E k d i f p G r f ; aomÓPf (wenf ; ) t&[wår*fzv dk o f aYkd ygufa&mufNy;D &[EÅmyk*K¾ v d f wdkYonfom useaooyfpGm cGJjcm;odjrifEkdifay \/ uREyfk w f Ykd ykxZk OfÓPftjrifjzihf cefrY eS ;f Munhf ygrl tvGefw&myljyif;aom rD;usD;wGif;xJodkY usí vGwfajrmufvmaomyk*¾Kdvf\ csrf;omrI rsKd;[k okH;oyf&ayvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf edAÁmef\ csr;f omrIrsK;d uku d m; tb,foaYkd omf ok;H oyfcsuf ESihfrQ xyfwlrusEkdifbJ omvGefíaernfyif jzpf\/ vufawGUodjrifí vufawGUcHpm;rIukd om t"dutjzpf rSwf,loihfay\/ ouf&Sd owå0gwdkYrSm aorSmraMumufaomyk*¾Kdvfonf bk&m;? yapöuAk'g¨ ESifh &[EÅmt&Sijf rwfwjYkd zpfay \/ av;vHaom oabmobm0&Sad om cE¨m0ef BuD;ukdcsí taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfajrmufjcif; edAÁmef\csrf;omtppfukdom vdkvm;awmfrlMu \/ þonf y if v Qif ed A Á m ef \ csrf ; omonf wkNyKdifjcif;uif;yaom csrf;omrsKd;jzpfonfrSm txl;xif&Sm;ay\/ þuJhodkY (eda&m"opömukd) Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf ukd,fawmfwdkif rsufarSmufjyK Ny;D onfjzpfí owå0gwku Yd v kd nf; odjrifEidk yf gap jcif;tusKd;iSm a[mMum;awmfrlcJhay\/ (4) r*¾ o pö m / r*¾ o pö m = (r*¾+opöm)/ r*¾ = edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif; tusih f v rf ; aumif ; + opö m = trS e f w &m;)/ tvkH;pkHaom 'ku©wdkY\csKyf&m Nidrf;&m trSefw&m;jzpfaom edAÁmefodkYa&muf&ma&muf aMumif; aumif;jrwf aomtusiv fh rf;rSeu f dk (r*¾ - r*f[kac:ay\? ¤if;r*¾- r*f\ tpdwftydkif; qkdif&mt*Fgrsm;ukd (r*¾if) [k ac:ay\/ ¤if; r*¾-r*f\ tpdwf tykid ;f qkid &f mt*Fgwdo Yk nfum; &Spfyg;&Sday\/ ¤if;wdkYrSm1/ or®m'd|d= rSefuefaomtodtjrif? 2/ or®mouFyÜ= rSefuefaom tBuHtpnf? 3/ or®0gpm= rSeu f efaompum;ukad jymqkjd cif;/ 4/ or®mur®EÅ= rSefuefaomtrIukdjyKjcif;/ 5/ or®mtmZD0= rSefuefaomtoufarG;jcif;/ 6/ or®m0g,mr= rSefuefaomtm;xkwfjcif;/ 7/ or®mowd= rSefuefaomqifjcifatmufarh jcif;/ 8/ or®morm"d= rSefuefaomwnfMunfjcif; [lí &Spfyg;jzpfay\/ a&SUüjyqkdcJhNyD;aom r*¾r*f\tpdwftydkif;qkdif&m t*Fg&Spfyg;wdkYukd wenf;tm;jzihf rZÑdry#dy'g tv,ftvwf usihfpOf[kvnf; ac:ay\/ xkdr*¾opöm\ t*Fg &Spfyg;w&m;vrf;pOfonf yd#uokH;ykHukd tESpf xkwfí tcsKyfoabmtm;jzihf ñTefjyxm;aom

Ak'¨0g' omoemhvrf;pOfawmfBuD;yifjzpfay\/ 'ku©rsm;pGm oHo&m0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwf ajrmufí edAÁmefodkYqkdufa&mufvkdolwdkYonf þr*¾ifw&m;&Spfyg;ukd rdrdoEÅmefü xm0pOf jzpfyGm;atmif usihfaqmifBuKd;pm;&ayrnf/ r*¾opömESihf t*Fgtpdwftykdif;wdkYukd ydkif;jcm; pdwfjzmí odjrifNyD;aom jrwfAk'¨onf owå0g wdkYtwGuf a[mawmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfay\/ opöm av;yg;w&m;ukd jyqkdNyD;onhfaemuf edAÁmef csrf ; omuk d vl w k d i f ; &Ek d i f y govm;qk d w muk d xyfqihw f ifjyygtH/h bk & m;&S i f ouf a wmf x if & S m ;&S d p Of tcgu *Puarm*¾ v ’ m e yk P Ö m ;BuD ; u ]t&Sifa*gwr t&Sifa*gwr\ tqkH;trcH&ol wynhfrsm;rSm tukefvkH;yif edAÁmef&Muygvm;? tcsKUd r&bJ&ydS govm;} [k ar;av\/ xkt d ar; ukd bk&m;&Sifu tukefr[kwf? tcsKdU&í tcsKdU r&Muacs vdkY ajzawmfrlw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm ykPmÖ ;Bu;D u t&Siaf *gwr edAmÁ efvnf; xif&mS ; &Sí d edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif;enf;vrf;vnf; txif t&Sm;yif&Sd\/ enf;ay;vrf;jywwfol t&Sif a*gwrvnf; &Sdaeonfomwnf;? okdYygvsuf bmaMumihf tcsKdU& tcsKdUr& jzpf&ygoenf;} 'Dtar;ukd bk&m;&Sifu ]ykPÖm;BuD; vlwpfa,mufonf oihftm; &mZN*Kd[fjynf oGm;&efvrf;ukd ñTeMf um;&efar;vmaomf oifu b,fuaeoGm;? b,fa&mufrnf[k vrf;ñTe&f m xkdolrSm oifñTefonhftwdkif;r[kwfbJ vrf;vGJ vkdufum aemufodkYjyefvm&m\/ wpfa,muf url oifñTefonhftwdkif;oGm;í &mZN*Kd[fjynf okdYa&muf\? ykPÖm;BuD; &mZN*Kd[fjynfvnf; txift&Sm;&Sd\? &mZN*Kd[fjynfodkY oGm;&mvrf; vnf; &Sdaeonfomjzpf\/ vrf;ñTefwwfol oifvnf; t&Sdyifwnf;? odkYjzpfygvsuf wpf a,muf r S m &mZN*Kd [ f j ynf o d k Y a &muf í wpfa,mufum; &mZN*Kd[fjynfokdY ra&mufbJ&Sd onfrSm bmaMumihfygenf;} þuJhodkYar;aom tcg ykPÖm;BuD;u t&Sifa*gwr wynhfawmf bmvkyEf ikd rf mS vJ? wynhaf wmfu vrf;ñTeo f o l m jzpfygayonf} ykPÖm;BuD;&JUtajztqkH;rSmyJ bk&m;&Sifu]ykPÖm;BuD;- edAÁmefvnf; &Sdaevsuf om edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;vrf;vnf; t&Sdyif? enf;ay;vrf;jywwfol igbk&m;vnf; &Sdonf omwnf;? odkYygvsuf tcsKdUedAÁmef&Mu\/ tcsKdU um; r&Mu? þt&mü igbk&m; bmwwfEkdif rnfenf;? igbk&m;um; enf;ay;vrf;ñTeo f o l m jzpf a yonf / } [k ajzMum;awmf r l c J h a y\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&SiEf iS fh ykPmÖ ;Bu;D wd\ Yk tar;tajz

t& bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;awmfrlcJhonhf w&m; awmftwkdif; enf;vrf;usus vkdufemusihfBuH yG m ;rsm;tm;xk w f o l o nf o m ed A Á m ef u k d rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMuayrnf/ bk&m;&Sifonf vrf;jyay;aomolomjzpfí wu,fusihfBuH &rnhfolrSm edAÁmefukdtvkd&Sdol\ tvkyfyifjzpf ay\/ ,aeY urÇmrSm ax&0g' Ak'¨omoem awmfBuD; xGef;um;&mjzpfaom jrefrmEkdifiHwGif bk&m;&Siu f , dk af wmfjrwfBu;D r&Sad omfvnf; bk&m; &Sif\ukd,fyGm; "r®u©E¨mrsm; wnf&Sdaeay\/ wpfqifhenf;ay;vrf;jy qkdqkH;rEkdifaom oHCm awmft&Sifoljrwfrsm;vnf; &Sdaeay\/ opöm w&m;xGef;um;&m ,aeYtcsdefrSmopömodjrif edAÁmef0ifvkdolrsm;twGuf r&Sdrjzpf &Sdukd&Sdae &rnhf tcsufBuD;av;csufukd ed*kH;csKyfwifjy ygth/H qE´0awm ud Hemr ur®H eodZÑwd/ 0D&d,0awm ud Hemr ur®H eodZÑwd/ pdwå0awm ud Hemr ur®H eodZÑwd/ 0DrHoawm ud Hemr ur®H eodZÑwd/ teufonfum;- 1/ jyif;jyaomtvkd qE´&Sdoltm;? tb,frnfaom trIudpö[lorQ onf? rNyD;pD;bJ &SdEkdifygtHhenf;? rkcstrSef {uef NyD;pD;atmifjrif&rnfomwnf;/ 2/ vGefuJaomvkHYv0D&d,&Sdoltm; tb,frnfaom trIupd [ ö o l rQonf rNy;D pD;bJ &SdEkdifygtHhenf;? rkcstrSef {uefNyD;pD;atmifjrif &rnfomwnf;/ 3/ xuf o ef a ompd w f & S d o l t m; tb,frnfaom trIupd [ ö o l rQonf rNy;D pD;bJ &SdEkdifygtHhenf;? rkcstrSef {uefNyD;pD;atmifjrif &rnfomwnf;/ 4/ xuf j ruf a omynm&S d o l t m; tb,frnfaomtrIupd [ ö o l rQonf rNy;D pD;bJ &SdEkdifygtHhenf;? rkcstrSef {uefNyD;pD;atmifjrif &rnfomwnf;/ txuf y gtcsuf B uD ; av;csuf E S i h f jynhpf aHk omolonf edAmÁ efcsr;f omukd &Ekid af y\/ urÇmrSm&Smr&? jrefrmrSmom&EkdifwJh omoemh tarGudk uREyfk w f jYkd refrmEkid if w H iG f aexkid Mf uaom &[ef;&Sifvl? jynfolrsm;taejzihf 0kdif;0ef; xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smuf&efvdktyfovkd rdrdwdkY ukd,fwkdifvnf; opömodjrifEkdif&ef usihfBuHzkdY vnf; vkdtyfay\/ opömodjrifíedAÁmef0ifEkdif ygrS 'ku©Zmwfodrf; Nidrf;awmhrnf jzpfaywmh onf/ opömodjrif edAÁmef0ifEkdifMuygap/ ynmEG , f ({&majr-"Ek j zL) usrf;ukd; 1/ Ak'¨bmom vufpGJusrf; 2/ v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ tewå vu©Pokwf (ygVdedó,)

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo-oxk H

,cif t ywf r S t quf arwå m yG m ;usd K ; ,H k r S m ;ol r sm; tckjyqdkcJhaom arwåmtusdK;w&m; rsm;[m rSeu f efaompdw&f if;apwemt&if;cHrsm; eJY jznhfusihfyGm;rsm;r,fqdk&if trSefwu,f&&Sd cHpm;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkrSr[kwfbJ 0wfauswef;aus? arharhavsmhavsmh? ayghayhgqq? pdwfysHUvGihfpGm &Gwfqdkae½HkrQjzihf xdkufoifhwJhtusdK;w&m;awG jynhfpHkvmrSmr[kwfygbl;/ vl Y a vmu vl Y y wf 0 ef ; usif q d k w m vlraI &;t&? pD;yGm;a&;t&? Edik if aH &;t&qdo k vdk aeYpOfet YJ rQ ud, k ef cYJ ifrif&if;ES;D ol? r&if;ES;D ao; aomol? wpfcgbl;rQ awGUqHkjrifzl;jcif;r&Sdao; olç rqufqHzl;ao;ol ponftm;jzihf tusuf a&m tpdr;f ygqdo k vdk jrifawGUç ajymqdçk qufqH aygif;oif;aeMu&wJh tpktzGJUBuD;jzpfygw,f/ trsm;tm;jzihfawmh igqdkwJh ]]twå tjrif}} eJY wpfbufom;tay:rSm Munhfwwfç jrifwwfç oabmxm;rSwf,laeMuwJhtwGuf vnf; wpfom;wnf;rjzpfMuawmhbJ ]ig} eJY ]ol} qdkwJh qefYusifbufawG? rwlnDwJhtjrifawGeJY uGJjym;jcm;em;vm&wmygyJ/ 'DtjrifawGrmS rdrcd , H El v S ;kH oGi;f ovdk rdwfaqGtrSwfeJYvnf; jrifr,f? &efoltrSwfeJY vnf; oabmxm;r,f? vlaumif;vdkYvnf; jrif r,f? vlqdk;vdkYvnf; jrifr,f? *kPf&Sdol *kPfr&Sd olvv Ykd nf; jrifr,f? ½kyq f ;kd olç ½kyaf csmol tjzpf rsKd ;eJv Y nf; jrifr,f? cifrifp&maumif;olç pGrJ uf p&maumif;olvdkYvnf; jrifr,f? qif;&Jolç csrf;omolvdkYvnf; jrifr,f? av;pm;xkdufolç rav;pm;xdkufolvdkYvnf; jrifr,f? qnf;uyf xkdufolç rqnf;uyfxkdufolvdkYvnf; jrifr,f

ponftm;jzihaf yhgav? twdtus yHak orSwx f m; vdkY r&wJhtjrifoabmxm;rsdK;pHkeJY ½IjrifoHk;oyf rdMurSmygyJ/ 'DvdktjrifrwlrI? cH,lcsufrwlnDrI awG u d k t ajccH N yD ; awmh ol e J Y i g? ol Y r d o m;pk udk,hfrdom;pk? olYtkyfpk udk,fhtkyfpk? olYtzGJU ud, k t fh zGUJ ? olv Y rl sKd ; ud, k v fh rl sKd ;? olEY ikd if H ud, k Efh idk if H rausvnfrIawG? rauseyfrIawG? oabmxm; uGJvGJrIawG? y#dyu©awG jzpfaeMu&wmygyJ/ 'Dvt kd jrifoabmxm; rwlnrD aI wG? n§ d E I d i f ; aqmif & G u f r I r &wmawG & J U jrpf z sm;cH &m w&m;cH t ppf u awmh avmb? a'go? arm[? rmefrme? 'd|dtp&SdwJh rdrdwdkYpdwfESvHk; ud k tNrJ a vmif u Rrf ; apwwf w J h ud a vom w&m;qd k ; awG a Mumif h y gyJ / 'Dw&m;qdk;awGudk jrifatmifMun unhhf wwf N yD ; tod w &m;ç owd w &m;awG e J Y xd e f ; n§ d a pmif h a &S m uf E d k i f M ur,f q d k & if vH k ; 0 r[k w f a wmif txd k u f t avsmuf a wmh Nidrf;at;apwmtrSefyg/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; yDyD bmoma&;tqHk;tr A[kokw&SdMuol uvnf; rdrdtodudk tusit fh jzpf ul;ajymif; ay;zdkYawmh vdktyfygw,f/ r&SdMuao;wJhol rsm;uvnf ; rd ½ d k ; zvmAk ' ¨ b mom0if t qih f avmufeJY auseyfraeMubJ tqihfjrihf Ak'¨ bmom0if a umif ; wpf a ,muf j zpf a tmif tm;xk w f M uzd k Y v d k y gw,f / ud a vomw&m;qd k ; awG q d k w m tod a vmuf e J Y y,f c G m uif ; jywf w J h t &m r[k w f y gbl ; / tusih f p &PeJ Y y,f a zsmuf &rJ h t&mawG o mjzpf y gw,f / od k Y r S o m avmbç a'go a'goçç arm[awG&JU qefYusifbuf tavmbç ta'g oç tarm[qdw k hJ pdwEf v S ;kH ta'goç ud k Nid r f ; at;apwJ h w&m;oabmud k ouf 0 if E d k i f M urS m jzpf y gw,f / avmurS m ud k , f u ol w pf y g;ud k av;pm;rI&SdygrS udk,hfudkvnf; jyefvnfav;pm; rI jyKrSmyg/ olwpfyg;udk a'gopdwfeJYqufqH&if ud, k v f nf;yJ a'goeJY wkejYf yefru I ykd J &&SEd idk yf gw,f/ udk,fu arwåmpdwfeJYqufqH&if udk,hfudkvnf; tvm;wlqufqHrIudkjyKrSmyg/ wpf c sd K Uuajymwwf M uygw,f / ]]wynhaf wmfwu Ykd b,fob l ,f0gtay: b,fvkd

arwåmxm;wmygbk&m;? 'gayr,hfvnf; wynhf awmfwdkYtay: olYbufu b,fvdkrS taumif; rjrifwwfygbl;}} wJh/ wpfcsKd Uuvnf; ]]tvum;ygyJb&k m;'DvdkvlrsdK;tay: arwåmxm;vdkYuawmh tusdK; r&Sdygbl;}} wJh/ wpfcsdKUuvnf; udk,fuolYudk ta&;w,leYJ *½kwpdu k q f ufqaH yrJh ud, k t fh ay: rSmawmh *½krpdu k w f wfb;l vdv Yk nf; ajymwwfMu jyefw,f/ wpfcsdKUuvnf; rdrdu bmomw&m; eJY ywfouf&if tav;*½kjyKw,f? aeYpOf 0wf rysuf qGr;f ? yef;? a&csr;f rSerf eS u f yfw,f? bk&m; &Sdcdk;NyD; ykwD;pdyfw,f? bm0emwpfckckudkvnf; usihfyGm;w,f? arwåmvnf; ydkY trQvnf;a0yg vsufeJY vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&; pwmawG xifwkdif; raygufbJ tqifrajyrIawG? cufcJrIawGeJYyJ BuHKawGUae&w,fvdkY nnf;wwfolawGvnf; awGU&jyefygw,f/ 'D v d k v l a wG u yJ rd r d y wf 0 ef ; usif r S wpfcsdKUrsm; bmomw&m;vnf; udkif;½dIif;rIr&Sd? udk,fusihfw&m;vnf; cRwf,Gif;aeMuygvsuf pD;yGm;a&;awG tusdK;ay;aumif;NyD; vlwef;aph aeEdik yf akH wGujkd rifawGUNy;D ud, k jf yKaeMu aumif;rI vkyfief;awG? xdef;odrf;xm;wJh vlYusifh0wfawG tay:rSm oHo,yGm;aeolawG jzpfwwfaeyg ao;w,f/ trSeaf wmh ud, k b fh ufu? ud, k u f , kd w f idk f u ESv;kH oGi;f rSe&f UJ vm;? ud, k v f yk af ewJv h yk af qmif rItay:rSm ,HMk unfr?I av;pm;rItrSe&f ydS g&JUvm;? aqmif & G u f y H k e nf ; vrf ; rS e f u ef y g&J U vm;vd k Y qef;ppfMunhfwwfzdkYawmh vdkygr,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\ f tqHk;trvrf;ñTef rIrsm;tay: oHo,yGm;p&mrvdyk g/ xdo k rl sm;\ ajympum;rsm;? trltusihfrsm;? awG;ac:½Ijrif yHkrsm; rSefovm;? rSm;ovm;qdkonfrSm olwdkY ajympum;rsm;t& olwb Ykd ,fvv kd pl m;rsKd ;qdw k m azmfjyaeNyD;jzpfaeygw,f/ aus;Zl ; rsm;wJ h yk * ¾ d K vf x l ; ES p f O D ; 'DtcsufeJYywfoufvdkY omoem0if taMumif;t&mawGrsm;pGmxJu jzpf&yfav; wpfcu k kd vdt k yfr,fxifvYkd xkwEf w k af zmfjyvdyk gw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 34 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

rawmfavmb "r® r d w f a qG wl a v;? wl r av; wdkYa&.../ [kd[mav;vdkcsif? 'D[mav;vdkcsifeJY rvdkcsifMubl;vm;/ vkdcsifwyfrufwm rSeforQ avmbyJayhguG,/f 'gayr,fh roihf awmfwmukd rw&m;ojzihf t"r®vkdcsifwJh pdwfqE´ukdawmh rawmfavmbvdkYac:qkd csifygw,f/ avmb? a'go? arm[qk d w mawG [ m tuk o k d v f pdwfawGvdkY odMurSmygaemf/ avmbpdwfqkdvdkY ajymjy&OD;r,f/ t"d | mef y k w D ; tNrJ p d y f w wf w J h rd w f a qG wpf a ,muf & J U jzpf & yf r S e f t awG U tBuKH a v; wpf c k y gyJ / [k d w k e f ; uayh g pma&;BuD ; wpf a,muf & J U vcaiG u syf ES p f & mavmuf o m &wJ h t csd e f w k e f ; u vuk e f c geD ; vuf x J r S m aiG j ywf o G m ;wJ h t cg t"d | mef y k w D ; pd w f & if ; aiG a Mu;vmbf 0 if z k d Y qk a wmif ; owJ h / 'D v k d qk a wmif ; vd k u f a wmh td y f r uf x J r S m trsKd ; orD ; wpf a ,muf a y:vmNyD ; eH e uf a pmapm ½kH;a&SU ca&yifatmufukdoGm;ygvdkYajymw,f/ ajymwJ h t wk d i f ; ca&yif a tmuf u k d a&muf oGm;wJhtcg aiGusyfwpf&maumuf&ygw,f/ tJ ' D t csd e f u mvu aiG u syf w pf & m[m tawmfav;wefzkd;&Sdygw,fuG,f/ ntdyfawmh td y f r uf x J r S m tJ ' D t rsKd ; orD ; a&muf v mNyD ; aiG w pf & muk d ol a y;wmygvd k Y a jymwJ h tcg ay;r,hfay;&ifvnf; rsm;rsm;ay;ygvm;Asm? aiG w pf & mwnf ; qk d a wmh enf ; wmayh g vd k Y jyefajymvdkufwmaygh/ 'Dawmh tdyfrufxJrSm awG U &wJ h trsKd ; orD ; crsm 0rf ; enf ; oG m ;NyD ; olvnf; olYtpGrf;tp &Sdoavmuf olwwfEkdif oavmufyaJ y;&wmyg vdaYk jymum aysmufu, G f oGm;ygowJh/ aemufxyf b,fawmhrSrawGU& (tJ a v..) td y f r uf r ruf a wmh y gbl ; wJ h / 'gaMumihf aemufxyf aiGvnf; aumufr&awmh

bl;ayghaemf/ tJ'g avmbpdwfyJuGJU/ avmb BuD ; rS e f ; od o G m ;awmh ay;urf ; apmih f a &S m uf csifwJholu pdwfysufoGm;wmayhguG,f/ wlav; wlrav;wdkYa&.. ajymjyzk d Y usef a eao;w,f u G J U / bmvJqkdawmh tJ'DtrsKd;orD;[m ,cifb0 wk e f ; u rd c if a wmf p yf c J h z l ; vd k Y ul n D a pmih f a&S m uf a y;wmygwJ h u G , f / rd b awG [ m aemif b 0uk d a&muf & S d o G m ;wmawmif r S om;orD;awmfpyfcJhzl;olukd arwåmxm;wwf Muygw,f / Zmwf a wmf a wG r S m vnf ; zcif awmfpyfcJhzl;olawG? rdcifawmfpyfcJhzl;olawG u apmih f a &S m uf a y;wJ h Z mwf a wG tawmf rsm;rsm;awG U &ygw,f / 'gaMumif h r k d Y eH e uf bk&m;&Sdckd;NyD;wdkif; rdcifawGukd&Sdckd;wJhpm wpfyk'f tNrJ&GwfqkdNyD; pma&;ol&JUb0 tqufqufu rd c if a wmf p yf o l a wG u k d & nf p l ; NyD ; &S d c k d ; avh &SdcJhygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY rdcifawGudk &Sdckd;K&wm vJqkd&if rdcifawGu zcifxufykdNyD; oHa,mZOf BuD ; rm;wwf v d k Y y g/ b0tquf q uf r S m rdcifawmfpyfcJhzl;olawG b,f avmufrsm;ovJ qk d a wmh jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f y|mef ; usrf ; uk d ESpq f ,fih g;&ufywfv;Hk rjywf a[mawmfrpl Ofu a'oemawmf&JUtqkH;rSm urÇmhokH;&mhokH;q,f txuf trdjzpfz;l cJMh u wJh uka#av;q,faom ewfwdkY w&m;odjrifoGm;Muw,fvdkY rSwfom;& ygw,f/ rd c if a wG u k d & S d c k d ; vk d Y bmtusKd ; xl ; ovJ q k d & if tcuf t cJ r &S d ? at;Nid r f ; rI r sm; awG U &ygw,f / aiG a Mu;rcsrf ; omayr,h f pd w f c srf ; om&ygw,f / b,f v k d & G w f q k d o vJ qkdawmhb0a[mif ; rsm;pG m wd k Y r S awmf p yf cJhzl;aom rdcifrsm;tm; &Sdckd;yg\? þodkY &Sdckd; &aom aumif;rIaMumihf tm;tifAv? ÓPf ynmES i h f w uG csrf ; omjcif ; wd k Y o nf jynh f p k H ygapownf;vkdY jzpfygw,f/ ES p f o uf r ,f q k d & if &G w f q k d y l a Zmf Ekdifygw,f/ tusKd;rxl;&ifawmif tusLd;awmh r,kwfEkdifygbl;/ ukodkvf&rSmyg/ ukd,fawGUayhg aemf/

rsKd ; jrih f (atmif v H )

"r® r d w f a qG wl a v;? wl r av; wdkYa&../ rsuf p d x J r S m aiG u k d o mjrif N yD ; avmbBuD ; vd k Y 'k u © a wG U &yk H a v;awG u k d om"utaeeJY ajymjyyg&ap/ [kd,cifwkef; u taqmuftOD;uefx½kdufawG bdvyfajr xJrSm EI H ; ajrrI e f Y a wG a &mpyf N yD ; bd v yf a jr twk e J Y wk d u f a wG a qmuf v d k Y wk d u f N yKd u sNyD ; vl a wG aouk e f M uyga&mvm;/ yJ a &mif ; wJ h ol a wG yJxJrSm yJeJYcGJr&atmif t&G,ftpm; wlwJh ausmuf c J a v;awG x nf h N yD ; a&mw,f / Muufom;a&mif;olu aq;xkd;tyfeJY a&xkd; a&mif;w,f/ qefa&mif;wJholu qefxJrSm qef u G J a &mw,f / qD a &mif ; ol u yJ q D r S m pm;tk e f ; qD a &mw,f / taygif q k d i f r S m a&T aygifwJholu aMu;ukd tay:,Ha&T&nfpdrf NyD; aygif w ,f / td r f a ygif w J h o l u td r f * &ef twk e J Y a ygif w ,f / ausmuf a &mif ; ol u ausmuf p d r f ; t½k d i f ; wk H ; uk d vG e f e J Y t ayguf azmuf N yD ; tpd r f ; a&mif y vyf p wpf t wk H ; oGif;a&mif;w,f/ ausmufpdrf;cGJom; rsufESm jyifay:ukd Oa'gif;onf;ajcqkd;NyD; ausmuf t&nf a umif ; w,f x if a tmif tBuH t zef vkyaf &mif;w,f/ vdrw f mnmwmawGay: awmh axmifusw,f/ tjypf'PfcHMu&w,fav/ tJ'gawG[m avmb&JU,kwfrm aumufuspfrI awGayhg/ Ny;D awmh-awG;rdwmav;ajym&OD; r,f/ ukefonfBuD;awG tjrwfrsm;rsm;wif a&mif;vdkY pm;ok H ; ol a wG u r0,f E k d i f a wmh b l ; qk d & if ukeo f nfBu;D &JU xkwu f ek ^f a&mif;ukef ypön;f awG ra&mif;&vkdY pkykHaeNyD; 'ku©a&muf &rSmyJuGJU/ urÇmhpD;yGm;a&;ysufuyfqkdwm tJ'Dvkd rawmf avmbpd w f a Mumih f jzpf w myg/ jrwf p G m bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;cJhwJh ZmwfawmfawGxJ rSmvnf; avmbaMumihf qkd;usKd;awGU &wmawG &Syd gw,f/ &Gu J ek o f nfZmwfq&dk if vlwidk ;f odMuyg vdrrfh ,f/ wl? wlrav;wdkYa&/ vkdcsifwyfrufwJh avmbpdwf[m vlwikd ;f rSm&SMd uwmrSeaf yr,fh &So d ihw f mxuf ydNk y;D pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

odciG r hf &aom uRer f \reufjzefrsm; ouf y d k i f N id r f ; (½k u © a A') ]]rvwf a &? nD r av;uk d td r f j yef ydv Yk u dk pf rf;}} ]]tJ v k d r vk y f y geJ Y t ud k B uD ; &,f ? nDrav; om;tem;rSmyJaeyg&ap}} ]]rvwf v nf ; om;tem;rS m yJ aecsifw,f}} ]]tudkBuD;ajympum;ukd em;axmif Muyg? nDrav;u odyu f ydk ifyef;aejy?D tdrjf yefNy;D cPavmuftem;,lckdif;wm? rvwf tudkBuD; ajymwm em;vnfvm;}} ]][kwf [kwfuJhtudkBuD;}} i,f a Mumuf j zpf o l tud k B uD ; pum;ukd uRefrwdkY rvGefqef&Jyg? uRefrwdkY nDtpfr ESpfa,muf tdrfjyef&ygrnf/ uRefr\om;BuD;ukd yckuúLaq;½kH odkY wufa&mufukocJh&onfrSm ,aeY 3 &uf ajrmuf o G m ;NyD j zpf o nf / aqmif ; OD ; umv aqmif;0ifumptcsdefukd uRefrwdkY owdrxm; rd v k d u f b J om;uk d a&csKd ; ay;cJ h r d y gonf / xk d n upí tzsm;0if c J h o nf / ES p f E S p f y if rjynhfwwfao;aomom;rSm tzsm;'Pfukd rcHEkdif&Smyg/ tdrfrSmESpf&uf ukNyD; aemuf tzsm;rusí yckuúLaq;½kHodkY wifvdkuf&yg onf/ aq;½kHtkyfBuD;udk,fwdkif vma&muf Munhf½INyD; om;ukd aq;xkd;ay;oGm;ygonf/ xkdtcsdefaemufydkif; uwnf;u om;rSm NidrfNyD; rSdef;aeygawmhonf/ aq;cef;tjyifbufodkY aq;½k H t k y f B uD ; uk d vk d u f y k d Y N yD ; jyef 0 if v mol uRefr\tudkBuD;u om;BuD;\ab;em;wGif xkdifaeol uRefr\em;odkY vma&mufxkdifNyD; om;Bu;D ukd pl;pku d Mf unhaf e&mrS uRerf ukd tdrjf yef tem;,l&ef ajymjcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]om;vJ aq;xk;d xm;vdt Yk yd af e wmyJ? oufomoGm;rSmyg? uJ nDrav; tdrfjyefNyD; tdrfjyefNyD; cPtem;,lvdkufaemf? om;u awmfaeMum oufomoGm;rSmyguG,f}} ]]ouf o moG m ;rS m yg? [k w f w ,f ? oufomoGm;rSmyg}} uRef r om;BuD ; &J U vuf u av;uk d ukdifNyD; xkdifae&mrS jzL0if;aomtom;ta& ykdif&Sif om;BuD;\rsufESmukd ½Ir0pGmMunhfrd onf/ rsufvkH;? rsufckH;? ESmwefay:vGifvS pGm uRefrESihfwlonhft&m[lí bmrQryg onhf

acsmarmajyjypfvo S o l m;Bu;D \ ESz;l ukd yg;jyifudk ab;wpfzufwpfcsuf csKdifh0ifvsuf &Sdaeaom vSyaom cspfpzG,far;aphav; rsm;ukd uRefr nif o mpG m txyf x yf e rf ; ½I d u f N yD ; yg;csif ; uyfxm;rdygonf/ ]]om;Bu;D jrefjrefaeaumif;&r,f aemf om;BuD;aMumihf ararhb0wpfckvkH; ykH&if;NyD; tarhom;BuD;ukd arG;cJh&wmyg om;BuD;&,f om;BuD ; od y gw,f a emf ? ararh b0twG u f ararhab;em;rSm om;BuD; tNrJ &SdrSjzpfrSmaemf? om;BuD;ararhukdem;vnfay;NyD; jrefjrefusef;rm atmif vkyf&r,faemf aemf csi;f xyfum om;Bu;D \ em0wGif wD ; wd k ; ajymqk d o nh f u Ref r \pum; uk d om;Bu;D Mum;Ekid rf nf rMum;Ekid rf nf em;vnfrnf? em;rvnfrnfukd rodaomfvnf; xkdpum;rsm; onf uRef r om;BuD ; ]zk d ; aomMum}twG u f uRefr\aemufqkH;pum;rsm;om jzpfygawmh onf/ azaz arar ac:wwf u mp pum;ryD u vmyD u vm ajymwwf p uRef r \om;BuD ; xk d n aeu uRef r \&if u k d c G J í xGuo f mG ;cJNh y;D jzpfygonf/ trSew f u,f om;Bu;D þuJ h o d k Y uRef r \&if c G i f r S apmpD ; pG m xGufcGgoGm;rnfudkom odcJhygvQif]][k d ; .. ta0;qk H ; wpf a e&mod k Y wkdifatmif aemufu tajy;vdkufum ajym vkdY&vQif ajymvkdufcsifygonfom;BuD;&,f wu,fawmh tar av om;BuD ; aMumih f tarh & J U &nf r S e f ; csuf ? arQmf v ih f c suf a wG t m;vk H ; uk d zsuf q D ; NyD ; om;BuD;ukd vufcHapmihfa&SmufcJhwmyguG,f ararh & J U aysmf & T i f r I ? vG w f v yf r I cH p m;csuf tm;vk;H ukyd ,fzsuNf y;D om;Bu;D uvGv J Ykd ararav bmukdrSrjrifEkdif&atmifukd ararh&JU =pdwfwHcg; awG u k d yd w f x m;cJ h & wmyg? ES v k H ; om; cHpm;rItjzpfukd OD;aESmuf todÓPfeJYqGJEIwfcJh

wmyg om;&,f? 'geJ Y a wmif tarh u k d r auseyf a o; bl;vm;uG,f? ararhtwGuf jypf'PfcscH&rI u wu,f u k d jyif ; xef & uf p uf v G e f ; vS y g w,fom;&,f}} pd w f n pf p &m[l í bmrQrod w wf cJ h a omuRef r ? tyl t yif u if ; pG m aexk d i f c J h &aomuRefr? om;BuD;ukd ukd,f0efvG,fí ckepf vcef Y u wnf ; u vl Y a vmutwG i f ; wG i f npfywfaya&aerIrsm;? pufqkyfzG,f&mrsm; ukd awG U jrif c H p m;cJ h & onf / þcg;oD ; vS a om tawGUtBuKHrsm;ukd uRefr r,kHMunfEkdifpGm tHhMoxdwfvefYpGm odcJhjrifcJhMum;cJh&ygonf/ rnf o d k Y q k d a p uRef r \om;BuD ; uk d 10 v wif;wif;jynhftNyD;rSm uRefrtoufukd &if;um cJ,Of;pGmzGm;jrifcJh&ygonf/ tpOf o jzih f NyKH ; csKd a omrsuf E S m av;jzih f at;csrf ; vS a omuRef r \om; arG ; puwnf ; u tzsm;a&m*grqk d ; xm;ES i h f ? temav;wpfckrQ raygufzl;aomom; uRefr\ azaz arar tudk trrsm; rdom;pktm;vkH;\ tcspfukd jynhf0pGm pkykH&&Sd cJh cHpm;cJh&aomom; ,ckrluRef r tcsd e f r sm;uk d aemuf j yef vS n h f o G m ;í&vQif oG m ;vd k u f c sif y gonf / þom;twGuf jzpfay:vmcJ&h aom uRerf b0? ,ck þom;onf uRef r ab;rS ta0; od k Y x G u f a jy;vG i h f p if u G , f a ysmuf o G m ;cJ h N yD jzpfygonf/ þokdYjzpfrnfudkom odcJhygvQifom;BuD;rqkH;cif uRefr om;BuD;ukd a&ywf w d k u f a y;aeol t a':tvwf u k d armf M unh f a e&mrS ab;wG i f & S d a eaom rd c if jzpfol uRefrukd olYrsufvkH;av;rsm;ukdzGifh vsuf tm;,l v S r f ; Munh f & S m ygonf / ,cif u &Tef;pkdawmufyaom vSyaom rsufvkH; 0dkif;0kdif; vkH;vkH;av;rsm;ydkif&Sif uRefrom;\ xkdaeYu tMunhfukd uRefr ,aeYxufwdkif rarhEkdifcJhyg/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

]]arar igwa,muf w nf ; ygvm; qk d N yD ; tm;ri,f e J Y a emf ? tm;wif ; xm;yg? jzpf v mwJ h taMumif ; w&m;uk d qif j cif N yD ; aumif;wJt h usK;d w&m;awG&atmif vkyaf qmif ygaemf}} [lí uRefrukd tm;ay;aeoa,mif om;rsufESmyg/ xko d m;\rsuEf mS ukd pm;pm;oGm; oGm; vmvm b,fae&mudkyJMunhfMunhf awGUjrifae &ygonf/ uRerf tem;rSm om;Bu;D ]zk;d aomMum} u tm;ay;vsuf ,ck xufwkdif tNrJwrf;&Sdae ygonf/ uRefr\ pdwf"mwfcdkifusnfatmif pGrf;aqmif&ygrnf/ aemifjzpfay:vmonhf (uRef r arQmf v if h N yD ; jzpf a om) b0tcuf tcJrsm;ukd rnfrQyif Murf;wrf;ygap? &ufpuf ygap? odrfzsif;,kwfnHhygap? uRefr cHEkdif&nf&Sd &ef BuKd;pm;ygrnf/ uRefr touf&Sifae &yg rnf/ odkYrSom uRefr\ ]ysufpD;qkH;½IH;cJh&aom arQmfvifhcsufrsm;\ ae&mukd tpm;xkd;ay; Ek d i f r nf j zpf o nf / ][m} oG m ;cJ h N yD j zpf a om ]xk d u G u f v yf } uk d uRef r aumif ; aom &nf&Gnfcsuf? aumif;aompdwfxm; rsm;jzihf jznfay;NyD; ]pdwfxm;jzLpifol} wpfOD; jzpfap&ef uRefr BuKd;pm;cJhygonf/ ,cktcsed f uRerf taeESifh Ak'b ¨ mom 0if jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;ESihf vkH;0tyfpyfqDavQmfrI r&S d a om ,k w f n H h a omtjyKtrl & S d o l r sm;? pufqkyf &GH&SmzG,f&mrsm;ukd tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm ausmfjzwfavQmufvSrf;cJh&NyD;jzpfygonf/ {&m0wDjrpfa&BuD;aomtcg uRefr i,fpOfu aexkdifcJh&marG;&yfajr&Gmav;twGif; odkY wdkifatmif a&rsm;0ifa&mufvmwwfyg onf/ aemufrMumrD a&rsm;jyefusoGm;aom tcg 'ku d yf rHk sm;ESit fh wl aA'gyifrsm;pGm v,fuef oif;pyfrsm;ESihf jrpfurf;ezl;wGif wifusef&pfcJh ygonf/ a&vIid ;f \½du k cf su'f PfaMumihf aA'gyif wpftyk jf yKwí f a<urGysupf ;D oGm;vdrrhf nfrxif ygavESihf/ vIdif;ykwf'Pf? 0Juawmh'Pfrsm;ukd a&Smifwdrf;í a&pD;twdkif; tvkdufoihfarsmyg oGm;Muonfukd awGUjrifMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ rMumygacs/ ½dkif;vSaoma&vIdif;\ ½kdufykwfrIjzihf NyKduGJysufpD;oGm;Mu&aom aA'g yiftkyfrSm t½IH;ray;yg/ aA'gyifwpftkyfrS ESpftkyftjzpf wdk;yGm;oGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ rMumrD ol\ yifu, dk o f bm0jzihf vSyaomaA'gyef;rsm; ukd yGihfzl;apNyD; toGifqef;wihfvQrf;vsuf aysmf&TifpGm a&pD;twkdif; arsmygvsuf&Sdaeonf ukd awGUjrifEdkifygonf/ pnf;r&Sdurf;r&Sd rnfonhft&mukdrQ csr;f omray;? awGUorQ ½ku d cf wfyw k u f pm;wwf

aom a&vIdif;'PfaMumihf urf;pyfeHab;odkY a&mufoGm;&aom aA'gyifrSm 'kdufykHrsm;? &GHUEGH rsm; trIdufo½dkufrsm;jzihf npfywfayusHae aom t&Guftcufrsm;ukd {&m0wDjrpfa&jyif wGif oefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmif aq;aMumvkduf Ekid yf gonf/ ½d k u f c suf j yif ; vS a om a&vI d i f ; uk d tefwkonhf raA'g ]],ck ol oefY&Sif;vSyoGm;ayNyD}} aA'gyifyrmxm;um uRerf wdv Yk o l m; rsm;taeESihf ukd,fcsif;pmw&m;uif;rJholrsm;? pmrsuf E S m 31 rS jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif y&deAd mÁ efp0H ifawmfrl Ny;D aemuf tESpif g;&mceft Y MumrSm a,meuwkid ;f ? om*vaejynfawmfrSm rdvdE´ vdkY trnf&SdwJh ynmA[kokweJYjynfhpHkwJh ynm&Sdrif;wpfyg; ay:aygufcJhygw,f/ rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D b,favmuftxd ynm A[kokweJYjynhfpHkovJqdk&if jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwJh ygVdawmfrsm;ESihfwuG wpfq,fhudk;yg;aom usrf;twwfawGudk uRrf; uRr;f usiu f sif wwfajrmufxm;aMumif; rSww f rf; awG &Sdygw,f/ ol,rkH mS ;rI&w dS hJ w&m;taMumif;t&m awGeJY ywfoufvdkY olYwkdif;EdkifiHtwGif;&SdMuwJh &[ef;ynm&S?d jAm[®Pynm&S?d vlynm&Sad wGukd jyóemwifwifNy;D ar;jref;wJt h cg oloabmus auseyfr&I atmif ajz&Si;f ray;Edik Mf uvdYk olw Y idk ;f Edik if t H 0ef; olezYJ ufNyKd iaf jymqdak jz&Si;f ay;Edik w f hJ ol wpfpw kH pfO;D rS r&SMd uwJt h wGuf vufyef;ayguf cwfNyD; tNrJa<u;aMumfaeavh&Sdwwfolvnf; jzpfygw,f/ avmuobm0t& ud k , f u yJ tompD;utNrJtEdkif& atmifyGJcHae&w,f qdkwm r&Sdygbl;aemf/ udk,hfudktEdkif,lwJhol vnf ; wpf a eY a eY w pf c sd e f c sd e f r S m xG u f a y: vmwwfpNrJygyJ/ 'g[m avmu"r® ESpfrsdK; pvH k ; &J U ed , mrvd k Y q d k c sif y gw,f / xdu k mvrSmyJ &[ef;ynm&S?d jAm[®P ynm&S?d vlynm&Sad wGukd tar;jyóemrsKd ;pHw k if NyD; ESdyfpufa<u;aMumfaeavh&SdwJh tNrJtEdkif,l aeol rdvdE´rif;BuD; 0yfwGm;t½IH;ay;&awmhr,hf yk*¾dKvfjrwfwpfyg; ay:xGufvmcJhygNyD/ rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D eef;pdu k &f m om*vaejynf awmf u d k 'D t aMumif ; w&m;rsm;aMumif h y J qk d u f a &muf v mol u awmh t&S i f e m*aoe trnfawmf&w dS hJ &[EÅmrax&ft&Sijf rwfBu;D ygyJ/ t&S i f e m*aoerax&f j rwf B uD ; &J U

raumif;rItukokdvfuHrsm;udk usL;vGefaeMu olrsm;aMumihf rdrd rdom;pk? rdrdywf0ef;usif tm;vkH;ukd vGifhpifayusHvmaprnhf ,kwfnHh onhftaMumif;w&m;rsm;? raumi;faompdwf xm;rsm;? trSm;ukd trSm;rSef;rodolrsm;aMumihf ayusHpGef;xif;rIrcHMu&avatmif uRefrwdkY twGuf ckcHumuG,f&ef taumif;qkH;aom vufeufrmS ]arwåm} rysuf jzLpifaompdwx f m; rsm;om jzpfygawmhonf/ ]raumif;rIa&Smif? aumif;rIaqmif} aom jzLpifaompdwfxm;rsm; jzihf avmuukd tvSqifEkdifMuygap/ ouf y k d i f N id r f ; *kPft&nftaoG;awGuawmh rsm;pGmaom tMum;tjrifA[ków k eJjY ynfph w kH ,f? qef;Mu,f vdrm® aom pum;&Sw d ,f? odraf rGUEl;nHjh cif;&Sw d ,f? aMumuf & G H U wk e f v I y f j cif ; rS u if ; w,f ? yuwd oabmuvnf; &J&ifhrI&Sdw,f? yd#uwfoHk;yHkrSm vnf; uRrf;usifESHYpyfw,f? eufeJaom ÓPf ynm&SdNyD; enf;vrf; [kwfç r[kwfüvnf; xdk;xGif;aomÓPfjzihf uRrf;usifvdr®mrI&Sdw,f/ t&[wåzdkvfodkY rsufarSmufjyKNyD;aom &[EÅm t&SifjrwfBuD;vnf;jzpfawmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk rsm;pGmaom *kPfaus;Zl;rsm;eJYjynfhpHkwJh&[EÅm t&SifjrwfBuD;udk yd#uwfoHk;yHkaqmif? edum,f ig;&yfaqmifjzpfuek af om &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; 0ef;&Hcpm;vsuf tNcHt&Hy&dowfeJY jynhfpHkol yk*¾dKvfjrwfwpfyg;vnf; jzpfawmfrlygw,f/ t&Sief m*aoe&[EÅmt&Sijf rwfBu;D eJY rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D wdkY&JU tw¬KyÜwftjynhftpHkudkawmh rdvdE´rif;BuD;&JU tar;tajzjyóemusrf;vdkY ac:wJh ]rdvdE´yO§m} usrf;rSm tjynhftpHk &SmazG avhvmEdkifMuygw,f rdvEd y´ O§musr;f Bu;D [m rdpmä 0g'a&;&m udk ESrd ef if;acszsujf cif;wdw Yk iG o f mru Ak'0¨ g'qdik f &m cJ&mcJqpf tjiif;yGm;zG,f? oHo,jzpfzG,f tcsuftvufrsm;udkvnf; acsmarGUajyjypfpGm Oyrm? Oyar,s? tar;ç tajzrsm;jzihf qHk;jzwf aqG;aEG;xm;&SNd y;D jzpfwmaMumihf ,aeYax&0g' Ak ' ¨ o moem0if oH * g,emwif u srf ; tjzpf &[ef;? &Si?f vltaygif; tm;ud;k tm;xm; trSjD yK ae&wJh usrf;jrwfwpfqlvnf;jzpfygw,f/ 'ghaMumihf tar;jyóemwifwhJ rdvEd ´ rif;BuD;eJY ar;avQmufwifoGif;vmorQ tar; jyóemrsm;udk xd;k xGi;f aomÓPfjzihf &J&ihjf ywf om;pGm ajz&Sif;ay;awmfrlcJhwJh t&Sifem*aoe rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY[m ,aeYomoemawmfrSm tvGefaus;Zl;rsm;aom yk*¾dKvfxl;awGvdkY 0dao oejyK txGwfwyfvkduf&jcif;yg/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

"r®0D&\ Ak'¨ç "r®ç oHCa&;&m ar;cGef;ESihftajzvTm t,f ' D w mcif A sm; ,aeY Ak'¨bmom avmu0,f ynm &Sdolawmfaumif; ynm&Sd vl,kwfrm ponfjzihf ac:a0:ajymqd k a eMuoH r sm;ud k rMumcP Mum;aeygonf/ rnfoaYkd om yk*Kd¾ vu f kd ynm&Sd olawmf aumif;? rnfodkYaom yk*¾dKvfudk ynm&Sd vl,kwf rmqdkonfudk cGJjcm;odvdkygonf cifAsm; q&mwd\ Yk pmapmifrS ajzqkad y;yg&ef av;pm;pGmjzihf yefMum;tyfygonf/ armifaZ,satmif trSwf 44^1 orm"dvrf; ZGJpHk&yfuGuf? uarÇmZvrf; r&rf;uke;f NrKd Ue,f/ armif a Z,satmif \ tar;ud k atmufygtwdkif;ajzqdkjytyfygonf/ þ a v m u w G i f ynm&Sdolawmfaumif; [laom a0g[m&udk vltrsm; okH;pGJaeygonf/ þavmuwG i f ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;rsm; ay:xGef;vmap&ef bmomw&m;wdrYk S buf aygif;pHrk S ñTejf y? a[mjy vrf;ñTejf yxm;onfukd avhvmawGU&S&d ygonf/ txl ; ojzih f Ak ' ¨ b mom \ vrf ; ñT e f r I u txl;xif&Sm;ygonf/ Ak ' ¨ a *gwru vl o m;wd k Y o nf raumif;rI tm½Hküom arGUavsmfrI rsm;wwfo jzihf avmuwGif ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;rsm; ay: xG e f ; a&;onf tvGefcJ,Of;onf[kqdkygonf/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;rsm; aygrsm; aom t&yfa'oonf at;csrf;om,monf arwåm vTrf;NcHKrIrsm;onfh avmuygvw&m; rsm;xGef;um;onfh xdkt&yfa'oonf owå0g wdt Yk wGuf om,mcsr;f ajrUaom avmuD okcbHk jzpfonf[kqdkygonf/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;[lonf -t&m&mud k ol a wmf a umif ; tjrif j zih f jrif&wwfonf/ - olwpfxl; aus;Zl;udk odwwfMuonf/ - twåudk,fusKd; oufouf r&SmrSD;wwfMu/ -twåy& rQwatmif usihfwwfMuonf/ - ynm&SEd iS fh olawmfaumif;wGif olawmfaumif; onf ynm&Sdxuf avmuvlom;wdkYtwGuf

pdwfcs,HkMunfMu&onf/ tm;xm;rSDcdk&onf/ ynm&SdjzpfNyD; olawmfaumif; pdwf r&S d a om ol o nf omref ½ d k ; ½d k ; vl x uf y if aMumuf p&maumif;onf[kqdkygonf/ ynm&S d N yD ; ol a wmf a umif ; jzpf y grl twd k i f ; xuf vG e f o míaumif ; ygonf / ynm&Sdolawmfaumif; jzpfygrl taumif;qHk ;jzpfonf[laom taumif;qHk; qHk;rcsufudk EIdif;,SOfvQif ynm&Sdjcif;xuf olawmfaumif; jzpfjcif;u ydkrdkjrwfEdk;zG,faumif;ygonf/ vlom;wdkYwGif vlwdkYqdkif&m usihftyf aom ig;yg;oDv? &Spfyg; oDv? odu©myk'frsm; &So d vkd &[ef;wdw Yk iG v f nf; &[ef;usi0fh wf oDv odum© yk'f (227)oG,u f kd xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smuf Mu&NyD; udk,ftrlt&m EIwftrlt&m? pdwftrl t&m pifMu,foef&Y iS ;f jcif;wdo Yk nf oDv odum© jynhfpHkaom yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ y"met*Fgrsm;jzpfMuyg onf/ vljzpfap &[ef;jzpfap olwpfyg;wdkY tm; todtvdrfrm ÓPfynmwdk;yGm;atmif w&m;usr;f *efEiS t fh nD a[majym ñTejf y oGeo f if qHk;rEkdifjcif;onf ynm&Sd\ y"me t*Fgjzpf onf/ rdrdtay: olwpfyg;wdkY jyKzl;aom aus;Zl;*kPu f kd rarhraysmuf wwfprG ;f oavmuf xif&Sm;atmif jyKrljcif;? *kPf&Sdaomolwdkif; *kPu f kd MunfnKd cs;D ajrm§ uf Ekid jf cif;onf olawmf aumif;\ y"met*Fgrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þy"me t*FgESihfwuG El;nHhaysmhaysmif;pdwfESvHk; aumif; onfudk olawmfaumif;[kqdkygonf/ olawmfaumif;0,f oGijf yifvu©Pm um; t*Fg(12)yg;&Sdonfqdkygonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm 1/ pdwf&Snfjcif; 2/ r<um;0gjcif; 3/ rcufxefjcif; 4/ aus;Zl;udkodwwfjcif; 5/ *kPfrNydKifjcif; 6/ a'gorBuD;jcif; 7/ rmerBuD;jcif; 8/ udk,fusKd;oufoufr&Smjcif; 9/ raumif;wmawGUvQif 0rf;romjcif; 10/ olwpfyg;udk tjypfr&Smjcif; 11/ aumif;wmawGUvQif 0rf;omjcif;

12/ tcgcyfodrf; onf;cHí udk,fEIwfESvHk; apmihfoHk;jcif;wdkYjzpfygonf/ a*gwrAk'¨u o&b*Fokwfü -tcsKdUaomolonf oDv&Sd\?? ynm&Sdolawmf aumif;r[kwf - tcsKdUaomolonf ynm&Sd\? oDv r&Sd? olawmfaumif;r[kwf/ - tcsKdUaomolonf olawmfaumif;jzpf\/ oDvr&Sd? ynmr&Sd/ - tcsKdUaomolonf oDv&Sd ynm&Sd\? olawmf aumif;r[kw/f - tcsKdUaomolonf oDv&Sd\? olawmfaumif; jzpf\? ynmr&Sdukef/ -tcsKUd aomolonf oDv ynm olawmfaumif; t*FgoHk;rsKd;ESihf jynhfpHk\/ - tcsKdUaom olonf oDv? ynm? olawmf aumif;t*Fg oHk;rsKd;vHk;uif;\/ þt*F g oH k ; rsKd ; pH k ; ES i h f jynh f p H k a om nDñGwfaomolonf avmuwGif tvGef&Sm;\ [lí a[mMum;xm;onfudkawGU&ygonf/ &[ef;omraP avmu0,f tcsKdU onf 0denf;wwfí odu©myk'fudk tav;xm; apmihfa&Smufwwf\/ odkYaomf ESvHk;Murf;wrf; \/ rmecuf x ef N yD ; avmb rapä & (vmbfvmb 0efwdkrI) ukvrapä& (aqGrsKd; ypö n f ; av;yg;wd k Y ü 0ef w d k r I ? 0PÖ r apä & (½kyfqif;t*FgwdkYü 0efwdkrI) tm;BuD;wwf\/ xd k & [ef ; wd k Y o nf oD v &S d o nf rSEaf omfvnf; &[ef;olawmfaumif;r[kwaf y/ vl Y a vmu0,f tcsKd U aom olrsm;onf ig;yg;oDv ponfudk xdef;odrf;\? rdbudk tvkyftauR; rjyKMu? ypfxm;wwfMu onf / rsuf E S m BuD ; i,f v d k u f w wf M u\/ atmufvludkESdyfpufn§if;yef;wwf\/ xdo k o l nf oDv&Sad omfvnf; olawmf aumif; pdwf&Sdaom olr[kwfay/ tm*wd uif;aom vlawmfval umif;rsm;jzihf Ekid if hH tusK;d trsK;d bmomomoemtusK;d aqmif&u G f Ekid af &;? EkdifiHtwGuf pD;yGm;a&; Opöm&wem tjzmjzm wd k ; wuf a &;twG u f tusih f o D v pm&d w å AvES i f h jynf h p H k a om ynm&S d o l a wmf aumif;rsm;&Sdyg&ef vdktyfygaMumif; ajzMum; vdkuf&ygonf/ t,f ' D w mtzG J U

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

rif;rodygbl;uG cifolZmjrihf jzL;NrdKU 'ud©Pm½HkpmoifwdkufwGif q&mawmf B uD ; u tk y f c sKyf a &;? ynma&; 0efaqmiftzGJU[k zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; wdkufwm tkyf csKyfa&; ynma&; udpörsm;udk þ0efaqmiftzGJU rS nSdEdIif;aqmif&GufMu&avh&Sdonf/ xd k 0 ef a qmif t zG J U wG i f q&mawmf OD;aerdEónf y:"me em,uq&mawmfBuD; NyD;vQif oltouf odu©m0gtBuD;qHk;vnf;jzpf \/ 0efaqmiftzGJUüvnf; acgif;aqmifjzpf onf/ odkYaomf q&mawmfOD;aerdEónf 0dyó emzuf tm;oefaom q&mawmfyDyD cyfat; at;omaeNyD; pmcstvkyfom OD;pm;ay;vkyf onf / tk y f c sKyf a &; pD r H a &;&mud p ö r sm;ud k 0efaqmiftzGJUü ti,fqHk; pmcsbkef;BuD;jzpf aom OD;okEúdk vTJtyfxm;onfursm;onf/ OD;okE´&uyif pDrHonf? uGyfuJonf/ xd k Y t wG u f 0ef a qmif t zG J U 0if tcsKdUaom pmcsq&mawmfESihf wynhftcsKdUu wm0ef&adS om q&mawmfO;D aerdEu ´ OD;raqmif bJ OD;okE´&uyif OD;aqmif pDrHaeonfudk rBudKufovdk yGpd yGpd jzpfvmMuonf/ xdkudpöudk jyóemwjznf;jznf; BuD; rm;us,fjyefYvmaomtcg q&mawmfBuD;u 0efaqmiftzGUJ (5)yg;udk ac:,laqG;aEG;ar;jref; pHkprf;onf/ q&mawmfu armifaerdEú wm0ef &Sdvsuf bmjzpfvdkY OD;aqmifpDrHrI rjyKvkyfovJ} [k ar;onf/ ]OD;okE´&u vkyfcsifudkifcsifpdwfvJ&Sd? vkyv f v J yk af ew,f? olvyk af ewmuvJ olu Y , kd f usKd;ryg? wdkufwmtusKd; oHCtusKd;vkyfaeNyD; vkyw f muvnf; rvGrJ apmif;&Sw d ,fav? wynhf awmf u ab;ubJ Munh f a eygw,f b k & m;/ vkyfenf;rSm;vm&ifawmh wynhfawmf oGefoif yJhjyifay;rSmygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;onf/ ],ck okE´&vkyfwm vGJacsmfrI &SdaevdkY rauseyf jyóemay:wm r[kwfvm;} ]rSefvSyg tvkyfvkyfwJh yk*¾dKvftzdkYrSm awmh t&d,mr[kwf? ykxkZOf jzpfaeawmh qE´*wdpwJh *wdav;awG wpfcgwpf&HygNyD;

wpfcgwpf&Hawmh rSm;aumif;rSm;Ekdifygw,f bk&m;? wynhfawmfod&ifawmh wynhfawmf ac:qH;k rrSmygbk&m;? ,ck wynhaf wmfukd rnfol rQvnf; OD;okE´&vkyfwmrSm;w,fqdkwmvm ravQmufMuygbk&m;} ]tif; [kwfygNyD 'geJY udk,fawmfu bmjyKvdkY wm0ef&SdNyD; OD;aqmifrvkyfcsifwmvJ} ]taxGtxl;awmh r&Sdygbl; bk&m;? 'gayr,fh wynhfawmfu tJ'Dvkdajym&wmqdk& wmawG rvkyfcsif? at;at;aq;aq;bJ aeNyD; omoifay;csifvdkYygbk&m;} ]tif; udk,fawmfuawmh pmoifom; oHCmudk tkycf sKypf rD NH y;D ynmay;ae&wJh pmoif wdu k af eNy;D rtkycf sKyf rpDrH rajymqdv k zkd ;l qdak wmh pma&;vrf;u 'umarmifcsKyfu olYom;udk ajymwJh rif;rodygbl;uGm vdkY ajymwJhpum;vdk jzpfaeNyDuGJU[k rdefYMum;onf/ xdkpum;jzpfyHk taMumif;pHk tus,f uav; odyg&apbk&m; ]at; wkdYNrdKU pma&;vrf;rSm wdkYrsm;&JU 'um ukefonfarmifcsKyfESihf rat;&Dqdkwm &Sd ouG J U ? ol w d k Y r S m orD ; av;a,muf om;u wpfa,muf&o dS uGUJ ? om;i,fu trESpaf ,muf atmuf nDrESpaf ,muftxuf tv,fqakd wmh ratuvJ cspf? trnDrawGuvJ cspfNyD; tvdk vdkufcH&owJhuGJY} tdrf&JU a&mif;0,fa&;udpö? pD;yGm;a&; udpöawGudk tar rat;&DubJ tBuD;orD; ESpaf ,mufEiS fh wdik yf ifprD cH efcY v JG yk af eowJ?h zcif vkyfol armifcsKyfuawmh olYrdef;rrat;&D cdkif; wmudkbJ jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufay;aeowJh/

]pm;0wfaea&; aiG&mS ay;? aus;Zl;Bu;D ay wdkYazaz vdkY ausmif;rSm atmfqdkarmcJhwJh om; zcifqdkwm tdrfaxmifOD;pD; tdrfOD;ewfvdkY odxm;wJh om;u wpfaeYusawmh ]taz tazu td r f O D ; ewf ? tdrfaxmifOD;pD;vkyfaeNyD; bmrSvJ rvkyfbl;? tarcdik ;f wmavmufbJ vdu k v f yk af ew,f? taz [m tdrfaxmifOD;pD;ESihfudk rwlygbl; taz&m} vdkY ajymowJh/ 'DtcgrSm zcifjzpfou l rif;rodygbl; uGm vdkY jyefajymowJh/ ]b,fvdk rodwmvJ tazvdkY jyefar; awmh ]rif ; taru ae&mwumrS m cs,fvS,fpDrHvdkwJhpdwf&Sdw,f? iguvJ tJ'Dvdk pdwf&SDae&if Adkvfvkae&r,f? ,ck olYudk pDrH cs,fvS,fcGihfay;xm;vdkufawmh igu tdrf twGuf pm;? 0wf? ae? a&;ESihf oma&; ema&; utp rif;wdkY&JU ausmif;p&dwfa0,sm0pöu tp igu bmrSryl& ryif&awmhbl; em;at; yg;at;aeNy;D em;at;yg;at; pm;ae&w,fav uG,f? tJ'gawGudk rif;rodbl;vdkY ajymwm? igtaz b,favmufat;csrf;ovJ tcsdefwef bk & m;&S d c d k ; ? w&m;pmzwf E S i h f b,f a vmuf csr;f omovJvaYkd jymowJ?h ,ckvJ armifaerdEu ´ armif c sKyf u ol Y o m;ud k rif ; rod y gbl ; uG m ajymovd k ajymaygY u G , f } [k rd e f Y M um;&m 0efaqmiftzGJU oHCmrsm; &,f&tifNyHK;wHkY rNyHK;wHkY &,farmMuavawmhonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

acsmif;udy k pfum jrpfu& kd mS aZmfaemif

Ä (plV"Ek*¾[Zmwf) Ä

vGefavNyD;cg jynfAm&m? jA[®j'wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'¨avmif;vsm xdkpOfu odMum;rif;b0/

tdrfaxmifusNyD xdkvkvif olYae&yfodkY jyefcJhvQif/ c&D;Mum;wGif awmqifvdkuf? awmtkyt f v,fü/

olwdkYaemufvdkuf xdkpOfudk jrm;jzihf cGif;vdkuf vkvifysKd/ qifOD;uif;udk txdjyif; aemufuae azmufxGif;/

xdkawmwGif;rS vGwfavvQif c&D;qufíESif/ aemufxyfawGUjrifawmwpfck awGUBuHKjyef& aemuftrI/

xdkawmpkü BuHK&uG,f/ vlqdk;cdk;om; ig;usdyf&,f? c&D;o,f (onf) awGudkESdyfpufNyD; vk,ufMuypönf;/ xdkawmtkyfBuD; t0ifüyif? cdk;om;wdkYu olwdkYudkjrif/ tydkifyif wGufcsufxm; vuf&zrf;zdkY olwdkYBudK;pm;/ odkYygaomfjim; vlqdk;Adkvf olYvlawGudk wm;jrpfqdk/ vkvifysKd\ t&dyftajcum; jrihfjrwfaom a,musfm;/ wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; uif;rJhpGm? olYrdef;rudk apcdkif;&m/ oGm;,lyg trJwHpdkY wdkYawG pm;MuzdkY/ vlqdk;wdkYu ray;csif odkYaomf ay;vdkuf rusufcif/ xdktaMumif;odjrif Ek*¾[ vlqdk;wdkYudk trsuf&S/ cdk;olwdkYu ¤if;rSm? wpfOD;wnf;om a,musmf;yg/ olbmudv k yk Ef idk rf nfenf; wdkYu vltkyfBuD;/

aemufNyD;awmhvnf; igwdkYrSm rde;f rom;rsm;r[kwyf g/ onfawmtkyfrSm tydkifpm; cdk;om;vlqdk; vlrdkufrsm;/

odkYpum;jzihf Ncdrf;ajcmufpOf? av;q,f udk;pif;jrm;udkvQif/ jrm;usnfrSvQif ,liifvTwf av;q,hfudk;a,muf a&SmifrvGwf/

aemufxyfvTwfzdkYjrm;wefrSm jrm;usnfawmihfü rusefyg/ vrf;rSmawGUcJh qifqdk;twGuf jrm;wHwpfacsmif; usnfrSxGuf/

odkYtwGufaMumihf Ek*¾[rSm vlqdk;Adkvfudk ckeftkyfum/ rdef;rqDrSm oHvQufawmif; vlqdk;Adkvfudk owfzdkYtaMumif;/

ajymif;vJoGm;wJh pdwfwPSm tvGefaMumufzdkYaumif;avpG/ cPwmjrif½HkyJ vlqdk;Adkvfudk cspfrduJ/

tJonfhtaMumif;aMumihfom cdk;olBuD;zuf t½dk;xm;um/ toGm;zufrSm a,musfm;zuf wrifvkyfBuH olay;quf/

csufqdkem;cGuf tvGefvsif? vlqdk;Adkvfu wGufrdyif/ csufcsif;qGJiif oHvsufwkwf plV"Ek*¾[acgif;udkjzKwf/

zcifBuD;u ay;pm;yg olYwynhfESihf xdrf;jrm;&m/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/ uRefrrSm vifonfaemuf vdkufcJh&waumufaumuf/

aemufawmh,ckoihfudkvQif jrifjrifcsif;cspfcif/ 'gaMumihfvQif cspftpGrf; oHvsuf½dk;udk oihfzufurf;/ olwdkYvSrf;vmcJhyg? jrpfwpfckqDa&muf&m/ olwdkYavQmufvSrf;vmcJhyg jrpfwpfckqD a&mufvm/ xdkjrpfrSm rdacsmif;&J ul;&eftvGefcufcJ/

trJwHk;vnf; r&&Sm ig;udkvnf; r&yg/ ajracG;crsm NcHKeHab; oem;zG,f&m rdIifawGai;

ajracG;tjzpfqdk;vSyg? tvdk&rufBuD;vSpGm/ bmudkrS olr& xdkrdef;rysKdjrifavu cGufxdk; cGufvef&,foAs/

bmaMumihf&,f& rdef;rysKd ajracG;wrif olajymqkd/ bmudkrS oifr& tvdkBuD;wJh oihfavmb 'gaMumihf uREfkyf&,frd& rdef;rysKdu odkY&Sif;jy/ oif[m tvGefrdkufrJpG/

onfrdef;rudk qHk;r&ef odMum;rif; olYtBuH/ vdkufcJhMu&ef olrSmMum; toifrmwvdewfom; toifyÍöoDcewfom;/

vHkrysKduonfodkYqdk? ajracG;ujyefajym a[movkd/ vifESpfa,mufudk vufvGwfoGm; oifuydkí rrdkufzl;vm;/

ajracG;pum;Mum;aomtcg aemifwBuD;pGm ol&yg? xdktcg odMum;rif; xdkrdef;rudk jypfwifjyif;/

rmwvdum; ig;a,mifaqmif yÍöoDvum; iSufa,mifaqmif igum; ajracG;tjzpfo½kyfaqmif/

t&Sufuif;vS rdef;rysKd ajracG;uav;udk cdk;rdoudk/ xdkrdef;rysKdaemufxyfNyD; aiGcGuf a&TcGuf cdk;rnfwnf;/

NyD;vQif&Sifu onf&wem [dkbufurf;rSmxm;cJhum/ jyefíwpfcg ul;vmcJh uRefrudk ac:vSnhf/

vlqdk;Adkvf&JUtawG;rSm onfrdef;rrSm r&Sdopöm/ 'gaMumihf opömrJholtjzpf onftwdkif;yJxm;&pf/

pdwfnpfvSwJh rdef;rrdkY NcHKem;uyfí ½dIuf½dIufidk/ xdkcPü odMum;rif;u vlYjynfvSrf;Munhf jrifvdkuf&? tvdkBuD;onfh rdef;r'ku©/

'gudkjrifu ajracG;[m trJwHk;udk vTwfcsum ig;udkzrf;iSm tajy;tvTm; ig;ua&xJjyefqif;oGm;/ olpGefYxm;cJh trJwHk;rSm iSufucsDí ,loGm;jyef&m/ olYcrsmESpfckpvHk; tukefvHk;qHk;½HI;/

tJonfhtcg ÓPfxufpGm? rdef;rvkyfolu qdkyg/ uRefrrSmygwJh ypönf;/ tay:½HkeJY aESmifxkyfpnf;/

xdkrdef;rxH a&SU½Ivm? xdktcg a&xJrS ig;onfckefí ajracG;a&SUus/

ajracG;a,mifaqmif odMum;rif;[m trJwHk;udk udkufcsDum?

odkYpGyfpGJNyD; jypfwifum t&Suf&ap zefwD;&m? azmufjyefrIudk odapyg/ wm0efNyD;cg ae&yf&if; jyefaygY odMum;rif;/

,ck ]plV"Ek*[ ¾ } Zmwfukd Ak'&¨ iS af wmf bk&m; aZw0ef ausmif;awmfüoDwif;oHk;pOf r,m;a[mif ; jzm;a,mif ; aom &[ef ; ud k taMumi;fjyKí a[mawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ tcgwpfyg; xdk&[ef;onf jrwfpGm bk&m;udkavQmufwif\/ rdrd\ r,m;a[mif; onf rdrdukd NiD;aiGUap\/ xdktcg bk&m;&Sifu ]&[ef; þrdef;ronf oif\tusKd;rJhudk jyKusihf \/ a&S;oa&mtcgwkef;vnf; þrdef;rudk trSD jyKí aozl;cJ\ h / OD;acgif;udv k nf; oefvsujf zihf jzwf c J h z l ; NyD [ k ajymqd k & m xd k & [ef ; awmf awmif;yefí þZmwfawmfudk a[mjcif;jzpfyg onf/ twdwf\ t&dyf a&S;vGefavNyD;aomtcguAm&mP oDjynfwGif jA[®'wfrif; tkyfcsKyf\/ tavmif; onf odMum;rif;b0ü&Sd\/ vlYjynfwGif ]plVZ Ek*¾[} rnfaom ynmwwfvkvifwpfa,muf &Sd\/ ¤if;udk ol\ q&mygarmu©u olYorD;ESihf vufqufay;vdkufonf/ odkYjzihf Ek*¾[onf ol\ ZeD;r,m;topfpufpufav;udkac:,l um ae&yfodkYjyef\/ vrf;c&D;tp yxrawm tkyfwGif awmqif½dkif;wpfaumifESihfawGU\/ "Ek*¾[onf ol\ usnfawmufxJrS jrm;wpf pif;jzihfyif qifBuD;\ OD;uif;udkazmufum aoapcJhonf/ þodkYjzihf 'kwd,awmtkyfodkY a&muf vmjyefonf/ xkdae&mürl cdk;om; (50) wdkY usufpm;onf/ onfawmtkyfodkY 0ifvmaom rnfonfch &D;onfurkd Q csr;f omray;/ wdu k cf u kd f vk,ufaESmihf,SufMuonfomjzpf\/ ,ckvnf; "Ek*¾[wdkY vifr,m;udkjrifaomf wynhw f u Ykd wdu k cf u kd rf nfjyK\/ ¤if;wd\ Yk vlq;kd rdu k u f m; vsio f nf/ þtrsK;d om;onf omrmef yk*Kd¾ vrf [kw/f trsK;d aumif;om; a,musmf ;jrwf wpfO;D jzpfrnf[k awG;rdí olv Y al wGukd enf;enf; rS rvIyfMu&ef wm;jrpfxm;onf/ "Ek*¾[onf ¤if;vlqdk;wdkYteD;a&mufvmNyD; trJuifpm; aeaom cdk;om;wdkYudkjrifvQif wdkYpm;zdkY trJwHpdkY oGm;,lprf;[k olrY ed ;f rudk cyfwnfwnfjzifh trdeYf ay;um oGm;,lcdkif;onf/ rdef;rvnf; vlqdk;wdkY xHrS trJwpH u Ykd o kd mG ;,lí vmonf/ vlq;kd wdu Yk

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ rauseyfí usufNyD;om; trJuifudk ray;rlbJ rusufao;aom trJwHpdkYudkay;vdkufonf/ þwGif "Ek*¾[onf vGefpGmtrsufxGufoGm;NyD; igwdkYudk þodkY rcefYrjim; jyK&rnfavm[k olcdk; wdkYtm; qdk\/ þwG i f ol c d k ; wd k Y o nf v nf ; wpf a,mufwnf;aom xdkyk*¾dKvfu olwdkYudk Budrf; armif ; aeonf u d k rcH c sif í ]oif o nf wpfa,mufwnf;jzpf\} igwdkYudk oifrnfodkY tEkdif,ltHhrnfenf;/ igwdkYum; tm;EGJUaom rde;f rrsm;vnf;r[kw[ f k qdu k m "Ek*[ ¾ udk jyefí Ncdrf;ajcmufonfwGif "Ek*¾[onf trsufxGuf í jrm;usnfawmufxJrS jrm;wdkYudk xkwfí ypf cwf&m (49) a,mufaom olcdk;wdkYonf wNydKif eufwnf; aoyG0J ifuek o f nf/ "Ek*[ ¾ onf ¤if; \ usnfawmufxJü jrm;tpif; (50) xnhf cJh&m vrf;ü qif½dkif;wpfaumifudk ypfcwfESdrf eif;cJh&ojzihf olYü jrm;(49)pif;om usefawmh onf/ ,ck olYxHü jrm;wpfpif;rQ r&Sdawmh/ xdkYaMumihf vlqdk;Adkvfvkyfoludk ypfcwf&ef olYxH ü jrm;wpfpif;rS r&Sdawmhay/ xdkYaMumihf vlqdk; Adkvfudk ckeftkyfí zdESdyfum? r,m;xHrSoefvsuf udk awmif;\/ olYa,musfm;tm; oHvsufudk vSrf;ay;&mwGif t½dk;udk vlqdk;bufxm;NyD; "m;oGm;&Sd&m bufudk olcdk;buf xm;íay;\/ xdktcg vlqdk;Adkvfonf oefvsuf½dk;udk qGJudkif Ny;D "Ek*[ ¾ udk acgif;jzwfí owfvu kd af vonf/ vlq;kd Adv k Ef iS fh ygarmu©Bu;D \ orD;wdYk onf xGufajy;Muavonf/ twlxGufajy;vm Muonf r S e f j im;? vl q d k ; Ad k v f u pOf ; pm;\/ þrdef;ronf zcifudk,fwdkifay;pm;vdkufaom vifBuD;&SdvsufESihf igYtm; rsufpdusum azmuf jyefav\/ þuJhodkY opömr&Sdaom rdef;rtm; igraygif;Ekdif/ qufí ac:oGm;&efrjzpf[k pOf;pm;rdonf/ þodkYjzihf jrpfqdyfodkY a&mufvm cJhavonf/ a&pD;Murf;vGef;í ESpfa,mufpvHk; wpfNydKifeuf ul;&efrjzpf/ rdef;rjzpfolu ol\ vuf0wf &wem Opömypönf;rsm;udk ¤if;\ ud k , f ½ H k j zih f xk y f a pum vl q d k ; Ad k v f u d k wpfOD;wnf; ul;apNyD; &wemxkyfudk wpfzuf urf;ü oGm;xm;cdkif;\/ NyD;rS olYudkaemufwpf acgufvmac:&efajym\/ vlq;kd Adv k u f m; &wem wd k Y u d k y d k u f í wpf z uf u rf ; od k Y u l ; oG m ;um onfzuf urf;odkY jyefrvmawmhay/ xdktjzpfudk ewfjynfrS odMum;rif; odí xdkrdef;rudk t&Suf&ap&ef? rmwvdESihf yÍöoDcudk ac:,lí vlYjynfodkY qif;cJhonf/ rmwvdudk ig;jzpfapí yÍöoDcudk iSufjzpfap

um oludk,fwdkifrl ajracG;a,mifzefqif;\ xdkYaemuf NcHKab;ü xdkifí idkaeaom ae&m teD;odkY csOf;uyf\/ vHkrysKdonf olwdkYudkjrifae &avonf/ ajracG;onf trJwHk;wpfckudk csDvm \/ xdktpmig;onf a&rSckefxGufí ajracG; a&SUü us\/ ajracG;onf olyg;pyfü cJxm;NyD; aom trJwHk;udk ypfcsNyD; ig;udkzrf;,l&ef ajy; oGm;onf/ odaYk omf xdik g;qDoYkd ra&mufcifrmS yif ig;onf vsif j ref p G m ck e f q if ; í oG m ;\/ xdkYaMumihf olYtrJwHk;udk ,l&ef jyefvmaomf xdt k rJw;kH udk iSuu f okycf so D mG ;avonf/ ajracG; um; NcKH wpfct k eD;uyfí rom,maom rsuEf mS jzihf rdIifawGí aeaomf? vifypfr rdef;ronf jrifojzihf cGufxdk;cGufvef&,farm\/ ajracG; u xdkrdef;rudk þtjzpfrSm &,fp&mr[kwf? 0rf;enf;zG,af umif;onfukd tb,faMumihf &,f &ygoenf;[k ar;\/ rdef;ru olYtjzpfESihf wl í &,f j cif ; jzpf o nf [ k qd k o nf / xd k t cg odMum;rif;u ig\ rdkufrJrIum; awmfao;\/ oif\ rdkufrJrIu igYxufydkí qdk;ao;onf/ oifonf tbuay;pm;aom vifudkvnf; aumif;? oa,mufvifudkvnf;aumif;? qHk;½HI; &onfr[kwaf vm[k xdrk ed ;f rudk t&Su&f atmif ajymum ol\ rlvewfjynfodkY jyefwufoGm; avonf/ rdef;rum;BuD;pGmaom t&Suf&jcif; jzihf BuD;pGmaom aemifwudk&&Sdavonf/ Zmwfaygif;u ,cktcg Ni;D aiGUaom &[ef;\ r,m; ta[mif;onf xdkpOfu plV"Ek*¾[ ynm&Sd\ r,m;jzpfcJhNyD;? ,ckigbk&m;omvQif xdktcgu odMum;rif;BuD;jzpfcJhayonf[k twdwfZmwf aMumif;udkjyefí a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; ud k ; pl V "Ek * ¾ [ Zmwf (ig;&mh i g;q,f Zmwf a wmf B uD ; ) (anmif u ef q &mawmf )

b0aeapmif ; raES m if ; apcsif Ä

0dyóem bm0emukd usihfumtm;xkwf w&m;vkyfzkdY t[kwf wdkYrSm i,fygao;w,f Z&mtkdrsm; &dyfomoGm;í usifhyGm;&efom ,lq&Smrd/

vuG,f? vjynhf OykofaeY0,f MunfarGUoDv aqmufwnfMurkdY i,fvSaywm igwdkYrSmvQif Z&mtkdrsm; ausmif;uefoGm;í apmihfxm;&efom ,lq&Smrd/

omoema&; bmoma&;ukd cyfa0;a0;rSm ypfíomyif OpömpD;yGm aiGaMu;rsm;zdkY ]r,m;pm;zkdY om;pm;zkdYESihf vifom;wGufrkdY ajr;wGufrkdYESihf} ukd,fhzkdYAvm tESpfrSmrJh ESpfumvajymif; vltkda[mif;cJh/

tm;aumif;armif;oef uscsed w f efrS wpfzefoDv aqmufwnf&aomf 0dyóem yGm;rsm;&Smaomf ÓPfrSmrMunf xkHxkdif;NyDrkdY &G,f&nfrSef;&m ra&muf&SmbJ oHom0J0,f vnfNrJvnfqJ

wu,fwrf;us i,fpOfrSvQif oDv? "r® apmihfxdef;Muvsuf 0dyóem bm0emukd usihfumtm;xkwf yGm;rsm;vkyfrS qkd;,kwfuif;um at;csrf;rSmyif/

ckcgMunhfvQif ighjzpftifrSm ae0ifcsdefrS tvif;wodkY b0uHaMumif; wu,faESmif;ayhg taygif;rdwfaqG qifjcifavuG,f jzpfaxG ]ig} okdY rjzpfzkdY/

pmrsuf E S m 32 rS avmbBuD;wmrsKd;uawmh raumif;yg bl;aemf/ wwd , t&G , f q k d w m raocsm avmbaMumih f ,k w f r maumuf u spf w J h ra&&m? aocs maomfvnf; pGrf;EkdifcJrdkY yxr twåpdwfu tqkd;qkH;ayhguG,f/ rsKd ; jrih f (atmif v H ) t&G,frSm ynmvnf;&Sm w&m;emyg? 'kwd, t&G,frSm OpömazGxm; bm0emvnf;yGm;yg/ usrf ; uk d ; rk d ; aomuf M u,f (zm;uef Y ) usD ; oJ a v;xyf q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ y|mef;trTr;f /

1234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678 VISION OF THEDHAMMA 1234567890123456789012345678

jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\ f ,xmbkp* ö P k a f wmfBu;D (8)yg; Eight qualities of Yathabhuccaguna of the Buddha "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f ) jrwfpGmbk&m;ü {uefxif&Sm;aom *kPfwdkYudk ,xmbkpö*kPf csn;f rnfav\/ od&Yk mwGif odMum;rif; oeuFrk m&jA[®mrif;wd\ Yk ÓPfü txl;xif&mS ; tm½Hjk yKaeaom *kPw f u Ykd kd &nf&, G í f ,xmbkp*ö P k af wmf BuD; (8) yg;&Sdonf[k qdkavonf/ þae&mü ¤if;,xmbkpö*kPfawmf BuD; (8)yg;o½kyftusOf;csKyfay:vGif½HkrQ ygVdudk uefYowfydkif;jcm;í a&;om;azmfjyygrnf/ odMum;rif;a[mMum;aom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD; (8)yg; (1) ,m0Íö aomb*0g A[kZe[dwm, y#dyaEém A[kZeokcg, avmumEkurÜm, twåm, [dwm, okcg,a'0rEkómeH/ xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlewfjA[®m owå0gwk\ Yd tusK;d pD;yGm;csr;f omtvdiYk mS tvGet f uJusiafh wmfryl gay\/ þonfum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ a&S;OD;pGmaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ vuFmaqmifyk'f vlewfjA[®m? owå0gwdkY? csrf;omokc? &BuD;&atmif y&[dw? usihfaypG? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;.../ (2) oG m u© m awm acgye? aweb*0wm"ar® m ? oEé d | d a um? tumvdaum? {[dyódaum? Moyae,sdaum? ypöwH a0'dwaAÁm? 0dnL[d/

xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf oE´d|du tp ypöwHa0'dwAÁtqHk;&Sdaom *kPfawmfwdkYESihf jynhfpHkaom w&m;awmfjrwf udk aumif;pGmraoGa[mMum;awmfrltyfygay\/ þonfum; a*gwr xGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ESpfckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmf Bu;D ygaywnf;/ vuFmaqmifyk'f oGmu©mwum? tpjzmvsuf? ajcmufjzm*kPf&nf? jynhfpHknD onfh tvDvD"r®? a[mazmfjy? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;..../ (3) £'H u k o vEÅ d acgye? awew*0wm ok y nwå H ? £'H tuk o vEÅ d ok y nwå H £'H o m0ZÆ H ? £'H t em0ZÆ H £'H a o0d w AÁ H ? £'Heao0dwAÁH £'HuPSokuú? oyÜ#dbm*EÅd okynwåH/ xdak *gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;onf þum;ukov kd ?f þum; tukodkvfw&m;[lívnf;aumif;? þum; tjypf&Sdaom w&m;? þum;tjypfr&Sdaom w&m;[lívnf;aumif;? þum; rSD0Jtyfaom w&m;? þum;rrSD0Jtyfaom w&m;[lí vnf;aumif;? þum;,kwf aom w&m;? þum;jrwfaom w&m;[lívnf;aumif;? þum; rnf; npfaomw&m;? þum;jzLpifaomw&m;[lívnf;aumif;? a0zefcGJjcm; aumif;pGma[mMum;awmfrt l yfygonf/ þum; a*gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnK pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y

12345678901234567890123456789012123 12345678901234567890123456789012123 12345678901234567890123456789012123 CHALLENGE ON THE MORAL GROUNDS

tusOf;axmifodkY tvif;a&mif The Dhamma lit up to the whole Prisons. rÍÆ L ou (rH k & G m )

rk H & G m Nrd K UtusOf ; axmif B uD ; rS w&m;pcef ; ü 0d y óembm0em yG m ;rsm; tm;xk w f a eMuol tusOf ; om;rsm;

ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oBuD;? rHk&GmNrdKUtusOf;axmifBuD;twGif;ü? tcsKyo f m; tusO;f om;rsm;tm; axmiftmPmydik yf *k Kd¾ vrf sm;ESifh rH&k mG NrKd UrS omoemjyKq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;? y&[dwtusdK;aqmiftzGJUrsm;? ,Ofaus;vdr®m&ifaoG;urÇm(rHk&Gm)tzGJUwdkYrS "r®tusdK;aqmifyk*¾dKvfrsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifMuí? tusOf;axmiftwGif; w&m;pcef;zGihfvSpfNyD; tusOf; axmifwiG ;f rS a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vrf sm;? Ak'o ¨ moemawmftqH;k trrsm;udk ,HMk unf pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y