DV20-04 by Thomas Winn

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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yk*¾dKvfawG &&SdNyD;om;jzpf&rnhf t*Fgav;rsdK;ESifh jynhfpHkap&r,f/ (3) xl;jcm;wJh Ó, vdkYac:wJh 0dyóemynm? r*fynmrsm;udk xdk;xGif;odxm;NyD; jzpf&r,f/ tJ'Dtajctae (3) &yfESihf jynfhpHkNyDqdk&if udk,fhudk,fudk aomwmyefvdkYajymcsif&if ajymEdkifygNyDwJh/ a[m "r®aMu;rHkxJrSm 'Dtcsuf (3) csuf ay:vmvdrhfr,faemf/ aom- xdkt&d,om0uonf? tmucFrmaem- vdkvm;onf &Sdaomf? twåem- rdrdudk,fwdkifomvQif? twåmeH- rdrdudk,fudk? cDPed &a,m- ukefNyD;aom i&J&Sdonf? trSd- jzpf\/ udk,fhudk,fudk twnfjyKEdkifw,f? ig aemifb0rSm i&JuszdkY r&Sd awmhbl;/ i&JawGtm;vHk; ihgtwGufawmh ukefoGm;NyD/ tyg,fwHcg;rBuD; ydwfoGm;NyDayhgaemf/ cDPed&a,m- ukefNyD;aom i&J&Sdonf? (0g) i&Jukda&mufap wwfwJh uHw&m;awG ukefoGm;onf/ cDPwd&pämea,med- wd&pämefbHk rSm jzpfapwwfwhJ uHawGuek o f mG ;jcif;aMumifh wd&pämefbo kH nf ihgtwGuf ukefoGm;NyD/ cDPaywåd 0doa,m- NydwåmbHkrSmjzpfapwwfwJh uHw&m; awG ukefoGm;onhftwGufaMumihf NydwåmbHkonf ihgtwGuf ukefqHk;í oGm;avNyD/ cDPmyg,'k*¾wd0dedygawm- tyg,f'k*¾wdü z½dkz&J usap wwfaom uHw&m;awGukefqHk;NyD; oGm;onhftwGuf tyg,f'k*¾wdü usa&mufapwwfaom udavomESihf uHw&m;awG ukefqHk;oGm;onhf twGuf tyg,f'k*¾wd usa&mufapwwfJh w&m;awG ihgoEÅmefrSm ukefNyD; NyD/ tyg,fwHcg;BuD; ydwfoGm;NyD/ i&J u sp&m igh r S m r&S d b l ; / ih g twG u f i&J t d k ; r&S d a wmh b l ; / ihgtwGuf wd&pämefbHk r&Sdbl;/ ihgtwGuf NydwåmbHkqdkwm r&Sdawmhbl;/ ihgtwGuf tyg,fav;bHkqdkwm vHk;0csKyfNidrf;oGm;NyD/ t[H- igonf? aomwmyaEém- aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfonf? t0dedygw"ar®m- rdrdqE´rygbJ aooGm;onhfaemufrSm tyg,fav;bHk odkY z½dkz&Jusa&mufaewwfaomoabm r&SdwJhyk*¾dKvfonf? ed,awmcdkifNrJwJhtaetxm;odkY a&muf&SdNyD;om;jzpfwJhyk*¾dKvfonf? oarÁm"dy&m ,aPm- t txufr*fvQif vJavsmif;&m&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfonf? tod®jzpf \ / olrsm; oGm;ar;raeeJY? rSefuav;wpfcsyf a&SUrSmaxmifxm;NyD; ud, k rfh suv f ;kH eJY ud, k rfh suEf mS &JUtaetxm;udk ud, k [ fh mud, k f Munhq f ;kH jzwf vdkY r&bl;vm;? &w,f/ olrsm;udk ar;p&mrvkdbl;/ rSefxJMunhfvkdufvdkY &Sd&if xdkrSef&dyfxJrSm rdrd&JUrsufESm[m txif;om; ay:vmw,faemf/ xdt Yk wlyJ "r®aMu;rHv k q Ykd w kd hJ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG a[mxm;wJh 'Dw&m;udk em,lNy;D wJh

EXPOSITION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

Ak'*¨ w D u d m

tcgrSm rdrdwdkYrSm "r®aMu;rHkrSefBuD; &xm;NyD/ &xm;wJhrSefay:rSm Munhfvkduf? udk,fb0 udk,hftajctae xifxif&mS ;&Sm; yDyjD yifjyifBu;D ay:vmr,f/ ay:vmwJt h cgrSm ud, k u fh , kd f q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm& udk qHk;jzwfwJh? rqHk;jzwfEdkifbl;vm;/ rSefxJrSmMunfhNyD;awmh udk,hfrsufvHk; (½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) rSm bmjzpfaew,f? rsufESmrSm bmawG&Sdaew,f/ r&Sd&if r&Sdbl;/ olrsm; oGm;ar;p&m rvdkawmhovdk "r®aMu;rHkudk MunhfvkdufwJhtcgrSmvnf;yJ ok E ´ & D y &d A Á m Zd u m 0w¦ K rdrd\oEÅmefrSm jzpfay:aewJhtajctae t&yf&yftm;vHk;[m "r®aMu;rHk Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü xJrSm ay:vmw,f/ ay:vmwJhtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfjrwfu aeawmf r l a omtcg wd w ¦ d w d k Y o nf vmbf y l a Zmf o uú m &aMumif h ckajymcJhwJhtcsuftvufawGeJY jynhfpHkvdkY&Sd&if udk,hfudk,fudk aomwmyef bk&m;&Siftm; jiLplonfjzpfí wihfw,faom tqif;o@mef&Sdaom vdkY ajymEdkifNyDwJh/ ihgrSm tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD? ]ig aomwmyefjzpfNyD} vdkY okE&´ yD &AkZd rf ukd &Siaf *gwrESifh twlwuG *E¨u#k üD tdy&f av aMumif;ESifh ajymEdkifygw,fwJh/ ajymqkdapí ESpf&ufokH;&uf&SdvQif aoaomufMuL;wkdYtm; wHpkd; ab;ig;rsd K ; &ef i g;rsd K ; Nid r f ; &r,f vufaqmifay;í y&AkdZfrukd owfapí aZw0efausmif;awmfwGif uJ eHygwf (1) u bmawGwkef;qdk&if t&d,om0uó- wHjrufacs;pkü trIu d jf zifzh ;Hk íxm;Ny;D aomf okE&´ yD &AkZd rf aysmufonf[k t&d,om0uyk*¾dKvftm;? yÍö- ig;rsdK;ukefaom? b,med- ab;wdkYonf? tkwftkwf usufusufjyKNyD;rS aZw0efausmif;awmftwGif;ü awGUonf a0&med- &efwdkYonf? 0lyoEÅmed- aysmufNidrf;í oGm;Muukef\/ qkdí bk&m;&Sif\ aus;Zl;rJhukd ajymavukef\/ &[ef;wdkYonf þ vlYavmurSm vlawG[m ab;uif;atmifaewwfwJhyk*¾dKvfu taMumif;ukd bk&m;&SifxHavQmuf&mwGif ]]tblw0g'D ed&,H Oaywd}} t&Sm;om;? &efuif;atmifaewwfwhJ yk*Kd¾ vu f t&Sm;om;? ab;jzpfatmif paom*gxmuk d a[mawmf r l o nf / aoaomuf M uL;wd k Y t ojym b,fov l yk ?f ud, k [ fh mud, k v f yk ?f &efymG ;atmif b,fov l yk ?f ud, k [ hf mud, k f a0zef&mwGif jiif;ckeMf uíwdww d¦ Ykd wHp;dk ay;íowfaMumif;ay:avonf/ yJvkyfw,f/ udk,fvkyfvdkY ab;jzpfNyD;? udk,fvkyfvkdY &efawGyGm;aewmaemf/ tblw0g'D ed&,H Oaywd? tJ'gaMumihfrdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfu ab;ig;rsdK; &efig;rsdK; a,m 0gyd uwGm e ua&mrd pm[/ Nidrf;&r,fwJh? at; ab;ig;rsdK; &efig;rsdK;qdkwm bmawGwkef;/ Oabmyd aw aypö orm b0EÅd? ]]*[*wd- tdk temxydPfolaX;BuD;? £"- þavmuü? ed[Deur®m rEkZm y&w¦/ ygPmwdygwD- olwpfyg;\toufudk owfavh&SdwJhyk*¾dKvfonf? ydk;&G jref r muAsm jcyHk;av;upNyD;awmh olwpfyg;toufudk owf&Jjzwf&JwJh yk*¾dKvfonf}}/ rrSefajymvJ i&Ja&mufrSm? 'Dvkd yk*Kd¾ vrf sKd ;onf ud, k t fh oufav;awmh ud, k Ef aS jrmMuw,f? jyKrduG,f0Suf i&JoufrSm? rESajrmbl;vm;? vlwdkif;vlwkdif; aorSmaMumufw,f? udk,hftoufav; xkdolESpfOD; txl;,kwfrm? awmh ud, k Ef aS jrmw,f? ud, k t fh oufukd ESajrmayr,hv f Ykd olrsm;toufukd rIrsm;vpf tjypfwlMuwm/ awmh rESajrmbl;/ wrvGefvJ qif;&Jwlom? ]]ygPmwd y gwD - ol w pf y g;touf u d k &uf & uf p uf p uf i&JvJ rvGJcH&rSm/ owfavh&Sdaomyk*¾dKvfonf? ygPmwdygw ypö,m- olwpfyg;toufudk The speaker of untruth goes to hell; and also he who owfjcif;wnf;[laom taMumif;aMumihf? olwpfyg;toufudk owfwm having done it says, "I did not"; both after death become equal, awGudk taMumif;jyKNyD;? 'd|"r®duHyd- rsufarSmufb0üvnf;jzpfaom? men of base actions in the other world. / vdrf0gnmjzef;aomolonf i&JodkYa&muf\/ b,H- aMumufp&mab;udk? a0&H- &efudk? yo0wd- jzpfyGm;apavawmh pum;ajy/ jyKrdygvsuf igrjyK[k ajymqkd aomolonfvnf; i&JokdYa&muf\/ \/}} olrsm;toufudk owfwJhyk*¾dKvf[m xdkowfrIudk taMumif;jyK (wrvGef b0odkY xGufcGmvmaom) xkdolESpfa,mufvkH;yif ,kwfrm NyD;awmh rsufarSmufb0rSmvnf; ab;BuHK&w,f? &efBuHK&w,f/ olrsm; aom trlt&mrsm;&Sdaom vlrsm;jzpfMu í wrvGefb0ü qif;&JtusKd; toufowfonhftwGufaMumifh udk,hfrSm ab;&eftEÅ&m,fawG a&muf yGm;wkd;nDrQ i&JcH&jcif;wlMuukef\/ vmw,f/ 'Db0rSmvnf; ab;&eftrsdK;rsdK; BuHK&w,f/ raumif;wmvkyf vdYk raumif;wmvkyo f nht f wGuaf Mumifh csucf si;f raumif;wJt h usKd ; cHpm; ]]orÜ&m,durÜd b,H a0&H yo0wd- aoonf\tjcm;rJhü &w,f/ pmayzwfwJhtcg awGUMuygvdrhfr,f/ (ckacwf pmtkyfawGxJrSm jzpf a y:vmEd kifwJh &efawGudkvnf;? yo0w yo0wd - jzpf y G m ;apwwf \ /}} awmfawmfa&;Muw,faemf) tJ'g[m olwpfyg; toufowfjcif;udk taMumif;jyKNyD; ,ckb0rSmvnf;yJ ab;awGBuHK&w,f? &efBuHK&w,f/ olwpfyg;toufudk owfw,fqdkwm rsufarSmufb0rSmvnf; ab;&ef

EXPOSITION OF THE DHAMMA

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

awG yGm;apw,f/ aooGm;wJah emuf wrvGeb f 0a&mufwt hJ cgrSmvnf;yJ ab;awG&efawGwdk;yGm;apw,f? 'gwifvm;qdkawmh]]apwoduH- pdwfü jzpfy:ívmaom? 'ku©H- qif;&Jjcif; udkvnf;? a'greó a'greóH- 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&jcif;udkvnf;? y#doHa0a'wdcHpm;&\}} tukodkvftrIawGvkyfxm;wJh vlwpfa,muf[m wpfaeYMu awmh xdkudpötwGuf 0rf;enf;aMuuGJrIcHpm;&w,f/ aMomf igr[kwfwm awG vkyrf yd gvm;qdNk y;D awmh 0rf;enf;aMuuGrJ aI wG cHpm;&w,f/ ygPmwd ygw udk taMumif;jyKNyD;awmh rsufarSmufb0rSmvnf; ab;awG&efawG yGm;w,f/ wrvGefb0rSmvnf; ab;awG&efawGyGm;w,f/ pOf;pm;vkduf wdik ;f awG;rdvu dk w f idk ;f pdwrf csr;f ajrUrIqw kd m cHpm;&w,f? 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ &w,f/ uJ ygPmwdygw trIu a&SmifvkdufwmeJY wpfNydKifeuf ckeu ajymcJhwJh ab;awG&efawG vHk;0Nidrf;roGm;bl;vm;? Nidrf;oGm;w,f/ ]]ygPmwdygwm y#d0d&wó- owfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfwJh yk*¾dKvfrSm? {0H- þodkY? wH b,H- xdkajymcJhwJhab;onf? wH a0&HxdkajymcJhwJh&efrsdK;onf? 0lyoEÅH- aysmufNidrf;íoGm;onf? a[mwdjzpf\/}} tu,fí olrsm;touf rowfbl;qdk&if olrsm;toufudk owfjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ab;awG &efawG&Sdyghrvm;? r&Sdbl;/ at; 'gaMumifhrdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfu ygPm wdygw aMumihf jzpfay:vmwJh ab;awG &efawG Nird ;f oGm;atmif olwpfyg; toufowfjcif;rS a&SmifvkdufygwJh/ 'g "r®aMu;rHkrSm udk,fhudk,fudk ppfaq;&r,hf tcsufwpfcsuf? ig[m olwpfyg;touf owfjcif;rS a&Smif&JUvm;? a&SmifvdkY&Sd&if ihgrSm ygPmwdygwaMumifh jzpfay:vmr,hf ab;awG&efawG Nidrf;NyD/ udk,hf[m udk,f rodEdkifbl;vm;/ odEkdifw,f/ xdkYtwlyJ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfu - ]]*[ywdtemxydPf olaX;BuD;? t'd E é m 'g,D - ol w pf y g;ray;wJ h y pö n f ; ud k enf;trsdK;rsdK;eJY r½dk;om;wJhpdwfjzihf &,lavh&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfonf?}} t'd E é ' ge qd k w m cd k ; wmwpf e nf ; wnf ; r[k w f b l ; aemf / olwpfyg;ypön;f udk enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJY &,lwm? tEdik u f si, hf w l m&Sw d ,f? cd;k ,l wm&Sw d ,f? vdr, f w l m&Sw d ,f? nm,lwm&Sw d ,faemf/ tav;wif;awmif; rrSefruefvkyfNyD;awmh ,lwm&Sdw,f? r&Sdbl;vm;/ twkEiS t fh ppfvyk Nf y;D awmh [kwv f m;? twkay;Ny;D tppf,v l u kd f t'd E é ' ge wmvnf; &Sdw,f? 'gawGtm;vHk;[m yJaemf/ ]]t'dEé'geypö,m- r½dk;om;aompdwfeJY olwpfyg;ypönf;udk &atmif,ljcif;wnf;[laom taMumif;w&m;aMumihf? 'd|"r®durÜdrsufarSmufrSmvnf;jzpfwJh? b,H a0&H- ab;ESihf&efudk? yo0wd- jzpfyGm; apwwf\/ orÜ&m,duHb,H- a0&H- wrvGefb0üjzpfwJh ab;ESifh &efudkvnf;? yo0wd- jzpfyGm;ap\/ apwoduHyd'ku©H a'greóHqif;&Jjcif;? 0rf;enf;jcif;udkvnf;? y#d oHa0a'wd- cHpm;&\/}} udk,fvkyfwmç rvkyfwm udk,hf[mudk,f todqHk;yJaemf/ at; t'dEém'ge- vkyfxm;vkdY&Sd&if? t'dEém'ge'ge-trIudk taMumif;jyKNyD;awmh 'Db0rSmvnf; ab;awGUw,f? &efawGUw,f? [kwfvm;? rrSefruef ypön;f eJ, Y v l u dk v f Qi?f tdk b,fojl zihf rrSerf uefvyk w f ,f? bmypön;f ujzihf twkBu;D ? twkBu;D ihgudk vdraf &mif;vku d w f ,f? a[m'Duae wkejYf yefraI wG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f bk&m;) at; tJ'g[m 'd|"r®du ac:w,f/ orÜ&m,du tusdK;awG

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

aomu uif;a0; w&m;a&at; ynmEG , f ({&majr-"Ek j zL)

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jzpfaom tb,rif;om;udk apvTwfcJhay\/ tb,rif;om;\ pGrf;aqmifrIaMumihf &Gmi,f av;onfNird ;f csr;f om,mjcif;udk jyefvnfjzpfxeG ;f apcJh\/ AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;onf om;awmf\ pGrf;aqmifrIwdkYudk ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufawmfrlvS onfjzpfí om;awmf tb,rif;om;tm; ujcif;? oDjcif;ü vdr®mwwfajrmufaom vSy acsmarmonhf wpfa,mufaom uacsonfr udk csD;jr§ihfay;oem;awmfrlí ckepf&ufywfvHk; rif;tjzpfudkvnf; ay;awmfrlcJhay\/ tb, rif;om;onf ckepf&ufywfv;kH eef;tdrw f iG ;f rSmyJ rif;pnf;pdrfudk aumif;pGmcHpm;vsufaeav\/ &Spf&ufajrmufaomaeYwGif jrpfqdyf rSm a&csdK;í O,smOfawmfodkY 0ifav\/ O,smOf awmfxw J iG f tqd?k tu ydik Ef ikd u f Rr;f usiv f aS om uacsonf rdef;rvSav;\ tvSrm,m? tu rm,mawmrS m tb,rif ; om; arsmyg pD;0ifaecsed af v; twGi;f rSmyJ olom,mESpo f uf cspjf rwfE;kd awmfrw l hJ uacsonfred ;f rvSav;[m ava&m*g&JU tpGr;f owåad Mumihf cE¨mpJaoyG0J if av\/ vSy ausm&h iS ;f aom u[efq[ kd efawGukd &yfpJvdkufNyD; vJusoGm;&SmwJh uacsonfrav; cspfoludk tHhtm;oihfpGmMunhfae&SmwJh tb, rif ; om;&J U &if x J r S m aomurD ; awG pwif avmifuRr;f vdYk aeav\/ cspaf omolEiS ahf ouGJ uGJcJh&ovdk aMuuGJ0rf;enf;ae&SmwJh tb, rif;om;[m olY&ifxJu aomuawGudk rnfol Nidrf;atmif jyKEdkifyhgrvJvdkY pOf;pm;&SmazGMunhfrd wJhtcgrSmawmh bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;

rSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sdygvm;vdkY odcJh&w,fqdk&ifyJ bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwf oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m a0VK0efausmif;awmfoYkd oGm;a&mufcsO;f uyfNy;D bk e f ; awmf B uD ; jrwf a wmf r l a om jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfjzpfyGm;ylyefaeaom aomuw&m;udk y,f&Sm;Nidrf;at;apawmfrlyg ukefavmh &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;-[k avQmufwif av\/ xdktcg bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfu tb,rif;om;udk oufom&m&apí? rif;om; toifonf þuacsonfrdef;ri,f\ þodkY aomenf ; jzih f o mvQif aovG e f a omtcgü pdk;&drfylaqG;idka<u;jrnfwrf;&ojzihf? jzpfay:us xGuu f ek af om rsu&f nfw\ Ykd tprxifusiv f nf ajy;oGm;&mjzpfaom oHo&mü þa&GUþrQ[k ydkif;jcm;a&wGufí jyp&myrmPr&Sd? tvGefyif rsm;jym;ay\[k rdefYawmfrlavonf/ bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;a&at;aMumihf aomuNidrf;at;pjyKaeNyDjzpfaomtcg bk&m; &Sifu-rif;om;? rpdk;&drf raMumifhMuvihf? þ t&monf rdkufukefaomvlwdkYtm; wGefYwdkqkwf epf aomujzpf y G m ;aom t&maywnf ; [k rdefYawmfrlNyD;í{x yówd r H avmuH ? pd w å H & mZ &xl y rH / ,xmAmvm 0d o d ' EÅ d ? ew¬ d o a*F g 0d Z mewH / [laom þ*gxmudk rdefYawmfrlav onf/ teufum;- {x- vmvSnhfukefavmh/ pdwåH- &wemckepfyg;wdkYjzifh qef;Mu,faom?

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

&mZ&xlyrH- rif;pD;&xm;vQif Oyrm&Sad om/ £rH avmuH? þavmu[k qdktyfaom twåabm ud?k yóx- aphaphiik ?k atmufarhjyKí? Munh½f I Muavukeaf vmh/ ,w¬- tMuifavmuwnf;[l aom twåabmü? Amvm- vlru kd w f o Ykd nf? 0doD 'EÅd-ESpfvkdukef\/ 0dZmewH? odç Mum; vdr®m ukeaf omolwdkYtm;? oa*Fg- wG,fwmuyfNidjcif; onf/ ew¬d- r&Sd/ þuJo h Ykd awmufavmifaeaom rD;udk a&jzihzf se;f ouJo h ?Ykd tb,rif;om;\pdwüf zdp;D aeaomaomuw&m;udk Nidrf;at;awmfrlaom bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;a&at;jzihf csrf;omjcif;udk &&Sdum a'oemawmftqHk;ü tb,rif;om; onf aomwmywådzkdvfü wnfav\/ yHkjyif r[kwfç '@m&Dr[kwf? twdwfumvüjzpfcJhzl; aom tb,rif;om;\ b0yHk&dyftaMumif; t&mwdkYonfum; þwGifNyD;qHk;jcif;odkY a&muf avNyD/ ,ck r suf a rS m uf b 0umvüvnf ; aomuuif;a0;csrf;oma&;udk tvdk&SdMuaom vlom;taygif;wdkYtm; bk&m;&Sif\arwåmawmf teEÅjzihf xm;cJhaomw&m;a&at;wdkYonf wnf&SdaeMuay\/ rnfolrqdk rarhravsmh oH;k aqmifr0DS MJ uygrl aomuw&m;wdYk uif;a0;&m edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &&SdEdkifygay\/ tvHk;pHkaom aomuw&m;wdkYuif;a0;&m edAÁmefcsrf;omudk owå0gtrsm; &&SdcHpm;awmfrlEdkifMuygap/ usrf ; ud k ; "r® y '0w¬ K awmf B uD ; (wwd , wG J ) avmu0*f ? tb,rif ; om;0w¬ K / ynmEG , f {&majr-"Ek j zL pmrsuf E S m 7 rS azmufjyefoGm;jcif;r&Sday/ (7) &uf a jrmuf a omaeY w G i f rif ; BuD ; \ r*F v mjrif ; onf xd w f v ef Y N yD ; eH&HukduefaMumuf&m rif;BuD;onf jrif;ukdpdwf rcsojzihf jymom'f atmufodkYqif;oGm;&m ajrBuD;ESihfajcaxmufxdonfESifhwpfNyKdifeuf ajrBuD;rSm [if;vif;yGihf oGm;um rif;BuD;ukd rsKd a v&m t0D p d i &J o k d Y w k d i f a&muf & S d oGm;avownf;/ rnfokdYrQ rnfolrQ u,fwif csdefr&vdkufay/ ("r®y't|uxm? ygy0*f? okyÜAk'¨omuD0if rif;BuD;0w¦K) rk H & G m aeZm

pmrsuf E S m 8 rS vsuf tnpftaMu;r&Sd? txl;ojzifh pifMu,f aom? Zmwdukef&m edAÁmefodkYa&mufawmfrlaom xdkyk*¾dKvfudk ]Ak'¨} [k qdkMuukef\}} [k Ak'ü &Si;f vif;ajzMum;ay;awmfrv l u kd \ f / obd,onf ajzMum;csuu f kd vGepf mG auseyfEpS o f ufaompdwf jzihf xyfrHar;avQmufvkdufjyef\/ ]]t&Sifa*gwr.. tb,fodkYa&muf oludk raumif;rIrS tyjyKNyD;ol ]jA[®P} [lí qdMk uygoenf;/ tb,ftaMumif;jzihf ]Nird ;f at; NyD ; ol } ud k ]orP} [l í qd k M uygoenf ; / tb,foaYkd omolukd raumif;rIaq;aMumNy;D ol? ]]ESmwu}} [lí qdMkuygoenf;/ tb,ftaMumif; jzihf raumif;rIrjyKwwfoludk ]em*} [lí qdkMu ygoenf;- ajzMum;ay;awmfrlyg t&Sifjrwf bk&m;}}/ jA[® P qd k o nf 5/ ]obd , - tMuif y k * ¾ d K vf o nf raumif;rItm;vH;k udk y,ftyfNy;D aom oabm&Sd \// tnpf t aMu;uif ; \/ t&[wå z d k v f orm"djzihf aumif;pGmwnf\/ oHo&mudk vGeí f jyKzG,f udpöNyD;qHk;NyD;jzpf\/ wPSm- avmb? 'd|d- t,ludk rrSDrlí- wm'd*kPfjzifh jynhfpHk\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfudk raumif;rIrS tyjyKNyD;ol? ]jA[®P} [lí qdktyf\/ orPqd k o nf 6/ obd , -tMuif y k * ¾ d K vf o nf t&d,mr*fjzihf udavomwdkYudk Nidrf;apvsuf wnf\/ aumif;rI? raumif;rIwdkYudky,fí &m* jrLuif;\/ þavmuudv k nf;aumif;? wrvGef avmuudkvnf;aumif;odí y#doaEäejcif;? aojcif;wdu Yk kd vGeaf jrmuf\/ azmufjyefjcif;r&S?d oabmtwkid ;f wnfaomaMumifh wm'd*P k Ef iS fh jynhfpHk\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfudk Nidrf;at;NyD;ol ]orP} [líqdktyf\/ ES m wuqd k o nf 7/ obd , - tMuif y k * ¾ d K vf o nf ? tZÑwåoEÅmefüvnf;aumif;? A[d'öEÅmefü vnf;aumif;? avmutm;vH;k 0,f raumif;rIwYkd udk aq;avQmNf y;D jzpf\/ wPSm'd|w d jYkd zihf BupH nf tyfuek af om vljY ynf? ewfjynfwu Ykd kd BupH nfjcif; odYk ra&muf? xkyd *k Kd¾ vf aq;avQmNf y;D ol ]ESmwu} [lí qdktyf\/ em*qd k o nf 8/ obd , - tMuif y k * ¾ d K vf o nf avmuü wpfpHkwpfckaom raumif;rIrjyK? pyf,OS rf t I m;vH;k wdu Yk v kd nf;aumif;? taESmiftzGUJ udkvnf;aumif;? ajzazsmufy,fpGefYNyD;jzpf\/

tvH;k pHak omcE¨m ponfwüYkd - ESpyf g;aom 0drw k då wdkYjzihf vGwfajrmufonfjzpfí ruyfNid? azmuf jyefjcif;r&Srd í l oabmtwkid ;f wnfaomaMumihf wm'd*kPfESihf jynfhpHk\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfudk raumif;rI rjyKaom ]em*} [lí qdktyf\}} [k Ak'¨u obd,y&dAZkd \ f tar;ykpmä &Spcf suu f kd av;av; eufeuf oabmouf0ifatmif &Si;f vif;rdeMYf um; awmfrv l u dk &f m jyóem oifMum;ay;vku d af om aqGa[mif;rsdK;a[mif; ewfom;\ ñTefMum;rI twdik ;f Ak'x ¨ H wynhcf H &Si&f [ef;jyKNy;D ? ur®|mef; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfav&m rMumrDumvrSmyif obd,&[EÅmrax&fjzpfcJhayawmhonf/ usrf ; ñT e f ; ok w å e d y gwf ? ygVd a wmf (jref ^ jyef ) (obd , ok w f ) av;Nrd K if ? Ak ' ¨ 0 g'ppf y G J r sm;/ &S i f Ó P (zsmyH k )

qkx;l yeftbd"r®moifwef; qk x l ; yef t bd " r® m oif w ef ; rS o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z qkxl;yef q&m[ef ESifh tbd"r®mq&m? q&mrwkdYu tbd"r®m ynm&yfukd . . . ]]ajymoavmufrcuf? cufoavmufvG,f atmif}} acwfraD omoauFwenf;pepfjzifh "r®'geykdYcsoifMum;ay;ygrnf/ 1/ ig;xyf B uD ; jrwf p G m bk & m;\ a&S;a[mif; a':aomhwefaqmif;? A[ef; NrdKUe,f? paeeHeuf 8 em&DrS 11 em&Dtxd we*FaEG -eHeuf 8 em&DrS 11 em&Dtxd 2/ omoemh r mef a tmif rk d ; uk w f 0dyóemy&d,wådpmoifwkduf? ewfacsmif;? wmarGNrdKUe,f/ paen 6 em&DrS 8 em&Dtxd we*FaEG - n 6 em&DrS 8 em&Dtxd 9/ om"kum&D"r®m½k?H Akv d af tmifausmf vrf;? 2010 jynfhESpf? ZGefv 19 &ufaeY aeYv,f 1 em&D (paeaeY)

DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

&[ef;uyf&aom qGrf;wpfeyf Ak a '¨ g &o t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&? arS m f b D ) TRANSLATED into English by Htet Htet Aung (Hledan)

&[ef ; ud a vao bd E ´ w D w d bd u © K / udavomwdkYudk zsufqD;owfjzwfwwfaomaMumihf &[ef;/ bd u © e oD a vm ,mpeoD a vm bd u © K / qGrf;cH qGrf;awmif; tusifh&SdaomaMumifhvnf; &[ef;/ trw&oH bu© w D w d bd u © K / trw[k ac:qdt k yfaom Nird ;f csr;f rIt&omudk oH;k aqmifwwf aomaMumihf &[ef;/ &[ef;qdkwm 'um? 'umrwdkY vSL'gef;aomqGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;? ypönf;av;yg;wdkYudk oHk;aqmifvsuf oHo&mxGuf&mvrf; tusihfpcef;udk tqihftwef;jrihfjrihf udk,fwdkifusihfaeoljzpf\/ &Sif&[ef;b0 0ifa&mufonfrSyif ]]oHom&0¥ 'ku©awm armpew¬m, yAÁZÆH ,mpmrd}} oHo&m 0#fqif;&JrS vGwfajrmuf&ygap jcif; tusKd ;iSm &Si&f [ef;tjzpfukd awmif;yefyg\[k qdck &hJ \/ þonfyif &Sif&[ef;wdkY\ oGm;&mvrf;? usihf&mpcef; rSef;rdacs&m\/ rdrdudk,fwdkif oDvodu©m? orm"dodu©m? ynmodu©mwdkYudk usihfBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeonhfMum;rS ypönf;av;yg; vSL'gef;Muaom 'um? 'umrrsm;wdkYtm;1/ raumif;rIw&m; rjypfrSm;&atmif wm;jrpfay;&\/ 2/ aumif;rIw&m; tjzpfrsm;&atmif wHcg;zGifhay;&\/ 3/ arwåmw&m;jzihf csr;f omyGm;&atmif um&Hapmihaf &Smufay; &\/ 4/ topfw&m;jzihf ÓPfyGm;&atmif a[mMum;ay;&\/ 5/ ta[mif;w&m;jzihf ÓPfxufjruf&ef a[mMum;ay;&\/ 6/ vlewfedAÁmefa&mufzdkY&ef w&m;a[mMum;ay;&\/ &[ef ; tzd k Y u 'um? 'umrwd k Y t ay: txuf y gtcsuf aqmif&Gufay;ae&\/ xdkYtjyif tvSL&Sifrsm; wpfaeYudk tenf;qHk; wpfBurd f arwåmjzihf um&Hay;ydaYk e&\/ odrYk [kwf bk&m;&Scd ikd ;f wkid ;f ? arwåm ydkYwdkif;? w&m;xdkifNyD;wdkif; rqdkif;rwG arwåma0rQay;ae&onf/ vlwt Ykd vkyu f m; wpfaeYv;kH BuKd ;pm;tvkyv f yk Nf y;D nus em;ae &ao;\/ &[ef;wdkYtvkyfum; aeYaeYnn tm;&ufr&Sd? ydwf&ufr&Sd tvkyf tNrJ&Sdaeav\/ tpd;k &0efxrf;wpfa,mufonfyif wpfaeY (8) em&D tvkycf sed f jzpf\/ nae (4) em&Dqdk&if tvkyfem;oGm;NyD/ (16) em&D tem;&\/ wpfywfukd ESp&f ufyw d \ f / wpfywfrmS em&D (40) rQom vkyif ef;cGi0f if\/ touf (60) jynfhu yifpiftNidrf;pm;&Mu\/ &[ef;awmfwdkYum; r*fzdkvf&&ef usihfBuHMu&mü wpfaeYvHk;yif em;cGirhf &S?d tcsed w f idk ;f tvkyv f yk af e&\/ ydw&f ufvnf;r&S?d yifpif tNird ;f pm;b0 r&Sd/ touf&SdaeorQ tvkyfvkyfae&rnfomjzpf\/ tu,fí owdtvkyjf zihf ÓPfxw k í f udavomjyKwaf omfrS owå0grsm;twGuf tvkyfqufvkyfay;ae&\/ bk&m;? &[EÅmrsm;yif

BHIKKHU Kilese bhindati-ti bhikkhu. It is a bhikkhu who wipes out kilesa (defilement) * Bhikkhanasilo ya-canas1Lo bhikkhu. It is a bhikkhu who practises to go on alm- round. * Amatarasam bhakkhat1-ti bhikkhu. It is a bhikkhu who use the tase of happiness called Amata (Deathlessness). A bhikkhu is to use the four requisits such as almsfood, robes, monastic dwelling and madicines donated by laity, practising to be free from cycle of rebirth. As soon as he joins the order of Sanga, he recites that; ''Samsa-ra vat.t.a dukkhato mocanattha-ya Pabbajjam Ya-ca-mi".....) He begs as a monk inorder to get Nibba-na It is only the way of practising for a bhikkhu. He is so busy for him practising, sila, sama-dhi and pyiññya but he performs for his lay people as follows; 1. He preaches for his lay people not to do bad deeds. 2. He encourages them to increase meritorious deeds. 3. He looks after of them with loving-kingness. 4. He expaunds the dhamma to increase their wisdom. 5. He teaches the old dhamma to them inorder to down upon Buddha's teaching. 6. He preaches his lay people to get the life of human, celestial and Nibbana. He always performs his duty like that. Moreover he sends the loving-kindness to his laymen at least once a day. To a man, he tries his best in the day time but he can take rest at night. To a bhikkhu, there is no vacation for him. To a goverment stuff, the number of working hour is eight hours for each day. His working hours is over at four o'clock. He can take rest for even sixteen hours. Every weekend is his holidays. His working hours are only forty hours once a week. When he is about sixty years, he can retired. To bhikkhus, they can not take rest the whole day, and they practise all the time till they die. If there is no kelesa in their mind, they will go on practising for all beings, Look at the example of Buddha and his disciple, the Arahart, though they need not do anything, they keep on performing for the benefits of all beings. Some bhikkhus who know their duty send their lovingkindness to their lay people and all beings having much passier at night. There is no darkness upon the whole world at the same time. The earth also rotates, so the half of the world is dark and the half is bright. The earth rotates not only itself but also revolves around the sun. The earth in front of the sun is night. *

DHAMMA TALKS

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

Munhfygu rdrdwdkYtwGuf tvkyfr&SdcJhaomfvnf; owå0gawGcsrf;omzdkY twGuf qufvkyfay;ae&\/ wm0ef&Sdonfudk wm0efodawmfrlMuaom t&Sirf sm;onfyif udavomtylrsm;aewJh 'um? 'umrrsm;? owå0grsm; wdkY udavomtem;,laewJh tdyfcsdefudkrSef;í arwåmpD;jzef;ay;ae&\/ urÇmBu;D wpfcv k ;kH um; ntarSmif NyKd iw f rl uswwf/ aeYtvif; vnf; NyKd iw f rl vif;wwf/ tarSmifwpf0uf? tvif;wpf0uf a&GUvsm;vsuf aeonfom/ urÇmBuD;onf olY[molvnf; vnfywf? aeurÇmudkvnf; vSnfhywfqdkawmh aebuf&SdonhfurÇmonf aeYjzpfNyD;? aeurÇmuG,f&m t&yfu tarSmifjzpfae\/ odkYjzpf&um; owå0gtrsm;wdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGm; ay;oem;awmf rlaom bk&m;? &[EÅmwdkYonf owå0gtrsm; udavomem;í tdyfcsdefudk arwåmydkYay;ae&jcif;[m jrefrmEdkifiHwdkYtzdkYrSm aeYa&mnyg jzpfEdkifyg\/ &[ef ; pm;&rnh f qG r f ; wpf e yf &[ef;onf eHeuft½kPfrwufrDuyif &[ef;w&m;yGm;rsm; vm&m ntem;,lrnhfem&Dtxdyifjzpf\/ tem;,lcsdefrSty avsmif;? xdkif? &yf? oGm; av;yg;aom £&d,mykwfwdkYrSm trSwfygae&\/ n\ qlnu H if;qdwf qdwNf ird rf ?I at;csr;f rIukd tcGiahf umif;,l vsuf qGr;f a[mZOf tm[m&wdYk aMuyGysupf ;D oGm;í cE¨mayhgyg;aecsed w f Ykd rSm &[ef;w&m; yGm;rsm;jcif;[m taumif;qHk;tcsdefvnf;jzpf\/ arwåm yd&Yk efvnf; taumif;qH;k tcsed jf zpf\/ tarSmifus urÇmwpfjcrf;&Sd vlom; wdkYvnf; tdyfarmusí b0ifpdwfrQ&Sdcsdefjzpf\/ xdktcsdefrSef;í arwåm pD;jzef;jcif;omjzpf\/ vltrsm;\ tdyfcsdefomjzpf\/ vlwdkif;tdyfcsdefum; rjzpfwefaumif;&m\/ xdo k Ykd &[ef;w&m;yGm;rsm;í eHeufr;kd aomuftvif;a&mufcgeD; aomfum; rdrdqGrf;cHrnhfae&mt&yfodkY odkYr[kwf qGrf;cHrnhfae&mrsm;odkY tm½Hjk yKa&S;½Ivsuf rdrw d pfnvH;k apmifx h ed ;f cJah om um,uH? 0pDuH rusL; vGefjcif; oDv? tm½Hkrvyf ½IrSwfaeonhfowdu rSwfwdkif;rd? tm½Hkt&Sd trSwfowdrvGwfjcif;? wnfMunfaejcif; orm"d? tm½Hkt&Sd rSwfod&mrS twwfod? t&Sdod? todÓPfrsm;udk a&S;OD;pGmqifjcifí Munfvifvm NyD;aemuf arwåmvdIif;rsm;? arwåmuodkPf;rsm;? arwåmuGef&ufrsm; ydkYo jzefYusufapvsuf Edk;xcJh&avonf/ wzef eHeufrdk;vif;NyD;aemuf wpfudk,fa& oefY&Sif;a&; jyKvkyf &\/ xdkYaemuf qmavmifrIudk ajz&Sif;ay;&\/ xdkYaemuf owdudk tm½Hk e,fusOf;ay;um &[ef;w&m; tm½Hkusufpm;&awmh\/ xkdrS ouFef;? oydwf? y&du©&mrsm;udk jyifqifNyD; rdrd&JUoDv? orm"d? ynm odu©moHk;&yf? tusihfjrwfwdkY\ "r®"mwftm;awG qifjcif Munfvifat;jraompdwfjzihfig\ tusihf"mwf? "r®"mwfrsm;udk cdkem;qnf;uyfrSDtyfaom þa'o&Sd 'um? 'umrrsm; omoemESihfBuHK vlYbHka&mufí tvSL'ge\ tusdK;zv csrf;omcGihf&Muygap[k tm½HkjyKvsuf qGrf;cHxGufcJhav&m \/ xdkae&m xdka'o&Sd ½ku©pdk;? bkr®pdk;? tmumopdk;ESifh a&ajr awmawmif a'oydik ;f rSrusef vrf;oGm;&if; arwåmyGm;&\/ tvSL&Sirf sm; udkvnf; arwåm"mwfrsm; ay;vTwfxm;&\/ qGrf;cH&mwGif tvSL&Sifrsm;onf igqdkwJhtwåabmBuD;udk vSLjcif;r[kwf? tusihfudkom vSLjcif;jzpf\/ tusihfudkom axmufyHhzdkY jzpf\/ igonf tvSL&SifwdkY\qGrf;udkpm;í usihfay;&rnfjzpf\/ tvSLcH zGifhaeí rusihfu a<u;wif&m\/ xdkYaMumifh usihfudkusifh&rnf/ igonf

Therefore the Buddha and the Arahart send the lovingkindness to all beings at sleeping time for the benefit of them. So it might be day and night in Myanmar. The alms-food that the bhikkhus have Bhikkhus practise meditation from morning to night. They have mindfulness upon the four kinds of posture, lying, sitting, standing and walking except rest time. Taking the advantage of quiet night when the food they had are digest, they practise meditation lightly and it is good time to send loving-kindness. At that time, the humen beings under the darkness are sleeping. So they guess and send the lovingkindness for human being but every one might not be sleepy. By the time it is dwan, they wake up sending the lovingkindness and reflecting on his Si-la, Sama-di and Pyiññya- keeping the whole night. After that, they clean by themself and have the break fast. Then they go on practising. Later they go on alms-round preparing their requisites and sending loving-kindness with peaceful mind to the lay people who pay respect their practising and dhamma. Beside they send the loving-kindness to respective local seen and unseen being and their lay people. They are mindful that lay people do not after their body and only donate their practising and so they practise having alms-food that lay people donate. In fact they consider that if they do not practise, they must have debt and they must practice more and more. They wish all the lay people who donate their practising would be happy at once. "Sukhita- hotha, dukkha- mucca tha" May they be happy. May they be liberated. Sending loving-kindness and having mindfulness, they go on alms-round. On arriving their monastery, they donate the alms-food to the lord Buddha reflecting their purify training and Buddha attribute. Then they share their meritorious deeds to all beings near and far. Reflection alms-food for a bhikkhu offered by laity. Reflecting properly, the bhikkhu takes alms-food. He does so not for enjoyment, not for vanity (in strength), not for improvement of the body and not for a better complexion, but only to sustain the physical body, to have just enough nourishment for maintaining life, to appear hunger and to carry out the Noble Practice of Purity. (He reflects thus) By this alms-food, I shall remove the existing (lit, old) disconfort (of hunger) and shall prevent the arising of new disconfort (from immoderate eating) I shall have just enough nourishment to maintain life and to lead a blameless life in good health. Then they take the alms-bowl infront of the Buddha image and sit on the animal skin putting it on the alms- bowl stand. Besides they reflect their alms- food. as above or reflect Pa-l.i as Patisankhayoniso. After that they send the loving-kindness to the lay people. They must have the alms-food with awareness of Buddha teaching. They practise the meditation to get Nibbana having the

DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ aumif;aomtusihf xyfqihfí usihfaytHh/ ig\tusihf*kPfudk tm½HkjyKí vSL'gef;Muaom tvSL&Sifrsm;? ig\tusihf*kPfudktrSDjyKí csufcsif;vufiif; csrf;omjcif;rsm; &&SdcHpm; EdkifMuygap/ ok c d w m a[mx? 'k u © m rk p ö x / udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rm csrf;omMuygap/ qif;&Jcyfodrf;rS vGwfajrmufat;Nidrf;Muygap/ þodkYESvHk;oGif;vsuf rdrdrSwfaeus trSwfowdrdatmif rSwfvsufyif qGrf;cH0if&avonf/ xdkrSonf rdrdausmif;a&mufu rdrd\pifMu,faomtusihfudk qifjcifvsuf Ak'¨*kPfawmf tm½Hkay:NyD; rdrd\tusihfESihf tvSL&SifwdkY\ o'¨gwdkYaMumihf jzpfay:vmwJhqGrf;udk qufuyf&m\/ NyD;aomfum; tvSL &Sifrsm; tpxm;vsuf owå0gtrsm;udk trQa0? rdrdausmif;a'o&Sd jriftyf? rjriftyf ESpf&yfrsm;pGm owå0gawGudk arwåmydkY? trQa0ygav/ rdrdausmif;teD;&Sd owå0grsm;tm; ukodkvfjyKwkdif; trQa0&av\/ qG r f ; qif j cif & ef þonhfpm;zG,f? tr,fr,fudk? jrL;&,frmef<u? vSya&qif;? jynhfNzdK;jcif;iSm? roHk;ygbl;? av;jzm"mwfaqmif? þudk,faumifonf? &Snfatmifwnfvsuf? toufrQwrf;? rarmyef;jim;? bk&m;omoem? usihfESpfjzmudk usihfygEdkifap? a0'ema[mif;opf? rjzpfap&? ,mydkufrQvpf? cyfodrf;jypfudk rjzpfavatmif? csrf;ajrUatmif[k oHk;qmifrSD0Jygownf;/ bk&m;a&SUrS qGr;f oydwpf eG NYf y;D vQif om;a&EG,cf if;xm;&m ae&m wGif wifysOfacGxdkifvsuf oydwfudkaygifay:rwif&bJ? Murf;jyifwGif oydwfajcESihfcs? wifysOfacGay:wGif vufokwfjzefYcif;NyD;aemuf qGrf;udk txufygtwdkif; qifjcif odkYr[kwf? y#docFga,medaom paom ygVd teuft"dyÜm,fwdkYjzihf qifjcif&\/ qifjcifNyD;ygu tvSL&Sifponf arwåmyGm;ay;&\/ xdkYaemuf qGrf;pm;&mwGif trSwf,SOfzdkY bk&m;,SOfa[mxm; aom owdorÜZOfÓPf,SOfí pm;oHk;ygav/ &[ef;awmfrsm;onf 'um? 'umrrsm;vSL'gef;wJh ypön;f av;yg; bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifvsufu oHo&mc&D; vGwfajrmufatmif usihfaqmif &\/ oDv? orm"d? ynm odu©moHk;&yf usifhaqmifyguvnf; udk,fwdkif vnf; r*fzdkvfedAÁmef rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMuovdk tvSL&Sifrsm;vnf; tusdK; BuD;rm;&\/ xdkYtjyif tvSL&Sifrsm; tusdK;rsm;NyD; rdrdtwGufvnf; qGrf; at;oGm;&atmif 'um? 'umrrsm;wdu Yk kd arwåmbm0em yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf ay;ae&\/ tjypf u if ; qG r f ; &[ef;wdkYonf Opömpyg;udk usD? pnf? *dka'gifüvnf; odrf;rxm; Muyg/ td;k üvnf; odr;f rxm;Muyg/ awmif;yvH;k üvnf; odr;f rxm;Muyg/ oDv? orm"d? ynm odu©moHk;&yf tusihfjrwfwdkYudk aumif;pGm usiafh eMuaom xd&k [ef;awmfrsm;onf olwpfyg;wdt Yk rd rf mS usuNf y;D om;? csufNyD;om; qGrf;[if;vsmrsm;udk oifhavsmfaomtcsdef0,f ouFef;½HkNyD; oydwyf u kd v f suf tdrpf Ofrjywf qGr;f cH&yfum tvSLcHMuonf/ &vmaom tpmtm[m&jzihfyif rQwaeMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh Opömpyg;vnf;r&Sd? tdrfaxmifom;arG; ½IyfaxG;rIvnf;r&Sdaom &[ef;\ qGrf;cHpm;jcif;

alms-food lay people offer. In this way, they can get Nibba-na themself practising Si-la (Morality), Sama-di (concentration) and Pyiññya- (wisdom). Moreover they send the loving-kindness not only for the benefit of lay people but also for their alms-food to be cool. The innocent alms-food The bhikkhus never keep the grain in the store, in the pat and in the bashet. The bhikkhus who practise. Three fold Training go on alms-round for suitable time. They content the alms-food they have received. So they do have neither grain nor household life. It is good practise both present and after life Lobha (greed), dosa (hatret and moha (bewilderment) can not tortune the bhikkhus who have the innocent alms-food. So there are so household life to keep properties. Innocent alms-food means that the alms-food they receive in just and fair, He alms-food they have reflecting, the almsfood sending loving-kindness and having mindfulness. There are two kinds of innocent alms-food 1. Sa-vajjapin.t.a - guilty alms-food Anavajjapin.t.a -innocent alms-food The guilty alms-food means that the alms-food they receive from practising medicine from living to amaze from peaching to get gain, from making indirectly to offer, being blame to other to get gain and giving alittle to get more. They are wrong living and if they do not reflect the alms-food, it is guilty almsfood. Avoiding unsuitable living (Miccha- j1-va) and having fair alms-food reflecting is innocent alms-food.

tusihfonf ypöKyÜef wrvGefaumif;onfomjzpf\/ tjypfr&SdaomqGrf;udk pm;oHk;aom&[ef;tm; avmb? a'go? arm[paom udavomwdkYaomfrS rESdyfpufEdkifacs/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; tdrfaxmifom;arG;ESifh Opöm? pD;yGm;odrf;qnf;xm;jcif;r&Sd jzpf&\/ tjypfr&Sdaom qGrf;qdkif&m w&m;ojzihf &vmaomqGrf;? qifjcifvsuf pm;oH;k aomqGr;f ? arwåmydEYk iS hf ½Irw S rf yI gaom qGr;f jzpfonf/ &[ef;wdkYtwGuf oHk;aqmifaomqGrf;onf1/ om0ZÆyd@- tjypf&SdaomqGrf;/ 2/ te0ZÆyd@- tjypfr&SdaomqGrf;/ þodkY qGrf;ESpfrsdK;&Sdavonf/ xdkwGif aq;0g;ukorI ponfjzihf rtyfaom &SmrSD;jcif;? tae oejzihf tHhzG,fjzpfatmif oHk;pGJaexkdifjcif;? ypönf;vmbfvmb&atmif qG,fíajymqdkjcif;? ay;vSLzdkY t&dyfedrdwfudkjyKjcif;? olwpfyg;udk tjypf ajymí vmbfukd &SmrS;D jcif;? ypön;f enf;enf;ay;í rsm;rsm;&atmif vmbf udk &SmrS;D jcif;? þodYk ponfjzihf rSm;,Gi;f aom toufarG;rIjzihaf omfvnf; aumif;? tyfaomqGr;f eSifh w&m;ESiahf vsmpf mG yif &&Syd gaomfvnf; qifjcif rIrjyKbJ oHk;aqmifqGrf;wdkYonf tjypf&SdaomqGrf;rnf\/ rtyfaom&SmazGjcif;? taeoeudky,fum toufarG;rI rdpäm ZD0udk a&SmifcGmí w&m;ESihftnD &SmazG&vmonhftjyifqifjcifvsuf pm;oHk;aomqGrf;onf te0ZÆyd@ tjypfr&SdaomqGrf;jzpfonf/

DHAMMA TALK

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

urÇmwGif *kPf,l&aomjrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY\ tcrf;tem;BuD;oHk;&yf Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; urÇ m wG i f *k P f , l & aom Ak ' ¨ b momjref r mvl r sKd ; wd k Y \ tcrf;tem;BuD;oHk;&yfrSm (1) bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemjrwfoHk;yg;wdkY udk OD;xdyfxm;í arG;zGm;&jcif;/ (2) &wemoHk;yg;wdkYudk OD;xdyfxm;í xdr;f jrm;vufxyf&jcif;/ (3) &wemjrwfo;kH yg;wdu Yk kd OD;xdyx f m;í om;&Sif jyK&jcif;wdkYjzpfayonf/ y#d b mef y gVd * gxm yxrH Zm,aw "D a &m? 0d 0 g[H 'k w d , H u a&? wwd , H yAÁ Z Æ H yk w å H ? od & |&wewå a ,m? ykwå yykwåuúare? 0Ho"r®H Ekygva,/ "da&m-Ak'¨bmom jrefrmynm&Sdtaygif; olawmfaumif;onf od&|&wewåa,m-OD;acgif;üwnfaom &wemawmfjrwfoHk;yg;&Sdonf jzpfí (0g) &wemjrwfoHk;yg;? OD;xdyfxm;í? yxrH-a&S;OD;pGm? Z,awarG;zGm;vm&ay\/ 'kw, d -H ESpcf ak jrmufü? 0d0g[H-vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;tdraf xmifwnf jcif;udk? ua&-jyK&ay\/ wwd,-H oH;k ckajrmufü? yAÁZ-HÆ &Sijf yKr*Fvmud?k ua&-jyK&ay\/ ykwyå ykwu å aú reom;pOfajr;quftm;jzih?f 0Ho"r®-H Ak'b ¨ mom jrefrmvlrsK;d wd\ Yk "avhx;kH wrf;pOfvmoabmud?k tEkygva,-tpOftm; jzihf apmihf&Smufav&m\/ urÇ m wpf c G i f & S d vl r sKd ; tm;vH k ; xuf xl ; jrwf v S \ (c) &wemjrwfo;kH yg;OD;xdyx f m;aom rdbwd\ Yk &ifciG üf arG;zGm; vm&aom jrefrmvlrsKd;onf &wemjrwfoHk;yg; xD;awmft&dyfatmufrSm crf;em;xnf0gvSygay\? urÇmwpfciG &f dS vlrsK;d tm;vH;k wdx Yk uf usuo f a& &SdvSygay\/ xl;jrwfvSygay\/ r*F v musuf o a&taygif ; canmif ; ygay\ (2) &wemjrwfoHk;yg; OD;xdyfxm;aom owdkYom; owdkYorD;wdkY onf &wemjrwfoHk;yg; xD;awmft&dyfatmufwGif xdrf;jrm;vufxyf& jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? tdrfaxmifwnfaqmuf&jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? urÇmhtv,frSmxnf0g0ihf<um;cefYjim;vSygay\/ r*Fvm usufoa& taygif;canmif;ygay\/ xl;jrwfvSygay\/ Ak ' ¨ b momjref r mwd k Y * k P f , l & rnf h r*F v mtcrf ; tem;BuD ; (3) &wemjrwfoHk;yg;OD;xdyfxm;í om;&SifjyK? tvSLr*FvmjyK &jcif;onf Ak'¨bmomjrefrmvlrsKd;[k *kPf,l&rnfh r*Fvmtcrf;tem; jzpfygayonf/ rdrdwdkY\ om;vS&wemwdkYudk omoemawmfwGif; oGwfoGif; tyfESif;cJhMuaomaMumihf yk*Hacwfupí ,cktcsdefxd Ak'¨bmom omoemrsKd;aphtjrpfpJGNyD; pnfyifxGef;um;Ekdifjcif;jzpfonf/ tu,fíom jrefrmEkdifiHawmfü rdrd\ om;udkomoemawmf wGi;f odYk tyfEiS ;f oGwo f iG ;f vdpk w d f uif;rJo h mG ;cJah omf om;&Sijf yKtvSLawmf r*FvmyGJ jywfpJoGm;cJhaomf Ak'¨bmomomoemawmfESihf jrefrmjynf wjznf;jznf;uif;uGmí jrefrmjynfü Ak'o ¨ moemuG,yf oGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ þum;&SifjyKtvSLawmfr*Fvm"avhonf trsKd;om;a&; udpö Bu;D wpf&yftjzpfwnf&adS eayíom þjrefrmEkid if aH wmfBu;D ü Ak'o ¨ moem

awmfonf omoemig;axmifqHk;onhfwdkifatmif wnf&Sd½HkrQru Ak'¨ bmomjrefrmvlrsKd;[k urÇmhtv,frSm xnf0gcefYjim;pGm wnf&Sdaernf jzpfayonf/ txl;rSwfom;zG,f&mrSmum; &wemawmfjrwfoHk;yg;OD;xdyfxm;jcif; r*Fvmtcrf;tem;oHk; &yf w G i f ,ck t cgü &wemoH k ; yg;OD ; xd y f x m;í xd r f ; jrm;vuf x yf tdraf xmifwnfjcif;[lonfh 'kw, d tcrf;tem;onf ta&;Bu;D qH;k jzpfae ygonf/ xdk'kwd,r*Fvmtcrf;tem;onf owdkYom; owdkYorD; ESpfOD; pvHk;wdkYu &wemjrwfoHk;yg;wdkYtm; OD;xdyfxm;MuzdkYu txl;vdktyfaeyg onf/ &wemoHk;yg;OD;xdyfxm;jcif; wpfjcrf;yJhjzpfcJhonf&Sdygaomf bmoma&;tcuftcJ? trsKd;om;a&;tcuftcJrsm;ESihf BuHKqHkMu&rnf jzpfygonf/ bmoma&; trsKd;om;a&;taMumiftusm;jzpfcJhygu trsKd; bmomomoempnf;vHk;a&;BuD;wpf&yfvHk; ysufjym;oGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ þuJhodkY &wemjrwfoHk;yg;OD;xdyfxm;jcif; 'kwd,tajcysufcJh aomf yxr? wwd,OD;xdyfxm;&SdrIwdkYyg tajcvnf;ysuf taevnf; ysufoGm;rnfomjzpfygonf/ þjyóem? þudpöBuD;onfum; omref yk*¾vdu udpör[kwf awmhonhftwGuf omoemhacgif;aqmif EkdifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;ESihfwuG q&m? rdb? rsKd;qufom;orD;? ajr;jrpfwpf&yfvHk;wdkYtzdkY tpGrf;ukef xde;f odr;f umuG,af pmihaf &SmufMu&rnfh trsK;d om;a&; wm0efBu;D wpf&yf jzpfygaMumif; wifjytyfygonf/ ]]trsKd;bmom omoemt"GefY&SnfMum wnfwHha&;twGuf}} Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

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vHk;pHkjzpfysuf? oabmeufudk ½IuGufudk,fpD? ÓPfpOfrDvsuf a,m*Dqifjref;? &dyfNidrfvrf;odkY wufvSrf;EkdifrS? at;Nidrf;&vdrhf/ / Ak a '¨ g &o- t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&? arS m f b D )

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NIYAMA DIPANI OR MANUA by

Maha-thera Ledi Sayadaw, Ag TRANSLATED From the Pa-l.i, By Revised and Edited by Mrs. C.A.F The Residuem Translated by VEN (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) avmuES i h f ed , mrtcG J t usOf ; ,cktcg ed,mr w&m;wdkY\ tpGrf;jzihf Moumoavmuç ocFg&avmuç owåavmuwnf;[laom avmuoH;k yg;wd\ Yk tprxif tpOftqufjzpfwHkç ysufwHk tjynhftpHk tus,fudkrlum; uyÜ0PÖem paom usrf;wdkYrSm ,lMuav/ jzpfwHkç ysufwHk aeMuyHkudk tusOf;tm;jzihf jyqdkaytHh/ ed,mr w&m; ig;yg;wdkYwGif Owked,mrç ADZed,mr ESpfyg; d mrç wdo Yk nf Moumoavmuç ocFg&avmuwd\ Yk qdik &f mwdw Yk nf;/ ur®e, pdwåed,mr ESpfyg;wdkYonf owåavmu\ qdkif&mwdkYwnf;/ "r®ed,mr onf avmuoHk;yg;ESihfqdkif\/ urÇ m wnf y H k ysuf y H k pufb;D oP²mefuo hJ Ykd pMu0Vmawmifwef;Bu;D wpfck 0dik ;f 0ef;í wnf&Sdaom wpfckaom avmu"mwfudk Moumvavmuwpfckac:\/ xdMk oumoavmuwpfc\ k twGi;f ü r[myx0Dç r[mork'&´ muRe;f Bu;D av;uRef;ç uRef;i,ftrsm; tv,fwnhfwnfhü jrihfrdk&fawmifBuD;? xd k j rih f r d k & f awmif B uD ; \tyü jrih f r d k & f a wmif u d k 0ef ; 0d k i f ; í wnf&SdMuukefaom oDwmç ork'´&mckepfwef bwå&bef awmifwef;ç awmif0dkif;BuD; ckepfxyf wnf&SdMuukef\/ þum; igwdkY ,ckwnf&Sdí aeMuaom Moumoavmuwpf c k \ wnf & S d y H k w nf ; / avmu"mwfwpfckvnf; ac:&\/ pMum0Vmwpfckvnf; ac:&\/ igwd k Y pMu0VmrS ta&S U ç taemuf ç awmif ç ajrmuf t&yf av;rsufESmwdkY\vnf; pMu0Vmtqufquf tqHk;r&Sdç teEÅpDcsnf; wnf&Sdukef\/ xdkpMu0VmtoD;oD;wdkYonfvnf; tnDtrQ &Gufaqmif Muukeaf om "mwfw\ Ykd "r®ed,mr tpGr;f jzihf t0ef;t0dik ;f tnDtrQjzpf Muukefí/ xdktqHk;r&Sd teEÅpMu0VmwdkYonfvnf; uka#wpfodef;pD uka# wpfodef;pD jzpftwlç ysuftwl zGJUpnf;vsuf wnf&SdMuukef\/ pMu0Vm wd\ Yk atmufü a&txkBu;D cH&\/ a&\atmufü avtxkBu;D cHí/ av\atmufü tZ#mumo teEÅ aumif;uifBuD;tqHk;r&Sd oGm;av\/ txufaumif;uifwdkYü wnf&SdMuukefaom rdk;wdrfwdkYonf vnf;aumif;? aeç vç eu©wfç wm&mtaygif;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;?

(To be continue) Here, "Type" (linga) means "variation in appearance". "Differ mutually"; is different from one another. In these verses the Master spoke of the generic order of trees, etc., and of animals. Such an "Order of Birth" obtains also among men. Men are also seen to be of different birth and breed, different clans, families and descent. But in this Sutta in order to eliminate the false notion that" the Brahmin is the best of all in the world" (the Brahmin, i.e. by birth only), he first shows the types, among the multitudes of human actions and efforts, are wrought by present actions (not merely by birth), and family describes the ideal Brahmin. Kamma is shown, in this Sutta as the criterion of the inferiority or excellence of beings. It is kamma that distinguishes beings with respect to worth. Outwart appearance is due to breed-variety in the parents. Born of bovine breed, one has the hovine shape and appearance; similarly as the horses. Hence in the Birth-Niyama a different procedure is called for when treating of animals (pa-na-) as distinct from higher beings (satta-). II

Of The Two Standards of Truth

(Dve saca-ni)* Our task here is to define the two categories under which all truths may be included:(1) The Conventional (Sammuti): and (2) the Philosophic (paramattha) standard. (1) Conventional Truths.- By this is meant a truth or fact, generally received as such by the common consent of mankind. What are the modes of conventional expressions? These are "self" "soul", "being", "person" woman, man, body, head, hand, legs, hair, of the head, down on the body, nails, teeth, skinm, flesh, nerves, sinews, bone, etc., the names of such external objects as tree, creeper, shrub, house, chariot, carriage, bed, seat, etc. None of these are names of such "really existent" dhammas (facts, phenomena, attributes) as mind, contact, extension, cohesion, etc. They are all names which denote as well as connote only some physical appearance and its persistence as

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

wDe, d mr'DyeD

ANUAL OF COSMIC ORDER by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. l.i, By M. Barua. M.A., D. Litt, and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, M.A. D. Litt. by VEN. U Nya-na., Pathamagyaw. aumif;uifbBkH u;D wdo Yk nfvnf;aumif;? ajrtjyifrS txufaumif;uifEiS fh tjynfh&Sdaeaom avtxkBuD;rSm wnfMu&ukefouJhodkY atmufurÇm a&BuD;onf jyif;xefpGm oGm;vmaeaom av&SiftxkBuD;rSm wnf&av \/ xdak vtxkBu;D onfvnf; atmufteEÅ aumif;uifBu;D ESifh tjynf&h dS aeaom yuwd avaotxkBuD; rSm wnfav\/ pMu0VmwdkYESifh txufüvnf; tZ#mumo teEÅaumif;uifBu;D tqH;k r&So d mG ;av\/ vlYjynfrS txuft&yfrsufESmü ,lZemaygif; ckepfuka# wpfoef; &Spfodef; ig;aomif; ajcmufaxmifrQ a0;uGmaom aumif;uif t&yfü b0*fbkH wnf&í dS / xdb k rkH S atmufaumif;uiftjyifBu;D ü ewfbkH tqihfqihf? jA[®mbHk tqihfqihf[laom aumif;uifbHkBuD;ç aumif;uif EkdifiHBuD;wdkYonf tqihfqihfwnf&SdMuukef\/ þMoumoavmuonf tb,frQ umvMumNrpJ mG wnfaeyg oenf;[lrl jrefrmwkdif;tm;jyifh wpfwdkifcGJESihf wmaygif;wpf&mudk wpf*g0kwfac:\/ tvsm;wpf*g0kwf teHwpf*g0kwf tjrihfwpf*g0kwf &S d a om wpf c J e uf a usmuf t wd N yD ; aom awmif B uD ; wpf c k & S d & m\/ xdkawmifBuD;udk tvGefodrfarGUvSpGmaom vJ0g*Grf;jzifh tESpfwpf&mrS wpfcg? tESpfwpf&mrS wpfcg yGwfwdkufonf&Sdaomf yGwfwdkufzefteEÅ trsm;BuD; rsm;vSojzihf xdkausmufawmifBuD;onf ukefav&m\/ þr[myx0Dç jrihrf &kd w f Ykd ,ckwnf&MdS uaom Moumoavmu\ toufonf rukefEdkif&m/ wpfBudrfwnfaxmifNyD;aom r[myx0Dç jrihrf &kd f tp&Sad om Moumoavmuonf þrQavmuf umvjrihpf mG wnf &Sd\/ ysufaomtcgü pMu0Vmaygif; uka#wpfodef; wpfNydKifeuf ysu\ f / pMu0Vmwdu Yk ckd aH om urÇma&jyifBu;D rS txufyxrpsmef jA[®m jynfwikd af tmif tukerf ;D avmif\/ yxrpsmef jA[®mjynfvnf; ygav\/ þum; urÇmwnfcsuf urÇmysufcsuf t>rufpum;wnf;/ r[muyf B uD ; ,cktcg tus,fjyqdktHh/ / uyfonf oH0¥Xm,Duyfç o0d¥uyfç 0d0¥Xm,Duyf[lí av;uyf&Sd\/ xdkav;uyfwdkYwGif ysufqJ onf oH0¥uyf rnf\/ wpfpHkwpfck jzpfay:rIr&Sdao;bJ ysufNyD;twdkif; &Sdaeao;aomumvonf oH0¥Xm,Duyf rnf\/ wnfaxmifqJumv

such. These names and their connotation, therefore, having but a conventional significance, are called modes of conventional expression i.e. terms in common use. What constitutes the achievement or predication of Conventional Truth? "The self is (exists); "the living soul is" ; "a being is"; "the person is"; etc. By adopting such words in common use a man becomes a conventional truth-speaker. And these are to be regarded as a correct mode of stating such truth. Why? Because otherwise constant disputes would result from want of a common language and common notions. This is what is termed "Conventional Truth". (2) Philosophic Truth -This is a fact or truth recognise from the philosophic point of view. What are the modes of philosophic expression? These are "mind", "mental factor", "matter," "Nibba-na," "aggregates", "sense-sphere", "elements", and so on. These are not merely common or collective names, but imply something which really as such (sabha-vato), exists. These are called the modes of "highest", or "ultimate matters", inasmuch as any immport beyond that which they possess is inconceivable. What constitutes the achievement or predication of philosophic truth? "Consciousness exists"; "contact exists"; "feeling exists"; "extended quality exists"; "cohesion exists"; "Nibba-na exists"; and so on. By expressing things as they exist in reality, a man is a Truth-speaker. Such speech is also to be regareded as a correct mode of stating truth. Why? Because it helps us to avoid falling into the errors of recognition, sense-consciousness and illusory opinions. This is what is termed "Philosophic Truth". It should be noted in this connexion that "Conventioanl Truth" provides a safegurad against falsehood, and "Philosophic Truth" guards against hallucination. Thus when a man, from, the conventional point of view, states, "The self, the soul, the being, the person exists", etc, he is not to be considered as uttering falsehoods, whether the import of what he affirms is really true or not, whether

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

onf 0d0¥uyf rnf\/ wnfaxmifNyD;umvonf 0d0¥Xm,Duyf rnf\/ xkdav;uyfvHk;onf ausmufawmifBuD;OyrmESifh trQpDumv &SnfMumMu\/ uyfav;yg;taygif;udk r[muyfBuD;wpfckqdk\/ xdkuyf av;yg;udk tpOftwdkif; jyqdkaytHh/ oH 0 ¥uyf pMum0Vmaygif ; uk a #wpf o d e f ; ta&twG u f & S d M uaom xdkMoumoavmupkonf jzpfcsdefç ysufcsdefusaomtcg tb,f"mwf\ tpGr;f jzihf jzpfay:vmoenf;/ tb,f"mwf\tpGr;f jzihf ysuq f ;kH ygoenf;/ Owkac:aom rD;"mwfBuD;\ tpGrf;jzihfjzpfay:onf/ Owkac:aom rD;"mwfBuD;\ tpGrf;jzihf ysufqHk;onf/ ysufqHk;yHkudk a&S;OD;pGm jyOD;tHh/ ,ck wnf&adS omausmufawmifBu;D Oyrmtwkid ;f ESpt f oacsF ESpt f oacsF aygif; ra&rwGuEf ikd Mf umanmif;vwfaomf urÇmrD;Bu;D avmifí ysuv f wåUH / ysufqHk;yHkum;/ ,ck&Sdaom r[myx0DajrBuD; pMu0Vmawmifç owå&befawmifç jrihrf &kd af wmif tvH;k pHw k o Ykd nf tpOftwdik ;f tdrk eS ;f rod tdkç &ifhrSef;rod&ihfzefrsm;vwfaomf tcGH"mwfrsdK;ç tum"mwfrsdK; tqihf qihfwdkYonf wajz;ajz;ukefcef;MuukefvwåHU/ tESpf"mwfrsdK;wdkYonfom use&f MdS uukev f wåUH / xdt k cg r[myx0Dponfwo Ykd nf qDO;D cJç axmywfcçJ ,rf;qDcJç uefYcJç uefYqDcJwdkYuJhodkY rD;xnfhvQif awmufwJh&ef ajrqDç ajrESpfç ausmufqDç ausmufESpfwdkYom usef&SdMuukefvwåHU/ (xdkYaMumifh qDaxmywfwu Ykd kd avmifaomrD;ESifh Oyrmjyawmfr\ l /) þuJo h Ykd ESpu f mv tvGefMumanmif;ojzihf tdkrif;ç &ihfaqG;&jcif; ponftwdkif; ukefcef;& jcif;trIonf b,folwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ zefqD;&aom trIrsdK;r[kwf? tdkrif;ç &ifhaqG;atmif jyKvkyfolr&SdvQif rtdkifEdkif? r&ihfEdkif[líyifr&Sd/ "r®ed,mr tm;jzihf wpfavmuvHk;odjrifxif&Sm;íaeMuaom "r®wmrI Bu;D aywnf;/ þuJhodkY r[myx0Dç pMum0Vmawmifç owå&befawmifç jrihrf &dk af wmifwYkd tdrk if;ç &ifah qG;jcif;odaYk &mufMuukeaf omtcg urÇmysuf rd;k Bu;D jzpfay:vdv k wfaomf urÇmay:rSm rd;k Bu;D Bu;D pGm wpfBurd &f mG \/ urÇm ysufrdk;BuD;ac:\/ xdkrSaemufü rdk;r&GmNyD/ tESpfwpfodef;cefY&Sdvwfaomf aumi;fuyfü aeAdrmeftrsm;yGm;pD;í vm\/ aeAdrmefckepfckwdkifatmif tpOftm;jzifh wdk;yGm;vm\/ pMu0Vmuka#wpfodef;rSm aeAdrmefaygif; uka#ckepfodef;jzpfvm\/ þodkY jzpfay:vm&müvnf; þrQavmuf BuD;us,fí þrQavmuf Mumanmif;pGmwnf&Sdaom "mwftodkufçttHk wdkYonf todkufttHk BuD;us,fMumanmif;rIESihfyif NyD;pD;Edkifukef\/ aeAdrmefaygif;rsm;pGm urÇmysurf ;D Bu;D jzpfay:vdv k Qif jzpfay:Edik \ f / urÇm ysufa&BuD; jzpfay:Edkif\/ zefqif;oludk &SmBuHzG,fr&Sd? ÓPfrEdkif&SdcJhvQif zefqif;oludk awG;,lwwfMu\/ taemufEdkifiHrsm;pGm &Hcg&Hcg rD;awmifaygufrS rdk;BuD;BuD;pGm &Gmí NrdKU&Gmtrsm; ysufjym;rI? yifv,fa&vTrf;í NrdKU&Gmtrsm; ysufjym; rI avtBuD;BuD;pGmxGufí urÇmysufrD;avmifyHkudk t*kFwådK&fygVdawmfrSm igwdjYk rwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfral om ygVdawmfBu;D &Sad v\/ t*Fw k Kdå &f ygVdawmf 'kwd,tkyf owåedygwf eHygwf (474) rSm Munhfav/ urÇmysuf rD;BuD;avmif&mü pMu0Vmaygif; uka#wpfodef;yg0if\/ atmufü urÇm udkcHaom a&e,fudkcsefvSyfí ,lZemESpfodef;av;aomif; twk&Sdaom yHokaovm r[myx0DajrBuD; pMu0VmawmifBuD; owå&bef awmif&H ckepfxyfwdkYESifhwuG jrihfrdk&fawmifBuD;aygif; uka#wpfodef; ukefav\/ þvlYjynfrS ,lZemaygif; av;odef;ausmfjrihfuGmaom yxrpsmef jA[®m bHBk u;D wdik af tmif urÇmrD;odr;f ,lav\/ xdek ,facwftwGi;f rSm rD;pm[lí tPkjrLrQ rusefr&SdrS rD;cJç rD;awmif tukefuG,fNidrf;av\/ rD;\tcdkuf

it rests upon valid speculation or self. Why? Because, in such acase, there is no fraudulent motive. But it comes within the province of hallucinations. Why? Because in these cases the things that are of the nature of "not self" are taken as of "self" and stated as such. From the philosophical point of view there is nothing of "self". There are only dhammas. And none of these is of the nature of "self". They are, on the contrary, of the nature of "notself", etc. And when a man speaks like this his words show neither falsehood nor hallucination. So we read in the Pa-li texts: "These, Bhikkhus, are the four cases of hallucination. What are the four? The impermanent is taken as permanent." This is the first point involved in hallucinations of recognition, sense-consciousness and illusory opinion. "That which is ill is taken as weal. That which is not-self is taken as self. The ugly and offensive is taken as beautiful and beneficial." These are the remaining three cases of the hallucinations of recognition, sense-consciousness and illusory opinion. Here the expression "The Impermanent" implies the psychical and physical facts and conditions that are summed up in the term "name-and-form", and which are by nature impermanent The expression "that which is ill" implies the facts of common experience that are categorised under the "Truth regarding III." The expression "the not-self" implies all that which is of the nature of "not-self", And the expression "the ugly and offensive" implies the psycho-physical conditions that fall under "the Truth regarding III" and are, therefore a fortiori considered to be "ugly and offensive". By viewing "name and form" in the light of "being", "person", a man takes what is impermanent as permanent. Why? Because "being" or "person" is nothing but a concept. And a concept, as we know, has not the atrribute of passing away or moving about. On the other hand, when it is said that a being, on coming into a form of existence, is himself born, that at the end of life he himself dies, that even before he took on to himself the present form of existence, he had come from this or that form of first existence, and that after death he would be re-born into this or that form of future existence, it shows that the being is viewed as engaged in "going". It is for these reasons that, by viewing "name and form" in the light of "being", "person", a man takes what is impermanent as permanent. By holding dear and agreeable that which is merely a mental and bodily phenomenon liable to the facts of misery, a man takes that which is ill as weal, that which is ugly and offensive as beautiful and beneficial. (To Be Continue)

twHhonf tEkç t&ifhç tvQH[lí oHk;rsdK;&Sd\/ Owk tcdkuftwHh? rD;cJ tcdkuftwHh? rD;awmufrD;vQH tckduftwHh[l oHk;lrsdK;&Sd\[k qdkvdkonf/ xdkoHk;rsdK;wdkYwGif rD;pm0w¬Kü ½dk;½dk;&J&J rpGJrDwnf&Sdaom Owkac:aom rD;rsKd ;aphpo k nf tEkrnf\/ rD;pm0w¬Kü ½d;k ½d;k &J&pJ aJG omrD;cJonf t&ifrh nf \/ awmufíxaom rD;awmufonf tvQHrnf\/ rD;pm[lí rkefnOf; aphrQ t<uif;tusefr&Sdaomtcg rD;cJç rD;vQHwdkYonf t<uif;tusefr&Sd uG,fqHk;ukef\/ Owkac:aom "mwfEkwdkYonfomvQif rD;avmif&m e,f wpfcGifü aumif;uifESihf jynhfusef&Sdav\/ ausmufawmifBuD; OyrmrQ Mumav\/ oH 0 ¥uyf NyD ; \/

EXPOSITION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

pmrsuf E S m 6 rS w&m;[m vlawGusihfoHk;EdkifwJh vufawGUw&m;? a[m Munhf]]rkom0g'daem- rkom;pum;udk qdak vh&w dS yhJ *k Kd¾ vrf mS ?}} xdrk o k m; qdw k m tjzpfreS u f kd zH;k uG,Nf y;D awmh r[kww f mudk a&SUwef;wifNy;D ajymwm? rkomwd tblwH-0w¬K- wu,fhr[kwfwmudk qifNyD;awmhajymwm? taMumif;t&m[m jzpfaewmuwpfrsdK;? ajymwmu wpfrsdK;? rkom r[kwfwJhtaMumif;t&mud?k 0g' wpfzufom;udk ajymjyw,f? odapw,f/ ]]rkom0g'D- r[kwfrrSef ajymqdkavh&SdwJhyk*¾dKvfonf? rkom0g' ypö,m- r[kwfrrSefajymqdk vdrfvnfrIaMumihf? 'd|"r®durÜd b,Ha0&HrsufarSmufumvrSm jzpfay:vmwJh ab;trsdK;rsdK; &eftrsdK;rsdK;udkvnf;? yo0wd- jzpfyGm;apavawmh\/ orÜ&m,duHyd b,H a0&H- wrvGef b0rSm BuHKawGU&r,hf ab;trsdK;rsdK; &eftrsdK;rsdK;udkvnf;? yo0wdjzpfyGm;apavawmh\/ apwoduHyd 'ku©H a'greóH y#doHa0- a'wdpdwfxJrSm jzpfay:vmwJh qif;&Jjcif; 0rf;enf;jcif;udkvnf; cHpm;&\/}} ]]rkom0g'g y#d0d&wó- rkom;pum;udk qkdjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf aom yk*¾dKvfrSm? {0H- þenf;tm;jzihf? wH a0&H wH b,H- xdkajymcJhwJh ab;trsdK;rsdK; &eftrsdK;rsdK;onf? 0lyoEÅH- aysmufNidrf;íoGm;onf? a[mwd - pifppfraoG? £wd - þodkY? b*0g- a&Tbkef;awmfocif &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;onf? ta0gp- aumif;pGmraoG a[mMum;awmfrlcJh ygayownf;/}} ]]ok&mar&,rZÆyrm'|m,D- arhavsmhjcif;\taMumif;jzpf aom rl;,pfaq;0g; t&ufaopm aomufpm;avh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfonf? ol&m-ar&,rZÆyrm'|meypö,m- arhavsmhjcif;\taMumif;jzpfwJh rl;,pfapwwfwJh t&ufaopmaomufpm;jcif;wnf;[laom taMumif; aMumifh? 'd|"r®durÜd b,H a0&H- rsufarSmufb0rSmawGUBuHK&r,hf ab;trsdK;rsdK;? &eftrsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; yo0wd- jzpfyGm;apawmh\/ orÜ&m ,duHyd b,H a0&H- wrvGefb0rSm BuHKawGU&r,hf ab;trsdK;rsdK; &eftrsdK; rsdK;udkvnf;? yo0wd- jzpfyGm;apavawmh\/ apwoduHyd- pdwfüvnf; jzpfaom? 'ku©H a'greóH y#doH a0a'wd- qif;&Jjcif; 0rf;enf;jcif; udkvnf; cHpm;&\/}} 'g txl;ajymp&mrvdkbl;aemf/ aMomf-'DuaeYacwfrSm vli,f vl&G,fawG t&ufaopmaomufpm;vdkY rdbawG b,favmufpdwfqif;&J aeMuvJ? &efukefrSm bkef;BuD;wdkYeJY tifrwef&if;ESD;wJh 'g,umBuD; wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ om;av;a,muf&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dom;av;a,mufxJu om;ESpaf ,mufu t&ufaopmaomufpm;w,f/ b,fxad vmufatmif aomuf v J q d k a wmh touf q H k ; oG m ;onf x d aomuf o G m ;Muw,f /

toufrqHk;cifuvnf; qif;&J'ku©trsdK;rsdK; cHpm;Mu&w,f/ rdbawG rdom;pkawG pdwfqif;&JMu&w,f/ aemufqHk;awmh olwdkYudk,fwdkifyg toufqHk;oGm;&w,faemf/ tJ'g rl;,pfwmawGeJYywfoufNyD;awmh 'Db0rSm 'ku©oku© a&mufMu&wmawGtm;vHk; t&yfxJrSm rjrifcsiftqHk;? rMum;csiftqHk; &Sad eMuwmygaemf? 0w¬KZmwfvrf;awGvnf; jynhaf ewmyJ/ 'kua© &mufMu w,fqdkwm vufawGUtm;jzihf rxif&Sm;bl;vm;/ at;- wdkYrdom;pkxJrSm t&ufaopm aomufpm;wJholr&Sdbl;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;pGJwJhol r&Sdbl;/ xdkrdom;pk rcsrf;ombl;vm;? (csrf;omyg w,fbk&m;) 'g vufawGUyJaemf/ ]]ok & mar&, rZÆ y rm '|mem y#d 0 d & wó- rl ; ,pf a p wwfwJh arhavsmhjcif;udk jzpfapwwfwJh? t&ufaopm aomufpm;rl;,pf jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfwJhyk*¾dKvfrSm? {0H- þodkYqdkcJhNyD;wJh? wH a0&H wH b,Hxdu k o hJ Ykd ab;trsKd ;rsKd ; &eftrsKd ;rsKd ;onf? 0lyoEÅH- aysmufNird ;f íoGm;onf? a[mwd- pifppfraoG jzpfygayawmh\/}} tm;vHk;jyefaygif;MunhfvkdufvdkY&Sd&if - olrsm;toufudkowf&if ab;trsdK;rsdK; &eftrsdK;rsdK; BuHK& w,f/ rowfbJ a&SmifMuOf&if ab;&efNidrf;w,f/ - olrsm;Opömudk rw&m;ojzihf ,lv&Ykd &dS if ab;&efBuKH wwfw,f/ a&SmifMuOfvdkufvdkY&Sd&if ab;&efuif;Nidrf;w,f/ - umr*kPfü tarSmufarSmuftrSm;rSm;jyK&if ab;&efBuHKwwf w,f/ a&SmifMuOf&if ab;&efNidrf;w,f/ - vdrfvnfvSnhfpm; ajymMum;vdkY&Sd&if ab;&efBuHKwwfw,f/ vdrv f nfvn S pfh m;ajymMum;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfvu dk v f &Ykd &dS if ab;&efNird ;f w,f/ - rl;,pfaopm aomufpm;vdkY&Sd&if ab;&eftrsdK;rsdK;BuHKwwf w,f/ a&SmifMuOfvdkufvdkY&Sd&if ab;&efawGNidrf;oGm;w,f/ aygif;vku d w f t hJ cgusawmh a[m'D ab;ig;rsKd ; &efig;rsKd ; Nird ;f ap &r,fw/hJ 'g jrwfpmG bk&m;u a[mwm? vlb Y 0 a&mufvmvd&Yk &dS if a[m'D ab;ig;rdsK; &efig;rsdK; t&ifNidrf;atmifvkyfygwJh/ uJ ab;ig;rsdK; &efig;rsdK; Nidrf;oGm;wmeJYwpfNydKifeuf vlYavmurSm vlawmfvlaumif;vdkY rac:Mu bl;vm;/ ac:Muw,f/ at; 'Dtcsuf ig;rsdK;&SdwmeJY ab;&efuif;uGmwJh vlawmfvl aumif;? udk,fusihfw&m; aumif;wJhyk*¾dKvf? 'Dtqihfudk yxr&atmif,l? NyD;wJhtcgMuawmh udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;wJh yk*¾dKvftjzpfuae wpfqihf wk;d ? &wemoH;k yg;ESihf bmomw&m;udik ;f ½diI ;f wJh yk*Kd¾ vt f qihaf &mufatmif (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) vkyf&rSm/

pmrsuf E S m 19 rS qdkxm;ygw,f/ tJ'DuAsmudk avhvmMunhfyg/ umrok c ? a&S m if & rnf o m ud k , f u d k n § i f ; qJ ? a&S m if N rJ w jzm tpG e f ; ES p f z uf ? y,f v suf a ocsm vrf ; rS e f a vQmuf ? ÓPf a yguf e d A Á m ef y g/ / 'D"r®uAsmxJu ]]ÓPfayguf= ÓPftjrifayguf}} qdw k hJ pum; jzihf ]]pu©Ku&PD? ÓPu&PD}} t& ynmrsufpdjzihf todÓPfjzpfyHkudk wdkuf½dkufjyqdkygw,f/ tJ'Ó D Pftjrifjzpfay:vm&if udavomNird ;f wm? txl;odwm? xdk;xGif;odwmawGvJ yg0ifoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'DudavomNidrf;wm? txl;odwm? xd;k xGi;f odwmawGukd ]]ÓPfayguf= ÓPftjrifayguf}} qdNk y;D

pDuHk;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'DrZÑdry#dy'gac:wJh tv,fvrf;tusihfjzihf &EdkifwJhtusdK; tmedoifawGuawmh jynhfpHkoGm;ygNyD/ tJ'gawG[m oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS xGufajrmufvdkMuwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf wu,ftvdk&SdtyfwJhtusdK;awG jzpfaMumif; wifjyylaZmftyfygw,f/ (opömav;yg;ü ÓPf 12 yg; jzpfyHkrsm;udk qufvufwifjyygr,f/) rauG;wdkif; pavNrdKUrif;acgifausmif; *P0gpuq&mawmf t&SifZm*&\ 0dyóemaMu;rHkusrf;udk rSD;íylaZmfygonf/) "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyK wuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

tjynfjynfqkdif&max&0g'Ak'ömoemjyKwuúodkvfygarmu©csKyf q&mawmf a'gufwmb'ÉÅeE´rmvmbd0Ho (Ph.D)\ txl;w&m;yGJrsm; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ BuD;rm;aom r[mu½kPmawmfjzihf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom w&m;awmfrsm;udk aus;Zl;awmf&Sif tjynfjynf qdkif&max&0g'Ak'ömoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf? t*¾r[my@dw t*¾r[m*E¦0gpu y@dw? o-p-t-"r®mp&d,? ygVdyg&*lq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;a'gufwmb'ÉÅeE´rmvmbd0Ho (Ph.D)rS? ZrÁLoD&dAdrmefawmf (e,fpyfESihfawmifwef;a'o omoemEk*¾[toif;? omoemjyKoifwef; ausmif;? tjynfjynfqkdif&max&0g'Ak'ökawoe"r®obifaqmif)wGif (30)nwdkifwdkif? npOf 7 em&DcGJtcsdefwdkif;ü w&m;a&at;wdkufauR;rnf jzpfygojzihf "r®rdwfaqGtaygif;wdkYtm; w&m;todwdk;ap&ef &nf&G,fí w&m;awmfem<ua&mufawmfrlMuyg&ef? arwåma&SUxm; ½dkaoav;pm;pGm zdwfMum;tyfygonf/ w&m;yG J rçwnf t vS L &S i f ygarmu©csKyfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a'gufwm eE´rmvmbd0Hotm; OD;xdyfxm;vsuf bdk;bGm;rdbrsm;ESihf OD;wifpdk;wdkYtm; &nfpl;í a':vScifrdom;pk? udkausmfoif;aq;qdkif r*Fvmaps;rS ylaZmfygonf/ usi;f yrnft h csed f npOf(7;30)/ usi;f yrnfah e&m ]]ZrÁLoD&Ad rd mefawmf}} (e,fpyfEiS afh wmifwef;a'o omoemEk*[ ¾ toif;omoemjyKoifwef; ausmif; tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g'Ak'ökawoe"r®obif)/ 8-6-2010 (t*FgaeY)

rS 10-6-2010 (Mumoyaw;aeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? e,kefvjynhfausmf (12)&uf

rS (14)&ufaeYtxd

13-6-2010 (we*FaEGaeY)

rS 15-6-2010 (t*FgaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? yxr0gqdkvqef; (2) &uf

rS (4) &ufaeYxd/

18-6-2010 (aomMumaeY) rS 20-6-2010 (we*FaEGaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? yxr0gqdkvqef; (7) &ufrS

rS (9) &ufaeYxd/

23-6-2010 (Ak'¨[l;aeY)

rS 25-6-2010 (aomMumaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? yxr0gqdkvqef; (12) &uf

rS (14)&ufaeYxd/

28-6-2010 (wevFmaeY)

rS 30-6-2010 (Ak'¨[l;aeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf (2)&uf

rS (4)&ufaeYxd/

3-7-2010 (paeaeY)

rS 5-7-2010 (wevFmaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? yxr0gqdkvjynhfausmf (7)&uf

rS (9)&ufaeYxd/

8-7-2010 (Mumoyaw;aeY) rS 10-7-2010 (paeaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? yxr0gqdkvjynhfausmf (12)&uf

rS (14)&ufaeYxd/

13-7-2010(t*FgaeY)

rS 15-7-2010(Mumoyaw;aeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? 'kwd,0gqdkvqef; (2)&uf

rS (4)&ufaeYxd/

18-7-2010 (we*FaEGaeY)

rS 20-7-2010 (t*FgaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? 'kwd,0gqdkvqef; (7)&uf

rS (9)&ufaeYxd/

23-7-2010(aomMumaeY)

rS 25-7-2010 (we*FaEGaeY)xd?

(1372)ckESpf? 'kwd,0gqkdvqef; (12)&uf

rS (14)&ufaeYxd/

pmrsuf E S m 16 rS tewåudk twå[kxif&avatmif zefqif; avawmh \ / trS e f t m;jzif h wPS m onf ork',opömtaejzifh avmuBuD; ysufokOf; roGm;&avatmif apmifha&Smuf\/ avmu ork',taejzifh wPSmonf olYwm0efudk ol ausyGefpGmaqmif&Gufyg\/ od k Y & mwG i f wPS m onf ol Y ü qefu Y sib f uf&\ Sd / wPSm\qefu Y sib f uf um; wPS m rS x G u f a jrmuf j cif ; ed A Á m ef j zpf \ / wPSm\e,ferd w d o f nf us,0f ef;yg\/ edAmÁ ef\ e,f e d r d w f u m; xd k Y x uf y d k í us,f 0ef;\/ wPS m \ tNcH t &H t 0d Z Æ m onf v nf ; ol ü qef Y u sif b uf & d S \ / t0d Z Æ m \ qef Y u sif bufum; 0dZmÆ jzpf\/ t0dZmÆ \e,ferd w d f vnf; us,0f ef;yg\/ od&Yk mwGif 0dZmÆ \ e,ferd w d u f m; xd k x uf y d k í us,f 0 ef ; av\/ t0d Z Æ m ES i f h

wPSmonf avmuüom tkypf ;kd Edik af omfvnf; 0dZÆmESifh edAÁmefum; avmu oHk;yg;vHk;\ csKyf&m taMumif ; tusKd ; taejzif h avmuD E S i f h avmukw&å mESprf sK;d vH;k ü tkypf ;kd Ekid \ f / xdaYk Mumifh wpfckaomtcsdefwGif t0dZÆmu 0dZÆmudk tNyD; owft½H;I ay; Ny;D wPSmu edAmÁ efukd tNy;D owf t½H;I ay;&av\/ þenf;tm;jzifh avmuonf avmukwå&mü tNyD;owfcsKyfNidrf;&\/ xdk tcsdef xdkumv xdkor,onf&dSyg\/ xdktcsdef xdkumv xdkor, onf ol Y t vd k t avsmuf a&muf v monf a wmh r[kwfyg/ yg&rDtavsmuf BudK;pm; jcif;jzifhom a&mufvmjcif;jzpf\/ BudK;pm;enf;onf ax& 0g'Ak'¨ yd#uwfawmfü &dS\/ ,if;enf;udk tusO;f tm;jzifh qk&d vQif yxr ud, k u f sifh odum© jzLpifatmif BudK;pm;&\/ xdkYaemuf pdwfxm; jzLpifatmif BudK;pm;&\/ xdkYaemuf y&rwf

jrifatmif BudK;pm;&\/ pdwfxm;jzLpifaom tcg tvif;a&mifa&m ÓPfrsufpdyg ay:vm NyD; y&rwfudk jrifvmEdkif\/ xdkYaemuf y&rwf wdkY\ jzpfysufudk jrifNyD; jzpfysufü NiD;aiGUum jzpfysufwdkY\ qHk;&m edAÁmefudk rsufarSmuf jyKavawmh\/ þenf;tm;jzifhork',opömonf eda&m"opömü ed*Hk;csKyf&yg\/ twkta,mif okconf tppftrSefokcü Zmwfodrf;&av\/ odkY&mwGif þZmwfodrf;jcif;um; aumif;aom Zmwford ;f jcif;? vdv k m;tyf aom Zmwford ;f jcif;? csD;rGrf;tyfaom Zmwfodrf;jcif;? avmuudk tppf t rS e f c sD ; ajr§ m uf a om Zmwf o d r f ; jcif ; jzpfyg\/ ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;taejzifh vlwdkif; awmihfwaom Zmwfodrf;jcif;um; þZmwfodrf;jcif; rsKd;omwnf;/ OD;a&Tatmif

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

ae0ifcsdefeD;NyD? b,fvrf;u jyefrvJ vlat; (wrmajr)

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&m*? a'go? arm[ruif;rIwdkYaMumifh jzpf&m tukokdvfvkdYqkd&ygr,f/ 'DvkdawG;NyD; aMumufolrsm;twGuf ajymcsifygw,f/ tckvuf&Sd&aewJhb0ua&m bmaMumih&f wmvJqw dk ahJ r;cGe;f ukyd g/ aemifb0 qkdwmukd aMumufwwfolrsm;twGuf ar;csif ygw,f/ bmawGjyifqifxm;Ny;D Nyv D v J ?Ykd ajzMunhf yg/ aemifb0qkdwmukd ,kHvnf;,kHw,f? jyifvnf;jyifqifxm;w,fqkdwJholawGtwGuf xyfrajymvkdyg/ ,kHawmh,kHygw,f? bm&,fvkdY rod o l a wG t wG u f OyrmtaeeJ Y a jym&&if oHo&mc&D;ukd &xm;BuD;wpfpD;vdkajym&&if BuKH & meJ Y v k d u f r ,f v k d Y BuH p nf x m;ol r sm;uk d t*FkwåKd&frSm bk&m;ukd,fawmfwkdifa[mxm;wJh taMumif;t&mav;ukd ajymjycsifygw,f/ 1/ tckvuf&Sd&aewJh b0twGuf a&m aemifb0rsm;twGufyg jzpfcsif&mjzpf qkdwJholawGu rsufpdESpfbufvkH;uef;aeoleJY wlw,fvdkY qkdygw,f/ 2/ 'Dwpfb0pmtwGufyJMunhfNyD; aemifoHo&m aemifb0twGuf *½krpdkufwJhol awGu rsufpdwpfbufuef;oleJYwlygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm txl;qkdcsifwmu 'Db0 twGuf rMunhf&awmhbl;vm;qkdwJh ar;cGef;ukd ajz&if;ajymcsiw f mu *½kpu dk &f rSmyg/ rSeu f efwhJ enf;? rSefuefwJhvrf;aMumif;eJYawmh jzpfzkdYvkdyg w,f/ 3/ 'Db0twGufvnf; *½kpkdufw,f (pD;yGm;a&;rSmvnf; or®mtmZD0eJY aygif;oif; qufqaH &;qkv d nf; w&m;ojzihaf yhg) aemifb0 rsm;twGufvnf; *½kpkdufolrsm;ukdawmh rsufpd ESpb f uf&o dS el w YJ yl gw,fvYkd bk&m;ud, k af wmfwidk f a[mawmfrlcJhygw,f/ vlrIa&;udpörSmyJjzpfjzpf pD;yGm;a&; udpörSmyJjzpfjzpf ckb0twGufa&m aemifb0

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iSmrpGrf;EkdifbJ rdef;armvsuf wpfcPrQavmuf vGefapNyD;aomf]]tarmifwYkd toifwo Ykd nf tb,fukd ajymMum;ukefoenf;}} [k xyfrHar;onf/ ]]t&S i f r if ; jrwf jrwf p G m bk & m; jzpfxGef; ay:aygufaeaMumif;ajymygonf}} rif;BuD;onf a&S;enf;wl rdef;arm&m oH;k Burd v f eG f av;Burd af jrmufusrS owdw&m;udk xde;f Ekid Nf y;D ]]toifwYkd igYtm; bk&m;jzpfay:xGe;f aMumif;owif;pum;udk igYtm;ajymMum;Muay \? xdkYaMumihf toifwdkYtm; tojymwpfodef; igylaZmfyg\? tjcm;aom owif;&Sdygao; oavm}} [k qufar;onf/ ]]w&m; &wemvnf;jzpfay:aeNy;D jzpf ygonf}} rif;Bu;D onf xdpk um;udMk um;vQif Ak'¨ Mum;onfhenf;wl oHk;Budrfwdkifwdkif rdef;armae avonf/ av;Burd af jrmufrS owd&Ny;D Ak'e¨ nf; wl þowif;udk ay;í qkaiGtojymwpfodef; xyfrHylaZmfjyefNyD; tjcm;owif;&Sdr&Sd qufar; onf/ ukefonfwdkYu oHCm&wemvnf; ay:xGef;aeNyDjzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;aom tcg a&S;enf;wl oH;k Burd af wGa0rde;f armoGm;Ny;D av;BudrfajrmufwGif owd&NyD; xdkoHCm&wem ay;onfhtwGuf tojymwpfodef; xyfrHylaZmf jyefonf/ xd k Y a emuf rif ; BuD ; onf rd r d \ tNcHt&HtrwfwpfaxmifwdkYudkMunhfí ]]tarmifwdkY ,cktcgü todkYjyKukef vwHhenf;}} [kar;onf/ ]t&S i f r if ; BuD ; rnf o d k Y j yKvk y f v k d y g oenf;} ]tarmif w d k Y igonf u m; bk & m;? w&m;? oHCm&wemjzpfay:onf[k Mum;aom tcsdefrSpí eef;awmfodkY jyefqkwfepfoGm;&ef wpfBudrfrQ rBuHatmufarhawmhacs/ jrwfpGm bk&m;udk &nfñeT ;f atmufarhí oGm;a&muf um xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;xHü &[ef;jyKawmhtHh} ]]t&Sifrif;BuD; uREfkyfwdkYonf t&Sif

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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rif;BuD;ESihftwl&[ef;jyKMuygukeftHh}} xdo k t Ykd rwfw\ Ykd oabmwlncD suu f kd &aomtcg rif;BuD;onf a&Tjym;ü tu©&mpm udk a&;NyD;vQif ]]toifuek o f nfwYkd oifwt Ykd m; ig\ rdzk&m; taemZma'0Donf tojymaiGoHk;odef; udk ay;vwHh? rif;BuD;onf t&SifrwdkYtm; tpdk; &aomrif;pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk pGefYvTwftyf\/ t&SifrwdkYonf tvdk&Sdawmfrlwdkif;om pnf;pdfrf csrf ; omud k c H p m;yg} [l a omtjcif ; t&mud k avQmufxm;ay;yg? tu,fí rif;BuD;onf tb,fodkYoGm;aeoenf;[kar;aomf jrwfpGm bk & m;ud k &nf r S e f ; í &[ef ; jyKtH h a omiS m oG m ;onf u d k a vQmuf M um;vk d u f y gavmh } [k owif;pum;udyk g avQmufxm;ay;&efrmS Mum;Ny;D rdzk&m;BuD; taemZma'0DxHodkY apvTwfonf/ trwftoD;oD;wdu Yk vnf; r,m;cifyeG ;f toD;oD; xHodkY trSmpum;rSmMum;ay;vdkufavonf/ xd k Y a emuf r if ; BuD ; onf trwf wpfaxmifNcH&Hvsuf jrif;pD;um jrwfpGmbk&m; &Sd&m aZw0efausmif;odkY qufvufxGufcGmcJh avonf/ r[muydÜerif;BuD;ESihf taemZma'0D tNcHt&H trwf? trwfuawmfwdkYonfum; xl;jcm;aom ukodkvf bkef;uHyg&rD&Sifrsm; jzpfcJh Muolrsm;jzpfygonf/ olw\ Ykd twdwb f 0 yg&rD onfum; þb'´urÇmrS a&S;uyfwpfoed ;f umv ü y'k r k w å & bk & m;&S i f yG i h f a wmf r l c J h o nf / xd k b k & m;&S i f x H ü r[muyd Ü e rif ; BuD ; onf aumif;rIjyKNyD; qkawmif;yw¬emrI&SdcJhonf/ xdkrSoHo&mvnfaomf Am&mPoD jynf r S reD ; ra0;aom &uf u ef ; onf & G m ü &ufuef;onftBuD;trSL;jzpfíaeonf/ xdt k csed 0f ,f [dr0EÅmü t&Siyf apöu Ak'¨g (1000)wdkYonf oDwif;oHk;aeMuonf/ rdk;av;vodkYa&mufaomf NrdKU&Gm Zeyk'fponfwdkY ü aejcif;udkjyKMuonf/ wpfaeYwGif xdkyapöu Ak'g¨ wdo Yk nf Am&mPoDjynfteD; c&D;ra0;aom t&yfü aumif;uifxufrS oufqif;NyD;aomf ausmif;udk aqmufvyk af y;jcif;iSm vuftrIwwf ajymolwdkYudk awmif;cHacsukefavmh} [k jynhf&Sif rif;BuD;xHodkY yapöuAk'¨g wpfyg;udk apvTwf onf/ xd k t csd e f ü jynh f & S i f r if ; BuD ; um; v,f x G e f r *F v myG J qif , if u sif ; yaeaom tcsdefjzpfonf/ rif;BuD;onf yapöu Ak'¨gwdkY <uvmawmf r l o wJ h [ k M um;od & í xd k c Pü <uvmawmfrlNyD;vQif

]]tb,ftaMumif;jzihf <uvmawmf rlygoenf;}} [k avQmufxm;ar;jref;onf/ t&SifyapöuAk'¨gwdkYuvnf; ausmif;aqmifjyKvkyf&ef vufrItvkyform;vdk aMumif; rdefYMum;onf/ ]]t&Sifbk&m; 'umawmftm; ,aeY tzd k Y tcsd e f r &yg? ewf j zef c g 'umawmf u v,fxGefr*FvmyGJ jyKvkyfrnfqJqJjzpfaeyg onf/ oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeYrSmrlum; 'um awmfjyKvkyfygtHh}} [k avQmufxm;írif;BuD; onf yapöuAk'¨gwdkYudk ryihfzdwfbJomvQif eef;tdrfwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;avonf/ yapöuAk'¨gwdkYonf t&yfwpfyg;odkY oGm;ukeftHh [k zJ<uMuukefonf/ xdktcsdefcP rSmyif &ufuef;onf tBu;D trSL;\ r,m;onf wpfpHkwpfckaom jyKzG,fudpöjzihf Am&mPoDodkY oGm;a&mufonf&Sdaomf xdkyapöuAk'¨gwdkYudk awGUjrifí Munfvifaom o'¨gw&m;wdkYjzihf &Sdcdk;MuNyD;aomf ]]t&S i f b k & m;wd k Y o nf tcsd e f t cg r[kwfonfü tb,frS <uvmawmfrlMuyg oenf;}} [k qD;BudKar;avQmufonf/ xd k t cg t&S i f y apö u Ak ' ¨ g wd k Y u taMumif;pHkudk jyefvnfrdefYMum;ajymqdkMuonf &Sdaomf &ufuef;onfBuD;\ r,m;onf o'¨g w&m;ESihf jynhfpHkoljzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY eHeufjzef t½kPf wuftcg wynhaf wmfr\ qGr;f udck , H al y;awmf rlMuygbk&m;}} [kavQmufxm;yihfzdwfavonf/ ]]ESr igwdkYonf tvGefyifrsm;ukef\}} ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY tb,frQavmuf &Syd gukeo f enf;}} ]]ESr wpfaxmifavmufrQ &Syd guke\ f }} ]]t&S i f b k & m; wynh f a wmf r wd k Y \ ae&mjzpfaom &GmüwpfaxmifavmufrQaom &ufuef;onfwdkY aexdkifMuygukef\/ wpfOD; wpfOD;aomolonf wpfyg;wpfyg;aom t&Sif wdt Yk m; Munfvifaom o'¨gw&m;jzihaf umif;rGef pG m qG r f ; ud k v S L 'gef ; ygvwH h ? wynh f a wmf r zdwfMum;aom qGrf;udkonf;cHawmfrlygavmh? wynfah wmfronfyif t&Sib f &k m;wdYk oDwif;oH;k ae&mjzpfaom ausmif;ae&mudk jyKygtHh}} [kavQmufxm;aomtcg t&Sifyapö u Ak'¨gwdkYonf onf;cHawmfrlonf/ xdk'g,dumronf &GmodkYjyefa&muf aomf &G m ol ? &G m om;rsm;ud k zd w f a c:í xdktaMumif;pHkudkajymjyNyD; ausmif;udkvnf; aumif;? ,m*kudkvnf;aumif; toD;oD; pDrH

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

o'¨gw&m;ESihf oHCmawmf t&S i f p m&d E ´ (csif ; wG i f ; iayv)

acwf [ l a om ypö K yÜ e f u mvES i f h obm0ajymif;vJrI? vlaerIajymif;vJrI? ½kyf0w¦K ajymif;vJwkd;wufrIwdkYukd tajccHavoavm? vlw\ Ykd bmoma&;tajccHenf;yg;vmrIaMumihf o'¨gw&m; qkwf,kwfvmavoavm? odaomf vnf ; vuf a wG Y u sih f B uH r I e nf ; avoavm? rnfonhftaMumif;aMumihf[k rqkdomaomf vnf; tcsKdUaomAk'¨bmom trsKd;aumif;om; trsKd;aumif;orD;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY ukd;uG,fqnf; uyf a om oH C mawmf w d k Y t ay:ü Munf n Kd av;pm;wwf r I e nf ; yg;aeonf u k d u m; rMumcPae&mwkdif;vkdvkd awGUjrifae&av onf / xk d o k d Y j zpf & jcif ; ü acwf ponf w d k Y ajymif;vJvmrIwkdYukd rñTefjyEkdifaomfvnf; rd r d w d k Y u k d ; uG , f & m &wemok H ; yg;tay:ü txl;ojzihf oHCmawmfwdkYtay:ü MunfnKd av;pm;Mu&mwGif o'¨gw&m;onf t"du y"ge yg0ifaerIukdum; "r®'gejyKa&;om;vkduf&ay onf/ þae&mü &wemokH;yg;ukd MunfnKd wwfrIo'¨gw&m;ukd ]]or®mpdwåH eda"wd {wm ,mwd o'¨g}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]o,Ho'´[ wDwdo'¨g}} [lívnf;aumif; 0dN*dK[fjyKzGifhqkd Muav\/ ]]&wemok;H yg;tay:ü pdwu f adk umif; rGepf mG xm;jcif;? uk, d w f idk , f MHk unfjcif;ukd o'¨g[k ac:\}}/ ax&0g'Ak'o ¨ moemawmfjrwfü o'¨g w&m;uomvQif t"d u y"gejzpf \ / o'¨gw&m;r&Sv d Qif &wemok;H yg;ukd r,kMH unfEidk ?f o'¨ g w&m; &S d r S o m &wemok H ; yg;tay:ü ,k H M unf j cif ; ? av;pm;Munf n Kd j cif ; wd k Y jzpfay:Ekid af vonf/ avmuü o'¨gw&m;onf &wemokH;yg;tay: MunfnKdwwf½kHavmuf omrubJ rdrdwdkY\ r*fav;yg; zkdvfav;yg; uk d & í oH o &mrS xG u f a jrmuf & onf t xd

ta&;BuD;aomtcef;u@rS t"du yg0ifae avawmh\/ xkdYaMumihf]]o'¨gZmawm OyouFrwd OyouF raEÅm y,d½kygowd y,d½kygoaEÅm aomwH Mo'[wd Mo[d w aomawm "r® H o k P mwd okwGm"r®H "ga&wd "mwmeH"r®meH ynm,tw¦H Oyy&du©wd tw¦HOy&du©awm "r®edZÆmeH crEÅd "r®medZÆmecEÅd,m qaE´mZm,wd qE´Zmawm Oó[wd Oó[dwGm wkavwd wkv,dwGm y'[wd y[dwawåm uma,eap0 y&rw¦opöH opädua&mwd ynmp eH y#d0dZÑyówDwd}}/ (r-2 ESm-145? 385) ]]MouyÜed,o'¨gjzihf o'¨gjcif;&Sdaom olonf q&m(oHCmawmf)wk\ Yd teD;okYd oGm;\? q&m\teD;okdYoGm;NyD;aomolonf q&m\ txHüae\? q&mwkdY\txHüaeNyD; aomol onf em;axmif \ ? axmif t yf a om em;&Sdaomolonf (0g) em;axmifaomolonf q&m(oHCmawmfw)Ykd a[maomw&m;udk em\? Mum;emNyD;í w&m;udkaumif;pGmjyKí rSwftyf uk e f a omw&m;wd k Y \ (0g) wk d Y u k d ynmjzih f (teuf t "d y Ü g ,f u k d ) pl ; prf ; qif j cif \ ? teuf(t"dyÜg,f)ukd pl;prf; qifjcifaomyk*¾Kdvf tm; w&m;wdo Yk nf ½Ijcif;ukcd efu Y ek \ f ? w&m;ukd ½Ijcif;iSmcefYojzihf (0g) ½Ijcif;iSmcefYaomw&m; jzihf ukovpäEónf (0g) ukokdvfqEónfjzpf \? jrwfaomukovpäE´&Sdaom yk*¾Kdvfonf tm;xk w f \ ? tm;xk w f í ted p ö 'k u © tp&Sdaomtm;jzihf EIdif;,SOf\/ EIdif;,SOfNyD;í vHkYvjzifh edAÁmefodkYapvTwftyfaom pdwf&Sdaom ol o nf emrum,jzif h v nf ; ed A Á m ef wnf ; [l a om opö m ud k rsuf a rS m uf j yKí emrum,ESi, hf OS af om r*fynmjzifh xdek Ad mÁ efukd xd;k xGi;f od\}} [k jrwfpmG bk&m;onf o'¨gw&m; onf o mvQif tptOD ; t"d u y"geusyH k u d k a[mawmfrl\/ avmuüudavomwdrYk S uRwv f w T rf I ½kyfemrfcE¨mwdkY\csKyfNidrf;rI r[moEÅdokcedAÁmef odkYvnf; xkdtm;BuD;aom o'¨gtrSDo[Jjzihfom a&muf&SdEkdifav\/ xkdYaMumihf jrwfAk'önf o'ÖH yedóm, 'geHa'wd? y? 0dyóeHOyÜga'wd?

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ rSwfom;aewm? 'um 'umrawG bkef;BuD;ay; wJw h &m;ukd em,laewm? rSwo f m;oif,al ewm y&d , wd å o moemac:w,f / tJ ' D y &d , wå d omoemhusihfpOf? y&d,wådomoemhenf;rSef vrf ; rS e f ñ T e f j yaewJ h enf ; vrf ; aumif ; BuD ; aysmufroGm;rS olYtwkdif;odNyD; vkdufemusihfokH; rIBuD;? tm;xkwfrIBuD;qkdwJh y#dywådomoem wnf&dSrSm? tJ'Dy#dywådomoemqkdwJh usihfBuH tm;xkwfrIBuD; &SdawmhrS r*fÓPfzkdvfÓPfeJY edAÁmefukd xkd;xGif;odjrifrIBuD; ay:vmr,f/ y&d,wådqkdwJh pmoifpmcs oHCm awmf r sm;uk d vS L 'gef ; yl a Zmf ul n D a xmuf y H h jcif ; jzih f omoemawmf ok H ; &yf v k H ; uk d tm;ay;aumfa&mf vSL'gef; ylaZmf&ma&muf w,f / uef a bmif ½ k d ; BuD ; ck d i f o xuf c k d i f atmif ? xl o xuf x l a tmif xyf a y;jcif ; jzihf twGif;ua&awG wjcm;pDroGm;atmif aqmif & G u f & m a&muf w ,f / MumrsKd ; ig;yg; ukdvnf; yGihfvmatmif pnfum;vmatmif jyKvk y f & ma&muf w ,f / uef a bmif B uD ; u y&d , wå d omoem? twG i f ; rS a &awG u y#d y wå d omoem? MumrsKd ; ig;yg;u y#d a 0"omoemeJ Y wl M uygw,f } } [l í zGifhqkdxm;ygonf/ opfyifBuD;xm0&&SifoefNyD; tukdif;ç tcufç tvufrsm; xGufay:í zl;yGifh toD; a0qmaeap&ef a&aomufjrpftm; a&ESihf ajrMoZmay;&auR;&ovkd? omoemokH;&yf\ t&if;tjrpf y&d,wåd omoem xGe;f vif;aeap &ef taxmuftyHrh sm; xm0&tjynht f 0 vdt k yf vdaYk eayonf/ y&d,wåo d nf oifMum;ykcYd s? pnf;urf; owfrSwfay;aom vrf;jyjcif;jzpfNyD; y#dywåd onf vrf;jyonhftwkdif; avQmufvSrf;&aom usih f B uH t m;xk w f j cif ; jzpf u m y#d a 0"onf rsufarSmufjyKjcif;? yef;wkdifokdYa&muf&Sdjcif; (oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufjcif;) jzpfygonf/ xk d Y a Mumih f yxrr[m*E¨ m ½k H q &m awmfBuD; t&SifZeumbd0Ho a&;om;awmfrl aom tem*wfomoema&; usrf;pmtkyfwGif ]]omoemwnfNraJ tmif? jyefyY mG ;atmif? oef&Y iS ;f atmif v k y f z k d Y q k d w m? y&d , wå d o moemES i h f y&d,wådudk tajccHaom vrf;rSefonhf y#dywåd omoemuom omoemukd t&SnfwnfNrJ atmif vkyfEkdifrSmjzpfw,f/ omoemwnfzdkY qkdwm trsm;em;vnfEkdifaom y&d,wådpmay rsm; jyefYyGm;jcif;? rSefuefaomw&m;awmfrsm;ukd avhvmEkdifcGifh&jcif;? usihfokH;aejcif;onfom

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ aysmufoGm;NyD;aemuf cE¨mtpOfü apwemwdkY \ t&Sdeft0grsm; rjywfvdkufaejcif;udk (odkY) cE¨m tpOfwiG f ude;f atmif;aeonhf uHprG ;f tif owåd udk ]]ur®or*Ðwm}} [k ac:onf/ Oy|meor*Ð w mm= aemuf b 0 3/Oy|meor*Ð tusdK;ay;zdkY&ef aocgeD;umv uH? ur®edrdwf? *wderd w d t f m½Hrk sm; xifaejcif;udk ]Oy|me or*Ð wm}} [k ac:onf/ m a&S ; b0 4/ 0d y guor*Ð w m= aocgeD; tm½Hkudk trSDjyKí xifvmcJhaom tm½Hkedrdwfudk taMumif;jyKvsuf b0opf\ y#doaE¨ 0dnmPf pdwf apwodufrsm; jzpfyGm; vmjcif;udk ]]0dygu or*Ðwm}} [k ac:onf/ uH (4) rsdK; (4) vDq jrwfA'k o ¨ nf uHtrsKd ;rsKd ; tusKd ;ay;yHk tvDvw D u Ykd kd oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmfjzihf a0zef ydik ;f jcm;í a[mMum;awmfrcl o hJ nf/ rdrw d o Ykd nf wpf c P wpf b 0wmü jyKvk y f c J h o nh f uHtenf; tusO;f rQuMkd unhNf y;D uHtusKd ;ay;yHu k kd wkdif;wm qHk;jzwfí trSefudk odEdkifrnfr[kwf/ b0oHo&mrsm;pGmu jyKvyk v f mcJMh u Ny;D cE¨mtpOfwiG f vku d yf gvmMuonhf uHrsm;u tcgtcG i f h o ih f a omb0 tcsd e f u mvwG i f tusdK; trsdK;rsdK; ay;wwfyHkwdkYudk tjynfhtpHk od & S d r S o m vQif uH u d k em;vnf o l [ k qdkEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ usrf;*efwdkYwGif uHav;rsdK;av;vD wdkYudk atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;Muonf/ ö r®pwku=ú udpt 1/ udpu ö pGr;f tm; jzihf uH (4) yg;/ 2/ ygu'gey&d,m,pwku=ú tusKd ; ay; tvSnhftBudrft& uH (4) yg;/ 3/ yguumvur®pwkuú= tusdK; ay &m tcsdefumvt& uH (4) yg;? 4/ yguXmeur®pwkuú= tusdK;ay; &m bHXk metm;jzihf uH (4) yg;tm;jzihf av;rsKd ;pD av;yg;tjym;&SdMuonf/ (1) ud p ö t pG r f ; tm;jzih f uH ( 4)yg;wd k Y o nf 1/ jzpfapwwfaom ]]ZeuuH}} 2/ ulnDaxmufyHhay;wwfonhf ]]Oyw¬rÇu uH } }}? 3/ uyfí ESdyfpufwwfaom ]]OyyDVuuH}} 4/ uyfí jzwfwwfaom ]]OyCmwuuH}} wdkYyif jzpfMuonf/ (2) tusdK;ay;&mtvSnfhtm;jzihf uH(4)yg; wd k Y o nf u m; 1/ BuD;av;aom ]]*½kuH?}} 2/ aocg eD;umvü atmufarhtyfonhf ]]tmoEé u H } }?

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tmoEéurH sm;yifjzpfMuonf/ xdaYk Mumifh aocg eD; vlrrmwdkYtm; w&m;acGzGihfjyjcif;? y&dwf w&m;em,l a pjcif ; ? uk o d k v f a umif ; rI w d k Y u d k trSwf&ap&ef ajymjyjcif;wdkYonf tmoEéuH aumif;atmif jyKvkyfay;Mujcif;yifjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf aocgeD;tcsdefumvwGif rd w f a qG a umif ; &S d z d k Y v d k t yf o nf / vl r rmud k MunhfNyD; 0rf;enf;idka<u;aejcif;onf rnfodkYrQ tusdK;r&Sdonhftjyif idkaeonhfom;orD;wdkY\ toHudkMum;&NyD; pGJvef;pdwfjzihfaooGm;ygu Nyw d må bHo k aYkd &mufwwfonfukd owdjyKtyfonf/ 3/ tmpdPÖuH= aeYpOfrjywf jyKvkyfxm; cJhaom tavhtusihfrsm;pGm Bufdrfzefrsm;pGmjyK vkyftm;xkwfcJhaomuHudk ]]tmpdPÖuH}} [kac: onf/ aeYpOfb&k m;&Scd ;kd jcif;? ykw;D pdyjf cif;? w&m; xdkifjcif;? qGrf;avmif;vSLjcif;? y&dwfy|mef;&Gwf jcif; tp&Sdonfjzihf tNrJwapjyKvkyfcJhonhf uHrsm;onf tmpdPÖuHrsm;yifjzpfMuonf/ tukodkvft&mü rkqdk;? wHigvkyfief; jzihf toufarG;jcif;? aeYpOfom;ig;wd&pämefwdkY udk owfjzwfa&mif;0,fjcif; ponfwo Ykd nfvnf; tmpdPÖuHwdkYyifjzpfMuonf/ xdkYtjyif ukodkvf aumif;rIukd wpfBurd w f pfcg pdwyf gvufyg xuf xufoefoefjyKvkyfcJhNyD;aemuf xdkukokdvfudk rMumrMumowd&NyD; pdwfMunfvif&Tifjy 0rf; ajrmufaejcif;onfvnf; tmpdPu Ö yH if jzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm wpfBudrfwpfcgjyKcJhrd onh f tuk o d k v f u d k rMumrMum owd & í pdwfESvHk;romr,mjzpfjcif;? aemifwwpfzef yl y ef j cif ; wd k Y j zih f tuk o d k v f x yf u mxyf u m jzpf a eygvQif xd k w pf B ud r f w pf c gjyKcJ h o nh f tukokdvfuHudkvnf; tmpdPÖuH[kyif ac:& onf/ 4/ u#wåmuH= þb0 a&S;b0wdkYü omrefjyKvkyfcJhonfhuHrsm;udk u#wåmuH[kac: onf/ trIrJhtrSwfrJhjyKcJhonhf uHrsm;yifjzpfMu onf/ (u#wåmur®= u#wåm jyKtyfcJhonf\ tjzpfaMumihf? ur®H- uH[líqdk&aomuH) tmpd P Ö u H E S i h f tmoEé u H E S p f r sd K ; wdkYwGif tmpdPÖuHonf tNrJrjywfyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfjyKvkyfxm;aomuHjzpfí tmoEéuH xuf tm;&Sdavonf/ odkYaomf aemufb0udk tusdK;ay;&m ürl aocgeD; r&PmoEéaZmESifh eD;uyfaeaom tmoEéuu H omvQif omvGeí f ta&;ygt&m a&mufonf/ qufvuf&Sif;ygOD;tHh/ aocgeD;tcg umvwGif y#doaE¨tusdK;udkay;rnfhuHtpGrf; aMumihf uH? ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwfwpfrsdK;rsdK;wdkY pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

upm;orm; pdw, f w k x f m;

aZmfaemif

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THE TEACHINGS OR DOCTRINE OF THE BUDDHA

"r®puúy0Ü wåeokwaf wmf ESifh 0dyóemw&m;awmf Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta and Meditation Practice "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&omoemjyKwuú o k d v f )

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