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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

3

t&d,mr*¾if xGif;azmufjrif olawmfpifjzpfEkdifMuygap ,aeYAk'¨bmom0ifwdkYonf t&d,mopöm [laompum;udk &if;&if;ESDS;ESD;odxm;aeMuNyD; wpfcsKdUaom w&m;emzl;? pmayavhvm vdkufpm;zl;olwdkYurl t&d,mopöm[lonf Ak'¨a*gwra[mMum;cJhaom opömav;yg; jrihfjrwfrSefuefaom opömw&m;[k odxm;Muygonf/ ,aeYurÇmhvlom;rsm; ukd;uG,f aeaom bmomt,l0g'trsKd;rsKd;wdkYwGif rnfonfhbmom t,l0g'urQ þt&d,opöm[laom a0g[m&ukd rok;H pGcJ yhJ g/ þpum; a0g[m&onf vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygif; 2550 ausmu f tdE, ´d wGif ay:xGe;f cJah om r[mvlom;a*gwrbk&m;u ukd,fwdkifodjrif okH;pGJcJhaom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ ,if;a0g[m& onf xdkacwf xdktcgu vltrsm; vufcHusihfokH;vsuf&Sdaom jA[®P0g'? ½kyfMurf;0g'? emrf0g'rsm;udk awmfvSefausmfvTm;NyD; okH;pGJvmaoma0g[m&jzpfygonf/ þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fusepGm od&Sdem;vnfEkdif&ef tMum;tjrif (okwod) tBuHtpnf (pdEÅmr,od) wdkYjzihf trSefudk em;rvnfEkdifyg/ yGm;rsm;rI(bm0em)tod [laom vufawGUusihfBuHtm;xkwfjcif;jzihfom xdk;xGif;odEkdifonf/ arG;zGm;jcif;? tdkrif;&ihfa&mfjcif;? a&m*g cHpm;&jcif;? aoqHk;&jcif;? cspfaomolESihf auGuGif;&jcif;? rcspfrESpfoufaomolESihf aygif;oif;&jcif;? &wmrvdk vdkwmr&jzpf&jcif;? cE¨mig;yg;qif;&J cE¨mig;yg;wnf&SdrIudk taMumif;jyKNyD; vkyfudkif&SmrSD; qif;&Jazmufjyef ysupf ;D qif;&J? qif;&Jay: qif;&Jxyfaeaom qif;&Jwu Ykd kd Ak'a¨ *gwru qif;&JtrSef ('kuo © pöm)[k vrf;ñTef a[mMum;cJyh gonf/ þqif;&Jukd rdrdudk,fwdkifu taoG;xJua&m tom;xJuyg trSefwu,f qif;&Jtppf[k cHpm;EkdifygNyDvm;/ t0dZÆm(rodrI)aMumihf? wyfrufrI (wPSm)u tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? tawGUtxd? pdwful;[laom tm½Hkajcmufyg;udk cHpm;wdkif; uyfNidapygonf/ umrwPSmjzpfNyD; qkduwnf;u rdrd\ b0udk rvGwfEkdif? rcGmEkdifjzpfaerd\?(0g) b0wPSmjzpfaerd\/ jzpfrI (b0)&Sdaeí qif;&J ('ku©) &Sdaeyg\/ b0jywfu qif;&J('ku©)at;rnf[k awmifhwrI (0db0wPSm) jzpfay:wwfMuonf/ tm½Hkajcmufyg;? tvdrftnmrsm;u rdrdb0tm; wyfrufrIudk vTrf;rdk;? tvdrfcHxm;& ojzihf xdkw&m;rsm;udk trSefxifum pGJrdwdkif;pGJ NyD; xyfumxyfum r&yfrem; vkyfaerdjyefonf/ qif;&Jjzpf&onf[k owdrjyKrMd u? qif;&JaMumif; b0wPSm[lí owdxm; qifjcifrdyg&JUvm;? xdkqif;&JcsKyf&m jrwfaomat;csrf;rI a&mufapaom tusihfrSm &wemoHk;yg;ESihf uH uH\ tusKd;udk ,HkMunfrI(or®m'd|d)? &wem oHk;yg;qdkif&m tBuHtpnf (or®mouFyÜ) &wem oHk;yg; qdkif&m pum;ajymqdkrI (or®m0gpm)? &wemoHk;yg;qdkif&mESihf trsm;tusKd; aqmif &GufrI(or®mur®EÅ)? rdrdolwpfyg; qif;&Jrjzpf apaom toufarG;rI(or®mtmZD0)? ukodkvf aumif;rItm;xkwfjcif;(or®m0g,r)? ukodkvf aumif;rItvkyfwdkYü owd&rI&Sdjcif;? (or®mowd) ukodkvfaumif;rItvkyfwdkYü pl;pdkufwnfMunfrI &Sdaejcif;(or®morm"d) þr*¾if(8)yg; usihfpOfudk bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;vrf;ñTefcJhygonf/ qif;&JtrSef qif;&JaMumif;w&m; trSef qif;&JcsKyf&mtrSef? xdkqif;&JcsKyf&m usihfpOfvrf;pOf trSef[kodjcif;/ - 0#fqif;&JrS vGwfajrmuf&mudk BuHpnfjcif; - rdrd olwpfyg;rqif;&Japaom jiLpl apmif; ajrmif;jcif;r&Sdaom BuHpnfjcif;?

- vdrfnmukef;acsm? Murf;wrf;? tusKd;rJhpum;udk a&SmifMuOfjcif;?

- owfcdk;umrrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;?

- tjypfuif;aom toufarG;jcif;?

- rjzpfao;aom tukodkvf? rjzpfzdkY jzpfNyD; tukodkvfudk y,f&Sm;zdkY jyKvkyfjcif;?

- rjzpfao;aom ukodkvfjzpfzdkY? jzpfNyD; ukodkvf wdk;yGm;zdkY jyKvkyfjcif;?

- owdy|mefav;yg; ½IrSwfjcif;?

-psmefESihf,SOfaom pdwfudkjzpfay:apjcif;?

-0dyóem tm½Hkü pl;pdkufjcif;wdkYonfum; a&S; u xuf tqifhjrifhvmaom ykAÁbm* r*¾if [k qdk&ygonf/ wpfyg;udk usihfoHk;rdu usef (7) yg; tvdkvdk yg0ifvmMuygonf/ r*fr&rD usihf& aom tqihfa&mufygNyD/ t&d,mb0odkY a&muf&SdcJhygrl r*¾if tusihfudk pdwftpOftNrJwnf&Sdí ,if;tqihfESihf avsmfnDpGm tEkt&ihf jzpfay:vmygrnf/ xdkonfudk t&d,mr*¾if[k qdkygonf/ xdkYaMumihf ,aeY Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYonf rdrdwdkY&vmaom vlYb0? BuHKvmaom omoem? &SdaeqJjzpfaom r*¾iftusihfwdkYudk omrefod½Hk aqG;aEG;½HkrQjzihf wif;wdrfraeMubJ t&d,mopömudk xGif;azmufodjrif olawmfpOf b0a&mufatmifBudK;pm;Muyg[k "r®0D&u EdI;aqmfwdkufwGef; vdkufyg&ap/ t,f ' D w m

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ um,ocF g &[l o nf um,ocF g &qd k w m bmvJ v d k Y a r;&if um,ocF g &qd k w m xGuaf v0ifavudyk J ajymw,f/ wjcm;[mudk ajymwmr[kwb f ;l / 'Dae&m rSmvnf; um,ocFg&udk t"dyÜm,faumufawGvGJNyD; zGifhqdkaewJh wcsdKU pmtkyfawG &Sdw,f/ txl;ojzihf EkdifiHjcm;rSm t*FvdyfvdkjyefwJhpmtkyfawG rSm rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkY Germany oGm;NyD; ydkYcswkef;u um,ocFg&eJY ywfoufNyD; German bkef;BuD;wpfyg;u um,ocFg&udk tómo yómovdkYqdkwm b,fxJrSmygwHk;vdkY ar;w,f/ Reference vdkcsifvdkY? tbd"r®musrf; ocFg&,rdkufrSm ygw,fvdkYqdkawmh okwåefxJrSma&m ygovm;wJ-h plVa0'v’ow k rf mS ygw,f/ ]]tómoyómom um,ocFg a&m}} qdkwJh pum;&Sdw,f/ xGufav0ifavudk um,ocFg&vdkY ac:wm/ omreftm;jzihfajym&if ocFg&qdkwJh toHav;Mum;vkdufwmeJY trsm;u bmxifwek ;f qd&k if conditioned things rNrw J o hJ abm oGm;awG; w,f? odkYr[kwf ]t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m} udk oGm;awG;w,f/ tJ'gawG r[kwfbl;wJh/ um,ocFg&qdkwm 'Dae&mrSm udk,fvkyfaewJh ur®|mef; tm½Hku bmvJ/ tm½Hkuae wjcm;xGufroGm;zdkY ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ/ udk,fvkyfaewmu tmemyge? tm;vHk;[m tmemygeeJY oufqdkifwm csnf;yJ rSwf&r,f/ tJ'D ½dIufoGif;aewJh avuav;[m um,ocFg&? tJ'D um,ocFg&-avuav; odrfarGUNyD;awmhoGm;atmif ½SLr,f- ½dIuf r,fvdkY BudK;pm;ygwJh/ vlwpfa,muf[m NidrfoufNyD;awmh at;at;csrf;csrf;aeNyDqdk &if ESmacgif;u av½SLaewm odyfrodombl;? ½SLrS½SL&JUvm;vdkY? tJ'Dvdk r[kwb f ;l / armarmyrf;yrf; tvkyv f yk v f mw,f? wpfae&m&mu ajy;vm w,fqdk&if a[m[J-a[m[JeJY aew,fav/ tJ'D a[m[J-a[m[JeJY aewmu tMurf;pm;BuD;ayhg/ wjznf;jznf;tem;,lvkdufwJhtcg 'DtoH av;u jiifomroGm;bl;vm;/ w&m;tm;xkwyf grsm;vd&Yk &dS if ½SLrS½LS &JUvm; vdkY xif&avmufatmif jiifomoGm;w,f/ aemufqHk; aysmufoGm;wJhxd atmif jiifomoGm;w,f/ xGufav0ifavav;[m &yfoGm;ovm;vdkY xif&avmufatmif rodomawmhbl;/ tJ'Dvdk xGufav 0ifavav; odyNf ird o f ufomG ;onftxd odatmifBuKd ;pm;ygwJ/h a[m'Dtqifah v;qihf udk r[mowdy|meokwfrSm a[mwm/ wjcm;okwåefawGrSmusawmh 16-qihftxd a[mwm&Sdw,f/ t|uxmrSm a&;xm;wmu ur®|mef;upNyD; tm;xkwfwJh beginner awGtwGuf 'D 4-cku t"duusw,f/ usew f mawGuawmh a0'emEkyó em? pdwåmEkyóem? "r®mEkyóemawGeJY ywfoufNyD; psmef&wJhyk*¾dKvfawG twGuf tjcm;tm½HkawGeJY qufpyfNyD;awmh a[mwmygwJh/ tmemyge pç tm;xkwfwJhyk*¾dKvfawGuawmh 'D 4-csufvkyfzdkY tifrwefrS ta&;BuD; ygw,f/ 'Dxufjynhjf ynhpf pkH u kH awmh 0do'k rd¨ *frmS vmwJt h wdik ;f tmemyge ówdudk rSwfMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'gu 'DokwåefrSm a[myHkav; twdkif; 'gavhusihfwm/ pwkw¬tqihfxdatmif odrfarGUvSwJh um,ocFg& xGuf av 0ifavav;jzpfvmNyDqdk&if orm"dpGrf;tm;awGvnf; wufvmNyDç ÓPfpGrf;tm;awGvnf; wufvmNyDç owdawGvnf; aumif;vmNyD/ aumif;vmwJhtcg 'Dtm½Hkav;udk ]tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,m EkyóD 0d[&wd} jrwfpmG bk&m;u qufa[mw,f/ tZÑwu å m,udv k nf; qufNyD; ½IvkdufygOD;wJh/ ]A[d'¨g 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd} wJh/ A[d'¨um,udkvnf; ½IvkdufygOD;wJh/ 'D tZÑwåum,- A[d'¨um,qdkwJh ae&mrSm t|uxmq&m&JU zGifhyHku rdrd&JU xGufav0ifavudk ½Iwm-

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) orÁ[kv bdu©K 0w¦K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg rsm;pGmaom tm*EÅK&[ef;wdkYukd csrf;ompGm aeMu\avm[k ar;awmfrlvwfaomf t&Sif bk&m; qGrf;cH&Gmü ckd;ol "m;jrab;aMumihf (NcHpnf;½kd;)ukd &Gmom;wdkYvkyfaeMu&í qGrf;çyef; wdkYudktm;rxkwfEkdif&um; rcsrf;omMuyg[k &[ef;wkdYavQmuf&mwGif xkd&[ef;wdkYukd qkH;rawmfrljcif;iSm ]]e*&H ,xmypöEÅH}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ xkd&[ef;wkdYonf t&[wåzkdvfü wnfavukef\/ e*&H ,xm ypöEÅH? *kwåH oEÅ&Am[d&H? {0H a*gayx twåmeH? caPm a0g rm Oypö*g? cPmwDwm [d aompEÅd? ed&,rSD oryÜdwm/ jref r muAsm wkdif;pGefjynfem; wnfxm;NrKdU&Gm? twGif;ty apmihf&aumif;pGm? xkdykHtvm; ukd,ftm;apmihfyg? bk&m;yGihf csdefvifhrukef&m/ yGihfacwfumv jzKef;MuolrSm? i&Jus yl&MumjrifhpGm/ Like a border city, guarded within and without, so guard yourself; surely, do not let slip this opportunity, for they who let slip the opportunity grieve when born in hell.

pum;ajy/ / wkdif;pGefjynfem;üjzpfaom NrKdU&Gmukd twGif; tjyifvkHNcKHpGm apmihfa&SmufouJhokdY xkdYtwl rdrdcE¨mawmNrKdU&Gmukd (twGif; jzpfaom rsufpdç em; ponfukd tjyifjzpfaom tqif; toH ponfESihfwuG vkHNcKHpGm) apmihfa&SmufMuukefavmh/ þr*fzkdvf&zG,f tcGihf vG,fvSaom bk&m;jzpf&m (tcGihfaumif;) acwftcgonf uk e f v G e f u G , f a ysmuf í roG m ;ygapvih f / xk d t cG i h f a umif ; uk d ukefvGefapaomolwkdYonf tyg,fi&JokdY usa&mufum pkd;&drf aomu jzpfMu&ukef\/ tZÑwåum,? olwpfyg;&JU xGufav0ifavudk ½Iwmu A[d'¨um,? 'gu pGrf;&nfxufvm&if olwpfyg;&JU xGufav0ifavudk ½IEdkifwJh oabmudk ajymwmjzpfr,f/ bke;f Bu;D wdYk Germany a&mufwek ;f u 'geJyY wfoufNy;D trsm;Bu;D pOf;pm;Ny;D awmh German y&dowfukd bke;f Bu;D wdYk pOf;pm;rdvu dk w f idk ;f rdrw d Ykd \ xGufav 0ifavç olwpfyg;wdkY\ xGufav 0ifavrSwpfyg; tZÑwå qdw k m xGuaf v0ifavudk odaewJph w d u f ½kd &I if tZÑw?å xGuaf v 0ifav av;u A[d'¨vdkY &Sif;jybl;w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYwkef;qdk&if tm,we 12yg;rSm tZÑwåqkdwm 0w¬Kudkac:w,f/ udk,hf&JUtajccH0w¬Kudk tZÑwåvdkY ac:Ny;D tjyifbufuvmwJt h m½Hu k kd A[d'v ¨ Ykd ac:w,f/ tJ'eD nf;pepfav; ud, k Nl y;D bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk 'Dvrkd sm; jzpfEikd rf vm;vd?Yk olrsm;&JU xGuaf v0ifav oGm;Munhzf q Ykd w kd m jzpfEikd w f mr[kwb f ;l / wpfa,mufwnf; tm;xkww f m

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

udk;/ udk,fwpfa,mufwnf; w&m;tm;xkwfae&if udk,hfem; toufvm ½SLwJholrS r&SdbJ/ EdkifiHjcm;om;awGusawmh t|uxmtwkdif; &Sif;jyzdkY&m rvG,f bl;/ olwdkY auseyfavmufatmif r&Sif;jyEdkif&if olwdkYu vufrcHbl;/ jrefrmjynfu Ak'¨bmom0ifawGuawmh ,HkMunfrI o'¨gpGrf;tm;awGu vnf; &Sdw,f/ tawGUtBuHKuvnf;&SdMuawmh bk&m;a[mw&m;qdk&if vufcHMuwmrsm;w,f/ EdkifiHjcm;om;usawmh tJ'Dvdkr&bl;/ 'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wdkYu enf;pepf wpfcktaeeJY 'gu My own opinion udk,fh&JU xifjrifcsufudk ajymwmaemf pmeJY rnDbl;/ oGm;NyD;awmh tjiif;ryGm;eJY/ 'Dvdkvnf; jzpfEdkifw,f/ xGufav0ifavu A[d'¨? rSwfaewJh pdwfu tZÑwå? tJ'gudkvnf; ½IvdkY&w,f/ xGufav0ifavwif odwm r[kwb f ;l / tqihjf rihv f mvd&Yk &dS if odwphJ w d u f v kd nf; aemufpw d pf Ykd odw,f/ xGufav0ifavudk ½IaewJhpdwfudkvnf; aemufpdwfwpfcku xyfNyD;awmh ½Iay;w,f/ yxrawmh ½IwJh tm½Hkav;wpfckudkyJ odw,f/ aemif avhusihfvmwJh tcgusawmh t½IcHaewJhtm½Hkav;udkvnf; odw,f/ ½IwJhpdwfuav;udkvnf; odvmw,fqdkawmh ESpfckjzpfoGm;w,f/ 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmrSm ]ÓwÍö ÓPÍö Oabmyd 0dyówd} wJh/ Ów qdkwm odp&mtm½Hkav;udkvnf; ½Iw,fç ÓPqdkwm odwJhÓPf uav;udkvnf; ½Iw,fwJh/ ESpfck½Iw,f? xGufav0ifavudk ½Iaew,fqdk &if xGufav0ifavudkvnf; ½IEdkifw,f? xGufav0ifavudk odaewJh todÓPfudkvnf; ½IvdkYr&Edkifbl;vm;? &w,f/ tJ'Dawmh xGufav0ifavudk½Iwmudk odvkdufwJhtcgusawmh tZÑwå? xGufav0ifavqdkwJhtm½Hkudk ½Iwmusawmh A[d'¨? tJ'DESpfckudk wpfvn S pfh w D pfvn S pfh D ½Iwt hJ cgusawmh tZÑwAå [d'g¨ 0g uma, um,m EkyóD 0d[&wd wJh/ wpfvSnhfpD tZÑwåudk ½Ivkduf? A[d'¨udk ½Ivkdufqdk awmh tm½Hck si;f u uyfcgoDcgav;wif ajymif;wm? xGuaf v0ifavuae cGmroGm;bl;/ xGufav0ifavqdkwJh tm½Hkudkvnf; ½Iw,f? tJ'Dtm½Hkudk odwJh pdwfuav;uvnf; wpfzufu ½Ivkdufw,fqkdawmh tJ'Dvdkrsm; t"dymÜ ,f,&l &if ydNk y;D awmhaumif;r,f xifw,fqakd wmh bke;f Bu;D &JUwynhf Germann trsdK;orD;BuD;u 'gudk odyfoabmusoGm;w,f/ odyfoabm usayr,hf It is just my own opinion ihg&JU xifjrifcsufaemf/ pmxJrSm 'Dvdkawmh rygbl;vdkY ajym&w,f/ tJ'v D t kd "dymÜ ,f rSw, f rl ,fq&kd if tZÑwAå [d'¨ tm,we ,lykH av;eJY udu k w f ,fayhg/ Ny;D awmh olrsm;&JU xGuaf v0ifav oGm;½Ip&mvnf; rvdb k ;l / tJ'Dae&m #DumzGifhqdkrIudk MunhfwJhtcg tZÑwåA[d'¨qdkwm jzpfEdkifacsav;awGudk xnhfajymwmygwJh/ olrsm;&JUxGufav0ifavudk oGm;½IvdkY orxqdkwmawmif rjzpfEdkifygbl;vdkY a&;xm;w,f/ orx rjzpfEdkifbl;qdkwmç orm"dr&Edkifbl;vdkY ajymwm/ tJ'Dawmh cket"dyÜm,f ud, k &l if tifrwefrS qDavsmpf &m&Sw d ,fayhg/ okaYd omf pmxJrygvdYk tjiif; yGm;p&mjzpfw,fayhg/ wcsdKUpmudk t"duxm;&if pmxJryg&if tjiif;yGm; p&mjzpfw,f/ w&m;uawmh rrSm;bl;ayhg/ ESpcf v k ;kH ½Iwmcsn;f yJ/ odaYk omf pmt"dyÜm,fu 'Dvdkqdkvdkwmvm;ç qdkvdkwmr[kwfbl;vm; 'DavmufyJ ajymp&m&Sdw,fayhg/ 0d y óembuf u l ; yH k 'D t memyge- xG u f a v0if a veJ Y y wf o uf v m&if tZÑwå xGufav0ifavyJ jzpfap? A[d'¨ xGufav0ifavyJjzpfap? tJ'D um, av;awGukd ½Irw S Nf y;D aevku d w f t hJ cg bmawGw;kd jri§ Nfh y;D awmh odvmovJ? 0dyóembuf bmawG ul;oGm;ovJqakd wmh xGuaf v0ifav ½I&if;uae

]ork',"r®mEkyóD0g} jzpfapwwfwhJ taMumif;w&m;av;udv k nf; odvm w,f/ ]0,"r®mEkyóD 0g} ysuo f mG ;wJt h aMumif;w&m;av;udk odvmw,f/ 'g t|uxmtqdk? ork',"r®EkyóDqdkwm jzpfaMumif;w&m;udkvnf; odw,f/ 0,"r®mEkyóDqdkwm ysufaMumif;w&m;udkvnf; odw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'Dvdkvnf;jzpfEdkif ao;w,fvdkY a&;xm;wm&Sdw,f/ r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD;bmomjyefwJh pmtkyfudkMunhf&if ]ork', "r®mEkyóD 0g 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g} udk t|uxmzGiw fh t hJ wkid ;f jzpfaMumif;eJY ysuaf Mumif;vdYk rajymbJ ('Dwpfenf; vnf; jzpfEdkifw,f) tmemygeeJY ywfoufNyD; jzpfvmwmvnf;awGUw,f? ysuw f mvnf; awGUw,fayhg? jzpf-ysujf rifwmudk ajymwmaemf/ q&mawmf BuD; pum;[mvnf; pmxJrSmrygayr,hfvdkY oihfavsmfwJh pum;wpfckyJ/ 'Dvdkvnf; jzpfEkdifygw,fvdkY r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD;u olYpmtkyfxJrSm a&;xm;wm&Sdw,f/ ]ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g} jzpfro I abmudv k nf; odvmw,f? ]0, "r®mEkyóD 0g} ysufrIoabmudkvnf; odw,f/ ]ork',0,"r®} qdkwm jzpfrIysufrIoabmawGudk odvmw,f/ 0dyóemÓPf0ifvmwmudk ajymwm/ 'D tmemygeav;[mvnf; 0ga,mum,jzpfonht f wGuaf Mumihf jzpfNyD;&if ysufwJhoabm&Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk odw,f? todÓPfawG[m &ihfvmw,f/ wufwufvmw,fqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fudk ajymwm/ tJ'Dvdk pdwfudk xGufav0ifaveJY avhusihfvdkufwJhtcg tod ÓPfawG pGr;f tm;awG wufvmNy;D awmh aemufq;kH usawmh olrY mS um, qdw k t hJ odyJ useaf wmhw,f/ tmemygeqdw k hJ um,av;[m um,taeeJY &Sdw,f/ ig taeeJY &Sdaewmr[kwfbl;/ ighOpömqdkNyD; &Sdaewmr[kwfbl;/ um,taeeJY &Sad ew,fqw kd mav;udk tJ'u D m,av;ay:rSm owdprG ;f tm; awG jzpfaew,f/ ÓPfpGrf;tm;awGjzpfaew,f/ owdÓPfjzpfrIxuf ydkNyD;awmh rxifrSwfawmhbl;wJh? 'Dum,av;&Sdaew,fqdkwJhtay:rSm olu owdav;jzpfaew,f? ÓPfav;jzpfaew,f/ tJ'D owdÓPfjzpfaewJt h ay:rSm um,eJyY wfoufNy;D wPSm qdkwJhtawG;awGvnf; rvmbl;/ rSm;,Gif;wJh rdpäm'd|dtawG;awGvnf; rvmbl;/ wPSmtawG;u bmwkef;qdk&if ]ig&JUxGufav0ifavav;? tdk touf½SLvdkY aumif;vkdufwm? ½dIufvdkYaumif;vkdufwm} qdkwJhtawG;awG 'grsdK;awGrvmawmhbl;/ igh[mqdkwJh tawG;awGrvmawmhbl;/ ep auau ud Í ö d Oyg'd , wd aemufNyD;awmh 'DxGufav0ifavav;udk twåqdkwJht&mav; u vkyfaqmifaewmygvm;qdkwJhtawG;vnf; rvmawmhbl;/ rdpäm'd|d tawG;a&m? wPSmtawG;a&m 'DESpfckvHk;[m vHk;0rvmEdkifawmhbl;wJh/ e p avmau udÍöd Oyg'd,wd} wJh/ xGufav0ifavudk odaewmeJY owduyfaewmuvGJNyD; b,ft&mudkrS wPSmeJYjzpfap rdpäm'd|deJYjzpfap pGJrSwfxm;wm rusefawmhbl;wJh/ qdkvdkwmu tpGJawGjyKwfoGm;w,f/ 'Dvdk avhusihfvkduf&if wPSm'd|dawG z,f&Sm;NyD;awmh tpGJawG jyKwfoGm; r,fw/hJ tJ'v D kd tpGjJ yKwo f mG ;&if tmemyge usipfh Ofwpfck atmifjrifomG ; NyDvdkY ajymwm/ £&d , myx tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ tjcm;tm½HkawGeJYvnf; avhusihf&r,fwJh/ £&d,myxyAÁ.. avsmif; xdkif &yf oGm; av;yg;£&d,mykxfawGudk tm½HkpdkufNyD; owduyfae? ÓPfeJYqifjcifoHk;oyfae? ckevdkyJ usihfpOfawG twlwyl ?J owduyfNy;D avhusiafh ewJt h cgrSm tZÑwu å m,eJY avhusirfh ,f?

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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ awG awGUvmr,f/ jzpfwJhoabmawG awGUvmr,f/ jzpfwmysufwm awGUjrifvmr,f/ jrifvm&if obm0w&m; wpfct k aeeJo Y m &Sw d ,fqw kd m owda&m ÓPfa&m jzpfaew,f/ wPSmtawG; 'd|dtawG;awG rvm awmhb;l / vGwo f mG ;Nyw D /hJ avmuBu;D tay:rSm tm;vH;k [m wG,w f mrIawG vGwfoGm;NyD? 'gu £&d,myxyAÁ/ tao;pm; vIy&f mS ;rIav;awGusawmh toar®m[ orÜZnjzihf od&r,f/ toar®m[orÜZnqdkwm rawGa0bl;wJh/ rawGa0bl;qdkwm Oyrmwpfckajymjyr,f/ qdkygpdkY pm;w,fqdkwmav;eJY ywfoufNyD; wpfck ajymjyr,f? pm;w,fqdkwJhtcgrSm bmawGjzpfaeovJqdkwmudk owdorÜ ZneJY uyfNyD;Munhf? bkef;BuD;wdkYwawG xrif;pm;wJhtcgrSm pm;csifwJhpdwf u t&ifrvmbl;vm;/ pm;csifwJhpdwfu t&ifay:vmw,fqdkwm owd xm;&r,f/ tJ'pD m;csiw f phJ w d &f UJ vIUH aqmfraI Mumihf vufu ZGe;f wdYk cuf&if; wdu Yk kd udik w f ,f/ xrif;awG [if;awG xnhv f mw,f/ 'gawG jzpfrvmbl; vm;/ pdwu f av;&JUvIUH aqmfraI Mumifh um,rSm vIy&f mS ;rIawG jzpfvm w,f/ tJ'MD um;xJrmS vnf; pdwu f av;awGu xyfjzpfaew,f/ b,f[if; xnfh&&if aumif;rvJ? b,f[mpm;&&ifaumif;rvJ qdkwmawGa&mayhg/ trsm;BuD;yJaemf? tMurf;zsif;av; ajym&atmif/ tpOftquf jzpfaeyHk udk Munhf? wpfckeJYwpfck rjywfbl;? aemufNyD;awmh pm;NyDqdkwJhtcgrSm pdwfuav;&JU vHIUaqmfrIaMumifh vufav;eJY ZGef;? cuf&if;udkifNyD;awmh aumfvu dk w f ,f/ aumfNy;D awmh yg;pyfayguf&&dS m o,fvmwmaemf/ tJ'v D kd o,fvmwmvnf; b,folY&JUvIHUaqmfrIvJ/ b,folY&JU apcdkif;rIvJqdk&if pdwfqE´&JU apcdkif;rIyJ/ o,fvmwJhtcg pdwfuae yg;pyfuav; zGihfay;vkdufwm/ tem;em; a&mufvmrS zGiafh y;w,f/ zGiahf y;vku d w f t hJ cgrSm ZGe;f av;uae yg;pyfxJ xnhfay;vkdufw,f/ xnhfay;vkdufwJhtcg oGm;wdkY vQmwdkYu rvIyf&Sm;&if 'Dwdkif;yJ Nidrfae&rSmyJ/ oGm;u0g; vQmuaevSnhfay;? 'Dvdk vkyfNyD; rsdKcs? 'g Process yJ/ Munhfav? b,folurS pDrHaewmr[kwfbl;? b,f,EÅ&m;eJYrS vkyfaewmr[kwfbl;/ pdwfav;&JU vIHUaqmfrIaMumifh cE¨mudk,f&JU 0ga,m "mwfawG yx0D"mwfawG tmayg"mwfawGu pGr;f aqmifxm;vdYk tpmpm; w,fqw kd m jzpfrvmbl;vm;/ tJ'v D jkd rifwmrsKd ;udk toar®m[orÜZnvdYk ac:w,f/ pm;wJhtcsdefrSm ]orÜZn} qifjcifÓPf&Sd&r,fqdkwm tJ'gudk ajymwmvdkY t|uxmu qdkw,f/ ]*päaEÅm 0g *pämrD} wd yZmemwd qdw k hJ ae&mrSmvnf; toar®m [ orÜZneJY zGifhwmygyJ/ t|uxmq&mu b,favmufxd ajymvnf; qd&k if oGm;&ifomG ;w,fvYkd odw,fqw kd m wd&pämefawGawmif odrmS ygwJ/h olwv Ykd nf; olwo Ykd mG ;aew,fqw kd m odrmS yJw/hJ tJ'v D kd todrsKd ;udk ajymwm r[kwfbl;wJh/ oGm;w,fqdk&if bmaMumihfoGm;rIjzpfay:vmovJqdkwJh ckeu obm0w&m;awG&JU pOfqufrjywf aqmif&GufrIudk od&r,fvdkY 'Dvdkqdkwmaemf/ odkYaomf 'Dae&mrSm r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ajymxm; wm &Sw d ,f/ oGm;wmudk oGm;w,fvYkd odz&Ykd mvnf; wu,fawmh rvG,yf g bl;wJ/h cket|uxmpum;usawmh tqihjf riho f mG ;w,fayhgaemf/ 'ghaMumihf oGm;&if oGm;w,fvYkd rSww f ,f/ pm;&ifpm;w,fvYkd rSww f ,fqw kd m 'D[m av;wifyJ vlawGrSm renf;rSwfae&w,fwJh/ tJ'Dvdk pOfqufrjywfavhusihfNyD; ½IrSwfvkdufr,fqdk&if wPSm tawG;awG 'd|dtawG;awG r&Sdbl;/ owdeJY ÓPfpGrf;tm;awG xufvm

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w,f/ avmuBu;D ay:rSm b,f[mrS twG,t f wmr&Sb d ;l ? uif;jywfomG ; w,f/ 'gvnf; um,mEkyóemusihfpOfeJY oGm;wmyJ/ b,fxdatmif oGm;wkef;qdk&if t&[wår*fç t&[wåzdkvfxdatmif a&mufoGm;w,f/ 'DusihfpOf wpfckwnf;yJ/ 'Dvrf;pOftwkdif; usihf&if vrf;qHk;a&mufrSmyJ/ 'Dvrf;uavQmuf&if 'Dpcef;a&mufrSmyJqdkwm aocsmaygufyJ/ aemufwpfcu k siyfh u kH y#duv l reodum&qdw k m cE¨mud, k x f rJ mS &SdwJh &GHp&mawGudk awG;r,f/ cE¨mudk,fBuD;rSm&SdwJh 32- aum|moawGudk wpfckcsif; wpfckcsif; pOf;pm;NyD; pdwfuav;[m tJ'Dum,vdkYqdkwJh 32rsKd ;ay:rSm vSnv fh nfNy;D awmh owdprG ;f tm;awG ÓPfprG ;f tm;awGxufvm NyDqdk&if ckeajymwJh um,ay:rSm owdeJYÓPfawG xufvmw,f/ 'd|d tawG;awG wPSmtawG;rSm 0ifrvmbl;/ avmuBu;D wpfcv k ;kH tay:rSm b,ftay:rSmrS rpGJvef;awmh/ pdwfuav;vGwfajrmufoGm;w,f/ aemufwpfcu k "mwkreodum&- "mwfBu;D av;yg;udk ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcifjcif;? cE¨mudk,fBuD; t&Sdtwkdif; "mwfBuD; 4-yg; cGJMunhfvdkuf? ud, k u fh , kd u f kd Munhv f u dk af yhg/ cE¨mud, k Bf u;D udk bmawGew YJ nfaqmufxm; vJ/ t½d;k eJY wnfaqmufxm;w,f/ t½d;k ay:rSm tom;awGwifNy;D ta& awG <uufom;awGeYJ xde;f xm;wm r[kwv f m;/ cE¨mud, k q f w kd m t½d;k tdrf BuD;yJ/ tJ'Dt½dk;tdrfBuD;rSm tom;awGxnhf? xnhfNyD;wJhtcg tay:u ta&av;eJY ywfcsKyx f m;wm/ wpfcek w YJ pfck taMumawGeYJ qdik ;f xm;wm/ BudK;av;awG csnfxm;wmeJY twlwlyJ/ tJ'Dt½dk;tdrfBuD;[m yuwdtdrfBuD;wnfaqmufxm;wmeJY tifrwefww l ,f/ cE¨mtdrBf u;D rSm trmcHwnfaqmufxm;wm? t½d;k awG eJY wnfaqmufNyD;awmh tom;awGtaMumawGeJY xdef;n§dNyD;xm;wJh cE¨mudk,fBuD;wJh/ tJ'DxJrSm bmawGxnhfxm;wHk;qdk&if a&awG xnhfxm; w,f? aoG;qkdwJh a&awG tmaygawGvnf;ygw,f/ aemuf bmawG xnhfxm;wkef;qdk&if tylaiGUawGa&m xnhfrxm;bl;vm;/ Heating system qdkwm tJ'DxJrSm&SdNyD;om;wJh/ cE¨mudk,fBuD;&JUtylawG? w&m;emwJh ae&mrSm xdik af ewJo h al wGxoGm;&if tJ'aD e&mrSm tylaiGUawG rusecf b hJ ;l k x f rJ mS &SNd y;D om;? tJ'gawG vm;/ use&f pfw,f/ Heating system cE¨mud, u awaZmawG/ 0ga,mwJ-h touf½o I iG ;f aewmwd?Yk aoG;awGvnfywfaewmwdYk avpGr;f tm;awGeYJ vIy&f mS ;aewmwdYk awGU&r,f/ cE¨mud, k Bf u;D taetxm; udk wpfcpk w D pfcpk D pOf;pm;vdu k &f if yx0Dvnf; awGU&w,f/ tmaygvnf; awGU&w,f/ 0ga,mvnf; awGU&w,f/ awaZmvnf; awGU&w,f/ yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,muvGJNyD; wjcm; t&mrawGU&awmhatmif cE¨m udk,fBuD;aysmufoGm;atmif ½IrSwf&r,fwJh/ bmeJYOyrmwlwkH;qdk&if uRrf;usifwJh om;owform;[m EGm; wpfaumifvHk;udk zsufcsvkdufwm rMumciftwGif; EGm;taumifBuD; aysmufoGm;w,f/ om;a&u wjcm;? tom;u wjcm;? t½dk;u wjcm;? wpfckpDjzpfoGm;w,f/ EGm;qkdwJhtawG; &Sdao;&JUvm;/ ab;u Munhf&if 'gu ta&? 'gu tom;? 'gu t½dk; 'DvdkyJ jrifawmhwmr[kwfvm;/ tJ'gvdkyJ cE¨mudk,fudk yx0D tmayg awaZm 0ga,mqdkwJh "mwfBuD; 4-yg;eJY zsufcsvkduf&if 'gu yx0D 'gu tmayg 'gu 0ga,m 'gu awaZm 'DavmufyJ jrifawmhwm/ vloP²mefaysmufomG ;Ny/D tJ'v D kd aysmufoGm;NyDqdk&if ckeuvdk owdpGrf;tm;awG ÓPfpGrf;tm;awG xufvmvdkY wPSmtawG; 'd|dtawG;awG vHk;0r&Sdawmhbl;wJh/ tJ'Dvdk vHk;0r&Sdawmh&if avmuBuD;wpfckvHk;rSm pGJvrf;rIawG uif;vGwfoGm;Edkif w,f/ 'gu um,Ekyóem ½Ienf;um;wpfck/ pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

a,medaom reodum&(u) rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® Z mwd u "Z) ]a,medaom reodum&}qkw d m ygVd pum;? jrefrmvdk oifhavsmfovdkESvHk;oGif;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ vdkufavsmnDaxGpdwfxm;jcif; vdkYvnf; rSwfom;Edkifayw,f/ avmuBuD;rSm vlwdkif;vlwkdif;[m ukd,fjzpfcsifovdkjzpfaewmr[kwfygbl;/ rjzpf csifwmawGvnf; jzpfaewmygyJ/ jzpfcsifwm awGuawmh vlwikd ;f &JUtvkq d E´tay:rlwnfNy;D trsKd;rsKd;tzkHzkH pkHvifatmif&SdaerSmyJjzpfw,f/ ]pdEÅdwrÜd 0deówd} BuHpnfxm;wmawGvnf; ysufwwfw,f/ ]tpdEÅdwrÜd b0d H} rBuHpnf pdwful;rxm;wmawGvnf; jzpfwwfw,f/ ]a,med a om reod u m&} [m ukokdvfw&m;awG aumif;rIawGjzpfyGm;jcif;&JU tajccHtaMumif;w&m;ygyJ/ a,medaom reodum&&JU qefYusif buf u awmh ]ta,med a om reod u m&}/ ta,medaom reodum&[m roihfravsmf ESvkH;oGif;jcif;jzpfw,f/ jzpfay:aewJh tajc taet&yf&yfeYJ vku d af vsmnDaxGpmG pdwrf xm; Ekid jf cif;? rok;H oyfEidk jf cif;yJjzpfw,f/ a,medaom reod u m&&J U qef Y u sif b uf j zpf w J h t wk d i f ; tukodkvfjzpfjcif;&JU taMumif;cHw&m;vnf; jzpfw,f/ a,medaom reodum&pdwfxm;ukd aeYpOfxm;oihfygw,f/ tJ'Dpdwfxm;Ekdif&if awGUBuKH&orQ udpöawG[m pdwfroufrom pdwfESvkH;rcsrf;ajrUzG,f&m rjzpfEkdifawmhaybl;/ oihfavsmfpGm ESvkH;oGif;wwfojzihf t&m&m[m acsmarmajyjypfaeayvdrfhr,f/ aeYpOf pdwfcsrf; omjcif ; eJ Y o m BuKH q k H & NyD ; r*F v m&S d w J h aumif;jrwf wJh aeYopfawGjzpfaerSm trSeyf gyJ/ a,medaomreodum&ukd taemuf wdkif; pdwfynm&SifawG&JUa0g[m&eJY ajymr,fqkd &ifawmh atmhyfwDrpfZif (Optimism) ac: ]taumif;jrif0g'} yJjzpfygvdrhfr,f/ olawmfaumif;pdwf"mwf xm;&SdNyD; rk'w d mtm;aumif;wJh yk*K¾ v d af wGrmS 'Dpw d x f m;rsK;d ES v k H ; oG i f ; rI r sKd ; &S d M uygw,f / rk ' d w mqk d w m

olwpfyg; aumif;pm;csr;f omwmukd 0rf;ajrmuf wJh pdwf"mwfyg/ remvdk0efwdkrjzpfwJh pdwf"mwf yg/ a,medaomreodum&eJY ywfoufvYdk Ak'¨tbd"r®moabmt& av;eufatmifajym& &if ESv;Hk oGi;f rIqw dk m pdww f idk ;f rSm yg0ifaew,f/ t&m0w¦Kwpfckckukd (okdYr[kwf) vlwpfa,muf uk d jrif v d k u f w ,f q k d & if ]]bmt&m0w¦ K yJ bmypönf;yJ igeJYcifrifwJhvlyJ igrjrifzl;wJhvlyJ}} vkdY odEkdifpGrf;tm;[m reodum&&JU tusKd; aqmif csufygyJ/ ]jrifpw d }f wpfcjk zpfwt hJ cgrSm jzpfay: vmzk d Y t wG u f jrif p &m Munh f p &m (½l y g½k H ) jrif u G i f ; &S d & r,f / tvif ; a&mif & S d & r,f / jrifEkdifwJh rsufpd&Sd&r,f/ ESvkH;oGif;rI&Sd&r,f/ tJ'DtaMumif;av; csufqkHrS ]jrifpdwf}qkdwm jzpfay:&wmyg/ Mum; w,f? eHw,f? pm;w,f? awGUxdw,f? awG;awmw,f? pOf;pm; w,fqw dk hJ ae&mawGrSm vnf;yJ Mum;pdwfjzpfzkdY eHpdwf (arT;pdwf)jzpfzkdY? pm;pdwfjzpfzkdY? xdpdwfjzpfzkdY? odpdwfjzpfzkdY 'DtaMumif;t*Fgav;&yf jynfhpkH nDñTwf&ef vdktyfayw,f/ tJ'Dtm;vkH;wdkYrSm reodum&qkdwJh ESvkH;oGif;rI[m tukefvkH; ygygw,f/ wDAMDG unhw f ,f? ½kyo f eH m;axmifr,f/ a&arT;eHY½SLr,f? tpm;taomuf pm;aomuf r,f? 0wfp0Hk wfr,f/ ayGUzufr,f? pOf;pm;r,f qk d w J h tm½k H a jcmuf y g; vk y f w k d i f ; vk y f w k d i f ;

cHpm;wkdif; cHpm;wkdif; reodum&yg&w,f/ reodum&[m cyfwkdif;ief qm;yJ/ ygav&m iydcsufyJ/ teHYarT;MuLwJhae&mrSm tmavmu qk d w J h tvif ; a&mif " mwf rvk d t yf b J tmumoqkdwJh (ydkif;jcm;pDrHwwfwJh) ½kyfwpfrsKd; vdktyfwmyJjcm;em;ygw,f/ tm½kHwpfckukd pOf;pm;awmhr,fqkd&if reodum&ryg&ifrNyD;ygbl/ reodum&qkdwJh ESvkH;oGif;rI[m pdwfjzpfpOftm;vkH;eJY oufqkdif w,f/ olryg&if rNy;D ygbl;/ 'gaMumihrf Ydk yJc;l qm;? ygav&m iydcsufvdkY OyrmpGufNyD; ajymcJhwmyg/ aumif;rIuo k v kd af wG jyKvyk w f t hJ cgrSm yg0ifovdk raumif;rI'kp½kdufrsKd;awG usL;vGef awmhr,fqkdjyef&ifvnf; reodum&qkdwJh ESvkH; oGif;rIuawmh ygpNrJyJ/ ]a,medaom} qkdwJh yk'f udk 0daooejyKum a&SUuxnhfNyD; a,medaom reodum&qkdrS jynhfpkHygw,f/ oihfavsmfpGm ESvkH;oGif; wpfenf; taumif;jrifjcif;jzpfyg awmhw,f/ trSefrSmawmh avmuBuD;[m oljzpf csio f vdk jzpfaewmrkYd uk, d rf ykid yf gbl;? uk, d rf ykid f wJhtwGuf tewåavmuBuD;yg/ twåavmu r[kwfygbl;/ avmuukd twåeJYodrf;ykdufvdkY r&Ekid yf gbl;/ 'gayrJh twåBu;D rm;wJh vlom;awG [m avmuBuD;ukd pkd;rkd;zkdY BuKd;pm;aeMuav&JU/ avmuqkdwm azmufjyefysufpD;ae pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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b0ul;aumif;vdkaom omvm&Gmom;rsm; &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H ) Ak'o ¨ nf aemufyg&[ef;oHCmrsm;ESifh wuG a'opm&D <uawmf r l & m wpf a eY w G i f aumovwkid ;f \&GmBu;D wpf&mG jzpfaom omvm &GmodkY a&muf&Sdawmfrlavonf/ Ak'¨<uawmfrl aMumif ; Mum;od M uonf E S i h f &G m om;yk P Ö m ; ol<u,frsm;onf pk½kH;a&muf&SdvmMuNyD; odvkd aomta&;ukd ar;jref;avQmufxm;Muavonf/ ]]t&Siaf *gwr avmurSm tcsKUd aom owå0gawG[m aoNyD;aemuf raumif;aom tyg,fi&Jukd usa&mufoGm;w,fvdkY qkdygw,f? tcsKUd aomowå0grsm;usawmhvnf; aovGew f hJ tcg aumif;aomvm;&m ewfjynfudk usa&muf aMumif; Mum;od&ygw,f? tb,fhaMumihf 'Dvkd a&mufMu&ygovJ? &Sif;vif;ajzMum;awmfrlyg bk&m;}} omvm&Gmom; ol<u,frsm;avQmuf xm;aom tar;pum;ukd Mum;&aomtcg Ak'¨u ]]ol<u,fwdkY 'DavmurSm tcsKdUaom owå0gawG[m rw&m;rI? rrQwrIwdkYukd jyKvkyf MuwJhtwGuf aowJhtcg tyg,fi&Jukd us a&mufNyD; qif;&JMu&w,f? ol<u,fwdkY tcsKdU aom owå0grsm;u w&m;rQwpGm jyKrlvkyfukdif aeMuwmaMumihf aovGefwJhtcgrSm aumif; aomewf j ynf e wf & G m uk d a&muf & S d M u&w,f ? csrf;omukd cHpm;Mu&ayw,f}} ]]t&Sifa*gwr tuREkfyfwdkY 'DtaMumif; ukd aumif;pGmoabmraygufyg? tus,t f m;jzihf &Sif;vif;a[mMum;awmfrlygbk&m;}} [k omvm &Gmom; ol<u,frsm;u avQmufxm;&m Ak'¨u tus,ftm;jzihf qufvufa[mMum;awmfrlay onf/ ]]tcsif; ol<u,fwdkY rw&m;rI? rrQw rI jyKvyk jf cif;[m q,frsK;d &Sw d ,f? tJ'q D ,frsK;d u (1) uk, d jf zihjf yKvyk jf cif;ok;H rsK;d ? (2) EIwjf zihjf yKvyk f jcif;av;rsKd;? (3) pdwfjzihfjyKvkyfjcif;okH;rsKd;? tm;vkH;aygif; q,frsKd;&Sdw,f}} ]]ol<u,fwdkY wpfenf;ajym&&if ukd,f jzihf rw&m;rI? rrQwrIjyKvyk jf cif;qkw d m ygPmwd ygw ygw- owå 0 guk d oem;Muif e mjcif ; r&S d ? ol Y t ouf u k d n§ i f ; qJ o wf j zwf a vh & S d j cif ; ? t'd E é m 'ge 'ge- ol w pf y g;&J U Opö m ypö n f ; uk d ykdifqkdifvkdaompdwfeJY ckd;,ljcif;? umarokrdpäm pm& pm&- rd r d & J U umryk d i f r [k w f a om rd e f ; rES i h f

(ok d Y r [k w f ) a,musf m ;ES i h f rw&m;ojzih f azmufjyefusL;vGefjcif; pwJh okH;rsKd;ukd ukd,fjzifh jyKvkyfwJh raumif;rIokH;rsKd;vkdYac:w,f}} ]]EIwfjzihf rw&m;rI? rrQwrIjyKjcif; av;rsKd;qkdwm rk o m0g' m0g'- r[kwfrrSefaom pum; ukd ajymqkdjcif;? ydokP0gpm 0gpm- ukef;acsm ukef;wdkuf pum;ukdajymqkdjcif;? z½ko0gpm 0gpmMurf;wrf; ,kwfrmaompum;ukd ajymqkdjcif;? oræyÜvmyg myg- tESpfr&Sd? odrfzsif;aompum;ukd ajymqkdjcif; pwJh av;rsKd;[m EIwfjzihfrw&m;rI? rrQwrIjyKjcif; av;rsKd;vdkYac:w,f/ ]]ol<u,fwYkd pdwjf zihf rw&m;rI? rrQw rIjyKvyk jf cif;ok;H rsK;d qkw d mu tbdZÑm- olwpfyg; pnf;pdrfOpömukd rdrdOpömjzpfygrl aumif;avpGvdkY a&SU½I BuHpnfjcif;? Asmyg' Asmyg'- rBuD;yGm;ygapeJY? qkw, f w k yf supf ;D ygap pwmvdk olwpfyg;ysupf ;D apvkdaom pdwftBuH&Sdjcif;? rdpäm'd|d- aumif;rI raumif;rI&JU tusKd;0dygufqkdwmr&Sd? owå0g aoaomf b0opfr&Sd? trdtzwdkY&JUaus;Zl;qkd wmr&Sdbl;vdkY rSm;,Gif;azmufjyefwJht,l&Sdjcif; okH;rsKd;[m pdwfjzifhjyKvkyfwJh raumif;rIokH;rsKd; jzpfayw,f}} ]]tcsif; ol<u,fwdkY tJ'Drw&m;rI? rrQwrI? 'kp½ku d w f &m;q,frsK;d u raumif;aom tyg,fi&Jukd usa&mufapaom taMumif;jzpf w,f? 'kp½kdufw&m;q,fyg;eJY qefYusifbuf okp½kdufw&m;q,frsKd;vnf; &Sdao;w,f? tJ'D okp½kdufq,frsKd;u bmawGvJqkd&if...}} um,u ]]um,u um,uH- ukd,fjzihfw&m;rI? rQwrI jyKvyk jf cif;ok;H rsK;d ? 0pDu-H EIwjf zihw f &m;rI? rQwrI jyKvkyfjcif;av;rsKd;? raemu raemuH- pdwfjzihf w&m;rI? rQwrIBuHpnfjcif;okH;rsKd;? tJ'Dum,uHokH;rsKd;?

0pDurH aI v;rsK;d ? raemuHro I ;Hk rsK;d wdu Yk dk aygif;vku d f &if okp½kdufw&m;q,frsKd;jzpfw,f}} ]]tcsi;f ol<u,fwYkd wpfenf;ajym&&if ukd,fjzihfw&m;rI? rQwrIjyKvkyfjcif;okH;rsKd;qkdwm ygPmwdygwm a0&rPd- olwpfyg;towfukd owfjzwfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;? t'dEém'gem

a0&rPd- olwpfyg;Opömukd ckd;,lrIrS a&SmifMuOf jcif;? umarokrdpämp&m a0&rPd- olwpfyg; tdr&f mukd usL;vGerf rI S a&SmifMuOfjcif; pwJh ok;H rsK;d ukd ukd,fjzihfvGefusL;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;okH;rsKd; vdaYk c:ayw,f}} ]]ol<u,fwdkY EIwfjzihfw&m;rI? rQwrI jyKjcif;av;rsKd;qkdwmu rkom0g'ga0&rPdr[k w f r rS e f a jymqk d r I u k d a&S m if M uOf j cif ; ? ydokP0gpm a0&rPd- oihfjrwfaeolESpfOD; pdwf0rf;uGJatmif ukef;acsmpum;ajymqkdrIukd a&SmifMuOfjcif;? z½ko0gpma0&rPd- Murf;wrf; ,kwfrmaompum;ajymqkdrIukd a&SmifMuOfjcif; pwJ h av;rsKd ; uk d EI w f j zih f vG e f u sL;jcif ; rS a&SmifMuOf jcif;av;rsKd;vdkYac:w,f}} ]]ol<u,fwdkY pdwfjzihf w&m;rI? rQwrI? BuHpnfjcif;okH;rsKd;qkdwmuawmh- tebdZÑmÑmolwpfyg;pD;yGm;ukd tvkdr&Sdjcif;? tAsmyg' tAsmyg'olwpfyg;wdkYtm; ysufpD;qkwf,kwfapvdkaom pdwftBuHr&Sdjcif;? or®m'd|d- &wemokH;yg;&JU tqkH;trw&m;ukd ,kHMunfNyD; ajzmifhrSefaom t,l&jdS cif; pwJh ok;H rsK;d [m pdwjf zihjf yKvyk Bf upH nf jcif; aumif;rIokH;rsKd;jzpfw,f}} ]]ol<u,fwdkY tJ'Dokp½kdufw&m;q,f rsKd;[m aumif;aomewfjynfukd vm;a&muf& jcif;&JUtaMumif;jzpfayw,f? rw&m;rI? rrQwrI jyKvkyfajymqkdBuHpnfwJhowå0g[m i&Jukdus a&muf & NyD ; qif ; &J ' k u © u k d cH p m;&vd r f h r ,f ? w&m;rI rQwrI jyvk y f a jymqk d B uH p nf a om owå0gawGuawmh aumif;aomvm;&m ewf&mG ok*wdoYdk a&muf&&dS Ny;D ewfw&Ykd UJ pnf;pdrcf sr;f om ukd cHpm;Mu&vdrfhr,f}} [k Ak'¨u a[mMum; qkH;rawmfrl&m aumovwdkif;om; ol<u,f taygif;wdkYonf 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;jcif; jzpfMu um Ak'¨\wynhf OygoumtjzpfcH,lcJhMu avawmhonf/ &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H ) usrf ; uk d ; rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf/ ygav,suokwf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

a*gwrAk'¨ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r® jyóemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)

,cif t ywf r S t quf rif ; BuD ; xd k u J h o d k Y xG u f v monf u d k wHcg;oHk;xyfwdkYü apmihfwnfaeMuaom uacs onfponfwdkYonf jrifMuukefvsuf rif;BuD;[l í rodMuukef/ ]yapöuAk'¨gt&Sifwpfyg;onf igwdkY rif;Bu;D xH w&m;a[m&ef <uvmonf} [líom BuHpnfpOf;pm;rdMuavawmhonf/ eef;jymom'fow Ykd ufí rif;Bu;D aexdik f &mwdkYudk aocsmpGm Munhf½IMuaomf rif;BuD; r&Sd awmhonfuo kd Md uNy;D ork'&´ m tv,fü epfjrKyf awmhrnfh avSüygaom olwkdYuJhodkY wNydKifeuf wnf; idka<u;Muavonf/ &[ef;toGi, f al qmifvmaom yuúK omwdrif;BuD;udk ajrtjyifodkY oufqif;rdvQif oufqif;rdjcif; vltrsm;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;?

NrKd Uol NrKd Uom;wdo Yk nfvnf;aumif;? Adv k yf g &Jruf taygif;onfvnf;aumif; 0dik ;f &HMuí onf;xef pGmidka<u;Muavonf/ trwfwu Ykd vnf; yuúKomwd rif;Bu;D udk ]t&Sifrif;BuD; rZÑda'oü aexdkifMu aom rif;wdkYrnfonf tvGefrm,mrsm;Muukef onf/ o0PfvTmyg; wrefrsm;udk apvTwfí avmuü bk&m;&wemrnfonf wu,fyif jzpfay:yGihfxGef;onf odkYr[kwf jzpfay:yGihfxGef; awmfrrl [laom þtcsuu f kd twdtus pHpk rf; awmfrNl y;D rS <uawmfryl guke?f ,ckrl a&Teef;awmf odkYom jyef<uawmfrlygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm; Muavonf/ ]tcsif;wdkY igonf ig\ taqGawmf Ad r d Á o m&rif ; \ pum;awmf u d k rrS d w f r ok e f ,HkMunfyg\/ taqGawmfAdrdÁom&rif;tzdkY&m

igESihf pum;ESpfcGajymMum;zl;aom rnfonf r&Sad cs/ oifwaYkd e&pfMuygavmh} [k rdeMYf um;um qufvuf<uoGm;aomf trwfAdkvfygESihf wuG y&dowfvltrsm;onfvnf; aemufutpOf vkdufMuavonf/ yuúKomwd rif;BuD;onf awmifa0S; jzihf ajrüta&;tom;qGJNyD;vQif]þwdik ;f jynfonf rnfo\ l wdik ;f jynf enf;} [kar;onf/ ]t&Sirf if;Bu;D t&Sirf if;Bu;D wd\ Yk wdik ;f jynfjzpfygonf} ]tMuifolonf þta&;tom;udk ysufpD;atmifjyK\? xdkvludk rif;tmPmjzihf qHk;jzwfcH&rnf} [k rdefYMum;onf/ vlrsm;taygif;onf rif;Bu;D \ trdeYf udk rvGefqefEkdifMubJ rsOf;om;wpfbufüom aeMuNyD; vl;vSdrfhidka<u;avonf/ yuúKomwd &[ef;onf ]Ak'¨onf tazmfryg wpfyg;wnf; &[ef;jyKonf? &[ef; jyKNyD; ,mOfrpD; xD;raqmif;? zdeyfrygacs/ igonf aemufygwynhf ,mOfp;D ? xD;awmf? zdeyf pD;í oGm;rnfqdku bk&m;&Sifudk &SufzG,fjzpf awmhrnf} [k pOf;pm;qifjcifNyD; wpfyg;wnf; tazmfryg ,OfrpD;? xD;raqmif;? bdeyfrpD; wpfyg;wnf;om <uawmfrlonf/ vlrsm;taygif;onf rif;wHwikd ;f NrKd U½d;k jytdk; ypöiftp&SdonfwdkYtay:okdY wufMuí ]igwdkY rif;w&m;onf wpfyg;wnf; <uoGm;awmfrlavNyD} [k ajymqkdMunhf½Ium rsuf&nfpufvufESihf usef&pfcJhMuonf/ ]oG m ;&rnf h c &D ; um; a0;vS \ ? wpfa,mufwnf;wnf; þc&D;udk vGefajrmuf apzdkY&ef rwwfEkdifacs}

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Ekonftp&Sdaomfvnf; xdkt&mudk rpOf;pm;bJ tpmtm[m&udk 0ifoGm;&mudk qifjcifpOf;pm; íom bkOf;ay;avonf/ þenf ; jzih f vmcJ h & m c&D ; ,l Z em (192) uGma0;aom om0wd¬odkY c&D;ayguf a&mufcJhonf/ om0wd¬odkYa&mufaomf ]jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sif b,fae&mü oDwif;oHk; aexdkifyg oenf;} [k rar;rdcJhacs/ xd k t csd e f u jrwf p G m bk & m;onf om0wd¬jynf aZw0efausmif;ü &Sdaeonfudk rodí Adro Ád m&rif;\ o0PfvmT t& &mZN*Kd [f &Srd nfxifNy;D 45 ,lZem uGma0;aom &mZN*Kd [f jynfodkY qufvufvdfkufygcJhonf/ &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd UodYk a&mufaomf &mZN*Kd [f ü ausmif;wdkufursm;aomaMumihf bk&m;&Sif

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ b,fausmif;rSm oDwif;oH;k rSe;f rodí awGUaom olwdkYudk]tb,fausmif;ü bk&m;&SifoDwif; oHk;aeygoen;f} [k ar;rdonf/ ]t&S i f b k & m; ,ck t b,f t &yf u vmcJhygoenf;} ]þ&mZN*dK[fjynf\ ajrmuft&yfrS vmcJhygonf} ]t&Sifbk&m;onf c&D;vGefvmcJhacs Ny?D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f t&Sib f &k m; <uvmaom vrf; om0wd¬jynf aZw0efausmif;rSm oDwif; oH;k aeygonf/ ,cktcg tcsdefr[kwfawmhNyD bk&m; xHarSmuf ta&mufroGm;EkdifawmhNyD/ ,aeY nawmh þ&mZN*d K [f j ynf r S m td y f N yD ; eH e uf rdk;aomufrS xoGm;awmhygrnf} [k yuúKomwd &[ef;onf pOf;pm;qifjcifNyD; ]tarmifwdkY þ&mZN*dK[fjynfü c&D; oGm;aeaom &[ef;wdkY tb,ft&yfü wnf;cdk aexdkifMuygoenf;} [k ar;jref;avonf/ ]t&S i f b k & m; td k ; xd e f ; onf w J ü wnf;cdkaexdkifMuygonf} [kajymjyNyD; teD;&Sd tdk;xdef;onfwJudk vlwdkYu ñTefjyMuonf/ yuúKomwdonf t dk;xdef;onfwJü wnf;cdk&ef tdk;xdef;onfudk awmif;yefí wJü Murf;wrf;aom ajrtjyifü tdyf&avonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f o nf xd k a eY rd;k aomufaomtcg owåavmuudk Munhaf wmf rlavvQif yuúKomwdtrsKd;aumif;om;&[ef; udk jrifonf/ ]]þyuú K omwd trsKd ; aumif ; om; onf ol\ rdwfaqG AdrdÁom&rif;u ydkYotyf aom vufaqmifo0PfvTmrQudk zwfNyD;vQif ,lZem (100)ausmf us,f0ef;aom wuúodkvf jynfe,fBuD;udk &uf&ufpGefYypfum igbk&m;udk &nfñTef;í &[ef;jyKNyD;aemuf ,lZem (192) c&D;udk vGefajrmufí (45),lZemavmuf c&D; vGeu f m ,aeY&mZN*Kd [jf ynfoYkd a&muf&cdS o hJ nf/ igbk&m;roGm;a&mufcJhvQif atmuf zdkvf oHk;yg;wdkYukd rod&SmbJ wpfnOfhwmrQ aeNyD;aemuf tm;udk;&mrJh aojcif;odkY a&muf oG m ;ayvd r h f r nf / igbk & m;a&muf v Qif u m; atmuft&d,mzdkvfoHk;yg;wdkYodkY qdkufa&mufod jrif uRwfwrf;0if&Smvdrfhrnf/ igbk&m;onf a0ae,sowå0grsm;tm; oem;cs;D ajrm§ uf&efyif av;oacsFESifhurÇmwpfodef;Mum umvywfvHk; yg&rDawmfwdkYudk jznhfusihftyfcJhavNyD? igbk&m; onf xdktrsKd;om; yuúKomwdtm; csD;ajr§muf

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2010 ckESpf aEG&moD[m tqkd;qkH;ygyJ? rkd;&Gm jyefawmhvnf; rkd;uvnf; &GmyJ&GmEdkif&efaum? pJukdrpJawmhbl;/ avwkduf&ifvJ wdkufjyefNyD}} ajymMujyefa&m/ avmuBu;D ukd rauseyfMubl;/ avmuBu;D ukd pdeaf c:wJv h al wGvnf; &SdaewmygyJ/ avmuBuD;ukd tvkdrusjzpfae&if vlawGukd pdwfwkdif;rusjzpfae&if a,medaom reodum& rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ vl[m avmuBuD;eJY wjcm;vlawGukdomru rdrdukd,fukdvnf; tvkd ruswmawG jzpfaewmyJ/ ]]ighuHES,f qkd;vScsnhf? ighvkyfief;awG pmrsuf E S m 8 rS bmrSratmifjrifb;l ? igjzpfcsiw f mawG bmrSjzpf jcif;oabm &Sdayw,f/ rvmbl;}} qkdNyD;awmhvnf; a,medaomreod ]vkZÆwdwd avmaum} wJh? ysufpD; um& rxm;EkdifMubl;av/ bmyJjzpfjzpf rdrdwdkY wwfaomaMumihf avmuygwJh? rysufpD;&if [m arwåm? u½kPm? rk'dwm? Oayu©mqkdwJh avmur[kwaf wmhb;l / avmuukd vGeaf jrmuf jA[® 0 d [ m&w&m; vuf u k d i f x m;wwf M uwJ h oGm;wJh avmuukdausmfoGm;wJh avmukwå&myJ a,medaomreodum& w&m;usio fh ;Hk zkYd cufcrJ I jzpfawmhw,f/ r&SEd idk b f ;l vdYk xifygw,f/ oihaf vsmpf mG pdwx f m; ]yvkZÆwdwd avmaum} b,fvkdyif NyD; taumif;zufom ½SLjrifEkdifMuygap/ jyifjyif? jyifvrYkd &Ekid af vmufatmif jyifvYdk Ny;D qk;H rk H & G m aeZm jcif;odkYra&mufEkdifavmufatmif ysufpD;wwf

rIay;awmhtHh} [kqifjcifawmfrlNyD; eHeufapm apmuyif ud, k v f ufow k o f ifNy;D &[ef;taygif; Nc&H v H suf om0wdj¬ ynfoYkd qGr;f cH0ifonf/ aeYvJG aomtcg qG r f ; cH & mrS zJ c G m NyD ; *E¨ m uk # D ü wr[kwfrQ tyef;ajzawmfrlNyD;aemuf ]yuúKomwdonf igbk&m;ü &SufEdk;½dk aovSojzihf jyKEkdifcJaom trIudk jyKayonf/ ,lZemwpf&mausmf us,f0ef;aom wuúodkvf jynft0ef;udk pGefYypfum t,kwfojzihf rsufESm opfa&ay;rnfh tapcHuav;wpfa,mufudkrQ rac:aqmifbJ wpfudk,fwnf;om xGufcGmcJh &Smavonf} [k BupH nfqifjcifawmfrí l wynhf BuD;wpfyg;rQ rac:bJ wpfyg;wnf; oydwf ouFef;[lum om0wd¬rS xGufcGmcJhMuonf/ ñTe;f r[mAk'0¨ ifusr;f (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

qkxl;yeftbd"r®moifwef; qkxl;yeftbd"r®moifwef;rS o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z qkxl;yef q&m[ef ESifh tbd"r®mq&m? q&mrwkdYu tbd"r®m ynm&yfukd . . . ]]ajymoavmuf r cuf ? cuf o avmuf v G , f atmif } } acwf r D a om oauFwenf;pepfjzifh "r®'geykdYcsoifMum;ay;ygrnf/ 1/ ig;xyfBuD;jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a&S;a[mif; a':aomh wefaqmif;? A[ef; NrdKUe,f? paeeHeuf 8 em&DrS 11 em&Dtxd we*FaEG -eHeuf 8 em&DrS 11 em&Dtxd 2/ omoemh r mef a tmif rk d ; uk w f 0d y óemy&d , wå d p m oif w k d u f ? ewfacsmif;? wmarGNrdKUe,f/ paen 6 em&DrS 8 em&Dtxd we*FaEG - n 6 em&DrS 8 em&Dtxd 9/ om"kum&D"r®m½k?H Akv d af tmifausmv f rf;? 2010 jynfhESpf? ZGefv 19 &ufaeY aeYv,f 1 em&D (paeaeY)

DHAMMA TALKS

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"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ 32 yg;aom r[myk&dovu©PmawmfBuD;wdkY\ jzpfpOftaMumif; uHrsm;ESihf tusKd;w&m;rsm; Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; (1) okyÜwd|dwyg'vu©Pm =aumif ; pG m wnD w ñG w f w nf ; aom ajcawmf&Sdjcif;/ (u)¤if;onf ukodkvfjyK&efcdkifNrJpGm aqmufwnfaom ukodkvf aMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) rnfonfyh *k Kd¾ vu f rQ rvIy&f mS ; rajcmufjcm;Ekid af om tusK;d udk ay;\/ Ø yg' vu©Pmm=wpf&mh&SpfuGuf puf0ef;wHqdyfygaom (2) puúuw ajcz0g;awmf&Sdjcif;/ (u)¤if;onf owå0gwdkY\ ab;&efudk umuG,fapmihfa&Smufaom ukodkvftNcHt&HESihfwuG tvSL'gejyKcJhaom ukodkvfaMumihf jzpfonf/ (c) tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif;tusKd;udk&onf/ (3) tm,w yP yPSd= &Snfaom zaemihfawmf&Sdjcif;/ w= &Snfaomajcacsmif;? vufacsmif;awmfrsm;&Sdjci;f/ (4) 'DC*Fkvwd (5) jA[®KZ*k w wå=jA[®muJo h aYkd jzmihaf omud, k &f jdS cif;[lonfh vu©Pmawmf oHk;yg;/ (u)¤if;wdkYonf ygPmwdygw tukodkvfudk a&SmifcJhaomaMumihf jzpfonf/ (c) touf&Snfjcif;tusKd;udk&\/ m (6) owåKó' ó' vu©Pm=vuf ESpfzuf? ajcESpfzuf? ycHk;ESpfzuf? vnfyif; ckepfXmewdkYjynhfNzdK;jcif;/ (u)¤if;onfjrwfaomt&om (abmZOfcJzG,ftazsmf)wdkYudk vSL aom ukokdvfaMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) vmbfoyÜum&aygrsm;jcif;tusKd;udk&onf/ (7) rk'kwvkP[w¬yg' g'= El;nHhysKdEkaom vufz0g;? ajcz0g;&Sdjcif;/ (8) Zmv[w¬yg'vu©Pmm=ZmuGef,ufjzefYxm;aom vufajc&Sdjcif;/ (vufr? ajcrcseí f <uif;aom av;acsmif;tqpfav;ck wnDwnf; &Sad om aMumihf 12 uGu&f adS om avomjywif;opfopf? ZmuGuEf iS fh wlaom ZmuGef,uf 12 uGuf&Sdaom vufz0g;? ajcz0g;[kqdkyg onf) (u)þvu©Pm 2 yg;wdkYonf o*F[0w¬Kav;yg;jzihf csD;ajr§muf cJhaom ukodkvfaMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) rNyKd uEJG idk ?f pnf;vH;k aom y&dowftNct H &HEiS fh jynhpf jkH cif; tusK;d &\/ (9) OócFyg'vu©Pmm= jrihfaomzrsuf&Sdjcif;/ (10) O'´*¾avmrvu©Pmm=tzsm;aumhaxmifao arG;n§if;&Sdjcif; vu© Pmawmf/ (u)xdkESpfyg;onf tusKd;pD;yGm; csrf;om&ap&ef aMumif;usKd;ñTefjy qHk;rcJhaom ukodkvfaMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) vlewfjA[®mowå0gwdkYxuf jrwfaom*kPfudk &&Sdonf/

(11) {PDZCFvu©Pmm={PDom;aumifuJhokdY vHk;oG,faom ovHk;jrif; acgif;&Sdjcif;/ (u)þvu©Pmonf odyÜ? 0dZÆtwwfynmudk vsifpGmodap&ef aumif;pGm oifMum;ay;cJhaom ukodkvfaMumifhjzpfonf/ (c) tzd;k xdu k w f efaom Opömypön;f udk vsipf mG &&Sjd cif;tusK;d ud&k \/ m odrfarGUEl;nHhaom ta&&Sdjcif;/ (12) okckrpä0d vu©Pm= (u)ynm&SdwdkYtm; ar;jref;aom ukodkvfaMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) xufjruf? vsifjref? &Tif? BuD;rm;aom ynm&Sdjcif;tusKd;udk &\/ (13) ok0PÖ0PÖvu©Pmm=a&Ttqif;&Sdjcif;/ (u)a'goenf;jcif;? El;nHah omtcif;t½H?k t0wftxnfukd vSLaom aMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) El;nHhacsmarGUaom tcif;t½Hkudk&\/ (14) aumaom[dw 0w¬*k,Svu©Pmm=ttdrfjzihf zHk;aoma,musfm; edrdwf&Sdjcif;/ (u)auGuGif;aomaqGrsKd;ponfudk &SmazGay;jcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) rsm;pGmaom om;&wemwdkYudk &\/ (15) edaj*m" y&dr@vvu©Pmm= jynfanmifyifuJhokdY t&yftvH nDrQ0dkif;jcif;/ (16) |dawm 0ZmPk y&mró vu©Pmm= &yfvsufu 'l;awmfudk oH;k oyfEidk jf cif;/ (u)xl;aomolwu Ydk kd txl;cs;D ajrm§ ufwwfaom ukov kd af Mumihjf zpf \/ (c) Opömypönf;<u,f0csrf;omjcif;tusKd;udk&\/ (17) oD[ykAÁ'¨um, vu©Pmm= jcaoFhrif;\ udk,fuJhodkYjynhfNzdK;aom txufatmufudk,f&Sdjcif;/ (18) pdwEÅ&Hom vu©Pmm=jynhfaomvufjyiftMum; ausmufom; (ausmom;) &Sdjcif;/ m (19) 0¥u©E¨vu©Pm=tnD trQvHk;aom vnfyif;&Sdjcif;/ (u)þvu©PmoH;k yg;onf y&[dwtusK;d onfy;kd aqmif&u G af om ukodkvfaMumihfjzpfonf/ (c) a`cG&H? pnf;pdrf? rqkwf,kwfjcif;tusKd;udk&\/ m t&omudk aqmifaom &o[&PD (20) &o*¾o*¾du vu©Pm= taMumckESpfaxmif&Sdjcif;/ (u)olwpfyg;tm; rn§Of;qJjcif;? u½kPm&Sdjcif; ukodkvfaMumihf jzpfonf/ (c) tpmaMunDrQjcif;? 0rf;rD;aumif;jcif;tusKd;udk&\/ (21) tbdeDv aewå vu©Pmm=tvGefrnf;eufaom rsufpd&Sdjcif;/ pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y

DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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qkwf,kwfysufpD;ap&m aMumhuGif;axmifacsmufozG,f oHo*¾ (5) rsdK; cif a rmif r k d ; (awmif B uD ; ) bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;oHCmwdkYtwGuf qkwf,kwfysufpD;ap &m aMumhuGif;axmifacsmufozG,fjzpfaom oHo*¾ (5) rsdK;wdkYESihfpyfí? okwåefyd#uwf rlvyPÖmygVdawmfESifh t|uxmwdkYwGif azmfjyyg&Sdaom &[ef;wdkYa&Smif&ef oHo*¾ (5) rsdK;udk azmfjyvdkygonf/ (þoHo*¾ (5) rsdK; wdkYrSm udk,fusihfoDvaqmufwnfMuaomvlwdkYESihfvnf; oufqdkif onfudk owdjyKawmfrlMuyg) oH o *¾ (5) rsd K ;wd k Y r S m (1) o0eoHo*¾ (2) 'óeoHo*¾ (3) orkv’yeoHo*¾ (4) oarÇm*oHo*¾ (5) um,oHo*¾ [lí aygif; (5) rsdK;jzpfonf/ t"d y Ü m ,f z G i h f q d k c suf r sm; (1) toHudkMum;&í jzpfaom&m*onf o0eoHo*¾rnf\/ (2) tqif;udk½Ijrifí jzpfaom&m*onf 'óeoHo*¾rnf\/ (3) pum;vufqHkusajym&í jzpfaom&m*onf orkv’ye oHo*¾rnf\/ (4) twl (oGm;vmpm;aomuf) oH;k aqmifíjzpfaom&m*onf oarÇm*oHo*¾ rnf\/ (5) udk,fvufudkifwG,fxdawGUíjzpf&aom&m*onf um, oHo*¾rnf\/ rS w f & ef a qmif y k ' f v uF m (1) rdef;ra,musfm; ESpfOD;om;wdkY pum;ajymoH &,farmoHESihf toH toHMum;&jyef {uef&m*jzpfzG,fayhg/ (2) jrifzef½Izefrsm;vmjyef {uef&m*jzpfzG,fyhg/ (3) pum;pum; ajymzefrsm;aomf pum;xJu t&dyfjy {uef &m*jzpfzG,fyhg/ (4) twGrJ sm;pGm rcGyJ gyJ vmvmoGm;oGm; pm;pm;aomufaomuf 0rf;ajrmufMunfomoHk;aqmifyg rSefpGm&m*jzpfzG,fyhg/ (5) wdu Yk m xdum ayGUydu k u f mESihf t*Fgud, k v f uf oH;k oyfvsuf qufquf&m* jzpfzG,fyhg/ rdef;ra,musfm;? ESpfOD;om;wdkY Mum;w,fjrifw,f? ajym&w,f? oHk;aqmif&w,f? xd&w,f? jzpfzG,f&m*wnf;/ ig;wef>ruf[? oHo*¾? vHk;0a&Smifavwnf;/ Ak'¨\om;? &[ef;rsm;ESihfolawmfrsm;? a&Smif&Sm;apzdkYwnf;/ (yH? 1? |? 'kwGJ? 50) oH o *¾ & m*jzpf u m ysuf p D ; MuyH k o m"ursm; (1) Mum;í&m*jzpf u mysuf p D ; yH k oD[dkVfuRef;rS &[ef;i,f (&Sifi,f) wpfyg; aumif;uifc&D;rS psmefjzihf <uvmpOf? MumcsdK;olruav;wpfa,muf\ oDcsif;oDqdkaeoH udk Mum;&í &m*jzpfNyD;? psmefavsmum xdkolrESihfawGUqHk vlxGufysufpD; oGm;avonf/

(2) jrif í &m*jzpf u m ysuf p D ; yH k oD[Vkd u f Re;f ü tm*EÅKO;D yÍÆi;f uav;wpfyg;onf &Gmwpf&mG wGif qGr;f cH&m? qGr;f avmif;ol trsKd ;orD;uav;onf xdOk ;D yÍÆi;f udjk rifvQijf rif jcif; pGJvef;oGm;NyD;? olYudkrSr&ygu ao&ygrnf[k rdbwdkYudk ajymqdk\/ zcifjzpfolonf OD;yÍÆif;av;tm;awGUqHkNyD; xdktaMumif;udk ajymjyí? tdrfodkYvdkufcJh&ef awmif;yefav\/ OD;yÍÆif;uav;u onf;cH yg[k wm;jrpfNyD;vQif rdrdae&if;&yf&GmodkY jyefoGm;av\/ trsKd ;orD;uav;onf cspjf cif;aomujzihf (7) &ufajrmufvQif aoqHk;oGm;\/ ¤if;\ psmyewGif olr0wfqifaom t0ga&mifqm'D t0wfudk vSL\/ &[ef;BuD;wpfyg;onf xdkt0ga&mifqm'Dpudk rJus&,l NyD;? OD;yÍÆif;uav;&Sd&modkY a&muf&Sdvm\/ OD;yÍÆif;uav;u xdkt0ga&mifqm'Dpudk tb,fu&&SdcJhyg oenf;[k ar;&mrSpí? &[ef;Bu;D u taMumif;pHak jymjycsuu f kd od&aom tcg ]]atmf..? ighudk toufay;NyD; cspf&SmwJh 'umrav;eJYrS raygif; zuf&avjcif;}} [k aemifwcsppf w d v f eG u f í J &ifueJG mjzihf csucf si;f aoqH;k oGm;av\/ (3) pum;vuf q H k u sí &m*jzpf u m ysuf p D ; yH k vuf&Sdavmuü xdktjzpftysufrsm; xif&Sm;vS\/ bkef;BuD; vlxGuf 0w¬Kwdkif;wGif? wumrESihf awGUqHk;pum;ajymcJhMu&mrS pcJhonf csnf;yif rsm;vSonf/ (4) twl w G J o H k ; aqmif í &m*jzpf u m ysuf p D ; yH k oD[dkVfuRef;ü r&Dp0¥dausmif; a&pufcstvSLyGJBuD;ü &[ef; omraPwpfodef;? &[ef;r omraPr udk;aomif;wdkY vma&mufMu\/ wpf&ufü t½kPf,m*kavmif;&m? (7) ESpfom; udk&ifav;onf oydwfyl vGef;í rudkifEdkifjzpfae\/ xdktcg (7) ESpforD; omraPruav;u ol\cGuif ,fuav;udk oydwaf tmufucHí rçEdik &f ef ay;vSL\/ xdu k &kd if uav;ESifh omraPruav;wdkYum; þrQavmufom twlawGUBuHK oHk;aqmifvkdufMu&onf/ xdkYaemuf 0gawmf (60) &Sd &[ef;tdkBuD;? 0gawmf (60) &Sd bdu©KeDrtkdBuD;wdkYtjzpfodkY a&mufMuaomtcg olwdkYESpfOD;onf tdE´d,ü jyefvnfqHkawGUMuav\/ xdktcg olwdkYi,f&G,fpOftcsdefu ausmif;wifyGJtaMumif;/ oydwfylí atmufcHcGufi,fuav;vSLyHk? ,lyHktaMumif;rsm; pum;pyfrd ajymrdomG ;Mu\/ odEYk iS hf &[ef;tdBk u;D u ]]tJ'pD Ofu ud&k ifuav;u igbJ [}} [kajym\/ bdu©LeDrBuD;uvnf; ]]cGufvSLwJh omraPruav;u wynfhawmfrav}} [k qdkav\/ &[ef;tdkBuD;u qufvufí ]]atmf..? ax&DrBuD;vSLwJhcGuf uav;u 'D c G u f u av; r[k w f v m;..}} [k a jymum? w½d k w ao odrf;qnf;xm;aom cGufuav;wpfvHk;udk xkwfjyav\/ tvGeef uf½iId ;f pGmaom tcspo f aH ,mZOftxdr;f trSwyf pön;f udk ESpfaygif;ckepfq,fausmf trGeftjrwfodrf;qnf;xm;&mrS xkwfazmfjyo pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

DHAMMA TALKS

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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

um,*wmowdta&;BuD;yHkudk edAÁmefESifY trsdK;rsdK;csdefxdk;jyjcif; oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) um,*wdowd[o l nfrmS ? vlaumifBu;D vlcY E¨mud, k Bf u;D udk 32yHk pkyí kH ydik ;f jcm;pdyjf zmrSwo f m;ay;aom "r®reS af jymif; (owd) jzpfygonf/ xdkowdrSefajymif;jzihf vlYcE¨mudk,fBuD;udk aphikaocsmavhvm Munhf½Iaomtcg vlaumifvlYcE¨mBuD; aysmufoGm;av\/ a,musfm;? rdef;r? ig? olwpfyg;toGifawGtm;vHk; aysmufoGm;av\/ qHyif? arT;nif;? ajconf;? vufonf;? oGm;? ta&paom tpktaygif; (32) rsdK;wdkYudk txift&Sm;awGUjrif&\/ trdIufo½dkuf? tcGHtum &GHp&mwawG usufoa&r&Sdaom tpktaygif; (32) yHkudkom jrifae&aomtcg ig[laomtxifjyKwfoGm; \/ ol[al omtxifjyKwo f mG ;\/ tpkwt f Eky?f t,kww f rm? csmawvH? tHcsifp&m? &GHcsifp&mtwd&Sdaom taumifpkwf? taumifykyf? taumif ,kwf[k xifvmjrifvm\/ xdkrSwpfqihf ½kyfemrfwdkY\tjzpftysuf tjrifrSef awG aoaocsmcsmjzpfay:vmapayonf/ xdk (32) yHk "mwfcaJG y;aom "r®reS af jymif; (owd) w&m;Bu;D um;? tb,frQta&;Bu;D onfukd cefrY eS ;f MunhEf ikd Mf urnfjzpfygonf/ vlwo Ykd nf xdk"r®rSefaMumif; um,*wmowdw&m;BuD;udk twlyGm;rsm;oihfvSay onf/ qnf;yl;avhvmoihfayonf/ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfoihfayonf/ ¤if;um,*wmowdw&m;BuD;udk edAÁmefw&m;awmfBuD;ESihf ,SOfuyfcsdefxdk;í jyyHkrsm;udk Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;onf enf;vrf;rsdK;pHk? pum;oH;k EIe;f yHt k oG,o f , G w f jYkd zihf tb,fuo hJ Ykd a[mazmfñeT jf yawmfro l nf udk okweå yf #d uwf t*Fw k &å edum,ygVdawmfwiG f tao;pdwaf zmfjyonfukd atmufwGif xyfqihfwifjyvdkuf&ygonf/ um,*w mowd t a&;BuD ; yH k u d k ed A Á m ef E S i h f c sd e f x d k ; jyyH k r sm; um,*wmowd (1) um,*wmowdukd roH;k aqmifaomolwo Ykd nf edAmÁ eftNrKd uf udk roHk;aqmifukefaom olwdkYaywnf;/ um,*wmowdudk oHk;aqmifolwdkYonf edAÁmeftNrdKufudk oHk;aqmifaom olwdkYaywnf;/ (2) um,*wmowdudk roHk;aqmifzl;ygu? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk oH;k aqmiftyfb;l onfrrnf/ um,*wmowd u d k oH k ; aqmif b l ; ygrS ? ed A Á m ef t Nrd K uf u d k oHk;aqmiftyfbl;onfrnf\/ (3) um,*wmowdukd qkw, f w k af ptyfygu edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd qkwf,kwfaptyfonfrnf\/ um,*wmowdudk rqkwf,kwfaptyfygrl? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk rqkwf,kwfaptyfonfrnf\/ (4) um,*wmowdukd cRwf,Gif;vGJacsmfaptyfygu? edAÁmef tNrdKufudk cRwf,Gif;vGJacsmfaptyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdudk rcRwf,Gif;rvGJacsmfaptyfygrl? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk rvGJacsmfaptyfonfrnf\/ (5) um,*wmowdudk arhavsmholwdkYonf edAÁmeftNrdKufudk arhavsmholwdkYaywnf;/ ,if;owdukd rarhravsmo h w l o Ykd nf edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd rarhavsmh

aomolwdkYaywnf;/ (6) um,*wmowdukd arhaysmufaptyfygu? edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd arhaysmufaptyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdudk rarhraysmufaptyfygrl? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk rarh raysmufaptyfonfrnf\/ (7) um,*wmowdudk rrSD0Jtyfygu? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk rrSD0J tyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdukd rS0D t J yfygu? edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd rS0D t J yfonfrnf\/ (8) um,*wmowdukd ryGm;rsm;ygu edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd ryGm;rsm; tyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdukd yGm;rsm;tyfygu edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd yGm;rsm;tyfonf rnf\/ (9) ,if;owdudk tzefzefravhvmtyfygu? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk tzefzefravhvmtyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdudktzefzefavhvmtyfygu? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk tzef zef avhvmtyfonfrnf\/ (10) um,*wmowdudk xl;aomÓPfjzihf rodtyfygu? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk xl;aomÓPfjzihfrodtyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdudk xl;aomÓPfjzihfodtyfygu? edAÁmeftNrdKufudk xl;aomÓPfjzihf odtyfonfrnf\/ (11) um,*wmowdukd ykid ;f jcm;í rodtyfygu? edAmÁ eftNrKd uf udk ydkif;jcm;í rodtyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdukd ydik ;f jcm;í rodtyfygu? edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd ydik ;f jcm; í odtyfonfrnf\/ (12) um,*wmowdukd rsuaf rSmufrjyKtyfygu? edAmÁ eftNrKd uf udk rsufarSmufrjyKtyfonfrnf\/ ,if;owdukd rsuaf rSmufjyKtyfygu edAmÁ eftNrKd uu f kd rsuaf rSmuf jyKtyfonfrnf\/ tm;BuD ; aomtajccH t aMumif ; w&m;BuD ; þodv Yk Qif um,*wmowdonf tm;Bu;D aomtajccHtaMumif; jzpf\/ edAÁmefonf xdktaMumif;aMumihf odjrif&aomw&m;BuD;jzpf\/ um,*wmowdurkd odoo l nf edAmÁ efukd rodo/l ,if;owdukd rpm;oH;k &olonf edAmÁ eft&omudk rpm;oH;k &ol/ ,if;owdEiS v fh u JG edAmÁ ef ESifhvGJNyD;om;/ ,if;owdudk rrSD0Jolonf edAÁmefudk rSD0JEdkifbkdYu ta0;BuD; a0;&avoljzpfonf pojzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf ,if;um,*wm owdukd edAmÁ ef&zdt Yk wGuf ta&;Bu;D vSaMumif;jzihf a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ &nf ñ T e f ; (1) okwåefyd#uwf? t*Fkwå&edum,ygVdawmf? y|rtkyf? ESm 47- 48/ (2) rH&k mG NrKd U? ta&SUv,fwaD usmif;wdu k ?f t*¾r[my@dw b'´EÅ uk@v\ r[mokw'DyeDusrf; ('kwd,wGJ)/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

pkaygif;xm;jcif;onf ta&moHa,m*jzpf\/ [if;csuNf y;D aemuf [if;tr,frsm;ukd [if;tk;d ü pk a ygif ; xm;jcif ; onf wpf o m;wnf ; tpk taygif; or0g,jzpf\/ ta&moHa,m*wGif qef E S i f h o H a &maES m xm;ovk d tr,f r sm;ES i f Y ywf o uf í bmrQ xl ; jcm;rI x G u f a y:rvm/ [if;tr,frsm;twkdif;yif oD;jcm;pDoD;jcm;pD jzpf\/ tpktaygif; wpfom;wnf; or0g, wG i f atmuf q D * sif E S i f h [k d u f N 'd K *sif p k a ygif ; xm;aomtcg ]]a&}}tjzpf xl;jcm;rIxGufay: vmovkd [if;tr,frsm;ESifY ywfoufívnf; ]][if ; }}tjzpf xl ; jcm;rI x G u f a y:vm\/ ,if ; xl ; jcm;rI u m; [if ; tr,f wpf r sKd ; pD wpfrsKd;pDr&dSbJ tm;vkH;aygif;rS xGufay:vm aom[if;yifjzpf\/ xkdenf;twlyif cE¨mig;yg;ukdtpk taygif ; wpf o m;wnf ; taejzif h pk a ygif ; xm;aomtcg xl;jcm;rIwpfckxGufay:vm\/ ,if ; xl ; jcm;rI u d k b0[l í vnf ; aumif ; ? yk * ¾ K d v f o wå 0 g[l í vnf ; aumif ; ac:&\/ trS e f t m;jzif h [if ; tr,f r sm;uk d rcsuf b J pkaygif; vkduf½kHESifY [if; rjzpfvmovkd cE¨m ig;yg;ukd pkaygif;vkduf½kHrQ ESifYvnf; b0[lí vnf ; aumif ; ? owå 0 g[l í vnf ; aumif ; jzpfrvmEkdifacs/ xkdaMumifY b0wGifyg0ifaomcE¨m ig;yg;wko Yd nfum;b0(okrYd [kw)f twå(okrYd [kw)f yk * ¾ K d v f (ok d Y r [k w f ) owå 0 gtjzpf o k d Y a &muf atmif tEko,udavomrsm;? uHrsm;jzifhpk aygif;xm;aom cE¨mig;yg;wkdYjzpfMu\/ cE¨ m ig;yg;wG i f ½k y f y g0if \ / ½k y f onfvnf; ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mrsm;ukdjynfhpkHatmif awmif h w \/ ,if ; \ awmif h w csuf r sm;rS m aumif;aumif;pm;zkdU aumif;aumif;0wfzkdY? aumif;aumif;aezkdU? usef;rmzkdUjzpf\/ þ av;rsK;d jynfph aHk tmif b0½kyyf idk ;f u awmifw h \/ awmif h w onf h t avsmuf vl o nf a qmif &Guf&\/ trS e f t m;jzif h ½k y f y k d i f ; qk d i f & m awmifhwrIrsm;onf b0wGif tajccHtusqkH; jzpf \ / tajccH t usqk H ; jzpf a omf v nf ; jrifhjrwfrIwefzkd;t&qkd&vQif tedrfhqkH;jzpf\/ tedrfhqkH;jzpfaomfvnf;avmuwGif tcsKdUol rsm;u tjrifhqkH;tjzpfowfrSwfMu\/ yd#uwfawmfrsm;wGifvnf; qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;[lí ½kyfykdif;qkdif&m qE´ ukdav;rsKd;owfrSwfxm;yg\/ okdY&mwGif ,if; av;rsKd;ukd tjrifhqkH;yef;wkdiftjzpf owfrSwf

xm;jcif;r&Sd/ taxmuftyHY avScg;tjzpfom owfrSwfyg\/ xkdYaMumifYavmuwGif tpm;? t0wf? taeESifYaq;0g;rsm;ukd jynfhpkHatmif zef w D ; ay;½k H r QES i f h b0wm0ef u k d a usyG e f p G m aqmif ½ G u f j cif ; jzpf o nf [ l í rrS w f , l t yf / tu,fírSwf,lvQif vlYb0onf wd&pämefb0 ES i f h t xl ; wvnf bmrQjcm;em;jcif ; r&S d [ l í rSwf,l&ma&mufyg\/ xkdYaMumifY ,if;t,lukd tMurf;qkH; t,l[lívnf;aumif;? twåvGeft,l[lí vnf;aumif;qkd&\/ twåvGeft,l [lorQ onfavmuukdwpfenf;enf;jzifh tEÅ&m,fjyK onf c snf ; jzpf \ / twå v G e f 0 g'jzif h a vmu twGuf rnfokdYyifaumif;atmifvkyfapumrl avmutay:twå & d y f u vT r f ; rk d ; aeojzif h avmuonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQNidrf;csrf;rIukd &Ekdifrnfr[kwfacs/ twå&dyf vTrf;rkd;jcif;[l onfrSm rnfonfhae&müjzpfjzpf ]]ig}}\tcef; u@ukd ukd,fpm;jyKjcif;jzpf\/ ½kyfykdif;qkdif&m b0qE´\txufü a0'emykdif;qkdif&mb0qE´onf&Sdavao;\/ trSeftm;jzifh vl[lonfaumif;aumif;pm;? aumif;aumif;0wf? aumif;aumif;ae? use;f use;f rmrm&Sd½kHrQESifh aysmfcsifao;\/ yg;csifao;\/ b0ud k pd w f c srf ; csrf ; omomjzif h t qk H ; owf csif\/ xkdYaMumifh avmuvlom;rsm;aysmf½Tif csr;f;ajrU&avatmif aysmfyGJ&TifyGJrsm;? aw;*Dw rsm;?tEkynm&yfrsm;udk zefwD;ay;½kHrQESifhvnf; obm0wm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmaqmif½Gufay; &mra&mufao;/ trSeftm;jzifh vlonfrdrd\ ouf wrf;ukd ukd,fcsrf;ompGmjzifhomru pdwfcsr;f ompGmjzifhtqkH;owfvkdyg\/ xkdokdYrdrd\b0udk pd w f c srf ; ompG m jzif h tqk H ; owf c sif o nf r S m a0'emykdif;qkdif&m b0qE´jzpf\/ xkdqE´t& vlonf rdru d , dk w f idk v f nf;aysm&f iT f csr;f om atmif tm;xkwf\/ avmutwGufvnf; aysmf&Tif csrf;ajrUatmif aqmif½Gufjcif;onf b0qE´ ig;rsKd;teuf wpfrsdK;omjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh xk d b 0qE´ wpf r sd K ;t& aysmf & T i f c srf ; ajrU atmiftm;xkwfjcif;onf b0\ tjrifhqkH; yef;wkdifr[kwf/ b0\ tjrifhqkH; yef;wkdifokdY csDwuf&mü 'kwd,avScg;omjzpf\/ a0'emykdif;qkdif&m b0qE´\txufü onmyk d i f ; qk d i f & mb0qE´ o nf & S d a o;\/ ,if ; qE´ t & vl o nf pd w f c srf ; om? uk d , f csrf;omjzifh aexkdif&½kHESifh rdrd\b0ukdrdrdu auseyfaeonfr[kwf? todynm twwf ynmwk d Y E S i f h jynf h p k H c sif a o;\/ xk d Y a Mumif h

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COVER FEATURE

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17

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18

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19

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'Dtom;[m rlvobm0rysufpOfrSm {uefa&qefEdkif xdktcg oufqdkifonhfyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf vlBuD;olrrsm; owday; rnf[k ,HkMunfqHk;jzwfí Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmf xkvkyfylaZmfavonfqdk\/ ñTeMf um;onhf tpOftvmtwdik ;f uefawmhyrJG sm;jzihf ylaZmfawmif;yefMu wzef &efukefNrdKU ouFef;uRef;rS wumOD;oif;qdkolonfvnf; aomtcg azmfjyyga&wGif epfjrKyaf ysmufu, G o f mG ;aom ewfuRe;f wH;k Bu;D ]]xdu k Re;f yifBu;D onf ewfuRe;f jzpfí wefc;kd tmedoif&adS yonf[k ,HMk unf onf Munhf½IaeMuaom y&dowftrsm;a&SUwGifyif? a&v,fü axmif ojzihf? rdrdüusa&mufavh&Sdaom tEÅ&m,frsm;rS umuG,fay;Edkif&ef vsufom; ay:vmonfqdk\/ &nf&, G í f ? ewfbv D ;l ½kyx f v k yk u f m aetdrüf xm;onfq\ kd / xdek wfbv D ;l odEYk iS fh ¤if;ewfuRe;f wH;k Bu;D udk tjcm;opfw;kH rsm;tv,f azmifzUJG ½kyfuav;xm;onfhtcsdefrSpí ol\aetdrfwGif tEÅ&m,frsm; txl;yif csnfvsuf csif;wGif;jrpfaMumtwdkif; rHk&GmNrdKUodkYo,faqmifvmcJhMuav uif;Nidrf;oGm;onf[k ¤if;udk,fwdkifu ajymjyonfqdk\/ \/ rHk&GmNrdKUodkYa&muf&Sdaomtcg tvHkopfpuf0if;ü OD;pGmopfcGJom;rsm; ]]usKyfawmhAsm..? udk,hftaMumif;eJYudk,f pdwfnpfp&mawG tjzpf ydkif;jzwfxkwfvkyf&ef rsOf;rsm;ay;NyD; pufpifwGif wifxm;Mu\/ uvJ cPcPjzpf? tdrfudkvJ olcdk;cPcPtcdk;cH&eJY pdwful;aygufNyD; xdkaeY nzufodkYa&mufaomtcg oufqdkifolvlBuD;rsm;tm; tJ'eD wfuRe;f a&qefom;udk ewfbv D ;l ½kyx f x k m;wm/ olrsm;wumawGu tdyfrufay;ívnf;aumif;? vltrsm;Mum;Muavmufatmif toHjyKjcif; bk&m;½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfxkvkyfNyD; udk;uG,fylaZmfMuw,fqdkawmh? usKyf wdkYjzihfvnf;aumif; xdkewfuRef;wHk;BuD;u owday;onfqdk\/ vkyfrdwmrsm; tjypfrsm;jzpfaervm;vdkY oHo,jzpfNyD;? em*vdkPf*l ]]rif;wdkY bk&m;xkr,fqdkNyD; 'gu bmvkyfMuwmvJ}} [laom bdkuav;0q&mawmfBuD;qDrSm tJ'Dtom;&SdvdrhfOD;rvm;? eJeJavmuf toHrsm;udkyg Mum;Mu&ojzihf? xdkewfuRef;wHk;BuD;udk rcGJrpdyf&JMuawmhyJ awmif;NyD; bk&m;xkudk;uG,fOD;rSbJvdkY tBuHeJY tbdk;bk&m;xHa&mufvmcJh tpDtpOfjyKvkyfMuvsuf rEÅav; &wemyHkaejynfawmfodkY ydkYaqmifapcJh &w,f}} [k ajymjyonfqdkonf/ NyD;? bk&m;½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;rsm; xkvkyfMu&ef pDpOfcJhMuonfqdk\/ ¤if;jyif? ,ckrHk&GmNrdKU AdrmefawmfBuD;ü ylaZmfxm;&Sdaom Ak'¨½kyf ¤if;ewfuRe;f jrwftwH;k Bu;D udk txnfu, kd rf v l twdik ;f obm0 yGm;awmfjrwfBuD;udk rEÅav;NrdKU bk&m;BuD;wdkuf '*kefausmif;wGif acwå rysuf tvH;k vdu k ?f atmufajcyv’icf ckH v H suf Ak'½¨ yk yf mG ;awmfxq k pfyal Zmf ylaZmfxm;&SdpOfu? tcgwpfyg; aq;"mwfrsm;udkifwG,favhvmaom av&m? opfvHk;BuD;\ ESpfydkif;wpfydkif;udk &ifywfawmfrS jzwfvSD;cGJpdwfcJh q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; a&muf&SdvmNyD; xdk½kyfyGm;awmfjrwfBuD;udk ylaZmf &onfqdk\/ ouúm&jyKNyD;aemuf ¤if;½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;a&SUü ykwD;pdyfaomtcg tm½Hkrd ewfuRef;opfvHk;BuD;\ xl;jcm;qef;jym;onfrSm tjyifzuf NyD; '*kefausmif;bkef;BuD;tm; xl;qef;aompum;rsm;jzihf rdefYMum;onf tacgufay:&Sd tzkvHk;BuD;rsm;\ae&matmufajcrsm;wGif proP²mef qdk\/ tu©&mrsm; yg&Sdaeonfudkvnf; yHkpHrsdK;pHkjzihf awGU&SdMu&onfqdkonf/ 'D½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;rSm tapmifhta&SmufawG&Sdw,f? udk,fawmf odkYjzpfaeaomaMumihf ¤if;ewfuRef;opfvHk;BuD;tm; ydkif;jzwfxkqpf&mü b,fuaeyihfaqmifvmwmvJ/ b,ftom;eJY xkxm;wmvJ ponfh zJ h y pf v k d u f & aom tom;ptao;ti,f u av;rsm;rS r usef a tmif ar;cGe;f rsm;jzihf ar;aom[l\/ xdt k cg '*keb f ek ;f Bu;D u ½kyyf mG ;awmfBu;D ESifh vlwumwdkYu awmif;,lylaZmfcJhMuonfqdk\/ ywfouforQ taMumif;pHkwdkYudk ajymjyav&m? xdkq&mawmfBuD;rSm ydkí xdkpOf ¤if;ewfuRef;opfjrwf&wemjzihfxkvkyfylaZmfcJhaom ydkí MunfndKylaZmfaeonhftjzpfESihf BuHKawGUcJh&onfqdk\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;½kyyf mG ;qif;wkawmfjrwfBu;D wpfqu l kd &efuek af wmifOuúvm xdkrEÅav;bk&m;BuD;wdkuf '*kefausmif;wGif acwåudef;0yfpOf y ZmvDawmifArd mefBu;D ü wkid ;f odjynfod ud;k uG,yf al Zmfxm;&Scd ahJ vonf/ ½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;ü csxm;aoma&Taq;rsm; tufuGJuGmusNyD; atmufcH xd½k yk yf mG ;awmfBu;D \ &ifywfawmf a&SUydik ;f cGo J m;udk ESpyf ikd ;f xyf uRef;om;ay:wGif prtu©&mrsm; xif&Sm;pGmazmif;<uNyD; ay:vmcJhonf jzwfí? tzsm;ydkif;udk "r®puúrkj'm ½kyfyGm;awmfwpfql xkvkyfNyD;? &efukef udkvnf; zl;awGUcJh&aMumif;jzihf xdk½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;rSwfwrf;wGif zwf½I&yg NrdKU wHwm;uav; em*vdkPf*l? uav;0q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ausmif; onf/ pmrsuf E S m 22 ok d Y Ak'¨0d[m&*E¨uk#dwdkufü ylaZmfxm;&SdcJhygonf/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

v,fweD , d

NIYAMA DIPANI OR MANUA by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED From the Pa-l.i, By Revised and Edited by Mrs. C.A.F The Residuum Translated by VEN (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) ynwf E S i h f y&rwf c G J y H k t us,f oHoydwf[laom pum;ü or®Kwdopömtvdktm;jzihf oHonf yifvQif oydwçf oydwo f nfyifvQif oH? oHEiS o hf ydwçf oydwEf iS o fh H ruGjJ ym; Mu[lí ajymMuukefvwåHU/ y&rw¬opöm tvkdtm;jzihf oHonf oydwf r[kw/f oydwo f nf oHr[kw/f oHum; wpfjcm;? oydwu f m; wjcm;[lí ajym&rnf/ ,kwådrlum; oH\teufum; oHom;wnf;/ oydwf\teuf um; 0ef;0ef;0dkif;0dkif; xifjrif&aom oP²meynwfwnf;/ xdkYaMumihf oH[laom trnfonf tdk;jzpfap? cGufjzpfap? "m;rç aygufqdefjzpfap? oHom;&S&d mtvH;k pHw k üYkd tukev f u dk \ f / oydw[ f al omtrnfonf oHukd vkyfonfjzpfap? ajrudkç a&Tudkç aiGudk vkyfonfjzpfap? xdkoP²mefrsdK; &Sd&mwdkYü tukefvkduf\/ oHtrnf&Sd&m wdkif;wdkYü oydwftrnfrvdkuf? oydwt f rnf&&dS mwdik ;f wdüYk oHtrnfrvdu k /f xdo k o H ydwu f ykd if zsuq f ;D í tdk;ç cGufponf jyKvkyfcJhaomf oHtdk;ç oHcGufponfjzihf oHtrnfonf om vku d \ f / xdo k yH ifjzpfaomfvnf; oP²mefwpfrsKd ;ajymif;a&GUí oGm;cJh vQif oydwt f rnf rvku d Ef ikd Nf y/D xdaYk Mumifh tbd"r®mtvdt k m;jzihf xdo k H oydwfrSmyif oHonf oydwfr[kwf? oydwfonf oHr[kwf? oHum; wpfjcm;? oydwfum;wpfjcm;? oH\teufum; oHom;wnf;/ oydwf\ teufum; oP²mefwnf;/ oHom;onf oP²mefr[kwf? oP²mefonf oHom;r[kwf/ oHonfum; oydwfonfvkyfí jzpfvmonfr[kwf/ oHç ausmuf ponfwdkYrS jzpfvm\/ oP²mefonfrlum; oydwfonfvkyfrS jzpfay:vmaom tm*EÅKynwfBu;D aywnf;/ þodYk tbd"r®menf;tm;jzihf oHom;ESihf oP²mefudk ÓPfESifhcGJjcrf;vkdufonfjzpfaomf oP²mefonf oHuJhodkY trsdK;ZmwdESihf&Sdaom 0w¬KrsdK;r[kwf/ xdkodkYtrsdK;ZmwdESihf&Sdaom 0w¬KrsdK;r[kwfonhftwGuf oydwf[lír&Sd[k ajymqdkEdkifavownf;/ avmuü oef ; OoP² m ef ç oef ; jyoP² m ef ç qH y if o P² m ef ç arG ; n§ i f ; oP² m ef ç jrLrI e f o P² m ef ç oJ r I e f Y o P² m ef w d k Y r S p í ouf & S d o uf r J h t vH k ; pH k tuk e f o P² m ef toG i f xif j rif o rQwd k Y u d k oyd w f o P² m ef r sd K ;csnf ; rS w f a v/ opö m ES p f r sd K ;ç a0g[m&ES p f r sd K ; cGJenf;NyD;\/

(Continue from last week) EXPOSITIONS OF THE THREE WORLDS

Here we expound our system of the world under three headings.

(1) Physical Universe, (2) Things, and (3) Being (i.e, Person).

(1) By Physical Universe is meant the world conceived in spatial relation (oka-sa-loka), ___as something in which things and beings have their existence. Thus haven is the physical universe as regards celestial beings, earth is the physical universe as regards men, brutes, and things in general; and purgatory is the physical universe as regards infernal beings. It comprises the great earth, the great ocean, the circumjacent mountains. Mount Sineru in the centre, round which seven successive ranges of mountains intervened by the seven successive oceans of intense cold, the four great islands, many other smaller ones, and the six abodes of Devas, and the twenty abodes of Brahmas in vertical positions, such is termed one Spatial Universe or a Circular World-System (Cakkava-l.a), There are many other smaller world-system innumerable in number is all the eight directions of the present one.

We also find in the Tika-Anguttara at the Ananda-vagga, the three kinds of World-System, namely: (1) Small-thousandworld-system (Cu-l.asahassi ) which comprises one thousand Cakkavalasa, (2) Medium-thousand-world-system (Mojjh1masahassi) which comprise one million Cakka-val.as, (3) Greatthound-world-system (Maha-sahassi) which comprises one billion Cakka va-l.as.

There are also three other kinds of world system. (1) Ten-thousand-world system which is called the Realm of Existence (ja-tikhettal) and it means the Realm in which the Buddhas appear and all the Devas and Brahma-s therein form the audience of the Buddhas, (2) Great-thousand-world-system which is called the Realm of Influence (An.akhetta) and it means the Realm where the influence of the Parittas and the Buddhas pervade, and all the

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

wDe, d mr'DyeD

ANUAL OF COSMIC ORDER by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. l.i, By M. Barua. M.A., D. Litt, and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, M.A. D. Litt.

by VEN. U Nya-na., Pathamagyaw. tewå a yguf OyrmBuD ; oH k ; rsd K ; udk,foP²mefç acgif;oP²mefjzpfíaeMuukefaom ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJ "mwfw;kH "mwfcw J üYkd "mwfcyJG OkH yrmum;- owå0gonf wpfb0rSwpfb0 odYk ajymif;a&GUygoavmar;cJah omf ar;aomolonf ÓPfynmEHaYk omol jzpfcJhtHh? or®KwdopömrsdK;ESihf ajymqdk&m\/ ajzqdkyHkum;- ajymif;a&GUyg\/ ukodkvfw&m;udk tm;xkwfaomolonf aoonfrSaemufü ok*wdb0 odkY a&muf&onf/ ukodkvfw&m;udk tm;rxkwfaomolonf aoonfrS aemufü 'k*¾wdb0odkY a&muf&onf[lí ajzqdk&m\/ ÓPfynmxuf oefaomol jzpfcJhtHh/ t&mXmeodkYvkdufí or®Kwdopöm ESpfrsdK;ESifhaomf vnf; ajzqdk&m\/ y&rw¬opömESpfrsdK;ESihf ajzqdkyHkum;- owå0g[lí r&Sd? r&Sdaomowå0gudk t&Sdvkyfí ]]ajymif;a&GUonf? rajymif;a&GUonf}}[k ajymcGifhr&Sd/ ½kyf? emrfw&m;ESpfyg;om&Sd\/ xdkESpfyg;onfvnf; ,ck rsufarSmufb0rSmyif wpfXmeu wpfXmeodkY ajymif;a&GUjcif;r&SdMu/ jzpf&m jzpf&m XmeüyifvQif csKyfqHk;Mu\/ tb,frSm b0wpfyg;okdY ajymif ; a&T U Ed k i f r nf e nf ; / þb0ü jzpf y G m ;aomuk o d k v f u H ç tukodkvfuHaMumihf pkwd\ tjcm;rJhü b0wpfyg;rSm emrftopfç ½k y f t opf j zpf a y:av\/ þod k Y jzpf a y:onf u d k y if avmua0g[m&tm;jzih f ]]owå 0 gonf wpf b 0rS wpf b 0od k Y ajymif;a&TUonf[k ac:Mu&onf}} [lí ajzqdk&m\/ þt&mü Oyrmwpfcu k kd jyqdak ytH/h tvGeo f rd af rGUvSpmG aom oJwdkYudk vrf;BuD;wpfck vkyf&m\/ q,frdkifcefY&Snf\/ teHoHk;awmifç txkEpS af wmif&\ dS / þvrf;rBu;D ü or®Kwo d pömtm;jzihf ]]vrf;Bu;D wpfc&k dS \/ tvsm;ç teH txkrnfrQ&Sd\/ rnfonhf&GmrS rnfonhf&GmodkY a&muf \/ rnfonhfae&mü ajzmihf\? rnhfonhfae&mü aumuf\? auGU\? rdaYk rmuf\? edr½hf iId ;f \}}- [lí ajymay&m\/ tbd"r®menf;tm;jzihf ajymrl um; vrf;[líyifr&S?d tvGeo f rd af rGUaom oJv;kH wdo Yk m &Su d ek \ f / oJyBkH u;D ç oJpkBuD;omjzpf\/ tvsm;ç teHç txkç trdkç tarmufç tedrfhç t½dIif;ç taumufç tauGU[lír&Sd? b,fXmeupí b,fXmeodkY a&mufonf[l í r&Sd/ þESifhtwl wpfckwpfckaom ½kyfw&m;ç emrfw&m;onfvnf; ,ckypöu©b0üyif b,fXmeu b,fXmeodkYa&mufonf[lír&Sd/ jzpf&m Xmeüom csKyf&\/ tb,frSm b0wpfyg;odkY ajymif;a&TUEdkifrnfenf;/

Devas and Brahmas therein accept it, (3) Infinite-world-system which is called the Realm of Object (Visaya-khetta) and it means the one which serves as the object of the Knowledge of the Buddhas.

There are three others also, (1) Sensual Plane (Kamadhatu). (2) Material Plane (Ru-padha-tu). (3) Immaterial Plane (Arupadhatu). The first comprises eleven Realms of Kama- the second sixteen of Ru-pa, and the third four of Aru-pa.

Four Stages are also expounded, (1) Sensual stage (Kamabhu-mi). (2) Material-stage (Ru-pa-bhu-mi). (3) Immaterial-stage (Aru-pa-bhu-mi), (4) Transcendental-stage (Lokuttara-bhu-mi).

The first three respetively comprise the Realms of Ka-ma, Ru-pa, and Aru-pa; and the last comprise the four Noble Paths, the four Noble Fruits and Nibba-na, the Uncondiioned.

(2) The term "Thing' is used in the sense of conditioned things in general (sankha-ra-loka). Things in this sense include plants: trees, creepers, bushes, shrubs, etc; metals, such as gold, silver, etc,: in shourt, all the natural sources we draw from and enjoy; the objects fashioned there from by men, such as houses, chariots, carriages, etc; and lastly, the things of intellectual creation, e.g, categories such as aggregates, senses objects, etc.

(3) By beings (satta) or person (puggala) we understand creatures generally: ___internal beings animals, sprits, demons, men, gods and Brahma-s, there are beings terrestial, aquatic, and aerial, oviparous, viviparous, moisture-sprung, and beings reborn without earthly parentage; beings without feel, bipeds, quadruped, and beings with many feet, beings with form and being without form, beings having perception and beings having no pereception and beings having neither-perceptionnor-nonperception. The world of Space and the words of Cretures are both included among the world of Things. But the things when classified distinctly and separately under the names of Realm and Creature have special names assigned to them, such as the 'Wold of Space' and the 'World of Creatures'.

We shall now explain the mode of existence (sant.hiti) in the physical universe. According to our theory, earth rests on

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

þOyrmü oJrIefYwdkYudk toD;toD;jyKí ½IarQmfvkdufonf&Sdaomf vrf;BuD; oP²mef uG,af ysmufavouJo h Ykd ajrrIeçYf ausmufreI w Yf u Ykd kd toD;toD;jyK í ½IarQmfvkdufonf&Sdaomf r[myx0DajrBuD;oP²mefç pMu0Vmawmifç jrihrf &kd af wmifç owå&befawmifoP²mefwo Ykd nfvnf; ÓPfütvGeu f , G f aysmufavuke\ f / ajrrIet Yf pkç ausmufreI t Yf pkwo Ykd m &SMd uuke\ f / opfyifç csHKEG,ftaygif;wdkYudkvnf; axmif;xkBudwfe,fí ½IcJhaomf olYoP²mefESihf ol olt Y rnfpk tukeu f , G af ysmufí ajrrIepYf w k o Ykd nfom use&f u dS ek v f wåUH / wpf c k w pf c k a om ½k y f w &m;ç emrf w &m;onf wpf X merS wpfXmeodYk ESr;f aphwpfcpk mrQ ajymif;a&TUjcif;r&S?d xGuo f ufcPü jzpfay: aom ½kyf? emrfpkonf 0ifoufcPodkY ra&muf? xGufoufcPüom csKyfukef\/ 0ifoufcPü jzpfay:aom emrfç ½kyfpkonf xGufoufcP odkY ra&muf? 0ifoufcPüomcsKyfukef\/ / csKyfyHkum;- pD;íae aom jrpfa&udk aphaph½I wvIyfvIyf w&G&Gaeonfudk jrif&\/ vIyfrIç &GrI[lonf ½kyfopfç ½kyfa[mif;ajymif;vJrIwnf;/ tbd"r®mü ½kyfopfç ½kyfa[mif;ç emrfopfç emrfa[mif;ajymif;vJrIudk avmuü vIyfonfç &Sm; onf[kac:\/ xdkjrpfa&txJrSm rvIyf&Sm;bJ wnfNidrfíaeaom a&rIefY i,fwpfcu k kd awGUatmif&mS av/ rvIyrf &Sm;bJ ESr;f aphcefrY Q Xmeajymif;a&TU Edik af omf a&rIeiYf ,fwpfcu k kd awGUatmif&mS av/ rvIy&f mS ;yJ toufwpf½I pmrQ cPajymif;a&TUEdkifaom a&rIefYi,fwpfckudk awGUatmif&Smav/ wnfNidrfonfudk rawGU? rwnfrNidrfw&G&Gaeonfudkom awGU&\/ jrpfa&wpfjyifvHk; w&G&Gaeonfudkom jrif&\/ jzpfrIç wnfrIç ysufrI oHk;ck&Sd\/ trlt&mwpfrsdK;wpfrsdK;ay:onfum; ½kyfuvmyfopfjzpfrI wnf;/ wpfrsdK;wpfrsdK; uG,fqHk;onfum; ½kyfuvmyfa[mif; csKyfysufrI wnf;/ jzpfay:rIç uG,fqHk;rI ESpfckwdkY\tMum;üjzpfay:onftwkdif; trl t&mrysufyJ wnfaeonfum; wnfrIwnf;/ tEkpdwfí taphtpyf Munhf½Ionf&Sdaomf jrpfa&wpfjyifvHk;rSm wnfrIudkyif &SmBuHír&/ jzpfrIç ysufrIESpfckudkom jrif&\/ ,cktcgü &efukefNrdKU odyÜHausmif;BuD;rsm;rSm i,fonfudkBuD; atmif zGiEhf ikd af tmif "mwfreS çf "mwfr;D ynmBu;D rsm;ESihf Munh½f aI omfvnf; wnfNird rf I XDcPudk yom'pu©KwiG f jrifEikd &f efr&S?d yuwdrsupf w d iG f rxif Edkifç jrifEdkifatmif odrfarGUvSaom jzpfrIç ysufrIwdkYudkrlum; xdkynm&SdBuD; rsm;ESihf Munhf½IvQif xif&Sm;pGmjrifMu&ukef\/ pD;aoma&wdkYü tqif;[l aom 0PÖ"mwf\ vIyf&Sm;rIudk jrifíjrifjcif;ç ysufjcif; vsifjrefrIudk od&\/ rpD;aom a&aowdkYürlum; a&ESifhtjynhf&Sdaeaom Owk[laom rD;"mwfBuD;onf ylaomtcg yl&Sdefw&G&G at;aomtcg at;&Sdefw&G&G w&Sdef&Sdef xvsufomae\/ rD;"mwfrnfonf wnfNidrfaom "mwfrsdK; r[kwf/ xdka&wGif;odkY oufqif;í pHkprf;vQif a&wGif;&Sd udk,ft*FgwdkYü a&yljzpfvQif yl&SdefawGw&G&G a&at;jzpfvQif at;&SdefawGw&G&G cdkufwdkuf xdk;qGí w&G&GaerIawGudk awGU&Sd&\/ xdka&uefwpfckvHk; aeYaeYnn

water beneath it, water rests on air, and air rests on open space (ajat.aka-sa-). This open space is infinite below and on all sides, It is illed with air without motion, which supports the great volume of air (atmosphere) above it; this supports in its turn the great volume of water; and that supports this great earth. It is said in the text: 'This great earth, Ananda, is established on water, water is established on air, air on space. A time comes. Ananda, when a mighty wind blows. This blowing causes commotion in the water; and the waters beings in commotion cause the earth to quake' (Digha-Nika-ya ii., 197; Dialogues ii 114) Next we deal with the coming into being and ceasting to be of the physical universe. The co-inherent quality of heat is the cause of birth, decay, and death of the phycial universe, the cause of its origination and cessation. As it is said in the Pa-l.i: 'What is the element of heat? It is that which heats, that which causes things to decay, that which consumes, and that through which things reach an entire change'. (Majjh1ma-Nika-ya i., 188422). Accordingly it is the co-inherent heat which is things ever causing co-existent thimging to burn, to decay, consuming them, changing them, and making them pass from one condition into another. The cold therm (sita-tejo) also determines the same effects in these matters. And it is now not necessary to say anything of the hot-therm (unha-tejo). It is quite clear.

As it is said in the Dhammasangan1- in the chapter of Matter: 'That which is the growth of sense spheres is the development of matter, and that which is the development of matter is the continuum of the same'. Birth may be classified into four divisions, birth, growth, development and continuum. Of these, birth means the first start of development of appearing things.

Development means the gradual exiension of the developing things. Continuum means the continuance of the developed and accumulated things. That is to say things continue in such quantity as they have developed and they neither increase nor decrease. After that, these matters, together with the element of fermenting heart (jiranatstejo) which causes the coexisten things to decay, gradually diminish at the stage of decay and disappear away at the final stage of death. (To be continue)

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w&Sed &f edS f w&G&aG eonfujkd rifEidk \ f / xdw k iG f yl&edS o f nf yHoyk x0DajrrsKd ;wdYk ü yGm;pD;\/ yHokyx0DajrBuD;ESifh opfyifcsHKEG,fwdkYrSm yl&SdefOwk yGm;pD;rIESihf aeYaeY nn w&Sdef&Sdefw&G&G &SdaeMuukef\/ at;&Sdefonf odvmyx0DrsdK; wdüYk yGm;pD;\/ atmufü odvmoyx0DajrBu;D ESihf jrihrf &kd af wmifç pMu0Vm awmifç owå&befawmifç [dr0EÅmawmifç ausmuf"mwfrsKd ;ç aMu;"mwfrsKd ;ç oH"mwfrsdK;wdkYonf at;&SdefOwk yGm;pD;rIESihf aeYaeYnn w&Sdef&Sdef w&G&G &SdaeMuukef\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

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(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

ud k , f h p d w f u d k pd k ; yd k i f c sif o&P*H k t vsif y G m ; o&P*Hkwnftm;BuD; txl;aumif;rGefvmacsaomf rdrdpdwf ,Ofaus;NyD; odrfarGUNyD; jzpf&um; rdrdpdwf rdrdtpdk;& ydkifqdkifcGihf&Sdvmacs \/ odkYaMumihf raemuHaomif;usef;rIab; uif;a0;ap\/ umr\ t&if;cHonf awG;awmBuHpnf&mrS pwif\/ xdak wG;awmBupH nfru I kd raemuHurS vufcu H m BupH nfo;kH oyf ray;awmhvQif aemufvdkuf um,uH 0pDuHrsm;vnf; aomif;usef;p&m vrf;p ray:vGifNyD/ ud, k Ef w I Ef v S ;kH oH;k yg;vH;k udk ydik u f sKH ;tpd;k &aeoltzdYk wpfavmu vHk;udkvnf; ydkifusHK;tpdk;&cGihf vTrf;rdk;cGihf&&Sdawmhonfom/ þü oDvESihf o&P*Hk[lí ESpfrsKd;&SdMuav&mwGif.. (u) o&P*Hkonf pdwfwGif;x<u y&d,kXmeac: udavom tawG;tqrsm;udk zdcsESdyfuGyfjcif;udk wm0efcH\/ (c) oDvum; ud, k x f d EIwv f eG f uRx H u G v f maom 0dwu d rú ac: udavo&rf; xdkaomif;usef;rsm;udk Nidrf0yfydjym;ap&mü wm0efcH\/ rarhravsmh raygYrqaom tyÜrm' owdjzihf xdxdrdrd o&P*Hk yGm;&So d \ l pdwo f nf ta[mif;udv k nf; rawG;rd topfov Ykd nf; ajy;rodrNd y/D pdwfonf tm½Hkwpfckwpfckü tpESihftqHk;rQcsnf;om odcGihf &ae&m ud a vomwd k Y rpnf ; ½H k ; omawmh & um; xd k u d a vomES i h f xdkpdwfrcsdwfrdMuawmhNyD/ xdo k aYkd om o&P*Ho k nf oDvaMumihf ud, k Ef w I Ef v S ;kH oH;k yg;vH;k wdkYodkY udavomuyfcGihf r&avaomtcg... vl\ vlYowdåjzpfaom yifudkpdwfonf udk,f0,faecGihf&acsNyD/ xdkvlYyifudkpdwf 0ifaeoltzdkY t&m&mwGif pdwfoabmxm;BuD;jrifhpGmjzihf cGihfvTwfEkdifawmhonfom wpfzufodkY wef;wlxm;vdkpdwf 0ifae&awmh& um; rnfoEl iS fh qufqq H ufqH El;nHo h rd af rGU[efay:vGiaf eawmhonfom/ xdo k \ l onf;cHwwfro I nf cGiv fh w T rf yI gaom onf;cHrI wnf;/ xdkol\ arwåmxm;wwfrIonf udk,fcsif;pm tn§mygaom arwåm"mwfoufrw I nf;/ xdo k \ l opömpum;onf used pf mrwdu k af om wJw h ;kd vdu k f trSef pum;oufoufcsnf;wnf;/

uH v H k v Qif a&0if o nf prf ; a&onf opf & d y f a wm&d y f w d k Y j zih f at;aomajrrS o m ay:xGe;f \/ arwåmonfvnf; bk&m;t&dyf w&m;t&dyfwdkYjzihf at;aom pdwfrSom ay:xGef;\/ o&P*Hkwnfojzihf udk,fusihfoDvNrJolü uHoHk;yg;pvHk;yif vHk\/ ,if;uHvHkrIaMumihf ¤if;\ xH(oEÅmef)wGif udavomab;rSa0;í at;aom "r®owdåonf udef;wnfacsawmh\/ tat;"mwfvGefuJol\ xdkarwåmonfom yrmtm;jzihf ajrrIefwdkYudk a&ü taeMumapNyD; &THUEGHtjzpfodkY a&mufavaomtcg avmufpmtjzpf vHk;vsufu ypfrSwfodkY wnfhwnfh csed &f , G yf pfvw T v f u kd yf rkH sK;d odYk jzefyY cYkd &H avol\ txHoYkd wnhw f nfu h sjcif;? at;vsufu usjcif;? vTrf;NcHKodrf;ydkufrdvsufu usjcif;rsm;jzihf ysHUESHYUap wwf\/ rdb\ om;orD;rsm;tay:xm;&Sad om arwåmrsK;d onf "r®"mwf tm;jzihf rGrf;rHxm;aom xdkarwåmrsKd;rSwyg; tjcm;ü r&Sdacs/ rdb\ arwåmonf om;orD;rsm;tay: csifjcif;wyfruf&m* pdwftrnf;pufjzifh owfuGufazmfavhr&Sd/ rd b \ arwå m onf om;orD ; rsm;tay: tmCmwzuf a'gopdwf trnf;pufjzihf trsufxGufavhr&Sd/ xdkarwåmrsKd;rSwpfyg; vifcspf r,m;cspfponfh arwåmxm;rI rsm;onf udk,fhtBudKuf olYü&SdaeaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? olYtBudKuf vnf; udk,fhxHü&SdaeaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? tBudKuftBudKufcsif;nd§ tNidtNidcsif;NydKifMuum i,fEkdifudkifaeMujci;frQjzpf&m tBudKufr&Sdawmh í tNidajyoGm;aomtcg arwåmqdkaomt&m olYrSmr&Sdawmhygacs/ odkYaMumihf xdkarwåmonf arwåmppfr[kwf/ wpfzef.... xdk vifcspf r,m;cspfarwåmrsKd;udk... tzonf orD;tay:0,f rxm;Ekdifjcif;? orD;onfvnf; xdktz tay: rxm;Ekdifjcif;/ trdonf om;tay:0,f rxm;Ekdifjcif;? om;uvnf; xdktrd tay: rxm;Ekdifjcif;? armif o nf ES r tay: rxm;wwf j cif ; ? ES r uvnf ; xdkarmiftay: rxm;wwfjcif;? ponfrsm;aMumihf xdkarwåmonf arwåmppf r[kwfacs/ rdbonf udk,fhom;orD;tay: arwåmxm;&mü...

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

24

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ bk&m;&Sif a0ae,stay:xm;aom arwåmpdwEf iS fh wef;wlom

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ ukd,fukd ESpf&ma&mufaom tukokdvfonf tav;omaeonfjzpfygtH/h ,aeYrpS í pOf;pm; Ny;D jyifqifyg/ igjzwfoef;cJhaom tcsdefrsm;pGmonf tukov kd af wGursm;cJí h ighuidk g ESpo f vdjk zpfc&hJ ih g uk d i gcspf w wf w J h vl w pfa,muf NyD? 'Dawmh jzpf a tmif 'D a eY u pNyD ; uk o k d v f a wG u k d jyKvk y f r S jzpf a wmh r ,f / aeY p Of e J Y t rQ ig&S m azG a eorQ[m igh u k d , f u sKd ; twG u f v d k Y xifNyD; vkyfcJhrdw,f/ ighukd igcspfvkdYvkyfae wmvk d Y xif c J h r d w ,f / wu,f w rf ; awmh igh u k d i gcspf w mr[k w f b J igh u k d i gES p f z k d Y v k y f aewmygvm;vk d Y t jrif r S e f a v;&atmif BuKd ; pm;Munh f v k d u f y g/ oifonf rdru d , dk u f rdk rd d cspw f wfvm olwpfOD; jzpfvmayvdhrfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYvlom; tm;vk H ; onf ao&rS m uk d aMumuf M uyg\/ raocif t csd e f r sm;rS m awmh vl r I u d p ö a ygif ; rsm;pGmukd ukd,fykdiftvkyfawGxifNyD; BuKd;BuKd; pm;pm;aqmif&GufMuonf/ aojcif;w&m;ukd awmh arhxm;Mu\/ aorSmr[kwfolwpfOD; toGifjzihf [efaqmifNyD;aexkdifMu\/ 'Db0rSm wpfBudrfao&rSmukdawmif rawG;bJ aemifb0 aygif;rsm;pGmrSm usifvnfí tBudrfBudrfao ae&OD;rnf[laom tawG;rsKd;awG;rd&ef tvGef a0;vk d Y a eyg\/ uREf k y f w k d Y o nf aorS m ud k aMumuf w wf & if rd r d u k d , f u k d r d r d cspf w wf atmif vkyfaqmif&ayvdrhfrnf/ taorOD; ciftodOD;ygrS taoenf;atmif taoBuJ atmif aemuf q H k ; taouif ; vG w f a tmif vk y f y d k i f c G i f h t csd e f u d k yd k r d k & &S d r S m jzpf y g\/ aojcif ; eD ; uyf u mva&muf y grS vkyyf ikd cf iG jhf yifqifciG hf &vdu k af wmhrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ ighudk,figb,favmufcspfovJ/ 'Dar;cGef;onf 'Db0ESifhom oufqdkifaomar;cGef;r[kwfbJ? aemif o H o &mb0aygif ; rsm;pG m twG u f y g ouf q d k i f a om tar;yk p ä m wpf y k ' f j zpf y g\/ 'Dtar;av;udk rdrdar;NyD;NyDqdkyg&if a&SUquf b,fvakd vQmufvrS ;f &rvJ qdw k mtajzay:vGif aeyg\/ ud, k u hf , kd u f ckd sp&f ifaumif;rIuo k v kd u f kd jyKvyk Mf uyg? rcsp&f ifrvkyyf geJ/Y ud, k jf zpfcsiw f m udk,fvkyf udk,fjzpf&ifudk,fcH 'gtrSefw&m; ppfppfygyJ/ avmursufjriftm;jzifh raumif;rI 'k p ½d k u f u sL;vG e f o l r sm;twG u f tcsKyf w d k Y ? axmifwdkYqdkwm&Sdaeovdk aumif;rIjyKolrsm; twGuf *kPfjyKcsD;jr§ihfwJh bGJUwHqdyfawGqdkwm vnf ; &S d a eygw,f / vl [ m'D t cG i f h t a&;

ESpf&yfxJu rdrdESpfoufwmudk a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh tjynfh&Sdygw,f/ olrsm;ypönf;OpömudkvdkcsifvdkY rw&m;tEdkifusifhNyD;,lw,f? ighudkigcspfvdkY? igcsrf;omcsifvdkY,lwm? ighvkyf&yf[mrrSm;Edkif ygbl;? 'DvdkxifNyD; vkyf,laeMuolrsm;vnf; &SdEdkifygw,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dtcif;udk ukodkvf? tukodkvf'Dw&m;ESpfyg;eJY pD&ifqHk;jzwfvdkufwJh tcgrSmawmh tEdik u f siNfh y;D ,lww hJ pfu, kd af umif; orm;[m rdru d , kd rf rd d cspo f rl [kwf ESpo f jl zpfae ygw,f/ ukodkvfESifh tukodkvfonf rdrdudk,f ud k vd r f v d k Y r &onf h pD & if x H k ; wpf r sKd ; [k pma&;ol oH k ; oyf r d y gonf / uk o d k v f u d k pG r f ; Ed k i f o rQjyK tuk o d k v f u k d aoab; vd k a &S m if ? rd r d u k d , f u sKd ; uk d r iJ h u G u f trsm; tusKd ; twG u f ay;qyf a qmif & G u f o l o nf rdrdukd,fukd cspfwwfoljzpf\/ trsm;tusKd; ukd aqmif&GufwJhae&mrSm ukd,fusKd;rzufrdzkdY vnf; tvGet f a&;Bu;D yg\/ trsm;tusK;d awmh aqmif&u G yf gw,f/ 'gayrJh &vmwJt h cGit hf a&; ukad wmh rdr&d UJ O,smOfxrJ mS tok;H csNy;D O,smOfrLS ; aumif ; wpf a ,muf t jzpf owf r S w f c H & zk d Y t"d u xm;NyD ; vk y f a qmif a ew,f / 'g[m y&[dwvkdYxif atmifvkyfjyNyD;rS twå[dwukd twGif;Budwf xlaxmifaejcif;omjzpfyg\/ xk d o l r sm;onf vnf ; rd r d u k d , f u k d r d r d cspfaomolrsm;r[kwfMu yg/ y&[d w tvk y f u &vmwJ h tusKd ; awG u k d Zd r f c H u m;? [rf ; zk e f ; awG 0 ,f N yD ; [efvkyfaerJhtpm; qif;&JcsKdUiJholawG? rdbrJh uav;ausmif;awGukd oma&;ulnDrItaejzihf vS L 'gef ; tok H ; csygu qif ; &J o l a wG ? rd b rJ h uav;awGtm;vkH; tqifajyoGm;EkdifrSmyg/ rdrdwdkYvnf; pGrf;Ekdif&mu omoemawmfukd umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&mvnf; jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ a&S;wkef;u q&mawmfBuD; wpfyg;[m olYudk MunfnKdwJh'g,umu ausmif;aqmufvSLzkdY cGihfawmif;w,f/ 'gukd q&mawmfBuD;u vuf rcHygbl;/ ighrmS ausmif;awGjynhpf w Hk ,f/ wu,f vkdtyfwJhausmif;wdkufrSm oGm;vSLygvdkY trdefY &Sdvkdufw,f/ q&mawmfBuD;[m rdrd&vmwJh vmbfvmbukd riJhuGufbJ vkdtyfwJh ae&m rSmomvSLzkdYtrdefY&Sdwm[m rdrdukd,fukd tcspf qkH;qkdwmukd aumif;aumif;BuD;odxm;cJhvkdY jzpfyg\/ rdrdukd,fukdcspfwJhol[m ukd,fusKd;ukd riJhuGufyJ trsm;tusKd;ukd aqmif&Guf&r,fqkd wm tm;vkH;odzkdYvkdw,fqkdwm ajymjyaeovkd ygyJ / Ak ' ¨ b mom0if t rsm;pk [ m aiG o d e f ; eJ Y csDNyD; vSL&wmudk rESarsmwwfayrJh wu,f

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r&SdvdkYawmif;&rf;olawGukdawmh wpfaxmifç ig;&mponf j zih f ay;urf ; zd k Y wG e f Y w d k w wf Muyg\/ o'¨ g tppf E S i h f o'¨ g twk ? twk awG u rsm;aeygonf / 'g[mvnf ; rd r d uk d , f u k d c spf o l a wG [ k rqk d o m ao;ygbl ; / t,kwftvwf tjrwfra&G; ay;vSL wwfygrS o'¨gppfjzpfvdkYrdrdukd,fukd cspfoljzpfygw,f/ rd r d u k d , f u k d c spf w wf z k d Y q k d w m taumif ; jrif 0g'av;&SdaezkdYvnf; vkdtyfygw,f/ taumif; jrif0g'xuf ½IaxmihfrSefuMunhfwwfzkdYvnf; vdkygw,f/ ½IaxmifhrSefu MunhfwwfygrS trSef jrifr,f? trSefjrifrS taumif;jrif0g'jzpfrSmyg/ qif;&JcsKdUiJholawG[m a&SUb0rsm;u aumif;rI ukov kd ef nf;vdYk qif;&JaeMuwmyg/ olwv Ykd t dk yf wmav;awGukd igwwfEkdiforQ jznhfpGrf;ay;vSL vku d &f if olwv Ykd nf; tqifajyNy;D aemifwcsed rf mS ukodkvfawGukd jyKvkyfEkdifMuvdrfhr,f/ 'Dvkd taumif;jrifpdwfuav;eJY ay;vSL&if olvnf; tusKd;&SdvdkY ukd,fvnf;tusKd;&vdkY rdrdukd,fukd cspf&mvnf;a&mufw,f/ xkdokdYr[kwfbJ vuf aMumrwif; tvkyfysif;vkdY qif;&Jwm iwfao ygap? 'Dvkdraumif;jrifpdwfjzihf jrifrdyg&if olvnf;tusKd;r&Sd? ukd,fvnf;tusKd;,kwfvkdY rd r d u k d , f u k d c spf & mvnf ; ra&muf a wmh y gbl ; / tyg,f a v;yg;yk d Y & ma&muf o G m ;awmh w ,f / 'gaMumifh tjrifvnf;aumif;ygap? taumif; vnf ; jrif w wf y gap/ aumif ; aomtjrif &Sdolom rdrdukd,fukdcspfoljzpfygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmfrl cJ h w J h (om"k o k w f v m) aumif ; aomw&m; q,fyg;ukd xnhfoGif;azmfjycsifygw,f/ jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sifu- &[ef;wdkY 1/ rSefuefaom tjrif?(or®m'd|d) 2/ rS e f u ef a omtBuH t pnf ? (or® m ouF y Ü ) 3/ rS e f u ef a ompum;? (or® m 0gpm) 4/ rS e f u ef a omtvk y f ? (or® m ur® E Å ) 5/ rS e f u ef a omtouf a rG ; rI ? (or® m tmZD 0 ) 6/ rSefuefaomvkHYv?(or®m0g,mr) 7/ rSefuefaomowd?(or®mowd) 8/ rS e f u ef a omorm"d ? (or® m orm"d ) 9/ rS e f u ef a omÓPf ? (ynm) 10/ rS e f u ef a omvG w f a jrmuf r I ? pmrsuf E S m 36 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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[dE´Lbmomü r[mjA[®mBuD;? &SD0 AdóEdk;? oHk;yg;wpfql? b*0g*Dwusrf;pmESifh Ak'b ¨ momü &Siaf wmfa*gwr vlom; bk&m;? yd#uoHk;yHkusrf;[lí toD;oD;&SdMu ayukef\/ bk & m;[l o nf bk&m;[lonf avmuü &SdMuukef aom vl? ewf? jA[®m owå0gtm;vHk;wdkYxuf todÓPftomqHk; tjynhfpHkqHk; yk*¾dKvfjzpf& rnfjzpfonf/ ÓPft&mrSm twlr&Sd&? twk r&Sd&? tu,fí bk&m;ESpfql? oHk;ql&SdíaecJh vQif wpfOD;wnf;aom tjrwfqHk; tomqHk; rjzpfEkdifawmhyg/ xdkYaMumihf ESpfql? oHk;ql r&Sd &/ twlr&Sd&? wpfqlwnf;aom tomqHk; tjrwfqHk; bk&m;om&Sd&rnfjzpfawmh\/ odkYjzpfí rdrdwdkY udk;uG,faeaom vlom;bk&m;jzpfaom &Sifawmf a*gwrjrwfpGm bk&m;tm; ppfrSefaom bk&m;[kwfr[kwfudk taxmuftxm; ckid cf ikd v f v Hk EHk iS fh a0zefí Munhf &rnf j zpf o nf / tu,f í tud k ; uG , f c H u bk&m;rppfcahJ omf ud;k uG,rf rI sm;onf tcsn;f ES;D jzpfNyD; csrf;omrIr&onfhtjyif t,lrSm;wdkYudk &,lonfjzpfí qif;&JrIwdkYudkom cH&awmhrnf jzpfawmh\/ xdkYaMumihf rdrdwdkY udk;uG,fíae aom bmombk&m;udkom ppfrppf? rSefrrSefudk a0zefí MunhfMuygpkdY/ &S i f a wmf a *gwr bk & m;ppf r ppf 1/ &Sifawmfa*gwr bk&m;ppfjzpfygovm;¿ &Sifawmfa*gwr bk&m;ppfjzpfygonf/ 2/ bmaMumihf bk&m;ppfjzpfygovJ¿ opömav;yg;udk odawmfrlaomaMumihf bk&m; ppfjzpfygonf/ tvH k ; pH k u d k od a wmf r l a omaMumih f bk&m;ppfjzpfygonf/ xdktajzrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; uom t<uif;rJhvufcHEkdifaom tajzomjzpf yg\/ tjcm;bmom0ifrsm;? bmomrJh uGefjrL epf 0 g'ud k vuf c H , H k M unf x m;ol r sm;ES i h f ud k ; uG , f r I bmomud k txif r BuD ; awmh í bmomud k ab;z,f x m;aom tcsKd U aom avmu"mwfodyÜHynm&Sifrsm;u vufcHEkdif

avmufaomtajz r[kwfao;ay/ &Sifawmf a*gwronf twk r &S d wpf q l w nf ; bk & m; r[kwfao;ygbl;[k rjiif;Ekdifavmufatmif cdkifvHkaom taxmuftxm;jyum ajzqdkEkdif rSom jynhfpHkvHkavmufaomtajzjzpfygrnf/ ,ck t cg vl o m;jzpf a wmf r l a om &Sifawmfa*gwronf y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrloGm;í qif ; &J t aygif ; rS vG w f a jrmuf o G m ;í vl Y a vmuwG i f r&S d a wmh N yD / od k Y a omf v nf ; ud, k pf m; yd#uwfw&m;awmfrsm;udk xm;&pfcahJ y onf/ xdkw&m;awmfrsm;udk aumufcsufcsum a0zefí,lygvQif qdkvdk&dyf\ trSefoabm onf ay:vGifxif&Sm;í vm&ayawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJhaom w&m;awmfrsm;udk a0zefí Munhf&rnfjzpf onf/ bmawG a [mcJ h o vJ ¿ avmutwGif;ü &SdMuukefaom vl ewfjA[®m owå0gtm;vHk;wdkY\ (txl;ojzihf) vlom;tm;vHk;wdkY\ ESvHk;om;twGif;rSm....

(1) avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? 'd|d paom þraumif;aom(tukokdvf)w&m; wdkYonf jzpfvdkufysufvdkuf&SdaeMuayukef\[k a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/ ('g[m r[kwfygbl;? rrSeyf gbl;? uREykf w f rYkd mS r&Syd gbl;vdYk b,fvl b,f bmom0ifurS rjiif;Ekid yf gbl;? &Sw d m rSeí f aeyg w,f/) (2) aemufwpfcu k 'Dvo l m;taygif; wd\ Yk ESv;kH om;twGi;f rSmyif o'¨g? 0D&, d ? owd? orm"d? ynmpaom 'Daumif;aom (ukokdvf) w&m; awG[mvnf; jzpfvu kd f ysuv f u kd Ef iS fh &Sí d aeyg ao;onf[kvnf; a[mawmfrlcJhygw,f/ ('g[mvnf; b,fvlrS rjiif;Edkifygbl;? rSefí aejyefygw,f/) (3) aemuf w pf c k u 'D a umif ; wJ h w&m;awGaMumihf aumif;usK;d csr;f omeJY aumif; wJhvlawG aumif;wJhb0awG jzpfMu&ovkd 'Draumif; wJh w&m;awGaMumihv f nf; raumif; usK;d eJY raumif;wJh b0awGjzpfMu&vdrOhf ;D r,fvYkd axmufjycJhjyefygao;w,f/ ('g[m vnf; ,ck rsujf rifu, kd af wGUrSmyJ vlrsK;d wdik ;f bmomwdik ;f rSm

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ aumif;wJw h &m;eJY aumif;wJv h al wG? raumif;wJh w&m;eJY raumif;wJh vlawGudk awGUjrifae& ojzihf rSefíaejyefygw,f/) obm0ed , mrjzpf p Of w pf & yf y g 'D a umif ; wJ h w &m;awG a Mumih f aumif;wJh b0eJY aumif;wJhvlawG jzpfae&jcif; [m avmutwGi;f ü tNr&J í dS aeaom obm0 ed,mr\ jzpfpOfwpf&yfygyJ/ Oyrm-acG;uav; awG arG;vmwJhtcg ratBuD;[m EkdYwdkufí apmihfa&Smuf\/ acG;uav;awGu i,fvGef; awmh usifBuD;usifi,frsm;udk rpGefYvTwfwwf ao;í ratBuD;u vQmeJYvsufNyD; oefY&Sif;ay; \/ 'g[m rdbarwåm? acG;uav;awGuvnf; 'g 'dkYtar? tm;udk;&m[k om;orD;arwåm/ þ uJhodkY avmuü aumif;w&m;onf &Sdíae\/ raumif;w&m;uawmh riwfvdkufeJY/ iwfvdkuf &if cdk;pm;r,f/ vkpm;r,f/ olYtouf owfpm; r,f/ 'gaMumihf 'Daumif;w&m;eJY raumif;w&m; awGuawmh avmuü bk&m;yGihfonfjzpfap? ryGihfonfjzpfap tNrJ&Sdaeaom w&m;rsm; jzpfMu ygonf/ bk & m;yG i h f u bmtusKd ; &S d o vJ ¿ 'Dawmh bk&m;yGihf&wm bmxl;ovJ? tb,ftwGuf yGihfawmfrlcJhovJ/ þodkYaom ukokdvfw&m;awGaMumihf aumif;usKd;csrf;omeJY aumif;wJh b0awG/ 'Draumif;wJh tukokdvf w&m;awGaMumihfvnf; raumif;usKd;qif;&JeJY raumif;wJhb0awG jzpfcJh&ifawmh pm;0wf aea&; qif ; &J a wG tNrJ r jywf azmuf j yef ysufpD;aeí tNrJrjywf jyKjyif ay;ae&wJh ocFg&qif;&JawG? tkd? em? ao qif;&JawG uawmh rkcsraoG jzpf&ayawmhrnf/ xkaYd Mumihf þqif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfajrmufMu &atmif[k usipfh Ofusiefh nf;wdu Yk kd ay;awmfrl &ef avmuü jrwf p G m bk & m;onf yG i h f a wmf r l c J h & ayawmh ownf;/ usih f p Of w&m;awmf u m; jrwfpmG bk&m;ay;awmfral om usiphf Of usihfenf;um; wpfjcm;r[kwf? vlom;rsm;\ ESvHk;om;xJwGif &Sdaeaom aumif;w&m;eJY raumif;w&m;wdkYudkyif usihfpOfusihfenf;jyKí ay;awmfrlcJhayonf/ usihfenf;um;....

1/ tck igYpdwfrSm avmb a'go jzpfaeovm;? rjzpfbl;vm;[k Munhfvkdufyg/ rjzpfwmudkawGUvQif rjzpfbl;/ rjzpfbl;[k ½I M unh f í aeyg/ (rjzpf w mud k ½I a eawmh bmtusKd ; &S d o vJ ? rjzpf w mud k ½I a eawmh avmb a'gorjzpf v d k Y pd w f N id r f a ewmud k od&jcif; tusKd;&Sd\/)

2/ wpfcg avmb a'gojzpfwmudk awG U vQif jzpf w ,f jzpf w ,f [ k ½I í aeyg/ (avmb a'go jzpfw,f jzpfw,fvdkY ½Iíae awmh bmtusKd;&SdovJ/ avmb a'go udav omwdkY\ ylavmifaeyHkwdkYudk udk,fwdkif od&jcif; tusKd;&Sd\/) 3/ avmb a'go udavom w&m; wdkYonf pdwfrSm npfEGrf;apw,f/ ylavmifap w,f/ qif;&JapwJh w&m;rsm;jzpfjcif;aMumihf y,fowf&rnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;onf y,fowf enf;udk ay;awmfrl\/ 4/ y,fowfenf;um; avmb a'go jzpf w mud k yl a vmif w ,f / yl a vmif w ,f [ k aysmufoGm;wJhtxd ½IMunhfy,fowfíaeyg av/ 5/ avmb a'go udavomawG csKyfaysmufívnf;oGm;a&m udavom tyl awG cPNidrf;aom udavomcsKyfNidrf;aom udavom edAÁmefcsrf;omudkvnf; awGU&av awmh\/ þodkY udavom cPNidrf;aom csrf; omESifh awmfawmfMumatmif Nird ;f aomcsr;f om? vHk;0csKyfNidrf;aom csrf;omwdkYudk udavomcsKyf Nid r f ; aom ed A Á m ef [ k a c:\/ (½I Ó Pf u aumif;w&m; ukovm"r®m? t½IcHu raumif; w&m; tukovm"r®m) udavomh edAmÁ efNy;D \/ cE¨ m h y &d e d A Á m ef 'd|deJY 0dpdudpäm udavom (2)yg;udk tNyD ; tjywf y ,f o wf E k d i f a om yk * ¾ d K vf u d k aomwmyef [kac:\/ Murf;wrf;aom umr &m*? Asmyg'wdkYudk yg;vsm;oGm;atmif ½Iy,f Ekdifaom yk*¾dKvf udk ou'g*grfyk*¾dKvf[k ac:\/ umr? &m*ESihf a'goudk t<uif;rJhy,fEkdifaom yk*Kd¾ vu f kd tem*grf[ak c:\/ <uif;aom avmb? arm[? rme? t[d&du? taemwåyÜ? xde? O'¨pö þudavom wdu Yk kd t<uif;rJh y,fowfEikd af om yk * ¾ d K vf u d k &[EÅ m [k a c:\/ xd k & [EÅ m onf olYoEÅmefü udavomawG vHk;0r&Sdawmhojzihf olpY w d rf mS udavom ylavmifraI wG r&Sad wmhyg/ pm;0wf aea&;ES i h f tnpf t aMu;utp jyKjyif a y;&OD ; rnf h cE¨ m h 0 ef ' k u © B uD ; om usef y gawmh \ / xd k & [EÅ m onf 'D b 0ouf w rf ; uk e f v k d Y pk w d (aovnf;ao)vnf;usua&m pm;0wfaea&; ESihf jyKjyifay;ae&wJh cE¨m0efqif;&JrS vGwfí oGm;awmh\/ þonfudk cE¨m0efcsonf[k ac:&\/ b0awGukd qufum qufum jzpfap wJh udavomwdkYudk tjrpfjywf y,fowfNyD;jzpf ojzihf b0topfjzpfrIqif;&JawGvnf; ukefí oG m ;awmh \ / þod k Y qif ; &J t aygif ; rS

29

vGwfajrmufMu&atmif[k usihfpOfusihfenf;wdkY udk a[may;awmfrl\/ þusihfpOfusihfenf; twkdif; rSefuefpGm usihfEkdifaom rnfolrqdk udavomqif;&J? cE¨mqif;&J? b0qif;&J? oHo &mqif;&JwdkYrS vGwfajrmuf&ayawmhvwåHU/ xdaYk Mumihf owå0gtaygif;wdt Yk m; 'd| vufiif;tm;jzihf qif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfajrmuf Mu&atmif[k enf;ay;a[mjy vrf;ñTeEf idk af om aMumihf &Siaf wmfa*gwronf tvH;k pHu k kd odaom ÓPftjrif&adS om? avmuü wpfqw l nf;aom twkr&Sdaom bk&m;pifppf {uefyifjzpfawmh \/ xd&k iS af wmf a*gwra[mawmfral om w&m; onfvnf; w&m;ppf w&m;rSef? xdkw&m;awmf wdkYudk vufcHí usihfawmfrlMuukefaom oHCm awmf j rwf t aygif ; wd k Y o nf v nf ; oH C mppf oHCm rSefjzpfí &wemoHk;yg;tppf tESpfom &ES i h f jynh f p H k a om omoemawmf B uD ; [l í qnf;uyfMuukefavmh...udk;uG,fMuygukef avmh..../ usrf ; ud k ; ... "r® o *F P D u srf ; q&mawmf O D ; eE´ ( rEÅ a v;)

aorif;½IH;rnfhwkdufyGJ Ä

tiSm;yrm þcE¨mum; csdefwefaomcg tyf&rSmrkdY ykdif&Sifr&P csdefrusí rodrf;ykdufao; ckcsdefav;rSm cE¨muRefjzpf 'ku©0#frS uRwfvGwfrnhfa&; Ak'¨ay;onhf oDvçorm r*fynmukd okH;azmfol&J ZGJESihfcJí wPSmrm&frif; uif;csKyfNidrf;um oHomñGHepf uReftjzpfrS tNy;D jyw w f ikd f uif;vGwEf idk rf nf aorif;½I;H rnfw h u kd yf w JG nf;/ zk d ; ol a wmf r k d ; ,H ({&majr-"Ek j zL)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

30

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

a&ESihfMum *kPfjrihfapzkdY pH & d y f N id r f q &mawmf

y&d,wådwm0efukd ausyGefpGmxrf; ol & J a umif ; qk d w m aqmif a eMuwJ h pmoif o m;awG & J U tpm trS e f w &m;uk d jyKvk y f & J ½ k H e J Y tm[m&[m 'DvkdyJ jzwfoef;&ygw,f/ rNyD ; ao;ygbl ; / 'g[m pma&;oltwGuf rxl;qef; trS m ;uk d 0ef c H & J w J h o wå d & S d z k d Y v nf ; aom jrifuiG ;f wpfcjk zpfovdk pma&;olu, dk w f idk f txl ; vk d t yf y gw,f / vnf; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm BuKHawGUcJhzl;ygNyD/ pma&;olaemufu ygvmwJh uyÜd, wpfcgu pma&;ol yef;waemfqkdwJh NrKd U uk d w&m;a[mzk d Y a &muf & S d o G m ;ygw,f / 'umBuD;twGufawmh 'DjrifuGif;u xl;qef;ae tJ'DNrKdUrSm pma&;olw&m;a[m&r,fhae&mu rSmayhg/ [kwfw,fav? eHeufcif; tvif;a&mif tJ'DNrKdU&JU txif&Sm;qkH; pmoifwkdufBuD;rSmyg/ awmifrusa&mufao;bl;/ (t½kPfwufNyD;p) f rG ;f ukd yJjyKw?f ig;yd&nf pmoif a umif ; rG e f j cif ; ? pnf ; urf ; oHCmawmfawG t½kPq aumif;rGefjcif;? tusihfaumif;jcif;qkdwJh *kPf eJY bkOf;ay;aewmukd;/ ]]t&Sib f &k m; qGr;f bkO;f ay;wJt h csed u f t*F g awG e J Y j ynf h p k H w J h pmoif w d k u f w pf c k [ m rapmvGef;bl;vm;}} BuD;yGm; atmifjrifavh&Sdygw,f/ olYpdwfxJrSmawmh 'Dtcsdef t½kPf pma&;ol&JUwm0efu nw&m;a[mzkdY ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh e,fajra'otopfwpfckukd qGrf; bkOf;ay;wm[m tvGefapmaerSmayhg/ vlYb0rSmqkdygu 'Dtcsdef tdyfaumif;csdefukd;/ a&mufawmh t&m&mpl;prf;rdygw,f/ ]]t½kPfwufNyD;oGm;NyDav 'umBuD;? pma&;ol nw&m;a[mNyD ; awmh eHeufcif; (7)em&Dum;eJY &efukefukd jyef<u 'Dvkdapmapm qGrf;bkOf;ay;wm taMumif;ESpfck f oHCmawG t&ifaeY (12) &rSmyg/ 'Dawmh tJ'DpmoifwdkufrSm tm½kHqGrf; aMumifyh ?J wpfcsuu em&Daemufykdif;uwnf;u tpmtm[m&r&Sd bkOf;ay;&ygw,f/ d [ f maewm&,f? apmapmbkO;f ay;xm; jref r mjynf & J U pmoif w k d u f a wG r S m awmh Aku tm;vkH;wlnDwJhtcsufwpfck &Sdygw,f/ tJ'gu awmh pmusufcsdefydk&wmayhg}} pma&;ol & S i f ; jyvd k u f a wmh ol u awmh tm½kHqGrf;uyfwJhtcg ]yJjyKwf? ig;yd&,f} d u pum;ukd ('grSr[kw)f ]ig;yd&,f? yJjyKw}f qkw d hJ (pmoifom; auseyfomG ;[efay:ygw,f/ uyÜ, 'DrSmwif&yfraebJ xyfavQmufw,f/ awGpum;t&qkd&if) y#dpöorkyÜg'f[if;ygyJ/

]]'geJ Y rod v k d Y a r;yg&apOD ; bk & m;? oHCmawG[m aeYwkdif; 'DyJjyKwf? ig;yd&nfyJ bkOf;ay; &wmvm;}} ]][kwfw,f 'umBuD;? wpfcgwav tvSL&SdwJh&ufawGuvJGNyD; aeYpOf'gyJ bkOf;ay; &ygw,f}} ]]'geJY t&Sifbk&m;ukd wynhfawmf avQmuf&OD;r,f? xm;0,fausmif;usawmh qGr;f uGr;f awGjynhpf o Hk vkyd aJ emf? tJ'aD usmif;u oHCm enf;vdv Yk m;}} oljyefavQmufwJhpum;Mum;rS rdrd wpfcgu ac:oGm;wJhxm;0,fNrKdUu emrnfBuD; &dyfomwpfckukd owd&rdw,f/ ]]oHCmenf;wmvnf; ygw,f? aemuf NyD; tJ'Dausmif;u y#dywfAs? 'gu y&d,wfAs}} pma&;olu pum;jzwfonht f aejzihf ajymvkdufygw,f/ vQmaMum&SnfwJh uyÜd,u]]y#dywfeyYJ &d,wfu b,fvu dk mG ovJ bk&m;? tJ'ED pS cf [ k m omoemrSm b,fvdk ta&; Bu;D ygovJ}} uyÜ, d avQmufwifwphJ um;ukd Mum;rS pma&;olvnf; [kd;ta0;u taMumif;t&m wpfckukd oGm;NyD;awmhowd&rdw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;uvnf; oHCmawmft&Sif oljrwfawG y#dywfeJYy&d,wf&JUta&;BuD;ykHawG ukd ajymqkdaqG;aEG;cJhMuw,f/ tcsdeftm;jzihf.. pwkw¦oH*g,em rwifcifumvayhg/ oD[Vdk u f Re;f rSm tJ't D csed u f wkid ;f ysu?f jynfysu?f omoemysuaf b;Bu;D u vGwaf jrmuf vmcgptcsdefav;rSm omoemhOD;aoQmif q&m awmfBuD;awG pka0;um r@vm&mrausmif; wkdufBuD;twGif;rSm pka0;Muygw,f/ pka0;Mu&if; omoemawmftaMumif; aqG;aEG;&if; jyóemwpfcku ay:aygufvm ygw,f/ tJ'Djyóemuawmh wjcm;r[kwfay/ ]]jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmf t&Snf wnfwHhjyefYyGm;jcif;\ tajccHtaMumif;&if; onf y#dywådavm? ('grSr[kwf) y&d,wådavm}} 'gukd tajzuGJjym;pGm odcsifaeMuyg w,f/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ wcsKd U aom oH C mawmf a wG u y#dywåd? wcsKdUoHCmawGu y&d,wåd ponf tm;jzihf t,ltqESpfck jzpfaeygw,f/ tJ'x D rJ mS yHou k l "kwifaqmifrax&f jrwf r sm;u y#d y wå d tusih f w &m;omvQif omoemawmf \ tajccH t aMumif ; w&m;vd k Y qkyd gw,f/ 'DvkdygyJ... "r®uxdu t&Sifjrwfrsm;uvnf; y&d , wå d o mvQif omoemawmf \ tajccH taMumif;w&m;vdkY ajymqkdMuygw,f/ b,f awmhrqkd t,ltqESpfck&SdvmNyDqdkygu tjrif [mvJ ESpfckuGJjym;jcm;em;oGm;ygawmhw,f/ olYtjrif olYt,ltqtwkdif; ajym aeMurnfqkdygu rnfolrqkd rdrdwdkY&JUtjrif rdrdwdkY&JUt,ltqawGukd trSefvdkY owfrSwfMu rSmayhg/ wu,fawmh t,ltqwpfck&JU rSef jcif;? rrSefjcif;qkdwmukd rdrdwpfOD;wpfa,muf wnf;&JU tjrifjzihf qk;H jzwfvrYdk &ygbl;/ olwpfyg; &JUtjrpfukdvnf; qef;ppfzkdYvkdtyfygw,f/ 'Dvrdk rS [kw&f if ]twå} ukt d ajccHum rdr&d UJ t,ltqurS trSew f &m;vdYk xifwwfMu vdyYk gyJ/ 'Doabmw&m;ukd em;vnfoabm aygufxm;wJh rax&fBuD;awGu t,ltq uGJjym;aeaom oHCmawGukdMunhfum ]]uJ... igh&iS w f Ykd oifwYkd ESpzf ufpvk;H u ajymwmawG u k d wd k Y v uf r cH E k d i f a o;bl ; ?

'Dawmh rdrt d ,ltq cdik v f aHk tmif jrwfpmG bk&m; a[m Mum;xm;wJh pum;tqkdtrdefYrsm;ukd xkwfaqmif ukd;um;NyD;awmh ajymMuyg}} rax&f j rwf B uD ; &J U pum;qk H ; awmh yHokul "kwifaqmifwJh t&SifjrwfawGu]]ygVdawmf om"uay;zkdY tcuftcJ r&Sdygbl;bk&m;}} ]]'gqkd&if om"uaqmifyg}} (pmzwfolawG zwf&wm tcuftcJ jzpfrSmpkd;vdkY ygVdpmawGukd xm;cJhygr,f/ jrefrm pum;ajyoufoufjzihf oGm;yghr,f) yHokul "kwifaqmifwpfyg;u]]cspfom; okb'´ ig\om;awmfrsm; taejzihf r*¾if&Spfjzmukd ukd,fwkdifvnf;usihfMu? wpfyg;olwu Ydk v dk nf; uk, d Ef iS x fh yfwl usiMfh uap jcif;tm;jzihf aumif;rGefajzmihfrSefpGm jyKMurnf qk d v Qif þavmuBuD ; onf &[EÅ m wd k Y j zih f rqdwfokOf;Ekdifbl;vkdY r[my&dedAÁmeokwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;cJhygw,fbk&m;/

t&Sijf rwfBu;D awGu acgif;ndwaf wmf rlw,f/ yHokul "kwifaqmifyk*¾Kdvfu xyfírdvdE´yO§m ygVdawmfrSmvnf; ]]jrwf aom rif ; BuD ; jrwf p G m bk & m; omoem[m y#dywådomvQif t&if;rlvjzpfí y#dywådom vQif tES p f o m&&S d w ,f / y#d y wå d o moem xif&Sm;&Sdaeao;vQif omoem&SdaewmyJvkdY qkdxm;ygw,fbk&m;/ yH o k u l " k w if a qmif rax&f w d k Y u taxmuftxm; om"uwkdYjzihf wifjyoGm;NyD; aemuf "r®uxduyk*¾Kdvfrsm;u]]ok w f tbd " r® m w&m;awmf r sm; wnf&Sdaeao;orQ 0denf;w&m;awmf xGef;y aeao;orQ aerif;BuD;xGufay:wnf&Sdaeao; vQif tvif;a&mifaMumihf taumif;tqk;d cGjJ cm; odjrifcGihf&aeouJhodkY þavmuü olawmf aumif;w&m;tvif;a&mifBuD;aMumihf trSef trSm; cGJjcm;odjrifcGihf&aeMurSmyJ jzpfygw,f bk&m;}} "r®uxduuk, d af wmfu *gxmwpfy'k f ukd &Gwfqkdum]]okwf tbd"r®m a&maxG;aysmuf uG,af er,fq&dk if 0denf;w&m;awG aysmufu, G f aer,fqkd&if ae0ifwJhtcgvkd þurÇmavmu BuD;wpfckvkH; arSmiftwdusawmhrSmygyJ/ "r®uxduyk*¾Kdvf&JUpum;oHawGMum; rS tm;vkH;u em;pkdufaeMuw,f/ ]]'gaMumihf y&d,wådac:wJh okwf?

0denf;? tbd"r®musrf;pmawGukd apmihfa&Smuf xm;Ekdif&if y#dywåd[m apmihfa&SmufNyD;om; jzpfygw,f/ y#dywådrSm &yfwnfEkdifwJht&d,m ynm&Sif[m y#da0"ac:wJh edAÁmefcsrf;omBuD;rS rvGJacsmf rqkH;½IH;Ekdifawmhygbk&m;}} "r®uxdurax&fjrwf&JU pum;oH qkH;awmh yHokul"kwifaqmifyk*¾KdvfawGxHu rnfonhfpum;oHrS xGufrvmay/ wdwfwdwf aejcif;jzihf 0efcHjcif;ukdjyKawmfrlygw,f/ 'g[m w&m;jzihfaeaom olwdkY\ w&m;ojzihf t,ltqwpfcu k dk vufcv H u dk jf cif; ygyJ/ wcsKdUuolwpfyg;wkeYd YJ t,ltqrwlygu rdrd t,ltqrSm;wmvnf;odw,f/ wpfzufom;&JU t,ltqrSefwmukdvnf odw,f/ okdYaomf uk, d rf mS ;w,fvYkd 0efc&H rSm &Suw f wfMuygw,f/ wu,fawmh olawmfaumif;qkdwm vky&f w J o hJ wå&d ½dS eHk v YJ nf; rNy;D ao;ygbl;/ cH&w J hJ owådvnf; &SdaezkdYvdktyfygw,f/

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yHokul"kwifaqmif rax&fBuD;awG? yk*K¾ v d Bf u;D awG[m rdr&d UJ t,ltqtrSm;ukv d nf; olawmfaumif;yDopGmjzihf 0efcHvkdufygw,f/ ESpfzufaom yk*¾KdvfawG NidrfoufrS rax&fBuD; rsm;u]]ESpfbufpvkH;u ajymqkdcJhwmawG [m tvGerf w S o f m;p&maumif;ygw,f? tm;vk;H [mvnf; trSeaf wGygyJ? okadY omfvnf; omoem t&SnfwnfwHhjyefYyGm;zkdYqkd&ifawmh y&d,wåd omoem y&d,wf0efaqmifyk*¾KdvfawGu ydkNyD; awmh t&if;rlvusygw,f}} rax&fBu;D u y&d,wå&d UJ t&if;rlvukd e*kduwnf;uodayrJh rdrdwdkY&JUtjrifawGukd vGwv f yfpmG ajymqkcd iG jhf yKxm;wmyg/ rax&fBu;D u qufí]]EG m ;vm;OobBuD ; awG t&mt axmif&Sdvnf; tJ'DxJrSm EGm;rsKd;ukd xdef;odrf; apmihaf &Smufr,fh EGm;rçr&Sb d ;l qkyd gu EGm;rsK;d quf jywfoGm;Ekdifovkd 'Dtwkdif;ygyJ? omoemrSm 0dyóemtm;xkwfwJh &[ef;awmfawG t&mtaxmif&SdMuapumrl y&d,wåd0efaqmif yk*¾KdvfawGr&SdcJhbl;qkdygu y#da0"omoemvnf; &SdrvmEkdifygbl;}} rax&f B uD ; u vl B uD ; yD o pG m jzih f obm0usus &Sif;jyygw,f/ ]]wpfenf;tm;jzihf ajymr,fqkd&if a&Tt;dk Bu;D jrK§ yx f m;wJah e&mukd twdtusozd &Ydk m tu©&mausmufpmwkdifom&Sdaeao;&if a&Ttkd; BuD; aysmufqkH;oGm;NyDvdkY rqkd&ygbl;? xkdYtwlyJ ausmufpmwkid yf rm y&d,wåd omoemawmfBu;D wnf&SdaeorQ omoemuG,fNyDvdkY rqkd&ygbl;}} rax&fBuD;&JUpum;awGu rSwfom; p&mtvGeaf umif;ovdk vku d ef molawGuv dk nf; tusKd;rsm;apygw,f/ ]]uJ- ,ckvnf; t&SifjrwfwdkYtm;vkH; [m bk&m;&Sif&JUtvkdawmfukd OD;xdyfyefqifNyD; y&d,wådESihf y#dywådqkdaom a0g[m&tm;jzihf uGJjym;aomfvnf; tjiif;yGm;p&mr&Sd wpfom; wnf;jzpfatmifom rdrdwdkYtiftm;tavsmuf yl;wGJum aqmif&GufEkdifMuygap}} rax&fjrwfBuD;&JUpum;oHqkH;awmh tm;vk;H om"ko;Hk Burd af c:qku d m axmufcv H u kd f Muygw,f/ jrwf p G m bk & m;&J U omoemawmf [ m tajccHokH;&yfjzpfwnfxm;wmyg/ tJ'DokH;&yf uawmh 1/ y#dywådomoem?

2/ y&d,wådomoem? pmrsuf E S m 33 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

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rnf o d k Y y if w m;jrpf N cd r f ; ajcmuf a omf v nf ; tavQmrh ay;bJ aemufq;kH wGif owfvu kd owf vdu k yf g? r,m;aumif;wdrYk nfonf vifjzpfoEl iS fh a&TbHkpHvQifvnf; twlwl qif;&J'ku©a&mufu twl w l aovnf ; twl w l &S i f v nf ; ruG m oufq;kH wdik t f wlwuGaevdyk gonf armifawmf bk & m;[k q d k u m z0g;ajcxyf xyf c syf r uG m vdkufygavawmh\/ awmawmiftwGif;odkY a&mufaom tcg aomwda¬ oeESihf orÇLvonf &aoh0wfNy;D prf;acsmif;teD; ausmif;ocFrf;aqmufvkyfum aexdik Mf uavonf/ orÇLvrif;orD;onf eHeuf apmapm tdyf,mrSxum ausmif;0if;wGif; wHjrufvSnf;jcif;? aomufoHk;a&jynhfpHkatmif teD;&Sdprf;acsmif;rS a&cyfo,f,ljcif;jyKvkyf av\/ aomwd¬aoeEdk;vQif oGm;wdkuf&ef 'efyl ESihf rsufESmopfa&udk qufuyfNyD; aq;&Guf aq;jrpfwdkYudkBudwfí aomwd¬aoe\ Elemrsm; tm; vdrf;usHay;\/ csKdNrdefaomopfoD;wdkYudk a&G ; cs,f í vif j zpf o l a omwd ¬ a oetm; auR;arG;av\/ rdrdrlum; aemufrSpm;\/ NyD;pD;ygu t&Sifhom; owdESihfaeyg? ESrawmf opfo;D &SmoGm;ygOD;rnfb&k m;[k qdu k m aomwdaoetm; &S d c d k ; uef a wmh N yD ; awmif ; çcsd w f ç wHcsLwdkYudk,lí awmtwGif;odkY opfoD;&SmxGuf

av\/ opf o D ; &S m &mrS jyef v mvQif v nf ; prf;acsmif;rSa& cyfo,f,í l aomwda¬ oetm; a&csK;d ay;Ny;D temwdt Yk m; aq;&Guaf q;jrpfwu Ykd kd Bud w f u m vd r f ; ay;av\/ armif a wmf aomwd¬aoetm; OD;OD;zsm;zsm; qufuyfí aomwd¬aoepm;NyD;rS orÇLvpm;oHk;av\/ Ny;D vQiu f m; aomwda¬ oe tm;vJavsmif;apum ESdyfe,fay;av\/ rdef;rjrwfyDopGm aeYpOf 0wfBuD;0wfi,fwdkYudkjyKav\/ wpfaeYaom tcg orÇLvrif;orD;onf opfoD;&SmoGm;&if; yl t d k u f o jzih f acsmif ; i,f w pf c k w G i f a&csKd ; av\/ a&csKd;NyD; avQmfawouFef;udk 0wfqif &if; acsmif;ab;wGif&SdaepOf tpm&Sm xGuf vmonfh 'gaembDvl;onf cg;ao;vdkY &ifcsD rd e f ; rjrwf y D o pG m tvS y d k i f & S i f orÇ L vtm; jrif v k d u f o jzih f wyf r uf a ompd w f wm;qD ; r&atmifjzpfay:vm\/ xdaYk Mumihf csucf si;f yif orÇLvteD;odYk a&mufvmav\/ wyfrufaom pdwfjzihf Munhf½I&if; ar;vdkufav\/ aumif ; jcif ; ig;jzm vu© P mES i h f jynh f p H k N yD ; jrif & ol b0if q l v d I u f a rmatmif acsmarmvS o l rd e f ; ri,f oif b ,f o l e nf ; igYtm;ajymMum;ygavmh/ toifbDvl; igonf Am&mPoDrif;\ om;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;om; aomwd¬aoe\ rdzk&m;jzpfygw,f/ oifonf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ Am&mPoDrif;\om;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;om; aomw¦ d a oe\ rd z k & m;jzpf y gvsuf b,f twGufaMumihf awmBuD;twGif;odkY vma&muf aeygoenf;/ tdk 'gaembDvl; aomwd¬aoe rif;om;onf uk|Elema&m*gpGJuyfaeojzihf a&Teef;awmfwGif rpHjref;bJ þawmBuD;xJwGif aexdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ igonf aomwd¬aoe twGuf aeYpOfopfoD;&SmauR;arG;jcif;trI jyK &ygonf? ,ckvnf; opfo;D &SmazGvmcJyh gonf/ ae0ifawmhrnfjzpfí armifawmfqmavmifí aeawmhrnf? igYtm; oGm;cGihfjyKygavm toif bD v l ; ? xd k t cg bD v l ; onf orÇ L va&S U rS ydwfqD;í &yfum acsmuvsm orÇLv wd&pämef aygrsm; awmBuD;xJü aexdkifjcif;rjyKygESihf igonf oif\vifjzpfvdkygonf/ tvdk&SdorQ tm;vHk;jynhf0apygrnf/ oif\vif tEla&m*g onfxHoGm;&efrvdkyg/ ,ckigESihftwl vdkufcJh ayawmh ? orÇ L vvuf u d k twif ; qG J u m ajymMum;avonf/ bDvl;BuD;vufrSvGwfatmif ½kef;&if; jzihf rsu&f nfrsm;jzmvsuf tdo k r®ma'0 ewfjrwf taygif;wdkY- uRefawmfrsKd;ronf oDvopöm b,f a omtcgrS rysuf y g? 'gaembD v l ; u olt Y vdrk vdu k í f tuREykf u f kd owfvu kd owfyg ap? pm;vdku pm;ygap? oDvopöm b,faom tcgrSrysuf xm0&pGJNrJpGm&Sdaom uRefawmf rsK;d ronf armifawmfaomwda¬ oetxifvrJG mS ; rSmudkompdk;&drfyg\? aMumufyg\? Murf;wrf; ,kwfrmaom bDvl;onf uRefawmfrsKd;rtm; zrf;qD;xm;ygonf/ bDvl;vufrSvGwfuif; atmif u,fwifawmfrlyg or®ma'0ewfrif; taygif;wdkY[kqdkavonf/ orÇLvwdkifwnf wrf;woHudk odMum;rif;Mum;odavaomf orÇL v teD;odkY wefcdk;jzihfa&mufvmum [,f bDvl;rdkuf orÇLvrif;orD;onf oDvopömNrJ ruGmaom rdef;rjrwfjzpfonf/ ,ckyifvTwf awmh rvTwfcJhaomf oif\OD;acgif;tm; tpdwf pdwftrTmrTmuGJaMuatmif ig\0&Zdefvufeuf ESifh ypfciG ;f rnf[k odMum;rif;Burd ;f armif;av\/ bDv;l onfaMumuf&UHG ojzihf orÇLvtm; vTwí f odMum;rif;tm; OD;cdkuf&Sdcdk;avonf/ orÇLvrif;orD;rSm ae0ifcg vxGuf rSaexdkif&m ausmif;ocFrf;odkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sd avonf / ausmif ; ocF r f ; ud k t csd e f r awmf r S a&muf&Sdvmaom orÇLvrif;orD;udk aomwdaoeu ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhum trsKd;rsKd;tjypf wifpum; ajymqdkavonf/ ElempGJuyfaeol rdrdtm; vspfvsL½Ixm;um olwpfyg;wdkYESihf azmufjyefaom rdef;rjzpfaMumif;udk tcgcg

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ajymqdkavonf/ orÇLvrif;orD;onf þodkY r[kwfygaMumif;? 'gaembDvl;u wm;qD;aESmihf ,Sufojzihf tcsdefrawmfrSjyefa&mufvmjcif; jzpfaMumif;? aemufq;kH rwwfomí opömpum; qdkí wdkifwnfvdkufaMumif;? wdkifwnfrIaMumihf odMum;rif;a&mufvmum bDvl;udk Budrf;armif; ESifxkwfvdkufaMumif;? odkYjzpfít&Sihf xHjyefvm Ek d i f y gaMumif ; od M um;rif ; ru,f w if y gu uRef a wmf r sKd ; r aoyG J 0 if r nf r S m aocsmyg aMumif; ajymMum;avQmufxm;avonf/ orÇLvu avQmufxm;aomfvnf; aomwd¬aoeonf vHk;0,HkMunfrIr&Sd ElempGJae aom rdrdtm; vspfvsL½Ixm;um awmBuD;wGif; 0dZÆmaZmf*sD wyoD,u©bDvl;vdkYESihf azmufjyef aejcif;omjzpfaMumif;? rdrdtm; cGJcGmoGm;vdku oGm;EkdifygaMumif; ajymMum;avonf/ orÇLv onfvnf; onf;xefpmG idak <u;&if; prf;acsmif;rS a&udk a&tdk;jzihf cyf,lum opömqdkavonf/ uRefawmfrsKd;ronf tNrJxm0&tusihfoDv pGJNrJpGm&SdcJhygonf/ azmufvGJazmufjyef rrSef aompum; rrSefaomtusihf vHk;0r&SdcJhyg/

vifjzpfol armifawmfaomwd¬aoerSwpfyg; tb,folESihfrSvnf; umr*kPfusL;vGefjcif; vk;H 0r&Scd yhJ g/ uReaf wmfrsK;d r\ &ifrmS opömw&m; xm0& pGNJ rJ vsuyf g? xdt k wdik ;f rSepf mG jzpfcyhJ gvQif uRefawmfrsKd;r armifawmfaomwd¬aoewGif pGJuyfaeaom Elemrsm;onf vHk;0aysmufuif; oG m ;ygapownf ; [l í opö m pum;qd k u m aomwd¬aoerif;om; udk,fay:odkY cyf,lvm aom a&tdk;rS a&pifwdkYjzihf oGef;avmif;vdkuf av\/ xdkodkY oGef;avmif;vdkufí tNyD;rSmyif aomwd ¬ a oe\ ud k , f r S El e m[l o rQ vH k ; 0 aysmufuif;oGm;um acsmarmvSyaom rif;om; toGio f Ydk a&muf&o dS mG ;avonf/ aomwda¬ oe rif ; om;ES i h f acsmuvsm orÇ L vwd k Y o nf awmBuD;twGif;rS a&Teef;awmfodkY jyefoGm;Mu avukef\/ Ä pdwfaumif;&Sd oDvNrJ csrf;omMurnfrvGJ Ä tvdrfrmpmrSm&Sd Ak'¨pmayMunhf usrf ; ud k ; ig;&mh i g;q,f e d y gwf a wmf j zpf \ / '*H k - q&mxG e f ;

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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a&rSmt½kyfa&;jcif; ouf y d k i f N id r f ; (½k u © a A') ]]q&mav;u acG;cspfwwfvm;¿}} ]]rcspfwwfygbk&m;}} ]][ifµ [kwfvm;¿}} rvdIifNrdKU &SpfrsufESmausmif; y&d,wåd pmoifwdk uf ausmif;0kdif;twGif;ü pm;<uif; pm;usef r sm;ud k vma&muf p m;aomuf u m yGm;rsm;aexdkifvsuf&SdMuaom acG;rdom;pkrsm; &Sdygonf/ uRefr qGrf;pm;NyD;wdkif; xdkacG;av rsm;ud k auR;arG ; avh & S d o nf / &S p f r suf E S m pmoifwu dk af usmif;rS vufaxmufO;D Zif;wpfyg; jzpfol OD;Zif; ]OD;aZmwd u} u xdkjrifuGif;udk MunhfNyD; uRefrudk acG;cspfwwfol[k rSwfxifyHk &ygonf/ ]]wynhfawmfr acG;udkrcspfzl;bk&m;? wynhfawmfru acG;eJYESpfBudrfawmif jyóem jzpfcJhzl;wmbk&m;}} bm..b,fvdk? acG;eJY jyóemjzpf& w,fv.Ykd .}} ]]'g..trSefygyJ bk&m;}} rSefygonf/ uRefri,f&G,fpOfb0 uRerf av;wef;ausmif;oltcsed u f uRerf wdNYk rKd U wGif jyooGm;cJah om ukvm;um;½ky&f iS rf mS ]tem uvD} oDcsif;u tvGefacwfpm;aeonhftcsdef jzpfygonf/ uRerf u *g0ef&n S t f 0dik ;f Bu;D ud0k wf vsuf xdktemuvD ukvm;oDcsif;udkoDqdkum Zmwfvu dk jf zpfol rif;orD;av;uJo h Ykd ud, k u f ykd wf csmvSnhfí uckefaepOf tdrfeD;em;csif; acG; wpfaumif uRerf teD;odYk ½kww f &ufa&mufvm um uRefr*g0eftwGif; acG;OD;acgif;a&mufoGm; ygonf/ *g0eft0dik ;f twGi;f olrY suEf mS udk tkyrf d oGm;onfEiS w hf NyKd ief uf ]]ude.f .ude}f } rnfatmif atmfvkdufaom acG;toHrSm uRefrtwGuf vGefpGmyifxdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;apcJhygonf/ acG;vnf;vef?Y uRerf vnf;vef/Y &v'frmS uRerf \ ajcovHk;udk acG;tudkufcHvkduf&NyD; ao&m yg trm&Gwrf sm;jzpfapcJyh gawmhonf/ aemifwGif vrf;rSm acG;awGUvQiyf if a0;a0;ua&Smifygonf/ 'kw, d tBurd rf mS uRerf rEÅav; 0dZmÆ odyw HÜ uúov kd f 'kw, d ESpw f iG jf zpfygonf/ oli,f csif ; rsm;ES i f h t wl twef ; wuf & ef t wG u f

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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tvGefcspfcif&if;ESD;\/ xdkESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufaomolonf &[ef;jyK\/ xd&k [ef; onf olYrdwfaqGjzpfol vl\tdrfodkYaeYpOfoGm; a&mufvnfywf\/ xdkoDwif;onf vlonf? olrY w d af qG &[ef;udq k rG ;f uyf? olvnf;pm;onf/ xd k Y a emuf &[ef ; oD w if ; oH k ; &mausmif ; od k Y vdu k u f m wpfaeukef pum;ajymMuonf/ ae0if rd;k csKyrf S tdro f jYkd yefonf/ &[ef;onf olrY w d af qG oDwif;onfu?kd NrKd UwHcg;0txd vdu k v f yH aYkd qmif avonf / Mumaomf xd k t jzpf t ysuf o nf &[ef;avmuü ajymp&mwpfckjzpf vmav onf/ aemufqHk;xdktaMumif;onf jrwfpGm bk&m;\ em;odaYk ygufomG ;&m bk&m;&Siu f &[ef; wk d Y u d k tjzpf t ysuf u d k a r;awmf r l o nf / &[ef;wdkYu ]]&[ef;wpfyg;ESifhoDwif;onf}} vlw\ Ykd vGeu f aJ om qufqaH &;? &pfywfaESmifzYJG rd M uaom ¤if ; wd k Y \ ork ' ,oH a ,mZOf taMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; tm;wifjyavQmuf xm;onf/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ¤if;wdkY ESpfOD;onf ,ckrSomþodkY jzpfonfr[kwf? a&S;tcguwnf;u þodkYjzpfcJh zl;ayonf[k? rdefYMum;um twdwfudk aqmifawmfrljcif;jzpf ygonf/ a&S;oa&mtcgu Am&mPoDjynfü jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyK\/ xdt k csed x f rkd if;vufxuf wG i f b k & m;tavmif ; onf xd k r if ; \ynm&S d trwfBuD; jzpfawmfrlonf/ Am&mPoDrif;wGif r*F v mqif a wmf w pf a umif & S d & m xd k q if u d k qifwif;ukwfüaumif;rGefpGm auR;arG;jyKpkí xm;onf/ acG;wpfaumifonf qifpm;NyD;í usefaompm;uRif;pm;usefrsm;udk vma&mufí pm;\/ xd k o d k Y v ma&muf p m;aomuf & if ; Mumaomf xdkacG;onf qifBuD;ESifh&if;ESD;oGm;\/ qifBuD;ESifh acG;onf BuD;rm;aomork', oHa,mZOfjzifh aESmifzJGYrdMuavonf/ wpfaeY wGif &Gmom;wpfa,mufonf qifxdef;udkaiG ay;um xdkacG;udk,laqmifoGm;onf/ qifBuD; onf xd k a cG ; ud k r jrif a omf xd k t csd e f r S p í rpm;Edkif raomufEdkif wrIdifrIdifwawGawGjzifh Bu;D pGmaom pdwq f if;&Jjcif;jzpf\/ xkt d aMumif; rif;jrwf bk&ifukd avQmufwifaomf bk&if rif;jrwfonf bk&m;tavmif; ynm&St d rwfBu;D uk d qif w if ; uk y f o d k Y v T w f í jzpf & yf r S e f u k d pk H p rf ; ck d i f ; onf / ynm &S d t rwf B uD ; onf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

39

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