DV21-02

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pGrf;tm;opf

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

Aka'¨gaAma",sH

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opömw&m;ukid godovk?d a0ae,swo Ydk ad p&rnf

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

"r®0&D *sme,f

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Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;

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t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

pmwnf;csKyf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)

pmwnf;tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm xk wf wf a0 ol wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f

tjyiftqif uGefysLwm rk;d Bu;D ? NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykid f

jzefYcsda&; vIid Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d f zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801

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zvif Empire Colour Repro

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

tvkyfrtm;qdkolrsm;tm; Z&mAsm"d u tm;csdefxd apmihfaerSmvm; Ak ' ¨ a *gwru ]]vl o m;wd k Y t m; aoonf qd k o nf r S m wpf b 0pm cPtem;&rI ? td y f o nf qd k o nf r S m wpf & uf p m tem;&rI ? taoBuD ; raocif taouav;awG cPcPjzpf & NyD ; b0rsKd ; pH k cE¨ m rsKd ; pH k E S i h f ? uk o d k v f tuk o d k v f r sKd ; pk H ES i h f o H o &mork ' ´ & maMum arsmae&jcif ; jzpf o nf } } [k rdefYMum;xm;ygonf/ vlom;wdkYonf pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? EkdifiHa&;ponfwdkYjzihf tvkyfrsm;vSonfqdkaom acgif;pOf atmuf0,f pdwfudk zdtm;ay;rI ajzavsmha&;wm0efudk ysufuGufaeMuNyD; pdwfudk tm[m&ray;? aq;rauR;bJ rdkufrJrItaxGaxGjzihf ayawaeMuonfu rsm;ygonf/ tvkyfrtm;[laom taMumif;jycsufjzihf rdrdb0\ usef;rma&;udk arhavsmhxm;Mu\/ tvkyfwGifaZm0ifyl;uyfaeMu\/ Z&m? Asm"d? r&Pw&m;wdkYu tcsdefjynhf acgif;avmif;wD; tcsufay;aeonfudk owdrrlí rjrifouJhokdY rMum;Mu? ESvHk;roGif;Muacs/ tvkyfwm0efrsm;í tcsdefray;EkdifMuolrsm;tzdkY tdkzdkYtcsdefaum ay;Ekdifovm;? emzdkY tcsdefaumay;Ekdifovm;? aozdkYtcsdefaum ay;Ekdifovm;[k ar;vmygu rnfodkYajzMurnfenf;? Z&m? Asm"du yHkrSefwHcg;acgufNyD; acgif;avmif; xdk;tcsufay;aeygonf/ tcsdefwefvQif r&Prif;u ac:ygrnf/ rtm;olrsm;onf aorif;ac:awmh tm;Mu&ayNyD/ xdkodkYaomolrsm;twGuf w&m;trSefrSm ]]tyÜrma'e orÜma'x}} [laom Ak'¨a*gwr\ vrf;ñTefcsuftwdkif; owd&SdzdkY omjzpfygonf/ ]rarhravsmh raygYrq owdEiS fh aumif;pGmusiBfh uaH exkid jf cif;usipfh Ofukd at;Nird f &m (edAmÁ ef)a&mufaMumif; w&m;[k Ak'¨a*gwru a[mMum;cJhygonf/ þtyÜrma'e[laom owdw&m;onf ypöKyÜefoHo&mESpfyg; tusKd;twGuf ydkonfr&Sd? vdkonfom &Sdygrnf/ ypöKyÜefb0BuD;yGm;a&;twGuf owdtyÜrm' vdktyfovdk b0oHo&mudk wdkwdkjzwfzdkYtwGufvnf; owd(tyÜrm')u ta&;ygvSygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYü j'yfr&Sd udkifwG,fprf;oyfí r& pdwfrSef;jzihfod&aom emrfcE¨mav;yg;u ½kyf cE¨mtay: wnfaqmuf xm;onfukd owdjyKrdMu&efvdkygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ cE¨monf avmb? a'go? arm[? tavmb? ta'go? tarm[tp&Sd aom taMumif;cHw&m;(6)yg;? rsufpd paom ('Gg&) (6)aygufuae? (tqif;? toH? paom tm½Hkig;yg;udk rSD&mwnf&m 0w¬K [laom tMunf½kyf (yom'½kyf)jzihf zrf;,lNyD; cHpm;vkyfudkifaeMuonf/ xdo k v Ykd yk u f ikd Mf u&m0,f pdwt f pOfqakd om pdwu f av;u uREykf w f t Ykd m; ukov kd ?f tukov kd [ f al om tat;tylawGukd jzpfay:atmif aqmif&Guf ay;aeMuonfudk owdxm;rdzdkYvdkygonf/ xdkpdwftpOfonf rsufpdtMunhf todjzihf ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsm;? em;tMum; todjzihf ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsm;? ESmacgif;teHY todjzihf ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsm;? vQm t&om todjzihf ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsm;? udk,ftawGU txd todjzihf ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsm; pdwful; todjzihf ukokdvf? tukodkvfrsm;udk aeYpOfrjywf aqmif&GufaeMuygonf/ Ak'¨u xdkrS wqihfjrihf todjzihf r*f? zdkvf&Ekdifaom usihfpOfudk usihfBuHtm;xkwf&ef enf;vrf;udkay;cJhygonf/ xdkenf;vrf;udk orx 0dyóemusihfpOf[k qdkxm;ygonf/ xdkusihfpOf jzihf rdrd\b0udk owdjzihf usihfEdkifMurnfqdkvQif (0g) owdy|mef w&m;av;yg;udk yGm;rsm; tm;xkwfMurnfqdkvQif rdrdwdkYonf ypöKyÜef b0rSmyif at;csrf;rIudk cHpm;Ekdifovdk oHo&mwGif jrKyfarsmrIuif;í ½kyf? emrfcsKyf&m edAÁmefwpfbufurf; odkY rkcswwfvSrf;EkdifMurnf jzpfygonf/ xdak Mumihf rtm;yg[k qkad eolrsm;tm; aeYpOfzt d m;ay;aeaom Z&m? Asm"d? r&Pw&m;udk owdxm;apmihMf unhv f suf tcsdef,lNyD; 0dyóemtvkyfukd tm;xkwfMuyg[lí wdkufwGef;vdkufyg&ap/ t,f ' D w m

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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om

r[mowdy|meokwf(tESpfcsKyf) w&m;a'oemawmf omoemawmf E S p f 2553-ck E S p f aumZmouú & mZf 1371 ck E S p f ? oD w if ; uRwf v qef ; 10 &uf a eY r S vqef ; 14 &uf t xd &efukefwdkif;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? rkefYvkyfaqmif;ukef; awmif&yfuGuf? aZ,sokcvrf;? "r®m½kHwGif qif,ifusif;yaom nOfhOD; ,mrf "r® o bif t crf ; tem;rsm;ü "r® ' ge trw'getjzpf (5)&uf w k d i f w k d i f a [mMum;awmf r l t yf a om r[mowd y |meok w f (tES p f c sKyf ) w&m;a'oemawmfudk "r®0D&rmru "r®cspfcif olawmfpify&dowfwdkYtzdkY qnf;yl;ylaZmf tEkarm'emjyKawmfrlEdkifMuygap&eftvdkYiSm? q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf rl c J h o nh f a[muG u f r sm;twd k i f ; ? tjynf h t pH k a zmf j yay;vk d u f y gonf / ("r® 0 D & ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) pd w å m Ek y óem um,mEkyóem a0'emEkyóem tEkyóemESpcf t k aMumif; udk &Sif;vif;a[mMum;NyD;aemuf ,ck pdwåmEkyóemudk a[mygr,f/ bke;f Bu;D wdo Yk EÅmefrmS aeYpOfBuKH awGUae&wJh tm½Ht k rsKd ;rsKd ;wdu Yk kd od&adS ewJh pdwf[m pOfqufrjywfjzpfNyD;aew,f/ b0wpfcktpjyKwJh o#doaE¨ pdwfuav;uç pvdkY b0oHo&mrSm pOfqufrjywfatmif pdwftpOfawG [m tm½HkeJY-0w¬Kudk trSDjyKNyD; xyfwvJvJjzpfay:aeMuw,f/ rdrdoEÅmef rSm 'Davmufjzpfaeaomfvnf;yJ xdpk w d af wG&UJ tajctaeudk od&edS m;vnf zdkY owdxm;rdzdkYqdkwm avhusihf,lrS&r,hftcsufyJjzpfygw,f/ pdwt f aMumif; ajymawmhajymaeMuwmyJ/ 'DaeY pdwrf Munfb;l ç pdwfMunfw,fç pdwfwdkw,fç pdwfqdk;w,f ponfjzihf pdwftaMumif;udk ajymqdak eMuaomfvnf; xdpk w d u f av;&JU obm0tajctaet&yf&yfukd qifjcifo;kH oyfEidk rf rI &SMd ubl;/ pdwu f av;&JUtajctaeudk qifjcifo;kH Edik f rI r&Sd&if wdkY&JUoEÅmefrSm arG;uwnf;u ygvmwJhpdwfuav;[m tpOf xm0& &Sdaew,fqdkwJhtawG;av;awG 0ifvmwwfw,f/ bke;f Bu;D wdYk ywf0ef;usirf mS &Sad ewJh t&m0w¬KawG tpOfxm0& a&GUvsm;aew,f/ jrpfa&awG woGifoGifpD;aewJh 'DjrpfBuD;awG[m ESpfaygif; awmfawmfMumuwnf;u pwifpD;qif;vmwm 'DuaeYvnf; pDqif;wkef;yJ tpOfxm0& &Sdaew,fvdkY xifMuw,fç raeYuvnf; 'Djrpfa&&Sw d myJ? 'DaeYvnf; 'Djrpfa& &Sw d myJ? reufjzefvnf; &Sad eOD;rSmyJvYkd tpOf r jywf pD ; qif ; aewJ h a &awG u d k Munh f N yD ; awmh tpOf x m0& ckdifNrJaew,fqdkwJh tawG;awGaygufvmw,f/ edpö xm0&qdkwJhtawG; aygufvmw,f/ tJ'D vdkyJ jzpfvmNyD;wJhaemuf rysufbJeJY pOfqufrjywf 'Dpdwfuav; wpfckxJ jzpfaewm [kwf&JUvm;qdkwm owdruyfvdkY&Sd&if odEdkifzdkYrvG,fygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkY rodEdkifovJqdk&if pdwf&JUjzpfrI[m tvGev f sijf refw,f/ tvGef vsijf refwEhJ eI ;f eJyY suNf y;D tvGev f sijf refwEhJ eI ;f eJY xyfjzpfaew,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfu ]v[ky&d0wåH acg pdwåH}pdwfqdkwm wu,hfudk tvsiftjrefBuD;ajymif;vJjzpfay:aewmwJh? tJ'D ajymif;vJjzpfay:aewm b,favmufxdatmifjrefovJqdk&if ]Oyrmyd e oku&m} OyrmeJY EdIif;,SOfNyD;ajymzdkYawmif rvG,fbl;wJh/ odyfjrefvGef; tm;BuD;w,fayhg/ pdwf&JUajymif;vJjzpfay:rI[m tvGefjrefonhftwGuf aMumihf omrefowduav;eJY 'Dpw d &f UJ tajctaerSeu f kd odzq Ykd w kd m tvGef cJ,Of;w,f/ pdwfudk pdwfeJY BuHawG;NyD;awmh odMu&rSmjzpfonhftwGuf aMumihf udk,fBuHawG;NyD;awmhod&wJhpdwfawG? jzpfaeqJpdwfudk tJ'DpdwfeJY jyefNy;D awmh odEikd w f mawmh r[kwb f ;l / a&SUujzpfomG ;wJph w d u f kd aemufu vkdufNyD;awmh odwJhpdwf? a&SUpdwfudk aemufpdwfu odw,fqdkwmrsdK;om jzpfEikd w f ,f/ 'Dpw d u f av;udk 'Dpw d u f av;eJjY yefow d ,fqw kd m rjzpfEikd b f ;l / raeYuajymcJhwJhOyrmvdk vufn§dK;av;udk axmifvdkufvdkY&Sd&if tJ'v D ufnKd§ ;av;&JU xdyu f av;udk 'Daxmifxm;wJv h ufnKd§ ;av;eJyY J jyefxd vdkYr&ovdkyJ? 'Dpdwfuav;udk 'Dpdwfuav;eJY jyefodzdkYqdkwm rjzpfEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY a&SUujzpfoGm;wJhpdwfudk aemufvkdufNyD;awmhodatmif pdwåm Ekyóem vkyf&r,fwJh/ a&SUujzpfoGm;wJhpdwfudk aemufpdwfuvkdufNyD; rodbl;ç trSwfwrJhaer,fqdk&if rSm;,Gif;wJhtawG;awG 0ifvmEdkifw,f/ rSm,Gi;f wJt h awG;awG0ifvmvd&Yk &dS if wG,w f mrIawGa&m rke;f wD;rIawGa&m aemufuqufvdkufvmrSm/ rSerf eS u f efueford I r&Sw d meJw Y pfNyKd ief uf Problem awG aemuf u vkdufvmrSm/ 'gu obm0yJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u okwåefwpfckrSm a[m xm;wm&Sdw,f/ "r®A[kokwr&SdwJh ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfawG[m pdwfuav;eJY ywfoufNy;D awmh Nrw J ,fv, Ykd q l aeMuw,f/ xm0&&Sad ew,fvYkd ,lqae Muw,f/ tJ'v D , kd q l r,fq&kd if ½kycf E¨mBu;D udk xm0&Nrw J ,fvYkd ,lqwm u awmfao;w,f/ (awmfao;w,fqdkwm ,lq&r,fvdkYajymwmr[kwf bl;)? bmjzpfvYkd ½kycf E¨mBu;D u Nrw J ,fvYkd ,lqwmawmfwek ;f vdq Yk akd wmh.. bkef;BuD;wdkYwawG arG;zGm;vmNyD;wJhaemuf 10 ESpf? 15 ESpf? 16 ESpf? tESpf 20? tESpf 30? tESpf 40? tESpf 50? tESpf 60? tESpf 70ç 80


Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ xdatmif rdrw d Ykd ½kycf E¨mud, k Bf u;D u &Sad ewmud;k / &Sad eawmh 'D½yk cf E¨mud, k f BuD;u NrJaewmyJ/ ESpf 60ç 70ç 80 xdatmif NrJaewmyJvdkY 'Dvdk omref taetxm;jzihfawG;&if awmfao;w,fwJh/ pdwfuav;udk NrJw,fvdkYawG;wmu vHk;0roihfawmfbl;/ bmjzpfvdkY roifhawmfwmwkef;qdk&if pdwf[m tvGefvsifjrefwJhEIef;eJY jzpfysufaevdkYygyJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u Oyrmav;wpfckay;xm;w,f/ pdw[ f m arsmufwpfaumifeYJ tvm;wlw,fw/hJ arsmufqw kd m b,fawmh rS tNidrfraebl;/ 'Dopfudkif;av;qGJvkduf? 'Dwpfudkif;vTwfNyD; aemufopf udkif;wpfckqGJudkifvkduf? opfudkif;wpfcku opfudkif;wpfck? opfyifwpfyif uae wpfyifu;l Ny;D awmh vIy&f mS ;oGm;vmaewmwJ/h pdwu f av;[mvnf; tJ'DvdkyJwJh/ 'Dtm½Hkuae aemuftm½Hkwpfck? aemuftm½Hkwpfckuae aemuftm½Hkwpfck? tm½Hkwpfckuae tm½Hkwpfckudk tNrJwrf;ajymif;vJ Ny;D awmh aewmjzpfv?Ykd 'Dpw d u f av;[m ydNk y;D awmh rNrb J ;l qdw k mudk xif&mS ; w,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u oH,kwfygVdawmf okwåefwpfcka[mxm;wm &Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd pdwmå Ekyóemudk a[mw,fqw kd m NraJ ew,fqw kd hJ edpt ö awG;awGç rSm;,Gi;f wJh t,ltqtawG;awG txifawGtjrifawGukd z,f&Sm;ypfzdkY&mtwGuf pdwfuav;&JU obm0udkodzdkYç pdwfudk teD;uyf apmif h M unh f w J h e nf ; pepf u d k ay;wJ h t aetm;jzih f pd w å m Ek y óemud k a[mwm/ uJ.. pdwåmEkyóemqdkawmh pdwf&JUobm0av;udk t&if Munh?f pmayrSm pdwv f o Ykd ;kH vku d v f &Ykd &dS if wpfcgwpf&H apwoduaf wGygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmu pdwfvdkYajymvkdufvdkY&Sd&if apwodufawGudk ajymwmr[kwf bl;? tm½HkudkodwJh obm0w&m;av;udkom OD;wnfNyD;ajymwm/ pmayusrf;*efrSm pdwfvdkYqdkvkduf&if vlawG&JUtodpdwfa&m? cHpm;csufa&m? awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm yg0ifw,f/ wpfcgwpf&Husawmh pdwfvdkY ajymvkdufwm[m orm"dudk&nfñTef;wmvJ&Sdw,f/ 0dok'¨dr*frSm udk;um;xm;wJh ]oDavywd|m, ea&m oyanm? pdwåH ynÍö bm0,H} qdkwJh ae&mrSm pdwfeJYynmudk wdk;yGm;ap&r,fvdkY qdkxm;wJh ]pdwå} qdkwm pdwfudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh orm"dudkajymwm/ tJ'gusawmh orm"dvdkY ,l& w,f/ ]pdawåe ed,saw avmaum} ponfjzihf ajymwJhtcgusawmh pdwaf &mapwoduaf &m tm;vH;k ESpcf pk vH;k qkid w f hJ t&mrsKd ;awGayhg? pdwu f kd y"mexm;ajymvkdufvdkY&Sd&if aemufu pdwfeJY,SOfwJhapwodufawGvnf; ygvmw,f/ tck pdwmå Ekyóemusawmh tJ'o D abmrsKd ;r[kwb f eJ YJ ]tm&r® P0dZmeevu©Pm} rsufpdu jrifwJhtm½Hkç em;u Mum;wJhtm½Hkç ESmacgif; u ½I½dIufvdkuf&wJh tm½Hkç vQmu vsufvkduf&wJh tm½Hkç cE¨mudk,fu xdawGU&wJhtm½Hkç pdwfxJu BuHawG;&wJhtm½Hk? tJ'Dtm½HkawGudk odwJh vu©Pm&SdwJhobm0w&m;udk ajymwm/ pdwfqdkwm tm½HkudkodwJhoabmav;? odwJhoabmvdkYqdkwm tm½Hu k kd &,lay;wJo h abmav;? tJ'x D rJ mS cHpm;rIqw kd m rygbl;ç BuaH wG; rIqdkwm rygbl;ç aphaqmfrIqdkwmawG rygbl;/ tm½Hkudk &,lay;rI ouf oufuav;udk pdwv f aYkd c:w,fvYkd 'Dvrkd w S &f r,f/ tJ'gudk pmayusr;f *ef u ]tm&r®P 0dZmeevu©PH pdwåH} wJh/ pdwfudk odcsif&if olY&JU Characteristic vd k Y a c:wJ h vu© P m½I a xmih f u Munh f & w,f / obm0 w&m;wkdif; rSm obm0vu©Pmqdkwm &Sdw,f/ udk,fydkiftrSwfvu©Pm av;awG &Sdw,f/

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) [wå m p&d , yk A Á u bd u © K 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf aZw0ef ausmif;awmfü aeawmf rlaomtcg qifq&m vkyfcJhzl;aom &[ef;BuD;wpfa,mufonf tpd&0wDjrpfem;ü qifukd,Ofaus;atmif qkH;raom qifq&m wpfa,mufukdjrifí þt&yfüxkd;onf&Sdaomf ,Ofaus;&m\ [k q k d \ / xk d p um;uk d Mum;í qk d w k d i f ; jyK&mwG i f r S qif o nf ,Ofaus;\/ þtaMumif;ukd bk&m;&Sit f m; &[ef;wkaYd vQmuf&mwGif &[ef;wdYk þ,Ofaus;aom qif,mOf jrif;,mOfwkdYjzihf ra&muf zl;aom edAÁmefokdYa&mufEkdifonfr[kwf/ rdrdukd,f,Ofaus;rSom a&mufEkdif rnf[k qifq&mvkyfzl;aom &[ef;ukd uJh&JUawmf rlí ]]e [d {aw[d ,mae[d}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ e [d {aw[d ,mae[d/ *apä,s t*wH 'doH/ ,xm w¦em ok'aEÅe? 'aEÅm 'aEÅe *päwd/ jref r muAsm qifjrif;&xm; ,mOfrsm;jzihfom? edAÁmef&yfayguf ra&mufEkdifyg? rdrdukd,fy qkH;rolrSm? ,Ofaus;jcif; uyfcsOf; edAÁmefom/ Surely never by those vehicles would one go to the untrodden land (Nibbana), as does one who is controlled through his subdued and well-trained self.

pum;ajy/ / tMuifolwpfa,mufonf xkdqif? jrif;,mOfwdkYjzihf (tdrrf ufwiG rf )S ra&muf &zl;aom edAmÁ efwnf;[laom uRe;f om,m odkY oGm;a&muf&ef vkH;0rjzpfEkdifonfomwnf;/ rdrdukd,fpdwfukd aumif ; pG m qk H ; rNyD ; í ,Of a us;rI & S d aom ol w pf a ,muf o m xkdedAÁmefatmifajrodkY oGm;a&mufEkdifaomaMumihfyifwnf;/ vlawGrSmvnf;yJ tm;vHk;eJYqdkifwJh trSwfvu©Pm&Sdovdk vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufpDrSm udk,fydkiftrSwfvu©Pmav;awG&SdMuw,f/ vlqw kd m ykc;kH ESpzf ufay:rSm acgif;aygufw,f? vufEpS zf uf&w dS ,f? ajcESpf zuf&w dS ,f? rwf&yfomG ;w,f? yHyk ef;oP²mefMunhv f u dk &f if atmf- vlqw kd m a,bl,sajymr,fqkd&if tJ'DvdkyJ/ odkYaomf tJ'DvlawGxJrSm wpfOD;wpfOD;pDrSm udk,fydkifvu©Pm av;awGvnf; &SdMuwmyJ/ udk,fydkifvu©Pmav;awGu bmwkef;qdkvdkY&Sd &if tJ'Dvdk ykcHk;ESpfzufMum; acgif;aygufNyD; ajcESpfzufvufESpfzufeJY 'Dvykd ykH ef;oP²mefaqmifwt hJ jyif wcsKd Uu tom;jzLw,f? wcsKd Uu tom;


Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

rJw,f? wcsKd Uu t&yfxmG ;w,f? wcsKd Uu t&yfyw k ,f? wcsKd Uu trm&Gwf ygw,f? wcsdKUu trm&Gwfrygbl; ponfjzifh udk,fydkiftrSwftom;av; awG r&Sdbl;vm; (&Sdw,f)/ 'Dvluawmh rsufcHk;arT;xlw,f? 'Dvluawmh rsufcHk;arT;yg;w,f? 'Dvlu EIwfcrf;arT;ygw,f? [dkvlu EIwfcrf;arT;ryg bl; ponfjzihf? 'Dvlu em;&Gufum;w,f? [dkvlu em;&Gufao;w,f? ESmacgif;cRew f ,f? ESmacgif;ykw,f ponfjzihf oD;oeft Y ajctaeav;awG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ tJ'gav;awGukd ud, k yf ikd t f rSwt f om;av;awGvaYkd c:w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY trSwftom;vu©Pmqdkwm ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,fvdkY rSwfxm;&r,f/ obm0w&m;wkdi;fudkMunhfvkdufvdkY&Sd&if vu©Pmonf ESpfck&Sdw,f/ wpfrsdK;u obm0vu©Pm? aemufwpfrsdK;u omrnvu© Pm/ obm0vu©mqdw k m ud, k yf ikd t f rSwt f om;av;awGuakd c:wm/ trsm;eJY rqufqHbl;? udk,feJYom oufqdkifwJh trSwftom;av;awG? 'gav;awGukd obm0vu©PmvdYk ac:w,f/ tJ'gudk Individual Characteristic vdkY t*Fvdyfvdk jyefMuw,f/ trsm;qdkifvu©Pmudkawmh omrnvu©PmvdkY ac:w,f/ omrnqdkwm Universal (odkY) General Characteristic qdkygpdkY- zó qdkwJh obm0w&m;rSm tm½HkeJYpdwfudk awGUqHkay;jcif;vu©Pm&Sdw,f/ a0'emu tm½H\ k t&omudck pH m;jcif;vu©Pm&Sw d ,f/ onmu tm½Hu k kd rSwo f m;ay;jcif; vu©Pm&Sw d ,f/ 'gud, k yf ikd f trSwt f om;av;awG? tJ'D zó a0'em onm pwJh 'Dobm0w&m;awG[m rNrJwJhoabm? qif;&J wJhoabm? tpdk;rydkifwJh tewåoabma&m r&Sdbl;vm;/ tedpö 'ku© tewåvdkYqdkwJh 'DoabmawGusawmh omrnvu©PmvdkY ac:w,f/ 0dyóem ½INyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if b,fup&wkef; qdkvdkY&Sd&if obm0 vu©Pmu p&w,f/ Individual vu©Pmudk aocsmrdatmif owduyf &w,f/ udk,fydkif vu©Pmav;awGudk rodbJeJY jzpfw,fysufw,f oGm;vkyv f Ykd r&ao;bl;wJ/h tawG;tjzpf tawG;tysuf jzpfomG ;vdrrhf ,f/ rNrw J o hJ abm oGm;pOf;pm;&if tawG;xJrmS ay:wJh rNrw J myJjzpfr,f? ]opäd u|y&rw¬} vdkYac:wJh wu,hfudk udk,fwkdifodwJh y&rw¬tESpfvu©Pm xdatmif rqdkufxdEdkifbl;/ tJ'gqdk 0dyóemÓPfrjzpfao;bl;vdkY 'Dvdk ajymw,f/ rSefuefwJhtawG;u 0dyóemudk aus;Zl;jyKayr,hfvdkY wu,hf 0dyóemtppfqv kd &Ykd &dS if wu,fjzpfaewmudk wu,fjrifw[ hJ mrS 0dyó emtppfvdkY ajym&rSmayhg/ 'gudkyJ y&rwfjrifw,fvdkY ajymwmayhgaemf/ ]opädu|} wJh wu,frSefuefwJhoabm? ]y&rw¬} wJh vHk;0ajymif;vJrI r&SdwJh wu,hftppftrSefoabm? tJ'DoabmudkjrifzdkY&m jrif&wJhtae txm;xdatmif &S&d r,f? awG;Munhw f t hJ awG;[m trSerf [kwb f ;l ? pdwx f J u yHkazmfxm;wmom jzpfw,fayhg/ pdwu f yHak zmfxm;wmawG[m ud, k yf akH zmfcsio f vdk azmfv&Ykd wm yJ/ 'gu trSew f &m;b,f[w k rf vJ? pdwu f ;l eJY yHak zmfxm;wmawGu trSef w&m;r[kwfbl;wJh? wpfcgwpf&H yef;csDawG[m pdwful;eJYyHkazmfxm;wm r[kwv f m;? "mwfy½kH u kd , f w l t hJ cgusawmh pdwu f ;l eJyY akH zmfwm [kw&f UJ vm;? r[kwfbl;/ t&Sdukd ½dkuf,lwJh[mrsdK;yJ/ y&rwfqdkwm wu,hft&Sdç wu,hftodeJY odwJh[mrsdK;rS y&rw¬? tJ'aD wmh awG;Ny;D awmhMunhw f mrsKd ;uawmh rSeu f efwt hJ awG;qd&k if taxmuftuljyKygw,f/ rjyKb;l ajymwmr[kwb f ;l / rSeu f efwt hJ awG;eJY awG;vdkY&Sd&if taxmuftuljzpfw,f/ odkYaomf tJ'DtawG;wif qdkvdkY&Sd &if todÓPfr[kwfao;bl;ayhg/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

owdo Yk m;av; touf&n S jf cif; &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H ) ]]'Doli,fav;rSm tEÅ&m,fwpfck&Sdaew,f}}[k ajzMum;&m ykPÖm;vifr,m;u]]'Dom;i,f toufb,favmuf&Snf yghrvJ}} [k xyfqihaf r;vku d o f nf/ xkt d cg &aoh ykPÖm;BuD;u ]]ckESpf&ufyJ touf&Snfvdrhfr,f}} ]]t&Sifbk&m; 'Duav; touf&Snf atmif b,fvv dk yk &f rSmvJ t&Sib f &k m;? trde&Yf dS oAÁnKb&k m; 'DCv*ÐuNrKUd ukd trSjD yK awmfrlygbk&m;}} ]]'g,um touf&n S af tmifjyK&r,fh í awm&ausmif;ü oDwif;okH;aeawmfrlpOf 'DCv*ÐuNrKdUom;ESpfa,mufwdkYonf omoem taMumif;ukd igrodyg}} ]]t&S i f b k & m; touf & S n f a tmif awmf r S t yjzpf a om &aoh & [ef ; tjzpf f aMumif;ukd b,forl sm;od&ydS govJ cH,v l suf av;q,f&h pS Ef pS w f ikd w f ikd f ]ylyefapwwf jyKvyk &f rnht aomtusih f } uk d usih f B uH v suf a euk e f \ / t&Sifbk&m;odvQif rdefYawmfrlyg}} ]]&[ef;a*gwr odayw,f? &[ef; xkd&aoh&[ef;ESpfOD;wdkYwGif wpfa,mufaomol onf ]ig[m &[ef ; jyKaejcif ; aMumif h a*gwrxH oGm;a&mufar;jref;Muacs}} [k &aoh rsKd;EG,fpOfquf ysufvdrfhr,f} [k BuHpnfum u rdefYMum;vkdufonf/ xkdtcg &aohvlxGuf ol \ tusih f e nf ; vrf ; uk d ol w pf y g;wk d Y t m; ykPÖm;u ]]&[ef;a*gwrxHoGm;u tuREkfyfwdkY EGm;taumif wpf&m? aiGwpfyó d mESiafh &mif;Ny;D rSm tusihf,kwfoGm;rSmaMumufygw,f t&Sif xk d y pö n f ; Opö m t&if ; tES D ; jzih f r,m;,l í bk&m;}} ]]'g,um oihfom;ukd wu,fcspf&if vkyfukdifpm;aomufaeavonf/ oG m ;ar;ayh g? tusipfh w k rf mS ,kwrf mS ukd raMumuf rsm;rMumrDESpftwGif; &aoh&[ef; vl x G u f y k P Ö m ;\ZeD ; r,m;rS m om;i,f ygeJ}Y } om;i,fudk csppf w d Ef iS t fh usi, hf w k rf mS wpfa,mufzGm;jrifavonf/ &aoh&[ef;0wf uk d raM u muf y gES i h f [ l a om &aoh B u D ; \ pum; jzihf aexkid Nf rjJ zpfaom ykPmÖ ;onf t&yfwpfyg; odkY oGm;a&mufae&mrS 'DCv*ÐuNrKdUokdY jyef aMumihf &aohvlxGufykPÖm;u owd oHa0*& a&mufvm\/ xkt d cg &aohvx l u G yf P k mÖ ;onf oGm;um t,l0g'rmeukd csKd;ESdrfvsuf a*gwr ZeD;r,m; om;i,fwu Ykd adk c:aqmifum rdwaf qG bk&m;xH oGm;a&mufum &Sdckd;zl;arQmfavonf/ ykPÖm;BuD;&Sdckd;aomtcg bk&m;u ]]oifwdkYtm; &aohykPÖm;xH oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmfMuonf/ rd w f a qG & aoh x H a &muf a omtcg touf & S n f M uygapuk e f } } [k qk a y;onf / om;i,fukd ZeD;r,m;tm;ay;xm;NyD; a&S;OD;pGm ykPÖm;BuD; ZeD;r,m;wpfvSnfh &Sdckd;jyefaom &aohvlxGufykPÖm;BuD;u rdwfaqG&aohBuD;ukd tcgüvnf ; ]]oif w d k Y t m; touf & S n f M u &Sdckd;\/ xkdYaemuf ykPÖm;BuD;\ZeD;r,m;u ygapukef}} [k qkay;NyD; om;i,fav;&Sdckd;aom om;i,fukd ykPÖm;BuD;tm;ay;xm;NyD; &Sdckd;jyef tcg bk&m;u qkay;awmfrrlbJ &aohBuD; onf/ ykPÖm;BuD;vifr,m;wdkY &Sdckd;aomtcg enf;wl EIwfqdwfaeawmfrl\/ ]]t&Sifa*gwr tuREkfyfwdkY &Sdckd;aom &aohykPÖm;BuD;u ]]oifwdkYtm; touf&SnfMu apukef}} [lí qkay;vkdufonf/ om;i,fav; tcg qkay;NyD; om;i,f&Sdckd;aomtcg tb,fh &S d c k d ; apaomtcgwG i f u m; &aoh y k P Ö m ;BuD ; aMumihf qkray;ygovJ}} [k ar;avQmuf&m qkray;? EIwfqdwfpGmaeavonf/ xkdtcg bk&m;u ]]'Doli,frSm tEÅ&m,f&SdvdkY touf r&S n f E k d i f ? 'gaMumih f qk r ay;jcif ; jzpf w ,f ykPÖm; vifr,m;ESpfa,mufu]]t&Si&f aohBu;D tuREyfk w f v Ykd ifr,m; yk P Ö m ;}} [k rd e f Y a wmf r l & m yk P Ö m ;BuD ; onf &Sdckd;MuwJhtcg oifwdkY touf&SnfMuapukefvkdY ol\rEÅmefynm ESifh uav;ukd qifjcifMunh&f m qkay;Ny;D om;&Scd ;dk awmh tb,fah Mumihf qkray; &aohq&mESihf a*gwrbk&m;wdYk tqkdtrdefYrSm ygoenf;}} [k ar;vku d Mf u&m &aohyP k mÖ ;Bu;D u rSefaeayonf/ odkYaomf xkduav;ü usa&muf

rnfhtEÅ&m,f jy,faysmufatmifum; ykPÖm; BuD;r ukpm;wwf? xkdYaMumihf]]t&Sifa*gwr uav;rSm usa&muf r,fh tEÅ&m,faysmufapaom enf;vrf;&Sdyg ovm;? enf;vrf;&Sd&if trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}} ]]aumif;NyD? ykPÖm;BuD; 'Dvkdqkd&if oif\tdrw f cH g;0rSm r@yfaqmufNy;D vQif tJ'D r@yftv,frSm ]tifysOf} ukd&Hvsuf &Spfck? wpfq,hfajcmufckaom ae&mwdkYukd cif;xm;yg? tJ'aD e&mrSm ig&JUwynho f m;oHCmrsm;ukad eap um ckepf&ufywfvkH; toHrpJ y&dwfw&m; &G w f y G m ;jcif ; trI u k d oif j yKvk y f E k d i f y gu oifhom;&JU touftEÅ&m,f aysmufjy,foGm; vd r h f r ,f yk P Ö m ;BuD ; }}[k rd e f Y a wmf r l & m ykPÖm;BuD;u]]bkef;awmfBuD;aom t&Sifbk&m;? uREkfyftaeeJY t&Sifbk&m;rdefYawmfrlwJh r@yf pwmawGukd wwfEkdifygw,f? t&Sifbk&m;&JU wynf h o m;oH C muk d uREk f y f b ,f t &yf r S m yihf&rSef;rodygbk&m;}} ]]ykPmÖ ;Bu;D r@yfev YJ t dk yfwmawGom pDpOfyg? oHCmudk igapvTwfvkdufrnf}} ]]aumif;ygNyD t&Sifbk&m;}} [k 0efcH um jyKvkyfzG,fudpöwdkYukd pDrHNyD;vQif bk&m;tm; tqifoihfaqmif&GufNyD;aMumif; oGm;a&muf avQmuf x m;avonf / bk & m;&S i f u vnf ; oHCm y&dowfukd ykPÖm;BuD;tdrfodkY apvTwf vk d u f \ / oH C mawmf r sm;vnf ; yk P Ö m ;BuD ; aetdrfa&mufvQif oli,fukdac:aqmifum r@yf t v,f tif ; ysOf 0 ,f td y f a pvsuf ckepf&ufvkH; y&dwf&GwfyGm;í tEÅ&m,fukd wm;qD;Muavonf/ ckepf&ufjynhaf omaeYwiG f bk&m;ukd,fawmfwdkif <ua&mufawmfrlvm\/ ykPÖm;BuD;aetdrfr@yf okdY bk&m;<uvmvQif pMu0VmtwGi;f üaeukef aom ewftaygif;wdYk pnf ; a0;Mu&m ]ol i ,f u k d a0ó0Pf e wf rif;BuD;xHrS ckepf&ufajrmuf aomf pm;ap} [k tcG i h f & xm;aom ]t0½k ' ¨ u } bD v l ; vnf ; a&muf&Sdvm\/ r@yf 0 ,f bk & m;oD w if ; ok H ; aom tcg wefckd;BuD;aomewfrsm; bk&m;\a&SUwGif ae&m,l M uonf / wef c k d ; enf ; aomewf w d k Y pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

9

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

a*gwrAk'¨ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r® jyóemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)

,cif t ywf r S t quf ]jrwfpGmbk&m; uREfkyfonf umvmr tEG,fjzpfaom tmVm&*kdPf;q&mBuD;tay:ü MunfnKd aeaom o'¨gw&m;udk av;jyif;rkew f ikd ;f ürlvnf; wpfpHkwpfckudk vTihfbdouJhodkY vTihfypf vdkufyg\/ a&pD;oefaom jrpfürlvnf; wpfpHk wpfckudkarQmbdouJhodkY arQmypfvkdufyg\. jrwfpGmbk&m; trSefESpfoufzG,f&Sdyg aypG ? jrwf p G m bk & m;avmu Oyrmtm;jzih f arSmufxm;aomtdk;udkvSefvdkufouJhodkYvnf; aumif;? zHk;tkyfxm;aomt&m0w¬Kudk zGihfvSpf vdkufouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? rsufpdvnfvrf;rSm; aomoltm; vrf;rSefudkajymMum;vkdufouJhodkY vnf;aumif;? rsufpdtjrif&Sdaom olwdkYonf tqif;trsK;d rsK;d wdu Yk jkd rifMuayvdrrhf nf[k trdu k f arSmifü qDrD;wefaqmifudkxGef;nd§xm;ouJhodkY vnf;aumif;? xdktwlyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tuREfkyftm; rsm;pGmaomtaMumif;jzihf w&m; awmfudk xif&Sm;pGma[mjyawmfrltyfygayNyD/ jrwfpGmbk&m; uREfkyfonf jrwfpGm bk&m;udkvnf;aumif;? w&m;awmfudkvnf; aumif;? oHCmawmfudkvnf;aumi;f udk;uG,f vJavsmif;ykef;atmif;&m[lí odrSwfqnf;uyf &yg\/ bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; onf uREfkyfudk ,aeYrSpí touf&SnforQ umvywfvHk; o&P*Hkwnfol Oygoum[lí rSwf,lawmfrlygavmh} [k avQmufxm;NyD; o& P*HkcH,lavonf/ xdkYaemuf yuúKorv’mrif;om;onf rif ; csif ; a,musf m ;wpf a ,muf u d k a c:í ]tarmif ig\a&Tqif;&Sdaom r*FvmyGJxdkif t0wfacsm 0wfvJawmfwpfpHkudk aqmif,lcJhyg av}

[k apcdkif;um xdkrif;csif;a,musfm; ,laqmifí a&muf&Sdvmavaomf ]jrwfpGmbk&m; a&Ttqif;&Sdaom þ r*FvmyGJxdkif t0wfacsmtpHkudk &Sifawmfbk&m; onf uREf k y f u d k oem;orI taMumif ; jyKí u½k P ma&S U ½I t vS L cH a wmf r l y gbk & m;} [k avQmufxm;NyD; bk&m;&Sifudk qufuyfvSL'gef; avonf/ ]ykuúKo xdkodkYjzpfvQif t0wfwpf xnf u d k igbk & m;tm;vS L avmh ? þok d Y a om t0wfwpfxnfudk tmeE´mtm;vSLygavmh} [k bk&m;&Sifu rdefYMum;ojzihf yuúKorv’rif;om; onf wpf x nf u d k bk & m;tm;vS L í usefwpfxnfudk &SiftmeE´mtm; vSLavonf/ xdaYk emuf bk&m;&Sio f nf ykuKú o rv’ rif;om;udk w&m;pum;jzihf tusKd;pD;yGm;udkod jrif a pvsuf w&m;ud k aqmuf w nf a pum w&m;usio fh ;kH &ef xufoef&iT v f ef;apawmfr\ l / ykuKú o rv’rif;om;onfvnf; w&m; ü aqmufwnf&efxufoef&Tifvef;NyD;aemuf bk&m;&Sifudk ½dkaojrwfEdk;&Sdcdk;í zJcGmoGm;av onf/ xdkYaemuf &SiftmeE´monf ykuúKo rv’rif;om;zJcGmí rMumjrihfrDyif a&Ttqif;&Sd aom t0wfacsmtpHu k kd bk&m;&Si\ f ud, k af wmf ü qufuyfwifvTrf;ay;avonf/ bk&m;&Si\ f NyKd ;NyKd ;jyufjyuf awmufy aom yuwdu, kd af wmfü qufuyfwifvrT ;f vdu k f aomtcg xdkt0wfpHkonf ta&mift0g uif; ouJhodkY jzpfoGm;avonf/ þtaMumif ; ud k t&S i f t meE´ m r rax&f u wtH h w Mojzpf N yD ; bk & m;&S i f u d k avQmufxm;onf/ xdktcg bk&m;&Sifu

]tmeE´m þpum;onfrSef\? ESpfyg; aomtcgwdkYü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ udk,fawmfonf tvGev f Qif pifMu,f\/ ta&tqif;awmfonf tvGefvQifNydK;NydK;jyufjyuf awmufy\/ ESpfyg; aomtcgwdkY[lonf ]tmeE´ m jrwf p G m bk & m;onf tjrwf q H k ; jzpf a om or® m oarÁ m "d Ó Pf u d k &awmfrlaomtcgESihf cE¨m<uif;r&Sd Nidrf;jcif; oabm (tEkyg'daooedAÁmef)pH0ifaom nOfh tcgwdkYjzpfayonf/ cspo f m; tmeE´m þESpyf g;aom tcg wdkYü bk&m;&Sif\ udk,fawmfonf tvGefvQif pifMu,f\/ ta&tqif;awmfonf tvGef vQifNydK;NydK;jyufjyufawmufy\/ (om;orD;r&EkdifrI jyóem) aAm"drif;om;onf bk&if Oa'e rif;ESihf p@yaZÆmwrif;\ orD; 0gokv 'wå wdkY\ om;awmfjzpfonf/ aAm"drif;om;onf crnf;awmf Oa'erif;\txHü qifMuefrEÅmef twwfuo kd ifMum;í qiftwwf0,f wpfbuf urf;cwf wwfajrmufoljzpfí b*¾wdkif; okok rm&D*D&NrdKUü aexdkifavonf/ aAm"drif;om;onf ajrtjyifwGif tjcm; jymom'f w d k Y E S i h f r wl wrl x l ; jcm;NyD ; aumif;uifodkY ysHwufvkrwwf qef;jym;vSpGm aom ]aumuEk ' } rnf a om jymom'f u d k aqmufvkyfapí vuform;q&mBuD;udk]oifonf tjcm;t&yfüvnf; þ jymom'frsKd;udk aqmufvkyftyfzl;ygoavm odkYr[kwf ,ckvufrItwwfonf oifhtzdkY&m a&S;OD; pGmaom vuf&mayavm} [kar;jref;onf/ ]t&Sirf if;om; uREykf w f t Ykd zd&Yk m a&S;OD; pGmaom vuf&mjzpfygonfbk&m;} [k avQmuf xm;aomf aAm"drif;om;onf ]tu,fírsm; þvuform; q&m BuD;onf tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;twGufvnf; þuJh okdYaom jymom'frsKd;udk aqmufvkyfcJhvQif ig\ þaumuEk ' jymom'f o nf vl t aygif ; ud k pkyfoyf&Tifaom tHhMocsD;rGrf;zG,fjzpfawmhrnf pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; . . . jrwfA' k ¨

OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f ) ,cif t ywf r S t quf tyk d i f ; (2) r[mvl o m;uk d arG ; zG m ;jcif ; zG m ;awmf r l c sd e f jrwfA'k a¨ vsmif;vsm od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;ukd c&pfawmfray:rD bDpD 624-ckESpfwGif zGm;jrif cJhonf/ (Ak'¨y&dedAÁmefpHonhfESpfukd bDpD 544? 486? 483-[k trsKd;rsKd;,lqMuonf/) urÇmh bmoma&; orkid ;f ü ouf&v dS o l m; bk&m;tvsm ukd arG;zGm;jcif;jzpf\/ urÇmay:wGif c&pf,mef? [dE´L? tpövmrf? Ak'¨bmom[lí bmomBuD; (4)ck&Sd&m c&pf,mefwdkY\bk&m;rSm xm0&ocif (GOd) jzpf\/ [dE´Lbmom0ifwdkY\bk&m;rSm jA[®m (Great Soul) jzpf\/ tpövmrfwdkY\ bk&m;rSm tv’m[f (Allah)jzpf\/ tm;vkH; zefqif;&Sif wefckd;&Sifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkY onf zefqif;&SifjzpfNyD; ouf&SdoufrJht&m rSeo f rQonf zefqif;cHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwrYkd mS vlom;rsm;r[kwfMuyg/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmwpfyg;om vlom;u arG;zGm;aom vlom;bk&m;jzpf\/ jrwf A k ' ¨ z G m ;&m Zmwd r S m vk r Á d e D (Rummendei) jzpf\/ vkrÁdeDonf ,cktcg tdE, d´ Ekid if t H a&SUajrmufbuf e,fpyfteD; eDayg Ek d i f i H t wG i f ; (Pipasava) ta&S U buf w G i f &S d o nf / xk d a e&mü jrwf A k ' ¨ y &d e d A Á m ef p H N yD ; ES p f a ygif ; (218)tMumwG i f eef ; wuf a om urÇmausmf taomurif;w&m;Bu;D (bDpD 268232)u ]]þae&mum; ousrk e d A k ' ¨ z G m ;&m a'oaywnf;}}[k urÜnf;armfuGef; ausmufpm wdkifpkdufí rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ orkdif;0if jzpf&yf (Historical Character) jzpfcJhaMumif; cRi;f csurf &Sd vufccH MhJ u&ayonf/ (2500 years of Buddhism,PP18-)

ousrsKd ; EG , f r sm; jrwfA'k a¨ vsmif;vsm od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;\ crnf;awmfrSm oka'¨g'e&mZmjzpf\/ r,fawmf rSm rm,ma'0Djzpf\/ ousrsK;d EG,f cwå, d rsm;wnf;/ xkdpOfu tdE´d,EkdifiHwGif vlwef;pm; BuD;av;&yf&Sdonf/ cwåd,? jAm[®P? a0ó? ok'w ´ jYkd zpfMu\/ cwå, d wdrYk mS tkycf sKyo f l rif;pk;d &mZmrsm;jzpfMuonf/ jAm[®PwdkYrSm bmom a&;0efaqmifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ a0ówdkYrSm

ukefoG,fa&mif;0,folrsm;jzpfí ok'´wdkYum; tedrfhqkH;tvTm qif;&Jom;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ cwåd,ESihfjAm[®PwdkYrSm rnfonhf acwfumvürqkd txufwef;vTmrsm;jzpfMu \/ Ak'¨yGihfay:csdefwGif cwåd,wdkYrSm tjrifhqkH; vlYtvTmrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ouúEkdifiH ouú E k d i f i H o nf ta&S U taemuf rkdifig;q,f? awmifESihfajrmuf rkdifokH;q,f cef Y o m us,f 0 ef ; \/ ajrmuf b uf w G i f pd r f ; vJ h n Kd j ymaom [d r 0EÅ m awmif w ef ; BuD ; &Sdonf/ ESif;vTmukdNcKHxm;ojzihf tjrifqef; aeonf/ ta&SUbufwGif a&m[deDjrpfa&u woGifoGif pD;aeonf/ taemufbufwGif aumovrif;BuD;\ aumovEkdifiH&Sdonf/ ouú E k d i f i H o nf ,ck t cg a*g&u© f y l & f c ½k d i f bdem,ufyl&f? befpD;? [ma0vD a'orsm; yg0if a ome,f a jra'ojzpf o nf / ouú E k d i f i H o nf a&cH a jrcH a umif ; ojzihf <u,f0onf/ pkdajyonf/ qefa&pyg; aygrsm;onf/ Ekid if o H l Ekid if o H m;rsm;rSm oef&Y iS ;f í vSyacsmarmMuonf/ oka'¨g'e&mZmESifh rm[ma'0Dwo Ykd nf touft&G,fBuD;&ihfrS jrwfAk'¨avmif;vsm od'¨w¦rif;om;ukd zGm;jrifjcif;jzpfonf/ rm,m a'0Donf om;awmfudk zGm;jrifNy;D p 7 &uftMum wGif ewf&mG pHonf/ nDrjzpfol yZmywda*gwrD u tavmif;awmftm; auR;arG;okwfoifcJh onf/ arQmf v ih f c suf B uD ; ES p f & yf xkpd Ofu tdE, d´ Ekid if w H iG f tBu;D rm;qk;H arQmfvifhcsufBuD;ESpf&yf&Sdaeonf[k ,lq&onf/ wpfckrSm avmuDvlYudpöjzpf\/ rif;{u&mZfb0 wnf;/ e,fy,fa'otoD;oD; ukd tkyfcsKyfol (Raja) rsm;ukd ya'o&mZf[k ac:í e,fajrtm;vk;H ukd ykid q f idk o f u l dk {u&mZf [k ac:Muonf/ {u&mZfrif;ukd pMu0aw;[k ac:Ekdifonf/ (taomurif;ukd pMu0aw;rif; [k t|uxmrsm;ü azmf j yxm;onf / ) pMu0aw;rif ; onf avmue,f y ,f w G i f tjrihfqkH;jzpfonf/ tjcm;wpfckrSm avmuDvlYabmifESihf

rqkdif/ bmoma&;e,fy,frS arQmfrSef;csufjzpf onf/ bk&m;tjzpfwnf;/ jrwfAk'¨ray:rDuyif tdE´d,EkdifiHü bk&m;trnfcH wwådq&mBuD; ajcmufO;D ay:aygufaeNy;D jzpfonf/ ouf&b dS &k m; [k xif & S m ;Muonf / xk d q &mBuD ; rsm;onf vl Y t vT m toD ; oD ; wG i f ol Y e nf ; ol Y [ ef j zif h tylaZmfcHyk*¾KdvfBuD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkY teuf Ak'¨pmayü ed*@em#ykwå[kac:aom r[m0D&rSm *sdef;bmom (Jainism) ukd wnf axmifaomq&mBuD;jzpfonf/ *sdef;bmom onf tdE´d,EkdifiHü ,aeYwdkif tajcpGJaeaom bmom a&;*kdPf;*Pwpfckjzpfayonf/ ouswk d Y a rQmf v ih f c suf od'¨w¦rif;om; zGm;jrifvmaomtcg crnf;awmfrif;Bu;D u vu©Pmawmfzwf ykPmÖ ; awmf&SpfOD;tm; edrdwfzwfaponf/ ckepfOD;u vufn§Kd;ESpfacsmif;axmifí vlYabmifüaeu pMu0aw;rif;jzpfrnf/ awmxGuf w&m;usiu fh bk & m;jzpf v d r f h r nf [ k a[mqk d M uonf / ti,f q k H ; aum@nyk P Ö m ;u vuf n § K d ; wpfacsmif;axmifum {uEÅbk&m;jzpfrnf[k a[mcJhonf/ ousw\ Ykd qE´rmS od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;tm; awmrxGufapvkd/ rif;{u&mZfom jzpfapvdk onf/ od'¨w¦ rif;{u&mZfjzpfrSom aumov wdik ;f &Sif yaoe'Daumovrif;vk?d r*"wkid ;f &Sif Adro dÁ m&rif;vdk vufeufEidk if BH u;D &Sijf zpfvrd rfh nf/ ¤if;wdkYtm; tEkdif&í ousrsKd;EG,fwdkYonf *kPf&nfwifhvdrhfrnf[k arQmfvifhaeMuonf/ ykPmÖ ;awmfcek pfO;D \ ]]awmxGuv f rd hf rnf}} qkdaom ta[m/ aum@nykPÖm;\ ]]{uEÅb&k m;jzpfvrd rfh nf}} [laom pum;wdo Yk nf ouswt Ykd wGuf aq;cg;Bu;D jzpfonf/ olwo Ykd nf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;tm; awmrxGuaf tmif trsK;d rsK;d


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ BuHaqmifMu\/ 16 ESpft&G,fwGif 0rf;uGJESpfr jzpfol ,aomf"&mrif;orD;ESihf vufqufay;cJh \/ aqmif;aEGrkd; eef;okH;aqmifwGif tvSnhfus pHjref;apcJh\/ 13-ESpfMumjrihfoGm;onf/ b0tvS n f h t auG U od ' ¨ w ¦ r if ; om;onf wpf a eY w G i f O,smOfupm;xGufonf/ O,smOfawmfü oltkd? olem?olao? &[ef;[laom jrifuiG ;f Bu;D av;&yf (edrdwfBuD;av;yg;) ukd jrifawGU&onf/ edrw d Bf u;D av;yg;onf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om; \ ESvkH;om;ukd vIyfEId;vkdufonf/ tkdjcif;ukd omreftm;jziho f cd \ hJ / oload om tkrd if;jcif;rSm olcY rnf;awmf oka'¨g'e&mZmvkd toufBu;D ol? r,fawmfrm,mvkd tkrd if;olwo Ykd mjzpf\/ tkrd if; &Gww f ?G cg;ukid ;f em;xkid ;f ? uwkeu f ,if ,dr;f ,dik f ,kdif vIyf&Sm;aeaom aowGif;EIwfcrf;0a&muf tkrd if;&ihaf &mforl sm;ukd rawGUpzl;/ olem? olao? &[ef;wdu Yk u dk m; wpfBurd w f pfcgrQ jrifawGUcJ[ h efr&S/d txl ; ojzih f &[ef ; \toG i f o nf ol\ESvkH;om;ukd vIyfcwfapcJhonf/ arG;zGm; oefYpifcsdefrS ,aeYwdkif olavQmufcJhaomvrf; um; acsmarGUjcif;twdom/ vkdw&aomb0 jzpf\/ aysmf&TifrItwdjzpf\/ rufarmzG,f&m b0 wG,fwmp&mb0/ od&Yk mwGif xkb d 0um; vGwv f yfru I if; \/ rGef;Muyf\/ oHa,mZOftaESmiftzGJUwkdYjzihf &pfywfae\/ xkdYaMumihf aemifjrwfAk'¨tjzpfodkY a&mufaomtcg t&Sif;qkH;? tvif;qkH; þodkY rdefY`rGwfcJh\tdrf&maxmifonhfb0um; usOf;ajrmif;vS\/ (rG e f ; Muyf v S \ ) ud a vomjrLrI e f x ef < u&m jzpf \ / &[ef ; b0um; vG i f w D ; acgif y rm vG w f v yf \ / twm;tqD ; rJ h j zpf \ / þod k Y awG;awmqifjcifrdojzihf ig&[ef;jyKcJhjcif; jzpf\/ (okwåedygw? *gxm? 408) ol Y t awG ; uk d , f h t awG ; od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;onf edrw d Bf u;D av;yg; uk d jrif a wG U NyD ; aemuf naeqnf ; qmwG i f eef;awmfojYkd yefvmonf/ aejcnfnK§ ;d pjzpfojzihf 0ifvkqJaerif;\tvif;0,f od'¨w¦\toa& rSm wifhw,fcsifwdkif; wifhw,faeonf/ ouf awmf ok;H q,f0ef;usif a,musmf ;wpfa,muf\ tvSrSm rdef;rom;wdkYtwGuf wdrf;rufñTwfEl; zG,fjzpfonf/ od ' ¨ w ¦ \ tvS u k d trS w f w & owd j yKrd o l u ud o mjzpf \ / jrif ; uaom &xm;ay:wGif ygvmaomod'w ¨ \ ¦ usuo f a& onf udomtm; wdrf;rl;aponf/ udomonf

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eef;jywif;rS ai;arQmf&if; oDcsif;wpfyk'fukd ji;D xkwrf o d nf/ ]]onfvkdom;rsKd;ukd arG;xkwf&onhf rdcif\ESvkH;om;onf Nidrf;at;aypG? onfvdk om;rsKd ; uk d arG ; zG m ;&onh f zcif o nf v nf ; Nidrf;at;aypG? onfvkdvifom;rsKd;ukd ykdifqkdif cGihf&onhf ZeD;cifyGef;onfvnf; Nidrf;at; aypGwum;}}/ (Zmwu|uxm? 1? 71) od'¨w¦onf udom\aw;oHomukd Mum;&aomtcg wkefYqkdif;oGm;\/ &xm;xdef; qEétm; &xm;&yf&ef trdeaYf y;vku d \ f / udom \aw;oG m ;wG i f e d A Á K wm.. ed A Á K wm..

[laom pum;vkH;av;rSm xyfwvJvJyg\/ at;Nidrf;aypG? at;Nidrf;aypG/ ,if;pum;oHonf od'¨w¦\b0ukd wpfqpfcsKd;ajymif;vJay;vdrhfrnfukd udomrod &Smay/ od'¨w¦awG;rdaomtawG;rSm ]]udom ajymonhf at;Nidrf;rIqkdonfrSm ESvkH;om; Nidrf;csrf;rIjzpf\/ w'*F Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpf\/ xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&;r[kwf/ cHpm;rIcsrf;omxuf at;Nidrf;aomcsrf;omtppf (oEÅdokc)ukd ig&Sm rnf}} [líjzpf\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

pmrsuf E S m 9 rS r[kwfacs/ odkY&um; igonf þvuform; q&mBuD;udk uGyfrsuf owfjzwfrS (odkYr[kwf) vufajcwdkYudkjzwfrS (odkYr[kwf) rsufpdESpfvHk; wdkYudk azmufxkwfrS oihfavQmfrnf/ þodkYjyKrS om tjcm;olwpfyg;twGuf þjymom'frsKd;udk raqmufvkyfEkdifacs} [lí&ufpufMurf;MuKwf aom tBuHudk BuHpnfrdavonf/ aAm"d r if ; om;onf rd r d \ tBuHtpnfudk rdrdESihftvGef&if;ESDS;aom oli,f csif;jzpfol oÍÆdumykwåtrnf&Sdaom vkvif tm; zGihf[wdkifyifajymMum;onf/ oÍÆ d u myk w å o nf pOf ; pm;qif j cif oem;wwfoljzpfí ]þrif;om;onf ,Hrk mS ;zG,rf &S?d {uEÅ yif vuform;q&mBuD;udk azsmufzsufypfvdrfh rnf / ynm&S i f B uD ; um; tzd k ; twd k i f ; rod xdkufwefol jzpfavonf/ xdktzdk;twdkif; rod xdkufwefaom ynm&SdBuD;wpfa,mufonf igjrifpOf rysupf ;D ygapvih/f xdyk nm&SiBf u;D tm; igonf trSwftcsufudk today;OD;rSmyJ} [k qifjcifBupH nfNy;D vQif vuform;q&mBu;D xHoYkd oGm;a&mufí ]jymom'füq&mBuD;\ vkyfief;pOfNyD; qHk;NyDavm? rNyD;qHk;ao;bl;avm} [kar;onf/ ]NyD;qHk;ygNyD vkvif} ]q&mBuD; aAm"drif;om;onf q&m Bu;D udk azsmufzsuyf pfvo dk nf/ rdru d , dk u f kd owd xm;íapmihfa&Smufygavmh} [k owday;pum; ajymMum;avonf/ ]t&S i f t&S i f o nf uREf k y f t m; xd k t aMumi;f u d k a jymMum;tod a y;onf r S m tvGeaf umif;jrwfaom tvkyu f kd jyKvyk t f yfyg ayonf/ þt&mü uREfkyfonf jyKvkyfaqmif &GufzG,f&SdorQudk owdxm;pOf;pm;í aqmif &GufoGm;ygrnf} [k aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymMum;

onf/ aemufaeYwiG f aAm"drif;om;u vuf orm;q&mBuD;udk]q&mBuD ; tod k Y e nf ; aumuEk ' jymom'fü vkyfaqmifp&mtvkyfrsm; NyD;pD;ygNyD avm} [k ar;onf/ ]t&Sifrif;om; rNyD;qHk;ao;yg/ &Guf aqmifz, G t f rIrsm; rsm;pGmuse&f adS eygao;onf} ]rnfuo hJ aYkd omtvkyrf sm; use&f adS eyg ao;oenf;} ]t&Sirf if;om; aemufrS avQmufxm; ygrnf/ opfom;rsm;udkom tjrefydkYay;apvdkyg onf} [k vdrrf m yg;eyfpmG avQmufxm;avonf/ ]rnfuJhodkYaom tusKd;udk ydkYapvdkyg oenf;} ]&raeom; ponfwdkYuJhodkY aygYyg; ajcmufaoGUonfh tom;rsm;udk ydkYay;apvdkyg onf t&Sifrif;om;} [k avQmufxm;aomf rif;om;onf ,HkMunfum vuform;q&mBuD;awmif;aom opfom;wdkYudk ydkYay;aponf/ xk d Y a emuf vuf o rm;q&mBuD ; u aAm"drif;om;udk ]t&Sirf if;om; t&Sio f nf þtcsed rf S pí uREfkyfxHodkY r<uvmygESihfawmh uREfkyfonf vGefodrfarGUaom vuform;tvkyfudk jyKvkyf& ygawmhrnf/ uREfkyftzdkY&m tjcm;olwpfOD;ESihf pum;ajymqdkae&vQif tvkyfzihfEGJU tvGJvGJjzpf Ekdifygonf/ txl;tm;jzihf xrif;pm;csdefrSm uREfkyf\ r,m;onfyif xrif;ukd aqmifMuOf; zdkYvmygvdrhfrnf} [k ,HkMunfavmufatmif pum;ajymMum;avaomf rif ; om;vnf ; aumif;NyD[lí 0efcHavonf/ usrf;ukd;- r[mAk'¨0ifusrf; (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )


DHAMMA TALKS

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"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

ukodkvftukodkvfjyK&mütusdK;- aZmapwemaumuf,lyHkrsm; [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if yk*¾dKvfowå0gwdkY ukodkvf- tukodkvfjyKMu&mü- aZmckepfcsuf jzpfMu&mwGi?f y|raZmapwemonf y|rb0ütusKd ;ay;Ny;D ? owåraZm apwemonf 'kwd,b0wGif tusdK;ay;\/ tv,faZmig;csufapwem onf wwd,b0rS t&[wår*fzdkvfqdkufí &[EÅmjzpfonhfwdkifatmif? ig;b0wdkYü tusdK;ay;onf[lí yd#uwfa'oemusrf;*efvmpum;wdkYü? rdefYqdkawmfrlygonf/ xdkodkYrdefYqdkawmfrlaom aZmapwemtusdK;ay; aumuf,yl w kH rYkd mS txl;yif odrw S x f m;p&maumif;vSayonf/ ax&0g' Ak'o ¨ moemawmf0ifoal wmfpify*k Kd¾ vw f t Ykd aejzihf txl;odrw S x f m;oifMh u ygaomtaMumif; tcsuBf u;D rsm;jzpfygí? rdrpd ak qmif;rSwo f m;&oavmuf yd#uwfawmfvm "r®okwtcsufwdkYudk wifjya&;om;vdkygonf/ tusd K ;ay;csd e f o r*Ø w mtcd k u f t wef Y o abmrsm; ukodkvf? tukodkvfjyKaomtcsdefrSpí? tusdK;ay;aomtcsdef txd jynfpHkjcif;or*Øwm tckduftwefYoabmrsm;udk OD;pGmwifjyvdkyg onf/ or*Øwm tckduftwefYig;yg;&Sdonf/ (1) tm,l[eor*Øwm/ (2) apwemor*Øwm/ (3) ur®or*Øwm/ (4) 0dygu or*ØwmESihf (5) Oy|meor*ØwmwdkYjzpfonf/ (1) ukodkvf? tukodkvftm;xkwfqJ? jyKqJcPü tm,l[e or*Øwmjzpfavonf/ (2) apwemor*Øwmonfvnf; xdkcPüjzpfavonf/ (3) xdt k csed t f cgrSpí &[EÅmrjzpforQumvtwGi;f ü tusKd ; ray;jcif; ur®or*Øwmonfjzpf\/ (4) tusdK;ay;onfhtcdkufü 0dyguor*Øwmjzpf\/ (5) tusdK;ay;&ef*wdtm;avsmfpGm? aemify#doaE¨twGuf? tm½Hkedrdwfxifvmaomtcgü Oy|meor*Øwmjzpfav\[k okwåefyd# uwft*Fkwå&edum,ft|uxmwGif qdkygonf/ v,f w D y &rw¬ ' D y eD r S or*Ø w mav;yg;jyqd k y H k aus;Zl;awmf&Sifv,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;pD&ifawmfrlaom y&rw¬'DyeDwGifrl? (1) apwemor*Øwm? (2) ur®or*Øwm? (3) Oy|me or*Øwm? (4) 0dyguor*Øwm[lí or*Øwmav;yg;omjyqdkawmfrlyg onf/ (1) ukodkvftukodkvfwdkYudk jyKqJtcgü apwemESifhjynhfpHkjcif; onf apwemor*Øwmjzpfonf/ (2) apwemcsKyfaomtcg ur®owådjynhfaejcif;onf? ur® or*Øwmjzpfavonf/ (3) xdkuo H nfaemifb0ü tusKd ;ay;rnfjzpfaomtcg? aocgeD; wGif xdb k 0ESio fh ufqikd af om uH? ur®*wderd w d x f ifjcif;ESijfh ynhpf jkH cif;um; Oy|meor*Øwmjzpfonf/ (4) xdkuHaMumihf 0dyguf (y#doaE¨) jzpfvmaomtcgü? tusdK; 0dygufESihfjynhfpHkjcif;onf 0dyguor*Øwmjzpfavonf/ apwemtqihfrS uHtqih?f uHtqihrf S edrw d t f m½Hx k iftqih?f edrw d t f m½Hx k iftqihrf S 0dyguf tqihf? tqihfav;qifhwjznf;jznf;&ihfvmonf/ pwkw¬t&ifhqHk;tydkif;

udk 0dygu[kac:onf/ avmukwå&m0dygufum; r*¾tqihfrS zvtqihf a&mufjcif;rQjzihf &ihfoGm;onf/ tqihftm;jzihf rnfrQ&ifh&ifh&ifhjcif;yif rSwfyg/ y0wåd0dygufwdkYum; y#doaE¨0dyguftrsdK;tpm;ü tusHK;0ifaom aMumihf? 0dygu[kac:qdk&awmhonfrSwfyg[lí v,fwDy&rw¬'DyeDü rdefYqdkawmf rlygonf/ uk o d k v f t uk o d k v f j yK&mü aZmapwem,l y H k ukodkvftukodkvfjyKMu&mü aZmckepfcsufjzpf&mwGif? y|raZm apwemonf y|rb0wGif tusdK;ay;NyD;? owåaZmapwemonf 'kwd, b0ü tusdK;ay;\/ tv,faZmig;csufapwemonf wwd,b0rS t&[wår*fzdkvf&í &[EÅmjzpfonhfwdkifatmif ig;b0wdkYü tusdK;ay; onfqdkaompum;ü aZmapwemaumuf,lyHkrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfyg onf/ uHo;kH yg;apwemaumuf,&l mü aZm0g&udv k nf;aumif;? y0wåd tusdK;? y#doaE¨tudsK;udkvnf;aumif;? a0zefíaumuf&rnf/ aZm0g& [lonfum; ukodkvf? tukodkvfjyK&mü aZmckepfcsufjzpf&m? xdkaZmckepf csufwpfpOfwpfwef;udk aZm0Dxdwpfck? aZmckepfcsufwpfBudrfpmudk aZm0g&wpfck[kac:qdkonf/ y0wå d t usd K ;ud k j zpf a paomapwemaumuf y H k y0wå d t usd K ;ud k j zpf a paomapwemud k a umuf a omtcg aZm0g&wpfcktwGif;ü ckepfcsufpvHk;udkaumufyg/ xdkapwemckepfcsuf vHk; y0wådusdK;udkjzpfapEkdifaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ y#doaE¨tusddK;udkjzpfapaomapwemudkaumufaomtcg y0wådusdK;udkjzpfapaom apwemaumufovdkaumufír&yg/ aZm0g& wpfcktwGif;ü y#doaE¨udkjzpfapaomapwemonf wpfcsufomyg&Sd aomaMumifhwnf;/ owåraZmapwemaumufvQif tv,faZmapwemraumuf &/ tv,f a Zmapwemaumuf v Qif v nf ; owå r aZmapwemud k raumuf&ay/ aZm0g&wpfckudk y#doaE¨jzpfapaom aZmapwem wpfcsuf[laom pHEIef;Oya'oudk rSwfygav/ 'geuk o d k v f w pf c k t wG u f apwemaumuf y H k ,if;udkxif&Sm;ap&ef 'geukodkvfwpfckü? OyyZÆa0'ed,uH ty&my&d,a0'ed,uHtwGuf apwemaumufyHkudk jyqdkygrnf/ 'ge ukov kd jf yKaomtcg (1) ykAaÁ pwem/ (2) rkÍaö pwem/ (3) ty&apwem [lí apwemoHk;rsdK;&Sdonf/ ay;vSLqJcPüjzpfaomapwemonf rkÍö apwemrnf\/ ¤if;\a&SUtzdkYüjzpfaomapwemonf ykAÁapwemrnf \/ aemuftzdkYüjzpfaomapwemonf ty&apwemrnf\/ rk Í ö t cg\e,f y ,f E S i h f yk A Á t y&wd k Y \ e,f y ,f r sm; rkÍötcgum; OyyZÆa0'eD,uH\ e,fy,fjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf rkÍöapwemckepfcsufwGif owåraZmapwemwpfcsufudkaumuf/ ¤if; onf OyyZÆa0'eD,uHjzpf\/ ykAÁty&tcgwdkYum; ty&my&d,uH\ e,fwnf;/ xdktcgwdkYü aZm0g&rsm;pGmwGif tv,faZmapwemig;csuf


DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ wdkYrS wpfcsufwpfcsufaom aZmapwemudkaumuf/ xdkapwempkonf ty&my&d,uHrnf\/ aZm0g&wpfckrS 'kwd,wpfcsuf? aZm0g&wpfckrS wwd,wpfcsufponfjzihf pkaygif;pyf,laomtcg? tv,faZmig;csuf [k qdkEdkifavonf/ ygVd a wmf v mapwemaumuf , l y H k o m"ursm; xdo k aYkd umuf&mü om"uum;? t*Fw k Kd¬ &t f |uxmESifh aumov oH,kwft|uxmwdkYwnf;/ t*Fkw¬dK&ft|uxmü y0wådy#doaE¨tusdK; ESpfcsufa&m,Sufí omrntm;jzihf apwemaumuf,lyHkudkjyqdk\/ (u) {uZ0e0Dxd,H? owåokpdawåok/ ukovm0g? tuk o vm0g/ yxrZ0eapwem? 'd|"r®a0'eD,/ ur®Hemr wH£rod® H a,0? twå b ma0 0d y guH a 'wd / (c) tw¬om"dumye? owårZ0eapwem/ OyyZÆa0'eD ,ur® H e mr? wH t eEÅ a &? twå b ma00d y guH a 'wd / (*) ObdEéHtEÅa&ye? yÍöZ0eapwem? ty&my&d,ur®H emr? wH t em*aw ,'gMoumoH v bwd ? w'g0d y guH a 'wd o wd ? oH o m& y0wå d , m? ta[mod ur® H e mrea[mwd / (tH ? 3? |? 'k t k y f ? 104-105) aZm0DxdwpfcktwGif;ü ukodkvf? tukodkvf yxraZmapwem onf 'd|"r®a0'eD,uHrnf\/ ¤if;uHonf yxrb0ü tusdK;ay;\/ ukodkvf tukodkvftrIudpöNyD;pD;xajrmufapaom owåraZmapwem onf OyyZÆa0'eD,uHrnf\/ ¤if;uHonf 'kwd,b0ütusdK;ay;\/ tv,füjzpfaom aZmapwemig;csufonf ty&my&d,uHrnf\/ ¤if;uHonf tem*wfb0oHo&mütusdK;ay;cGifh&aomtcg tusdK;ay; \/ oHo&mrqHk;oa&GU ta[moduHrjzpfEdkif[k qdkvdk\/ þü omrn aumufyHk[k rSwfyg/ y#doaE¨tusdK;tm;jzihf a0zefí apwemaumufyHk udk aumovoH,kwft|uxmü jyqdkyg\/ qG r f ; 'geuk o d k v f w pf c k a Mumif h vl e wf (14) Bud r f j zpf & yH k ,Hacgaom r[m&mZ ao|d*[ywd? w*¾&odcd Hyapöu orÁK'¨H yd@ygawe y#dyga'od? wó ur®ó 0dygaue? owåu© wåHK ok*wd H o*¾avmuH OyyZÆd? waó0 ur®ó? 0dygum0ao aoe? £rdóma,0 om0w¬d,m? owåu©wåHK ao|dwåH uma&od/ (oH ? yg? aumov? ytk y f ? 92-93) þoH,w k yf gVdawmfjzihf tykwu å olaX;avmif;ayg&mPolaX; onf w*¾&odcDyapöuAk'¨gtm; qGrf;wpfBudrfvSLaomaMumifh ewfjynfü ckepfBudrf? þom0w¬dNrdKUü olaX;ckepfBudrfjzpf&onf[k jyqdk\/ ¤if;ygVdawmfü qGrf;'geukodkvfwpfckaMumihf vlewfy#doaE¨ (14) ckjzpfonf[laompum;twGuf oHo,jzpfzG,f&Sd\/ ,if;udk t|uxmu ajz&Sif;jyqdk\/ t|uxmuajz&S i f ; jyqd k y H k (u) yk A Á y pä d r apwem0aoe apw¬ t aw¬ m a0'd w aAÁ m / qGr;f vSLcdkuaf pwemwpfcsu?f ykAt Á y&apwemwpfq,ho f ;kH csuf aygif; apwem (14) csufaMumifh? vlewfy#doaE¨ (14) Budrfjzpf&onf/ (c) {uyd @ ygw'geod ® H Í ö d ? {um0apwem a'G y #d o aE¨ a ,me a'wd / vSL'gef;qJ rkÍöapwemwpfcsufu (14) b0 rqdkxm;bd? ESpb f 0y#doaE¨EpS cf u k ykd ifray;Edik /f wpfb0y#doaE¨wpfcsuo f m ay;Edik f onf/ xdkvSL'gef;qJrkÍötcdkufü aZmapwem ckepfcsuf&Sdaomfvnf;? {um0apwem[kqdkaomaMumihf y#doaE¨udkjzpfapEdkifaom? owåraZm

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apwemwpfcsufonfom y#doaE¨jzpfapEdkifonf/ tv,faZmapwem awGu y#doaE¨rjzpfapEdkifMu[kjyqdkonf/ aZm0g&wpfckü y#doaE¨udk jzpfapEdkifaom apwmonfwpfcsufomyg&Sd\/ xdkapwemwpfcsufudk om aumuf[kqdkvdk\/ (*) ykAÁypädrapwem[dyaeo? owåu©wåHKoa*¾ owåu©wåHK? ao|d uk a v ed A Á a wå m / (oH ? |? ytk y f ? 148) rkÍöapwem (owåraZmapwem) aMumifh? 'kwd,b0ü ewf jzpfonf/ ykAÁapwem? ty&apwemydkif; aZm0g& (13) wGifyg0ifaom tv,faZmapwem (13) csufaMumihf <uif;aomewfvl (olaX;) b0 y#doaE¨ (13) ck jzpf&onf[kjyqkdygonf/ aygif;vQif vlewfy#doaE¨ (14)ckjzpf&onf[kqkdonf/ þt|uxmü y#doaE¨usdK;jzihf aZm apwemaumuf,yl u kH jkd yqdo k nf/ þum; 'd|"r®a0'eD,? OyyZÆa0' eD,? ty&my&d,a0'eD,uHwdkYü aZmapwemaumuf,lyHkrsm;jzpfavonf/ oN*Ø K [f u srf ; wd k Y ü apwemjyqd k y H k oN*ØK[f#Dum? oN*ØK[ftaumufusrf;? oN*ØK[foHcdyfusrf;wdkYü apwemjyqdkMuyHkrSmvnf; azmfjyyg t|uxmwdkYudk rSDjirf;jyKí 0daoo teuftwGif; ikwfaomomrnenf;jzihf vG,fulpGmrSwf,lEdkifMu&ef? omrnyif o½kyfxkwfaqmifjyMuukef\/ y&rw¬ o H c d y f t vd k 'd|"r® OyyZÆm ty&my&d? ta[mod? &SdonhfuHav;jzm/ rsuf a rS m uf b 0? tusd K ;&? 'd | aZmOD ; om/ jcm;rJ h b 0? tusd K ;&? OyaZmqH k ; om/ y&Hy& terw*f tqufquf0,f? tusdK;<u,f? tv,f aZmig;jzm/ uH t a[mod ? usd K ;r&S d ? Bwd a pwem/ rd k i f ; cd k i f w d y d # u0d e d p ä , tvd k rdik ;f cdik q f &mawmf\ wdy#d u0depd , ä 'kw, d wG?J pmrsuEf mS 241 ü? ykAÁypädrapwem0aoe a&SUapwem aemufapwemwdkY\tpGrf;jzihf? (0g) ykAÁapwem rkÍaö pwemwd\ Yk tpGr;f jzih[ f ?k ypärd apwemudk rkÍaö pwem [k teufjyefqdk\/ tykwåuolaX;tavmif;ayg&PolaX;\qGrf;tvSLü? ykAÁ apwemrkÍöapwemom&Sd\/ ty&apwemr&Sd[k,lqí ,if;odkYqdkjcif; jzpfonf/ 'wGmypäm0dy#Ü o d m&Da[mwd[al om ygVdawmfjzih?f ty&apwem vHk;0rjzpf[k jyonf[lí? ,if;odkYteufa,mZemonf/ (oihf? roihf pOf;pm;&ef) þayg&mPolaX;\ tvSL'geü þodkY,loihfao;\/ {uef vSL&ef pdwful;aomoltm; apcdkif;qJcPudk rkÍöapwem[kqdkoifh\/ xdkYaMumihf xdkolaX;onf xdkyapöuAk'¨gudkjrifaomtcg vSLvdkaompdwf jzpf\/ xdktckduftwefYonf ykAÁapwemjzpfaomtcgaywnf;/ cdkif;pJ cPü rkÍöapwemjzpf\/ ckdif;apNyD;aemuf yapöuAk'¨gESihfjyefvnfrawGU rDtwGif; ty&apwemjzpfcGifh&Sd\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkolaX;\tvSL'geü ykAÁapwemenf;enf;? ty&apwemenf;enf;jzpfonf[k rSwfoihf\/ yapöuAk'¨gqGrf;cHtjyefESihfawGUaomtcgusrS? ESvHk;rom,mrI vGefuJí ty&apwemjywfpJoGm;onf[k ,loihfonf/ jywfpJoGm;jcif; udk ygVdawmfü ]]'wGm ypäm0dyÜ#dom&Da[mwd}} [k a[mawmfrljcif;jzpf&m onf/ pmrsuf E S m 14 ok d Y


DHAMMA DEW

14

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om#d r wd å , rax&f q H k ; rawmf r l y H k om#drwdå,rax&fonf aemufwpf&ufü qGrf;pm;<uvm aomtcg vlwdkY\ r½dkraojyKrlMuonfudkawGU&ojzihf qifjcifawmfrl aomtcg rm&fewf\ ,kwfrmaomvkyfaqmifcsufudkawGU&onfjzpfí rm&fewf\ vnfyif;ü acG;aoaumif ykyfpGyfapownf;[k tbdnmOf wefcdk;jzihf t"d|mefjyKav\/ rm&f e wf 0 ef c sawmif ; yef j cif ; rm&fewfonf rdrd\ vnfyif;ü acG;aoaumifykyfpGyfaeonf udk z,f&Sm;ay;awmfrl&ef rax&fjrwftxH vma&mufawmif;yef\/ xdktcg om#drwdå,rax&fonf rm&fewfudk xdkrdrd\ qGrf;trtdrfokdY ac:aqmifí rdrdvkyfBuHzefqif;NyD; rax&fa,mifaqmifum 'g,umr \ vufudkqGJudkifcJhrdygaMumif;0efcHajymMum;apNyD;vQif rm&fewfudk Ncrd ;f ajcmufajymqdu k m acG;aoykyu f rkd rd w d efc;kd awmfjzihf ½kwo f rd ;f ay;vdu k f avonf/ qG r f ; cH p Of t wd k i f ; om <uawmf r l y H k xdktcg qGrf;trav;\ vifa,musfm;u rdrdtxifvGJjypfrSm; rdygaMumif;jzihf awmif;yefuefawmhí ,aeYupNyD; rdrdqGrf;qufuyfvSL 'gef;rnfjzpfygaMumif; avQmufxm;&m om#drwd, å ax&fonf xdak vQmuf xm;csuu f kd vufrcHawmhbJ tdrpf Of&yfíqGr;f cHjcif;jziho f m qGr;f tm[m &udk rSD0Jawmfrlavonf[k ax&? |? ytkyf? pmrsufESm 460 rS 462 txd wGif azmfjyonfudk zwf½IMunfndKrSwfom;&ygonf/ cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; ) pmrsuf E S m 13 rS xdk0dyÜ#dom&DaMumihf aumif;aom0w¬Kudk roHk;aqmifvdkjcif;? roHk;aqmif&jcif;tusdK;ay;onf[k rSwf,l&rnf/ þodkY,laomf ykAÁypädr apwemt& ykAt Á y&apwemudyk if ,l&ygrnf/ ty&apwemenf;enf; jzpfNyD;rS jycJhonhftwkdif; 0dyÜ#dom&jzpfonf[k EdIif;EdIif;qqrSwf,loifh onf[k xifayaMumif;jzihf rkdif;cdkifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tqHk;tjzwf jyKonfudk rSwfom;&ygonf/ [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if


COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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ararh r suf & nf a yguf w k d Y wpf p uf E S p f p uf ? NyD ; awmh quf w k d u f y if ol \ vnf u k w f E S i f h OD ; acgif ; xuf o k d Y usvmonf / oltoufajcmufESpft&G,fwGif þokdYwpfBudrf olcHpm;cJh&zl;NyD/ xkdpOfu ol armif&ifavmif;? qHrcsrD wpfcPü jzpfonf/ ouFef; rpnf;rD rdciftm; xkdifí &Sdckd;uefawmhonf/

raeY w pf a eY u yif þavmu\ avmuom;trsm;pk u k d tmomirf;irf; jzpfaponfh b0ykHpHrsm;? txifBuD;awmifhwrIjzifh ukd;uG,fqnf;uyf&m? tvkt,ufyif &,lykdifqkdifzkdY BudK;yrf;Mu&m? t&mrsm;tm;vk H ; uk d ol v T w f c sausmck d i f ; cJ h N yD j zpf o nf / þok d Y pGefYvTwfvkdufrdjcif;twGuf olaemifwr&vkdrd/ okdYaomf avmuESifh xkdtcsdefu tarhrsufESmwGif MunfEl;jcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? ywf0ef;usifukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;EkdifpGrf;rItwGuf olYwGif tiftm; vGrf;qGwfjcif;? wrf;wjcif;wkdY axG;a&m,Sufwif&Sdonf/ r&Sdao;onfvnf; trSefyif/ tarhzcif ol\ tbkd;onf zufqpfawmfvSefa&;umv

f ifonf taru ajcqkH;acgif;qkH; Munfhaeonf/ olYpdwfukd tuJcwf þae&m? þa'owGif acgif;csc&hJ Ny;D jzpfonf/ tarh\ cspv Yf w T cf NhJ y;D aeonf[k olcHpm;aerdonf/ tarhtMunfhukd &ifqkdif&ef tm;wif; zufqpfudk awmfveS &f if; þ&Gm? þNrKd U? þa'owGif touf pGev j z pf o nf / xk d p Of u ol Y t ouf tcgvnf y if rj y nf h ao;/ BudK;pm;NyD; tar&Sd&mokdY rsufESmrlvkdufonf/ tm;wif;í tjynfh0qkH; tat;csrf;qkH;tNyHK;ukd arG;jrLvkdufonf/ tarbmuk d Munf E l ; 0rf ; ajrmuf a eygvd r f h / tarbmuk d vG r ; f aqG ; wrf ;waeygvdr/hf tarh r suf E S m uk d teD ; uyf j rif v k d u f a wmh tarh r suf E S m ? tarh r suf v k H ; ? tarh t NyH K ;wG i f em;vnf j cif ; ? cG i f h v T w f j cif ; ? ol Y p d w f E S v k H ; wG i f a wmh jzwf o ef ; cJ h & csd e f r sm;uk d vG r f ; arm Muif e mjcif ; wk d Y E S i f h t wl ol j yef a &muf a eonf h rsuf a rS m uf b 0uk d vku d rf o d nfh wpfcPwGif rarSmifaomtvif;ESihf yGiv hf if;aomav wkt Yd m; av;pm;jcif;? wefzkd;xm;jcif;wkdY jynfhvQHaeonfukd awGY&onf/ ol wtm; jrifcsif½Icsifaerdonf/ tHhMoaerdonf? aerif;ukd pGefYvTwfcJh&aom olYtwGuf vrif;u rsuf a rS m uf u rÇ m BuD ; wG i f avmuom;wk d Y t wG u f tcG i f h BudKqkdaeavNyD/ tvrf ; rsm; yG i f h v ef ; vmawmh r nf [ k arQmf v if h o l r sm; arQmf v if h ol \ touf 20 ES p f r S pwif í ES p f a ygif ; ok H ; q,f Muonf / BuD ; rm;½I y f a xG ; aom pd e f a c:rI r sm; rsm;jym;pG m ausmf r Q ol Y b 0tm; &mxl ; &mcH j zif h ? *k P f u suf o a&ES i f h vk y f y k d i f &S d a eonf u awmh rsuf 0 g;xif x if a wG Y j rif a e&onf / rnf r Q cGifhwkdYjzifh pDrHcefYcJGykdifcGifh tmPmwkdYjzifh wefqmqifxm; EkdifcJhonf/ ½k d ; &S i f ; yG i f h v if ; pG m jzif h acgif ; aqmif r I ay;Ek d i f M urnf qk d o nf avmutwGuf ol\ &mxl; &mcH? vkyfykdifcGifh? pDrHcefYcGJ uawmh cef Y r S e f ; &cuf r nf xif & onf / Globalization qko d nfh aygufuo GJ \ H aemufwiG f ajymifajymif yk d i f c G i f h tmPmwY k d j zif h tusKd ; t&S d q k H ; ol x rf ; aqmif c J h N yD ; jzpf wif ; wif ; wpf r sKd ; ? yk e f ; vQKd ; uG , f v QKd ; wpf z kH &Sd aeaom Bu;D rm;onfh onf / vl r sm;pG m wk d Y u vnf ; ol Y t m;? tm;uk d ; Mu? av;pm; Mu? tmCmwrsm;? jyóemrsm;? ajz&Si;f rI ykpH o H pfrsm;u ylavmifaeqJ/ tcsKUd tm;xm;MuES i f h b0yk H p H u wpf r sKd ; &D a 0,pf r l ; zG , f a umif ; \/ uawmh orl [ ES i f h 0d a &m"d w k d Y aygif ; pyf y g0if a eonf [ k jrif M u rsufarSmufwGifrl ol\ ukd,fykdif um;av;wpfpD;? &SyftusÐ tuJcwfMu?aumufcsuf qJGMuonf/ rnfokdYqkdap olESifh olwkdU? NyD;awmh vufwkdwpfxnf? rif;BuD;BudKuf vkHcsnfwpfuGif;? om;a&zdeyfwpf&H olwkdY\ rsKd;quf uawmh urÇmwpf0ef; qufpyf jzpfay:apjcif; vdIif;ukd pD;vsuf arG;rdcifa&SUwGif tqif wefqmrJh vlom;wpfa,muftjzpf pD;vsuf jrefrmhvlYabmif\ c&D;ukdqufMu&OD;rnf/ ESifh ola&mufaejcif;jzpfonf/ ol\ i,fpOfb0 ,mxJu jyefvmcsdefESifh Nidrf;csrf;aom avmuvlom;\ avmutjrifwpf&yfjzifh wpfax&mwnf;/ vlUabmiftzJGUtpnf;\ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;? vlaerI b0ykHpHrsm;? ,kHMunf þonfukdyif taru auseyfMunfEl;ae[ef&Sdonf/ tar\ ukd;uG,frIESifh tmoDorsm;ukd enf;ynmodyHÜynmESifh vlrI qufoG,fa&; tMunf h tarh y k H & d y f o nf ol \ ZeD ; ? ol \ om;orD ; ? ol Y b 0\ vrf;aMumif;opfrsm;u jznfhqnf;Ekdifaumif;\[k olawmifhwrdonf/ oHa,mZOfwkdYu MunfhaomtMunfh? ykH&dyfwkdYESifh wpfax&mwnf; jzwf o ef ; &OD ; rnf h tcsd e f ? tem*wf \ vI y f & S m ; wk d u f c wf v mrnf h wpfrsKd;wpfpm;wnf;/ avEkat;ukd olarQmfvifh&if;? arQmfukd;&if;? a&mif&rf; ½SL½dIufaerdonf/ cspfZeD;ESifh om;orD;rsm;? olwkdYav;awG\ zciftay:xm; oltm;&yg;& oufjyif;wpfcsufukd ½SLxkwfvkdufonf/ rdcif\ &Sdonfh tjrifESifh todw&m; wkdYonfvnf; jrifhrm;pGm us,fjyefYpGmh[k rsuEf mS ukd MunfE;l ESpo f ufpmG olarmhíMunfv h u dk o f nf/ ararhrsuEf mS wGif olodem;vnfvkdufcsdef\ wpfcPwGif ypöu©b0ESifh oHo&mtwGuf ay:vGiaf eonfuawmh araronf twdwfukd jzwfoef;qJ - - - -/ wu,fhwefzkd;ESifh wefckd;BuD;aom pGrf;tm;wkdYonf olEY v S ;Hk om; r[m xkdcPü ol\ESvkH;om;wGif tem*wfawmifhwrIrsm; ESifhtwl &ifjyifwiG f arG;zGm;oefpY ifcahJ wmhonf/ wu,fawmh tusKd;vkdvm;onfh aEG&GufEka0\ yGifhvif;aomav uAsmoHpOfunifompGm uAs m a&;ol arwåmppf\ pGrf;tifrsm;? wefckd;rsm;? aygufzGm;&Sifoefvmjcif; r[kwf jzwfoef;oGm;onf/ ygvm;/ ork d i f ; AD Z olonf ol\rdciftm; tjypfrJhom;aumif;yDyD wtm; zufí xkdifcsvkdufonf/ rdcif\ ajctpkHtm; OD;ckduf&Sdckd;vkdufonf/

]]rarSmifaomtvif;? yGifhvif;aomav tajc½k d ; &S i f ; ? &if ; wG i f ; AD Z ? cspf c J h & onf h tjrif r sm;- - - -/


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"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ tzxG e f a &;iif ? rd c if x rif ; yk d Y ? usD ; wk d Y &T i f p G m ? aw;oH o mqk d v suf ? xaemif ; cuf ? xef ; &G u f w k d Y &,f a rm? ,mawmxd y f u wrmwef ; ? tbk d ; acgif ; cswJ h a e&m? e,f c sJ U awmf v S e f a &; umv/ wrm&eH Y o if ; ? igh t csif ; jr§ K yf ? wJ u k y f a b;u a&uef ? zuf q pf u k d awmf v S e f & if ; ? ppf t wG i f ; rS m ? cspf j cif ; rsm;pG m ? tMuif e mterf ; eJ Y ? xm;&pf c J h w J h taz? igeJ Y t aruk d ? azazacgif ; cs? wk d u f y J G u scJ h w J h a e&m? bl r d e uf o ef y gvm;/

aom (0da&m") w&m;wdu Yk kd rZÑrd y#dy'gtv,ftvwfvrf;pOft& zGiq fh kd aom teuft"dyÜg,frsm;vnf;jzpfayonf/ xdktv,ftvwfvrf;pOft& wyfrufzG,f&maumif;aom qGaJ qmifrw I &m;? odrYk [kwf pufqw k &f &HG mS zG,&f maumif;aom wGe;f vSerf I w&m; 'grSr[kwf ESpfvdkom,mzG,faumif;aom w&m; odkYr[kwf rESpf vdkrom,mzG,f&maumif;aom w&m;wdkYudk bm0em"r®usihfaqmiftm; xkwfjcif;aMumihf od&SdEkdifcJh&ayonf/ One accepts that in life there is the pleasant and the unpleasant, that they are impermanent and not of a lasting nature, and makes the effort as far as possible not to be carried away by success or depressed by failure. This is the seventh and final factor in the seven factors of Enlightnment and the mental health of Arahats who enjoy Upekkha- absolutely, is perfect.

b0wpf&yfjzpfwnfrIabmiftwGif;rSm ESpfvdkom,mzG,f aumif;aomw&m;ESihfrESpfvdk rom,mzG,f&m w&m;oabmrSeforQwdkY onf ocFg&"r®t&m tedpötNrJr&SdMuonfhw&m;rsm;omjzpfí wm&Snf wnfwHhcdkifNrJaom obm0w&m;[lonfvnf; pdk;pOf;rQr&SdonfhtwGuf tNrJwrf;wnfwHhcdkifNrJatmifjrifaeatmif rnfokdYyif udk,fpGrf; ÓPfpGrf; &Sdoa&TU vHkYvpdkufxkwfum vkyfaqmifBudK;yrf;aeygaomfvnf; tqHk;ü pdwfrcsrf;romjzihfom tm;avsmh vufajr§mufus½HI;oGm;Mu& onfcsnf; om jzpfonf/ þonfrSm aAm"dÓPftvif;&&Sdap&eftwGuf usihfaqmif awmfrMl u&aom r*¾iv f rf;aMumif;\ aemufq;kH yef;wdik t f qihEf iS fh owår ajrmuftaMumi;f&if;tqihfjzpfaom t&[wår*fÓPfjzpfay:ap&ef rnfokdY&Sdap? orkdif;\ ADZonf jrefrmhvlYabmifü &Sifoef Oayu©m"r®udk tqHk;pGef yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfawmfrlí t&[wår*fodkY aeOD;rnf? vSyaeOD;rnf? xif&Sm;aeOD;rnf qkdonfuawmh ararh qdkufa&mufawmfrlMuavukef\/ xdktqihfonf Ak'¨0g'"r®vrf;pOft& yk H & d y f ? ol Y y k H & d y f E S i f h rsKd ; quf w k d Y \ yk H & d y f ü txif u & jzpf w nf a e yuwdaumif;jrwfjynhfpHkaom tqihfyifjzpfavonf/ onf u k d ol j rif a wG Y v k d u f & avNyD / So happiness is in the invisible but powerful mind. The aemuf a usmzk H ; rS importance of the mind for happiness is stressed by the wellxdkYjyif wpfOD;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYü jynhfpHk known British literary figure, John Milton, who remarked that the vmcJhMuNyDqdkvQif tjcm;aom olrsm;odkYvnf; taxmuftuljyKulnD mind could make a heaven of hell or a hell of heaven. aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrUrIqo kd nfrmS rjrifprG ;f Ekid af om wefc;kd £'dy¨ g'fEiS fh wwfMuayonf/ xdkYtwl xdkyk*¾dKvftm; ¤if;xm;&Sdaom pdwfaumif; pdwjf rwfrsm;ESifh avsmpf mG aumif;jrwfaom taxmuftyHrh sm;jzihf wkejYf yef jynhfpHkaom pdwfudkqdkvdkonf[k pdwfwGif;aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrIjzpfay:ap aom ta&;tBu;D qH;k taMumif;tcsuw f u Ykd kd pl;prf;avhvmcJah om tvGef wwfMuavonf/ xif & S m ;ausmf M um;onf h NAd w d o Q pma&;q&mBuD ; *RefrDvfwefuqdkay a'gotrsufESihf pdwfqdk;pdwfrdkufwdkYrnfonf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD; wpfa,mufü&Sdaom aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUonhf pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfwdkYudk onf/ ¤if;pma&;q&mBuD;udk,fwdkif pdwf\ aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrIudk pl;prf; azG&Sm&if; pdwfzdpD;rIaomu a&mufcJh&onf/ aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrI pdwfqdk twdkif;tqyrmPBuD;pGmjzihf csKyfudkifacszsufEkdifpGrf;&Sdayonf/ One way to be happy is to develop the noble quality of onfrSm aumif;uifbHkxJrS qif;&Jjcif; 'ku©w&m;? odkYr[kwf i&JwGif;rS kH u Ykd kd pdwjf zihf yHak zmfzefw;D xm;rIoufoufomjzpfonf[k *Rerf v D f Upekkha. It is defined as balance of mind, equanimity or mental edAmÁ efbw equipaise. It rejects both attachment (Aurodha) and resentment wefu rSwfcsufjyKa&;om;xm;ayonf/ awmif u rl c if w ef ; ? csKd ; ul o H j yef Y q J ? pd w å Z td y f r uf ? a<uysuf v G i f h p Of ? tbk d ; eJ Y tazh &if c G i f ? tjrif ½ k d ; &S i f ; ? igh & if w G i f ; u twd w f ? ed r d w f x if x if ? igqif j cif r d ? ig\AD Z ? igcspf & aom? rarS m if a omtvif ; ? yG i f h v if ; aomav? igjrif c sif r d ? ½I c sif r d ? jzwf o ef ; &rnf h E S p f a wG ?

(Virodha) and advocates the middle path of being neither attracted nor repelled by the desirable and the undesirable or the pleasant and the unpleasant experiences.

jrihfjrwftxufwef;usítqihftwef;&Sdaom vrf;aMumif; wpf&yfrS Oayu©mw&m;yGm;rsm;Ekdifjcif;aMumihf aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrIwdkY zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufcJh&avonf/ þonfwdkYrSm wkefvIyfrIuif;íwnfNidrfaeaom pdwf? odkYr[kwf pdwf"mwfa&;&m jynhf0aeaom pdwfwdkYjzpfay:aeap&ef twGuf pdwfudktNrJwrf; wnfNidrfatmif csdefnd§ay;aom vkyfaqmifrI\ teuft"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkcsufyifjzpfonf/ xdkpdwfonf wG,fwmrIwnf;[l aom ork',oHa,mZOf(tEka&m")w&m;ESihf rausrcsrf;jzpfrIwnf;[l

The important mind is ours to control and we should direct and guide the mind rather than being led by the mind to realize happiness.

ta&;tBu;D qH;k aompdwrf mS uREykf w f u Ykd , kd w f ikd f aumif;rGef ydik Ef idk f pGmxde;f csKyí f aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrUrIEiS hf jynh0f aom pdwt f jzpfoYkd qdu k af &muf atmif wdkuf½dkufvrf;ñTefappm;í &&SdEdkifonfh pdwfjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf) "r®0D&-oEÅmatmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/


DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

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a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif w&m;a[mMum;awmfrl&mü yk*¾dKvfudk xnho f iG ;f a[m&m yk*Kd¾ vaf [m&jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f í? £wd0w k u å t|uxm t|dykÚåokwftzGifhwGif txl;azmfjyonfudkzwf½Ií MunfndKrd&ygonf/ [d & D ? ur® ? ypö ? tmeef ? jA[® ? yk a AÁ ? 'uf ? avmau a[mayyk * ¾ v jrwf A k ' ¨ jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;a[mawmfrl&mü yk*¾dKvfudkxnfhoGif;í a[m&jcif;taMumif;rSm &Spyf g;&Sad Mumif;jzihf £wd0w k t å |uxmu rdeq Yf kd ygonf/ ¤if;taMumif;&Spfyg;wdkYrSm(1) [da&mwåyÜ'Dyew¬H-[d&DMowåyÜudkjyjcif;iSm jyvdkaomaMumifh vnf; aumif;/ (2) ur®ouwm'Dyew¬-H ur®ouwmÓPfujkd yjcif;iSm jyvdak omaMumihf vnf;aumif;/ (3) ypöwåyk&doum&'Dyew¬H- yk*¾dKvftoD;oD;wdkYjyKtyfaom aumif;rI (raumif;rI) udk jyjcif;iSmjyvdkaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;/ (4) tmeEÅ&, d 'Dyew¬-H tmeEÅ&, d uHujkd yjcif;iSm jyvkad omaMumihv f nf; aumif;/ (5) jA[®0[ d m&'Dyew¬-H jA[®0[ d m&av;yg;udjk yjcif;iSm jyvdak omaMumihf vnf;aumif;/ (6) ykaAÁed0go'Dyew¬H- a&S;b0jzpfyHkudkjyjcif;iSm jyvdkaomaMumifhvnf; aumif;/ (7) 'duP © 0do'k 'd¨ yD ew¬-H tvSL\tusKd ;ay;yH?k pifMu,fru I jkd yjcif;iSm jyvdk aomaMumihfvnf;aumif;/ (8) avmuor®Kwd,mtyÜ[mew¬H- avmua0g[m&toHk;pum;udk ry,fjcif;iSm ry,fvdkaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf yk*Kd¾ vu f x kd w k af zmfí a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ þonfum; yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfí a[mMum;awmfrl&jcif;taMumif;&Spfyg; jzpfavonf/ (£wd? |? t|dykÚåokwfzGihf? 79) xyf q ih f & S i f ; vif ; azmf j ycsuf r sm; (1) cE¨monf 'kp½dkufrS &Suf\aMumuf\[kqdkvQif? &Suf aMumufaomyk*¾dKvfrxif&Sm;acs/ yk*¾dKvfrxif&Sm;yguvnf; [d&DMowåy rxif&Sm;acs/ a,musfm;onf? rdef;ronf 'kp½dkufrS &Suf\? aMumuf\ ponfy*k Kd¾ vx f nho f iG ;f qdrk S &Suaf Mumufaomyk*Kd¾ vv f nf; xif&mS ;\/ [d&D Mowåyv Ü nf; xif&mS ;\/ þodYk [d&MD owåyudk jyjcif;iSm yk*Kd¾ vu f kd xnho f iG ;f a[m&onf/ (2) cE¨mwdo Yk nf uHomvQif Opöm&Su d ek \ f [kqv kd Qif uHomvQif Opöm&Sad omyk*Kd¾ vrf xif&mS ;ay/ xdyk *k Kd¾ vrf xif&mS ;ygu ur®ouwmÓPf vnf; rxif&Sm;Edkifay/ tvHk;pHkaom owå0gwdkYonf uHomvQif Opöm&Sd Muukef\[k yk*¾dKvfowå0g xnhfqdkrSom uHomvQif Opöm&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf xif&Sm;\/ þodkY ur®ouwmÓPfudkjyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfí a[m& onf/

(3) aZw0efausmif;awmfudk cE¨maqmuf\[kqdkvQif ausmif; 'um rxif&Sm;ay/ ausmif;'um rxif&Sm;u xdkyk*¾dKvf\ausmif; aqmufvkyftvSL'geukodkvf ray:vGifrxif&Sm;ay/ temxydPfolaX; BuD;aqmuf\[kqdkrS ausmif;'umESifhausmif;aqmuftvSL'geukodkvf ay:vGifxif&Sm;av\/ þodkY yk*¾dKvftoD;oD;jyKvkyftyfaom aumif;rI? raumif;rIudkjyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudka[m&onf/ (tukodkvfuHt&mudk csJUí qdkygav) (4) cE¨monf trdudk? tzudk? &[EÅmudk owf\/ bk&m;&Sif tm; aoG;pdrf;wnfatmifjyK\/ oHCmudk oif;cGJ\[kqdkvQif owfaom yk*¾dKvf? aoG;pdrfwnfatmifjyKaomyk*¾dKvf? oHCmoif;cGJaomyk*¾dKvfudk taotcsmrodEdkif/ xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkY\ uHBuD;ig;yg;udk rodEdkif/ om;onf trdukd tzudo k wf\/ a'0'wfonf bk&m;&Sit f m; aoG;pdr;f wnfatmif jyK\/ oHCmudk oif;cGJ\[kqdkrS uHBuD;ig;yg;udk jyKolESihf uHBuD;ig;yg; xif&Sm;av\/ þodkY teEÅ&d,uHudkjyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudk xnfhoGif;í a[m&avonf/ (5) cE¨mwdkYonf arwåmydkYukef\/ u½kPm? rk'dwm? Oayu©m yGm;ukef\[kqdkvQif arwåmydkYaomyk*¾dKvfponf rxif&Sm;ay/ a,musfm; onf? rdef;ronf? &[ef;onf arwåmydkY\[k yk*¾dKvfxnhfoGif;qdkrS arwåm ydkYaom yk*¾dKvfponf? arwåmpaom jA[®0d[m&w&m; xif&Sm;av\/ þodkY jA[®0d[m&w&m;udkjyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfía[m&onf/ wpf e nf ; cE¨mawG usef;rmMuygap? csrf;omMuygap[k arwåmydkYvQif vnf; arwåmydt Yk yfaom yk*Kd¾ vEf iS fh arwåmw&m; rxif&mS ;ay/ owå0gawG usef;rmcsrf;omMuygap[k yk*¾dKvfowå0g xnfhoGif;qdkygrS arwåmydkY tyfaom yk*¾dKvfESihf arwåm jA[®0d[m&w&m; xif&Sm;ayonf/ (u½kPm ponfudk vnf; þenf;rSDí qdkygav)/ þodkY jA[®0d[m&udkjyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfwdkYudk xnhfoGif;a[m&avonf/ (6) cE¨monf a&S;b0 (a&S;üaebl;aomcE¨mtpOf) udk atmufarhqifjcif\[kqdkvQif atmufarhqifjcifol rxif&Sm;ay/ xdkyk*¾dKvfrxif&Sm;u atmufarhp&mjzpfaom a&S;b0vnf; rxif&Sm; awmhay/ tbdnmOfwefcdk;&Sif&aohonf odkYr[kwf &[ef;onf a&S;b0 udk atmufarhqifjcif\[k yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfíqdkonf&Sdaomf atmufarh qifjcifaomyk*Kd¾ vo f nf xif&mS ;\/ xdyk *k Kd¾ vf atmufarhqifjciftyfaom a&S;b0vnf; xif&Sm;\/ þodkY ykaAÁed0gownf;[laom a&S;b0udk jyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfí a[m&onf/ wpf e nf ; vGeaf vNy;D aomtcg Am&mPoDjynfü cE¨monf rif;jyKonf&dS aomf cE¨monf [dr0EÅmawmü cE¨mrsKd ;üjzpf\[kqv kd Qif rif;jyKaomyk*Kd¾ vf ponf rxif&Sm;ay/ xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkY rxif&Sm;onf&Sdaomf twdwfZmwfü yg0ifaom a&S;b0vnf; rxif&Sm;ygay/ pmrsuf E S m 19 ok d Y


DHAMMA DEW

18

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19

tJ'Daemuf 'DedAÁdE´ÓPfeJYyJ cE¨mudk qufvufNyD; apmihfMunhf Zmwfodrf;w,fqdkwm ]r*fÓPfppfppf} uodrf;vdkufwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf r*fÓPfqw kd m qkawmif;tvkyrf [kwyf gbl;? 0dyó pdkufMunhfaer,frsm;qdk&if 'efaygufxrif;pm;aewJhvlvdk 0vJ0oGm;a&m S m&,lEidk yf gw,fqw kd t hJ aMumif; ajym vHk;0pm;csifwJhpdwfr&SdawmhwJhtwGuf ab;rSm&SdwJh tjcm;wpfa,mufu emw&m;xl;"r®ymG ;rsm;tm;xkwrf o rsm; ]rdwfaqG vdkufyGJuav;rsm; xyfxnhfygOD;} vdkY qdkvmwJhtcgrsm; Mum;wifjy&if; nDrav;&JU tvGrf;pmudk 'DwpfywftwGuf em;ygOD;r,f rSm vufwpfumum yg;pyfwumumeJY ]rvkyfygeJY rjzpfawmhygbl; 0ae aemf/ Ä jzpfysuforQ? ocFg&? 'ku©opömrSwf/ ygNyD? rvdkcsifawmhygbl;} qdkwmawG jzpfvm&rSmjzpfovdk ]edAdÁE´ÓPf} Ä jzpfysufrIwGif igaumifxif? cifrifork',rSwf/ NyD;wJhtcgrSm cE¨mudk rvdkcsifr&csifrjzpfcsifawmhwJh ]r*fÓPf} udk ]"ar®m Ä ½kyfemrftm;vHk; jzpfysufokOf;? csKyfqHk;edAÁmefrSwf/ [ a0"r®&u©wd"r®pm&D} qdkwJhtwdkif; w&m;"r®usihfaqmifaewJh oludk Ä csKyfqHk;rIwGif? ÓPfouf0if? odjrifr*f[krSwf/ w&m;"r®uyJ aqmifoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f rrat;/ (aus;Zl;awmf&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;) rrat;a& (þtvGrf;pmtrSwf 6) "r®ylZmaqmif;yg;udk aus;Zl;awmf&Sif 'gaMumihf r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfedAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudk &&ygvdk \qdkwJhpum;eJY qkawmif;aeMu&r,fh tvkyfrsKd;r[kwfbl;wJh/ cE¨mudk,f rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ]um,rdrH} w&m;xdkifenf;jyudk udk;um;í udk apmihfMunhfpdkufMunhfwJhtvkyfudk vkyfrS&rSmjzpfw,f&,fvdkY aus;Zl; a&;om;ylaZmfygonf/) ]]w&m;tjrif yGihfvif;&SifoefEkdifMuygap}} &Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tvkyfay; 0dyóemw&m;rsm; a[m a&T n mol ( a&T b k d ) Mum;awmfrlwJhtcgrSm taotcsmxnhfoGif;a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ tcknDrwifjycJhovdk ÓPfpOfawG tqifhqihfwufoGm;&jcif; [mvnf; 0dyóemw&m;xl; "r®udkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;aMumihf &&Sdvm pmrsuf E S m 17 rS wJh tusKd;w&m;awGyJjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk r*¾opömqdkwJh r*fppfay:vmNyDqdkyg&if 'ku©tqHk;udk vGefavNyD;aomtcg Am&mPoDjynfü jA[®'wfrif;onf vnf; jrifvmygvdrhfr,fwJh rrat;a&/ 'ku©qHk;vkdY 'ku©r&Sdawmhwmu rif;jyKonf&Sdaomf bk&m;avmif;onf [dr0EÅmawmü qifrsdK;üjzpf\[k eda&m"opömygwJh/ yk*Kd¾ vu f kd xnho f iG ;f qdo k nf&adS omf? twdwZf mwfüyg0ifaom jA[®'wfrif;? 'gaMumihf edAÁmef[m eD;ovm; a0;ovm;qdk&if eD;ygowJh/ eD; bk&m;avmif;? qifwnf;[laom a&S;jzpfb0vnf; xif&Sm;av\/ þodkY vsufu,feJY bmaMumihfrsm; rjrifMu rodMuygovJqdk&if cE¨mudk a&S;b0 ykaAÁed0goudk jyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudk xnhfa[m&onf/ apmihfMunhfpdkufMunhfwJhtvkyfudk rvkyfaqmifMuvdkYygwJh/ (7) cE¨monf cE¨mtm; qGrf;ukdvSL'gef;\[kqdkvQif vSL'gef;ol cE¨mudk,fudk apmihfMunhfpdkufMunhfwJh 'D0dyóemw&m;xl; "r® yk*Kd¾ v?f tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vf rxif&mS ;ay/ xdo k rYkd xif&mS ;ygu tvSL'ge\tusKd ; tvkyfudk yGm;rsm;tm;rxkwfMubl;qdkyg&if oHo&mxJrSm i&Jtdk;BuD;awG vnf; rxif&mS ;ay/ (u) oDv&Sad om'g,umonf oDvr&Sad om tvSLcH u rD;awGw&J&JeJY xawmufNyD; yGufyGufqlaewmudk jrif&awGU&BuHK& tm; vSL'gef;\/ þtvSLü 'g,um\tpGrf;tm;jzihf tusdK;&Sd\/ (c) cHMu&wJhtjypfawG[m 'DcE¨mudk,fBuD;udk wyfrufcifwG,faewJh wPSm oDvr&Sad om 'g,umonf oDv&Sad om tvSLcHtm;vSL'gef;\/ þtvSL avmbawGaMumihfyJjzpfygw,f/ 'DwPSmavmbuyJ i&Jtdk;i&JrD;awG ü tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf\tpGrf;tm;jzihf tusdK;&Sd\/ (*) oDvr&Sdaom'g,um jzpfatmif zefwD;ay;aewmygwJh/ wPSmu tcsKd;ususeJY pepfwus onf oDvr&Sad om tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vt f m; vSL'gef;\/ þtvSLü tusKd ;rBu;D pDrH ay;aewmygwJh/ vS/ (C) oDv&Sad om'g,umonf oDv&Sad omtvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vt f m; vSL'gef; rrat;a& \/ þtvSLü tmrdo'getaygif;wGif tusdK;tBuD;qHk;jzpf\/ wPSmqdv k Ykd txifrao;vdu k ef OYJ ;D wPSmu i&JomG ;wJh wPSm þodkY tvSLU'g,um tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwdkYudk xnhfoGif;íqdkrS 'ge &Sdovdk ok*wd oGm;wJh wPSmvnf;&Sdao;&JU? tJ'DwPSm&JUvufcsufrdae \ tusdK;oGm;xif&Sm;\/ þodkY 'u©dP0dok'¨dudkjyjcif;iSm yk*¾dKvfudka[m& wm[m 'd|deJY 0dpdäudpämrcsKyfvdkY rjyKwfvkdY? [dkbHka&mufvdkuf? 'DbHka&muf jcif;jzpfonf/ vdkufeJY tyg,fav;bHkqdkwm[m owå0gawG&JU tNrJwrf;&SdaewJh tdrfa* (8) avmua0g[m& ajym½dk;ajympOfudkry,fbJ ajyjypfjynhfpHk [meJYwlygw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifa[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ &ef jrwfpmG bk&m;onf yk*Kd¾ vu f x kd nho f iG ;f í a[mawmfr\ l / ]]td.k .cE¨m? 'gejyK&mrSmvJ igjyKwm/ oDvjyK&mrSmvJ igjyKwm? ZeD;r,m; tdk.. tm,we vmavmh}} [k rqdk ]]tdk..rif;BuD;? tdk..ykPÖm; ponf orD;om;eJ?Y pD;yGm;Opöm awGtay:rSmvJ igjyKwm? ig? igY[m? igYZeD;? igYorD;? jzihf EIwfqufajymqdkawmfrl\/ igYom;? igY[m? igYOpömqdw k hJ aMumif;usK;d rod ouúm,'d|ed YJ cE¨mjzpfaMumif; w&m;a[maomtcgüvnf; &[ef;wd?Yk 'g,umoD[? rif;Bu;D ? rodwJh 0DpdudpämvdkYqdkwJh oHo&mw&m;qdk;awG[m rrat;wdkYnDrwdkY&JU td.k .ewfom;? td.k .tmeE´m ponfjzih?f avmua0g[m&&So d nht f wdik ;f oEÅmefrSm urÇmuarÇb0taxGaxGuwnf;u&SdaewJhtwGuf tcktxd yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfoGif;í a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ þodkY avmua0g[m&udk wdkifatmif wPSmpDrH&mudk cHaeMu&wmjzpfygw,f/ ry,fjcif;iSm ajyjypfjynhfpHkapjcif;tusdK;iSm? yk*¾dKvfudkxnhfoGif;í rdrdwdkY&JU cE¨mudk owdxm;? 0D&d,pdkuf? ÓPfeJYapmihfMunhfaeyg a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ r,fqdk&if jzpfysufudkjrifwJh ]],xmblwÓPf}} jzpfysufudkrkef;wJh ]edAÁdE´ þonhftaMumif;w&m; (8) yg;wdkYonfum; jrwfpGmbk&m; ÓPf} awGuwpfqihf tJ'DvdkjzpfysufawGudk ½I&if;rwåeJY ]jzpf'ku©? ysuf w&m;a[mMum;awmfrl&mü yk*¾dKvfwdkYudkxnhfoGif;í a[mMum;awmfrl& 'ku©} yguvm;vdkY udk,fydkifodwJh ÓPfeJY qHk;jzwfEkdifNyDqdk&if i&J? wd&pämef? jcif; taMumif;rsm;yifjzpfayonf/ Nydwåm? tol&um,fqdkwJh tyg,fav;yg;wHcg;ydwfNyD; i&JrD;Nidrf;í i&J qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f


. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) aumif ; aomuH ç raumif ; aomuH c G J e nf ; raumif;rI 'kp½dkufq,fyg; (1) ygPmwdygw gw- vlç wd&pämefpaom owå0gwdkYudk owfykwfn§Of; qJrIwpfrsKd;/ (2) t'd E é m 'ge 'ge-ol w pf y g;\ ouf&Sdç oufrJh OpömwdkYudk cdk;0Suf zsufqD;rIwpfrsKd;/ pm& wpfyg;wdkY\ r,m;ç rdrdvifrSwpfyg;aom (3) umarok rdpämpm&-ol a,musfm;wdkYü usL;vGefrIwpfrsKd;/ (4) rkom0g' m0g'-r[kwfrrSefaom pum;udk ajymqdkrIwpfrsKd;/ (5) ydokP0gpm 0gpm-olESpfa,mufwdkY\ tMum;ü *Hk;wdkufpum; ajymqdk rIwpfrsKd;/ (6) z½ko0gpm 0gpm-olwpfyg;wdkYudk xdyg;qJa&;aom pum;wpfrsKd;/

(Continue from last week) Analysis of the Good and Bad kammas Ten kinds of immoral conduct (1) Pa-n.a-tipa-ta - Injuring and killing living beings. (2) Adinna-da-na- Taking or destroying animate and inanimateproperties which are not given.

(3) Ka-mesumiccha-ca-ra- Committing sexual misconduct.

(4) Musa-va-da- Telling lies.

(5) Pisun.ava-ca- - Backbiting and calumny.

(6) Pharusava-ca- - Using abusive language.

Ü my (7) oræyv my-tusK;d r&Sad om pum;udk rsm;rsm;Bu;D ajymqdrk I wpfrsK;d /

(7) Samphappala-pa- Taking part in frivolous conversation

(8) tbdZÑmÑm-olwpfyg;wdkY\ ouf&Sd? oufrJh Opömudk igY[mjzpfaomf aumif;avpGmh[k awmihfwjcif; wpfrsKd;/

(8) Abhijjha- - Covetousness.

(9) Asmyg'-olwpfyg;wdkY\ touf cE¨m ysufpD;aomf aumif;av pGmh[k awmihfwjcif; wpfrsKd;/

(9) Bya-pa-da- Malevolence.


. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L.

(10) rdpäm'd|d-tvSLay;í tusKd;r&Sd ponfjzihf ,laom rdpäm'd|d wpfrsKd;/ þq,frsKd;onf raumif;rI 'kp½dkufq,fyg;rnf\/ ypö K yÜ e f u H 2 rsKd ; þraumif;rI 'kp½dkufq,fyg;rS vGwfuif;aom tvHk;pHkaom toufarG;rIç OpömpD;yGm;&SmrIç ynm&SmrIç ukefoG,frIç v,f,mO,smOf vkyrf çI tpd;k &vcpm; vkyrf çI olaX;vcpm;vkyrf çI ulvv D yk rf I tp&Sad om cyfodrf;aom um,uHrIrsKd;ç 0pDuHrIrsKd;ç raemuHrIrsKd;onf ,ckb0 twGuf jyKMu&aom aumif;aom uHrsK;d rnf\/ raumif;rI 'kp½du k q f ,f yg;rS rvGwfruif;aom tvHk;pHkaom toufarG;rIç OpömpD;yGm;&SmrI tp &Sdaom cyfodrf;aom um,uHrIç 0pDuHrIç raemuHrIrsKd;onf ,ckb0 twGuf jyKMu&aom raumif;aom uHrsKd;rnf\/ ypöKyÜefuH 2 rsKd;-NyD;\/ aemuf b 0twG u f uH 2 yg; aemufaemufb0twGuf ,ckb0u wifu;l íjyKMuaom uH 3 yg;onfvnf; aumif;aom uH 3 yg;ç raumif;aom uH 3 yg;[lí 2 rsKd;&Sd\/ raumif;rI'kp½dkufq,fyg;rS vGwfuif;aom vSL'gef;rI? Oykof oDvapmiho f ;kH rI? bm0em ur®|mef;pD;jzef;rI? bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem oHk;yg;wdkYtm; &Sdcdk;udk;uG,frI? t½dktaojyKrI tp&Sdaom um,uHrI? 0pD uHrI? raemuHrIrsKd;onf aemufaemuf b0twGuf ,ckb0u wiful; í jyKMuaom aumif;rIuHrsKd;rnf\/ aemufaemufb0ü aumif;aombH?k aumif;aomb0od?Yk a&mufzYkd jyKMuaom uHrsK;d aywnf;/ raumif;rI 'kp½dkuf q,fyg;wdkYwGif wyg;yg;aom 'kp½dkufrsKd; onf ,ck b 0twG u f E S i h f j yKMuonf j zpf a p? aemuf a emuf b0

(10) Miccha-dit.t.hi- Wrong views. 1. All kinds of physical, verbal and mental actions that are free from these nine kinds of immoral conduct, comprising all kings of livelihood, acquiring wealth and seeking knowledge are good volitional actions which have to be performed for this very existence. 2. All kinds of physical, verbal and mental actions that involve these nine kinds of immoral conduct and that comprise all kings of livelihood, are bad volitional actions which are performed for this very existence. Two kinds of Kamma for future existences The types of kamma performed in this present existence, physical, verbal and mental, with a view to ripening in future existences, are also divided into two kinds. (1) Three good kammas (having result in future existences) (2) Three bad kammas (having result in future existences) All kinds of physical, verbal and mental kammas that are free from the nine kinds of immoral conduct and comprise almsgiving, fast-day observance, conduct, practising meditation,


. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

twG u f E S i h f jyKMuonf j zpf a p? aemuf a emuf b 0ü tyg,f i &J o d k Y usa&muf a om uH r sKd ; jzpf c J h í aemuf b 0twG u f jyKMuaom raumif;aomuHrsKd;rnf\/ þodkY aumif;aom uHrsKd;? raumif;aomuHrsKd; cGJjcrf;a0zef&m \/ uRef;BuD;uRef;i,ftjyif ukef;e,fwpfcGifvHk; a&e,fwcGifvHk;wdkYü wtkef;tkef; w½kef;½kef; aeMuaom uH 3 yg;trIawGudk tukefajr§mfav/ ,ckrsufjrif xif&Sm;&Sdaeaom þurÇmBuD;ü uH 3 yg; w½kef; ½kef; wtkef;tkef; jzpfíaeonfudk odjrifMuukefojzihf uG,fvGefavNyD; aom tptqHk;r&Sd rsm;jym;vSpGm ukefaom a&S;a&S;aom twdwfurÇm BuD;wdkYü¤if;? aemufaemuf topftopf qufum qufum jzpfay: vwåUH ukeaf om tem*wfurÇmBu;D wdüYk vnf;aumi;f? uke;f owå0g cyford ;f ? a&owå0gcyfodrf;? aumif;uifowå0g cyfodrf;wdkY\ w½kef;½kef; wtkef; tkef; uH 3 yg;trIawGudk tukefodjrifMuukef&m\/ þavmu"mwfBu;D rSmuJo h Ykd ta&SUt&yfrmS vnf; avmu"mwf wdkYonf tqHk;r&Sdukef? taemuft&yfrSmvnf; tqHk;r&Sdukef? awmif t&yfrmS vnf; tqH;k r&Su d ek ?f ajrmuft&yfrmS vnf; tqH;k r&Su d ek ?f xdt k qH;k r&S d a om avmu"mwf teEÅ w d k Y ü vnf ; uk e f ; owå 0 g? a&owå 0 g? aumif;uifowå0gwdkY\ uH 3 yg; trIawGudk ajr§mfav/ tukefajr§mfrdMuukefonf&Sdaomf cyfodrf;aom owå0gwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fcE¨mrSjzpfaom uH 3 yg;wdkYjzihf touf&SnfMu&ukef\/ uH 3 yg;wdkYjzihf csrf;om okcudk &Muukef\/ aumif;aom uH 3 yg;udk jyKí aumif;usKd;okctrsKd;rsKd;udk &Muukef\/ raumif;aom uH 3 yg;udk jyKí raumif;usKd; 'ku©trsKd;rsKd;udk &Muukef\/ uH 3 yg;onfomvQif owå0gwdkYrSm twGif;OpömtrSefjzpf\/ rD;ab;ç a&ab;ç cd;k olç "g;jyab;wdaYk Mumihf rysurf qH;k Ekid f aom xm0& OpömtrSefjzpf\/ wjcm;wyg;aom Opöm[lí aMu;eDydkufqH wjym;wefrQ r&Sdaomfvnf; twwfynm tvdrfrm[laom raemuH&SdcJh vQif csrf;omatmif BuHaqmifEkdifawmhonf/ a&wd&pämef? ukef;wd&pämef? aumif;uifysH wd&pämefwdkYonf uH 3 yg;oufoufESihf touf&SnfMuukef\/ xdkYaMumihf ]]oaAÁowåm ur®óum}} [lí a[mawmfrlavonf/ ypö K yÜ e f u H csrf ; om&ef ,ckb0ü ypönf;Opömaygrsm;jcif;? tpdk;&*kPfusufoa&ESihf jynhpf jkH cif; tp&Sad om aumif;usK;d csr;f omwdu Yk kd tvd&k MdS uukeaf om olwYkd onf twwfynm tvdrfrmrsKd;udk aumif;pGmjynhfpHkatmif tm;xkwf vkyfaqmifygvQif xdkaumif;usKd;csrf;omwdkYudk &Ekdif\/ twwfynm tvdrfrmrsKd;udk tm;rxkwfbJ xm0&bk&m;udk ,HkMunfpGm &Sdcdk;í þuJh okdY aumif;usKd;csrf;omudk &EkdifMuukefonf jzpfjim;tHh? xm0&bk&m;udk ,HkMunfMuukefaom vlrsKd;wdkYonf ukefoG,fjcif;? v,fvkyfjcif;? twwf ynm? tvdrrf mwdu Yk kd oifMum;tm;xkwjf cif;? tp&Su d ek af om um,uHr?I 0pDuHr? raemuHrIwdkYudk rjyKMuukefrlí xm0&bk&m;udk &Sdcdk;jcif; tvkyfwpfck udkomjyKíaeMuukef\/ xdkodkYum;r[kwf? Ak'¨bmomvlrsKd; wdkYuJhodkYyif ukefoG,fjcif;? v,fvkyfjcif;? twwfynm tvdrfrmwdkYudk

taking refuge in and paying respects to the three gems- Buddha, . Dhamma and Sangha, are known as good Kamma done in this present life with a view to ripening in future existences, to being reborn in a good abode. If any one of the nine kinds of immoral conduct be performed, whether for ripening in this existence or in the future, that kamma leads one to the lower planes in future existences. So it is known as bad kamma having its result ripening in future existence. In this way, one should differentiate the good and bad kammas and contemplate all the three kinds of kammas which are performed every where on land, in water, and in the sky. Having seen with our eyes the three kammas which are performed in this world, we can also comprehend that all beings, on land, in water and in the sky have been performing these three kammas in their past existences of endless world cycles and will also perform them in the future. Like this universe, there are in the four directions, infinite universes in which all beings in water, and land and in the sky are performing these three kammas. Having discerned all these, it is quite apparent that all beings live by these three kammas done by themselves. They enjoy happiness by virtue of these three kammas. By performing the three good kammas, they enjoy various benefical results and by performing the three bad kammas, they encounter various kinds of misery and suffering. The three kammas are their own property which can never be destroyed by fire, water, thieves, robbers and so forth. Though one may own nothing, not even a single coin, he can achieve happiness if he had mental kamma in the form of knowledge and wisdom. So, the Buddha declared, "Sabbe satta- kammassaka-" All beings have the three volitional kammas as their own property. The Result of Present Kamma Those who wish to acquire worldly gains such as wealth, governental standing and honour in this life can achieve their wish if they exert themselves to acquire education and knowledge. If it be that such worldly gains can be had without acquir-


DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ oifMum;tm;xkwfjcif;? tp&Sdukefaom um,uHrI? 0pDuHrI? raemuHrIwdkY udk c&pf,mefvrl sK;d ? r[mrufvrl sK;d ? b&if*sv D rl sK;d wdv Yk nf; jyKvyk f tm;xkwf Muukef\/ xkdYaMumihf xdkvlrsKd;wdkYonfvnf; ,ckb0ü ypönf;OpömESihf jynhfpHkjcif;? tpdk;&*kPfusufoa&ESihf jynhfpHkjcif; tp&Sdukefaom aumif; usKd; csrf;omwdkYudk xm0&bk&m;ay;í&Muukefonfr[kwf? um,uH? 0pDuH raemuH[laom rdrdwdkYypöKyÜefuHay;íom &Muukefonf[k odjrif ,HkMunfEkdif&m\/ ypöKyÜefuHtcsufudk jyqdkcPf;NyD;\/

23

ing education and knowledge and by merely worshipping God, the believers in God may not perform physical, verbal and mental kammas such as trading, farming, learning arts and sciences. Instead, they may perform only the act of worshipping God. As a matter of fact, it is not so. Like the Buddhists, the Christians, Mohammedans etc., are performing the three kinds of kamma and for this reason, they acquire worldly gains. It is not God, but three kinds of Kamma that gave these to them.

a&S ; uH a y;í <u,f a X; ,ckb0ü ypönf;Opöm aygrsm;jcif;? tpdk;&*kPfusufoa&ESihf jynhfpHkjcif;? tp&Sdukefaom aumif;usKd;csrf;omwdkYudk xm0& bk&m;u ay;í &Ekid Mf uukeo f nfr[kw?f rdrw d jYkd yKMuaom tvdrrf m[laom uHay; íom &Ekid Mf uukeo f nf[k 'd|rd sujf rif ,HMk unfEidk Mf uukeo f uJo h Ykd aoonf rS aemufb0wdkYü ypönf;Opöm aygrsm;aom olaX;ol<u,fwdkYü vlYtjzpf udk &jcif;? ewfaumif;odMum;aumif;tjzpfudk &jcif;[laom aumif;usKd; csrf;omwdkYudkvnf; xm0&bk&m;wdkYudk udk;uG,f&Sdcdk;í xm0& bk&m;ay; í &ukefonfr[kwf? a&S;a&S;b0ü rdrdwdkY jyKcJhMuaom 'gerI? oDvrI? paom rdrdwdkY twdwfuHay;íom &Muukefonf[k odjrif,HkMunfMu ukefaom olrSm xdktrsKd;ü &SdorQaom Opöm"ewdkYonf xdkol\ Opömjzpf ukef\/ xdkOpömpkonf xdkolrSm a&S;uHay;í &onfrnf\/ opf y if O yrm þt&mü opfyif Oyrmudk jyOD;tHh? opfyif tpOftquf jzpf&mü avmutvdktm;jzihf rsKd;aphrS jzpfonf[k ajymqdk&m\/ tbd"r®mtvdktm;jzihf Owkac:aom awaZm"mwf txl;rS jzpfonf[k ajymqdk&m\/ rsKd;aph[lonf awaZmrsKd; tpktcJyif jzpf\/ xdkawaZmonfomvQif rsKd;aphtppfjzpf\/ opfyifwdkYonf rsKd;aphr&Sdao;rD urÇmOD;tcgü xdkOwk[laom awaZm"mwf txl;rSjzpf ukef\/ aemufürlum; xdkopfyifrS toD;rsKd;aphwdkYonf jzpfvmukef\/ xdkrsKd;aphwdkYrS opfyif tqufqufwdkYonf jzpfukef\/ xdkYtwl vl? wd&pämefpaom owå0gwdkYüvnf; 'ge? oDv? tpp&S d a om aumif ; aomuH ? ol Y t ouf u d k o wf j cif ; tp&S d a om raumif;aom uHwdkYonf&SdMuukef\/ xdkuHwdkYonf rsKd;aphwdkYyifwnf;? a&S;a&S;urÇma&S;a&S;b0wdkYü rdrdwdkYoEÅmefrSm jzpfcJhMuukefaom uHrsKd; aphaMumihf aemufaemufurÇm aemufaemufb0wdkYü vl? wd&pämefpaom owå 0 gtquf q uf w d k Y o nf jzpf M uuk e f \ / 'ge? oD v ? paom aumif;aom uHrsKd;aphwdkYrS vlYb0? ewfb0[laom aumi;faom b0wdkY onf jzpfMuukef\/ olYtoufoufjcif; tp&Sdaom raumif;aom uHrsKd;aphwdkYrS i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,f[laom raumif;aom b0wdkYonf jzpfMuukef\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

The Result of Past kamma Just as we can see with our eyes, that in this life the worldly gains are not given by God but are acquired by one's own kamma, similary we can realise that beneficial results of being reborn in a wealthy family or in the deva world are not by virtue of worshipping God but by virtue of past kammas such as almsgiving, observance of morality, and so forth, performed in previous existences. One who is reborn in a welthy family becomes the owner of the riches of that family. That is, all his possessions are due to his past kamma. Here, the analogy of vegetation should be given. The process of the formation and growth of vegetation to the Abhidhamma, the element of kinetic energy (tejo), which is known as caloricity (utu), is said to be the cause. The seed is nothing but the element of kinetic energy. That element of kinetic energy is the real seed. At the beginning of the world, before the existence of seeds, vegetation grew from tejo. Later, that vegetaion produced fruits and seeds from which trees grew successively. In the same way, all beings have kamma as their seeds of becoming; wholesome kamma as almsgiving, morality, etc.. and unwholesome kamma as taking others lives etc. The process of becoming as men and animals, is due to the past kamma in previous existences. On account oft he wholesome kamma etc., they are reborn as man and deva; and because of the unwholesome volitional kamma they are reborn in four lower worlds: hell, animal world, peta world and asura world.

(To be continue)


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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

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TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ rnf? ur®0#fvnfNyD/ (3) ¤if;Muufom;udk csuf [if; jzpfonfESihf pm;oHk;ypfvdkufMu acsNyD/ 0dygu0#fqdkufoGm;NyD/ þum; wpfzufom;ESihfwGJvsuf 0#fvnfyHkwnf;/ xdkodkY vnfMu&m0,f (u) olodkY udk,fowf olrauseyf tNidK;BuD; tpGJBuD;jzihf udk,fhodkY uvJhpm;acs&ef tpGJxm;jcif;/ (c) udk,fhodkY olowf udk,fvnf;rauseyf tNidK;rSwfjzihf olYodkY jyef vnfowf&ef tpGJusefjcif;/ xdktmCmwum; rkef;NidK;jypfrsm;xm;ol tcsif;csif; orifESihf usm; zm;ESihfa`rGyrm wpfb0 wpfae&m wpfurÇmrSm qHkawGUrdMuvQif oliY gowf ud, k o hf o l wfjzihv f nf; 0#fywfcsmvnfapao;onf/ xdk vnfywfrItm;vHk;wdkYonf rdrdwpfOD;wnf;vnfaom 0#frScsnf; pwifMu&jcif;wnf;/ awmif ; tk y f < uuf rS e f ; csuf j zih f w G u f 0uf j zpf a ewwf o nf tarSmifMum;oGm; avmbom;wdkYonf txufu qdck ahJ omenf;jzihf rsupf v d nfvsuf &SMd uukeaf vNy/D ¤if;wdkY taumif;xif vkyfrdaeao;orQ qdk;pudkom csOf;eif; rdMuacs&m.... ta&SUudkajymvsufu taemufodkYom xGufaeonfyrmom &Sdacs\/ txufudk ajymvsufu atmufodkYom ,ufaeonfyrmom &Sdacs\/ awmif;jzihftkyfxm;aom <uufudk 0ufyJ[lí a[mudef;xkwf avolyrm txifESihf tjrifum; yg;pifus,fvGJrSm;vsufuom &Sdacs\/ odkYaMumihf.... tpGJudkpm;vsufu tpm;udkpGJaomb0odkY vSvSBuD; a&mufMu &&SmacsNyD/ xdkpGJpdwfrsm;jzihfyif.... wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; &pfywfcsnfaESmif tarSmifcsay;xm;jcif;? wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; rkef;NidK;jypfrSm; tmCmwxm;jcif;rSonf &efvkdjcif;? tBuKd ucf si;f zuf? zsuq f ;D jcif;? ,SONf yKd iw f zk uf vk,ufjcif;ponfh pdwrf nf; wdkYcsnf; cdkpGJukefMuawmh&m... rnf;oavmuf rdu k f rdu k o f avmuf wdu k rf cd u kd rf ad eMuukeaf v NyD/ wdkufjcif;onf twdkufcH&&m\ vrf;pjzpfNyD; wpfzef twdkuf cH&jcif;onfvnf; wdkufjcif; cdkufjcif;odkYom vrf;pqHk;ap\/ xkdolwdkYonf...wpfOD;onf wpfOD;odkY igydkif[laom tpGJBudK; wdkYjzihf wkyfaESmifxm;MuNyD; wPSma&,OfaMumxJodkY arQmcsay;aeMu &m.... ESpfOD;pvHk; BudK;wkyfrdvQufom;jzihf wPSma&pD;aMumif;BuD;twdki;f pkefwpfcsD qefwpfvSnhfarsm yg aeMu&&Smukef\/ rnfrQ ajcukefvufyrf;usaeap... ,uf p &mvnf ; vuf r &S d wuf p &mvnf ; urf ; rxd j zih f ESpfavmif;NydKifzufvsufu txufwufcGihf r&Muav&m epfvsufu rGef;ae½HkrSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sdawmhacs/ epfrGef;MurSef; odaeMuí txufwufvdkMu\/ odw Yk apvnf; wufciG rfh &acs/ wufciG rfh &onfeh nf;wl zsucf iG fh

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(epfrGef;rI'ku© y,fzsufcGihf) vnf; cGihfromacs/ xdktcg BudK;wkyfolukd vQif BudK;½Iyfoltxifjzihf tcsif;csif; tm;udk;tm;xm;rI jyKMu&acsawmh \/ BudK;wkyfoludkvQif BudK;jzwfay;rnfholtoGifjzihf xifrdrSm;vmMuacs \/ b0wl axmifom; u,fwifoltvm; txifxm;jcif;wnf;/ b0c&D;oGm;azmf xkdpum;onf epfrGef;aeol BudK;wkyfcHorm;ESpfOD;\ avoHyif r[kwfavm/ Muifazmfoufay; xdkpum;onfvnf; epfrGef;aeol BudK;wkyfcHorm;ESpfOD;\ atmf[pfoHyifr[kwfavm/ þum;.... a0ae,swdkY\ xHk;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) pmrsuf E S m 6 rS ay:vmw,f/ puFmylq&kd ifvnf; puFmylay:vmr,f/ tar&duefqv kd nf; tar&duef ay:r,f/ *syefqdkvnf; *syefudk oGm;a&mufr,faemf/ pdwf uav;[m a&mufw,f? a0;wJhae&ma&mufw,f? 'Dxuf oltm½HkjyKEdkif &if 'Dxufa0;wJhae&mawmif a&mufao;w,f olu? a0;wJhae&mu tm½Hkudk &,lEdkifwmudkyJ ta0;oGm;w,fvdkY ajymwmyg? wu,fawmh pdwfuav;u xGufoGm;wmr[kwfbl;/ odkYaomf avmua0g[m&tm;jzihf ajymr,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if 'l&*FrHta0;BuD;udkoGm;w,fqdkwJhpum;udk t*FvdyfvdkjyefvkdY&Sd&if Mind travels far pdwfu c&D;a0;oGm;w,fwJh? ta0;BuD;udkoGm;w,f? 'DvdkyJjyefMu w,f/ odaYk omf em;vnf&r,hf t"dymÜ ,fu a0;vHwt hJ m½Hu k kd &,lw,fvYkd 'Dvdkem;vnf&r,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) pmrsuf E S m 8 rS aemufqw k Mf u&\/ t0½k'u ¨ bDv;l onfvnf; wefc;dk enf;aomaMumihf wpfq,hEf pS , f Zl em aemuf qkwo f mG ;&awmh\/ bk&m;&Siv f nf; nOho f ;Hk ,H ywfvkH; y&dwft&Htwm; jyKawmfrl\/ ckepf&ufvGefu t0½k'¨u bDv;l onf oli,fudk pm;cGifh r&? &Sp&f ufajrmuf tm½kw H ufcsed üf oli,fudk bk&m;&Siftm; &Sdckd;apav onf/ oli,f&Sdckd;aom tcg bk&m;u]]touf&n S af p}}[kred MYf um;vsuf ykPmÖ ;Bu;D \ar;avQmufcsuf aMumihf touf wpf&mhESpfq,f&SnfrnfjzpfaMumif; rdefYawmfrl um oli,ftm; ]tm,k0¹ke owdkYom;} [k trnfrSnhfaponf/ ]]txó tm,k0¹ke ukrma&mwd emr ruHok}} ]]tx- xkdokdYtoufwpf&mhESpfq,f &Snfonf&Sdaomf? tóxk d o wd k Y o m;tm;? tm,k 0 ¹k e uk r ma&mwd e mrH - tm,k 0 ¹k e owd k Y om;[laomtrnfukd? tuHok- ay;Muukef\}} ]]'DCm,kuwm? ygPmwdygwm a0& rPd,m zvH}} ]]'DCm,kuwm- touf&Snfapaom tjzpfonf? ygPmwd ygwm a0&rPd,mzvH- olt Y oufowfjcif;ukd MuOfa&SmifcahJ om tusK;d aywnf;/}} &S i f Ó P (zsmyk H ) usrf ; uk d ; "r®y'? t|uxm


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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

tvSL'gejyKMu&mü BuKd wiford w S pf &mtaMumif;t*Fgrsm; oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

oyÜ K &d o 'get*F g (8) yg; (1) okpd Ha'wd- pifMu,faom tvSL0w¬Kudkay;vSLjcif;/ (2) yPdwHa'wd- trGeftjrwfudkay;vSLjcif;/ (3) umavea'wd- oifhavsmfaomtcgüay;vSLjcif;/ (4) uyÜd,Ha'wd- tyfpyfaom0w¬Kudkay;vSLjcif;/ (5) 0dap,sa'wd- tvSLcHpdwfBudKufa&G;jc,fapívSLjcif;/ (6) tbdPSHa'wd- rjywf (cPcP) ay;vSLjcif;/ (7) ''HpdwåHyoma'wd- vSLaepOf pdwfMunfEl;jcif;/ (8) 'wGmtwåraema[mwd- vSLNyD;onhfaemuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;/ oyÜK&do- olawmfaumif;wdkY\ 'ge-tvSL&Spfyg;wnf;/ (tH? t|? yg? 74) Ä pif M u,f r G e f j rwf ? csd e f c gtyf ? a&G ; vwf z ef c gcg/ Ä vS L qJ M unf v if ? vS L 'gef ; vQif ? tpOf 0 rf ; ajrmuf y g/ Ä oyÜ K &d o ? jrwf ' ge? t|&S p f r sd K ;vm/ oyÜ K &d o 'ge (5) yg; (1) o'¨g, 'geHa'wd- o'¨gxufoefpGmay;vSL\/ (2) ouúpöH 'geHa'wd- ½dkaopGmay;vSL\/ (3) umave 'geHa'wd- oihfavsmfaomtcgüay;vSL\/ (4) te*¾[dwpdawåm'geHa'wd- rpGef;rNidvGwfvGwfpGefYíay;vSL\/ (5) twåmeÍöy&Íö tEky[pö 'geHa'wd- rdrdudkrajr§muf? olwpfyg;udk rESdrfhcsbJ? rdrdolwpfyg;ESpfOD;om;udk rxdryg;ay;vSL\/ aygif; oyÜK&do'ge (5) yg;wnf;/ oyÜ K &d o 'getusd K ;zv (5) yg; (1) o'¨g'geaMumihf <u,f0csrf;omvsuf ½kyf&nfvSy\/ (2) ouúpö'geaMumihf <u,f0csrf;omvsuf MoZmanmif;\/ olwpfyg; ½dkao\/ (3) umv'geaMumihf <u,f0csr;f omvsuf csed cf grvihf t&Hoiht f usKd ;ay; \/ (4) te*¾[dwpdwå'geaMumifh <u,f0csrf;omvsuf *kPfESifhvkdufpGm aumif;rGef&m&mudk oHk;aqmif&\/ pdwf"mwfjrihf\/ (5) tEkyCmw'geaMumihf <u,f0csrf;omvsuf &efolrsdK;ig;yg;rzsufqD; Edkif/ o'¨ g Munf n d K ? ½d k a ovS p G m ? tcgud k o d ? rpG e f ; Nid b J ? rxd r yg;? ay;vS L jim;? ig;yg;oyÜ K &d o ? jrwf ' ge/ (wd y d # u"& rif ; uG e f ; q&mawmf B uD ; ) (1) MunfndKo'¨g? ay;vSLyg? ½kyf0gvSyonf/ (2) ½dkaovSpGm? ay;vSLyg? MoZmanmif;vdrfhrnf/ (3) avsmaf omtcg? ay;vSLygrl? csed cf grvih?f t&Hoih?f qihq f ihf tusdK;? ay;NrJ½dk;/ (4) rpGef;rNid? ay;vSLbdrl? y&dabm*? [lorQü?

aumif;rSñTef;rS? okH;vkdvS? avmuxnf0grnf/ (5) rxdryg;? ay;vSLjim;rl? ig;yg;&efawG? rvmacs? taeat;jr onf/ / 'ge 'ge [lorQ <u,f0apawmhonf/ þonfwdkYum; oyÜK&do'ge (5) yg;ESifh tusdK;zv (5) yg; jzpfonf/ ,ck b 0üyif tusd K ;BuD ; rm;pG m ay;rnf h t vS L 'gersd K ; rdrday;vSLaom ,ckb0üyif pnf;pdrfBuD;rm;tusdK;w&m;udk jzpfapwwfaom tvSL'gersdK;udk? "r®y'ygVdawmf? t|uxm'kwd,tkyf pmrsufESm 59 wGif azmfjyygonf/ vuf a wG U vuf i if ; tusd K ;zvjzpf a pwwf a om taMumif ; t*F g orÜ ' g (4) yg; (1) 0w¬KorÜ'g- eda&m"ormywf&xdkufaom tem*grf? &[EÅm[k qdktyfaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfjynhfpHkjcif;/ (2) ypö,orÜ'g- "r®d,v'¨pifMu,faom tvSL0w¬Kypönf;jynhfpHkjcif;/ (3) apwemorÜ'g- ykAÁ rkÍö y& oHk;yg;aomumvü aomreó o[*kwfÓPorÜ,kwfjzpfaom apwem\jynhfpHkjcif;/ (4) *kPmwda&uorÜ'g- tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfonf eda&m"ormywfrSxcdkuf ESihf jynhfpHkjcif;/ þorÜ'gav;yg;wdkYaMumihf xdk'geukodkvfonf ,ckb0üyif vufiif;'d|Bu;D pGmaompnf;pdrcf sr;f omudk &&Sad pEdik rf nf[k "r®y'ygVdawmf t|uxmwGif a[mawmfrlygonf/ v- tem*grf? &[EÅmjzpf&rnf/ (1) tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf (2) tvSL0w¬K- "r®d,v'¨jzpf&rnf/ (3) apwem apwem- ykAÁ rkÍö y& apwemoHk;wefjynhfpHk&rnf/ (4) tvSLccH- tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfjzpfaom tem*grf? &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwdkY eda&m" ormywfrS xvmptcsdefjzpf&rnf/ þt*Fgav;csujf ynhpf u kH ? 'geukov kd o f nf 'd|"r® ,ckb0üyif csufcsif;vufiif;tusdK;BuD;rm;pGmay;rnfjzpfavonf/ uk o d k v f r jzpf tuk o d k v f o mjzpf a om 'ge (5) yg; þavmuü 'ge[kqykd gvsuf 'geukov kd rf jzpfyJ tukov kd o f m jzpfaom tvSL'ge (5) yg;&SdaMumif;udk 0denf;yd#uwf? y&d0g ygVdawmf231 ESihf ¤if;t|uxm- 173 wdkYü azmfjyxm;&Sdygonf/ tuk o d k v f j zpf a paom'gersm; (1) rZÆ'ge- ao&nf? ao&uf? bdef;bif;uapmfudk vSL'gef;jcif;/ (2) orZÆ'ge- uyGJ? qdkyGJ? wD;yGJobifudk vSL'gef;usif;yay;jcif;/ (3) £wdå'ge- arxkeftwGuf rdef;rudkvSL'gef;jcif;/ (4) Oob'ge- EGm;rtkyfxJodkY EGm;odk;udkvTwfay;vSL'gef;jcif;/ (5) pdwåur®'ge- &m*ukdvIefYaqmfay;wwfaom yef;csDum;? ½kyfxk ponfudk vSL'gef;jcif;wdkYjzpfavonf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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Ak'E¨ iS afh wGUcsiyf govm; xG e f ; wif h a tmif oif Ak'¨ESihfawGUcsifygovm;/ þodkY ar;vdkufaomtcg Ak'¨y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;onfrSm ESpfaygif; 2500 yif ausmfcJhNyDjzpf&m tlaMumif aMumifEidk af omar;cGe;f ukd xkwaf vjcif;qkad om tawG;jzihf ]]awGUcsifw,fqkdawmh cifAsm;u bmwwfEidk rf mS rkv Yd v Ydk }J } [laom tar;wkjYH yefvm ayvdrrfh nf/ Ak'E¨ iS afh wGUcsio f nfqo dk u l dk vufqNJG y;D Ak'¨xHokdYta&mufykdYay;Ekdifjcif;awmh r&Sdyg/ okdY aomf Ak'¨ESihftrSefwu,fawGUcsifolukdum; Ak'¨ ESihfawGUEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;ñTefjyay;Ekdifrnf[k xifygonf/ Ak'¨ESihftrSefwu,fawGUcsifoltzkdY Ak'¨&Sdaeonfukd odzkdYvkdygonf/ ,ck ypöKyÜefrSm yif Ak'¨&Sdaeonfukdod&vQif Ak'¨ESihfawGUcsifol tzkYd Ak'E¨ iS afh wGU&ef arQmv f ihcf suBf u;D pGm xm;Ekid f rnfjzpfonf/ wu,fwef;tm;jzihfvnf; Ak'¨ onf ,ckwkdif&Sdaeygonf/ Ak'¨ y&dedAÁmefpH0ifcgeD;aomtcg ykxk ZOf&[ef;rsm;u ikdMuonf/ Ak'¨onf olwdkYESihf twl & S d a wmh r nf r [k w f [l a omtawG ; jzih f 0rf;enf;ylaqG;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif Ak'¨u þodkY rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/ ]]tmeE´m ig\wynhf &[ef ; oH C mwd k Y o nf igy&d e d A Á m ef p H 0 if a om tcg igbk & m;r&S d N yD ? igvG e f N yD [ k xif r S w f Muayvdrfhrnf? xkdodkY rxifrSwfoihf/ iga[m aomw&m;onf igvGefaomtcg oifwdkY\ q&mjzpf v wH h ? xk d Y a Mumif h igvG e f a omf vnf ; ig&S d o nf [ k o m aumif ; pG m rS w f t yf \}} [k rdefYMum;cJhonf/ txufyg Ak'\ ¨ rdeMYf um;csut f & ,ck wkdif Ak'¨&SdaeonfrSm xif&Sm;\/ ,cktcg Ak'¨ onf urÇmah e&mtESt YH jym;wGif &Sad e\/ Ak'E¨ iS fh awGUvko d o l nf wul;wu c&D;oGm;aezkyYd ifrvk/d þonfrSmvnf; Ak'¨bmom,kHMunfudk;uG,f aomEkdifiHrsm;wGif aexkdifolrsm;tzkdYjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmom,kHMunfukd;uG,frIr&Sdaom t&yf a'orsm;wGifvnf; Ak'¨ESihfawGUolrsm; &Sdaumif; &SdEkdifonf/ okdYaomf xkdolwdkYonf Ak'¨ESihfawGU aomfvnf; awGUrSef;odcsifrSodrnf/ ,ckwkdif Ak'¨&Sdaeonfukd Ak'¨bmom

0if t awmf r sm;rsm;u od M uayvd r h f r nf / ,ckwdkif Ak'¨&Sdaeonfukd rodolrsm;vnf; &S d a eao;onf / Ak ' ¨ & S d a erS e f ; od a omf v nf ; xkdokdYodaeolrsm;xHrS Ak'¨ESihfawGUol rnfrQ &Sdrnfenf;/ Ak'¨ESifhawGUol tvGefBuD;enf;í Ak'E¨ iS rfh awGUol tvGeBf u;D rsm; ayvdrrfh nf/ Ak'¨ ouf a wmf x if & S m ;&S d p Of u yif Ak ' ¨ E S i h f t wl wpfausmif;wnf;aevsuf Ak'¨ESihf rawGUol tawmfrsm;rsm;&SdcJhonf/ Ak'¨ oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdpOfu Ak'¨ukd yk*K¾ v d af &;cifrif&if;ES;D olrsm;pGm &Scd o hJ nf/ xko d l rsm;teuf t&Sif0uúvd trnf&Sd&[ef;onf Ak ' ¨ u k d Munf n Kd q k H ; yk * ¾ K d v f j zpf o nf / Ak ' ¨ u k d MunfnKdaomt&mwGif olYukdrDSol wpfOD;rQr&Sd/ olwpfOD;wnf;om&Sdonf/ NydKifbufuif;ol jzpfonf/ ol &[ef;abmifodkY0ifjcif;onfyif vQif Ak'¨ukd zl;ajrmfMunfnKdaevdkaomaMumihf jzpfonf/ Ak'¨ukd MunfnKd&mwGif {w'*fbGJU &onf/ okdY&mwGif t&Sif0uúvdonf Ak'¨ESihf wpfausmif;wnf;twlaeNyD; Ak'¨ukd zl;ajrmf MunfnKdaeaomfvnf; Ak'¨ESifhrawGUao;acs/ wpfaeYaomf Ak'o ¨ nf t&Si0f uúvu d dk þodYk rdeaYf wmfro l nf/ ]]0uúvd rif;[m t&d,m opömtvkyfukd rvkyfbl;? t&d,mopömtvkyf om edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;tusifhaumif;tvkyf om igckid ;f wJt h vkyjf zpfw,f? igckid ;f wJt h vkyu f dk rif;rvkyb f J ightem;rSmaeNy;D ihgukw d MunhMf unhf vkyfaew,f? igckdif;wJhtvkyfukd? t&d,opöm tvkyu f dk rvkyo f rQumvywfv;Hk igha&SUa&muf aeayrJh igeJaY wGU&mrrnfb;l / oGm;awmhumG rif; ightem;rSmraeeJ}Y } [k Ak'u ¨ rdeMfY um;vku d o f nf/ xk d t cg t&S i f 0 uú v d o nf tBuD ; tus,f pdw"f mwfusomG ;avonf/ olonf Ak'u ¨ v dk nf; þodaYk vQmufxm;vku d af vonf/ ]]t&Sib f &k m; wynhaf wmf &[ef;abmifo0Ykd ifjcif;onf t&Sif bk & m;uk d zl ; ajrmf a evk d a omaMumih f 0ifjcif;jzpfygonfbk&m;? ,ck t&Sifbk&m; teD;rSmrae&awmh bl;qkad wmh wynhaf wmftzkYd bmt"d y Ü m ,f & S d awmh r S m vJ bk & m;}} [k avQmufNyD; xGufoGm;av onf/ t&Si0f uúvd rnfonhaf e&modo Yk mG ;í rnfonhftvkyfukd vkyfrnfqkdonfukd Ak'¨u

odonf/ Ak'¨onf *dZÑuk#fawmifay:odkY jzwf vrf;rS<uNyD; &Sif0uúvdvmrnfhvrf;rS apmihfBuKd ESihfavonf/ &Sif0uúvdvnf; Ak'¨xifonhf twdkif; a&mufvmav&m Ak'¨ESihfyufyif;wdk;í aeavonf/ pifppf &Sif0uúvdonf Ak'¨teD; wGif aeNyD; Ak'¨ukd zl;ajrmfaecGihfr&aomaMumihf *dZÑuk#f awmifay:rSckefcsNyD; rdrdudk,fukdrdrd vk y f B uH t qk H ; pD & if & ef v mcJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf / awmifay:wGif Ak'¨ ESiafh wGUNy;D Ak'u ¨ a&mifjcnf awmfajcmufoG,f uGefYjrL;um cspfom;0uúvdraMumih f v if h ? igbk & m;uk d zl ; jrif a vmh ? &THUñTefwGif epfaeaomqifukd ukef;odkYqGJwif ouJ h o d k Y oH o &mwnf ; [l a om ñT H w G i f ; rS ed A Á m ef w nf ; [l a om Munf ; uk e f ; xuf o d k Y oif c spf o m;tm; igbk & m; yk d Y a qmif u,fwifaytHhpojzifh w&m;"r® a[mñTef jyorS tuRwf w &m;&um &[EÅ m jzpf o G m ; avonf/ þwG i f Ak ' ¨ \ rsuf a rS m uf a wmf ü aeyifaejim;aomfvnf; Ak'¨vkdvm;onhf edAÁmef a&mufaMumif; tusihfaumif;ukd rusihfvQif? t&d,opömtvkyfukdrvkyfvQif Ak'¨ESihfawGU&m rrnfqo dk nfuv dk nf;aumif;? Ak'u ¨ , G &f mae&m? Ak'E¨ iS afh 0;&mae&mwGiv f nf;aumif;? Ak'a¨ *gwr qkdaomyk*¾Kdvfoabmr&SdawmhaomtcgwGif vnf ; aumif ; ? ed A Á m ef a &muf a Mumif ; tusih f aumif;usiv fh Qif t&d,opömtvkyu f v dk yk v f Qif ted r f h q k H ; tm;jzih f ig;yg;oD v ? &S p f y g;oD v ponf h Ak ' ¨ \ tqk H ; truk d rvd r f w rf ; rnmwrf;? [efraqmifwrf;? wu,fwrf; usihfBuHtm;xkwf rqkwfwrf;tvkyfvkyfrnf rnf qkv d Qix f o kd o l nf Ak'E¨ iS afh wGUonfrnfayvdrrhf nf/ pmrsuf E S m 33 ok d Y


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

Ak'¨0g'onf 0dbZÆ0g' q&mawmf OD ; eE´ Ak'&¨ iS af wmfa*gwr\0g'onf 0dbZÆ 0g'jzpfonf/ t&m&mrSm t&rf;uma&mvufcH jcif;? t&rf;uma&m ypfy,fjcif;rjyKbJ a0zefí ,l&aom0g'jzpfonf/ rsupf rd jrifaomolonf rsufpdjrifaomolwdkY\ ajymorQudk,Hk&aom rsuu f ef;,H0k g'rsKd ;r[kw/f rdcifonf uav;udk &ifcGifüxm;í vltrsm;ESifhpum;ajymae\/ uav;onf Edq Yk mí Edu Yk t kd wif;vSeaf e\/ rdcif onf vltrsm;a&SUü Edu Yk rkd wdu k v f í kd a[mMunhf prf;? yef;uefav;u vSvkdufwm jrifvm;[k yef ; uef a v;ud k vI y f í jy\/ uav;onf yef;uefupkd w d 0f ifpm;oGm;í Edu Yk akd rhomG ;awmh\/ þodkY tESyfcHvkduf&\/ þodkY oli,fESyfpm;rsdK; r[kwyf g/ cvkww f o H if; ql;an§mih?f acsmufusi;f wdkYudk umuG,fíaeaom ESif;awmwnf;odkY ajrm§ ufyihí f twif;wd;k cdik ;f ojzihf wd;k aomvlru kd f onf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&ouJhodkY vlrkdufESihf wHk;wHk; wdkufwdkufvkyfaom 0g'rsdK;r[kwf/ jyifír& atmif rSm;,Gif;íaeaom wxpfcswnf;[l aom avSe"H m;xpf,&l aom 0g'rsKd ;r[kw/f rdrd ,lxm;aom t,l0g'udk b,fvykd if rSm;,Gi;f rSe;f odayrJh rjyifEkdifaom tjyifrcHaom wpf,loH 0g'rsd K ;vnf ; r[k w f y g/ þum;jzpf o ih f \ ? jzpfEdkif\/ þum; rjzpfoihfrjzpfEdkif[k tm*r ,kw-då obm0,kw-då om"u,kww då jYkd zihf csed q f í ,l&aom0g'omjzpfonf/ då - tudk;uG,fcHwdkY\ 1/ tm*r,kwu qif;oufvmaom tpOftvmaumif;? raumif; udk a0zefíMunhf&jcif;/ 2/ obm0,kw-då þtusit fh rlonf aumif;usKd ;ay;Edik rf vm;? qd;k usKd ;ay;Edik rf vm;[k pDppfíMunhf&jcif;/ 3/ om"u,kwådu- þtrltusihf aMumihf b,folaumif;usdK;&í b,folYtm; qdk;usdK;&oGm;onf[laom om"uudkMunhf &jcif;wdkYaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh udk;uG,frI wdkYudk ,kwådwdkYjzihfqí MunhfMuOD;pdkY.... ewfudk udk;uG,f&mü- pwkr[m&mZf ewfrpS í ewfjynfajcmufxyf jA[®mESpq f ,fwYkd onf (ok*wd) aumif;aomtxufewfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ twGif; (37) rif;? tjyif (37)

rif; pwJh tudk;uG,fcHwdkYonf atmufewfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ txufewfrsm;udk udk;uG,fjcif; onf txdkuftavsmuf aumif;usKd ;&Edik o f nf/ atmufewfrsm;udk ud;k uG,jf cif;onf aumif;usKd ; &rIuenf;í qd;k usKd ;&rIursm;onf/ xdaYk Mumifh ud;k uG,rf w I pfcu k kd vufawGUtm;jzihf ,kww då jYkd zihf qíMunhfMupdkY/ (37) rif; tygt0ifjzpfaom awmif NyHK;rif;nDaemifwdkY\ qif;oufvmyHktm*r,k w å d t pOf t vmjzpf v m onh f yk * H j ynf taemf & xmrif ; ES i f h t wl w½kwfjynfodkY oGm;í pG,fawmfyihfítjyef awmifNyHK;t&yfü acwåem;pOf taysmftyg; rsm;aeMuí bk&m;wnf&mü wm0efvpfvyf ygojzih f tjypf o ih f u m towf c H c J h & \/ taemf&xmrif;ESihfwyfol wyfom;wdkYonf yk*o H jYkd yefMuawmhrnfjzpfaomtcg olwu Ykd awmh jyefMuawmhrnf? igwdkYrSmawmh pm;p&mr&Sd? aep&mr&Sdjzpfae\/ 'gaMumihf udk,fxifjyum taemf&xmrif;xH e,fpm;? y,fpm; awmif;& awmh\/ taemf & xmrif ; onf awmif N yH K ; wpfciG rf mS &SMd uaomvlrsm;udak c:Ny;D oifwo Ykd nf þrif;nDaemifwdkYudk tpma&pm Avdewfpm wdkYudk auR;í ewftdrfav;rsm; aqmufay; vku d Mf uyg[k trdecYf sojzihf awmifNyKH ;wpfciG rf mS &S d M u aomvl r sm;u rif ; nD a emif w d k Y t m; Avd e wf p m auR;jcif ; ? ewf p if u av;rsm; aqmufíay;Mu&\/ þonfudk aumufcsuf csvkdufvQif rif;nDaemifwdkY\ qif;oufvm aomjzpfpOfonf towfccH &hJ jcif;? ud, k w f idk u f wefcdk;r&Sdí pm;p&m? aep&mawmif;cH&onf/

þpum;t& qif ; ouf v maomjzpf p Of tm*r,k w å d o nf raumif ; yg/ xk d Y j yif ,if ; wd k Y \ yG J o nf trsd K ;orD ; rsm;tm; em;rcHomatmifajymrS oabmus ouJhodkY jzpf a eí ig;yg;oD v rvH k a omewf r sm; jzpfMuojzihf obm0,kwåd ¤if;wdkYwGifr&Sdyg/ (oDvr&Sdaom ewfrsm;udk oDv&SdaomvlwdkYu &Sdcdk;vQif cHEdkifyghrvm;)? NyD;awmh rif;nDaemif wd k Y u d k ud k ; uG , f o jzih f rnf o l Y r S m rnf o d k Y tusd K ;&S d e nf ; [k qif j cif v k d u f a omtcg ewfuawmf? ewfxed ;f wdrYk mS om enf; enf;yg;yg; pm;&aomuf & ojzih f tenf ; i,f a wmh tusdK;&SdyHk&\/ udk;uG,folESihf a&TyGJvmwdkYrSmrl ajymif&if;aemuf&if; um,uHrI? 0pDuHrI ½kefY&if; Muojzihf umracsmufwGif; usa&mufMuí i&J om tzwfwifawmh\/ xdaYk Mumifh om"u,kwdå vnf; raumif;yg/ þod k Y ,k w å d w d k Y j zih f csd e f u d k u f í Munhfvkdufaomtcg oabmtrSefwdkYonf ay: vm&í þyGJrsdK;onf aumif;usdK;r&onhftjyif bmoma&;t& o&P*kPfysufí qdk;usdK;udk om cH&ayOD;awmhvwåH/ (tu,fí rd½dk;zvm rdkY udk;uG,fylaZmfvdkygvQif uGrf;,m? aq;vdyf? vufzufwdkYudk udk,fwdkifwifí rdrdwdkYukodkvf aumif;rIjyKaomtcg arwåmydkYjcif;? trQtwef; ay;a0jcif;wdkYudkomjyKí udk;uG,foifhygonf/ ukodkvfjyK&mü vlwpfa,mufonf oHa0*ÓPf&í 'kv’b&[ef;jyKonfqdkygpdkY? rnfodkYaom tusdK;awG&EdkifovJ[k ,kwådqí Munhf&ygrnf/ omrnzvok w f ü jrwf p G m bk & m; vuf x uf a wmf w G i f tZmwowf r if ; onf


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ bk&m;'um aomwmyeftz Adro dÁ m&rif;Bu;D udk owfNyD;uwnf;u pdwfawGwjzwfjzwf wHkvIyf NyD; aumif;aumif;rpm;Edkif? rtdyfEdkif jzpfae awmh\/ tdyfa&;awGysufaeojzihf rsufpdxJrSm oJawGyufxm;ovdkjzpfNyD; rsufpdudk zGifhvkduf? ydwfvkdufwkdif; usdef;pyfaeí qif;&JvSojzihf wpf c k a om wef a qmif r k e f ; vjynh f n ü eef;awmfay:rSm rl;rwfrsm;ESifhae&if; avom wHcg;udkxízGihfNyD; tjyifudkvSrf;í Munhfvkduf \/ xdefxed o f míaeaom va&mifujkd rif&aom tcg tif;tcdk;yl&Sdef jrLwdrfuif;wJhva&mifudk jrif&wJholwkdif;rSm om,mMunfEl;EdkifayrJh ihgrSm awmh rom,mrMunf E l ; Ed k i f y gwum;[k nnf;wGm;&if; 'Dvt kd csed rf sKd ;rSm tb,fynm&Sx d H csOf;uyf&vQif aumif;yghrvJ[k qdkav\/ xd k t cg yk & mPuóy? ru© v d a*gomv paom wdw¬dq&mBuD; (6)a,muf wdkYudk udk;uG,fMuol rsm;u rdrdwdkYq&mrsm;xH oGm;xdu k af Mumif;? toD;ç toD; avQmufwifMu \/ xdkq&mBuD;wdkYxHudk oGm;zl;\/ bmrS tusdK;r&Sdonfudk awGU&í tZmwowfrif;u rvIy/f jrwfpmG bk&m;udk ud;k uG,af om q&mZD0u \ avQmufwifru I kd apmifah e\/ ZD0uç uvnf; olavQmufwifrIudk apmifhaerSef;od\/ ighudk xkwfí rar;bJrajym[k qdwfqdwfomae\/ tZmwowf r if ; onf þZD 0 uonf igu xkwí f rar;bJ avQmufwifrmS r[kw[ f k odojzihf tcsif;ZD0u oihfrSma&m udk;uG,f&mr&Sdzl;vm; [k ar;awmhrS ZD0uonf jrwfpmG bk&m; oDwif; okH;awmfrl&mbufodkYvSnhfí vuftkyfcsDum t&[H t p b*0gtqH k ; &S d a om *k P f u d k ; yg; ESijfh ynhpf akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;onf &[ef; awmf(250)ESiw fh uG tuREykf \ f o&ufO,smOfü oD w if ; oH k ; vsuf & S d y gonf / tu,f í t&S i f r if ; BuD ; oG m ;vd k y gu yd k Y a y;ygrnf [ k avQmufxm;\/ odkYjzpfvQif oGm;&efpDpOfygav [k apcdkif;í ZD0uudk a&SUoGm;jyK jrwfpGmbk&m; xHawmfoYkd oGm;Muukef \/ o&ufO,smOfem;odYk a&mufaomtcg Nird o f ufvo S jzihf b,fEh , S v fh J ZD0u oHCmawG (250) awmif &Sdw,fqdk/ acsqwf o H ? acsmif ; [ef Y o H a wmif rMum;& yguvm; [k ar;av\/ t&Sifrif;BuD; rpdk;&drfygvihf/ a&SUu wef a qmif ; 0ef ; &J U tv,f r S m jrwf p G m bk & m; w&m; a[maeygonf <uom<uyg[k ac:íoGm;\/ wjznf;jznf;ESihf jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;a[maom yv’iftem;odkY a&mufoGm;

aomtcg (250) rQ aom oHCmawmfrsm;onf NidrfoufNyD; w&m;em aeonfudk jrif&onfESihf tvGeftHhMooGm;NyD; ighom; O',b'´rif;om; [m þ&[ef ; awG u J h o d k Y Nid r f o uf y gvQif odyfaumif;rSmyJ[k om;xH pdwfa&mufoGm;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u þrif;onf igupí EIwfrqufvQif pum;ajym&ef cufvdrhfrnf[k odawmfro l jzihf rif;Bu;D oiho f m;xH pdwaf &muf oGm;oavm[k EIwfqufawmhrS rSefygaMumif; avQmuf í oif h w ih f a om ae&müxd k i f u m uefawmhNyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf cGihfjyKawmf rlygvQif wynhfawmfonf ar;avQmufygonf bk&m;[k avQmufxm;\/ rif;BuD; ar;csifygu ar;yg[k cGihfjyKawmfrl\/ jrwfpGmbk&m; avmuü qifp;D twwf? jrif;pD;twwf? vufrt I wwfwu Ykd kd wwfaomol wdkYonf olwdkY\ twwfynmtm;avsmfpGm tzdk;tcpm;&ouJhodkY &[ef;jyKaomolwdkYonf vnf ; &[ef ; jyK&usd K ; &S d y govm;bk & m;[k avQmufxm;\/ rif;Bu;D 'Dupd Eö iS yhf wfoufí oihu f ykd J jyefíar;tHh? tu,fþ rif;BuD;&JU trIvkyf (1) a,muf o nf tZmwowf r if ; vnf ; vl y J ? igvnf;vlyJ? odkYayrJh tZmwowfrif;usawmh tzufzufu jynhfpHk\/ ighrSmawmh rjynhfpHk 'g[muH&JU xl;jcm;jcif;yJ[k owd&í igonf ouFef;0wfí aumif;pGmaeawmhtHh[k ouFef; 0wf\/ xkdyk*¾dKvfukd vlxGufapí trIudkyJ jyefvkyfckdif;rvm;[kar;\/ rif;BuD;u vlxGuf rckdif;yg? wynhfawmfuyif ypönf;jzihf zdwfrefí t½dktaojyK&ygrnfbk&m;[k avQmufxm;\/ 'g[m &[ef;jyK&wJh yxrtusdK;yJ[k rif;BuD;u rdefYawmfrl\/ xdk&[ef;onf um,uHMurf;? 0pDuH Murf;awGudk a&SmifMuOfí oDvudk vHkNcHKatmif xdef;ojzihf yDwdcsrf;omudk&\/ oDvvHkojzihf orm"dcsrf;om? psmefcsrf;omudk&\/ orm"d csrf;om? psmefcsrf;omudk&ojzihf 0dyóem csrf;om? r*fcsrf;om? zdkvfcsrf;omwdkYudk&í qif ; &J t aygif ; rS v G w f a jrmuf & avawmh \ / þum; &[ef;jyK&usKd ;jzpfonf[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l / tZmwowf o nf þomrnzv okwaf wmfukd Mum;em&ojzihf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om &S d v S o jzih f jrwf p G m bk & m; wynh f a wmf t m; wynh'f um Oygoumtjzpf rSwaf wmfryl gbk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m;- wynhfawmfonf rodonhf tavsmuf? awGa0onhftavsmuf? rvdrfrm onhftavsmuf zcrnf;awmfudk owfcJhrdygNyD

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bk&m;? xdt k jypfwu Ykd kd cGiv hf w T af wmfryl gbk&m;[k avQmufxm;awmif;yefav\/ tZmwowfrif; onf xd k t csd e f u pí Ak ' ¨ b mom0if p pf p pf jzpfoGm;awmh\/ þuJhodkYjrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoem awmfjrwfBuD;onf twkr&Sdaom jrwfpGmbk&m; ocifudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;rS qif;oufvmjcif; aMumifh aumif;aom tm*r,kwEå iS fh jynhpf jkH cif;? odu©mwif odrf0ifvkdufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf raumif;aom um,uH? 0pDuHwdkYudk y,fMuOf í (227) oG,faom 0denf;odu©myk'fwdkYudk a&SmifMuOfygrnf[k wm0ef,lNyD;om;jzpfoGm;í aumif;aomudk,fusihfw&m;? obm0,kwådESihf vnf; jynfhpHkjcif;? ouFef;0wfí odrf0ifvkduf onfESifh raumif;aom um,uH? 0pDuHwdkYudk a&SmifMuOfaom oDv\wefcdk;aMumifh t&m&m rSm jynfhpHkjcif;? ylyifrIuif;jcif; tusdK;wdkYudk &onfjzpfí aumif;aomom"u,kwEdå iS v fh nf; jynfhpHkíoGm;awmh\/ þodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif udk,fawmf jrwfBu;D \ omoemawmfjrwfBu;D udk ,kww då jYkd zihf quf í Munh f v k d u f a omtcg aumif ; aom tpOftvmESijfh ynhpf jkH cif;? omoemh 0efxrf;rsm; onf aumif;aomtusio fh v D &Sí d aumif;aom udk,fusihfobm0ESifh jynhfpHkjcif;? omoemh 0ef x rf ; rsm;onf aumif ; aomoD v ES i h f jynfhpHkonfjzpfí pm;0wfaea&;ESifhwuG t&m &mjynhpf í kH csr;f omaom om"uESifh jynhpf jkH cif;/ þod k Y aumif ; aom,k w å d w d k Y E S i h f j ynh f p H k a om omoemawmfjrwfBu;D [k ay:vGix f if&mS ;í vm avawmh\/

auork w å d o k w f tcgwpf y g;ü jrwf p G m bk & m;onf aumovwkid ;f ? auorkwedå *d ;kH &GmBu;D odYk <uoGm; awmfrl\/ xdktcg umvmrykPÖm;wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY vma&mufMuum 0wfaus wef;aus uefawmhí xdik af eMuuke\ f / xdt k cg jrwfpGmbk&m;u tdkumvmrwdkY- oifwdkYonf 0g'a&;&mESifhywfoufí tb,fodkY,lMuukef oenf;[k ar;awmfrl\/ xkdtcg t&Sifbk&m; þ&GmBuD;odkY wdw¬dq&mBuD; (6) a,mufwdkYonf vmMuygukef\/ xdkq&mBuD;wdkYonf b,folY t,lrS rrSef ight,lomrSef\? b,folYw&m;rS raumif; ihgw&m;om aumif;\[k toD;ç toD; a[mMuyguke\ f / xdaYk Mumifh wynhaf wmf wdo Yk nf b,ft,l0g'urSeo f nf? b,ft,l0g' u rSm;onf[k ra0cGJEdkifyJ awGa0Muygukef\/


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

"r®0D&\ Ak'¨ç "r®ç oHCa&;&m ar;cGef;ESihftajzvTm ]"r®0&D \ Ak'¨ "r® oHCa&;&m ar;cGe;f ESit fh ajzvTmu@} tm; Ak'?¨ "r®? oHC\ tESpf om&tESpfcsKyfudkodvdkíar;vdkolrsm;twGuf þ*sme,fwGif u@wpf&yftjzpf zGihfvSpfay; tyfygonf/ ar;vdkolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY odvdkaom tcsufrsm;udk vdk&if;wdk&Sif;ESihf ar;Edkifygonf/ xd k t ar;rsm;ud k "r® 0 D & t,f ' D w mtzG J U rS rSefuefítusKd;&Sdaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk Ak'¨\ tqkdtrdefYtwdkif;om ajzqdkoGm;ygrnf/ "r® 0 D & ar; edAÁmefonf jyKjyifwwf? pD&ifwwf aomtaMumif;w&m;wdkYrS vHk;0uif;pifaom (tocF w y&rw¬ o pö m )[k q d k x m;ygonf / wpfzefr*¾opömonf taMumif;w&m; eda&m" opöm(edAmÁ ef)onf tusK;d w&m;[k xyfrq H x kd m; jyefojzihf þqdkvdkcsuf uGJjym;rIudk &Sif;vif;pGm odvdkygonfcifAsm;/ pmrsuf E S m 29 rS xdkYaMumifh wynhfawmfwdkYonf rnfonhf t,l 0g'udkrQr,lEdkifjcif; jzpfMuygukef\bk&m;- [k avQmufxm;avonf/ xkdtcg jrwfAk'¨utcsi;f umvmrwdYk oifwYkd awGa0rnf qdkvnf; awGa0xdkufyg\/ rSefNyD[k wxpfcs r,ltyfaom t&m (10) csufudk igbk&m;onf a[mMum;aytHh? em,lMuukef[k rdefYawmfrlNyD; vQif atmufyg (10) csuw f u Ykd kd a[mawmfr\ l / bmomt,l 0 g'ppf w rf ; vuF m & t,l0g'rwlMuí avmutwGif; jiif;ckejf cif;jzihf qif;&J'u k a© &mufuek Mf u\/ 0g' t,lrSm;cJhrlum; qlqlAk'¨ u,fr&onhf av;0 yg,fbHk ab;awGUBuHKvdrfh aphpHkÓPfjzihf ajrmf axmufcsihfu... (1) wpfqihfMum;od rmtEkóa0e/ (2) rd½dk;zvm rmy&rÜ&,/ (3) aumv[mv rm£wdu&d m,/ (4) usrf;pmrQESifh rmyd#uorÜ'gaee/ (5) BuHq ygwuúa[wk/ (6) enf;rSD rme,a[wk/ (7) qDavsmfoHk;oyf rmtmum&y&d0 wauúe/

OD;wifat;(Nird ;f ) rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; X-&yfuGuf r^Ouúvmy ajz edAÁmefonf razmufjyefaompdwf? apwoduf? ½kyf? edAÁmef[laom y&rw¬w&m; (4)yg;üyg0ifaom w&m;jzpfNyD; edAÁmef[laom vdkcsifrI (wPSm)uif;aom tNidrf;at;"mwf (oEÅdokc)udk jyKjyif,lívnf;r&? zsufqD;í vnf;r&Ekdifyg/ "r®pMumw&m;OD;ü Ak'¨u opömav; yg;udk a[mMum;&mü ork',opöm(avmb wPSm)onf taMumif;w&m;? 'kuo © pöm[laom arG;zGm; tdk? em? ao cspfolESihfuGJ? rcspfolESihfwGJ? &wmrvdk vdkwmr&rIwdkYonf taMumif;w&m;? oH o &mud k vS n f y wf a paomaMumif ; ? usKd ; opömw&m;ESpfyg;ESifh r*¾opöm[laom t,lrSef tawG;rSe?f pum;rSe?f tvkyrf eS ?f toufarG;rSe?f vHkYvrSef? owdrSef? wnfMunfrIrSef[laom (8) ,lcsi;f xyfí rm'd|ed Zd Ñmeu©E, dÅ m/ (9) ,HktyfolyJ rmbAÁ*kywm, (10) q&mpGjJ zihf rmoraPmaem*½k/ vTJyHkpdwfcs r,lMuvihf 'd|dusihfBuH ud, k yf ikd Ó f Pfjzihf rSm;rSeaf umif;qd;k odatmifBuKd ; [k rsKd ;umvmr a[mñTejf y 0g't,lppfwrf;ay/ (q&mawmf t&S i f Z eumbd 0 H o )

udk,fwdkifodvQif pGefYy,fMu umvrrif;wd-Yk oifwo Ykd nf tMuif tcgü þw&m;wdo Yk nf ukov kd w f &m;rsm;jzpf\/ tjypfuif;aom w&m;rsm;jzpf\/ ynm&SdwdkY cs;D rGr;f tyfaom w&m;rsm;jzpf\/ þw&m;wku Yd kd jyKvkyfcJhaomf tusdK;pD;yGm;wdk;jcif;? csrf;omjcif; iSm jzpfuek \ f [k odonfEiS fh xdw k &m;wdu Yk kd tNrJ rjywf jyKvkyfMuygukef&m\[k a[mrdefYawmfrl cJo h nf/ þodYk ud, k yf ikd Ó f Pfjzihf oH;k oyfq;kH jzwf Edkifatmif tvdr®mpmrSm&Sdonfqdkonhftwdkif; pmwdk? pm&Snfrsm;udkzwfí A[kokw pkMuukef avmh? rdrdukd,fudk apmifha&SmufMuukefavmh/ usrf;udk;/ / omrnzvokwf auorkwådokwf q&mawmf OD ; eE´

usihfpOfw&m;(8)yg;onf taMumif;w&m;/ xdkodkY rSefaomtusihfaMumihf qif;&Jcyfodrf; at;Nird ;f oGm;rI[al om eda&m"opömonf tusK;d w&m; oHo&mrS xGufajrmufapwwfaom aMumif;usKd;opömESpfyg; wpfwGJ[lí a[mMum; cJhygonf/ w&m;"r®udkpwifavhvm usihfBuH olwdkYtwGuf em;vnfvG,fatmif a,bk,s &Sif;jycsufomjzpfygonf/ Oyrm rlvwef;ü oifMum;cJhaom odyÜH? yx0D? jrefrmpm? ocsFmpaom bmom&yf wd k Y \ tajccH t aMumif ; csuf E S i h f bD . at (M.A) wef;wGif oifMum;cJh&aom xdkbmom &yf w d k Y \ tao;pd w f t csuf t vuf w d k Y o nf rsm;pGm uGmjcm;oGm;ouJhokdY oabm&Sdygonf/ Ak'¨\ tbd"r®m r*¾0Dxd (r*fpdwf tpOf)jzpfpOfü t&Sdw&m; edAÁmefudk wdrfwdkuf rnf;BuD;rsm;\ aemufü&Sdaom vrif;BuD;[lí vnf;aumif;? arSmf? trdIufo½dkufatmufrSm&Sd aom a&MunfuJhodkYvnf;aumif; wifpm;ajz &Sif;ay;cJhygonf/ wdrfrJrsm;zHk;aeaom vrif;udk r*f usih f p Of p d w f t pOf j zpf a om y&d u H [ l a om avMurf;? Oypm[laom 'kwd,av? tEkvHk [laom wwd,avEkwdkY wdkufcwfvdkufaom tcg wdrfpifuif;NyD; vrf;udkjrif&ouJhokdY r*¾if (8)yg;jzihf y&duH Oypm tEkvHk[laom tqihf (3)qihfjzifh usihfvkdufygu a*gMwbl[laom umrtEG,f udavomjywf&m pcef;odkYa&muf NyD; r*f(edAÁmef)[laom Nidrf;at;"mwfodkY a&muf ygrnf/ ausmufw;kH twGi;f ü &Sad om jynfwef ywåjrm;udk tvdk&Sdaomolonf ausmufwHk;udk tm;rmefESihf xkcGJacszsufí &SmazGrS&EkdifouJh odkY jynfwefywåjrm;ESihfwlaom edAÁmefudk r*¾if &S p f y g;ES i h f wl ; qG r I r jyKbJ r&Ek d i f y g/ wl ; qG &SmazGjcif;[laom r*¾opömonf taMumif; w&m;? &&Sdaom jynfwefywåjrm; edAÁmef (eda&m "opöm)onf tusKd;w&m;jzpfonf/ "r®tjzpf "r®tod &ifhusufolrsm;onf edAÁmef[lonf jyKjyifpD&ifrI taMumif;w&m;wdkYrS uif;vGwfae jcif; tjzpfudkod&SdNyD; jzpfMuygonf/ aocsm *epGmodvykd gu Ak't ¨ bd"r®mudak vhvmoifMum; oihfygonf/ "r®0D&t,f'DwmtzGJU


DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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bk&ifBuD;uvnf; uRefawmfhvdkyJaemf cifolZmjrihf 1956-1957 ck E S p f a vmuf q D u jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm;onf emrnfausmf ½kyf&Sif rif;orD;ar&Djrihf? wifwifrl? MunfMunfaX;wdkY 0wfpm;qif,ifrIudk tm;usMuum twkvdkuf í vufjywf&Sefom;tusÐyg;udk 0wfqifavh &Sdonf/ twGif;cHabmvDtusÐESihf tay:ydkif; tom;qdkifudkjrifae&í a&S;qefaom vlBuD; ol r rsm;ES i h f &[ef ; oH C mrsm;u t&S u f ? taMumuf? ([D&d-MowåyÜ)uif;aom 0wfpm; qif,ifrI[k tjypfwifMuonf/ uJh&JUMuonf/ bk&m;ausmif;uefodkY OykofapmihfvmvQif xdkodkY 0wfpm;qif,ifrvmap&ef &[ef;oHCmrsm;u rdrdwdkY ywf0ef;usif&Sd 'um? 'umrrsm;\ orD; rsm;ud k jref r m,Of a us;rI E S i h f rnD [ k q k d u m wm;jrpfMuonf? qHk;rMuonf/ (,ckacwf trsK;d orD;i,frsm; puwf wdk? aygifay:xd 0wfouJhodkYrsKd;jzpfygonf/ a&S;acwfurl &GmOD;ausmif;bke;f Bu;D rsm;? NrKd Uay: &Sd &[ef;oHCmrsm;u MoZmtmPm t&Sdeft0g aumif;Muí xdkuJhodkY [D&dMowåyÜ (t&Suf? taMumufuif;aom 0wfqifrIwdkYudk e,frsm; wGif xdef;odrf;EkdifMuygonf/) wpfaeYwGif Z[m;&GmrS jzL;NrdKUwGif ausmif;oGm;aeaom rpdefcifonf q&mawmf xHodkY NrdKUrStjyef ausmif;ydwf&ufjyefvm&if; rkefYponhf vSLzG,f0w¬KvmvSL&mwGif NrdKUpwdkif twd k i f ; vuf j ywf & S e f o m; tusÐ u k d 0 wf í rdcifESihftwl a&mufvmojzihf q&mawmfu rdcifEiS o fh rD;udk jrefrmtrsK;d orD;wdo Yk nf t&Su?f taMumufukd xde;f odr;f &onf/ rde;f rwd\ Yk £a`E´ a&T a y;vd k Y r &? ajcwpf v S r f ; uk a # wpfoef;wefponfjzihf a&S;u rdef;uav;rsm; txl; £a`E´xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smuf&yHkwdkYudk qHk;roGef oifNyD; ][Jh r,fwifvS eiforD; ynmwwf atmif Nrd K Uausmif ; rS m xm;wm rsuf p d e m; tjrifus,fum todynm<u,f0NyD; wdk;wuf wmawmhaumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh Ak'¨bmom jrefrmtrsKd;orD; ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rIESihf rnDwJh

0wfpm;qif,ifrI? t&SuftaMumuf £a`E´ r&Sd wJh 0wfpm;qif,ifrIawGvkyfae&if jrefrm trsKd;orD;rdcifyDyD xdef;odrf;cdkif;[Jh? eifhorD; ywf0ef;usifu 0wfpm;qif,ifrIukd twkvdkuf avQmufvkyfae&if]tarwdkYbk&ifBuD;u taemfYvdkyJaemf qdw k hJ yHjk yifvjkd zpfNy;D t&Suu f aJG e&ygOD;r,faemf} [krdefYMum;onf/ ]t&S i f b k & m; tJ ' D y H k j yif u av; tus,fa[mjyygOD;bk&m;} [k rdcifa':wifvSu avQmufxm; onf/ ]at; a&S;wkef;u tajr§mufBudKufwJh bk&ifBu;D wpfyg;&So d wJ?h tJ'rD mS tvdrt f nmESifh tajymaumif;wJh &ufuef;onf wpfa,muf u bk&ifBuD;twGuf udk,f0wfudk tqifqef; tjrifqef; a&Tcsnfykqdk;0wfzdkY qufor,fvkdY avQmufxm;owJh/ bk&ifBuD;uvJ xl;qef;wJh t0wf ykqdk;0wf&r,fqdkawmh tvGefoabmusNyD; vuf cHowJh/ ykqdk;qufo 0wfqifr,fhaeY usawmh rl;rwfy&dowfa&SUrSm 0wfqifr,f jyKowJ?h tBut H zef&ufuef;onfu þ0wfpu kH kd 0wf q if a omtcg uk o d k v f & S d w J h o l ? oDvaumif;wJhol? tusihfaumif;ol? bkef;uH &S d o l a wG o m 'D a &T c snf y k q d k ; ud k j rif & rS m ygvd k Y ajymowJh/ rif; rl;rwf y&dowftm;vH;k [m olwYkd udk olwdkY ukodkvfr&Sd? bkef;uHr&SdolawGjzpfrSm pdk;Muawmh bk&if0wf½HkvJ 0wfawmh udk,fwHk; vH k ; BuD ; jzpf a ewJ h bk & if B uD ; ud k tm;vH k ; u

0dkif;0ef;ajr§mufyihfNyD; tvGefvSywJh a&Tcsnf ykqdk;udk 0wfqifxm;wm tvGefwifhw,f cefY jim;ygw,fqNkd y;D 0dik ;f 0ef;nmajymMuowJ?h bk&if BuD;u rdrdudk,fudk udk,fwHk;vHk;BuD;jzpfaewm odayr,fh tm;vHk;u a&Tcsnfykqdk;ESihf vSw,f acsmw,f wihfw,fcefYjim;w,fvkdY 0dkif;ajym awmh vk d u f a vsmnD a xG a eNyD ; eef ; &if j yif jynfolrsm;ta&SU xGufawmfrlowJh/ tJ ' D t csd e f r S m jynf o l t rsm;xJ u t0wfr0wf udk,fwHk;vHk;&SdaewJh uav;i,f wpfa,mufu olYtazudk vufqGJNyD; ]azaz bk&ifBuD;uvJ uRefawmfhvdkyJ ykqdk;r0wf udk,f wHk;vHk;BuD;ygvm;} vdkY atmfajymowJh/ uav; qdkawmh rl,m rm,m y&d,m,fr&Sdavawmh ,ckvdk trSefajymvdkufawmh bk&ifBuD;crsmvJ &Suf&GHUoGm;NyD; csufcsif;eef;awmfjyef0ifajy;& owJh? ,ckvJbJ rdpdefcif eif&Sefom;vufjywf tusÐu bk&ifBuD; a&Tcsnfykqdk;vdk wpfudk,f vHk; udk,fwHk;vHk;BuD;jzpfaeoaygY [k rdefYMum;&m rdcifESihforD;wdkYrSm &SufNyHK;NyHK;NyD; &,farmMu avonf/ cif o l Z mjri mjrih f


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo(oxk H )

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ w&m;a'oemawmfawGudkvnf; emMum;rSwf om;cGirhf &? wynho f m; oHCmawmfrsm;udv k nf; jrifzl;awGUzl;jcif;vnf; r&SdMuygbl;/ 'Dvdktcsdef rsd K ;rS m rarQmf v ih f b J wpf p k w pf a 0;wnf ; a&muf&SdvmawmfrlwJh toGifwpfrsdK;eJY &[ef; awmfrsm;udk awGUjrifMu&wJhtcg csOf;uyfpHkprf; Muwmayhg/ ,ck <uvmawmfrlMuwJh &[ef;awmf ig;&m[m jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f & J U wynh f o m; oHCm awmfrsm;jzpfaMumif; odMu&vdkY tm;& 0rf;omeJY 'D&GmBuD;rSmyJtrSDjyKNyD; oDwif;oHk; aexdkifMuzdkY 0dkif;0ef;avQmufxm;awmif;yef Muygw,f/ &Gmom;taygif;[m jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif &JUudk,fpm; w&m;em,lMum;emcGihf? tvSL'gejyK vkyfcGihf? o&P*HkoDvaqmufwnfcGihfpwJh aumif;rIjyKvkyfvdkMuwJhtwGuf avQmufxm; awmif;yefMuwmyJjzpfygw,f/ 'DvkdavQmufxm;awmif;yefMuawmh &[ef;awmfrsm;uvnf;yJ rdrw d &Ykd [ef;ig;&mvH;k twGuf qGrf;abmZOfrQwrI? aexdkifoDwif;oHk; p&m ae&mxdkifcif;tqifajyrI&Sdyghrvm;pwJh taMumif;w&m;awGudk qifjcifoHk;oyfMu&yg w,f/ r[m0go&GmBuD;[m Zeyk'fqdkaomf vnf; tdrfajcrsm;pGmwnf&SdwJh &GmBuD;jzpfwm aMumihfwpfaMumif; &Gmol&Gmom;taygif;u vnf; o'¨gw&m;? wlnD&Tifvef;pGmeJY vdkvkdvm; vm; yihfavQmufxm;MuwmjzpfvdkYwpfaMumif; aMumifh abmZeoyÜg,twGuv f nf; ylyifp&m r&SdEdkifvdkY odjrifMuygw,f/ wpfcg oDwif;oH;k zdYk ae&mXmeqdw k m uvnf; &[ef;pjzpfNyDqdkuwnf;u OyZÑm,f q&mjzpf o l r S &[ef ; qd k w m 'um? 'umr vSL'gef;wJh ausmif;tdyf&mae&mr&Sd&if opf wpfyif&if;udk trSDjyKNyD; ausmif;tdyf&mae&m tjzpf oDwif;oHk; aexdkif&r,fvdkY qHk;rxm;NyD; om; jzpfygw,f/ tqifajycsifawmh r[m0go&GmBuD; \ teD;tem;rSm n§Kd UrdiI ;f Bu;D rm;wJh awmtkyBf u;D wpfck&Sdaewmudk &[ef;awmfrsm; awGUjrifcJhNyD; jzpfvdkY oDwif;oHk;&efae&m tqifrajyEdkifp&m r&Sad Mumif;vnf; odjrifawmfrMl uNy;D jzpfygw,f/ 'Dt&yfa'o[m trSefawmh &[ef; awmfig;&mtwGuf w&m;xl;&rJhae&m? &[EÅm t&Sifjrwfrsm;jzpfMu&rJh t&yfjzpfvdkY &[ef; awmfrsm;twGuf oyÜg,rQwwJh ywd½lya'o tppftrSefygyJ/

'ghaMumihf &[ef;awmfrsm;[m &Gmom; rsm; awmif;yefyihfavQmufjcif;udk qdwfqdwfae awmfrljcif;jzihf vufcHaMumif;jyovkdufMuyg awmhw,f/ reuf j zef od k Y r [k w f b,f a omtcg &[ef;awmfig;&m[m aevnf;tawmf apmif;NyjD zpfvYkd oDwif;oH;k aexdik rf ,fvYkd &nf&, G f NyD;jzpfwJh awmtkyfBuD;odkY<uvSrf;Muygw,f/ awmtkyfBuD;twGif; a&mufMuwJh tcg tcuftvufejYJ ynhpf w kH o hJ pfyifBu;D wpfyifç wpf y if p D & J U t&if ; rS m &[ef ; awmf w pf y g;usç wpfyg;uspD ausmif;trSwfeJYyJ oDwif;oHk;&ef ae&m,ljyifqifMuwmayhg/ twlvkdufygvmMu wJh &Gmom;awGuvnf; rdrdwdkYyifhzdwfcsuft& oDwif;oH;k aexdik Mf urJh &[ef;awmfrsm; toD;oD; twGuf awmausmif;uav;awG tvHk;ig;&m pDrHaqmif&GufMuvdkYayhg/ 0rf;ajrmufrIyDwdrsm;eJY twlaeYcsif;NyD; aqmif&Gufay;Muygw,f/ xdkawmtkyfBuD;&JU opfyifBuD;wdkif;rSm vnf; opfyifut kd rSjD yKNy;D ay:aygufaewJh Adrmef toD;oD;rSm ewfawGuvnf; aexdik Mf uygw,f/ olwdkYaexdkifMuwJhtyifatmufrSm oDveJYjynhfpHk MuwJh oDv0EÅ&[ef;awmfrsm; cdk0ifoDwif;oHk; MuNyDjzpfvdkY tjrihfrSmrae0HhMuawmhygbl;/ ewfvq kYd akd yr,hf pmwkr[m&mZftEG,f t0if bkef;uHedrfhyg;wJh ewfrsdK;awGygyJ/ opfyif udk trSDjyKNyD; tpdk;w&aexdkifMuolawGjzpfvdkY ½ku©a'0 (½ku©pdk;ewf) vdkYvnf; qdkMuygw,f/ olwdkYrSmvnf; vlom;awGvdk vif,lç om;arG; qdkovdk&SdMuawmh om;ç orD;awGvufpGJudkifNyD; ajrjyift&yfrSm oGm;vmaeMu&wmayhg/ ewfawG&UJ txifrmS ]]'D&[ef;awmfrsm; [m 'DwpfnOfhom 'DawmxJrSm aeMurSmyg? eHeufvif;wJhtcg rdk;aomufcsdefrSmawmh tvdk&Sd &m t&yfomG ;MurSmygvd}Yk } 'Dvt kd awG;eJY xifrw S f aeMuwmayhg/ 'DwpfnOfhavmufawmh wdkYtwGuf tyef;rBu;D vSygbl;qdw k hJ pdwu f ;l tawG;eJY ajrjyif rSmyJ vSnhfvnfaeMuygw,f/ aemufwpfaeYreuf t½kPfusif;vdkY tvif;a&mufw,fqdk&ifyJ &[ef;awmfig;&mwdkY [m oydwfudk,fpDpGJudkifNyD; &GmBuD;qDodkY qGrf; tvdkYiSm 0ifcJhMuygw,f/ qGrf;cHudpöNyD;wJhtcg awmtkyfqDudkyJ jyefvnf<uvmMuygw,f/ qGrf;udpöNyD;pD;wJhtcgrSmvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif xHrS emMum;rSwf,lvmcJhwJhtwdkif; udk,fpDudk,f pD ur®|mef;bm0em½Irw S Ef v S ;kH oGi;f Ny;D oDwif;oH;k awmfrlMuygw,f/

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'DtcgrSmvnf; ewfawG[m &[ef; awmfrsm;udk tNrJoDwif;oHk; 0gqdk0guyfMuvdrhf r,fvdkY rxifMuao;ygbl;/ 'Dwpf&ufjyefr<u ao;ayrJh reufjzefreufawmh jyef<uMurSmayhg/ c&D;oGm;&[ef;awmfawG c&D;wpfaxmuf &yfem; aeMuwmyJjzpfrSmayhgvdkY rSwf,laeMuqJygyJ/ aemufwpfaeYawmh jyefrSmyg/ aemuf wpf&ufavmufq&kd ifawmh jyef<uMuvdrrfh mS ygeJY wpf&ufNyD;wpf&ufapmifhpm;NyD; ajrjyifrSmyJ aevmcJhMu&wm v0ufwkdifwdkifMumjrihfvmcJhNyD jzpfygw,f/ ol w d k Y [ m &[ef ; awmf r sm;tay: MunfndKav;pm;Muygaomfvnf; a&&SnfrSm rdrd wdkY cHpm;ae&wJh qif;&J'ku©udkawmh qufvuf onf;cHEdkifpGrf; r&SdMuawmhygbl;/ 'Dvdkomqdk&if wdrYk sm;&JU bHAk rd mefawGrmS jyefaexkid &f rJh tcGit hf a&;awGawmh qHk;½IH;&NyD/ ajrjyifrSmyJ ckvdkqif; qif;&J&J aexkdifMu&awmhr,fqdkwJhtodawG wjznf;jznf;eJY odjrifvmMuygawmhw,f/ usrf ; ñT e f ; - arwå o k w f t zG i f h (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) pmrsuf E S m 27 rS ,aeY y pö K yÜ e f u mvü Ak ' ¨ b mom ,kMH unfu;dk uG,af omEkid if rH sm;wGif Ak'a¨ [mMum; awmf r l a om w&m;awmf r sm;onf & S d \ / Ak ' ¨ a[mazmfñTefjy qkdqkH;rxm;aomw&m;rsm;rSm ig;yg;oDvqkdonhf tedrfhqkH;vlYusihf0wfrSonf edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; t&d,opömtusihfw&m; rsm;txd&o dS nf/ tcsKyt f m;jzihq f v dk Qif yd#uwf okH;ykHonf Ak'¨\tqkH;trrsm;? Ak'¨a[mMum; aom w&m;awmfrsm;jzpfonf/ &[EÅmbdu©L rsm;? &[EÅmrbdu©LeDrsm; a[maomw&m;rsm; vnf; yd#uwfokH;ykHwGif yg0ifao;onf[k qkd&ef&Sd\/ xkdbdu©KeDrsm;onfvnf; olwdkYtm; Ak'¨a[maomw&m;udkyif olwdkYem;vnfovkd wpf q if h jyef v nf a [mMum;jcif ; jzpf o nf / rnfoq Ykd adk p Ak'\ ¨ tqk;H trrsm;? w&m;awmfrsm; ,ckwdkif &SdaeonfrSm aocsm\/ xkdYaMumifh Ak'¨\pum; awmft&yif Ak'¨onf ,ckwkdif&Sdae onfrnf\/ xkdYjyif Ak'¨\tqkH;trrsm;? w&m; awmf r sm;uk d ted r f h q k H ; rS o nf xd y f q k H ; txd rdrdwkdYEkdifoavmuf vkdufemusihfBuHtm;xkwf tvkyfvkyfolonf Ak'¨ESifhawGUolrnf\[laom Ak'¨pum;awmf&Sdxm;\/ okdYjzpfí oifonf Ak'¨ ESihfawGUcsifygovm;/ awGUcsifvQif Ak'¨pum; uk d em;axmif a vmh / Ak ' ¨ \ tqk H ; truk d Ek d i f & mrS p í vk d u f e musih f o k H ; ygavmh / xG e f ; wih f a tmif


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

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vu©Pm wifw h ,fvyS aom rif;om;ukjd rifvQif wyfrufaom&m*pdwfwdkY jzpfay:av\/ r[m y'krrif;om;onf rdz&k m;Bu;D ukd &Scd ;dk í rnfuo hJ Ydk jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufp&mrsm; &Sdygoenf;[k ar; aomtcg rdzk&m;BuD;onf rif;om;\vufukd udkifNyD; tdyf&mxufodkY wufap\/ rif;om;u tb,ftaMumif;udpö &SdygovJ[k ar;aomtcg jynhf&Sifrif;onf eef;&ifjyifodkY ra&muf&Sdvmao;? xkdMum;umv twGif; igwdkYESpfa,muf udavomtm½kH umr *kPfwdkYjzihf aysmfarGUMuygpdkY[k ajymqkd\/ xkdtcg rif;om;u r,fawmf oif onf uREkfyf\r,fawmfvnf;jzpf\? cifyGef; a,musfm;&Sdaom rdef;rvnf;jzpf\/ uREkfyf om;awmfonf cifyeG ;f a,musmf ;&Sad omrde;f rukd wyfrufaompdwfjzihfyif rMunhfzl;yg? þuJhokdY ,kwrf maomtrIrsK;d ukd rjyKvyk Ef idk yf g[k ajymav\/ rdzk&m;onf tBudrfBudrf jzm;a,mif; aoG;aqmifír&aomtcg ighpum;ukrd vku d ef m vQif oif\OD;acgif;ukd jzwfawmufaprnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufajymqkdav&m rif;om;u oiftvkd &Sdwdkif; ajymqkdap[k qkdum xGufoGm;av\/ rdzk&m;onf BuHpnfpOf;pm;NyD; tpm tm[m&wdkYukd pm;aomufum npfEGrf;aom t0wfwkdYukd 0wfqifí ukd,fukd vufonf;ESihf ukwfjcpfNyD; rif;BuD;jyefa&mufí rdzk&m;BuD; b,frSmenf;[k ar;cJhaomf rusef;rm zsm;emae onf[k avQmufwif&ef tvkyftauR; rdef;r wdkYtm; rSmxm;vsuf usufoa&wkdufcef;ü oGm;íaeav\/ rif;BuD; NrKdUawmfodkY0ifa&mufvmNyD; eef;awmfa&mufaomtcg rdzk&m;BuD;ukd rjrif awGUí ar;awmfrl&m usufoa&wkdufcef;ü &SdaMumif;odawmfrlí <u0ifvm\/ cspfESr bma&m*grsm; pGJuyfaeygovJ[k okH;Budrfwdkif atmifar;aomfvnf; rMum;[efjyKí qdwq f w d f omae\/ cspfESr pum;rajymbJ qdwfqdwfae jcif;onf bmtaMumif;ygvJ[k xyfar;awmf rl&m jrwfaomrif;Bu;D cifyeG ;f vifr&Sad om rde;f r onfyif uRefawmfrsKd;ruJhokdY jzpf&rnfrxifyg [k avQmufwifav\/ b,folonf oihftm; n§if;qJoenf; ightm; tjrefajymyg? xkdol\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwfydkif;ypfrnf[k ajymav\/

xk d t cg rd z k & m;onf r[my'k r rif;om;onf uRefawmfrsKd;r\ae&modkYvm a&mufírawmfrw&m; jyKusihf&ef BuKd;pm; vm\/ igonf oif\r,fawmfjzpfonf[k ajymqk d w m;jrpf a omf v nf ; igrS w pf y g; tjcm;rif;rnf onf r&S[ d ak jymqkNd y;D ol\tvkd odkYrvkdufaomtcg qHyifukdqGJía0h&rf;um vJ u sonh f w k d i f ½k d u f E S u f y k w f c wf y gonf [ k avQmufwifav\/ rif;BuD;onf rpl;prf; rqifjcifbJ r,m;ukdxd "m;ukdMunhfqkdouJhodkY jyif;xefpGm trsufxGufí rif;csif;wdkYtm; y'krrif;om;ukd zrf;qD;wkyaf ESmifac:vmap\/ rif;csi;f wdo Yk nf tdraf &SUrif;om;ukd vufjyefBuK;d csnNf y;D ½ku d Ef u S f um ac:aqmifvmcJh\/ rif;om;u þtrI onf rdzk&m;,kwf\tBuHomjzpfaMumif;odí igonf crnf;awmfrif;Bu;D ukd tjypfrjyK? ighwiG f wpfpkHwpf&m tjypfr&Sd[k ajymqkdvsuf vkdufyg vm\/ NrKdUvlxkonf pka0;a&muf&SdvmMuNyD; rif;om;\ajc&if;ü 0yfqif;í þtrIonf t&Sifrif;om;tm; rjzpfoihfrjzpfxkdufyg[k ajymqkdMuvsuf onf;pGm ikda<u;Muukef\/ crnf;awmfrif;BuD; a&SUawmfa&mufaomtcg rif;BuD;onf trsufa'go vGefpGmxGufvsuf ighukdwkyí rif;\toGifukdvnf;jyK\? igh\ om;awmfjzpfygvsuf ig\rdzk&m;BuD;ukdvnf; jypfrSm;\? xkdYaMumihf ckd;olwdkY ypfcsowf&m acsmufurf;yg;rS ypfcsowfap[k qkH;jzwfawmf rlav\/ r[my'krrif;om;onf tuREkfyfü þtjypfrsK;d r&Syd g? rde;f rpum;ukd em;axmifawmf rrlygESihf[k avQmufwifygaomfvnf; rif;BuD; onf vufcHjcif;r&SdcJhyg/ xk d t cg eef ; wG i f ; ol e ef ; wG i f ; om; taygif;wko Yd nf t&Sirf if;om; oiht f m; rawmf rw&m;aomtrIwdkY jzpfay:cHpm;&avNyD[k ajymqkd[pfatmfum ikda<u;Muukef\/ tvkH;pkH


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ aom rSL;rwfaoemywdwdkY pk½kH;í t&Sifrif;BuD; om;awmftdrfa&SUrif;om;onf tusihfoDvESihf jynhpf í Hk *kPaf us;Zl;txl;vnf;&S\ d / wkid ;f jynf \ xD;eef;tarGukdcH,lí trsKd;tEG,fukd apmihf a&SmufEkdifolvnf;jzpf\/ rdzk&m;\pum;ukd Mum;umrQESihf rpdppfbJ owfjzwfjcif;iSmroihf awmf? jynfBuD;aoXfeif;bk&ifrif;wdkYrnfonf um; pkHprf;qifjcifíom jyKavh&SdMuygayonf [k atmufygtwkdif; avQmufMum;ajymqkdMu ukef\/ 1/ jrwfaomrif;Bu;D olwpfyg;\tjypfudk uk, d f wkdif'd|rawGUr&bJ tvkH;pkHaom tjypfBuD;i,f wdkYukd ukd,fwdkifrpkHprf;? rppfaq;bJ rif;jypf rif;'Pfray;tyf/ 2/ jynh&f iS rf if;onf rpkpH rf;? rpOf;pm;bJ rif;jypf rif;'Pfudk jyKvyk t f ?hH xkrd if;onf trd0rf;wGi;f u rsufpduG,fcJhaomoluJhokdY ,ifaumifyg0ifae aom? ql;rsm;a&maESmaeaomxrif;vkwfukd rsKdcsouJhokdYjzpf\/ 3/ jynhf&Sifrif;onf 'Pfray;xkdufaomolukd 'Pfay;\/ 'Pfay;xkdufaomolukd 'Pfray;? rdrdpdwfxifovdkjyK\/ oluef;onf usif;?csKdifh? cvkwf? opfikwfwdkYjzihf rnDnmaomvrf;ukd rodouJhodkY xkdrif;onf w&m;rQwrSefuefrIukd rodacs/ 4/ þodkY t&mXmetavsmuf tjypfBuD;tjypf i,fwdkYukd pkHprf;qifjcif aumif;pGmodjrifí wdkif;jynfukd qkH;r&m\/ xkdolonfom rif;jyK xkduf\/ 5/ El ; nH h r I w pf r sKd ; wnf ; jzih f v nf ; aumif ; ? xufjrufrt I Murf;wpfrsK;d wnf;jzihv f nf;aumif;? rdrdukd,fukd jrifhjrwfaom bk&ifrif;jrwftjzpfü &yfwnfapjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdif? xkdYaMumifh tEk tMurf; ESpfyg;pkHukd usihfokH;&m\/ 6/ El;nHhaombk&ifukd jynfolwdkYuvTrf;rkd;í rxDrJhjrifjyKwwf\/ xufjrufvGef;aombk&if onf twkduftcH &efolrsm;jym;\/ þEl;nHhrI xufjrufrIESpfrsKd;ukd od&Sdem;vnfí tv,f tvwftm;jzihf usifhokH;&m\/ 7/ wPSm &m* avmbtm;BuD;olonf pum; rsm;pGm ajymwwf\/ a'goBuD;olonfvnf; pum;rsm;pGmajymwwf\/ bk&ifrif;jrwf rdef;r [laom taMumif;aMumihf xD;vsmeef;ñTefY om;awmfukd rowfxkdufyg/ xkduJhodkY vlwef;pm;tpkHpkH enf;tzkHzkH jzihf avQmufxm;awmif;yefMuaomfvnf; rku d rf J vSpmG aom rif;Bu;D rSm em;r0if? oabmrayguf vufcHawmfrrlbJ wdkif;jynfESihfwuG tvkH;pkH aomvltaygif;wdkYonf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;

jzpfírif;om;\toif;tyif;rsm;jzpfMu\/ ig\rdef;r rdzk&m;rlum; tazmftoif;tyif; r&S d & S m bJ wpf a ,muf w nf ; jzpf a e&onf / xkdYaMumihf rif;om;ukd urf;yg;jywfü csowfap [k trdefYay;awmfrl\/ rif;Bu;D onf eef;wGi;f ol eef;wGi;f om; rsm;ESihf jynfolvlxktaygif;rS rif;om;tm; pD&ifjcif;ukd uefu Y u G w f m;jrpfEidk o f nf[k BuaH wG; um ukd,fawmfwkdif ta`cGt&Hrsm;ESihf vkdufyg oG m ;NyD ; vl t rsm;ik d a <u;yl a qG ; aepOf r S m yif ajcaxmufukd rkd;ay:axmifNyD; OD;acgif;ukd aZmufx;dk ukid af pí urf;yg;jywfrS csowfap\/ xkdtcg r[my'krrif;om;\ arwåm tpGrf;aMumihf awmifapmihfewfonf vuf ESpb f ufjzihf ayGU,lNy;D &ifciG üf yku d u f m awmifajc &if;ü&Sdaom e*g;rif;\yg;ysOf;xufü xm;av \/ e*g;rif;onf rif;om;ukd e*g;jynf odkYac: aqmifNy;D rdr\ d pnf;pdrw f pf0ufucdk aJG 0cs;D jri§ \ hf / r[my'krrif;om;onf e*g;jynfü wpfESpfwmaexkdifNyD; vlYjynfodkYoGm;í [dr0EÅm awmü &[ef;jyKvkdaMumif; ajymaomtcg e*g; rif;onf vljY ynfoyYdk aYdk qmifay;Ny;D y&du&© mwdu Yk dk ay;vSLav\/ rif;om;onf [dr0EÅmawmü &[ef;jyKNyD;vQif psmef? tbdnmOfwdkYukd &&Sdum opfjrpf? opfoD;wdkYukd pm;okH;í aeawmfrl\/ wpfcgaomf rkqkd;wpfa,mufonf xkdt&yfodkY a&muf&SdvmNyD; rif;om;ukdjrifvQif r[my'krrif;om; [kwyf govm;[k ar;avQmuf í [kwfrSefaMumif;od&Sdum ESpf&ufokH;&uf twl a eNyD ; Am&mPoD j ynf o d k Y j yef o G m ;í jA[®'wfrif;BuD;tm; om;awmftdrfa&SUrif;om; onf [d r 0EÅ m awmü &aoh & [ef ; jyKí &SdaeaMumif; avQmufxm;\/ rif;BuD;onf ppfonfAkdvfygtaygif; NcH&Hvsuf [dr0EÅmawmokdY oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif opf&Gufrkd;aomausmif;üaexkdifawmfrlaom om;&[ef;tm; &Sdckd;OD;csNyD; avQmufywfaom pum;rsm; ajymMum;av\/ rif;BuD;u- cspfom; vGefpGmeufvS aom acsmuf u rf ; yg;jywf r S ypf c sygvsuf tb,fhaMumihf raobJ&Sdoenf;/ crnf;awmf rif;BuD; xkdacsmufurf;yg;jywfü us,fjyefYaom yg;ysO;f ESifh Bu;D rm;aomtm;&So d nhf e*g;rif;onf tuREyfk t f m; uk, d u f t dk acGjyKí toihBf uKq d adk e aomaMumihf rao&jcif;ukd ajymjy\/ rif;Bu;D onf om;awmftm; eef;awmf okdYjyefvkdufí rif;jyK&efESihf vlolreD; awmBuD; tv,füaexkdifojzifh bmtusKd;rSr&SdEkdif[k ajymaomtcg crnf;awmfrif;Bu;D - ig;rQm;csw d f

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ukd rsKdrdolonf aoG;ESihfwuG axG;tefonf &Sdaomf csrf;omjcif;jzpfay&m\? xkdcsrf;omukd rdrdukd,fü aumif;pGmMunhf½Iíjrifay\/ xkt d cg rif;Bu;D u ig;rQm;csw d [ f o l nf? aoG;[lonf? axG;tefjcif;[lonf tb,fenf; [k ar;av\/ crnf;awmfrif;Bu;D avmuD tm½kH umr*kPfwdkYonf ig;rQm;csdwf? qifjrif;wkdYonf aoG;? qifjrif;ponfEiS fh avmuDtm½kH umr*kPf wkdYukd y,f&Sm;pGefYypfjcif;onf axG;tefjcif;[k qkad v&m rif;Bu;D onf om;awmf&[ef;\pum; ukd Mum;&vQif ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfí ajc&if;ü0yfNy;D igonf tvGerf u dk rf aJ wGa0aom aMumihf uke;f acsmaomrde;f r\pum;ukd vku d ef m í tusihfpm& oDv*kPfESihfjynfhpkHaom om; awmfukd jypfrSm;rdonf/ igzcif\ tjypfwdkYukd onf;cHawmfrlyg[k awmif;yef0efcsav\/ jrwfaom crnf;awmfrif;BuD; tjypf ukd onf;cHyg\/ ,ckrSpí rpkHprf;? rqifjcifbJ rjyKvkyfavESihf[k ajymaomtcg rif;BuD;u rif;pnf;pdrfukd,lí xD;jzLaqmif;um wdkif;jynf ukd odrf;ykdufvufcHonf&Sdaomf ightm; onf;cH jcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf[k ajymqkdawmif;yef jyef&m rif;Bu;D tuREyfk o f nf rif;tjzpfudk tvdk r&Syd g? crnf;awmfrif;BuD;om &mZ'Pfq,faxGukd rysufraoGapbJ av;axGaom t*wd w&m; wkdYukd y,f&Sm;NyD; w&m;ESihfnDpGm rif;jyKawmfrlyg [k tqkH;tray;awmfrl\/ rif;Bu;D onf pdwEf v S ;Hk rcsr;f ajrUpGmESifh wkdif;jynfodkYjyefvmaomf vrf;c&D;ü rSL;rwf aoemywdwdkYtm; þodkY tusihfoDv tmpm& aus;Zl;*kPEf iS jfh ynhpf aHk omom;awmfEiS fh auGuiG ;f &onfrSm b,ftwGufaMumihfvJ[k ar;awmf rlav&m rdzk&m;BuD;aMumihfomvQif þodkYaom auGuGif;&jcif;jzpf&ygonf[k avQmufwifMu av&m rif;BuD;onf aumufuspf,kwfrmvSpGm aom vdrfnmolrdzk&m;BuD;ukd OD;acgif;wGJvJ ajcaxmuf r k d ; arQmf u d k i f a pNyD ; ck d ; ol w d k Y t m; csowf&m urf;yg;jywfü csowfapNy;D rS NrKUd wGi;f odkY0ifí w&m;ESihftnD rif;jyKawmfrlavonf/ þ'Gg'ouedygwf r[my'krZmwf awmfukd jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf &[ef;awmfrsm; tm; a[mMum;awmfrNl y;D ]]opömpum;[k qkt d yf aom wpfckaomw&m;ukd y,fpGefYí rkom0g'ü wnf u k e f a om? pG e f Y v T w f c sJ U xG i f t yf a om? wrvGefavmu&SdukefaomolwdkYtm; rjyKtyf aom tukokdvfuHrnfonfr&Sd}} [k rdefYawmf okwa&ToHvGif rlavonf/ usrf;ukd; pdÍörmP0dumrdef;r0w¦K "r®y'0w¦K- wwd,wGJ/


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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EIwfapmihfpnf;jcif;onf tusdK;rsm;pGm&SdyHkESihf ywfoufí jrefrmpum;yHEk iS fh yHjk yifwpfc&k o dS nf/ w&Ha&mtcg auo&mZmjcaoFhrif; onf ajracG ; rES i h f a ygif ; azmf & m jcaoF h i ,f wpfaumifzmG ;jrifonf/ jcaoFrh if;u jcaoFih ,f tm;]]oif- toHrjyKEiS ?fh toHjyKí tjcm; wd&pämefrsm;Mum;vQif ajracG;oHygí r½dkrao &Sdacsawmhrnf/ oifqdwfqdwfaeaomf ,lZem wpfaxmif&adS om awmudk ay;rnf}} [kqo kd nf/ odkYaomf jcaoFhi,fu qdwfqdwfrae? a[muf acsaomaMumihf tjcm;wd&pämefrsm;u r½drk ao &Sdí awmwpfaxmifudk r&&Sdawmhay/ xdkyHkjyif udk taMumif;jyKí ]]qdwfqdwfae axmifwef}} [laom pum;yHkjzpfvmcJhonf/ raumif;aomtusihf 'kp½duf (10) yg; &Sd&mwGif 0pD'kp½dkuf (4) yg; yg0ifygonf/ 1/ rkom0g' (r[kwfrrSefaompum; udk ajymqdkjcif;/) 2/ ydokP0gpm (olESpfOD;Mum;rSm uGJjym;atmif acsmypfukef;wdkufjcif;) 3/ z½ko0gpm (Murf;wrf;,kwfrm aom pum;udkajymqdkjcif;) 4/ oræ y Ü v myg (teuf j 'Af u if ; odrfzsif;aompum;udk ajymqdkjcif;) paom 0pD 'kp½du k rf sm;onf pum;ajymrqifjcifíjzpfaom tjypfrsm;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí 0pD'kp½dkufrsm; rjzpfMuap&ef owdjzihq f ifjcifí pum;aumif; udo k m a&G;cs,af jymqdo k ihyf gonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m; &Sifonf oihfavsmfavsmufywfonhf pum; aumif;udo k m aumif;pGm>rufqakd wmfrw l wfonf \ tjzpfaMumihf ]]ok*w}} trnfudk &&Sdawmf rljcif;jzpfygonf/ 1334- ck E S p f u toQif O D ; Z0e a&;om;awmfrlcJhaom ]]y#dywådyumoeDusrf;}} wGif 0gpaumya'o (6) yg;udk azmfjyxm;yg onf/ 0gpaumya'o[lonfrmS pum;ajymqdk tyfukefaom Oya'udk qdkvdkygonf/ - r[kwfrrSef? tusdK;r&Sd rdpäm'd|dwdkY ouf0ifwwfukefaompum;wpfcGef; - xdpk um;udyk if or®m'd|w d Ykd rESpo f uf wwfukefaom pum;wpfcGef;/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

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]&Sifç &[ef;wdkYESihf t½kPfqGrf;} t&S i f o k p d w å o m& (rk w f u Ref ; &wem) ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf tdyfarmusae&mrS rdrdEdk;vmNyDjzpfojzihf acgif;tHk;ab;rS vufESdyf "mwfrD;udk,lí em&DudkMunhfvkdufonf/ eHeuf av;em&Dxdk;&ef rdepfydkif;rQom vkdawmhonf/ ]rsufpdtusihf 0rf;tcsihf} qdkouJhodkY aeYpOf tdyf&mrS yHkrSefxaeustcsdefrdkY þtcsdefa&muf vQif olYtvdktavsmuf Edk;aeusyg/ wpfcgwpf &H taMumif;udpöwpfckckaMumihf tdyf,m0if aemufusíaomfvnf;aumif;? rsufaphaMumif í awmfawmfESifh tdyfraysmfonhftcgüaomf vnf;aumif;? yHkrSefEdk;aeustcsdef rEdk;awmhbJ tcsd e f v G J o G m ;wwf y gonf / xd k t cgrsd K ;wG i f pdwfcs&atmif em&Dudk Edk;pufay;xm;&ygonf/ rxçívnf ; r&yg? t½k P f q G r f ; cH < u&rnf jzpfonfrYkd rxcsiv f nf;x? xcsiv f nf;x&rnf omjzpfonf/ tdr, f mab;rS rD;cvkwu f kd vSr;f ESyd zf iG fh vkdufNyD; ukwifay:rSqif; jcifaxmifodrf;? tdyf,modrf;? onhfaemuf udk,fvufokwfoif í rEdk;ao;olrsm;udk EId;&onf/ bk&m;a&SUwGif qDrD;ylaZmf? aomufawmfa&vJ? q,frdepfcefY bk&m;0wfjyK? NyD;vQif oydwfokwf? ouFef;½Hk? em&DudkvSrf;Munfhvkdufawmh av;em&DcGJwdwd/ owfrSwfcsdefa&mufNyDrdkY oydwfydkufí ausmif; atmufodkY qif;cJhonf/ OD;aqmif<uolwdkYu 0D & d , yd k w wf M uojzih f ]ig;em&D r wf w if ; } owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; apmíxGufwwfMu onf/ 'gawmif 0gyçrdkvdkYom? 0gwGif;qdkvQif qGr;f avmif;onhaf e&m rsm;onht f wGuaf Mumihf onhfxufyif apmao;onf/ oHCmtm;vHk; tqifoihjf zpfonfEiS fh qGr;f avmif;rnfah e&modYk <uMu&onf/ 0gwGi;f ü qGr;f avmif;olrsm;ouJh odYk aeYquf&ufquf avmif;wwfMuaomfvnf; bmaMumif h r S e f ; awmh r od 0guRwf o G m ;vQif qGrf;avmif;toif;tzGJUrsm; &yfem;oGm;MuNyD; qGrf;avmif;olrsm; enf;yg;oGm;Muawmhonf/ wpfywfwGif ESpf&ufoHk;&ufavmufom tEkdif Edkif avmif;Muawmhonf/ 0gwGif;rSm qGrf;awG vdIifaygv,faeoavmuf 0gya&mufrS Adkuf arSmufaeMu&awmhrnfxifyg&JU/

rdrdwdkYausmif;wdkufonf &efukefwkdif; urm&GwfNrdKUe,f trSwf (3) &yfuGufwGif&Sdyg onf / urm&G w f N rd K Ue,f &yf u G u f a ygif ; pH k r S qGrf;avmif;toif; (bHkavmif;) rsm;ESihf vrf; tvdkuf (wef;qGrf;) avmif;vSLMuaom ae&m rsm;odkY aeYtvkduf rdrdwdkYausmif;tygt0if NrdKUe,ftwGif;rS ausmif;wdkufBuD;rsm;tm;vHk; <ua&mufMu&ygonf/ qGrf;avmif;csdefudk yHkrSef tm;jzihf ig;em&DtwGif;<ua&muf&ef avQmuf xm;Muaomfvnf; 0D&d,ydkMuolwdkYu owfrSwf csdefxuf apmí <uwwfonf/ þodkYjzpfvm& jcif;rSmvnf; qGr;f avmif; (bHak vmif;) "r®m½Hrk sm; wGif wpfcsed w f nf;ü ausmif;rsm;wdu k q f ikd af evQif apmifq h ikd ;f ae&wwfjcif;aMumihf xdt k cuftcJrS vTJz,f&eftwGuf jyKvkyfMujcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfojzihf qGrf;cH&mwGif wpfcgwpf&H t½kPrf wufrt D csed jf zpfaewwfygonf/ 0denf; awmf t &Munh f v Qif oH C mawmf r sm;onf t½kPrf wufrD qGr;f cH,v l Qif 'ku#ú t f mywfoifh ygonf/ t½kPfwufcsdefonf yHkaor[kwfbJ vtvkduf av;em&DcGJrS ig;em&DcGJtwGif;txd tajymif;tvJ&Sdygonf/ t½kPfwufcsdefudk pm½IolwdkY rSwfom;vG,fatmif azmfjyygrnf/ ]od a umif ; p&m t½k P f w uf c sd e f c g} cl;ç oDwif;0,f ig;csufe,f? wufzG,f t½kPf wnf;/ uqkefç vif;0,f av;ç ig;q,f? wufzG,f t½kPfwnf;/ ,kefç 0gacgif0,f av;ç av;q,f? wufzG,f t½kPfwnf;/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

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xk d a vmf v nf a omtusih f & S d o nh f &[ef ; onf ypö n f ; ü ruf a rmwG , f w m\/ OyZÑm,f q &mwd k Y t m; vk y f a qmif a y;&rnh f 0wå&m;wdkYukdzsufum apmpD;pGm qGrf;cH<u\/ qGr;f pm;<u\/ om0w¦&d dS 0domcgausmif;trBu;D tdrfokdY0ifí pm;aumif;aomufzG,fwdkYukd pm; aomuf\/ xkdrQjzihf ra&mihf&JEkdifbJ plVtem xydPf? r[mtemxydPfwdkY\tdrfodkY<u\/ aumovrif;\eef;awmfov Ykd nf;<u\/ wpfaeY wG i f r l &[ef ; wd k Y \ "r® o bif ü xk d & [ef ; \ avmf v nf a omtjzpf u k d &[ef ; tcsif ; csif ; ajymqkad qG;aEG;jzpfMuonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif <ucsv D mNy;D &[ef;wdaYk qG;aEG;aeaomtaMumif; ukdar;&m &[ef;wdkYu vQyfay:avmfvnfaom &[ef;taMumif;ukd avQmufxm;\/ xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u xkd&[ef;ukdac:apNyD; [kwf r[kwfar;&m &[ef;uvnf; [kwfrSefaMumif; 0efcH\/ xkdtcg bk&m;&Sifu oifonf ,ckrS omvQif vQyfay:avmfvnfonfr[kwf? a&S; tcguvnf; ,ckuJhodkYyif avmfvnfcJhzl;ay\ [k rdefYum twdwfukdaqmifawmfrlygonf/ vGeaf vNy;D aomtcg Am&mPoDjynf ü jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyK\/ xkdtcsdefü usD;wpf aumif o nf &S d \ / xk d u sD ; iS u f o nf tpm; taomufü a&mih&f rJ rI &S?d vQyaf y:avmfvnf\/ [d r 0EÅ m üopf o D ; rsKd ; pk H u k d pm;&onf u k d tm;r&bJ **Fgjrpfem;odkYoGm;um ig;aowdkYukd oG m ;a&muf aumuf , l p m;aomuf \ / xkdrSwpfzef [dr0EÅmokdY ysHvmNyD; wpfawmvkH; vSnhfywfum opfoD;BuD;i,fwdkYukd pm;aomuf jyef\/ xkdodkY pm;aomuf&if;rS wpfcg y'kr®m tkdifBuD;&Sd&modkY a&mufoGm;\/ xkdtdkifonf tvG e f B uD ; aomtk d i f B uD ; wpf t k d i f j zpf í ig;vd y f B uD ; rsm; tvG e f a ygaomtk d i f j zpf \ / xkda&tkdifBuD;ü puú0gufarmifESHwdkY usufpm; aexkdifMuonfukd usD;ujrif\/ puú0gufwdkYrSm þa&tkdifü usufpm;Muonf rSefaomfjim; ig;om;wdkYukd pmx;onfr[kwf/ a&arSmfrsm; ukdompm;NyD; touf&SifaeMuaom iSufrsm; jzpf\/ olw\ Ykd tqif;rSm a&Ta&mifuo hJ Ykd 0g0g0if; vsufwifhw,f\/ ¤if;ukd usD;iSufu tm;usí


DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ puú0gufwt Ykd m; oifwYkd rnfonhf tpm;tpmukd pifppf ukd,fütqif;vSjcif; rvSjcif; pm;aomuf&í þrQ tqif;vSae&ygoenf; rS m rd r d w d k Y pm;aomuf a omtm[m&wpf c k [k ar;\/ usD ; \tar;uk d puú 0 guf w d k Y u wnf;ESihf rvkHavmufyg/ uH? pdwf? OwkwdkYvnf; jyef í ajz\/ igwk d Y p uú 0 guf w d k Y o nf u m; rygrjzpf yg&ygrnf/ tcsif;csif; oihfjrwfnDñTwf\/ wpfaumifESifh Mumaomf usD;iSufonf puú0guf\ wpfaumif arwåmxm;í aygif;oif;aexkdifMu pum;wdkYukd em;rcHomawmhay/ xkdYaMumihf \/ oifwdkYuJhodkY vltrsm;ukdvnf; rn§if;yef;? &SufpdwfrTefum xysHoGm;avonf/ raESmifh,Suf/ igwdkY0rf;pmtwGuf rnfonhf Zmwfaygif;aomfraumif;rIukdrQ igwdkYrjyK/ rnfonhf touf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;a'oemtqkH; wpfacsmif;ukdrQ rowf/ a&arSmfwdkYukd omvQif wGif avmfvnfaom&[ef;onf tem*grdzkdvf pm;ok H ; onf j zpf \ / ol r sm;\roxma&pm üwnf\/ ,ck xkdavmfvnfaom&[ef;rSm uk d v nf ; igwd k Y r pm;/ xk d Y a Mumih f rnf o l \ a&S;u usD;jzpfcJhNyD; ,ck &m[kvmr,fawmfrSm NiKjd iifru I rdk S rcH&/ oifwu Ykd olrsm;qDutpmukd puú0gufiSufr? ,ck igbk&m;um; xkdtcgu tvpf o k w f p m;wwf \ / ol r sm;\tom;uk d puú0gufzkdjzpfcJhzl;ayonf[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrl vnf; pm;wwf\/ þuJo h aYkd om toifwo Ykd nf ygonf/ rnfokdY tqif;vSygrnfenf;/ oifwdkYonf aZmf a emif tpkHpm; owå0gjzpfí tm[m&"mwfjynhf0pGm usrf ; uk d ; &&Sdygvsuf a&arSmfompm;aom igwdkYuJhodkY ig;&mhig;q,fZmwfawmf bmaMumihf tqif;rvSjzpf&oenf;[k oifu puú0guZmwf qkd\/ (anmifuefq&mawmf) pmrsuf E S m 38 rS bkO;f ay;aomfvnf; odrk ;DS xm;jcif; (oEé"d u d m&u) odu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywf? t½kPfrwufrD bkOf;ay;rdojzihf (0dumvabmZe) odu©myk'f t& ygpd w f t mywf r sm; oif h a &muf r nf jzpf o nf / od k Y a omf qG r f ; cH < u&mwG i f ]umva'o}t& rvGrJ a&Smifom jyK&onf rsm; &Sdygonf/ Oyrm- rEÅav;NrdKUuJhodkY oHCm tvGerf sm;aomae&mrsm; wGif qGr;f &&eftwGuf eH e uf o H k ; em&D a vmuf u yif qG r f ; avmif ; rnh f a e&mwG i f oG m ;a&muf w ef ; pD ae&m,l &ygonf / aemuf u sygu qG r f ; r&ojzih f a&aomufí AdkufarSmufae&ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcgu rdro d nf [oFmwNrKd Urd;k aumif; pmoifwdkufBuD;odkY pmoifom;rsm;&Sdojzihf oGm; a&mufvnfywf&mwGif wpfnwmusdef;pufcJh onf/ eHeufwGif oHCmtyg; ig;&mausmfwdkY bH k a vmif ; "r® m ½H k o d k Y t½k P f q G r f ; cH < uMuNyD ; jyefvmaomtcg tyg;ç oHk;&mavmufom qGrf;&cJhí tyg;ç ESpf&mavmufrSm oydwfcsnf; oufouf jyefvmcJh&onfqdkyg\/ xdkodkYrjzpf atmif apmEdkiforQ apmapm<urS &rnfjzpfyg onf / xd k t cgrsd K ;wG i f oH C mawmf r sm;tzd k Y tmywfoihfMu&ygawmhonf/ pifppftm;jzihf &Si&f [ef;wdt Yk wGuf tmywfqo kd nfrmS ]zGm;buf awmf} [kyif qdk&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihfvnf; rdrw d o Ykd C H mavmuwGif qd½k ;kd pum;yif&ydS gonf/

]]td k ; rnf ; ES i h f vuf E S D ; ? uav;ES i h f E S y f a cs;? bk e f ; BuD ; ES i f h t mywf } } onf ruif ; Ed k i f [ k qdkprSwfjyKMuygonf/ jrwfbk&m;ynwfawmfrlaom odu©m yk ' f w d k Y r S m omref y k x k Z Of y k * ¾ d K vf w d k Y t wG u f owd r rl v Qif tmywf o ih f M uygonf / odt Yk wGuaf Mumihf jrwfbk&m;u tmywfukpm; enf;rsm;udkyg rdefYMum;xm;cJhjcif;jzpfayonf/ odkYaomf &Sif&[ef; wdkYonf rvTJra&Smifom oifha&muf&aom tmywfrSwpfyg; taMumif; rJ h tmywf o ih f & jcif ; rsd K ; ra&muf a tmif r l txl ; owd x m;í a&S m if M uOf M u&rnf jzpf y gonf / taMumif ; rl t enf ; i,f a om tnpftaMu;udk aq;aMum&ef vG,fulEdkif aomfvnf; txyfxyfnpfayoGm; vQifum; ajymifpifatmif aq;aMumEkid zf &Ykd m cufcaJ yvdrhf rnf/ xdkYaMumifh tmywfoihfa&mufrI enf;Ekdif orQenf;atmif owdxm;í a&Smif&Sm; &rnf jzpfayonf/ odkYrSom 0denf;awmfudk tav; xm;&mvnf; a&muf ayrnf/ &Si&f [ef; wdw Yk iG f oifha&muf Edkifaomtmywfrsm;rSm tydkif; tjcm;tm;jzihf ]*½kutmywf} ESihf ]v[kutm ywf} [lí ESpfrsdK;&SDygonf/ ]v[kutmywf} rSm ao;i,fayhgyg;aom 'ku#ú ?f ygpdwf ponfwYkd jzpfí 'Pfxrf;jcif; a'oemMum;jcif;wkdYjzihf ukpm;&efv, G u f al om odum© yk'rf sm;jzpfayonf/ ]*½kutmywf} rSm BuD;av;aom oHCm'dodwf?

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yg&mZd u ponf w d k Y j zpf í rmewf u sih f j cif ; ? tAÇmefoGif;jcif;? odu©mcsjcif; (vlxGufjcif;) ponfwjYkd zihf ukpm;rSajyaysmufojzihf ukpm;&ef cufcJaom odu©myk'frsm;jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh &Sif&[ef;wdkYonf t½kPf qGrf;cH&jcif;udk taMumif;jyKí oifha&mufEdkif aom tmywfwdkYudk uif;EdkiforQuif;atmif a&SmifMuOfwwfzdkYvdkygonf/ rdrdwdkY &efukefNrdKU&Sd &yfuGufqGrf;avmif;toif;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY pGr;f Edik o f avmuf ig;ausmif;jzpfap? q,fausmif; jzpfap yihfzdwfíavmif;jcif;rsdK;jzpfí qGrf;r& aom oHCmqdo k nfrmS r&SEd ikd yf gay/ aemufwpfck rSm rdrw d u Ykd 0D&, d ydí k apm<uygvQif qGr;f avmif; olwdkY tcuftcJjzpfrnfudkvnf; pOf;pm;ay;& rnfjzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf ig;em&D<u&ef yifh xm;aomfvnf; av;em&D? av;em&DcaJG vmufu <uvmojzihf tcsdefukdufvkyfxm;olwdkYrSm qGrf; rusufí ravmif;EdkifbJjzpf&vQif tvSL&SifwdkY pd w f a umif ; Ed k i f r nf r [k w f y g/ uk o d k v f v d k í ukov kd jf yKow l t Ykd m; pdwEf v S ;kH romr,mrjzpfap &ef tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwdkY owdcsyftyfygonf/ odkYaMumihfyifvQif &Sif&[ef;wdkYonf tjcm;wpfyg;aom taMumif;udpöaMumifh &Hzef &Hcg rjzpfraejyKvkyf&onfrSwpfyg; rdrdwdkY tqif a jyrI E S i h f pd w f q E´ w pf c k w nf ; ud k o m a&SUwef;rwifMuygyJvsuf avmif;vSLMuol 'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkYtm;vnf; iJhuGufum tqifajyatmif aqmif&GufMujcif;jzihf rdrdwdkY rSmvnf; tjypftmywfrSuif;pifatmif (0g) ynm&Sw d \ Ykd tuJ&h UJ rSvw G af tmif twwfEikd q f ;kH ? taumif;qH;k jzpfaprnhef nf;vrf;rsKd ;udk a&G;cs,f oihyf gaMumif;tBujHyKa&;om;wifjytyfygownf;/ t&S i f o k p d w å o m& (rk w f u Ref ; &wem) pmrsuf E S m 36 rS xif&mawG aygufvTwfyJpm;ajymvmcJhwm/ tckvdk b0 aumif; tcgaumif;BuHKcdkufrSm b0aumif bk & m;&J U w&m;awmf a wG ay;vS L jzef Y j zL;ay; ae&wm tif r wef r G e f j rwf w J h t vk y f } } [k rd e f Y > ruf a wmf r l c J h j cif ; jzpf a yrnf / bmyJ j zpf j zpf pum;ajymrsm;vQif trSm;ygEdkifojzihf awrduJhodkY qdwfqdwfaeEdkif atmif BudK;pm;&rnf/ raeEkdifíajymvdkvQif vnf; [kwfrSef? tusdK;&Sdaompum;rsm;udkom a&G;cs,fajymqdkoihfayonf/ tñTef;- rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ Mo0g' armif q ef ; opf (bd k u av;)


12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 THE APPLICATIONS AND MEANINGS OF THE DHAMMA 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678

Buddhism encourages Happiness aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUaomb0odkY ydkYaqmifay;onfh Ak'¨"r® By Rajah Kuruppu, Sri Lanka Guardian, June 25, 2010 TRANSLATED into Myanmar by Dhamma Vira Thandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f ) (Continue from last Vol 20, No 12.) Anger and hatred are evil emotions that disturb the mental equilibrium of man. What is required is neither anger nor impatience but a clear understanding of suffering, its cause and how to eliminate it and then work towards that goal with perseverance and diligence.

raumif ; rI ' k p ½d k u f p d w f c H p m;rI r sm;jzpf o nf h a'gotrsuf xGufjcif;ESihf pufqkwf&GH&Smrkef;wD;jcif;wdkYonf vl\pdwfudk [efcsufnD nDwnfNidrfaeatmif xdef;odrf;&mü taESmuft,Sufay;aom pdwfrsm; yifjzpfygonf/ pdwfqdk;jcif;a'gow&m;? odkYr[kwf onf;rcHEkdifaom pdwfwdkYonf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©w&m;udk &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm odem;vnf&ef twGuf tvdktyfqHk;odxm;Mu&rnfh w&m;rsm;jzpfygonf/ vlwdkY\ pdwfwGif xdkraumif;rI 'kp½dkufpdwfxm;rsm; rjzpfay: rudef;atmif;Ekdifatmif z,f&Sm;okwfoif&Sif;vif;ypfMu&mü rdrdwdkYtqHk; pGefarQmfrSef;onfh tEÅdryef;wdkifodkYa&mufatmif rqkwfrepfaom vHkYv ESihf ZGJcwfí 0D&d,&Sd&Sd BudK;pm;jcif;onfomvQif vrf;rSefodkY qdkufa&muf aprnfjzpfonf/ Most persons in an unhappy frame of mind have a negative relationship with society and those who associate with them. At such times, they often tend to impose it on vulnerable persons whenever possible like children and subordinates.

On the other hand, when one is in a happy state of mind one often tends to reveal noble qualities of generosity, consideration, understandding and helpfulness. On the roads, a happy driver would be considerate and tolerant to other users of the road, drivers and pedestrains, and even to words errant drivers.

tjcm;wpfzufrS MunhfvQif vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrUaeonfh pdwt f ajctaersK;d ü &Sad ecdu k w f iG f apwem o'¨g w&m;&Sd&Sdjzihf &uf&ufa&ma&m ay;urf;pGefYBuJwwfaompdwf? pmem axmufxm;í pOf;pm;csihfcsdefwwfaom pdwf? em;vnfrItodw&m;&Sd &Sdjzihf ,dkif;yif;ulnDay;pGrf;wwfaom pdwfponf? jrihfjrwfpifMu,fí txufwef;usus tqihfwef;&Sdonfh pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfwdkYonf xdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;wdkYü rMumcPqdkovdk jzpfay:wwfavh&Sdonf/ yrmtm;jzihf armfawmf,OfomG ;vrf;rBu;D rsm;ay:wGif Munhyf g/ aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrI tjynhft0&Sdaeaom armfawmf,Ofarmif; orm;wpf a,mufonf xdv k rf;rBu;D ay:wGif armif;ESio f mG ;vmtoH;k jyKaeMuaom tjcm;aom ,Ofarmif;orm;rsm;? ajcvsifvrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;ponf wdkYtay:ü tppt&m&monf;cHEkdifaom pdwfjzihf qifjcifpOf;pm;í ,dkif;yif;xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufwwfayonf/ ,kwfpGtqHk; vrf;aMumif; rSm;,Gif;NyD; pnf;urf;azmufzsufum armif;ESifvmaom ,mOfarmif; orm;utp vlul;rsOf;usm;rsm;? rD;0grsm;jzihf owfrSwfay;xm;aom ae&mrsm;rS vrf;jzwfu;l vkMd uonfh uav;oli,frsm;tygt0if vrf;ul; ol c&D;oGm;rsm;tm;vHk; ab;uif;pGm jzwful;EkdifMuap&ef rdrdarmif;ESif vmaom armfawmf,mOfudk vHk;0&yfwHhay;NyD; ulnDapmihfa&SmufMuay onf/

vlyk*¾dKvftrsm;pkwdkYonf aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrI uif;rJhNyD; npfnL; aeMu&aom pdwftajctaersKd;wdkYwGif tzsufoabmaqmifonfh raumif;rI'pk ½du k v f t Yl zGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESih af ygif;oif;qufqaH evdMk uNy;D ¤if; todkif;t0dkif;ESihfom ypfpvufcwfjzpfovdk 0dkif;zGJUí aexdkifvdkMuay Moreover, if one were to seck a favour from another, the onf/ xdkodkYaom tcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif ¤if;wdkYonf tNrJwrf; tm;i,faom response is likely to be more favourable if that person is in a pdwx f m;rsm;jzihf olwu Ykd , kd o f w l Ykd vlaY bmif vlt Y odu k t f 0ef;xJüvl&m r0if good mood, Irritation and anger are suppressed to a considervlawmrwdk;toHk;rusonfh tqihftwef; edrfhusvSaom vlYatmuf able degree when one is happy. wef;pm;rsm;uJhodkY odkYr[kwf bmrQtodw&m;r&Sdao;onfh uav;i,f pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y uav;rsm;uJhodkY pGJvef;xifrSwfaewwfMuonf/


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