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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ odvu dk yf gwJçh pdwu f o kd &d rSm a'goudk od&rSmr[kwb f ;l / pdwu f kd Indentity vkyfzdkY a'goqdkwJh ½Iaxmihfuae Munhfay;wmayhg/ aemuf ]]0Dwa'gopdwf}} - a'gorygwJh pdwfuav;usawmh vnf; atmf.. ihgpdwfuav;[m a'gorygygvm;vdkY a'gouif;wJh pdwfuav;ygvm;vdkY pdwf&JUtajctaeudk odatmifvkyfyg/ oarm[pd w f - 0D w arm[pd w f xdkYtwlyJ ]oarm[} arm[eJYwGJaewJh pdwfuav;/ arm[qdk wm trSerf odb;l ? awGa0aew,f? awGa0aewJo h abmav;eJY ,SOw f v JG m wJh pdwu f av;qd&k ifvnf; awGa0aewJo h abmeJY ,SOw f aJG ewJh pdwu f av; vdkY 'Dvdkod&r,f? odatmifBudK;pm;ygwJh/ 'gawGu owduyfxm;vdkY&Sd&if udk,hfpdwftajctaeudk odEkdif w,f/ tjzLa&mifyJjzpfjzpf t0ga&mifyJjzpfjzpf owdeJYpl;pdkufMunhf&if rodEdkifaybl;vm;¿ odEkdifw,f/ orm"dpGrf;tm;awGç owdpGrf;tm;awGç 0D&d,pGrf;tm;awGeJY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvdkY&Sd&if pdwf&JUtajctaeawGudk odvmw,f/ ]]0Dwarm[}} arm[uif;wJh pdwfuav;? arm[r&Sdbl;qdk&if arm[uif;wJh pdwu f av;vdYk ud, k pfh w d t f ajctaeudk odvu dk w f ,f/ 'gu avmb? a'go? arm[qdkwJh ½Iaxmihfuae Munhfwm? &Sd r&Sd 2-rsdK;pD Munhfvkdufwm 6-ck roGm;bl;vm;? avmbeJYywfoufNyD;awmh pdwf 2rsdK; avmb&Sd r&Sd? a'goeJYywfouf&if 2 rsdK; a'go&Sd r&Sd? arm[eJY ywfouf&if 2-rsdK; arm[&Sd r&Sd? 6 rsdK;&oGm;NyD/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u pdwfudk 16- rsdK; cGJNyD;awmha[mwm? tck 6-rsdK; &oGm;NyD/ oH c d w å p d w f - 0d u © d w å p d w f aemuftajctaeawGeYJ ajymvku d Mf uOD;pd-Yk ]oHcw d på w d }f oHcw d å qdkwm tm½HkawGxJrSm jyefYrxGufbJeJY usHKU0ifoGm;wJhpdwf? qdkygpdkY- vlawG [m ukodkvfaumif;rIvkyfwJhtcsdefyJjzpfapç w&m;xdkifwJhtcsdefyJjzpfap pdwu f av;rSm xde- rd'¨ 0ifvmonht f wGuaf Mumifh usKH UoGm;w,f/ tm½Hk uae aemufweG o Yf mG ;wJh oabmav;yJ? pdwrf ygawmhb;l / pdwu f av;[m tm½Hkay:rSm pdwf0ifpm;rI enf;oGm;NyD; wGefYqkwfoGm;w,f/ tJ'g xderd'¨ jzpfvmwJo h abmyJ/ tJ'gudk oHcw d på w d v f Ykd ac:w,f/ ]oHcw d }å qdw k m aemufqw k o f mG ;wm usKH U0ifomG ;w,f/ tm½Hak wGay:rSm jyefw Y ufroGm;bJeYJ pdwu f av;[m aemufqw k v f mw,f/ tdycf siv f mwJt h cg oabmxm;udk Munhaf yhg? pmMunhaf e&if;eJY pdwu f av;usKH U0ifomG ;wmyJ/ xde- rd'0¨ ifvm vd&Yk &dS if pdwu f av;[m usKH U0ifomG ;wmyJ? jyefNy;D awmh vef;vef;qef;qef; jzpfvmwm r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY xde- rd'¨eJY wGJvm&if oHcdwåpdwf vdkY ac:w,fwJh/ ur®|mef;tm;xkwf&if oHcdwåpdwf ay:vmEdkifw,f/ aemufwpfcku qefYusifbufu ]0du©dwåpdwf} wJh? tm½Hkwpfck wnf;rSmxm;vdkY r&bl;? pdwfu [dka&mufoGm;vkduf? 'Da&mufoGm;vkduf jyefaY ew,f/ vGijhf yefaY ewJph w d ?f tJ'v D iG jfh yefaY ewJph w d q f w kd musawmh O'¨pö eJY ,SOfwGJvmwJhpdwf? oHcdwåpdwfqdkwm xderd'¨eJY ,SOfwGJvmwJhpdwf? 0du©d wåpdwfqdkwm O'¨pöeJY ,SOfwGJvmwJhpdwf? a[m'Dvdk tajctaewpfck ½Iaxmihu f kd Munhv f u dk v f &Ykd &dS if rdr&d UJ oEÅmefrmS &Sw d hJ pdw&f UJ tajctaeav; udk em;vnfvmEkdifw,f/ r[*¾ w pd w f - tr[*¾ w pd w f aemufwpfcg ½I&rSmu w&m;tm;xkwfaewJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[m orxusihfpOfBuD;wpfckudkusifhvdkY atmifjrifaygufa&mufoGm;NyD? psmef w&m;awG &oGm;Nyq D v kd &Ykd &dS if olpY w d [ f m tvGet f qihjf riho f mG ;w,f/ umr qdkwJh tedrfhtm½HkuaeNyD;awmh txufpsmefeJY tm½HkjzpfwJhtjrihfudk wuf oGm;w,f/ tjrihfay:a&mufoGm;wmudk ]r[*¾w} vdkYac:w,f/ jrefrm

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) yaoe'd aumov 0w¦ K Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfonf om0w¦jd ynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmf r l a omtcg qef w pf p d w f c suf a om xrif ; uk d p m;í w&m;empOf wvl;vJvJ ikdufrsOf;aeaom yaoe'Daumov rif;BuD;ukd taMumif;jyKí ]]rd'¨D ,'g a[mwd r[*¢aom}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ rd'¨D ,'g a[mwd r[*¢aom p? ed'´g,dwm orÜ&d0wåom,D/ r[m0&ma[m0 ed0gyyka|m? ykeyÜKeH *AÇrkaywd raE´m/ jref r muAsm vlEkHvlzsif; ikdufjcif;cgcg? ttdyfvJBuD; pm;BuD;aewm? aumif;pGmauR;xm; tdyfpm;vl;um?

0ufBuD;ESihf toifhwlvSyg/ xkd0uftvm; tdyfpm;olrSm? trd0rf; 0ifcrf; zefzefom/ The stupid one, when he is torpid, gluttonous, sleepy, rolls about as he lies like a great hog nourished on pig-wash, again and again goes to rebirth.

pum;ajy/ / tMuiftcgü vlEkHvlzsif;onf tNrJikdufae\/ tpm;BuD ; ttd y f B uD ; \/ tpm; taomuf yuf p uf a om (tpmauR;í arG ; tyf aom) 0uf B uD ; uJ h o d k Y wvl ; wvJ v J tdyfavh&Sd\/ xkdtcg vlEkHvlzsif;rSm (tedpöpaom vu©Pmukd ESvkH;roGif;rdonfjzpfí) tzefzef y#doaE¨ae &av\/

vdkawmh bmomrjyefbl;? ]r[*¾w} udk ]r[*¾Kwf} vdkY oN*ØK[fusrf;rSm tJ'Dvdk oHk;w,f/ ]r[*¾Kwf} qdkwm bmrSef;rodbl;ayhg? tJ'D ]r[*¾Kwf} qdw k m jrihjf rwfwt hJ qihçf omreftaetxm; wpfcu k aeNy;D awmh tqihf twef;jriho f mG ;wJph w d u f kd ajymwm? bmvdjYk rifw h mvJ? cgwdik ;f taetxm; r[kwb f ;l av/ cgwdkif;qdk vlY&JUpdwfudkMunhf- rsufpdujrif&wJhtm½HkrSm BudKuf w,f? rBuKd ub f ;l ? em;uMum;wJt h oHay:rSm BuKd uw f ,f rBuKd ub f ;l / BuKd uf &if avmbç rBudKuf&if a'go? 'gawGeJY oGm;aewmav? rsufpdu jrifwJh tm½Hkç em;u Mum;wJhtm½Hkç ESmacgif;u eH&wJhtm½Hkç vQmu vsuf&wJh tm½Hkç cE¨mudk,fu xdawGU&wJhtm½Hkç 'Dumr*kPftm½HkawGeJY aeaewJh pdwfuav;[m atmufwef;uswJhpdwfav;yJ/ tJ'D umr*kPt f m½Hak wGukd pGev Yf w T Nf y;D wJt h cg psmef&UJ tm½Hak y: rSm a&mufaeNyDqdk&if ]0d0dapö umar[d 0d0dpö tuk oav[d "ar®[d} eD0&Pw&m;awG z,fcGmNyD;awmh umrtm½HkawGuae vGwfxGufoGm; w,f/ umrtm½Hak wG vH;k 0uif;pifomG ;w,fç tifrwef oefpY ifreG jf rwfwhJ tm½Hw k pfcek pYJ w d u f kd wnfNird pf mG xm;Edik o f mG ;Nyq D &kd if tJ'pD w d u f kd ]r[*¾Kw}f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

awmifa0S;okH;acsmif; axmufyg rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® Z mwd u "Z) ]]aeY w d k i f ; a&at;vnf ; aomuf yg}} [laom vrf;ñTefcsufESihf ywfoufí qufvuf wifjyp&m&Sdygonf/ a&at;at; taomuf c k d i f ; jcif ; onf arwå m yG m ;&ef arwåmydkY&ef Oyrmjzihf ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ arwåmonf a&vdkat;jrNyD; a'go onf rD;vdkylonf/ arwåm\w&m;udk,frSm ta'goapwod u f j zpf N yD ; ta'go[l o nf a'gor&S d j cif ; a'gouif ; jcif ; jzpf y gonf / ]a'gouif;pif arwåmMunfvifvSoudk} [k qdo k nht f wkid ;f a'gouif;pifaeaom arwåm&Sif \ rsufESmonf MunfvifvSayonf/ oefY&Sif; pifMu,fvSayonf/ usufoa&&SdvSayonf/ a'gojzpfaeolum; vSyaomrsuEf mS onfyif tusn;f wefomG ;yg\/ t½kyq f ;kd oGm;yg \/ a'go½d k u f c suf j yif ; xef v G e f ; ygu aMumufp&mrsufESmyifjzpfoGm;ayonf/ arwåmoaw¬m teaEÅm- arwåm\ pGrf;tm;um; BuD;rm;vSygbd/ a&xJrSmaeaom vdkY ac:wmyJ/ tJ'DvkdpdwfrsdK; &vmNyD; 0dyóem½INyDqdk&if ]r[*¾wH 0g pdwåH r[*¾wH pdwåEÅd yZmemwd} ihgpdwfav;[m ]r[*¾Kwf} pdwf? tqihfjrifhwJh pdwfuav;ygvm;vdkY 'Dvkdodvmw,f? tJ'geJY qefYusifbuf tJ'Dtajc tae ra&mufb;l qdv k &Ykd &dS if 'g psmefr&wJh yk*K¾ v d af wGusawmh ]tr[*¾wH 0g pdwåH tr[*¾wH pdwåEÅd yZmemwd} tJ'DtajctaersdK; ra&mufbl;wJh/ edrfhwJhtxJrSmyJ &SdwJhpdwfqdkvdkY&Sd&if tr*¾wpdwf? umrm0p&pdwfawGu edrfhwJhtqihfrSmyJ &Sdw,fayhg/ 'Dvdk ½I&rSmu wpfck/ oOwå & pd w f - tEk w å & pd w f aemufwpfcg bmvmwke;f qdv k &Ykd &dS if ]oOwå&pdwf tEkw&å pdw}f - ]oOwå&} qdkwm udk,hfxufomwmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f? udk,fhxuf omwJph w d awG trsm;Bu;D &Sad ew,fvq Ykd akd wmh ckeuajymwJh edru hf swphJ w d f ayhg/ edru hf saewJph w d rf mS olx Y ufjrihw f phJ w d af wG &Srd aebl;vm;? avmukwå &mpdwf rygonht f wGuaf Mumifh 'Dae&mrSm avmukw&å mpdwu f kd xnhw f u G f vdYk r&bl;qdak wmh- umrm0p&pdw&f ,fç ½lyg0p&pdw&f ,fç t½lyg0p&pdwf &,f? oOwå&pdwfqdkwm olYxufomwJhpdwfawG&Sdw,fvdkY ajymwm[m umrm0p&pdwu f kd ajymwm? oOwå&qdw k m ud, k x fh ufomwmawG &Sad ewJh pdwfvdkY? omref umrm0p&pdwfav;wpfck[m oOwå&pdwfayhg/ ]tEkwå&} olYxufomwm r&Sdbl;? 0dyóem&JU tm½HkxJrSm olYxufomwmr&Sdbl;? 'djyifae&mrSm tEkwå&u avmukwå&mpdwfudk ajymwm? 'Dae&mrSm avmukw&å mpdwu f kd r,l&bl;? bmjzpfvYkd 0dyóem&JU tm½Hrk ?Ykd 'gav;awGuvnf; olaY e&meJo Y l &Sw d ,faemf? pmawGUwkid ;f tukef

vHk; 'gcsnf;yJvdkY oGm;NyD;awmhvkyf&if rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;awG tukefjzpfukef wwfw,f/ b,ft&myJjzpfjzpf defination vdkYac:w,f/ define vkyf& w,f? define rvkyfvdkY&Sd&if pmrpHkvdkY&Sd&if 'grsdK;awGu rSm;ukefwwfw,f ayhg/ Define rvkyfwwf&if rSm;w,fav/ wpfcgwpfav EdkifiHjcm;om; awG t*Fvyd v f jkd yefwhJ pmawGxrJ mS rSm;rSm;,Gi;f ,Gi;f awGjzpfw,f/ bmjzpf vkw Yd ek ;f qdk ]ocFg&} vdaYk jymvku d w f meJY ]t0dZmÆ ypö,m ocFg&m} awGUzl;wmeJY Volutional activity vdy Yk J tukejf yefw,f/ Volutional activity awG tukef jzpfuek af &m? ]oaAÁocFg&m tedpmö } usawmh volutional activity r[kwf bl;/ Conditioned things jzpfoGm;w,f/ ]ocFg&u©E¨m} usawmh Mental formation vdkY jyef&wm/ pum;vHk;u wpfckeJYwpfck rwlbl;/ toHwl w,f t"dyÜm,fjcif; rwlbl;/ Word Contex vdkYac:wJh pum;vHk;&JU qufo, G rf aI wGu rwlb;l ayhg/ pmayt,ltqrSm tJ'gawGu tifrwef rS ta&;Bu;D w,f/ 'gu bmompum;wdik ;f rSmç Language wkid ;f rSm&Sw d ,f/ b,f Language yJjzpfjzpf 'gu a&SmifvTJvdkYr&bl;/ Language awGeJY tm;enf;rIvdkY ajym&rSmayhg/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY define vkyfay;&w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm 'gomvdktyfw,fayhg/ aumif;NyD- tEkwå&vdkY 'DrSmajymvkdufwm[m olYxufomwm r&dSbl;ç oltomqHk;vdkY 'Dvkdajymw,f/ tJ'g r[*¾KwfpdwfawG? psmef&wJh yk*Kd¾ vaf wG[m ud, k pfh w d u f u kd , kd f tuJcwfNy;D awmh ½Iv&Ykd w,f/ omrefpsmef r&wJhyk*¾dKvfu tJ'Dpdwfudk ½IEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;ayhgaemf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ rdcifvyd frBu;D rsm;onf uke;f ay:oJaomifjyifwiG f Ocsum oJjzihzf ;kH xm;cJo h nf/ odaYk omf--a&xJrmS aeaom rdcifvyd rf Bu;D \ arwåmaMumifv h yd Of rSm vdyfom;i,fav;rsm; taumifaygufvmonf txd qef;Mu,faomarwåmBuD;rm;aom rdcif arwåmrsdK;udk od&SdEdkifonf/ wpf z ef w H k - om;i,f E G m ;av;ud k Edw Yk u dk af eaom rdcifEmG ;rBu;D tm; vSjH zihx f ;kd aomf vnf; raoaMumif; od&Sd&jyefonf/ rdcifacG;r BuD;uvnf; oufpGefYqHjzm; tdrfBudKtdrfMum; vrf;BudKvrf;Mum;rS &SmazGpm;aomufvmaom tpmtm[m&rsm;udk tpm&SmazGrpm;aomuf Ekdifao;aom acG;om;i,f om;aygufav;rsm; tm; tpmudk tHcsíauR;avonf/ rdcifarwåm [lonfum; t[dwfwd&pämefrsm;yif BuD;rm;pGm wnfaeudef;atmif;aeygav\/ todÓPf<u,f0aom rEkóac: vlom;wdrYk mS vnf; arwåmw&m;Bu;D rm;Muonf/ rd c if o nf wpf O D ; wnf ; om&S d a omom;ud k toufavmufcspfjrwfEdk;\/ ESvHk;onf;yGwf yrm jrwfE;kd \/ tzk;d wef&wemozG,f wG,w f m \/ þuJo h yYkd if tjcm;aomowå0gtay:üvnf; arwåmxm;yg[k Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifu arwåmokwf awmfwGif]]rmwm,xm ed,Hykwå? rm,kom {uyk w å r El & au© / {0rÜ d oAÁ b l a wok ? rmeoH bm0a, ty&d r mPH } } [k a[mMum; xm;awmfrlav\/ NyD ; vQif arwå m onf tjcm;aom ur®|mef;w&m;rsm;uJhodkY tcsdefae&m £&d,m ykxf ponf a&G;cs,fp&mrvdkay/ tmemyge ur®|mef;ac: 0ifavç xGufav ur®|mef;udk ½Irw S &f rnfqv kd Qif wifyv’iaf cGxikd í f xdik af om £&d,mykxjf zihf tm;xkw&f avonf/ arwåmydo Yk yGm;rsm;jcif;[laom arwåmbm0em onfum;wd | H p&H ed o d a Eé m 0g? o,maem ,m0wó 0dwrda'¨g {wH owd H t"da|,s? jA[®arwH 0d[m& rd'rm[k..[lí ñTejf yawmfrx l m;onhf twdkif; rwfwyf&yfaevsufvnf; arwåmyGm;

rsm;Ed k i f o nf / oG m ;vmvI y f & S m ;ae&if ; vnf ; arwåmydkYEdkifonf/ xdkifae&if;vnf; pD;jzef; Edik o f nf/ tdyaf e&if;vnf; arwåmbm0emjyKEikd f avonf / oG m ;- &yf - xd k i f - avsmif ; av;yg;£&d,mykxf ra&G;bJ yGm;Edkifav\/ arwåm\xl;jcm;csurf mS jA[®m0d[m& trnf&jcif;jzpfonf/ jA[®mwdkYonf arwåm w&m;jzihf aexdkifavh&SdaomaMumihfwnf;/ arwåmyGm;jcif;wnf;[laom a&at; aomuf j cif ; jzif h tusd K ;w&m; (11) yg; &&SdEdkifavonf/ arwåmtusdK; (11) rsdK;(1) okcH okywd-aumif;pGmtdyfaysmf jcif;/ (2) okcHy#dAkZÑwd-aumif;pGmtdyf&m rS Edk;jcif;/ (3) e ygyuH ok y d e H yówd tdyaf ysmaf epOfwiG v f nf; tdyrf ufaumif;rsm;udk om jrifrufjcif;/ (4) rEk ó meH yd a ,m a[mwd vlawGcspfcifjcif;/ (5) trEkómeH yda,m a[mw a[mwdewfawGuvnf; cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;/ (6) a'0wm &u© E Å d - ewf r sm;\ jrwfE;kd rIu&kd &So d jzihf ewfawGu apmifah &SmufMu jcif;/ (7) emó t*¾d0g 0doH0g ow¬H0g urwd- rD;ab;? tqdyfab;? "m;vufeufab; rS uif;a0;csrf;omjcif;/ (8) wk0¥H orm'd,wd- vsifjrefpGm orm"d&vG,fjcif;? pdwfwnfMunfjcif;/ (9) rkc0aPÖm yoD'wd- rsufESm tqif; MunfvifoefY&Sif;jcif;/ (10) tor®KaV§m umvHua&mwdrawGra0 rrdef;rarmbJ ao&jcif;/ (11) Owå & d tyÜ # d 0 d Z ÑaEÅ m jA[® a vmul y a*g a[mwd - aoNyD ; aemuf jA[®mjynfodkY a&mufjcif;wdkYjzpfavonf/ (aqmifyk'fvuFm) ]]tdyçf Ed;k csr;f om aumif ; pG m td y f r uf ç cspf v suf vl ç ewf ? apmif h M uyf e wf r sm;? rD ; ç qd y f ç "m;wd k Y a&S m if & S m ;aomud k ,f , fr S m vsif p G m pd w f w nf ; ?

7

&T i f M unf r suf E S m ? aocg aocgrr awG ? vm;av jA[® m ? q,f h w ppff j zmonf ? arwå m yG m ;rI tusd K ;wnf ; / awmif a 0S ; oH k ; acsmif ; axmuf y g ]awmif a 0S ; oH k ; acsmif ; axmuf y g} [k OyrmtvuFmwifpm;í rdefYMum;xm;aom q&mawmfBu;D \ Mo0g'pum;udk qifyh mG ;csUJ um; cHpm;a&;om;wifjy&aomf- rdrdwdkYonf aeYpOf aeYwdkif; ]tedpö? 'ku©? tewå} wnf;[laom vu©Pma&;oHk;yg;udk qifjcif½IyGm;NyD; aexdkif Mu&ef ñTefMum;xm;jcif;jzpfayonf/ awmifa0S;onf rdrdajcaxmufjzihf r&yfwnfEdkifaomoltwGuf taxmuftuljyK um vrf;avQmufEdkifouJhodkY ]tedpö- t&m&m rNrJjcif;? 'ku©- cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfç emrfw&m;wdkY\ qif;&Jjcif;? tewå- rdrt d vdo k rYkd vku d f rdrt d BuKd uf odkY ryg? olYobm0twkdif; oljzpfcsif&mjzpfae av&m ud, k rf ydik jf cif;? ud, k rf [kwjf cif;}} qdo k nhf vu©Pma&;w&m;oHk;yg;wdkYudk ½Ijrifqifjcif ES v H k ; oG i f ; aejcif ; onf v nf ; rd r d w d k Y t wG u f tyg,fav;yg;? acsmufurf;yg;Bu;D xJoYkd rus&ef ulnDapmifha&Smufvsuf&Sdavonf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; tedpö? 'ku©? tewå ½I y G m ;yg[k qd k v d k a vonf / (tus,f r a&; awmhNyD) odkYjzpf&m rdrdwdkYonf- waeYvufckyfoHk;cgwD;yg/ (bk&m;udk oHk;cg &Sdcdk;yg) - ig;[if;BuD;rsm;vnf; pm;yg/ (ig;yg;oDv apmifhxdef;yg) - a&at;at;vnf ; aomuf y g/ (arwå m yGm;yg) awmif a 0S ; oH k ; acsmif ; axmuf y g/ (vu©Pma&;oH;k yg; ½Irw S yf g) [laom Mo0g'udk vkdufemusihf oHk;tyfayownf;/ rH k & G m aeZm tñT e f ; rEÅ a v; a&T a &;axmif q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ Mo0g'xl ;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

a&rSmrqk;H aom Opöm&Sif &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H )

jrwfpGmbk&m;? om0w¬djynf aZw0ef ausmif ; awmf ü oD w if ; oH k ; awmf r l p Of t cg vS n h f p m;wwf a omuk e f o nf w pf a ,muf u d k taMumif;jyKí þw&m;a'oemudk a[mMum; awmfr\ l / a&S;vGeaf vNy;D aomtcg Am&mPoD jynfü jA[®'wfrif;xD;eef;pdk;pHaeawmfrlpOf? bk&m;tavmif;awmfonf ol<u,f\ om; jzpfcJhavonf/ ol < u,f o m;onf tod w &m;ES i h f tMum;tjrifjynhfpHkvdr®maomt&G,fodkYa&muf vQif Opömypönf;wdkYudk wdk;yGm;jyKvkyfaqmif&Guf NyD;ae\/ xdkol<u,fom;wGif nDwpfa,muf vnf;&Sdonf/ rdbESpfyg;uG,fvGefaomtcg nDtpfudkESpfa,muf usef&pfcJhMuonf/ rdbESpyf g;uG,v f eG Nf y;D aemuf rdbtarG tES p f t&if ; tED S ; jzih f wpf & yf w pf & G m od k Y ukefa&mif;xGufcJhMu&m tjrwfaiGwpfaxmif& ojzihf nDtpfudkESpfa,muf ae&yfodkYjyefcJhMu onf/ ,if;odkYjyefvmMupOf **Fgjrpfwpfbuf urf;odu Yk ;l &ef ul;wdaYk vSapmif&h if; xrif;pm;Mu onf/ tudkjzpfol ol<u,fu xrif;pm;NyD;vQif usefaomxrif;udk **FgjrpfwGif;rSm ig;vdyfwdkYudk &nf o ef a y;vS L um jrpf a pmif h e wf E S i f h w uG tvHk;pHkaom ewftaygif;wdkYudk trQay;a0av onf/ jrpfapmifhewfESifhwuG ewftaygif;wdkYrSm ol<u,f\ tm[m&tvSLudk taMumif;jyKum ay;a0aomtrQudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"k ac:&aom tusd K ;aMumih f ewf ü jzpf a om abmZOf c J z G , f ? O,smOf ? a&uef ? bH k A d r mef ESifhwuG udk,fqif;a&mif0g vmbfoyÜum wdk;yGm;cJhMu&m? ol<u,ftm; ewftaygif;wdkYu

cspfcifESpfouf tvGefyif aus;Zl;wifvsuf &SdaeMuayonf/ ul;wdaYk pmif&h if; ol<u,fvnf; **Fgjrpf aomifurf;ay:wGif t0wfcif;vsuf arS;pufae &mrS ½kwfw&uftdyfaysmfoGm;onf/ ol<u,f\ nDi,frSm ckd;wwfaomtusihfuav;&Sdonf/ tpfudkBuD;tdyfaysmfoGm;aomtcg nDi,fonf tojymwpfaxmifudk ray;vdkojzihf tojym wpfaxmifESifhtvm;wlpGm ausmufp&pfcJxkyf jyKvk y f N yD ; txk y f E S p f x k y f u d k twl x m;\/ nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf wa&;Edk;í ul;wdkYjzihf jrpfudkul;MupOf jrpfv,fa&mufaomf nDi,f onf avSudk trSwfwrJhvIyfí a&atmufodkY ausmufp&pf xkyfudkcs&ef tBuHESifh aiGxkyfudk rSm;qGJum a&xJodkY csvkduf\/ ausmufp&pfxyk t f xifEiS fh aiGxyk u f kd rSm;csvkdufNyD;aemuf nDi,fu tpfudkjzpfol ol<u,ftm; ]]aemifawmf? tojymxkyfawmh a&xJusoGm;NyD... 'ku©ygyJ..b,fvdkvkyfMu rvJ..}} [k ajymvku d \ f / tpfujkd zpfol ol<u,f u oabm&if;jzihfyif ajymvkduf\/ ]] a&xJusomG ;rSawmh..b,fvv kd yk f vdkY &awmhrSmvJ? 'Davmuf Opömudkawmh pdk;&drf raeygeJY nDarmif&,f...}} tojymxk y f a &xJ u soG m ;aom ol<u,fnaD emif\tjzpfuo kd ad om **Fgjrpfapmifh ewfonf ]]þol<u,fa,musfm;um; ihgrSm aus;Zl;BuD;\/ olay;a0aom ukodkvfaumif;rI trQudk igom"kac:&í igpnf;pdrfcsrf;om wdk;yGm;&ayonf}} [kBuHvsuf ol\wefcdk;jzihf a&xJusomG ;aom tojymaxmifxyk u f kd ig;Bu;D

wpfaumiftm;rsdKapNyD; jrpfapmifhewfonf xdkig;udk vdkufvHapmifhMuyf\/ aetdrfodkYjyefa&mufMuvQif Opömxkyf udk vSnhfpm;umckd;,lcJhaom ol<u,f\nDi,f olcdk;rSm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompdwfjzihf Opömxkyfudk ajzvkdu&f m tojymr[kwb f J ausmufp&pfcrJ sm; jzpfaeí pdwfysufvufysufjzpfoGm;um ckwif abmifudkzufí tdyfaeavonf/ xdktcsdefü wHigonfrsm; **FgjrpfwGif;qif;um ydkufuGefypf Mu\/ tojymwpfaxmifxkyfrsdKxm;aom ig;onf jrpfapmifhewf\tvdkqE´t& ydkufuGef twGi;f od0Yk ifa&mufum trdcaH vonf/ ydu k u f eG f orm;vnf; uGeu f q kd o JG rd ;f pOf ig;Bu;D ygvmojzihf 0rf;ajrmufpmG tvsit f jrefzrf;qD;Ny;D NrKd UwGi;f odYk vS n h f v nf u m atmf [ pf a &mif ; csavonf / NrKd UolNrKd Uom;wdrYk mS ig;Bu;D udjk rifvQif vkcd siaf om aMumihf b,faps;vJ[k ar;jref;Muavonf/ wHigonfu ]]wpfaxmifeJY ckepfyJ}} [k ajym&m vltrsm;u wpfaxmifecYJ ek pfyw J efig;udk rMum; zl;yg? ckepfyJç yJxm;yg[kqdkum wHigonfudk ysuf&,fjyKMu\/ wHigonfvnf; xdo k rl sm;udk ra&mif; bJ ol<u,f\ tdrfwHcg;0odkYoGm;a&mufNyD; ]]ol<u,f 'Dig;BuD;0,fprf;yg}} [k ajymvkduf\/ ol<u,fu ]]tpfuBkd u;D ig;u wefz;kd b,favmuf vJ}} [kar;&m wHigonfBu;D u ]]wjcm;olawGukd awmh tojymwpfaxmifeJYckepfyJ&rS a&mif;rSm yg? ol<u,f,l&ifawmh ckepfyJç yJay;ygawmh}} ol<u,fonf xdkig;BuD;udk ckepfyJESifh 0,f,lxm;vdkufNyD; tdrf&Sifrtm; csufjyKwf&ef ay;vdkufonf/ tdrf&Sifronf ig;udkckwfxpf&ef 0rf;udck aJG v&m tojymwpfaxmifxyk f ig;0rf;xJ rS &í vifol<u,ftm; aiGxkyfay;vkduf\/ ol<u,fonf aiGxkyfudkMunhf&m ol\trSwf tom;wHqyd u f jkd rif&vQif þwHigonf olwpfyg; tm; tojymwpfaxmifckepfyJESifha&mif;onf? ihgudu k m; ckepfyEJ iS o fh m a&mif;oGm;\/ a&xJus í qHk;oGm;aom ig\Opömxkyfudk igjyefvnf&&Sd jcif;um; xl;qef;vS\[k qifjcifpOf;pm;aepOf jrpf a pmif h e wf o nf ol < u,f t m; pmrsuf E S m 14 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

a*gwrAk'¨ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r® jyóemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)

,cif t ywf r S t quf ]]xd k r *f t vG e f qH k ; rol q &m&S d u ncsrf ; tcg qH k ; rcH & u eH e uf ü w&m;xl ; r*f z d k v f & ayrnf ? eH e uf t cg qH k ; rtyf r l ncsrf;tcsdeftcg w&m;xl;&ygvdrhfrnf}} [k Ak'¨u a[mMum;&Sif;jyawmfrlonf/ ]jrwf p G m bk & m; t&S i f b k & m;\ eHeufcg qHk;rcH&u naer*fzdkvf&rnf? ntcg qHk;rçcH&ygu eHeuf r*fzdkvf&rnf[k a[mMum; tyfonfrSm tHhMozG,faumif;yg\/ w&m; onfvnf; tHhMozG,faumif;vSyg\/ w&m; awmfudk tp? tv,f? tqHk; oHk;yg;vHk;ü aumif;aom*kPfjzihf jynhfpHkpGma[mMum;cJhonf rSm tHhMozG,faumif;vSygonf} [k aAm"drif; om;onf MunfndKaom o'¨gpdwfwzGm;zGm;jzpf ay:NyD; 0rf;ompGmavQmufxm;onf/ aAm"d r if ; om;\ xd k a vQmuf x m; csuu f kd oÍÆu d mykwv å v k ifonf Mum;vwfaomf ]aAm"drif;om;onf bk&m;&SifESihf w&m;awmftm;om csD;rGrf;zG,f pum;rsm;jzihf avQmuf xm;oG m ;yg\/ bk & m;? w&m;? oHCmwdkYudk udk;uG,f&m[líum; rqnf;uyf bdacs} [k uJh&JUjypfwifpum;ajymMum;av onf/ xdktcg aAm"drif;om;u ]tcsif;oÍöduykwå þodkYrajymvihf? igonf þqd k v wå H U aomtaMumif ; t&m pum;udk r,fawmfrsufarSmufrS Mum;emrSwf om;cH,lxm;zl;ygonf/ tcsif ; oÍd Æ u yk w å tcgwpf y g;ü bk&m;&Sifonf aumorÇDjynf aCmodwm½Hk ausmif;wdkufü oDwif;oHk;aexdkif\/ xdktcg ig\ r,fawmfonf igYudk udk,f0ef&SdaepOf bk&m;&SifxHarSmufodkYoGm;a&muf 0yfusKd;&Sdcdk; aexdkifNyD;vQif bk&m;&Sifudk]]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfr\ 0rf;wdkufü wnfaeaom þ

owko Yd m;onf odrYk [kwf owko Yd rD;onf bk&m; w&m; oHCmudk udk;uG,f&m[líqnf;uyf&yg \/ þom; (orD;udk ,aeYupí touf&Snf orQ umvywfvHk; o&P*Hkwnfol Oygoum Oygod u mr[l í rS w f a wmf r l y gbk & m;} [k avQmufxm;cJhzl;avNyD/ tcsif ; oÍÆ d u myk w å tcgwpf y g;ü bk&m;&Sifonf b*¾wdkif;t0iftyg okokrm& *D&NrdKUrSmyif om;wdkYtm; ab;rJhay;&mawmü oDwif;oH;k aepOf txde;f awmfonf igYukd &ifciG f yd k u f c sD í bk & m;&S i f x H a rS m uf o d k Y o G m ;a&muf 0yfvQdK;&Sdcdk;NyD;vQif bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGm bk&m; þaAm"drif;om;onf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmudk udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyf&yg\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf þrif;om;udk ,aeYup í touf&SnforQ umvywfvHk; o&P*Hk wnfol Oygoum[lí rSwf,lawmfrlygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;cJhzl;avNyD/ tcsif ; oÍÆ d u yk w å r,f a wmf E S i h f txdef;awmfwdkY ig\ udk,fpm; ESpfBudrfwdkifwdkif toD;oD; o&P*HkcH,lNyD;aom xdkigonf ,ck tcg oH k ; Bud r f a jrmuf v nf ; bk & m;? w&m;? oH C mwd k Y ud k ; uG , f & m[l í qnf ; uyf y g\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf wynhfawmfudk ,aeYu pí touf&SiforQ umvywfvHk; o&P*Hk wnfol Oygoum 'g,um [lí rSwf,lawmf rlygbk&m;} [k oÍÆdumykwåvkvifudk wdkifwnf um bk&m;&SifxHü o&P*Hkaqmufwnfav onf/ xdkYaemuf aAm"drif;om;onf tjypf ajcmufyg; uif;aomt&yfü xdkifaeNyD; bk&m; &Sifudk ½dkaopGm &Sdcdk;vsuf ]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfonf t&Sib f &k m;\ 'g,umwpfO;D jzpfygonf/ trd0rf;wGif wnfpOfu wpfBudrf uav;oli,f vlrr,fb0u wpfBudrf? ,ck odMum;vdrfrmaom t&G,fodkYa&mufaomtcg wpfBudrf þodkY oHk;Budrf wdkifwdkif o&P*Hk cH,l cJ h o l j zpf y gonf b k & m;/ xd k o d k Y Oygoum 'g,um&if ; wpf a ,muf j zpf a eygvsuf tb,faMumihf wynhfawmf\ ydwfjzLtcif;udk

reif;ygoenf;bk&m;} [k avQmufxm;ar;jref; Munhfonf/ ]rif ; om; oif o nf tb,f u d k BuHpnfawmihfwí ydwfjzLtcif;udk cif;bdo enf;} ]jrwf p G m bk & m; wynf h a wmf o nf om;udkjzpfap? orD;udkjzpfap tu,fí &Ekdif onfo h jl zpfcv hJ Qif bk&m;&Sio f nf wynfah wmf\ ydwjf zLtcif;udk eif;<uawmfrv l rd rhf nf[k BupH nf awmihfwum cif;xm;ygonfbk&m;} ]rif;om; xkdodkYBuHpnfawmihfwNyD; cif;xm;aomaMumihf igbk&m; xdkydwfjzLudk reif;jcif;jzpfayonf} ]jrwfpmG bk&m; wynhaf wmfonf om; orD; r&Ekdifrnfholjzpfygoavm} ]rif;om; rSefay\} ]jrwf p G m bk & m; tb,f t aMumif ; aMumihf wynhfawmfonf om; orD;udk r&Ekdif ygoenf;} ]rif;om; oifonf a&S;tcgb0u ZeD;ESihfwuG tm½Hkig;yg;udk vdkufpm; arhavsmh cJhaomaMumihf om;orD;r&Ekdif} ]jrwfpGmbk&m; tb,faomumv tb,f b 0wk e f ; u wynh f a wmf o nf ZeD ; r,m;ESihfwuG tm½Hkig;yg;udk vdkufpm;arhavsmh cJhygoenf;} ]rif;om; a&S;vGefavNyD;aomtcg &maygif;rsm;pGmaom vlwdkYonf BuD;rm;aom avSjzihf ork'´&mudk ul;oGm;MuonfwGif avS BuD;onf ork'´&mtv,fü aygufuGJepfjrKyfcJh avonf/ xdkvltrsm;taygif;rS ZeD;armifESH ES p f O D ; onf ysOf c syf w pf c syf u d k rS D w G , f M uí a&v,f u Ref ; wpf c k o d k Y qd k u f a &muf o G m ;Mu onf/ <uif;usefolwdkYum; ork'´&mü epfjrKyf aoqHk;ukefMuonf/ xdka&v,fuRef;ü rsm;pGmaom iSuf taygif;onf aexdkifygonf/ xdkZeD;armifESH wdkYonf tjcm;wpfyg; pm;zG,f&mudk rawGU& um; tvGefqmavmifaeonfjzpfí iSufOrsm; pmrsuf E S m 22 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

,cif t ywf r S t quf jrwf A k ' ¨ yG i h f a y:csd e f u k d 'óetjrif j zih f ok H ; oyf j cif ; bD p D a jcmuf & mpk o nf bmoma&;acwf jrwf A k ' ¨ y G i h f a y:onh f c&pf a wmf ray:rD (bDpD) ajcmuf&mpkumvonf bmom a&;acwfjzpfonf/ bmomw&m; xGef;um; aomacwf[k qkv d ydk gonf/ orkid ;f ynm&Sirf sm; u todÓPfEkd;<uaomumv (The age of D jcmuf&mpk intellectual) [k ac:Muonf/ bDpa \ [dkrSmbufonf tarSmifacwfjzpfonf/ todÓPf rxGe;f um;aomacwf[k qkv d o dk nf/ xk d t csd e f umvrsm;wG i f bmoma&;r&S d [ k rqkdvkd/ odkY&mwGif yDjyifaombmoma&;[lí um; rqkdEkdifyg/ bmoma&;okawoDrsm;u bmoma&;wGif (1) zefqif;&Sif (Creator) &Sd&rnf/ (2) zefqif;cH (Created) &Sd&rnf[k qkdMuygonf/ bD p D a v;axmif u bmoma&; "r®y'usrf;wpfae&mü jrwfAk'¨ u ]]ab;tEÅ&m,f toG,o f , G w f jYkd zihf Ncrd ;f ajcmufcH &aom vlom;wdkYonf opfyif awmawmif t&HapwD (ewfuGef;) wdkYukd ukd;uG,fMuukef\}} [k rdefYMum;xm;ygonf/ ,if;rSm bmoma&;\ tOD;tpukd azmfñTef;aom pum;jzpfonf/ urÇmhorkdif;ynm&SifwdkY\ tqkd t& tdE, d´ bmoma&;orkid ;f onf bDpD ESpaf xmifcefY u pwifcJhonf[k qkdMuygonf/ tdE´d,orkdif; ynm&S i f w d k Y u rl bD p D a v;axmif c ef Y [ k y if qkdMuygonf/ xk d t csd e f r sm;u pwif í td E ´ d ,

Ek d i f i H w G i f ; od k Y taemuf b uf a 'orsm;rS vlrsKd;BuD;wpfpk 0ifa&mufvmonf/ tm&f,ef (Aryan) [k trnfay;Muonf/ tm&f,efwdkY onf rlvu ½k&Sjynfawmifykdif; uufpfyD,ef yif v ,f a 'owG i f tajccsaexk d i f M u&mrS ta&SUbufodkY vnf;aumif;? taemufbuf a'orsm;odkY vnf;aumif; a&Munf&mjrufEk&m odkY ajymif;a&GUoGm;Muonf/ ta&SUbufvrf; aMumif ; od k Y vk d u f c J h o l r sm;onf tD & ef ? tmz*efepöwefwdkYukd jzwfausmfNyD; cdkifbm awmifMum;vrf;rS tdE´d,a'o tdE´Kjrpf0Srf; txd a&muf & S d v mMu&m td E ´ K jrpf 0 S r f ; ,Ofaus;rIonf BuD;us,faom ,Ofaus;rI BuD;jzpfcJhonf/ tm&d , ef w d k Y o nf vrf ; c&D ; wpf avQmuf obm0w&m;rsm;uk d ES p f y &d a pä ' &maxmifcsDí &ifqkdifausmfjzwfvmcJhonf/ owå0gwdkY\ "r®wmt& taMumufw&m; ESihf &if q k d i f & aomtcg obm0w&m;rsm;uk d uk d ; uG , f M u\/ ajrBuD ; onf t"d u jzpf \ / xkdYjyif aumif;uif? rkd;? rkd;BuKd;? rD; ponf wdu Yk v dk nf; &Scd ;dk Mu\/ ajrBu;D onf owå0g wd\ Yk axmuf w nf & mjzpf \ / rk d ; onf touf &Sifoefa&;twGuf ta&;BuD;\/ rkd;BuKd;onf olwdkYukdaoap\/ rD;onfvnf; BuD;rm;aom pGrf;tm;&Sd\/ aoatmif &Sifatmif trsKd;rsKd; pGrf;aqmifEkdif\/ xkdYaMumihf ajr? rkd;? rD;? rkd;BuKd; ponfwdkYukd &Sdckd;cJhMuonf/ obm0w&m;rS ewf u k d ; uG , f r I o d k Y tcsdefumv Mumjrifhvmaom tcg obm0w&m;wG i f vl w d k Y \ aumif ; usKd ; qk d ; jypf w d k Y u k d zef w D ; ay;wwf a om ewf

a'0wmrsm;(0dnmOf) &Sdonf[k ,lqvmMu onf/ þodkYjzihf ajrBuD;onf Nydxd0D (yx0D) ewforD; (earth goddess) jzpfvm\/ ,ck 0okE&¨ eD wforD;ukd qkv d o dk nf/ aumif;uifonf tmumoewfjzpfvm\/ rkd;onf yZÆKEéewf? wd r f w d k u f o nf 0vm[uewf j zpf v m\/ þodkYjzihf a0'acwfvm ewfwdkYonf ta& twGuf ajrmufjrm;pGm jzpfvmMuonf/ a0'ac: tapmqk H ; bmoma&;usrf ; rsm; ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom ewfa'0wm wdkYtm; ylaZmf&ef bmoma&;pmayrsm;vnf; ay:vmonf/ trsm;Mum;zl;aom £½k? ,Zk? omr ponhf a0'usrf;rsm;jzpfygonf/ ygVd pmayü rMumcP azmfjyxm;aom aA'ifokH;ykH [lonfrSm ,if;wdkYyifjzpf\/ xkdacwfumv BuD;rsm;onf tdE´d,EkdifiHbmoma&;orkdif;ukd pkd;rkd;xm;&m a0'acwf(Vedic Age) [kac: onf/ a0'bmoma&;[k ac:onf/ jAm[® P 0g' ay:vmjcif ; acwf u mv[l o nf tpOf x m0& ajymif ; vJ a eNrJ j zpf o nf / a0'acwf w pf avQmuf v k H ; twd k i f ; tqr&S d a om ewf r sm; ukd;uG,fcJhMu&mrS ,cktcg zefqif;&Sif ewfBuD; f nhf tjzpfoYkd wpfyg; (The Creator)ukd uk;d uG,o a&mufcJhMuonf/ ,if;rSm xm0&? £ó&? jA[®m? r[wår ponf trnftrsKd;rsKd;&aom zefqif;&SiBf u;D jzpfonf/ ,if;ukd jA[®Pbmom (jA[®P0g')[k qkdMuygpdkY/ jA[®P0g't& jA[®monf t"du jzpf \ / t&m&mwG i f jA[® m "mwf j zpf \ / jA[®m"mwfonf ouf&Sdowå0gwdkYwGif pdrfh0if ae\/ ouf & S d o uf r J h t &mrS e f o rQonf jA[® m BuD ; \zef q if ; csuf j zpf \ / jA[® m \ tvk d a wmf t &momjzpf \ / jA[® m onf zefqif;&Sifjzpfí owå0gwdkYonf zefqif;cH rsm;jzpfMu\/ þokdYjzihf vlom;\ukd;uG,f&m onf jA[® m jzpf \ / t&S i f o cif v nf ; jzpf \ / jA[®mBu;D tm; ylaZmf&ef ,Zfyal ZmfrI trsK;d rsK;d ukd jyKvyk &f \/ ,Zfyal Zmfpmrsm;? *gxm rEÅmefrsm;ukd &G w f z wf í yl a Zmf a om vl w ef ; pm;wpf & yf ay:vm\/ jA[®Prsm; jzpfMu\/ jrefrmwdkYu ykPÖm;[k bmomjyefMu\/ jA[®PwdkYonf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ aumif ; uif (jA[® m ) ES i h f vl o m;tMum; wpfqifhcHrsm;jzpfMu\/ jA[®mtm; ylaZmfonhf ,ZfylaZmfrIukd jA[®PwdkYu csKyfukdifxm;\/ olwkdYom ,Zfq&mBuD;rsm;jzpfMu\/ þenf; tm;jzihf vlom;\tcef;u@onf rIef&D0kd;0g; jzpfvm\/ jA[®PwdkY\ tjc,fvS,fcHrsm; jzpfvmMu\/ uH w &m;uk d ,k H M unf o l r sm;ay:vm (Oyed o Q'f a cwf ) jrwfAk'¨ yGihfawmfrrlrD ESpfaygif; 200 cef Y 0 ef ; usif bD p D &S p f & mpk o k d Y a&muf v m aomtcg tawG;tac:rsm; ajymif;vJvm avNyD / uH w &m;uk d ,k H M unf o l r sm; b0 oH o &muk d ,k H M unf o l r sm;ay:vmMuonf / aumif ; rI o nf aumif ; usKd ; uk d j zpf a p\/ raumif;rIonf qkd;usKd;ukday;\/ aovGef NyD;aomtcg wrvGefb0odkY ul;ajymif;&\ [laom ur®0g'? oHo&m0g'rsm; ay:xGuf vmonf/ jA[® m \vuf w G i f ; üom od k Y a omf jA[® m \vuf w G i f ; rS u m; rxGufEkdifMuao;/ uHw&m;\aemufuG,f wGif jA[® m BuD ; u vT r f ; rk d ; xm;ao;\/ od k Y a omf þacwfwGif tawG;tac:rsm; ajymif;vJvm ayNy/D q&m\teD;wGif tao t0yfcsO;f uyfí enf;edó,rsm;ukd qnf;yl;aomtavhtx xG e f ; um;vmayNyD / xk d Y a Mumih f þacwf u k d OyedoQ'facwf [k qkdMuonf/ tdE´d,EkdifiHwGif bmoma&; tawG; tac:rsm; tqihq f ihaf jymif;vJvm yku H dk þwGif acwå&yfem;í taemufbuf urÇmBuD;qDodkY vSrf;arQmfMunhfMuygpdkYbD p D a jcmuf & mpk r S *&d ' óeq&mBuD ; rsm; td E ´ d , Ek d i f i H w G i f Oyed o Q'f a cwf BuD ; twG i f ; jrwf A k ' ¨ 0 g'ES i f h wpf p d w f w pf a'oqif q if ur® 0 g'? oH o &m0g'rsm; ay:ayguf v mjcif ; ES i h f t wl taemuf w d k i f ; awG ; ac:&S i f B uD ; rsm; ay:ayguf v mMuNyD / tcsdefumvrSm bDpDajcmuf&mpk0ef;usifyif jzpf\/ tdE´d,EkdifiHwGif bmoma&; ajymif;vJrI vdIif;wHykd;BuD; x<uawmhrnf/ taemuf u rÇ m wG i f ,Of a us;rI tm;jzihf tapmqkH;rSm tD*spfjzpf\/ odkYaomf 'óeaA' tawG ; tac:e,f y ,f w G i f tapmqkH;rSm *&dwdkYjzpfonf/ *&d'óe onf taemufykdif;'óetpyifjzpfonf/ taemuf wkdif;tawG;tac: (Western Philosophy) wGif *&dwdkYonf a&SUajy; q&mBuD;rsm;jzpfonf/

'óe\tp ao;vd u *&d ' óe\ zcif B uD ; rS m ao;vd (Thalese, 624-550 BC) jzpf\/ Ak'¨ arG;zGm; csd e f E S i h f ao;vd a rG ; zG m ;csd e f r S m wd k u f w k d u f qk d i f q k d i f B uD ; 624 jzpf a eonf / od k Y a omf ao;vdonf "mwfBuD; 4 yg;teuf tmayg "mwf (water) wpf c k w nf ; uk d o m y"me tjzpf od & S d o G m ;onf / a&? ajr? av? rD ; "mwf B uD ; (4)yg;ES i h f w uG od w ef o rQuk d tuk e f t pif od a wmf r l o nf r S m jrwf A k ' ¨ wpf y g;wnf ; om&S d o nf / xk d Y a emuf tjcm; *&d ' óeq&mBuD ; wpf O D ; jzpf o l teuf q D rif;eufpf (Anaximenes 588-524BC) url 0ga,m"mwf (air) om t"d u jzpf \ [k qkdonf/ xkdYaemuf ygrif;e'D;pf (Perminides 514-BC) ay:vmaomtcg avmuBuD;\ ajymif;vJjcif;ed,mr (tedpö"r®) ukd od&Sdvm ayNyD / ]]jrpf w pf j rpf x J u k d rnf o l r S 'k d i f A if ES p f c gxd k ; csír&}} [l a om aqmif y k ' f u k d jyKvkyfoGm;aom q&mBuD;jzpf\/ Ak''¨ óe½Iaxmihrf q S adk omf vu©Pm a&;ok;H yg;teuf tedpv ö u©Pmukd odomG ;ol[k qkEd idk yf gonf/ 'kuv © u©PmESifh tewåvu©Pm wdkYukdum; odoGm;[efrwlay/ aemufydkif; emrnfausmf *&d'óe q&mBu;D rsm;jzpfMuaom yavwkd (Plato; 327kd ,fvf (Aristotle, 384347BC) ESifh t&pöww 322 BC) wdkYrSm jrwfAk'¨aemuf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aemufusaomyk*K¾ v d rf sm; jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wd\ Yk 'óersm;rSmvnf; avmuDe,fy,fwiG o f m qk;H onf/ ta&S U buf a 'orS w½k w f E k d i f i H B uD ; þtcsd e f w G i f ta&S U buf a 'o EkdifiHBuD;wpfEkdifiHjzpfonhf w½kwfjynfBuD;ukd Munf h y gOD ; / w½k w f ' óeynm&S i f B uD ; rsm; jzpfMuaom uGefjzL;&SyfESihf avmifZlwdkY ay: vmMuonf/ olwdkY\'óea&;&mukd rSef;q Ekdif&ef uGefjzL;&Syf\ b0wpfpdwfwpfa'oukd azmfjyygrnf/ uG e f j zL;&S y f u k d bD p D 551 wG i f arG ; zG m ;ojzih f jrwf A k ' ¨ y&d e d A Á m ef j yKcgeD ; tcsd e f E S i h f wd k u f q k d i f a eayonf / rif ; pk d ; &mZmrsKd;EG,frS qif;oufvmí okH;ESpfom;wGif zcif uG,fvGefoGm;NyD; acwfqkd;csdefBuKHí pD;yGm; a&; tajctaeqk d ; jzih f BuD ; jyif ; cJ h & onf / olonf vkHYv 0D&d,ZGJ jyif;xefoljzpfaom aMumih f ½k d ; &m0wf j yKrI ? uk d ; uG , f r I ponh f ynm&yfrsm;ukd tywfwukwf qnf;yl;cJh onf/

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½kd;&mynma&;qkdif&m twwfynm ajcmuf&yf uk d uRrf ; usif p G m wwf a jrmuf o nf / 19 ESpo f m;wGif tdraf xmifusonf/ Zmwdc½kid w f iG f us0D eftjzpf trIxrf;&Guo f nf/ 0efxrf;aumif; tjzpf csD ; jr§ i f h c H & onf / om;wpf a ,muf xGe;f um;onf/ bDpD 528 ck? touf 23 ESpfwGif rdcifuG,fvGefojzihf ylaqG;aomua&muf um tvk y f w m0ef r sm;uk d p G e f Y c J h N yD ; a&S ; a[mif ; ork d i f ; rsm;uk d ok H ; ES p f o k H ; rd k ; avh v monf / txufwef;vTmwdkYom oif,lcGihf&Sdaom (Li) usrf;rsm;ukd trsm;jynfolwdkYtm; oifMum;ydkYcs ay;onf/ ol\cH,lcsufrSm ]]ynma&;wG i f tqihftwef;cGJjcm;rIr&Sd}} [lí jzpfonf/ touf 50 wGif jynfolY0efxrf; tjzpf jyefvnfxrf;aqmifí w&m;olBuD;?

0ef B uD ; ? ,m,D 0 ef B uD ; csKyf w m0ef r sm;uk d xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ xkdYaemuf EkdifiHa&; aMumihf &mxl;rSjyKwNf y;D e,fEiS 'f Pfc&H onf/ aemufyidk ;f (13)ESpfwm oufwrf;wGif EkdifiHwpf0ef; ae&m tES H Y c &D ; qef Y í Ek d i f i H a &;? vl r I a &; tawG ; tac:rsm;ukd oifMum;jzefaY 0cJo h nf/ bDpD 479? touf 72 ESpfwGif uG,fvGefonf/ ol\tawG;tac:rsm;onf aemuf ydkif;acwfumvrsm;wGif w½kwf 'óee,fy,f \ txif&Sm;qkH; tBuD;us,fqkH; jzpfvmonf/ uG e f j zL;&S y f \ tvk d t & ]]vl Y b 0uH M ur® m uk d bk & m;ocif u qk y f u k d i f x m;onf / vl o m; rS e f o rQ rvT J r a&S m if o m jrif h j rwf o l ? ,k w f n H h o l j zpf & rnf / i,f o l u BuD ; ol u k d ½k d a o&rnf / vuf a tmuf i ,f o m;wk d Y u tBuD;tuJokdY emcHMu&rnf/ uGefjzL;&Syf0g' onf wmtkdbmom? Ak'¨bmomwdkYESihftwl w½kwaf us;ykid f uReyf ikd af cwftwGi;f a&S;a[mif; tawG;tac: wpf&yftjzpf &yfwnfcJhonf[k okawoDrsm;u aumufcsufcscJhMuonf/ tdE´d,EkdifiHrS bmoma&;vIdif;wHykd;BuD;rsm; ta&SUtaemuf urÇmwpfvTm;wGif þod'Yk óeq&mrsm;? bmoma&; acgif;aqmif rsm; ay:aygufaecsdefwGif tdE´d,EdkifiHBuD; twGif;wGif bmoma&; tajymif;tvJrsm; t&Sdeft[kefBuD;rm;pGm ay:xGufvmayonf/ yuwdrsufaph? em; paom tm½kH rsm;jzihf cHpm;od&SdcGihfr&aom xm0&jA[®m BuD;tm; ukd;uG,fMu&mrS ukd,fwdkifusifhBuH tm;xk w f í &&S d E k d i f a om tod Ó Pf x l ; uk d &SmrSD;olwdkY ay:aygufvmMuonf/ &mpkESpf pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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rd ½ k d ; zvmouf o uf r Qomyg? ]Ak ' ¨ } qk d w m bmvJ..? bmomqkdwm bmvJ...? 'Dv jref r mvd k b mvvJ . .? vqef ; ? vqk w f b,fESpf&uf? tzdwfaeYç OykofaeY? vjynhfç vuG,?f &ufpçHk rpk?H a&mufqaJ umZm ouú&mZf? omoemESpfutp rodolawGu trsm;BuD;}} ]]tif; [kwfyghAsm}} ]]aemufNyD; q&m&JU Ak'¨0ifwdkYrodwm? y&d w f B uD ; (11)ok w f w d k Y r &wm xm;OD ; awmh ?

Moumobk&m;uefawmhwm? qGr;f uyf? yef;uyf? a&csrf;uyfwmutp..pwJh tajccHodoihf &oihfwmawGutp rodolr&olawGu wpfykH BuD;? 'DtxJrSm uav;taztarawG? ausmif; q&mq&mrwpfcsKUd utpygw,f? ½k;d ½k;d om;om; 0efcH&&if tJ'DrodwJhtxJrSm uRefawmfvnf; xd y f q k H ; uaygh q &m&,f ? bmomuk d [ef j y tjzpfeJYom ukd;uG,faejzpfwm-}} ]]ukdat;csrf;ajymrSyJ ukd,fhukd,fukd owdjyKrdygw,f? tJ'DbmrQrodç r&ç rwwfwJh zmodzmom ayghayghwefwef Ak'¨bmom0ifxJ rSm uRefawmfvnf;ygw,fAs}} ]]a[m- aemufNyD;awmhq&m&JU? tck uReaf wmfwaYkd ewJh ucsijf ynfe,f zm;uefq Y w dk m bmomtpkH? vlrsKd;tpkHaewm? wpfcgwpf&H &if;ES;D wJb h momjcm;rdwaf qGawGu Ak'b ¨ momeJY ywfoufwmar;&if uRefawmfwdkYu aumif; aumif;ajymrjywwfbl;? odyf&Sufp&maumif; wm ukd,fubmrSrodawmh ukd,hfom;orD; wynhfajr;awGukdvnf; bmrSrajymjywwf? rqk H ; rwwf b l ; ? wpf c sd e f r S m bmrS r od w J h om;orD;awGu rdbae&ma&mufjyefawmh olwdkY&JUrsKd;qufopfawGtwGuf bmrSjzefYa0 ray;Ekid af wmhb;l ? wu,fawmh omoemtwGuf bmomaoG; &SifoefzkdYvkdaeNyD? awG;Munhf&if &ifav;p&mayhg q&m&,f}} ]][kwfwmayhg? [kwfwmayhg}} ]]q&ma&- tckvuf&Sd bmomBuD; av;cktxJrmS [dEL´ Ny;D &if a&S;tusq;Hk eJY 'kw, d tOD;qkH;u Ak'¨bmomayhg? urÇmhae&mtESHUrSm xGef;awmufus,fjyefYcJayrJh wdk;wufvmwJh vlOD;a&eJYtrQ &mckdifEIef;csMunhf&if wkd;rvmbJ ,kwfavsmhvmNyD; Ak'¨bmomppfppfxGef;um;&m ae&mawG[mvnf; usOf;vmjyefw,f? tjcm; tjcm;aom bmom0ifawG wuf<u Ekd;Mum;

aewJh tcsdefrSm Ak'¨bmom0ifawG trsm;pk[m tdyfaysmfaeMuw,f? NrKdUBuD;jyBuD; pnfum;&m? vmbfvmbaygrsm;&m awGrSmyJ aevkdMuNyD; a0;vHacgifzsm; &Sm;yg;wJh ae&mawGukdoGm;NyD; omoemjyKzkdYukd wGefYqkwfaeMujyefw,f/ 'DaeY 'DtcsdefrSm omoemxGef;um; jyefYyGm;zdkYqkdwmxuf t&SnfwnfwHhckdifNrJatmif b,fvx dk ed ;f odr;f umuG,af pmihaf &Smuf&rvJqw dk hJ tykdif;u t"duusaeNyDq&m? Ak'¨bmom[m jrihjf rwfwb hJ mom? &ihu f suw f b hJ momyg? 'gayrJh av bmom0ifawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m jrihfjrwf wJhae&m? &ihfusufwJhae&mrSm tm;enf;aeyg ao;w,f? t0ef;t0kdif;usOf;usOf;av;txJrSm tcsif;csif; rnDñTwfMujyefbl;? q&mtpGJ? ausmif;tpGJ? *kdPf;*PtpGJawGeJY jzpfaew,f}} ]]ukad t;csr;f ajymrSyJ owdjyKrw d ,fAs? f t hJ jrifawGeYJ 'DtcsdefrSm usO;f ajrmif;ao;odrw ok"r®maom? a&Tusifaom? r[mpnfaom? rk;d ukwaf om? i,fjzLaom? awmxGuaf om.. pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;cJjG cm;&rJt h csed af wGr[kwaf wmhb;l ? wu,fawmh tm;vk;H [m bk&m;&JUrl? bk&m;&JU om;awmfawGygyJ? q&m'um nDñTwfpGmjzihf bk & m;&J U tvk d u stwd k i f ; aeNyD ; wu,f u sih f aqmif omoemtwGuf wu,ftvkyv f yk zf u Ydk t"duAs? aemufNyD; omoemtwGuf wu,f pGrf;EkdifolawGukd (wu,ftvkyfvkyfolawGukd) ae&mrSef ay;Ny;D vkt d yfwmawG yHyh ;dk ay;zkYd vkrd ,f xifw,f? aemufNyD; ukd,fhomoemrSm ukd,hf bmom0if tcsif;csif;rnDñTwfMu&if? us&m wm0efukd tvkdufodpGm rausyGefMu&if? ykHrSef pnf;a0;ç aqG;aEG;rIawG rjyKMu&if rokH;oyf Mu&if bmomoem qkwf,kwfysufjym;apEkdif ygw,f? tcsi;f csi;f rnDñw T v f Ykd uk, d *hf ;dk uk, d o f iG ;f Mur,fqkd&if ½IH;csufemwJh abmvkH;yGJrsKd; ukd,hf omoemrSm rjzpfapcsifwmawmh trSefygyJ}} ]]aMomf - q&ma&? uRef a wmf w d k Y rwfwyf&yfNyD; pum;ajymaumif;aevkdufwm? atmifokcrSm vufzuf&nfaomuf&if; pum; ajymMu&atmifAsm}} þod k Y E S i h f ajymvuf p pum;rsm; tawmrowfEkdifbJ 'kwd,ykdif;pum;0kdif;tm; atmif o k c rS m yif vuf z uf & nf a omuf & if ; ajymjzpf M uavonf / vuf z uf & nf E S i h f pmrsuf E S m 36 ok d Y

DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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tyg,fvGwfoDvrSonf aomwmywådr*fodkY qdkufa&mufapaomÓPf [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if t"dov D ? t"dpw d ?å t"dynmjzpfEikd &f eftwGuf 'kp½du k q f ,fyg; udk taMumif;ukefpifatmif y,f&Sm;Ekdif&ef usihfaqmifaomenf;vrf;udk ,ciftywfu wifjycJh&m? ,cktywfwGif qufvufusihfaqmifMu& rnfhvrf;pOfwdkYudk azmfjyvdkygonf/ 0#f o H k ; yg;wG i f aysmf a rG U aomtm&wd w &m;ud k c G m Ed k i f & ef ,ciftywfujyqdck o hJ nht f wkid ;f ? tydik ;f tjcm;ESiw fh uG 'kp½du k f q,fyg;rS 'kp½dkufwpfyg;wpfyg;vQif taMumif;ukefpifatmif y,f&Sm;í usihfaqmifEdkifrSom? t"doDv? t"dpdwå? t"dynm jzpfEdkifrnf[k a[mawmfryl gonf/ þusipfh Of"r®ü 'kp½du k q f ,fyg;ukeaf tmifpifatmif wpfyg;csif;wpfyg;csif;udk y,f&Sm;oGm;Edkif&rnfjzpfygonf/ þ'kp½du k w f u Ykd kd jzpfapwwfaom 0w¬Kumr? udavomumrwdYk ü? awmihw f aomumrqE´ukd y,fEikd v f Qi?f xdyk ,fEikd o f nfph w d u f kd aeu©r pdwf[kac:onf/ xdkYaMumifh aeu©are umrqE´ó[k qdkygonf/ ¤if;0w¬KumrtwGuf aMumifhMuaompdwfudk y,fcGmEdkif&ef? tAsmyg'pdwfudk tm;xkwf&\/ xdkYaMumihf tAsmyga'e Asmyg'ó[k qdyk gonf/ þuJo h Ykd rdrt d m;xkwt f yfaom trIupd u ö kd owdrvpf&ap&ef rdrdtm½Hkü tydkif;tjcm;rSwfom;aomowd&SdvQif pdwfapwodufwdkYudk rcHhaom xde? rd'¨? eD0&PwdkY y,fcGmEdkif\/ xdkYaMumihf tmavmuonm , xderd'ó ¨ [k qdak vonf/ rdrv d v YkH jyKtyfaom aumif;aomw&m;wdYk udk? pdwf\wnfNidrfjcif;? {u*¾wm&SdvQif jyefYvGihfaom O'¨pöpdwfonf uGmEdkif\/ xdkYaMumifh t0dau©aye O'¨pöó[kqdkonf/ rdrdwdkYjzpf&mbHkb0wGif rNrJjcif;tedpö? qif;&Jjcif;'ku©? tpdk;r& jcif; tewå? rwihfw,fjcif;tokbwdkYudkjrifojzihf? tem*wfa&SUv? a&SUESpfwdkYü csrf;omEdk;Edk;/ ,ckb0xuf aemifb0 csrf;omEdk;Edk;? ,HkrSm; jcif;? 0dpdudpämwGif "r®00w¬moabmudkjrifvQif? r*f\tEÅ&m,fjzpfaom 0dpdudpämpdwfudk y,fcGmEdkifonf/ "r® 0 0w¬ m aee 0d p d u d p ä m ,qd k o nf r S m odkYjzpfí "r®00w¬maee 0dpdudpämqdkonfrSm þtedpö? 'ku©? tewå? tokbwdkYudk 0dyóemynmjzihf ½Ijrifaomolonf rdrdwdkYcHpm; oH;k aqmif&aom umr*kPt f m½Hw k o Ykd nf þb0xufaemufb0udk cHpm; jcif;iSm tvd&k adS om tm½Hu k q kd ;kH jzwfEidk \ f / xdaYk Mumihf nmaPe t0dZmÆ , [k qdak vonf/ rdrw d u Ykd siBfh uBH uKd ;ukwt f m;xkwcf ahJ om tusKd ;w&m;wdu Yk kd 0rf;ajrmufvQif udavom0#f? ur®0wf? 0dygu0#fwdkYwGif aysmfarGUaom tm&wdudk cGmEdkif\/ xdkYaMumihf ygrkaZÆe tm&wd&m[k qdkayonf/ csrf ; omonh f t rS w f o nmcG m rS r*f q d k u f r nf þqdktyfcJhNyD;aom pum;t&yf&yfwdkYwGif txufujyqdkcJh aom ZmeaEÅm odu©wdqdkaomyk'fESihfpyfvsOf;í? tusOf;oacFyenf;jzihf jyqdkvdkygonf/ rdrw d aYkd &SmifMuOfcahJ om 0d&rdwAÁ0w¬Kukd awmihw f jcif; umrqE´ udk y,fcGmvQif (yxrpsmef) qdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh yxarepsmaeeeD0&eH [k qdkygonf/ 0w¬Kumrudka&S;½IBuHjcif;? 0dwuútm½Hkü oHk;oyfjcif;? 0dpm&wdkY udk y,fcGmEdkifvQif ('kwd,psmef) qdkonf/ xdkYaMumihf 'kwDa,e psmaee?

0dwuú0dp&meH [kqdkygonf/ þ0w¬Kumrü ESpfoufjcif;yDwdudk y,fcGmvQif (wwd,psmef) qdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh wwDa,epsmaeeyDwd,m[kqdkonf/ ¤if;0w¬KumrESihfaygif;oif;íae&vQif? csrf;omonf[lí rSwfxifaom okconmudky,fcGmEdkifvQif (pwkw¬psmef) qdkonf/ xdkYaMumihf pwkaw¬epsmaee okc'ku©eH[k qdkavonf/ xdkonmav;yg;uGmojzihf þ0w¬KESihftm½Hkraygif;pyfatmif rdrdtm½HkudkcGmíaeonfudk (tmumomeÍöm ,wepsmef) qdkonf/ ¤if;tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefonf ½lyonm? y#dConm? emewåonm? ¤if;onmoH;k yg;uGmonf/ (0dnmeÍöm,wepsmef) onf? ¤if;onmoHk;yg; uGmonfudk odjcif;? ¤if;½lyonm? y#dConm? emew¬onmuGmvQif þ½kyftwGuf udpöukefjcif;onf (tmud Í ö n m,wepsmef ) qd k o nf / ,ck y pö K yÜ e f rsufarSmufü uGmjcif;udkodaom (ae0onm)? aemiftcgüvnf; tpOf uGmjcif;udkodaom (emonm,wepsmef) qdkonf/ ¤if;ormywf&Spfyg;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif&jim;aomfvnf; csrf;om onf[lonhf trSwfonmcGmrSomvQif aomwmywådr*fodkY qdkufa&muf Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/ txufu jyqdkcJhygaom ormywf&Spfyg;onf ocFg&ukodkvf jzpfí? rckdifNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;? tESpfom&r&Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh 0dyóem ynmÓPfvufeufjzihf NzdKzsufNyD;vQif a*gMwblÓPfESifh ykxkZOftEG,f udk jzwfí? aomwmywådr*fodkY qdkufa&mufí ocFg&e,frSvGwfajrmuf jcif;udk? y#dedó*¾gEkyóem, tm'geó[kqdkygonf/ ¤if;aomwmyef yk*Kd¾ vo f nf tukov kd jf zpfapwwfaom 0w¬KumrESiafh wGUBuKH vQif avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? 'd|dwdkYudk y,fcGmEdkifí? 'da|u|me udavomeH yZ[wd[k qdkawmfrlonf/ a*gMwbl u d k jyqd k j cif ; þuJo h Ykd onmudck mG Edik rf o S mvQif aomwmywård *foYkd a&mufEidk f ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkygaomf ]]tmumoeÍöm,we ormywåd,m? okcóp y[mem,}} [lí tbd"r®myd#uwf"r®o*FPDygVdawmfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlygonf/ a*gMwblÓPfudk &Edkifaom xif&Sm;aom0w¬Kudk jyqdkvdkyg onf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ zcrnfawmfoka'¨g'erif;BuD;udk;uG,faom a'0Dv&Si&f aohonf ormywf&pS yf g;? tbdnmPfajcmufyg;wdEYk iS fh jynhpf kH onf/ þrQavmuf tusKd ;tmedoo H uk&d ygvsuf oyÜK&, d ESirfh awGUonhf twG u f tyg,f a b;rS csrf ; om&mra&muf a y/ od k Y j zpf í oyÜ K &d okyedó,udk txl;a[mawmfrlygonf/ yuwlyedó, ypön;f rSerf eS u f efuef&rSomvQif rdrt d m;xkwf tyfaom udpöwGif yxrpsmef? 'kwd,psmef? wwd,psmef? pwkw¬psmef? tmumopsmef? 0dÓPpsmef? tmudÍn ö mpsmef? ae0onmpsmef? emonm psmefwu Ykd kd aocsm*eodro S mvQif ykxZk OftEG,u f jkd zwfí aomwmywård *f odkY ul;cwfEdkifaom a*gMwblÓPfudk &Edkifygonf/

DHAMMA TALKS

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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

a*gMwbl Ó Pf (10) Bud r f &rS o m aomwmywådr*fodkYqdkufa&mufatmif þa*gMowblÓPf onf tb,frQavmuf&ydS goenf;qdak omf? aomwmywård *foq Ykd u kd af &muf atmif a*gMwbl (10) Budrf&rSomvQif aomwmywådr*fodkY qdkufa&muf Edik yf gonf/ þa*gMwblÓPfonf tb,fuo hJ o Ykd abm&Sí d tb,faMumihf (10) Budrf&atmif jyKvkyf&rnf[k qdkygoenf;qdkaomft|a*gMwbl"r®m? or|0aoe OyÜZÆEÅd/ 'óa*gMwbl"r®m?

0dyóem 0aoe OyÜZEÆ /dÅ uwar t|a*gMwbl"r®m? or|0aoe OyÜZEÆ /dÅ yxrH psmeH y#dvmbwåm,? ed0&aP? tbdbl,swDwd a*gMwbl/ 'kwD,HpsmeH y#dvmbwåm,? 0dwuú 0dpma&? tbd,l,swDwda*gMwbl/ wwD,psmeH y#dvmbwåm,? yDwd t H bd,, l sww D ad *gMwbl/ pwkwpH¬ smeH y#dvmbwåm,? okc'kau©tbdbl,swDwda*gMwbl/ tmumomeÍöm ,we? ormywåd Hy#dvm bwåm,? ½lyonH? y#dConH? emewåonH? tbdb, l sww D d a*gMwbl/ 0dnmPÍöm,we? ormywåd H y#dvmbwåm,? tmumóeÍöm,we onH? tbdbl,swDwd a*gMwbl/ tmudÍönm, we ormywåd H y#dvmbwåm,? 0dnmPÍöm ,we onH? tbdbl,swD wd a*gMwbl/ ae0onm emonm ,weormywåd H y#dvmbwåm,? tmudÍönm,we onH? tbdbl,swDwd a*gMwbl/ £art|a*gMwbl "r®m or|0aoe OyÜZÆEÅd/ uwar'oa*gMwbl"r®m? 0dyóem 0aoe OyÜZEÆ /dÅ aomwmywård *¾H y#dvmbwåm,? OyÜg'H? y0wå?H edrw d ?Hå tm,k[eH? y#doEÅd H? *wd H? edAÁwdå H? Oyywåd H? Zmwd H? Z&H? Asm"d H? r&PH? aomuH? y&d a'0H? Oyg,moH? A[d'¨g ocFg& edrdwåH? tbdbl,swDwd a*gMwbl/ [lí y#dorÇd'gr*fygVdawmfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlyg onf/ t|a*gMwbl " r® m [l a omyk ' f t &um; eD0&Pudkjzwfjcif; yxrpsmef a*gMwblwpfBudrf/ 0dwuú 0dpm&udk jzwfjcif;? 'kwd,psmef a*gMwblwpfBudrf/ yDwdudkjzwfjcif; wwd,psmef a*gMwblwpfBurd /f okc'kuu © jkd zwfjcif; pwkwp¬ smefü a*gMw blwpfBurd /f ½lyonm? y#dConm? emewåonmwdu Yk kd jzwfjcif;? tmum omeÍöm ,wepsmefü a*gMwblwpfBudrf/ tmumo onmudkjzwfjcif; 0dnmeÍö,wepsmefü a*gMwblwpfBudrf/ 0dnmPonmukdjzwfjcif; tmudOn ö m,wepsmefü a*gMwblwpfBurd /f udpo ö nmudk jzwfjcif; ae0 onm emonm,wepsmefü a*gwblwpfBudrf/ ¤if;a*gMwbl&SpfBudrf pmrsuf E S m 8 rS aumif;uifü&yfum ud, k x f ifjyvsuf ]]ol<u,figum; **FgjrpfudkapmifhwJh jrpfapmifhewfjzpfay w,f? oif[m **FgjrpfxJrS ig;wdkYudk pm;<uif; xrif;ay;vSLum ihgtm; trQay;a0w,f? tJ'g aMumifh oifhOpömudk igapmifha&Smufay;jcif; jzpfygw,f}} [kajymqdNk y;D ]]oihn f o D nf oift h m; vSnpfh m;Ny;D cd;k aomaMumifh 'Dtjymxkyf a&xJus jcif;jzpfw,f/ oif[m ihgtay: aus;Zl;&Sdol jzpfvdkY oifhOpöm oifhxHjyefa&mufaqmif,lay; jcif;jzpfw,f/ 'DOpömudk oihn f o D cl ;kd tm; ray;eJ}Y } [k ajymqd k r S m Mum;NyD ; **F g apmif h e wf v nf ; udk,fa&mufazsmufavawmhonf/

onf orxw&m;\ tusdK;qufjzpfonf/ ¤if;orxw&m;\ tusdK; qufukd 0dyóemÓPfvufeufjzihf wdu k zf surf o S mvQi?f aomwmywård *f odkY qkdufa&mufEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ a*gMwbl Ó Pf j zih f ud a vom&m*ud k j zwf & ef xdkYaMumihf uwar'oa*gMwbl"r®myk'f\teufaomfum;? txufujyqdkcJhaom orx\tusdK;w&m;jzpfaom ormywf&Spfyg; onf? y0wåH- y0wådrsufarSmufü? OyÜg'H- jzpfay:jcif;? edrdwåH- edrdwfudk? *wd H- vkdufí? y#doE¨d H-y#doaE¨aejcif;onf? Oyywåd H-Oyywådb0okdY? Zmwd H-Zmwdudk? tm,k[eH- touf&Snfjcif;? Z&H- tdkjcif;? Asm"d H-ab; jzpfjcif;? r&PH- aojcif;? aomuH- pdk;&drfjcif;? y&da'0H- ylaqG;jcif;?

Oy,moH- yifyef;jcif;? edAw Á -Hå ESyd pf ufjcif;? A[d'g¨ jzpfaom? ocFg&edrw d -Hå jyKjyiftyfaom0w¬Konf? tbdbl,s- uyfíESdyfpufjcif;udk? a*gMwbla*gMwblÓPfjzihf udavom&m*wdkYudk jzwfukefav\/ 'k p ½d k u f (10)? oD v (50)? ormywf (90) þuJhodkY ygPmwdygwm tp&Sdaom 'kp½dkuf (10) yg;wdkYudk wpfyg;wpfyg;vQif yÍöoD oDv (5) yg;pDESihf ajr§mufu? oDv (50) jzpf onf qdkygonf/ ¤if;'kp½dkufwpfyg;vQif ormywf (9) yg;pDESihfajr§mufyg u? ormywf (90) jzpfonf[k owdjyKawmfrlMuapvdkygonf/ ormywf (9) yg;[lonfum;? tukodkvfudkjzwfjcif;a*gMwbl wpfyg;/ umrukov kd u f jkd zwfjcif;? ½lyg0p&yxrpsmefwpfyg;/ 'kw, d psmef wpfyg;/ wwd,psmefwpfyg;/ pwkw¬psmefwpfyg;/ ½lyg0p&ukodkvfudk jzwfjcif;/ t½lypsmefü tmumopsmefwpfyg;/ 0dnmPpsmefwpfyg;/ tmudÍönmpsmefwpfyg;/ ae0onm emonmpsmefwpfyg;[lí? y#doaE¨ (9) yg;/ Zmwd (9) yg;/ Z&mr&P (9) yg; tp&Sad om edAw Á v då u©Pmwdu Yk kd tedpö? 'ku©? tewå[lí ½Iqifjcifaom oroeÓPf? b,ÓPf? b*FÓPfwjYkd zihf aygufa&mufvQi?f tyg,y#doaE¨? umrok*wdy#doaE¨? ½lyy#doaE¨? t½lyy#doaE¨pw d w f u Ykd kd y,fjzwfEikd af om 0dyóemynmudk &í? ykxZk OftEG,u f jkd zwfEidk af om a*gMwblwpfyg;wnfí? (10) yg;aom y#doaE¨udpöudk y,fzsufEkdifjcif;aMumihf? ]]'oa*gMwbl"r®m 0dyóem 0aoe OyÜZÆEÅd}} [lí jrwpfGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlygonf/ þuJhodkY &Spfyg;aom (orx)? q,fyg;aom (0dyóem) wdkYESihf jynfhpHkrSomvQif? aomwmywådr*fodkY qkdufa&mufEdkifygonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) [H o m0wD OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if

jrpfapmihfewfu ray;&efajymMum;cJh Opömudk cdk;,ljcif;rS MuOfa&SmifcJhaom? zvHaomfvnf; oem;Muifemwwfaom ol<u,f tusdK;pD;yGm;aywnf;/}} onf ? taumuf B uH a om ol c d k ; nD i ,f t m; (Zmwf ? t|uxm) ig;0rf;xJrS aiGxyk jf yef&aMumif;ajymNy;D aiGig;&m &S i f Ó P (zsmyH k ) cGaJ 0ay;vku d \ f / a&xJusí jyef&vrf;r&Sad om aiGxyk u f kd ol<u,fjyef&onfum;? ol<u,fonf a&S;a&S;b0rsm;u olwpfyg;Opömudk cdk;,ljcif; wnf;[laom t'dEmé 'geuHukd MuOfa&SmifcahJ om taMumif;uHaMumihfvnf;jzpfayonf/ ]]okc0d[m&dwm? t'dEém'gem a0&m rPd,mzvH..}} ]]okc0d[m&dwm= csr;f ompGmae&aom tjzpfonf? t'dEmé 'gema0&mrPd,m-olwpfyg;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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ay;vd, Yk &l aom tyl wuú o d k v f v S a rmi rmif ]]om;orD;(10)a,mufudk rdbESpf a,mufu auR;Ekid af rG;Ekid cf w hJ ,f/ om;orD; (10) a,muf u rd b ES p f a ,muf u d k jyef v nf rauR;EkdifrarG;Ekdifbl;wJh? tJ'gbmjzpfvdkYvJ OD;av;}}/ uRefawmfwdkYESihf twlaewlrjzpfol u ar;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ rdbawG tdkrif;oGm; wJhtcg om;orD;u jyefrauR;Ekdifbl;qdkwm rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ bmjyKvdkYvJqdkawmh rdtdkztdkqdk wm olwb Ykd ,favmufpm;Ekid v f v Ykd /J olwpYkd m; wJh xrif;vufwpfqkyfpmavmufuawmh tyef; rBu;D ygbl;/ b,fom;orD;rqdk auR;Edik yf gw,f/ 'gqdk&ifbmjyKvdkY rauR;Ekdifbl;vdkY ajym&wmvJ/ toufBuD;wJholawGtwGuf vdkcsif rufarmrIawGu tm;enf;qkwf,kwfoGm;ygNyD/ pm;csifpdwf 0wfcsifpdwf aysmf&Tifom,mcsifwJh pdwaf wGutp avsmeh nf;yg;vsm;oGm;ukeMf uNy?D 'D a wmh b mrS o d y f r vd k a wmh w J h tbd k ; tbG m ; awGtwGuf tyef;wBu;D bmawGjznfw h if;ay;zdYk vdkvdkYvJ? jznfhay;w,fqdkwm vdkaevdkY jznfhay; &wm? bmrSrvdk&if bmrSjznfhp&mrvdkbl;? wpf c k a wmh & S d w ,f [dk[mvdkcsif 'D[mvdkcsif [dk[mjzpfcsif 'D[mjzpfcsif arQmfvihfjcif;awG rsm;ae&ifawmh tvdku b,fawmhrSjynhfrSm r[k w f b l ; ? tvd k r &S d r S tvd k j ynh f w ,f w J h ? bkef;BuD;&[ef;awGtwGufa&m bmvdkvdkYvJ? qGrf;ouFef;ausmif;aq; 'D(4)rsKd;vdkw,f? 'g 'umujznh f a y;w,f ? wjcm;bmrS r vd k b l ; ? ]]orPokc}} qdkwm bmrSrvdk bmrSr&Sdwm omvQif &[ef ; wd k Y \ csrf ; omjcif ; ygwJ h ? &Sdaeyl&ao; r&SdrS csrf;omtppf&Ekdifw,f? rdtdkztdk qdkwmrSmvJ bmrSrvdkawmhoavmuf ygyJ? 'gaMumihf0rf;jznhfzdkYtwGufuav; xrif; wpfvkwfwpfcJavmufuawmh rauR;EkdifwJh om;orD;qdkwm b,fvm&SdrSmvJ/ 'gjzpf&if bmjzpfvdkY rdtdkztdkawG 'ku©a&mufaeMuovJ? tylawG ,lae&vdkYyg? ay;vdkY,lae&wJh tylawG&SdaevdkYyg? om;orD; awGu rdbawGukd tylawGay;aeygw,f? jyifO;D vGifrSmaewJhuRefawmfhnDrajymwm ajy;trSwf &vdkufrdygonf/ ]]rat rkq;kd r olb Y momol pdwaf t;

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A STUDY OF THE LAW OF KAMMA "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS odkYaomfvnf; ygPmwdygw tukodkvftusKd;tjywfr&Sdaomf vnf; aemifjzpfav&mb0ü &efolrsm;jcif;? xdk&eftwGuf pdwf'ku© aomujzpf&jcif;? BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;twGuf tydwftyif taESmifh t,S u f j zpf & jcif ; ponf h ur® y xrajrmuf a om 'k p ½d k u f \ tusKd ; tjypfwdkYudk odrSwfMu&\/ (2) igwdkYom;aumif&Sdaom awmodkYoGm;Murnf/ av;jrm;p onfwdkYudk jrefjrefjyifqifMuponfjzihf apcdkif;&müvnf; txufü azmfjycJo h nht f wdik ;f xdak wmü rnfonfo h m;aumifrQ r&cJv h Qif ygPmwd ygw um,uH tukodkvfrjzpf/ 0pD'kp½dkufomjzpfygonf/ (3) igwdkYom;aumif&Sd&m awmokdY oGm;rnf/ av;jrm;ponf pD&ifrnf/ om;aumifudkypfrnf/ zrf;rnf? owfrnfponfjzihf pdwfü BupH nfr?I BupH nfonfEiS fh wNyKd ief uf tukov kd u f r®yxajrmuf\/ tyg,f vrf;aMumif;ayguf\/ þtukokdvfuHonfum; Asmyg'tpGrf;tm;jzihf jzpf\/ um,uHajrmuf ygPmwdygw tpGrftm;jzihf jzpf&jcif;r[kwf yg/ um,uH? 0pDuH? tukodkvfwdkYonf um,'Gg&? 0pD'Gg&ESpfrsKd; pvH;k üvnf; jzpfEidk Mf u\/ raem'Gg&ü rjzpfEikd /f raemuH tukov dk o f nf 'Gg&oH;k yg;pvH;k üjzpfeidk o f nf/ raemuHuo k v kd o f nfvnf; 'Gg&oH;k yg; pvH;k wdüYk jzpfEidk o f nf[í l tbd"r®myd#uwft|omvdet D |uxm 132 wGif azmfjyygonf/ (*) ygPmwd y gwuH tusKd ; BuD ; i,f tqih f q ih f j zpf y H k (1) oDvpaom *kPfr&Sdaom wd&pämefwdkYudk owf&mü ydk;rTm; paom owå0gi,fwdkYudk owfrI tjypfenf;\/ <uufpaom owå0gwdkY udo k wfrI xdx Yk uftjypfBu;D \ xdx Yk ufBu;D onfxuf Bu;D ukeaf om owå0g (MuufiSufrS qifBuD; ig;BuD;rsm;txd) owfrItqihfqihf tjypfBuD;av onf/ (2) wpfenf;=vHkYvya,m*enf;jzihf owf&vQif tjypfrBuD;/ vHkYvya,m*rsm;pGmjzihf owf&vQif tjypfBuD;\/ (3) wpfenf;= avmb? a'go? rme? £óm paom udavom tm;enf;pGmjzihf owfrl tjypfrBuD;/ xdkudavomwdkY tm;BuD;pGmtajccH í owfrItjypfBuD;\/ owå0gti,ftBuD; ya,m*tenf;trsm;? udavomt&if;cH t,kwftvGefjzihf csihfcsdefí ygPmwdygwtjypfBuD; rBuD; a0zef&yg\/ vlwdkYudk owf&mü oDvr&Sdol vludkowfu tjypf rBuD;yg/ oDv&Sdol (ig;yg;oDvu tp oDv&Sdol) udkowfu tjypfBuD; \/ o&P*Hkwnfol/ o&P*HkoDvwnfol? vl? omraP? &[ef;? aomwmyefrS &[EÅmyk*¾dKvftxd owfrlum;? tmeEÅ&d,r[mtukodkvf *½kuHBuD;xdkufí tjypfBuD;onfhtavsmuf t0Dpdi&JokdY rkcsusa&muf\ [k tbd"r®myd#uwf t|omvdeD? oar®m[0dae'eD? t|uxmwdkYwGif azmfjyonf/ aus;Zl;&Sifrdcif? zcifwdkYudk owf&mü oDv&Sdr&Sd? tpGrf;tm; jzihf tusKd;ay;yHk? oDv&Sdjcif;wlaomf rwlaomf trdtzowfaom uHu tmeEÅ&d,jzpfavonf/ (C) rdpäm'd|d? or®m'd|dwdkYu owf&mü uHtBuD;ti,f tjypftBuD; ti,f j zpf y H k ,cktxufüjyqdkcJhNyD;aom taMumif;wdkYum; owftyfaom olwdkY twGuf uHBuD;uHi,f tjypfBuD;tjypfi,fwdkYusa&mufyHk a0zef azmfjycsufrsm;jzpf\/ qufvufí rdpäm'd|d? or®m'd|dwdkYu ygPmwd ygw paom tukodkvfjyK&mü uHtBuD;ti,f? tjypftBuD;ti,f jzpfyHk

17

wdkYudk jyqdkoihfrnfjzpfygonf/ (1) uH? uH\ tusKd;udkrodaom rdpäm'd|d (t,lrSm;aomol) onf olYtowfudkowftHh/ xdkol\ tukodkvfuHonf t&Sdeft[kefBuD; rm;\/ tjypfvnf;BuD;\/ tb,faMumihfenf;qdkygaomf ig\ owfrIonf rnfonfh tjypfrQ r&Sd[kvnf;aumif;? ig\ tjypfudk igwdkY\ bk&m;u cHonf[k vnf;aumif;? ,HkMunfcsuf trSwf"mwfcH&Sdxm;\/ xdkYaMumihf &uf&uf pufpuf jyif;xefaompdwfjzihf olYtoufudk owfaomaMumihf rdpäm'd|d ygPmwdygw tukodkvfonf t&Sdeft[kefBuD;í tjypfvnf;BuD;rm;av \/ Oyrmtm;jzihf tvGefyljyif;aom oHwHk;oHcJudk ylavmifrSef;rodbJ wtm;qkyfudkifaomolonf tvGefyljyif;aom 'Pfudk cH&í? BuD;rm;pGm aom temw&jzpfouJhodkY jzpfavonf/ (2) uH? uH\ tusKd;udk odaom or®m'd|d (t,lrSefaomol) onf olt Y oufuo kd wft?hH xdo k \ l tukov kd u f o H nf t&Sed t f [kef rBu;D rm;yJ tjypfrBuD;vSay/ taMumif;rSmum;? ig\ owfrIonf tjypf&Sd\/ tyg,fi&JrS rnfonfeh nf;ESirfh Q rvGwEf idk [ f al om todpw d "f mwf&o dS jzihf owfaomtcg qkwfqdkif; qkwfqdkif; jzpf\/ EHkYaES;aom pdwfjzpf\/ þodkYtm;enf;aompdwfjzihf owfxm;onfjzpfaomaMumihf or®m'd|d t,l&Sdol\ ygPmwdygw tukodkvfuHonf t&Sdeft[kefr&Sd/ tm;enf; í tjypfvnf;ao;i,f&jcif;jzpfavonf/ Oyrmum; tvGefyljyif;aom oHwHk;oHcJudk tvGefyljyif;onf[kodxm;aom olonf wdkYxd½HkrQ cyfzGzG udkifxm;í vTihfypfvdkufavonf/ xdktcg omrn tyl'Pfudk cH&í rD;avmifzkxd½Hk temw&jzpf½HkrQom jzpf&ouJhodkYjzpf\/ þum; rdvdE´yͧmygVdawmfüvmaom rdpäm'd|dor®m'd|d yk*¾dKvf ESpfOD;wdkY\ ygPmwdygw tukodkvfjyK&mü uH\ tBuD;ti,fjzpfyHk? tjypf\ tBuD;ti,fjzpfyHkwdkYyifwnf;/ rdpäm'd|dvlukdowfu wd&pämefudk owfyHkESihfwlyHk 'k|*f? rPdrif;BuD;onf rdpäm'd|daus;ukvm;wdkYESihf ppfwdkuf&m wGif vlaygif;rsml;pGm aoqHk;ysufqD;Muavonf/ xdkYtwGuf tjypfBuD; pGmjzpf&av\[k aemifwwzef ylyefaomua&mufav\/ xdktcg &[EÅmrax&fBuD;wdkYu 'dAÁpu©K? ,xmur®KyuÓPf jzih f ½I M unh f a vaomf ? aoaom vl w d k Y w G i f o&P*H k w nf o l vlwpfa,muf ig;yg;oDvomwnfolvlwpfjcrf;omyg\/ <uif;aom axmifaygif;rsm; pGmaom aus;ukvm; rdpmä wdu Yk m; wd&pämefEiS w fh u l ek \ f / vlwd&pämef axmifaomif;ESihf vlwpfa,muf wpfjcrf;omaoqHk;\/ xdkYaMumihf rif;BuD;aemifwwzef ylyefjcif;udky,fygavmh/ oihfrif;BuD;onf omoemawmfudk jyKpkxGef;vif;ap&vwåHU[k rdefYawmfrl Mu\/ vlwpfa,mufESihf wpfjcrf;twGufomtjypf&Sd\/ vlYwd&pämef aus; ukvm;rdpmä axmifaomif;twGuf tjypfrBu;D [k rdeaYf wmfral vonf/ 1/ o*¾ r *¾ E Å & ma,mp? ewd ¬ a w awe ur® K em/ 'd, ¹rEkZma0w¬? Cmwdum rEkZm"Dy/ 2/ o&aPok |d a wm {aum? yÍö o D a v yd p mya&m/ rdpäm'd|d p 'kóDvm? aoom yokorm rwm/ 3/ aZmw,d ó od ap0wG H ? A[k " m Ak ' ¨ o moeH / raem 0davcH wo®m wGH? 0daem', e&dó&/ (r[m0Ho) "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f / &ef u k e f N rd K U/

IN NOBLE ONE'S BIRTHDAY

18

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t*¾r[m*E¦0gpu y@dw? t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[mur®|memp&d, uav;0q&mawmf

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'Gdyd#u aum0d'? rlvtmbd"r®du? jrefrmEkdifiH e,fpyf awmifwef;a'o ax&0g' omoemh E k * ¾ [ toif ; BuD ; \ Mo0g'gp&d , ? v,f w D ur®|memp&d,tzGJU Ouú|? v,fwD'DyeDxGef;um;jyefYyGm;a&;tzGJU 'kwd,Ouú|? a&Twd*HkapwDawmf b@mawmfxdef; a*gyutzGJU\ Mo0g'gp&d,jzpfawmfrlaom v,fwDb'´EÅZm*&mbd0Ho uav;0 q&mawmf bk & m;BuD ; \ (69)ES p f a jrmuf a rG ; aeY 0d Z mwr*F v m tcrf;tem;udk tqdkyg 0gacgifvqef; (5) &uf (15-8-2010) we*FaEGaeYu r&rf;ukef;em*vdkPf*lbk&m;ukef;ajr uav;0awm& ausmif ; wd k u f B uD ; ü txl ; pnf u m; od k u f N rd K uf p G m qif , if u sif ; y cJhMuygonf/ azmfjyyg uav;0q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ (69)ESpfajrmuf arG ; aeY 0d Z mwr*F v mtcrf ; tem;BuD ; wG i f aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f v,fwb D '´EZÅ m*&mbd0o H r[max&f uav;0q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D tm; trSL;xm;í? wynh'f g,um'g,dumr taygif;wdu Yk tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k

anmif w k e f ; q&mawmf B uD ; ES i h f Ed k i f i H a wmf oH C mh r [m em,u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;? EkdifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; tygt0if yihfoHCmawmf q&mawmfrsm;? ausmif;wdkuf&Sd pmcsq&mawmfrsm;? pmoifom;&[ef;? omraP? tyg;aygif; (1200) ausmfwdkYtm; 0gqdk ouF e f ; rsm; quf u yf v S L 'gef ; MuNyD ; ? em*vd k P f * l e E´ r l & d y f o m&S d omoemhEG,f0if oDv&Siftyg; (230) wdkYudk vnf; 0gqdk0wfpHkrsm; vSL'gef;Muygonf/ &efukefNrdKU r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f bk&m;ukef;ajr tjynfjynfqdkif&m ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemjyK wuúodkvf teD;&Sd pG,fawmfjrwf apwDawmf y&d0kPftwGif; wnfaqmufvsuf&Sdaom csif;wGif;a'o*kPfaqmif ppfudkif; wdkif;udk,fpm;jyK ]]tEkwåa&m yk&do"r®om&wd}} trnf&Sd "r®m½HBk u;D twGuf tvSLaiGay;tyfyu JG v kd nf; ¤if;0dZmwr*Fvm qif,if&m tcrf;tem;Bu;D ESifh wqufwpyfwnf; usi;f y&m o'¨gMunfvif yg&rD&iS f olawmfpif tvSL&Siftaygif;wdkY pkaygif;xnhf0ifMuaom tvSLawmfaiG (692) od e f ; usyf u d k ouf q d k i f & m yk * ¾ d K vf r sm; vuf 0 ,f o d k Y ay;tyfvSL'gef;Muygonf/ xdkaeYu qif,ifusif;yaom v,fwDb'´EÅZm*&mbd0Ho r[max&f uav;0q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ (69) ESpfajrmufarG;aeY 0dZmwr*Fvm obifodkY <ua&mufcsD;jr§ihfawmfrlMuygukefaom EkdifiHawmf oHCmh r[mem,uq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;? EdkifiHawmf0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfBu;D rsm;ESifh yiho f C H mawmfrsm;? ausmif;wdu k &f dS &[ef; omraP? oDv&Siq f &muav;rsm; tygt0if tyg; (1300) ausmEf iS fh {nhyf &dowf wpf a xmif a usmf w d k Y t m; &ef u k e f N rd K U? a&T b H k o mvrf ; ? OD ; &moerf ; cspfwD;,m;(c) OD;&wemESihf rdom;pkwdkYu oD;pHk'HaygufqGrf;wdkYjzihf qufuyfvSL'gef; auR;arG;cJhygonf/ ]]jref r mjynf omoemord k i f ; ü yd # uwf x J r S ed A Á m ef o G m ;aom enf ; ud k v,f w D q &mawmf o m xl ; jcm; pG m awG U jrif a wmf r l N yD ; vuf a wG U usih f o H k ; awmf r l y gay\}}

IN NOBLE ONE'S BIRTHDAY "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ jref r mEk d i f i H omoemawmf ü xif & S m ;awmf r l c J h a om wd y d # u0d ' l b moEÅ & 0d ' l u0d w pf q l j zpf c J h a om t&S i f t m'd p ö 0 H o t&S i f j rwf u txuf a zmf j yyg tmobD 0 gpm axremuxmud k rdefYqkdawmfrlcJhygonf/ xdkv,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ tmemygeykAÁ*Fr 0dyóem y#dywdå"r®pufBuD; ckwfarmif;aom enf;udk tem*grfyk*¾dKvfBuD;[k xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aom q&moufBuD;u a&S;OD;pGm vufqkyfvufudkif ydkifydkifBuD; &&SdcJhonf/ xdkrSwqihf v,fwDwynhfpOfquf &&SdusifhoHk;vmcJhMu&mrS q&mBuD ; OD ; bcif ? q&mBuD ; OD ; *d k t if u mwd k Y \ vuf 0 ,f o d k Y qdkufa&mufcJhavonf/ ,cktcg q&mBuD;OD;*dktifumonf urÇmausmfv,fwDurÇmh 0dyóemenf;jy q&mBuD; wpfql jzpfvsuf xdkq&mBuD;udk trSDjyKí urÇ m ol urÇ m om;rsm;onf v,f w D 0 d y óemusih f p Of "r® w d k Y u d k usihfoHk;cGihf&&SdaeMuavNyD/ tvm;wl rH k & G m Nrd K U yxrv,f w D q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; 'k w d , v,f w D q &mawmf b'´ E Å Ó aPmbmo? rH k & G m Nrd K U ta&S U v,f w D w d k u f q &mawmf b'´ E Å 0 g,rmbd o D & d ? rH k & G m Nrd K U oajyyifawm&q&mawmf b'´EÅau0vmbd0Ho t&Sif jrwfBuD;rsm;\ enf;emedó,udk cH,lrSDjirf;jyKí v,fwD0dyóemy#dywdåvrf;pOfudk &efuek Nf rKd U r&rf;uke;f uav;0 awm&pmoifwu kd /f &efuek Nf rKd U? jynfvrf;? v,fwD0dyóem ur®|mef;ausmif;wdkuf y"meem,u q&mawmf? jynfaxmif pkzGm; wdkif;&if;om; &[ef;? omraP? oDv&Sif y&[dw omoemjyKq&mawmf j zpf a yaom t*¾ r [m *E¦ 0 gpu y@d w ? t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[mur®|mep&d,? 'Gdyd#u"&? 'Gdyd#uaum0d'? rl v tmbd " r® d u ? v,f w D u r® | mep&d , tzG J U Ouú | ? v,f w D b'´EÅZm*&mbd0Horax&fonf aumif;pGmod&SduRrf;usif? yg&*Fajrmuf a&muf&Sd&&Sdawmfrlavonf/ v,fwDb'´EÅZm*&mbd0Horax&fonf 'Gdyd#u"& t&nf taoG; uxm0w¬Kusrf;ESihf wuG tbd"r®m a&SUig;usrf;udk tm*Hkjyefqdk Ekdifonfh 0D&d,orm"dÓPf ponf\ tpGrf;owdåt&nf taoG;udk axmufcsihfygu v,fwD 0dyóemenf;udk odoltaygif;wdkYwGif ]olrwl wpfrlxl;jcm;aom yk*¾dKvf} jzpfonf[k cefYrSef;EkdifMurnfjzpfygonf/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf v,fwb D '´EZÅ m*&mbd0o H r[max&f onf v,fwD0dyóem ur®|mef;ausmif;wdkufü vpOf (7) &ufywf w&m;pcef;rsm;udk tBudrf (100) wdkifatmif zGihfvSpfí 0dyóem a,m*D o l a wmf p if taygif ; wd k Y t m; jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f \ w&m; a'oemawmfrsm;udk ygVdt|uxmenf;aygif;rsm;pGmwdjYk zihf wefqmqifí aeY p Of a [mMum;awmf rl & m xd k w &m;a'oemwd k Y u d k axmuf c sih f í a'oemawmf"r®ESihfpyfu ]]olrwl wpfrlxl;jcm;aomyk*¾dKvf}} jzpfaMumif; odrSwfMu&monf/ uav;0q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ 0dyóemw&m;pcef;rsm;ü a[mMum;aomw&m;rsm;onf omrnw&m;rsKd ;rk [kwyf g/ a,m*Doal wmf pifrsm;twGuf txl;ta&;ygaom w&m;rsm;jzpfaomaMumifh a,m*D olawmfpifwdkY tvkyfpcef;ajzmifhwef;atmif txl;a&G;cs,fpdppfí a[mMum;awmfrlaom 0daoow&m;xl;rsm;jzpfygonf/ &efukefNrdKU? jynfvrf;? v,fwDur®|mef;ausmif;wkduf v,fwD 0dyóem (7) &uf w&m;pcef;rsm;ü aeYpOfa[mMum;cJhaomw&m;rsm;udk

19

pkaygif;í v,fwD0dyóemusrf;pmrsm;tjzpf "r®'geusrf;pmtkyfBuD;rsm; udk yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJh&m ,cktcg tkyfwGJaygif; (16) tkyftjzpf xkwfa0NyD; jzpfygonf/ xdak eYpOf a[mw&m;usr;f pmtkyrf sm;rSm 0dyóembm0em"r®ukd wu,fwef; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwMf uol a,m*Doal wmfpifrsm;twGuf vdt k yf aom qE´? pdwå? 0d&d,? ynmwnf;[laom £'¨dygwfw&m;av;yg;wdkmYudk jri§ w hf ifaygufajrmufaponfuv kd nf; ud, k w f idk af wGUodMuol a,m*Dtrsm; tjym;&SdMuygonf/ a,m*D y k * ¾ d K vf w d k Y o nf w&m;"r® y G m ;rsm;tm;xk w f M u&if ; rS w&m;tm;xkwf&efqE´tm;enf;vmwwfMuygonf/ pdwf"mwfMuvm wwfMuonf/ 0D&d,avsmhenf;vmwwfMuonf/ xdkrS 0dyóemynm t&Sed yf suv f mwwfMuygonf/ xdt k cg qE´? pdw"f mwf? 0D&, d "mwf? ynm wdkY t&Sdeftm;aumif;vmatmif w&m;a[mMum;ay;Mu&ygonf/ xdktcg a,m*DwdkY\ oEÅmefü qE´paom £'¨dygwfw&m;rsm; tm;aumif;vm;Ny;D ? 0dyóemÓPftm;onfvnf; jrihw f wfvmavonf/ xdkYtwl owdy|meftm;jzihf owd? £a`E´? Adkvf? aAmZÑifw&m;rsm;/ or®yÜ "meftm;jzihf 0D&d,? £a`E´? Adkvf? aAmZÑifw&m; ponfhaAm"dyu©d,w&m; rsm;udkvnf; tm;aumif;atmif jr§ihfwifay;&ygonf/ ¤if;aAm"dyu©d,w&m;rsm; t&Sdeft[kef [efcsufnDvmcJhonf &Sad omf or®m'd|?d or®mouFy?Ü or®m0g,r? or®mowd? or®morm"dwnf; [laom yÍö*Øur*¾if 0dyóemÓPftqihfqihf jrihfwufvm&ayawmh onf/ þtcsuw f u Ykd kd txl;owdcsyí f w&m;pcef;rsm;wGif w&m;xl; udk txl;*½kpu kd í f a[mMum;MuzdYk vdt k yfaMumif;jzihf uav;0q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; vrf;ñTeG rf ed MYf um;ygonf/ v,fwD b'´EZÅ m*&mbd0o H uav;0q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D onf?

(1) oHo&mab;? b0\ tEÅ&m,f? urÇmhuyfqdk;BuD;rsm;\ tjrpf&if;jzpfaom avmb? a'go? arm[paom udavom'kp½dkuf tukov kd Ef iS t fh jypfwu Ykd akd zmfjyí? xdw k &m;qd;k ? tjypfq;kd wdrYk S vGwv f akd om qE´ ponfjzpfymG ;atmif Ed;I qGa[mMum;ay;onfuv kd nf; awGU&SUd &onf/ (2) oDv? orm"d? ynm odu©moHk;yg;ESihf aumif;jrwfaom tusdK;w&m;wdkYudkazmfjyí xdkw&m;aumif;w&m;jrwf? tusdK;xl;tusdK; jrwfwu Ykd kd &vdak omqE´rsm;jzpfymG ;atmif tm;ay;cs;D ajrm§ ufawmfro l nf/ (3) wpfcgwpf&H tukodkvfESihf tukodkvftjypf? ukodkvfESihf pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U (,ciftywfrStquf) uHomaqGrsKd; ]]oaAÁ owåm ur®AE¨L}} [laom ygXfü avmuü vlwo Ykd nf tvGecf spcf ifjrwfE;kd tm;ud;k tm;xm; jyKMu&aom trd? tb? tpfudk? nDom; tp&Sdaom aqGrsKd;Ówd? q&morm; tp&Sdaom rdwo f [m,rsm;onf &S\ d / xdÓ k wdrw d o f [m,rsm;onf raorDumv wcPüom cspf c if j rwf E d k ; tm;ud k ; tm;xm; jyK&mjzpf \ / rd r d w d k Y j yKMuaom um,uH r I ? 0pD u H r I ? raemuH r I o nf o mvQif aemufaemuf b0odkY ajymif; oGm;Mu&m rdrdwdkYoEÅmefrSm rauGruGm twlygí aumif;usKd;csrf;omudk ay;Ekdif\/ xdkYaMumihf 'ge? oDv? tp&Sdaom uHonfomvQif tvGef cspfcifjrwfEdk; tm;udk; tm;xm; jyKxdkufaom aqGppf rsKd;ppf o[m, tppfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf ]]oaAÁ owåm ur®AE¨L}} [lí a[mawmfrlonf/ oaAÁ owåm ur®AE¨L NyD;\/ uHomudk;uG,f&m ]]oaAÁ owåm ur®yÜ#dfo&Pm}} [laom ygXfü udk;uG,frIqdkonfum; tm;udk; tm;xm; jyKrI? 'ku©ab;wdkYrS uG,fum yk e f ; atmif ; &m jyKrI u d k qd k v d k o nf ? avmuü touf & S n f j cif ; ud k tvdk&SdMuukefaom vlwdkYonf xrif;a&pmudk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyKMu& ukef\/ xrif;a&pmonf vlwdkYudk iwfrGwfjcif;ab;rS uG,fumEkdif\/ iwfrGwfjcif;ab;udk rawGUvdkaom olwdkYonf xrif;a&pmudk vuf&Sd jyKMu&ukef\/ xrif;a&pm jynhfpHkpGm &Sdukefaom olwdkYü iwfrGwfjcif; ab; rvmEkdif? xdkYaMumihf owå0gwdkYonf iwfrGwfjcif;ab;twGuf xrif;a&pmudk ud;k uG,Mf u&uke\ f / xdt Yk wl tema&m*gtwGuf aq;0g; udk ud;k uG,Mf u&uke\ f / aq;q&mudk ud;k uG,Mf u&uke\ f / &efot l wGuf vufeufudk udk;uG,f&ukef\/ þenf;twl avmuü udk;uG,f&m cyfodrf;wdkYudk tukefarQmfav/ udk;uG,frI qdkonfum; &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIudkom qdkonfr[kwf? tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKrI? uG,f&mum&mjyKrI tvHk;pHkwdkYonf udk;uG,f&mrI csnf;yifwnf;/ bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm? q&morm;paom rdrdxuf jrwf aom olwdkYudkrlum; &Sdcdk; ylaZmfíyif udk;uG,fMu&ukef\/ ,ckb0ü

(Continue from last week) Sabbe satta- kammabandhuNow, there are parents, brothers, sons, relatives, teachers and friends whom we love and rely upon, but they can be loved and relied upon only for a short period, i.e., before our death. However, one's own physical, verbal and mental kamma are constant companions that accompany one and give happiness and prosperity to one in future existences. So the wholesome kamma alone is one's real relative or friend who should be esteemed and relied upon. Therefore the Buddha declares, "Sabbe satta- kammabandhu- " Sabbe satta- kammappat.isaran.aIn this phrase, "refuge" means reliance upon or taking shelter for protection against troubles and dangers. In the world, those who wish to enjoy long life have to rely upon food and drink. Food and drink protect persons from the danger of starvation. The danger of starvation cannot befall those who have sufficient food and drink. Similarly it is necessary to rely upon doctors and medicine for protection against ailments and diseases, and to rely upon weapons for protection against enemies; in the same way, all kinds of refuge are resorted to for different purposes.

"Refuge" does not mean only worshipping. It also has the meaning of reliance upon and taking shelter of protection as mentioned above. .

We take refuge in the Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha, teachers and those who are nobler than us by paying homage to them.

In this life, a man without property will soon get into trouble. Fearing that trouble, we have to rely upon kamma by doing such work as will give us money and property.

Lack of wholesome kamma will lead to the lower worlds where one has to suffer grievously. Fearing such suffering, one has to perform wholesome kamma which can lead one to be reborn as man or deva in the existences to come. The present kamma of working with knowledge and wisdom can save us from danger

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. ypönf;Opöm r&SdcJhvQif cPjcif; 'ku©a&mufwwf\/ xdk'ku©rS aMumufMu ukeo f jzihf ypön;f Opömwdu Yk kd &apEkid af om vkyrf ?I aqmifr?I todtvdrrf m? ÓPfynm[laom uHut kd m;ud;k Mu&uke\ f / 'ge? oDv? paom ukov kd f uHrsKd; r&SdcJhvQif aemufb0ü tyg,fodkY usí 'ku©BuD;pGm a&mufwwf Mu\/ xdk'ku©rS aMumufMuukefojzihf aemufb0ü vlYtjzpf ewftjzpf udk ay;Ekdifaom 'ge? oDv tp&Sdaom ukodkvfuHudk tm;xkwfMu&ukef \/ vkyfrI? aqmifrI? todtvdrfrm ÓPfynm[laom ypöKyÜefuHrIonf ypöKyÜef'ku©rS u,fwifEkdif\/ 'ge? oDv? tp&Sdaom ukodkvfuHrIonf aemufb0ü tyg,fusjcif; 'kur© S u,fwifEidk \ f / ,ckb0 'kut © wGuf ypöKyÜefuHtrIudk tm;udk;Mu&ukef\/ aemufb0 tyg,f'ku©twGuf 'ge? oDv? tp&Sad om ukov kd u f t H rIukd tm;ud;k Mu&uke\ f / tm;xkwí f vkyfaqmifMu&ukef\/ xdkYaMumihf ]]oaAÁ owåm ur®yÜ#do&Pm}} [lí a[mawmfrl\/ þt&mü ud;k uG,&f m trsK;d rsK;d wdu Yk kd pkaygif;í ppfaq;&m\/ aemuf b 0twG u f ud k ; uG , f & m 4 yg; Ak'¨bmomü aemufb0twGuf udk;uG,f&m 4 yg; &Sd\/ (1) bk&m;onf ukd;uG,f&mwpfyg; (2) w&m;onf ukd;uG,f&mwpfyg; (3) oHCmonf ukd;uG,f&mwpfyg; (4) 'ge? oDv tp&Sdaom rdrdwkdYjyKMuaom ukokdvfuHonf ukd;uG,f&m wpfyg;/ tema&m*g&S d o l w k d Y t m; uk d ; uG , f & m 4 yg; Oyrmum;- avmuü tema&m*g&SdolwkdYtm; ukd;uG,f&m 4 yg;&Sd\/ (1) q&m0efBuD;onf udk;uG,f&mrS wpfyg;/ (2) aq;aumif; 0g;aumif;rsm;onf udk;uG,f&m wyg;/ (3) vufaxmuf q&m0efrsm;onf udk;uG,f&mwyg;/ (4) xdk 3 yg;udk ,HkMunfí tema&m*g aysmufNidrf;wJh&efae&mus tm;xkwfaom rdrdwdkY tvdrfrmrIonf udk;uG,f&mwyg;/ xdk 4 yg;wdkYwGif q&m0efBuD;onf¤if;? vufaxmufq&m0ef

in the present life, and the wholesome kamma such as almsgiving and morality can save one from the lower worlds in the future existences.

We have a rely on the present kamma of working for avoiding dangers in this present existence. We have to rely on the wholesome kamma also for a voiding suffering in the lower worlds in future existences. The Buddha therefore preaches, "Sabbe satta- kammappat.isaran.a-" Herein we should analyes several kinds of refuge.

There are four kinds of taking refuge for the future.

(1) Taking refuge in the Buddha.

(2) Taking refuge in the Dhamma. .

(3) Taking refuge in the Sangha.

(4) Taking refuge in one's own wholesome kamma.

For example, there are in this world four kinds of refuge for sick persons.

(1) Refuge in a chief doctor (2) Refuge in good medicine (3) Refuge in assistant doctors (4) Refuge in following their directions with faith.

Of the above mentioned four refuges, the chief doctors and the assistants, are the refuge of the patient as they are capable of prescribing good and suitable medicines for particular diseases. The medicine is the refuge of the patient in that it can cure him of his disease. The patient's sensible action in following the directions are also his refuge as without such action on his part, the other three refuges would be ineffective for the cure of the disease. So all the four are the real refuges of the patient.

Those who commit evil deeds and indulge in sensual pleasure resemble sick persons. The Buddha resembles the chief doctor who is expert in curing diseases; the monks resemble the assistant doctor and the Dhamma resembles the medicine. The physical verbal and mental wholesome kamma resemble the sensible action of the patient in following the directions.

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

rsm;onf¤if;? aq;ESihftema&m*gudk ae&mwus odí aq;aumif; 0g;aumif;udk ay;onfhtwGuf olemwdkY\ udk;uG,f&m rnfukef\/ aq;aumif; 0g;aumif;rsm;onf tema&m*gudk aysmufNidrf;apwwf onft h wGuf olemwd\ Yk ud;k uG,&f mrnf\/ rdrw d Ykd tvdrrf mrIonfvnf; tema&m*gaysmufNidrf;&ef aus;Zl;jyKrIjzpfayí udk;uG,f&m rnf\/ xdktvdrfrmrI r&SdcJhvQif <uif;aom udk;uG,f&m 3 yg;wdkYonf xdkolem \ tema&m*gudk aysmufNidrf;atmif rwwfEkdifMuukef? xdkYaMumihf xdk 4 yg;pkonf tema&m*gaysmufNidrf;jcif;iSm olemwdkY\ udk;uG,f&mcsnf; trSefjzpf\/ udavom'kp½du k f trdu k ef m&SMd uukeaf om owå0gwdo Yk nf tem a&m*g&SdMuukefaom olemwdkYESihf wlukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aq;0g; t&m tema&m*gwkdYü tvGefvdrfrmaom q&m0efBuD;ESihf wl\/ oHCm awmfrsm;onf vufaxmufq&m0efrsm;ESihf wl\/ w&m;awmfrsm;onf aq;aumi;f 0g;aumif; rsm;ESihfwl\/ 'ge? oDv tp&Sdaom rdrdwdkYjyKMu aom um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHrsm;onf tema&m*gaysmufNidrf;wJh&ef tm;xkwfMuaom olemwdkY\ tvdrfrmESihfwl\/ þodkYvQif Ak'¨bmom ü udk;uG,f&m 4 yg;qdk½dk;&SdMuukef\/ xdk 4 yg;wdkYwGif bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm? [laom udk;uG,f&m 3 yg;onf bk&m;omoemwGif;ü om &SdMuonef/ bk&m;omoemrS tyü r&SdMu? ukodkvfuHwnf;[laom udk;uG,f&monfrlum; bk&m; omoem wGif;üvnf;&Sd\/ bk&m;omoemyüvnf; &Sd\/ avmuüuHESihf uif; uGmaom tcg[lí r&Sd? pMu0Vm teEÅwdkYü &Sd\/ ]oaAÁ owåm ur®ó um}} [laom þa'oemawmfonfvnf; omoemwGif; omoemy pMu0Vm teEÅ w d k Y E S i f h ouf q d k i f a om a'oemjzpf \ / xd k Y a Mumih f þa'oemawmfü bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm [laom udk;uG,f&m oHk;yg;udk rqdkrlí uHwnf;[laom udk;uG,f&mudk qdkayownf;/ þum; ,ck b0 ü vdrrf mMu&eftwGuf aemufb0ü aumif;&mjrwf&modYk a&mufMu &eftwGufESihf udk;uG,fMu&aom udk;uG,f&mXmeBuD; av;yg;wnf;/ ud k ; uG , f & mXme qd k o nf u m; u,f q ,f E d k i f a om ol u d k qdo k wnf;/ xdaYk Mumihf xrif;a&pmonf touf&n S &f ef twGuf owå0g wd\ Yk ud;k uG,&f mjzpf\/ aq;0g;"mwfpmonf temaysmufNird ;f &eftwGuf pmrsuf E S m 9 rS udk EdIuf,lMuNyD; rD;usD;zkwfí pm;Muavukef onf/ iSufOrsm;jzihf ravmufri? r0aom tcg iSufi,frsm;udk owf,lum zkwfuifpm; aomufMuavukefonf/ yxrt&G,f? 'kwd, t&G , f ? ypd ä r t&G , f þt&G , f o H k ; yg;vH k ; ü iSufOrsm; iSufi,frsm;udk EdIuf,lzkwfuifí pm;Muavukef\/ t&G,foHk;yg;wdkYwGif wpfck aom t&G,fürQ rarGUavsmfjcif;odkY ra&mufMu bJ ESpOf ;D pvH;k yif &owPSm? umr*kPu f kd vdu k f pm;í aysmfyg;arGYavsmfcJhMuonf/ bk&m;&Sifu aAm"drif;om;\ a&S; twdwrf aumif;rItukov kd u f u H kd azmfjyawmfrl í ]rif;om; oifonf xkpd Oftcg t&G,f oHk;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;aom t&G,fü ZeD;r,m;

In this way, there are four kinds of refuge. The three . refuges of the above four, i.e., Buddha Dhamma, and San gha exist only during Buddhasa-sana. They do not exist outside it.

The refuge of wholesome kamma exists both within and outside the Buddhasa-sana. We can never be free from kamma which is operating all the time in this universe as well as in other innumerable universes.

This discourse of "Sabbe satta- kammappat.isaran.a-" is also applicable to all the universes both within and outside the Buddha-sa-sana. It is for this reason the refuge of kamma alone and not the three refuges this discourse.

These are the four kinds of refuges to rely with a view to acting wisely un this existence being reborn in happy existences.

Saran.am,usually translated "Refuge", means that which can save give support or protection. Thus food and drink are the support of beings for ling life. Medicine and diet are the support for the cure of diseases. Kings or rulers are protection against the danger of decoits and robbers. Buildings are the refuge for living com fortably and safely. Boats and steamers are for sea and riverine voyages. The earth is for support; simi larly water, fire and air are the supports for repective purposes. In this way, there are numerous refuges in this existence. This is the exposition about the different kinds of refuge.

(To be continue)

udk;uG,f&mjzpf\/ rif;pdk;&mZmonf cdk;olk? "g;jy? uif;Nidrf;&eftwGuf udk;uG,f&mjzpf\/ tdrf&mwdkufwmonf taetxdkif csrf;om&eftwGuf udk;uG,f&mjzpf\/ avSoabFmonf a&aMumif;c&D;twGuf udk;uG,f&mjzpfonf/ ajrBuD;onf wnf&mrSD&mtwGuf udk;uG,f&mjzpf\/ xdkYtwl a&onf a&udpötwGuf rD;onf rD;udpötwGuf? aumif;uifü oGm;aomavonf avudpötwGuf udk;uG,f&mjzpf\/ þodkY tp&Sdojzihf ,ckb0 udk;uG,f &mXmei,frsKd; tvGefrsm;jym;\/ þum;Ak'¨bmom tvdktm;jzihf tm;udk;&mXmersKd;rsKd;udk jyqdkjcif;wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

ESihf wuG rarhavsmhjcif;udk tu,fí a&mufcJh vQif rarhravsmhaom t&G,fü ,ckb00,f om;aomfvnf;aumif;? orD;aomfvnf;aumif; jzpfxGef;av&m\/ xdkodkYr[kwf oifwdkYESpfOD;wGif wpfOD; OD;u tu,fí rarhavsmch v hJ Qif xdrk arh ravsmh oludk tpGJjyKí om; orD;jzpfxGef;&m\/ rif;om; rdrdudk,fudk cspftyfaom ol[l [í l odaomolonf t&G,foHk;yg;wdkYüyif ukokdvfw&m;wdkYü rarhravsmhbJ rdrdukd,fudk apmihfa&SmufoihfvS\/ þodkY t&G,foHk;yg;vHk; ü apmihaf &Smuf&ef rpGr;f Ekid v f Qif wpfyg;yg;aom t&G , f ü rl v nf ; {uef y if rd r d u d k , f u d k apmihfa&SmufoihfvS\[lí a[mMum;awmfrlNyD; qufvufí twåmeaÍö yD,HZnm? &au©,s? eH ok&ud©wH/

wdPÖH tnw&H ,mrH? y#dZa*¾,s y@dawm/ ]rif;om; a&SUaemuf pOf;pm;qifjcif wwf a om tod Ó Pf & S d a om ynm&S d o nf ud, k u f kd avmutv,fürdru d , kd u f kd cspt f yfol [lí tu,fí odjrifjim;tHh? xdkrQonf rdrd udk,fudk ypöKyÜefwrvGef ESpfwefb0? ab;rc rus a&muf&avatmif aumif;pGmapmihaf &Smuf &\/ t&G , f o H k ; yg;wd k Y w G i f wpf y g;yg;aom t&G , f ü 'k p ½d k u f j rLrwif a tmif ok w f o if &Si;f vif;&m \/ þw&m;a'oem ed*;kH tqH;k 0,f aAm"d r if ; om;onf aomwmywd å z k d v f ü wnf a v\/ qd k u f a &muf v mMuaom y&d o wf w d k Y v nf ; w&m;awmf \ tusKd ; ud k aumif;pGm&&SdcHpm;Mu&onf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) usrf ; ñT e f ; - r[mAk ' ¨ 0 if

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; tyd k i f ; ) tcgwpfyg; olemy&EÅwikd ;f (igwdaYk cwf rif;bl;a'o[l\) 0gPdZu Æ &GmBu;D rS r[mykPÖrnfaom ukefonfBuD;wpfOD;onf aemufyg vSnf;om;ig;&mwkdYukd ac:vsufuom0w¦djynfodkY ukefa&mif;ukef0,fudpöjzihf c&D;xGufcJhMu\/ xkdom0w¦djynfokdYa&mufaomfxkdom0w¦d\awmifbuf taemuf,Gef;,Gef;&Sd awmtkyfBuD; twGi;f 0,f vSn;f pcef;cs &yfem;Muavuke\ f / ¤if;um; aZw0efausmif; awmfodkYoGm;&mvrf;wnf;/ om0w¦djynfoljynfom;trsm;wdkYum;u/ eHeuftm½kPOf ;D üvnf; qGr;f tkyu f , dk pf jD zihf ¤if;wdt Yk yg;rSyif oGm;vm Muavukef\/ c/ ae\rGe;f vwfcsed üf vnf; xked nf;twdik ;f vQif ¤if;wdt Yk eD;rSyif oGm;vm Muavukef\/ */ naejcrf;üum; yef;eHYom qDrD;rsm; vufukdifxm;vsufu oGm;Mu vmMuavuk e f \ / wpf & uf v nf ; r[k w f ? ES p f & uf v nf ; r[k w f &ufqufwnf;/ wpfa,mufvnf;r[kwf? ESpfa,mufvnf;r[kwf tokwfvkduf tkyfvkdufwnf;/ xkdpOf r[mykPÖ awGUzefjrifzefrsm;vmvwfí ar;av&mtarmif avmu0,fbk&m;qkdonfrSm yGihfay:íaeygacsNyD/ w&m;qkdonfrSmvnf; yGihfay:íaeygacsNyD/ oHCmqdkonfrSmvnf; yGihfay:íaeygacsNyD/ xdktaMumif; wpfaphwpfapmif;avmufrQ tarmif rodav a&mhovm;vnf;rod? þodkYvQif tajzay;Muavukef\/ r[mykPfum; a&S;yg&rDxl;BuD;\ EdI;qGrIaMumihf bk&m;[laom toH Mum;vkduf½HkrQjzihf yif ausmvHk;zsef;rQ MuufoD;rsm; xMuavukef\/ zl;vdkrIqE´tm; wzGm; zGm; xap\/ þpdwfjzihfyif xdky&dowfwdkYaemuf aumufaumufygvdkuf jzpfcJh&acsNyD/ þpdwfjzihfyif bk&m;xHawmfarSmuf a&mufcJh&acsNyD/ bk&m;&Sifonf.... uRwfxdkufol a0ae,sr[kwf odjrifekdifpGrf;aom oAÁnKw ÓPfawmf? uRwfxdkufolum;rSef\ rnfonfhp½dkuf rnfonfhtBudKuf[k odEkdifpGrf;aom oAÁnKwÓPfawmf? p½du k u f m; udu k \ f rnfonfah 'oempOfEiS rfh S vdu k rf nf[k odEidk f

pGrf;aom oAÁnKwÓPfawmf? xdkoHk;csufwdkYjzihf csihfudkufawmfrlum w&m;a'oemawmf a[mMum;awmfrlNrJjzpfjzpf&m ,aeYum; r[mykPfodkY &nfñTef;í a[m& rnfah eYaywnf;/ xdkr[mykPfodkY wdkuf½dkuf&nfñTef;aom w&m;awmfum; 1/ 'geuxm oDvwnfoo l Ykd ay;vSLpGeBYf ujJ cif;\ tusK;d Bu;D us,yf pkH um;?

2/ oDvuxm udk,fwkdifoDvwnfjcif;u omíyif tusKd;BuD;jrwf yHkpum;?

3/ umrmeHtm'De0uxm umr*kPfcHpm;aeol\ tjypfBuD;av; yHkpum;?

4/ aeu© r ® m ed oH o uxm umrrS vG w f a jrmuf v mol \ tusKd ; BuD;rm;yHkpum;?

5/ o*¾uxm vlYb0xuf ewfb0u omvGefjrihfjrwfyHkpum;?

6/ r*¾uxm ewfb0xuf r*f&olu omvGefxl;jrwfyHkpum;? uxm xdk tEkykAdÁu uxmac: tpOfwdkif;a[mNrJpum;? a&SUodkYom xGuf tñGefYwufapaom pum;awmf ajcmufcGef;wdkYyifwnf;/ bk&m;&SifyGihfxGef;awmfrlp omoemOD;umvwkef;u xdkpum; awmfajcmufcGef;wdkYudkvQif bk&m;&Sif EIwfcGef;quftm;jzihf a[mMum;NrJ jzpf&m r[mykPfudkvnf; xdkpum;awmf ajcmufcGef;jzihfyif EIwfcGef; qufawmfrlvdkufjcif;wnf;/ pum;awmfajcmufceG ;f onf rnfoEl iS rfh Q rvdu k rf xdu k [ f í l r&S/d pum;awmfajcmufceG ;f onf tjrihx f uf wufvo kd w l ikd ;f rvdu k f rxdkuf[lí r&Sd/ r[mykPfonf u/ w&m;awmf \ *k P f y k H í ,H k M unf o G m ;awmh o nf u wpfaMumif;/ c/ bk & m;&S i f \ *k P f y H k í ,H k M unf o G m ;awmh o nf u wpfaMumif;/ o'¨gpdwftwnfh olYü &SdoGm;&um; bk&m;&SifESihf aemufygoHCmawmfrsm;tm; eufjzeft½kPfOD;0,f rdrd\ vSnf; pcef;csem;&m awmtkyfodkY <ua&mufí qGrf;tvSLcH <ua&mufawmfrlyg&ef zdwfMum;\/ bk&m;&Sifonfvnf; qdwfqdwfaeawmfrljcif;jzihf oabmwl aMumif; jyoawmfrlvdkufacsonf/ r[mykPo f nf y&dowfwEYkd iS t fh wl jyefvmcJNh y;D aemuf rdrpd cef; odkY a&mufoGm;onfESihf vSnf;vQifvSnf;csif; r@myftoGif pD&ifjcif;jzihf 'gewif;ukyfjyKvkyfMuacs\/

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

aemufwpf&uf t½kPfwufwGifum; bk&m;&SifESifh aemufygoHCmawmfwdkYtm; rdrdESihfwuGaom vSnf;om;ig;&mwdkYu qGrf;uyfvSLjcif;trIudkvnf; jyKMuukef\/ bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;aom w&m;awmfwdkYudkvnf; twlwuG em,lMuukef\/ xdkw&m;yGJüvnf;... bk&m;&Sifonf xdkEIwfcGef;quf tEkykAdÁu pum;awmfajcmuf cGe;f udo k m a[mawmfr\ l / oaE¨pNJG y;D om;tm; arG;zGm;ay;vdu k jf cif;wnf;/ o'¨g,Hkí r[mykPf o&P*kHwnfoGm;acsNyD/ þavmu0,f þbk&m;rSwpfyg; tjrwfqHk; txG#fqHk; tomqHk;[lí tjcm; ür&SdNyD/ þw&m;rSwpfyg; tjrwfqHk; txG#fqHk; tomqHk;[lí tjcm; ür&SdNyD/ þoHCmrSwpfyg; tjrwfqHk; txG#fqHk; tomqHk;[lí tjcm; ür&SdNyD/ xdkodkY pdwf0,f owfrSwf qHk;jzwfvdkuf\/ xd&k wemwdo Yk nf rdrad rQmv f ihq f J avmuDpnf;pdr&f wemtm;vH;k wdkYxuf tqomvGef jrihfjrwf\[lí wpfxpfcs owfrSwf\/ xdkowf rSwfcsufESihftwl xdk&wemrsKd; rdrdü tNrJudef;wnf&ef qE´tm;vnf; wzGm;zGm; jyif;jyvm\/ qE´tm; jyif;jyvmaomf armif;&moGm; xm;&maeap&m& aocsmpdwfcs&NyD/ odrYk [kwf &Jwif;jcif; 0D&d, pdwf0ifpm;jcif;pdwå ÓPfoGm;jcif; 0drHowdkY vdkufvmacsNyD/ odkYaMumihf.... bk&m;&SiEf iS fh aemufygoHCmawmfrsm; <ucsaD wmfro l mG ;onfEiS fh wNydKifeuf... rdrd&Sd ypönf;t&yf&yf nDplVykPfvufodkY tyfvdkuf&ef rSmMum; \/ rdrdonfum; bk&m;wynhfcH &[ef;0wf&efvnf; [efjyif\/ odkYESihf....r[mykPfukefonftjzpfrS r[mykPf &[ef;b0 a&mufcJh& acsNyD/ xdk&[ef;awmf r[mykPfonf bk&m;xHrS w&m;enf;emcHum usihf\/ odkYwapvnf; tusihfrSqihf todyGihfrvm/ rdrda'oESihfrwlndaom &moDOwk\ yltkdufrI'Pfudk rcHEkdif aomaMumihf rdrda'oxGuf tm[m&rsm;uJhodkY nufaom tm[m& rrSD0J& aomaMumihf pifppf oyÜg, ckepf0wdkYonf w&m;&Smorm;twGuf r&Sdrjzpf aom y&du©&mrsm;wnf;/ odkYESihfyif.... u/ rdrEd iS fh OwkabmZe ponf oyÜg,rQrnfh rdr&d yfxH jyef&ef? c/ rdr&d yfxaH &mufu trSm;vnf;uif; tusO;f vnf; jzpfaom w&m;½Ienf; ay;oem;&ef.... bk&m;&Siftm; awmif;yefavQmufxm;av&m bk&m;&Sifonf enf;ray;rD þodkYvQif ppfar;awmfrlcJhygacs\/ cspfom;....

okemy&EÅ wdkif;qdkonfrSm p½dkufqdk;oGrf; udk,fEIwfMurf;aom rkqdk;wHig rdvu©KwdkYae&momjzpfacs\/ tu,fwdwd xdkae&ma&muf xdkolwdkYu aESmufaomtm;jzihf oihftm; qJa&;wdkif;xGmrI jyKacsaomf oif b,fvdk oabmxm;rnfenf;... rSefvSyg bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; u/ þolwdkYonf igYtm; EIwfjzihf qJa&;wdkif;xGmrI jyK½Hk omjyKMuao;\/ udk,fxdvufajr§uf raESmufao;ojzihf awmfMuygay onf[lí pdwf0,frck csD;usL;rIyif jyKygrnfbk&m;... aumif;NyDcspfom;.... tu,fwdwd ½dkufykwfowfn§if; udk,fygyif;vQifaum oif b,fvdkoabmxm;rnfenf;... rSefvSyg bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;... c/ þolwdkYonf igYtm; ½dkuf½Hkom ½dkufMuavukef\/ toufaoonftxd rn§if;qJMuao;[lí csD;usL;&rnfyif jzpfygonf bk&m;/ tu,fww d d toufaoonftxd n§i;f qJvQiaf um cspo f m; */ rS e f v S y g bk e f ; awmf B uD ; aom &S i f a wmf j rwf b k & m; t&Sifbk&m;\ om;awmfwdkYrSm... þcE¨mBuD;um;.... rowDp&m pufqkyfp&m &GHrkef;p&m oHk;q,fhESpfyg;aom tzdkY tpkwdkYjzihf puf[yfaygif;pkxm;&m udk,faumifBuD;rQom jzpfjcif;aMumihf tjypfvnf; ruif; om,mESpfoufp&mvnf; tvsOf;r&Sd? þodkY ouf0if,HkMunfum olwpfyg;wdkYudkvQif tcay; towfcdkif;Mu &ukefao;\/ igYrmS um; aiGuek af Mu;us rrsm;? tvum;yif owfjzwfay;Mu ayonf[lí oabmxm;um þolwdkYudk aus;Zl;yif wifygrnf bk&m; xdktcg bk&m;&Sifonf oHk;cGef;aom om"kwdkYjzihf aumif;csD;jyKawmfrl vsufu xdk r[mykPf\ pdwfoabmxm; ajr§mufpm;awmfrlacs\/ xdkYaemuf cspfom;... u/ jrif & m Mum;&m ponf wH c g;ajcmuf a yguf w d k Y u d k owdrjywf tapmihftMuyfxm;avmh/ cspfom;...xdkowd\ teD;tyg;wdkYrS jzwfoef;oGm;vmMu ukefaom... c/ tm½Hkudkvnf;aumif;? tm½Hkwdkuf&m wHcg;udkvnf;aumif;? tm½H k t wd k u f E S i h f t cH wH c g;tMum;wd k Y & S d jzpf y suf v I y f & S m ;rI r sm;ud k vnf;aumif; igaumiftae igYOpömtaejzihf cHpm;jcif; tvsOf;r&SdapbJ? igydkiftae igudkiftaejzihf NiduyfwG,fwmjcif; tvsOf;r&Sdap bJ ½kyfemrfwdkY\ xdkjzpfysuf jrifoxuf jrifomvmatmif ½Iavmh/ */ cspf o m; xd k t jzpf E S i f h t ysuf w d k Y xif o xuf x if jrifoxufjrifaom xdkcP pdwfonf cdkem;p&m ynwfr&Sd y&rwf wnfhwnfhodkYom qdkufa&mufoGm;vsufu . . . jzpfysufjrifodae&mrS jzpfysufr&Sd&modkY a&mufvwåHU? þodkY jzpfysufcsKyfqHk; ½kyf"mwfemrf"mwf vHk;vHk;r&Sdawmhjcif;onfyif 'ku©\ tqHk;aywnf;/ tusihf\ vrf;qHk;aywnf;/ þodv Yk Qif bk&m;&Sio f nf enf;uvnf; tusO;f ? trSm;uvnf; uif;apaomenf;udk csD;jr§ihfay;oem;awmfrlvdkuf&m

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ r[mykPfvnf; xdkenf;jzihfyif t&[wåzdkvfayguf &[EÅm tjzpfodkY a&muf&acsNyD/ þonfum; omoemjyKwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;wnf;/ txufyg zGihfqdkcsufrsm;onfum; omoemh0efxr;fom;wdkY tm;usp&m bk&m;&SifESihf vufrDS om0uBuD;rsm;\ pdwfoabmxm;rsm;ESihf omoemjyKoGm;MuyHkrsm;yif jzpfygacs\/ ¤if;wdu Yk kd enf;rSv D suu f omoemjyK0efxrf;om;wdo Yk nfvnf; 1/ Murf;wrf;aom p½dkufvu©Pm&Sdaom a0ae,srsm; udk rdrd&Sd El;nHhaom p½dkufudk xkwfEkwfjyjcif;jzihf El;nHhaom p½dkuf&Sifrsm; tjzpfodkY wGef;ydkYay;&m\/ 2/ ,kwfnHhaom p½dkufvu©Pm&Sdaom a0ae,srsm;udk rdrd&Sd jrihfjrwfaom p½dkufvu©Pmrsm;udk xkwfjyvsufu tnHhrS taumif;odkY ajymif;vJay;wwfMu&m\/ 3/ wGefYwdkaom p½dkufvu©Pm&SifwdkYESihfawGUvQif rdrd&Sd &ufa&mpdwfudk xkwfjyvsufu twGefYrS tvGefYodkY ajymif;vJay;wwfMu &m\/ 4/ vd r f u spf a om p½d k u f v u© P m&S i f r sm; jzpf y grl rd r d & S d opömpum; trSefwnhf ajymMum;wwfjcif;rsm;udk xkwfjyvsufu taumufrStajzmihfodkY ajymif;vJay;wwfMu&m\/ odkYr[kwf.... u/ rdrdukefypönf;udk brf;wifjyxm;jcif;jzihf olYxH&Sd aiG udk odrf;,lwwfMu&m\/ c/ ud k , f h x H & S d aiG r sm;ud k xk w f j yjcif ; jzih f v nf ; ol Y x H & S d ukefypönf;udk vJ,lwwfMu&m\/ þenf;onf rD;udk a&jzihfNidrf;owfay;onfh omoemjyK aywnf;/ þenf;onf &TUH udk a&ESiu fh ikd v f suu f ½kyv f ;kH azmfay;enf;wnf;/ omoemh0ef tm;oGefBudK;yrf; xrf;vdkvwfaom 0efxrf;om; wdkYonf tMunhrf mS ; tjrifrmS ; toGm;rSm;[laom trSm;oH;k csuq f ihw f Ykd udk... rdrd rdrdwdkY&Sd tMunhfrSef tjrifrSef toGm;rSef[laom txm;oHk;csufwdkYjzihf tpm;xdk;vsufu rSef&mbufxJ wGJac:EkdifMuygapukefownf;/ Murf;wrf;EIwfudk,f olxGufqdk EIwfcsKdudk,fxGuf&m? ol,kwfrmpdwf olYxHtdyf udk,fhpdwfolaumif;om?

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25

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0D&d,? ynm ponf aAm"dyu©d,w&m;rsm; t&Sdeft[kefjzihf jrihfwuf atmif vIHYaqmfa[mMum;onfudkvnf; awGU&onf/ r[mum½k P d u H e mxH ? aO,som*&yg&*H k / 0aE´ e d y k P *rÇ d & H ? 0d p d M we, a'oeH / O'gef;t|uxmq&mBuD;u jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifa[mMum;awmfrl aom a'oemawmfudk (1) edykPe, e,- odrfarGUaomenf;/ (2) *rÇd&e, e,eufeJaomenf;? 0dpdMwe,- qef;Mu,faomenf;wdkYjzihf jynhfpHkaMumif; csD;usL;awmfrlcJhonhf enf;emtwdkif; v,fwDb'´EÅ Zm*&mbd0Horax&f jrwf\ w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;rSmvnf; (1) ow owå- teuft"dyÜm,f aumif;yg&Sdjcif;/ (2) oAsÍÆe- acsmarmajyjypfuspfvspfaumif;rGefaom pum; 0gusyg&Sdjcif;/ (3) au0vy&dykPÖ- y,fEIwfp&mr&Sdatmif bufpHkjynhf0jcif;/ (4) y&dok'¨jA[®p&d,yÜumou mou- pifMu,foefY&Sif; tjypfuif;onhf jrwfaom y#dywfusihfpOfudkom OD;wnfjyxm;jcif; [lonhf w&m; aumif; vu©Pmt*Fg (4 ) wefESihf jynhfpHkatmif txl;*½kjyK a[mMum; xm;aom "r®a'oemusrf;pmrsm;jzpfygonf/ uav;0q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D v,fwb D '´EZÅ m*&mbd0o H rax&f jrwfonf pG,pf o kH moemjyKy*k Kd¾ vw f pfyg;jzpfonfEiS t hf nD? ¤if;OD;wnfazmf aqmifawmfrlaom t"d|mefwdkYudk atmufazmfjyygtwkdif; rMumcP azmfjyawmfrlavh&Sdygonf/ t"d | mef (1) opfwpfyifaumif; iSufwpfaomif; taygif;ighaMumihf at;aprnf/ / t"d | mef (2) igonf vlZmwf? igonf jrwf\/ ig jrwfaomol? igodkYolum; igwum;[k? igrSm;igBudKuf? igrvkdufwnhf? igBudKufigrsdK;? ighwefcdk;jzihf? ighrsdK;ihgaqG? ihgwdkif;jynfESihf? ihgajrurÇm? ihgcE¨mjzihf oligaumif;usdK;? aqmifonfydk;rnf igrsdK;igZmwf jrwfaprnf/ /

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TALKS ABOUT THE TRUE STORY

26

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TALKS ABOUT THE TRUE STORY "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumihf bk&m;&Siu f ]rmwm,xm ed,yH w k å rm,kom} ponf jzihf arwåmokwfwGif a[mxm;yg\/ taronf wpfOD;wnf;aom om;tay:ü xm;aom arwåm pdwrf sK;d uJo h Ykd cyford ;f aom owå0gteEÅwt Ykd ay:ü twkid ;f t&Snf uif;y rsm;jym;vSaom arwåmpdwfxm;Mu&ef a[mawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ tarpdwfeJY ajzodyf&onf pmtkyfuav;onfvnf; rdcif wpfa,mufonf om;orD;tay:rSmxm;wJh arwåmrsKd;eJY owå0gtm;vHk; wdkYtay:ü xm;ap&ef a&;xm;aompmtkyftESpfcsKyfjzpfygonf/ ,ckwpfzefvnf; taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf acgif;pOfjzihf a&;& jyefNyD/ u&ifBuD;od&if tazhtwGuf a&;ygOD;bk&m;[k avQmufxm;av rvm;[kyif pOf;pm;aerdawmhonf/ tar&JU arwåm"mwfawG b,frQ ysHUESHYaeygovJvdkY odcsifvQif oifudk,fwdkif tm;&yg;& tara&vdkY ac:Munhfvdkufyg/ tarqkdwJh pum;vHk;av; ESpfvHk;om&Sdayr,fh ac:vdkuf&wJh t&om[m tjcm;pum;vH;k awGeYJ wlr,frxifyg/ tar[m touf&adS e pOfrSm rMumrMum tarvdkY ac:ae&í trIrJh? trSwfrJh jzpfvdkY t&om cHpm;rI rjynhpf v kH Qio f m &Srd ,f? tarr&Sw d hJ tcsed u f sawmh tarvdYk ac:& wJh t&om *kPfawGu ydkí xif&Sm;vmygvdrfhr,f/ taru om;a& orD;a&vdkY ac:jcif;cH&wJh om;orD;wdkY[m tarh toHudk cHpm;Munhf&if ESvHk;rSm jynhf0pGm cHpm;&ovdk jzpfoGm;yg \/ 'g[m tar\ pum;oHxJrSm xnhfoGif;ygvmwJh arwåm? apwem wdkY\ xdawGUwdkufcwfrIaMumihfjzpf&wJh &vm'fwpfckyg/ t&om wpfck yg/ usef;rma&;raumif;wJhtcg qif;&J'ku©a&mufwJhtcgrsKd;rSm ]tar&,f u,fygOD;} [k pum;wpfvHk; atmf[pfoHk;vdkuf&onfhtcg a&m*ga0'emeJ Y qif ; &J r I a wG [ m ouf o moG m ;w,f / aysmuf oG m; w,f[kyif xif&wm? tar&JU *kPfwpf&yf&,fyg? 'gaMumihf vnf; qif;&J'ku©a&mufwJhtcgrSm tarvdkY wolawGrsm;Mujcif;jzpfyg onf/ odkYaomfvnf; ]cvkwfxdrS trdw} wm rsKd;awmh rjzpfoihfyg/ tarqdkwm qif;&Ja&mufrS ]w} ae&wmrsKd;xuf rdrd&JU pdwfxJrSm tarpdwftNrJ&SdaezdkY vdktyfyg\/ tar&JUpdwfawG rdrdrSm xHkrTrf;xm;ae zdkY tNrJvdktyfyg\/ ruse;f rmwJh om;av;&JU ezl;jyifukd tarh&UJ vuf0g;av;wifNy;D yGwfoyfay;vdkufjcif;[m a&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;\ aq;aumif;wpfcGuf yg/ tar&JU um,uH? tar&JU 0pDuH? tar&JU raemuHawG[mvnf; om;twGuf t&omjynhf0wJh [if;aumif;wpfcGufyg/ om;twGuf tm;opfwkd;yGm;p&mawGcsnf;yg/ r&Sdrjzpfaom tvdktyfqHk;aom tarh arwåm&,fyg/ tar[mvnf; om;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfcsufawG jznfhay; ae&jcif;rsKd;om tjrwfEdk;qHk; tauseyfqHk;t&myg/ tarcsufauR;aom [if;vsmrsm;onf qD? qm;? i½kwf?

MuufoeG ?f &omrGejf rwfwmawG rygvQif aeygap tarhvuf&m [if;vsm rSm csKdNrdefaumif;jrwfaeygonf/ arwåm u½kPm apwem tepfemwdkY ESihf a&marTcsufxm;vdkYyg/ om;udk auR;arG;vdkwJh aZmeJY arwåmaESmvdkufonfhtcg teDa&mifoef;aewJh aoG;rS jzLazG;oGm;&wm tarh&JU jzLpifoefY&Sif;wJh arwåmaMumihyf g/ arwåmtumt&HatmufrmS aygufzmG ;vmwJh om;av; udk jzLazG;aom EdkUcsKdaoG;udk yxrqHk; wdkufauR;apcJhwm taryg/ tar &JU arwåmjzLpifrIudk tarhEdkY&nfMunf jzLjzLazG;av;u axmufcHaeyg onf/

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pma&;oli,fpOfu awGUcJhzl;onfrSm rdcifwpfa,muf[m BuD;rm;aom a&m*ga0'emudk jyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&onf/ tpmtm [m&onfyif rpm;raomufEikd af om tqiho f aYkd &mufaeonf/ tm;tif uvnf; csdeJYaeNyD/ olrrSmvnf; EdkYwdkufae&wJh om;i,f&Sdaeonf/ rdcifonf a&m*ga0'emwpfckudk jyif;xefpGm cHpm;aecsdefwGif om;i,fonf tar&JU EdkYpdkYzdkY csOf;uyfvmawmhonf/ rdcifonf EdkYpdkY& atmifvmwJhom;av;udk EdkYrpdkY&atmif vufjzihfwm;íxm;vdkufonf/ wu,fawmh olronf a&m*g'PfeJY tm;tifr&SdbJ EdkYwdkuf&rnfh'Pfudk tcHEkdifawmhwJh tajcodkY a&mufaejcif;aMumihfomjzpfygonf/ odkYayr,fh om;uav;onf taruEdkYrpdkY&atmif wm;jcif;udk vufrcHyJ tusÐvSefí EdkYpdkYzdkYBuHawmh rdcifonf rwm;jrpfawmhyg/ EdkYcsKd wdkufauR;í ausmjyifudkyGwfay;avonf/ yxrtBudrf wm;ayr,fh 'kwd, tBudrfusawmh rwm;&ufwm tar&JU arwåmtpGrf;tm;yg/ rdcifonf om;av;udk EdkYcsKdwdkufauR;NyD; tqHk; rMumrD tcsdef ydkif;twGif;rSm b0ed*Hk;csKyfoGm;wmudkjrif&awmh pdwfESvHk;rSm ,lusHK;r& jzpf&avonf/ þjzpf&yfudk pma&;ol oHk;oyfMunhfrdonfhtcg tar&JU pdwf "mwf *kPfj'yfawG xif[yfpGmay:vGifaeygonf/ wu,fawmh rdcif[m a&m*ga0'em jyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae& onf/ rpm;Ekdif? raomufEkdifjzpfí cE¨mudk,fuvnf; tm;r&Sdawmhyg/ 'DMum;xJ &SdwJhaoG;av; om;udkay;vQif &ifwGif;u yljyif;wJha0'em jyif;xefonfxuf jyif;xefpGm cHpm;&rnfudk rcHEkdifaom tajctaeodkY a&mufaeí EdkYpdkY&atmifvmwJhom;udk vuf0g;uav;eJY wm;jcif;omjzpf ygonf/ 'Dtcsufudk uav;ayrdkY rodao;yg 'kwd,rdÜ EdkYpdkYzdkY&ef tm;xkwf jyef a wmh arwå m ES v H k ; om;yd k i f & S i f tar[m rwm;&uf a wmh y g/ tomuav; EdkYcsKdwdkufauR; ausmyGwfay;vdkufjcif;[m tar&JU arwåm yg/ om;twGuf oufq;kH wdik f tNyKH ;rysuf tm;jznfh ay;vsu&f w dS m tar ygyJ/ ,if;wdkYum; tar&JU pdwf"mwf? jrihfjrwfwJh arwåmawGyg/ tMuifemawG tepfemawG? tm;jznfah y;rIawG[m tarwdik ;f &JU ESv;kH om; jzpfyg\/ tarwdkif;&JU ESvHk;om;rSm udef;0yfaeyg\/ taronf om;u olwpfyg;udk owfzdkY BuHpnfwmudkodvQif r& &wJhenf;eJY wm;jrpfwwfNyD; rdrdudkowfr,f qdkvQifawmh a&SUwdk;í Zufxdk;cH&Jwwfonf/ rdrdESihf ywfoufvmvQif yxrwpfBudrfawmh wm;jrpfwwf\/ 'kw, d tBurd q f v kd Qif tarpdwef YJ jzpfoyd Nf y;D EIwyf w d af ewwfonfrmS tar &JU tepfemcHrIyg/ Oyrm om;utdrrf mS &Sw d hJ qefav;tuke, f o l mG ;rnfqv kd Qif [Jh aumifav; igYrSm tJ'D qefav;yJ&Sdwm/ eif,loGm;vQif igYrSm pm;p&m r&Sdawmhbl;/ r,leJYvdkYawmh ajymwwfonf/ 'gayr,fh om;u wm;r&bJ ,loGm;ygu om;,loGm;vnf; igrpm;bJ aewmaygY[laom tarpdwf jzihf rwm;jrpfyJ ay;vdu k jf cif;rsK;d yg/ tarpdwef YJ ajzodyv f u kd jf cif;jzpfyg\/ rtDrom ylqmazsmif;zs aMumihfMu&Sdcdkuf udk,fvHk;[dkufvnf; zufydkuf&ifcGif a&SUwGifvnf;xm; ½IarQmfyg;í om;\ ½kyf&nf oDwmrnf om; a&Munfcsrf;ajrU wpfaygufusu rdbwdkY0rf; Nidrf;pwrf;wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) (Ak a '¨ g &o- t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , ) (aAm"d&dyfNidrfawm&-arSmfbD)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

28

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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wuúwGef;rsm; (Oyrm- OyuwuúwGef;BuD; atmif aeYpOf qGrf;0wfjyKykHav; ajymjytkH;r,f? pmrsuf E S m 11 rS rsm;pG m jA[® m ES i h f jA[® P vl w ef ; pm;wd k Y ponf) y&dAÁmZuac: t,l0g' vSnhfvnf apmapmxNyD; qGrf;? qGrf;[if;csufw,f? qGrf; [if;uawmh wpfyg;pmtwGuf? qGrf;uawmh vufatmufwGif aecJhMu&jcif;rS ½kef;xGuf NyKd i f q k d i f a eMuol r sm;? tjcm; orPac: wpftyk t f jynhaf yhg? qGr;f [if;u uk, d o hf rD;csuf jcif;jzpfonf/ bmoma&;awmfvSefrIBuD;rsm; yk*¾Kdvfrsm;? jA[®Prsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwdkY onf Ak ' ¨ j rwf p G m yG i f h a y:vmaomtcg Ak ' ¨ E S i h f wJ[ h if; ,lavmif;wmr[kwb f ;l ? naeuwnf; [kvnf; qkdEkdifonf/ w&m;aqG;aEG;bufrsm;? t,l0g' zufNyKdifol u aps;oGm;NyD; tom;? toD;t&Gufukd ukd,fh ½k y f 0 g'rsm;tm;aumif ; xk d t csd e f w G i f ½k y f 0 g'rsm;vnf ; rsm;? tuRrf;0ifolrsm;? ul;vl; qufqHolrsm; yifpifaiGeJY0,fw,f? ukd,fwdkifcsufw,f? reuf rSm ukd,fwkdifavmif;w,f? wpfcgwpf&H orD;u ay:aygufvmMuonf/ ]],aeY a ysmf a ysmf a e jzpfvmMuonf/ t&S i f o m&d y k w å & mES i h f t&S i f tom;[if;wpfcGuf OD;csz,fxm;wwfw,f? yg? eufjzefaovdrfhrnf}} Enjoy Life TotJ'[ D if;ukd reufrmS toD;t&Guef YJ a&maESmNy;D morrow you will die [laom aqmifyk'fukd arm*¾vmefwdkYonf Ak'¨bmomokdY ul;ajymif; pm;csipf zG,f pDraH vmif;vSLw,f? tJ'g reufyikd ;f vufukdifxm;olrsm;jzpfMu\/ vlYavmuukd cJhaom y&dAkdZfrsm;jzpfMu\/ t&Sifokb'´ onf okcbkHtjzpf ½Ijrifolrsm;jzpf\/ b0[lonf y&deAd mÁ efpt H q hH q J J rdepfyidk ;f tvkw d iG f jrwfA'k x ¨ H jyKwJh qGrf;0wfayhguG,f/ pma&;ol/ / aeYpOf qGrf;0wfjyKEkdifwmudku ykcufESihf ocsKØif;twGif; rSmom&Sd\/ aovQif tajy;tvTm; a&muf&SduRwfwef; 0ifcJhaom tusK;d aus;Zl; renf;ygbl;uG,?f &[ef;oHCmwdYk b0jywf \ / wrvG e f r &S d / aemuf b 0r&S d / y&dAkdZfjzpf\/ tjcm;&[ef;rsm;? &[ef;rrsm;?

Ykd nfvnf; ajrmufjrm;pGm qGrf;tm[m&ukd rSD0J&rS? usef;rm touf&Snf b0onf ypöKyÜefwnhfwnfhrSmom&Sd\/ ypöKyÜef Oygoum? OygouDwo Mu&r,f? cGeftm;Av jynhf0 ½kyf&nftqif; b0uk d &&S d c k d u f cH p m;&rnf / þrnf a om &Sdygao;\/ txl;ojzihf yd # upmayü ed * @ vSyvmMur,f? qmavmifrIaysmufuif;vdkY ½kyfMurf; 0g'ukd ukdifpGJxm;onhftiftm;pkrSm Ykd nf tdE, d´ 'óee,fy,fü em#yk w å q &mBuD ; tjzpf azmf j yxmaom csrf;omvmMur,f? y&d,wf? y#dywftvkyfwdkY rao;vSay/ olwo yg&S a d om umrok c v’ u d mEk a,m*tus iw fh nf;/ r[m0D&onf orkdif;0ifjzpf\/ Ak'¨xuf 13 ukd vkyfaqmifEkdifvdkY ÓPfynmwdk;jrihfvmMu r,f? wpfcgwpf&H aiGtajrmuftjrm; tukef ,if ; tusih f o nf pm&f 0 u*k d P f ; om;wd k Y \ ES p f c ef Y a pm\/ ,aeY w k d i f td E ´ d , Ek d i f i H ü Zd e 0g' (Jainism) tjzpf xif xif & S m;&Sm; tuscNH y;D qGr;f auR;wmxuf aeYpOf qGr;f 0wfjyK tusiafh ywnf;/ wnf &SdaeqJjzpf\/ tcsKdUae&ma'orsm; wGif ygVd yd # uwd k Y ü awG U &S d & aom Ek d i f w mu &[ef ; oH C mawG t wG u f yd k N yD ; d¦ &mBu;D 6 OD;wd\ Yk t,l0g'wdo Yk nf vnf; Ak ' ¨ b momxuf y if tif t m;aumif ; aeqJ taxmuf t yH h j zpf w ,f ? tm[m&qk d w mu wdwq aeYpOfvt dk yfaew,f? qGr;f ? qGr;f [if; rrQw&if ½kyf0g'yifjzpfayonf/ ¤if;wdkY\ t,ltqt& jzpfonf/ uk o d k v f r &S d / tuk o d k v f r &S d / uk o d k v f ork d i f ; \awmif ; qk d c suf tqifrajyvSygbl;av/ þodkY t,l0g'rsm;? *kdPf;*P rsm; oli,fcsif;/ / ukd,fuawmh qGrf;csufNyD; tuk o k d v f w d k Y \ tusKd ; ouf a &muf r I r &S d / f iG f Ak'j¨ rwfpmG uyfvSL&wmukd 0goemygw,f? ukd,fhZmwd vl a wG o wf í **F g jrpf B uD ; jynh f a tmif tawmrowf ay:aygufaecsed w zk d Y a omf v nf ; tj y pf r &S d / tvS L B u D ; tvS L av; yG i f h a y:cJ h o nf / acwf p um;t&qk d a omf uav;NrKd U jyef a &muf w k e f ; uvnf ; nD t pf r ESpaf ,muf qGr;f csuu f yfvLS Muw,f? uav;NrKUd ponhf aumif;rIawGjyKaomfvnf; aumif;usKd; ork d i f ; \awmif ; qk d c suf ? acwf u mv\ rSm ukd,fhrr&JUtdrfrSmwnf;w,f? nDtpfrESpf bmrSr&/ vlonf trdtzwdkY\ okufaoG;rS vdktyfcsuft&yifjzpfonf/ t|uxmq&m a,muf ukd,fwkdifaps;0,f? udk,fwkdufcsufjyKwf jzpfaom owå0grQomjzpf\/ xkdowå0gonf BuD;rsm;url ]]umv? 'Dy? ukv? rmwk? tm,k}} [l a om Munh f j cif ; BuD ; ig;yg;uk d Munh f í ukd,fwdkifoGm;a&mufNyD; rdbrsm;ukd;uG,fqnf; aoNyD;aemuf bmrSrjzpfawmh/ Ak ' ¨ y G i h f a wmf r l j cif ; jzpf o nf [ k qk d M uonf / uyfcJhwJh q&mawmfukd uyfvSLMuw,f? ukd,f awmxG u f a omacwf u mv þacwf \ xl ; jcm;csuf r S m awm qif j cif M unf h v Qif tqk d E S p f c k twl w l y if &efuek jf yefawmh rrwpfa,mufxnf; rcsuEf idk f wmeJY qufNy;D qGr;f ruyfjzpfawmhb;l wJ?h &efuek f xG u f j cif ; jzpf \ / jA[® P vl w ef ; pm;wd k Y \ jzpfaMumif;odEkdifayonf/ rSmawmh aeYpOf wpfyg;pm qGrf;[if;eJYqGrf; bmoma&;csKyf u k d i f r I u k d qef Y u sif v monf bmoma&;ork d i f ; BuD ; us,f p G m ajymif ; vJ ES i h f t rQ uk d , f h u k d , f u k d tm;uk d ; aomt,l jrwfAk'¨ yGihfay:vmaomtcg Ak'¨\ wpftkyfyJ avmif;vSLEkdifygw,fuG,f? pma&;ol/ / 'guvnf; qGrf;tusKd;&yg tqwdkYvnf; tNyKdiftqkdif ay:vmMu onf/ tewå0g'onf tdE´d,bmoma&; orkdif;ü w,fuGJU? tenf;trsm;ay:rSm tusKd;ay;wm b0vG w f a jrmuf a &; (ed A Á m ef ) twG u f ES p f a ygif ; axmif c sD í tjrpf w G , f a e aom jAm[®PwdkY\ twå0g'ukd vkH;0 qefYusifonf/ r[kwfygbl;? apwem o'¨gw&m;tay:rSm ukd,fxlukd,fxjyK&rnf/ todw&m;ukd ukd,fykdifwnfaqmuf Ak'¨0g't& zefqif;&Sifr&Sd? zefqif;&Sifr&Sdojzihf tusKd;ay;wmyg? qGrf;tvSL&Sif[m ouf&Snf? &rnf / tod w&m;&&Sda&;twGuf b0taESmif zef q if ; cH o wå 0 gvnf ; r&S d / aumif ; rI qif ; vS ? csrf ; om&? Av? ÓPf y nm?

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p&mrvdk pdwfygvufygvkyfaqmifwwfMuolu trsm;pkyg/ ukov kd t f usKd ;jzpfymG ;apwJh aumif;rI vkyfief;awGrSmawmh wdkufwGef;ajymqdkaeonhf Mum;u rvkyfcsifrudkifcsif? taMumif;trsdK;rsdK; jyNyD; a&Smifz,fysif;&dwwfMuolrsm;twGuf &nf&G,fxm;[efwlygw,f/ arwå m yG m ;usd K ;q,h f w pf r sd K ; jyqdkcJhNyD;wJh tusdK;*kPftiftmedoif azmfusL;xm;wJh trTe;f pum;&yfyg ]okcH okywd}csrf;ompGmtdyfpuf&\qdkwmeJY ]ygyH udÍöd e yówd}-tdyfrufqdk;rsm; rjrifrruf&qdkwJh arwåmyGm;rsm;olrsm &&SdcHpm;&rJh tusdK;ESpfyg; tjyif tjcm;tusdK;w&m;rsm;vnf; usef&Sdae ao;aMumif; ]]{0rm'd*P k al ywH}} [laom pum; t& odjrif&ygw,f/ arwåmtusdK;q,hfwpfrsdK;udk {um' o*Fkwå&ygVdawmf? 0de,yd#u (0d- 5- 249) wdkYwGif jyqdka[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ tusdK; wpfckcsif;pDudk tenf;i,fpDwifjyay;vdkufyg w,f/ 1/ arwåmyGm;olü at;csrf;&TifMunf wnfNird af ompdwjf zpfymG ;aeaomaMumihf arwåm ryGm;ol vlomrefwdkYuJhodkY a[mufjcif;? vl;vSdrfh jcif ; r&S d ? ormywf 0 if p m;aomyk * ¾ d K vf y rm wnfNidrfoufom ]]csrf;ompGmtdyfpuf&\}} 2/ tdyfpOfu csrf;ompGmtdyf&aom aMumifh Edk;aomtcgüvnf; nnf;wGm;jcif;? wGev Yf rd jf cif; paom azmufjyefrrI &Sad omaMumihf yuwd ]]csrf ; ompG m Ed k ; &wwf \ }} 3/ wnfNidrfat;jraomudk,f&Sdae aom xdkarwåmyGm;olü "mwfajcmufjcm;jcif; paom azmufjyefrrI &Sad omaMumihf ]]raumif; aom tdyfrufqdk;rsm;vnf; rjrifruf&ay}}/ 4/ owå0gwdt Yk ay:rSm cspjf rwfE;kd vsuf &Sdaeaom arwåmyGm;aeol\ arwåm"mwfrSm "mwfckdufvsuf&SdaeaomaMumihf arwåmyGm;ae oltm; ]]vl w d k Y u vnf ; cspf M u\/}} 5/ vlwdkYu cspfcifaeovdkyJ ]]ewfwdkY uvnf; cspfcifMu? jrwfEdk;Muonf jzpfyg \/ 6/ þodcYk spcf ifjrwfE;kd MuaomaMumihf ]]ewf w d k Y u apmih f a &S m uf M u\/}} pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

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"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ &[ef ; onf xd k q if u d k a usmif ; üxm;cJ h u m opfoD; &SmxGufcJhonf/ xdk&[ef; ausmif;odkY jyefra&mufrDwGifyif qifrSm aoESihf\/ &[ef; ausmif;odkY jyefa&mufí ¤if;\ arG;pm;om; qifaoESiNfh yu D akd wGUjrifaomtcg 0rf;enf; yuf vufjzihf jyif;xefpGm idka<u;av\/ xdt k csed üf odMum;rif;onf vljY ynfukd iHkYMunhfaomf &[ef;\ tjzpfudk awGUjrif\/ xdkYaMumihf þ&[ef;udk owday;rS jzpfrnf[k qHk;jzwfvsuf &[ef; oDwif;oHk;&m ausmif; ocFrf;txuf aumif;uif,Hü &yfwnfum &[ef;tm;taMumif;csi;f &mudak r;\/ &[ef;u vnf; tjzpfrSefudkajymjy\/ xdktcg odMum; rif;u ylaqG;aeaom &[ef;tm; ,ckuJhodkY usKd;aMumif;jyíaqG;aEG;onf/ avmuü rsm;pG m aomol w d k Y r S m aoNyD;oludkvnf;aumif;? aotHhqJqJoludk vnf;aumif; ,if;wkdYtwGuf ylaqG;idka<u;Mu \/ jrnfwrf;Mu\/ rsuf&nfjywfaom aeY[l ír&Sd/ xdkvkyf&yfwdkYtm; olawmfaumif;w&m; yG m ;rsm;ol w d k Y u tusKd ; r&S d a om vk y f & yf [ k owfrw S \ f / xdaYk Mumihf oif tid&k yfyg[k qd\ k / &[ef;onf odMum;rif;\ owday;a[majym csufudk csufcsif;yif oabmaygufojzihf tidk wdwfum odMum;rif;tm; aus;Zl;pum;qdk\/ (uREfkyf\ &ifonf ylaqG;aomu aMumihf axmywfoGef;avmif;aom rD;uJhodkY ylavmif\/ ,ck xdktylonf oif odMum;rif; wd k u f a uR;aom w&m;a&at;tNrd K uf a q; aMumihf tylord ;f í Nird ;f at;cJNh y/D uREykf \ f &ifü pdkuf0ifpl;epfaeaom aomuwnf;[laom ql;udv k nf; oifoMd um;rif;u Ekwyf ,fay;cJNh y/D toif\ aus;Zl;w&m;u Bu;D rm;vSygayonf)/ xdkodkY aus;Zl;pum;qkdNyD;onfhaemuf wpfquf wnf;yif xdk&[ef;u odMum;rif;udk (aemuf aemif ,ckuJhodkY idk,dkjcif;trItm; rnfonfh tcgrS rjyKawmhyg[k uwday;vdkufavonf/) Zmwfaygif;vQif ,ckomraPi,fonf a&S;tcgu qif i ,f ? ,ck & [ef ; BuD ; onf a&S ; tcgu qifi,fudk awmrS ac:iifí ausmif;üarG;jrL xm;cJah om &[ef;? ,ck igbk&m;rSm a&S;tcgu odMum;rif; jzpfczhJ ;l ayonf[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrl ygonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; ud k ; ig;&mh i g;q,f aomr'wå 0 w¬ K (anmif u ef q &mawmf b k & m;)

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