DV21-08

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

pmwnf;csKyf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

pdwz f p d ;D rIukd "r®enf;jzihf ajz&Si;f Muyg

3

,aeYvlom;tm;vHk;onf pm;? 0wf? aea&; paomtaMumif;wdkYaMumihf aexGufrS ae0ifonftxd aeYpOf aeYwdkif; tvkyfç vkyfaeMu&onf/ tvkyfvkyfMu&mü tqifajy acsmarmrI&Sdovdk? tqifrajy tcuftcJrsKd;pHkwdkYESihf awGUBuHK&onfrsm;vnf; &SdaeMuygonf/ xdkwGif tqifajyrIESihfawGUBuHK&aomtcg ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufrI yDwdaomreójzpf&onf/ tqifrajyrI tcuftcJESihf awGUBuHK&aomtcg pdwfzdpD;rIcHpm;Mu&onf/ xdkpdwfzd pD;rIonf udk,fpdwfESpfyg;udk qif;&JapwwfNyD; rdrdtvkyfudkyif vkyfvdkaom pdwfqE´r&Sdwwfawmhyg/ qif;&Ja0'em cHpm;ae&ygonf/ b0udk t½HI;ESihf&ifqdkifae&oljzpfygonf/ pdwfzdpD;rIudk vlom;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkY oabmusESpfoufonfhtwdkif; ausmfvTm;avh &SdMuygonf/ xdkwGif trSm;&Sdovdk trSev f nf; &Syd gonf/ rSm;aom enf;jzihaf usmv f mT ;rdygu pdwcf sr;f omrIukd r&onft h jyif pdwq f if;&Jru I kd yg jyefvnfcpH m;&rnfjzpfygonf/ rSefaom enf;vrf;jzihfausmfvTm;ygrS tjypfuif;aom csrf;omjcif;rsKd;udk cHpm;Mu&ygrnf/ rdrdausmfjzwfaomenf;vrf;onf tjypfuif; ruif;ukd ykxkZOfvlom;rsm;tzdkY oHo,jzpfEkdifygonf/ odkYtwGuf Ak'¨vrf;ñTef aomenf;udk odNyD;usihfoHk;wwf&ef vdktyfvS ygonf/ avmuvlom;wdo Yk nf tvkyw f iG f a&m b0wGiyf g zdp;D rIukd BuKH awGUcHpm;Mu& onfrmS "r®wmjzpfygonf/ xko d Ykd zdp;D &jcif;wGif taMumif;&if;rsm;pGm &Sdygonf/ zdpD;rIonf rdrdwdkYvkyfudkifaqmif&GufrI tay:wGif oufa&mufaom t"dutaMumif; jzpfygonf/ zdpD;rIwGif tjyKoabmaqmifaom aumif;usKd;vdkvm;aom pdwfzdpD;rIESihftysuf oabmaqmifaom raumif;usKd;udkjzpfap aom pdwfzdpD;rI[lí (2) rsKd;&Sdygonf/ aumif;aompdwfzdpD;rIonf vlom; wdkYtm; &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifa&mufatmif? t&nftaoG;wdk;wufatmif wGef;tm;ay; wwfaom b0pdefac:rIrsm;ESihfwlojzihf vlom;wdkYtm; aumif;usKd;jzpfapygonf/ tzsufoabmaqmifaom pdwfzdpD; rIrsm;u pdwfudkomru vlom;wdkY\ cE¨mudk,fudkyg Ncdrf;ajcmufrIjyKaeygonf/ pdwfzdpD;rIwGif pdwfonf y"me usvS ygonf/ pdwf\obm0onf tm½Hkudkodwwf aom obm0? tm½Hkudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½Iwwfaomobm0&Sdaeygonf/ tbd"r®menf;t& pdwfonf apwodufwdkYESihftwl jzpfç wnfç csKyfNyD; tm½kH,lMuonf/ ,if;pdwf? apwoduf wdkY\ arGUavsmf&mw&m;[lonf tqif;trsKd;rsKd; toHtrsKd;rsKd; teHYtrsKd;rsKd;? t&omtrsKd;rsKd;? tawGUtxd trsKd;rsKd;ESifh pdwfjzihfBuHpnfcHpm;aom tm½HktrsdK;rsKd;wdkYjzpfygonf/ xdpk w d o f rd o I bm0wGif rSwrf ½d o kH d aom onmod? trSm;trSet f xdoad om ynm od? tqif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGUtxd?

BuHpnfrI? tm½Hkwpfckckudk &atmif,laom 0dÓPfod[lí (3)rsKd;&Sdygonf/ pdwftm½Hk tod t& avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? £ó? rpä&d,ponfh tukodkvfapwodufwdkY\ zdpD;rIrsm;onf pdwfqif;&JrIESihf raumif;rI tusKd;cHpm;&aom zdpD;rIrsm;jzpfygonf/ aumif;rIt&mü o'¨g? oDv? okw? pm*? ynm? [D&d? MowåyÜ[laom olawmfaumif;w&m; ckepfyg;jzihf vTrf;NcHKxm;aom zdpD;rIjzpfyg onf/ xkEd pS cf u k kd EdiI ;f ,SOMf unhyf gu tukov kd zf pd ;D rIonf zdp;D aeqJtcdu k f tukov kd jf zpfjcif;? zdp;D cH&jcif;taMumif;onf tukov dk u f kd tajccHíjzpfjcif;jzpfí tusKd;ay;aomtcgü raumif;usKd;ay;wwfygonf/ ukodkvfuH zdpD;cH&jcif;onf zdpD;aeqJtcdkufü ukodkvfudk tajccHíjzpfaomaMumihf aumif;usKd;ukdomay;ygonf/ xdkYaMumihf pdwfzdpD;rItcuftcJudk ausmfvTm;&m0,f rrSefuefaomenf;jzihf ausmf vTm;jcif;[kqdktyfaom avmb? a'go? rme w&m;wdkY yl;wGJt,SOfuyfrcHbJ rSefuefaom enf;jzihf ausmfvTm;jcif;[laom o'¨g? owd? 0D&d,? orm"d? ynm[laom ukokdvfw&m;jzihf ausmfvTm;ygu ypöKyÜefb0rSma&m wrvGefb0 wGifyg aumif;usKd;csrf;omtrsKd;rsKd; &&SdcHpm;&rnfjzpfygaMumif; "r®0D&rS today;EdI;aqmf tyfygonf/ t,f ' D w m

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om

r[mowdy|meokwf(tESpfcsKyf) w&m;a'oemawmf omoemawmf E S p f 2553-ck E S p f aumZmouú & mZf 1371 ck E S p f ? oD w if ; uRwf v qef ; 10 &uf a eY r S vqef ; 14 &uf t xd &efukefwdkif;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? rkefYvkyfaqmif;ukef; awmif&yfuGuf? aZ,sokcvrf;? "r®m½kHwGif qif,ifusif;yaom nOfhOD; ,mrf "r® o bif t crf ; tem;rsm;ü "r® ' ge trw'getjzpf (5)&uf w k d i f w k d i f a [mMum;awmf r l t yf a om r[mowd y |meok w f (tES p f c sKyf ) w&m;a'oemawmfudk "r®0D&rmru "r®cspfcif olawmfpify&dowfwdkYtzdkY qnf;yl;ylaZmf tEkarm'emjyKawmfrlEdkifMuygap&eftvdkYiSm? q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l c J h o nh f a[muG u f r sm;twd k i f ; ? tjynf h t pH k a zmf j yay;vk d u f y gonf / ("r® 0 D & ) "r® m Ek y óem cE¨ y AÁ "r®mEkyóem (2) usawmh w&m;"r®awGtm;vH;k udNk cKH Ny;D Oyg'ge u©E¨m 5-yg;vdkY a[mw,f/ Oyg'geu©E¨mqdkwm Oyg'gef&JU wPSm'd|dwdkY&JU tm½HkjzpfwJh cE¨mudk Oyg'geu©E¨mvdkYac:w,f/ cE¨mwkdif; wPSm'd|d&JU tm½Hjk zpfwm r[kwb f ;l ? bmjzpfvYkd rjzpfvq J &kd if r*fpw d ef , YJ OS w f hJ a0'em u©E¨mç onmu©E¨mç ocFg&u©E¨mç r*fpdwfqdkwJh 0dnmPu©E¨mqdkwmawG&Sd w,f/ zdkvfpdwfeJY ,SOfwm&Sdw,f? 'Davmukwå&mpdwfrSm ,SOfwmawGus awmh Oyg'gef&JU tm½Hkrjzpfbl;vdkYajymwm/ 'Dae&mrSm 0dyóem½Iawmhr,fqdk&if Oyg'gef&JUtm½HkjzpfwJh cE¨mud, k yf J ½I&r,f? pGv J ef;wmudyk J tpGjJ zKwzf Ykd ur®|mef;½Icidk ;f wm? e*du k rS rpG&J if jzKwpf &m rvdb k ;l / pGaJ evdYk jzKw&f wmud;k ? 'gaMumihrf Ykd pGw J ahJ e&mudk ydNk y;D ½I&wm? jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'Dy*k Kd¾ vu f kd 'Dur®|mef;ay;w,f/ [dyk *k Kd¾ vu f kd [dkur®|mef;ay;w,fqdkwm olYtpGJMunhfay;wmyJ? ta&;BuD;qHk;uawmh tjrifrSm;wmjyKwfzdkYeJY twG,ftwmjyKwfzdkYu 'g t"duyJ/ jzKwfw,fqdk wm b,fenf;eJYjzKwfjzKwf jyKwfoGm;zdkYyJ ta&;BuD;wmyJav/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ 5-yg;eJY ywfoufNy;D awmh b,fy½kH &I rvJq&kd if.. jrwfpmG bk&m;u ½Iuu G af v; 3-rsKd ;yJ ay;xm;w,f/ ]£wd ½ly}H - ½kyq f w kd m 'gawGac:wmwJh? rodoihfbl;vm;¿ odoifhw,faemf? udk,hfoEÅmefrSm jzpfaewJh ur®|mef;½Irw S af ewJt h csed rf mS 'gu½kyv f m;? 'gu emrfvm;qdw k m awmh okwr,ÓPfeYJ odxm;zdYk vdw k mayhgaemf/ Oyrmtm;jzih-f xGuaf v 0ifavav;udk ½Iaew,f? avav;u 0ga,mazm|AÁ½yk yf ?J 0ga,mazm|AÁ ½kyf vmxdwJhae&mu um,yom'½kyfyJ? 0ga,mazm|AÁ½kyfqdkwm olwpfckwnf;ae&mr[kwfbl;? oltygt0if t|uvmyf½kyf&Spfck ygae w,f/ ½kyf&Spfcktaygif; jzpfw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm 0ga,mvGefuJaew,f? um, yom'½kyfrSm tenf;qHk; ½kyf 10- ck &Sdaew,f? 0ga,m azm|AÁ ½ k y f u um,yom'udk vmxdwm/ tJ'D0ga,mazm|AÁ½kyf qdw k mvnf; t&yfpum; eJY ajymr,fq&kd if ½SLoGi;f vdu k w f ahJ v av;yJaemf? obm0tm;jzihf ajymif;vJ ysufpD;wwfvdkY ½kyfw&m;? 'D½kyf 'Dtwkdif;

NrJaerSm r[kwfbl;? ajymif;vJ ysufpD;w,f? 'ghaMumihf ½kyfvdkYac:w,f?

ES m oD ; zsm;rS m &S d w J h tom;pd k i f um, yom'av;[mvnf ; ajymif;vJysufpD;w,f? 'gaMumifh olvnf; ½kyfw&m; yJ/ tJ'gav; 2-ck aygif;qHkvkdufwJhtcg xdodqdkwJhpdwfuav; ay:vm w,f/ 'gusawmh emrf? 'Dvdk ½kyfw&m;av;awG emrfw&m;av;awG jzpfay:vmwm? 'g[m ½kyfyJvdkY 'Dvdkodwm ]£wd ½lyH}/ 'gjzihf 'D½kyfuav; bmaMumifhjzpfwmvJ¿ pdwfaMumihf jzpfvm wm? tómo yómoqdkwJh xGufav- 0ifav[m pdwfeJY qufpyfNyD; awmhaevdkY pdwåZ0ga,mvdkY ac:w,f? pdwfaMumihfjzpfw,f 'Dvdk olYtaMumif;udk odw,f? 'g ]]½lyó ork'a,m}}- jzpfaMumif; w&m;udk vnf; odw,f/ ]]½lyó tw¬*Farm}} -½kyfcsKyfoGm;wm? odkYr[kwf csKyf aMumif;udkvnf; od&r,f? 'D½Iaxmihf 3-ckudk odzdkYvdkw,f? 'g½kyfyJqdkwJh olYobm0udkvnf; od&r,f? ½kyfjzpfaMumif; w&m;udkvnf; od&r,f/ ½kyyf suo f mG ;aMumif;udv k nf; od&r,f? odrYk [kwf jzpfwmudv k nf; od&r,f? csKyo f mG ;wmudv k nf; od&r,f? 'g ½lyu©Em¨ eJyY wfoufNy;D od&r,ht f csuyf /J a0'emu©Em¨ eJY ywfoufívnf; 'Dtwkid ;f yJ? a0'em&JU bm0udk od&r,fç bmaMumihf a0'emjzpfw,fqdkwmudk od&r,fç bmaMumihf a0'emcsKyfoGm;w,fqdkwmudk od&r,f? odkYr[kwf jzpfvmwmudkvnf; od&r,f? a0'emysufoGm;wmudkvnf; od&r,f? jrwfpGmbk&m;u 3-rsdK;?

3 rsKd ;ay;xm;w,f? onmu©Em¨ xdt Yk wlç ocFg&u©Em¨ xdt Yk wlç 0dnmPu© E¨m xdkYtwl? wpfckpD wpfckpD ½IrSwf&w,f/ 'g Oyg'geu©E¨meJYywfoufNyD; awmh "r®mEkyóemwJh/ 'gjzihf um,mEkyóemwkef;uvnf; ½kyfawGyJr[kwfvm;? bmrsm;xl;vdkYwkef;ar;&if ½IyHkcsif; enf;enf;uGmoGm;w,fayhg? tck "r®m Ekyóem½IwJhtcgusawmh ½kyfudk½I&mrSm point- 3-ckyJay;w,f/ 'g[m ½kyfyJç 'gu ½kyfjzpfaMumif;yJç 'gu ½kyfcsKyfjcif;taMumi;fyJ (odkYr[kwf) 'gu½kyfyJ? 'gu ½kyf&JUjzpfwnfrIyJç 'gu ½kyf&JUcsKyfoGm;rIyJvdkY 'Dtcsuf (3) csufudk OD;wnfNyD; "r®mEkyóemrSm a[mw,fvdkY rSwf&r,f/

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) rm& 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf [dr0EÅmawm (t&nuk#)d awmausmif;ü aeawmfral omtcg rm&fewfonf bk&m;&SifodkYuyfí tvkH;pkHaom avmuü w&m;ojzih f rif ; jyKawmf r l y g[k avQmuf&mwGif ]]tw¦rSd ZmwrSd okcg o[m ,m}} paom okH;*gxmukd a[mawmf rlonf/ rsm;pGmaomewfwYkd tuRww f &m; &avuke\ f / tw¦rSd ZmwrSd okcg o[m[? wk|D okcg ,m £w&Dwa&e/ yknH okcH ZD0dwocF,rSd? oAÁó 'ku©ó okcH y[meH/ okcg rawå,swm avmau? taxm ayawå,swm okcg/ okcg omrnwm avmau? taxm jA[®nwm okcg/ jref r muAsm udpö&Sdu rdwf&csrf;om? &orQvnf; a&mihf&Jcsrf;om?

ZD0deftouf csKyfysufeD;rSm? aumif;rI&Sd pdwf\vGefcsrf;om/ cyfodrf;rsm;pGm 'ku©ay:vm? y,fícs okc&rnfom/

When need arises, happy (is it to have) friends; happy is contentment with just this and that; merit is happy. When life is at an end; happy is the shunning of all ill.

pum;ajy/ / ta&;BuD ; aomud p ö ay:aygufvmaomtcg taqGcifyGef;aumif; &&SdrS csrf;om&\/ ti,ftBuD;ypönf;oEÅu &orQESihf a&mihf&Jjcif;onf csrf;om\/ ZD0def toufcsKyfysufcgeD;ü aumif;rI&Sdjcif;onf csrf;om\/ cyfodrf;aom 0#f'ku©ukd y,fpGefYEkdif jcif;onf csrf;om\/ jref r muAsm rdbjrwfav; vkyfauR;Muyg? jrihfjrwf&[ef; vSL'gef;ay;yg? bk&m; Ak'¨ om0uyg? xkdav;0 vSLu vGefcsrf;om/ Happy in this world is ministering to mother, ministering to father too is happy; happy in this world is ministering to ascetics; happy too is ministering to the Noble Ones.

pum;ajy/ / þavmuü trdtbukd jyKpkvkyfauR;jcif;onf csrf;om\/ (þavmu ü) &[ef ; omraPwd k Y t m; (av;yg;aom

wpf c gwpf & H u sawmh obm0w&m;csif ; wl a yr,h f v d k Y aqmif & G u f yHkaqmif&Gufenf; aspect rwlbl;ayhg/ tJ'Dvdk uGJjym; jcm;em;rIav; awG&Sdw,f/ a[m'D Oyg'geu©E¨m 5-yg;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmhvnf; jrwfpGm bk&m;u Oyg'geu©E¨m 5-yg;qdkwJh "r®udk owdeJYrSwf,lNyD; todÓPfeJY rSerf eS u f efuefoad tmif tzefzeftxyfxyf Munh&f r,f? tJ'v D kd Munhw f hJ tcgrSm rdrdoEÅmefrSm jzpfwmyJjzpfap? olwpfyg;oEÅmefrSmjzpfwmyJ jzpfap? rdrdoEÅmefwpfvSnhf olwpfyg;oEÅmefwpfvSnhfyJjzpfap Munhf½I oHk;oyf&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk Munhf½IoHk;oyfwJhtcgrSm jzpfrIawGudkvnf; odvm r,fç ysurf aI wGuv kd nf; odvmr,f/ tJ'v D o kd v d mNy;D todav;[mç owd av;[m cE¨mvdkYac:wJh 'D"r®ay:rSmyJ &yfwnfvmvdrfhr,f-wJh? tJ'Dvdk &yfwnfvmwm[m bmtwGufvJqdk&if ÓPfjzpfzdkYeJY owdawGwdk;yGm;zdkY twGuf &yfwnfwmwJh? wPSm'd|dawGudk vHk;0rSDwG,fjcif;r&SdvdkY qkyfudkif xm;wJh tpGt J vef;awGtm;vH;k uae vGwo f mG ;Edik yf gw,f/ tpGt J vef;awG uif;NyD;awmh vGwfajrmufoGm;Edkifw,f/ qdkvdkwmu b,fusihfpOfyJusihf usihf t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfa&mufoGm;wmcsnf;yJ/ odaYk omf vlwidk ;f a&mufovm;qdak wmh ra&mufb;l ? bmaMumihf

ypö n f ; jzih f ) csD ; ajr§ m uf v k y f a uR;jcif ; onf csrf;om\/ bk&m; yapöuAk'¨g &[EÅmom0u wd k Y t m; (ypö n f ; av;yg;)jzih f csD ; ajr§ m uf vkyfauR;jcif;onf csrf;om\/ okcH ,m0 Z&m oDvH? okcg o'¨g ywd|dwm/ okacg ynm, y#dvmabm? ygygeH tu&PH okcH/ jref r muAsm oDvwnf&Sd tkdxdcsrf;om? o'¨gwnfrS rkcscsrf;om? ynm&vJ rvGJcsrf;om? raumif;rI rjyKvGefcsrf;om/ Happy is virtue till old age; happy is steadfast confidence; happy is the attainment of wisdom; happy is it to do no evil.

pum;ajy/ / oD v &S d j cif ; onf (i,f & G , f o nf r S ) tk d r if ; onf w k d i f a tmif csrf;om\/ wnfNrJ aomo'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;onf csrf ; om\/ avmuD avmuk w å & mynmuk d &jcif ; onf csrf ; om\/ ,k w f r mnpf u sL raumif;rIwdkYudkaMumif;&if; y,fjzKwfrjyKvkyf jcif;onf csrf;om\/ em*0*f - qif t k y f p k NyD ; \/

ra&mufwmvJqdk&if vlawG&JU t&nftcsif;jcif; rwlbl;av/ jrwfpGm bk&m;u vrf;ñTefwmuawmh tptqHk; vrf;ñTefwmyJ/ a&mufwJhol a&mufoGm;w,f? ra&mufwJhol ra&mufbl;/ 'geJYywfoufNyD; ykPÖm;BuD;wpfa,mufu jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ar;wJh ar;cGef;wpfck&Sdw,f/ ]t&Sifbk&m; edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;w&m;udk vnf;a[mw,f/ edAÁmefqdkwmudkvnf;a[mw,f/ 'gqdk&if tm;vHk; edAmÁ efa&mufMu &JUvm;} wJh ar;yHu k aemf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u- igajymr,fw?hJ rif;u &mZN*dK[f jynfaewmqdkawmh &mZN*dK[fvrf; aumif;aumif; od r S m ayh g -wJ h / od y gw,f w J h / 'gqd k &mZN*d K [f N rd K UBuD ; vnf ; &S d w ,f ? rif;uvnf;yJ b,fuaeoGm;qdk NyD; vrf;ñTefvkdufw,f/ tJ"dvdk vrf;ñTefwJhtxJrSm rif;ajymwJhtwdkif; oGm;wJholu a&mufw,f? aemufwpfa,mufu aemufjyefavQmufNyD; oGm;&if a&mufyghrvm;wJh? ra&mufEdkifygbl;wJh? tJ'gqdk&if &mZN*dK[fjynfvnf;&Sdw,f? oGm;&m vrf ; vnf ; &S d a evsuf e J Y bmvd k Y t J ' D u d k r a&muf w mvJ ¿ qd k a wmh oleJYrqdkifygbl;-wJh/ olroGm;vdkY ra&mufwmygwJh/ tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u [kwfw,f/ tJ'Dtwkdif;yJ-wJh/ iga[mwJh w&m;vnf; igeJYrqkdifbl;wJh? usihfwJholeJYom qkdifw,fwJh/

TALK ABOUT THE DHAMMA

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

ig;[if;pm;ay;yg rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z)

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) ig;[if ; BuD ; rsm;vnf ; pm;ay;yg (*) rEÅav;NrKdU a&Ta&;aqmifq&mawmf BuD;\ rSwfom;vkdufemzG,fMo0g'av;oG,f wdkYrS 'kwd,jzpfaom ]]ig;[if;BuD;rsm;vnf; pm;ay;yg}} ukd &Sif;vif;wifjyygrnf/ ]]ig;[if; BuD;rsm; pm;ay;yg}} [l&mü aps;aumif;aom ig;BuD;BuD;rsm;ukd csufpm;yg[k qkdjcif;r[kwf/ wpfcsed u f ]acwfro D w l idk ;f yifv,fig; ukdpm;Muonf} [laom aMumfjim acwfpm;cJh onf/ a&;olrSm uG,fvGefol EkdifiHausmfpma&; q&mBuD; OD;odef;azjrihfjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;zl; \/ OD;odef;azjrihfonf ]wufzkef;BuD;}? ]wuf acwfewfqkd;} paom a0zefa&;? jyKjyifa&;pm rsm;ukd a&;cJhonf/ ]]ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonhf yrm}} [laom orkdif;aemufcH0w¦K&SnfBuD;rSm emrnf a usmf M um; xif & S m ;cJ h o nf / ]aiG p d e f avSavSm&f if;wufusK;d jcif;}paom b0o½kyaf zmf 0w¦Kwdkrsm;vnf; ta&;aumif;oljzpfonf/ 0w¦K? aqmif;yg;? a0zefa&;? Ekid if aH &;? pmayrsm;om ta&;aumif;onfr[kwf/ q&m odef;azjrihfonf aMumfjimpmwef;vnf; ta&;

aumif;cJholjzpf\/ ]aq;0,f&if 'DqlZmrSm pdwfcs&w,f} qkdonhf aMumfjimpmonfvnf; OD ; od e f ; azjrih f \ vuf & mjzpf a Mumif ; od & \/ pum;quf p yf o G m ;í q&mod e f ; azjrih f taMumif;ygoGm;onf/ trSefpifppf OD;odef;az jrihftaMumif; a&;&efr[kwfyg/ ]ig;[if;BuD; rsm;vnf; pm;ay;yg} rS azmufxGufoGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ (C) ]ig;[if;} qkdonfrSm ig;yg;oDvukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfyg\/ ig;yg;oD v uk d Ak ' ¨ b mom0if w d k i f ; Mum;zl;em;0&SdMuNyD;jzpfonf/ apmihfxdef;ol ta&twGufum; enf;yg;rnfxifygonf/ ygPmwd y gwm a0&rPd olYtoufowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ t'd E é m 'gem a0&rP a0&rPd ykid &f iS u f uk, d jf zihf EIwjf zihrf ay;aom olwpfyg; Opömukd ckd;,ljcif; (0denf;a'oemwGif ckd;jcif; 25 enf;)txd&Sd\/ &[ef;awmfrsm;twGuf 'kw, d yg&mZdu odum© yk'jf zpf&m þodum© yk'u f dk usL;vGefvQif &[ef;b0rS a&GUavsmusoGm;Ekdif onftxd tjypfBuD;ayonf/) umarok r d p ä m pm&m a0&rPd umr*kPu f sL;vGerf rI S a&SmifMuOfjcif;? umr*kPf usL;vGefjcif;[lonf roGm;vmaumif;aom rapmfum;aumif;aom tkyx f ed ;f ol&o dS nhf rde;f r (20)wdüYk rusL;vGe&f ay/ trsK;d om;rsm;twGuf rdrdr,m;rSwpfyg; wpfjcm;rdef;r? trsKd;orD;rsm; tzk d Y rd r d \ umryk d i f v if a ,musf m ;rS w pf y g; umr*kPu f pd ö arxkeo f 0H goudprö sm; rusL;vGef

igvrf ; csay;wmyJ ? oG m ;wJ h o l r S a&muf r ,f a v? oG m ;wJ h o l a wmif wpf 0 uf w pf y suf e J Y &yf a e&if b ,f a &muf r vJ ? c&D ; uwpf c gwpf c g &S n f c sif & S n f r ,f a yh g / bmjzpf v d k Y v J q d k a wmh ÓPf p G r f ; tm; owd pGr;f tm;qdw k mu wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D wlwmr[kwb f ;l av/ rwlwmudk oGm;Ny;D awmh oluwpfrdepfeJY a&mufw,f? igvnf; wpfrdepfeJYa&muf&r,fvdkY 'DvdkvkyfvdkYr&bl;av/ owd p G r f ; tm;awG ? ÓPf p G r f ; tm;awG e J Y oG m ;Mu&wJ h t cg pGrf;tm;xufNyD;om;yk*¾dKvfqdk&if jrefjrefa&mufw,f? pGrf;tm;nHhae&if ra&mufbl;vdkY 'Dvdkqdkw,fayhg? odkYaomf oGm;ae&ifawmh a&mufvmrSmyg yJ? &yfawmhraeeJYayhg? 'Db0rSm 'Davmufaygufw,f? aemufb0usawmh

&ay/ "euúdwr,m;ac: OpömtcaMu;aiG ay;í,l x m;aomr,m;? w'*F a ysmf y g;&ef ,lxm;aomr,m; ponfyifjzpfap olwdkYtvkd qE´rwlygu tjypfruif;ay/ ,aeYacwfwGif tdrfaxmifrjyKao;bJ a,musfm;? rdef;r twl wuGaexkid af ygif;oif;jcif; (Living together) wdkYvnf; pOf;pm;oihfayonf/ tjypf uif;zG,f r&Sday/ tcaMu;aiG , l í quf q H & aom rde;f ryifjzpfap? yxraiGay;xm;olEiS fh rqufqH &ao;ygu aemufvlESihf aysmfyg;cGihfr&Sday/ aysmyf g;rdygu xkrd ed ;f ronf tjypfrvGwaf Mumif; a&S;a[mif;pmay om"ursm;ü zwf½&I ayonf/ tu,fí tjA[®p&d,m a0&rPdodu©my'H orm'd,mrd odu©myk'fukd apmihfxdef;&aom Oykofonfjzpfygu tMuifvifr,m;yifjzpfap xkdaeYtzkdY twltdyfcGihf (qufqHcGihf)r&Sday/ a&S m if M uOf & avonf / (þod u © m yk ' f o nf us,f0ef;onfESihftrQ odrSwfzG,f odxm;zG,f aumif;ojzihf xif&Sm;atmifa&;vkduf&jcif; jzpfygonf/ pum;Murf;rsm;ygvQif (*r®a'go rvGwfvQif) onf;cHzwf½IMuyg&ef) rk o m0g'g a0&rPd r[kwfrrSefpum; vdrfnmajymqkdjcif; a&;om; jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&rnf/ ok & mar&, rZÆ y rm'Xmem a0&rPd rl;,pf&Da0um ukokdvfw&m;wdkYü arhavsmhap Ekdifaom tukodkvf'kp½kdufrsm;ukd usL;vGef&ef 0efrav;aom ao&nft&uf? bD,m? rl;,pff pmrsuf E S m 13 ok d Y

'DxufydkaygufoGm;rSmayhg/ tu,fí roGm;bl;? odkYr[kwf aemufjyef avQmufae&ifawmh a0;oxufa0;oGm;rSmyJ/ owå0gawGqdkwm aemufjyefavQmufwmu rsm;w,fav? ausmcdkif;vkdufwmu rsm;w,f? ausmcdkif;NyD;awmh avQmufMunhfygvm;b,fa&mufrvJ? rsufESmrlzdkYudku tifrwefta&;BuD;wmaemf? jrwfpGm bk&m;&JU w&m;awmfudk rsufESmrlNyD;awmh vkyfaewmu usihfaewmyJ? tJ'Dawmh usihfae&if wpfvSrf;avQmuf&if wpfvSrf;eD;wmyJ? ESpfvSrf; avQmuf&if ESpfvSrf;eD;wmyJ? aemufjyefqkwf&ifawmh wpfvSrf;qkwf&if wpfvSrf; a0;oGm;rSmyJayhg/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

MumndK&eYHvGrf;íikdol &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H )

jrwfpGmbk&m; om0w¬djynf? aZw0ef ausmif ; awmf ü oD w if ; oH k ; aeawmf r l p Of td r f a xmif & S i f t rsd K ;om;wpf a ,muf o nf ? jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mMum;aomw&m;awmf u d k emMum;&Ny;D aemuf oHa0*tjrifjzihf qifjcifum? ]igonf þw&m;udk vl0wfaMumif;b0ESihf toufxufq;kH jznhu f sijfh cif;iSmrjzpfEikd ?f &[ef; 0wfNyD; jznhfusihf&efoihf\} BuHpnfvsuf? r,m; jzpfolxHcGihfawmif;NyD; tnw&jzpfaom? yd@ ygwdurax&fxHü &[ef;tjzpfcH,lvkdufav onf/ ol&[ef;0wfcJhNyD;aemuf umvMum vQif? vifrJhr,m;rSef;odojzihf? yaoe'Daum ovrif;onf ol\r,m;a[mif;tm; eef;awmf odkY oGif;um udk,fvkyfarmif;rjyKav\/ ol\ r,m;a[mif; udk,fvkyfarmif;ronfvnf; eef; awmfwiG ;f rSmyifae\/ wpfaeYwiG f rif;\O,smOf awmf a&uefrS rsm;pGmaom MumndKyef;wdkYudk cl;,lvmNy;D aemuf rif;Bu;D tm; qufoavonf/ yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD;vnf; ta`cGt&H armif;rrdów H t Ykd m; MumndKyef;rsm; cGaJ 0ay;um? vifrJhr,m;a[mif;armif;ronfvnf; MumndK

yef;ESpfpD; &&Sdavonf/ vif r J h r ,m;a[mif ; armif ; ronf MumndKyef;ESpfpD;&&SdpOfrSm 0rf;omaomaMumihf &,farmavonf/ ESmacgif;jzihf MumndKyef;udk erf;½SLrdaomtcgwGiu f m; vif;a[mif;&[ef;udk atmufarhowd&oGm;um ½du I Bf u;D wiif r&Suf Edik rf aMumufEikd f idak <u;avawmh\/ xdo k wif;udk rif;BuD;Mum;avvQif a&SUawmfudkac:í ar;ppf avonf/ ]]yef;&pOfu..oif[m &,farm&Tiyf s aeNyD;? yef;udkerf;½SLNyD;aemuf? t&SuftaMumuf rJhpGm idkjyefw,f? b,hftwGuf- &,f&idk&ovJ}}/ ]]t&Sirf if;Bu;D ..tuREykf u f m; tjcm; armif;rwdkYenf;wl yef;&wJhtwGuf 0rf;omvdkY &,frdygw,f/ MumndKyef;udk erf;rdvkdufwJhtcg usawmh i,fvifa[mif;&JU cHwiG ;f eHeY YJ MumndKyef; eHYwlaewmaMumihf atmufarh0rf;enf;NyD;idkjcif; jzpfygw,f...}} [k vifrrhJ ,m;a[mif; armif;r u rif;udk avQmufxm;vkduf\/ xdak rmif;ravQmufxm;csuu f kd rif;Bu;D r,HMk unfEidk o f jzihf oH;k Burd w f idk w f ikd f ajcmufveS Yf ppfar;av\/ armif;ruvnf; a&S;pum;twkid ;f

yif [k w f w k d i f ; rS e f p G m avQmuf x m;av\/ oH;k Burd pf pfar;aomfvnf; vlcY w H iG ;f u MumndKeYH oif;onf[laomtajzom&ojzihf rif;BuD; rauseyfaomaMumihf Oyg,fwrsOfjzihf penf; em&ef pDpOfcJhavonf/ rif;BuD;pDpOfBuHpnfyHk um; eef;awmftwGif;&Sd yef;eHYom? eHYomaysmif;? tp&Sad om arT;ysUH onht f &mtm;vH;k udk eef;wGi;f rS z,f&Sm;ypfapNyD; bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom oHCm awmfrsm;tm; aumif;rGefoefYjyefYaom ae&m xdkifcif;rsm;udk cif;usif;um qGrf;tvSLBuD;ay; av\/ bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom oHCmawmfrsm; qGrf;bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifNyD;aomtcg yaoe'D aumovrif ; BuD ; onf ol Y & nf & G , f c suf u k d taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf ol\ud, k v f yk f armif;rtm; ]]oif&h UJ cifyeG ;f a[mif;rax&f&[ef; um; tb,folvJ..}} [k ar;vkduf\/ rax&f \ r,m;a[mif;u rif;Bu;D tm; rax&fukd ñTef jyavonf/ rax&fukd jrifo&d Ny;D aemuf rif;Bu;D onf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;&Sdcdk;uefawmhum.../ ]]bke;f awmfBu;D vSaom jrwfpmG bk&m;? t&Sifbk&m;eJYwuG oHCmawmfrsm; ausmif; awmfokdY jyefvnf<ujref;awmfrlygbk&m;? bk&m; wynhaf wmf ud, k v f yk af rmif;r&JU cifyeG ;f a[mif; rax&fu qGrf;tEkarm'emw&m;jyKawmfrlyg vdrhfr,f..}} [k avQmufxm;av&m? jrwfpGm bk&m;onf yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD;\ tBuH tpnfukd odawmfro l jzihf eef;wGi;f ol ud, k v f yk f armif;r\ cifyGef;a[mif;rax&f&[ef;tm; qGr;f tElarm'emw&m;cs;D jri§ &fh ef rdeMYf um;awmfrl NyD ; oH C mawmf t aygif ; ud k ac:aqmif u m aZw0efausmif;odkY jyefawmfrlcJhavonf/ yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD;\ avQmufxm;csuft& eef;wGif;ol udk,fvkyf armif;r\ cifyeG ;f a[mif;rax&fvnf; qGr;f tEl arm'emw&m;a[mMum;&ef cHwGif;zGihfumrQ cPüyif? eef;awmfBu;D onf eHo Y meHY avSmifxm; aom MuKwb f ;l uJo h jYkd zpfomG ;&um? eef;awmfBu;D wpfcv k ;kH MumndKyef;&eHY arT;ysUH BuKd if vdiI o f mG ;ay awmhonf/ xd k t cg rBuH K pzl ; xl ; jcm;vS a om jzpf&yfaMumihf yaoe'Daumovrif;Bu;D tHMh o beef;jzpfcJh&NyD; ]]aMomf..tHhzG,fvJ&SdaypG..?

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

'Darmif;r[mvJ rSefaompum;udk ajymqdkay w,f..}} [k rif;Bu;D pdwx f rJ S todtrSwjf yKum MunfndKcJh&ayawmhonf/ aemufwpfaeYwGif rif;Bu;D onf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Six f o H mG ;a&muf&cdS ;kd zl;ajrmfNyD;aemuf rax&f&[ef;\ tmcHwGif;rS MumndK&eHYysHUoif;arT;BudKif&jcif;taMumif;udk ar;avQmufav\/ xdt k cg jrwfpmG bk&m;u.. ]rif;BuD;.. 'D&[ef;[m vGefav ]]rif NyD ; aomtcgu w&m;pum;ud k emMum; &vQif om"k . .om"k . .vd k Y a c:qd k N yD ; w&m;udk ½dk½dkaoao emMum;w,f? tJ'Dvdk om"k . .om"k v d k Y a c:NyD ; w&m;emMum; jcif ; uk o d k v f u H t aMumif ; aMumih f tmcH w G i f ; rS Mumnd K &eH Y o if ; ysH U Bud K if v d I i f apjcif ; tusd K ; ud k &&S d w mjzpf a yw,f } } [k rif;Bu;D tm; ajzMum;rdeq Yf akd wmfrv l u dk af vonf/ pif p pf xd k r ax&f & [ef ; onf a&S ; a&S ; b0u aMumuf w wf j cif ; - Mowå y Ü oH a 0*ES i h f jynh f p H k o l j zpf u m? rk o m0g'uH u d k M uOf a &S m if c J h a om uk o d k v f u H x l ; aMumif h tmcH w G i f ; u Mumnd K &eH Y o if ; ysH U &jcif ; tusd K ;ud k cH p m;&jcif ; jzpf \ / xd k Y tjyif w&m;"r® e mMum;aomtcg? om"k om"k[k ac:qdkwwfaom tusihfaumif;u xyf a vmif ; yH h y d k ; tusd K ;jyKav&m? w&m; a[m&ef EI w f c H w G i f ; zG i h f [ umpcPrS m yif eef;awmfBu;D wpfcv k ;kH udk MumndK&eHu Y odr;f BuKH ; zHk;vTrf;Edkifaom tusdK;ukd &&Sdapjcif;jzpf\/ xdo k o Ykd abm&if;&Sad omfvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;onf xif&Sm;aom trsm;ukodkvfuHudk &nf&, G í f om olawmfaumif;w&m;udk emMum; aomtcg? om"kac:qdkum aumif;csD;Mobm ay;aom ukodkvfuHaMumifh rax&f&[ef;\ tmcHwGif;rS MumndK&eHYoif;ysHU&jcif;wnf;[l aom tusdK;udk&aMumif; yaoe'Daumov rif;Bu;D tm; rdeaYf wmfrv l u dk jf cif;jzpf\/ tmcHwiG ;f rS MumndKyef;eHo Y if;ysUH &jcif;\taMumif;&if;jzpf aom- rkom0g'uHudk MuOfa&Smifjcif;taMumif; udk rdefYMum;awmfrrlcJhacs/ ]OyÜv*E¨rkcwm rkom0g'g a0&rPd ,mzvH}/ ]]OyÜ v *E¨ r k c wm= Mumnd K eH Y u J h o d k Y arT;ysUH aom cHwiG ;f &Sad omtjzpfukd &&Sjd cif;onf? rkom 0g'ga0&rPd,m= rkom;ajymqdkrIudk a&SmifMuOf jcif;\? zvH= tusKd ;aus;Zl;wnf;..}} (ck ' ´ u ygX? t|uxm) &S i f Ó P (zsmyH k )

vdiI Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS 'hf *D spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk rf S jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD 1/ "r®0D&\ "r®oHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) 2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) 3/ urÇmv h o l m;rsm;uk;d uG,&f m bmomBu;D rsm;ESihf 0g't,ltqrsm; (wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpkrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) 5/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ aumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("r®y') (Nird ;f csr;f OD;ESihf pk;d jrifv h wf) 6/ oEÅdokcokdY avScg;ckepfoG,f 7/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI&wem

(wuúokdvfoQifoD&d) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

8/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; 9/ a*gyuESifh Ak'¨b@mawmf

t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) (wuúodkvfoQifoD&d)

10/ edAÁmefwufvrf; 11/ jyifytdyfrufwpfck

(ref;wuúokdvfatmifjrifh0if;) rkd;[def;(om;*sme,fausmf)

12/ orda'¨g',q&mBuD; a':rmvm&D

(t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho)

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifw h nfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

,cif t ywf r S t quf tydkif; (6) Ak ' ¨ o moemuk d pwif t k w f j rpf c sjcif ; Ak ' ¨ b momtwG u f twG i f ; tif t m;pk jrwfAk'¨\ *kPfaus;Zl;ajrmufjrm;pGm teuf tBuD;us,fqkH;aus;Zl;rSm oHCmhtzGJU tpnf;ukd xlaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ urÇmay: &Sd bmomBuD;rsm;ukd avhvmaomtcg Ak'¨ bmom&Sd oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;uJhodkY BuD;rm;aom tif t m;pk r sm;uk d rawG U &ay/ bmom0g' wpfck jyefYyGm;a&;? ygwDwpf&yf tzGJUtpnf; wpf z G J U wk d ; wuf B uD ; yG m ;a&;twG u f t"dutiftm;pkrSm twGif;tiftm;pk (inner circle) jzpf o nf / wd k ; wuf r I ? qk w f , k w f r I w d k Y o nf xk d t wG i f ; tif t m;pk ay:wG i f t"d u wnf r S D o nf / twG i f ; tiftm;pku pnf;urf;&Sdoavmuf nDñTwf oavmuf t&nf t aoG ; aumif ; oavmuf xk d b momt,l 0 g'? xk d t zG J U tpnf ; wd k Y BuD ; yG m ; wd k ; wuf a ernf o mjzpf o nf / odu©myk'fjzihf ukd,fESihfEIwfukdxdef; jrwfAk'¨\ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;onf ,aeY urÇmwGif oufwrf;t&ifhqkH;jzpf\/ pnf;urf;t&SdqkH;jzpf\/ &[ef;wdkYvkdufem&rnfh pnf;urf; (odu©myk'f)rsm;onf tusOf;tm;jzihf 227 oG,f&Sd\/ tao;pdwfaomfum; uka# uk;d axmifausm&f o dS nf/ ygwdarmu© oH0&oDv

ac:onf/ xkdoDvjzihf ukd,ftrlt&m? EIwftrl t&m (um,uH? 0pDuH) wdkYukd xdef;uGyfxm; onf/ ,Ofaus;odraf rGUatmif jyKvyk x f m;onf/ xkdodu©myk'fwdkYukd xdef;odrf;xm;aom &[ef; wpfyg;\ ajymykH? qkdykH? oGm;ykH? vmykH? pm;ykH? aomufykHwkdYonf MunfnKdzG,f&m El;nHhodrfarGU aernfomjzpfonf/ £a`E´ a pmih f p nf ; jcif ; jzih f pd w f u k d x d e f ; ukd,fEIwfwdkY ,Ofaus;jcif;\ tajccH rSm pdwfjzpfonf/ pdwfoefYpifrS ukd,foefYpif rnf / EI w f o ef Y p if r nf / oef Y p if a ompd w f jzpfay:ap&ef rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? uk d , f ? pd w f [l a om wH c g;ajcmuf a yguf ('Gg&ajcmufyg;) wdkYukd xdef;odrf;ay;&rnf/ wH c g;ajcmuf a yguf r S 0if v mrpJ woJ o J umr*k P f t m½k H w d k Y u k d csKyf a ES m if x m;&rnf / ,if;ukd £`E´d,oH0&oDv ac:onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm odu©myk'fwdkYjzihf ukd,f trlt&m? EIwftrlt&mwdkYukd xdef;odrf;xm; onf/ £`E´d,oH0&oDvjzihf pdwfukd xdef;uGyf xm;onf/ oH C mtzG J U tpnf ; BuD ; ,aeY w k d i f ES p f a ygif ; 2500 ausmf wnf w H h a ejcif ; rS m uHokH;yg; trlt&mwdkYukd wif;MuyfpGm xdef;uGyf xm;aomaMumihfjzpfonf/ omoemjyK&ef c&D ; xG u f M u yÍö0*¾DwdkY &[ef;jzpfNyD;aemuf &[ef;

jyKolrsm; qufwkdufay:xGufvmonf/ ,o olaX;om;? ol\rdwfaqG 54 OD;? pkpkaygif; &[ef;aygif; 60 &SdoGm;onf/ tm;vkH; &[EÅm csnf;jzpfonf/ 0guRwfaomtcg jrwfAk'¨onf &[ef;wdkYudkac:í þodkYrdefYMum;onf/ &[ef;wdkY... avmupD;yGm;twGuf avmucsrf ; omtwG u f avmuuk d apmih f a&Smufa&;twGuf c&D;a'opm&D pwifMu/ wpfaMumif;wnf;aomc&D;ukd ESpOf ;D roGm;MuESi/fh tp? tv,f? tqkH; aumif;jcif;okH;jzmESihf jynf h p k H a om w&m;awmf u k d a[mMum;Mu/ igukd,fwkdifvnf; O½ka0vawm aoemed*kH;odkY <urnf/ jrwfAk'¨onf O½ka0vawm aoem ed*kH;odkY wpfyg;wnf;<uawmfrlonf/ jrwfAk'¨\ c&D ; um; ½k d ; pif ; vS y g\/ tazmf r yg? a`cG & H oif;yif;r&S/d þod<Yk upOf c&D;tMum; uyÜgodu awmtkyftwGif; opfwpfyif&if;wGif acwå em;cdkaeonf/ NAKH;ueJ rdef;raysmufvkduf&SmMuaom rif;om;ok;H q,f (b'´0*¾n D aD emifrsm;) wdYk a&muf &S d v monf / jrwf A k ' ¨ t m; omref & [ef ; [k txif a &muf N yD ; ]]rd e f ; rwpf a ,muf jzwf o G m ;wmjrif v k d u f y govm;}} [k ar;jref;Muonf/ jrwfAk'¨u- ]]rdef;raysmuf &SmwmESifh ukd,fhukd,fukd&Smwm b,foif;u jrwfovJ}} [k jyefar;awmfrl\/ b'´0*¾DwdkY awGa0oGm;onf/ pOf;pm;ÓPf tajccH&Sdol rsm;yDyD Ak'¨\tajzukd apmihfqkdif;aeMuonf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ u 'getaMumif ; ? oD v taMumif;? ewfjynfewf&GmtaMumif;? umr *kPfwdkY\ tjypftemtqmrsm;? ,if;wdkYukd pGefYcGmí awmxGuf&jcif;\tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; ukd wpfqifhNyD;wpfqihf a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ olwdkYonf "r®a&,mOfaMumwGif epfajrmoGm; Muonf/ rif;nDrif;om;b0ukd pGefYvTwfí yÍö0*¾DwdkYuJhodkYyif {[dbdu©K&[ef;rsm; jzpfoGm; Muonf/ (aemifrS &[EÅmjzpfonf) jrwfAk'¨ESihf rD;wif;ukwf jrwfAk'¨onf b'´0*D¾wdkYtm; xm;cJhí O½ka0vodYk wpfyg;wnf;<uonf/ O½ka0vwGif uóynDaemif&aohwYkd aemufygrsm;ESifh tajc

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ jzihf apvTwfum yihfavQmufonf/ ukd;a,muf yif&SdNyD/ apvTwforQ wpfa,mufrQjyefrvm/ jrwf A k ' ¨ \ w&m;awmf u k d emMum;&ojzih f tmoa0guif ; uG m onh f &[EÅ m jzpf o G m ;Mu onf/ xkdYaMumifh rif;BuD;avQmufxm;csufukd owdrrl? Oayu©mjyKoGm;jcif;jzpf\/ aemufqkH; jrwfAk'¨\zGm;zufawmf umVK'g,Dtrwfukd apvTwfonf/ umVK'g,D onf &[EÅmjzpfoGm;aomfvnf; rif;BuD;\ rSmMum;csufukd rarh/ ]]t*Fg&daem'ged'krmbaEÅ}} paom vSyonhpf um;tzGUJ tEGUJ wdjYk zihf wefqmqifxm; aom *gxmaygif; 60 ausmfjzihf jrwfAk'¨tm; uydv0wfa&Teef;odkY <ujref;csdefwefygNyD[k avQmufxm;onf/ uyd v 0wf x D ; eef ; od k Y jrwfAk'¨onf waygif;vjynhfaeYwGif &mZN*K[ d rf pS wifxu G cf mG í uydv0wfwikd ;f jynf odkY <uawmfrlonf/ &[ef;aygif; ESpfaomif; ausmfjzifh <uawmfrlonhfc&D;um; om,mwdrf; ñTwfzG,ftzkHzkHjzihf rqkH;aomc&D;jzpfonf/ &mZN*Kd[fESihf uydv0wfonf ,lZemajcmuf q,f (420 rkdifcefY) uGmvSrf;onf/ wpfaeYvQif wpf,lZem (7 rkdifEIef;cefY)usjzihf <uawmfrl&m &ufaygif;ajcmufq,fausmf MumjrifhoGm;onf/ uqkev f jynhaf usmw f pf&ufaeYwiG rf S uydv0wf odkY a&mufawmfrlonf/ oka'¨g'ebk&ifBuD;onf om;awmf jrwfAk'¨tm; BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm BuKdqkdonf/ BuKd w if w nf a qmuf x m;aom ed a j*m"m½k H ausmif;awmftm;vnf; vSL'gef;onf/ omuD0ifrif;wdkYonf Zmwdrmefcuf xeforl sm;jzpfMu\/ t,lonf;olrsm;[k qkEd idk f onf/ jrwfAk'¨tm; olwdkYxuf i,f&G,fol[k r&Sdckd;Mu/ a&Smifwdrf;aeMuonf/ jrwfAk'¨onf olwdkY\rmeo&zlukd jzKwfcs&ef wefckd;jyawmf rl&onf/ qG r f ; cH < ujcif ; onf bk & m;wd k Y \ "avh 'kw, d aeYwiG f uydv0wfjynfwiG ;f odYk qGrf;cH<uawmfrlonf/ &[ef;aygif;ESpfaomif; yg0ifonf/ þodkY qGrf;cH<ujcif;rSm a&S;bk&m; wdkY tpOftvmjzpfonf/ jrwfAk'¨oydwfykdufí qGrf;cH<uaMumif; od&aomtcg oka'¨g'e bk & if B uD ; rsm;pG m ES v k H ; romr,m&S d o nf / ]]ighom; bk&m;u igqGrf;rvSLEkdifbl; xifrSwf aeovm;rod}} [k nnf;wGm;onf/ jrwfAk'¨ESihf &[ef;taygif;ukd eef;wGif;odkY yifhaqmifonf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ u ]]Owå d a | eyraZÆ , s}}

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA TALKS

13

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yGm;rsm;tm;xkw&f mü? r*fzv kd w f cH g;0 tEkavmrÓPfteD;odYk a&mufatmif ocFg½kayu©ÓPfü wefY&yfaeNyD;? r*fzkdvftusdK;iSm qufvuftm;rxkwf awmhaMumif; odrSwfMu&m\/ r*f t eD ; qd k u f a &muf a eol NrdKU\teD;wpfac:uGmavmuf a&mufaeoludk xdkNrdKUodkY qkduf a&mufaeonf[k qdk&ouJhodkY? r*f\teD; ocFg½kayu©ÓPfavmuf a&mufaeaom bk&m;avmif;udk (r*¾0Dxde,f) tEkavmrÓPfteD;? odkYr[kwf r*fteD;odkY qkdufa&mufaeonf[k oHk;EIef;&ayonf/ t|uxmtaxmuf t xm;pum; wawmyk&dr yk&dr ba0ok oAÁnK aAm"dowåm Ak'¨omoae yAÁZdwGm wDPd yd#umedO*¾a[wGm *wypöm *w0wåH tm½k,S ur®|meH tEkavmr a*gMwbHk tm[pö|ayEÅd/ (yk*¾vynwf? |? 40) þyk*v ¾ ynwfygVdawmf t|uxmpum;onfvnf;? txufu rZÑrd yPÖmoygVdawmf t|uxmpum;ESiw fh \ l / bk&m;avmif;rsm; 0dyó em ur®|mef;w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwaf omtcg tEkavmra*gMwbl teD; odkY qdkuf&mufí? ur®|mef;qufvuftm;rxkwfawmhbJ &yfqkdif;awmf rlMuonf[k qdkvdkygonf/ tcsd K Uyk * ¾ d K wd k Y \ t,l t q tcsKd Uwdu Yk m; ,m0tEkavmrÓPH tm[pöw|d EÅd ur®|meH tEk avmra*gMwbHk tm[pöXayEÅd[laom t|uxmpum;udk rrdaom aMumih?f tm[pöukd ygaywGm ygykPw d mG teufrw S x f ifNy;D ? bk&m;avmif; rsm; 0dyóem½Iaomtcg tEkavmra*gMwbltxda&mufMuonf/ a*gMwbluae r*fodkYra&mufapbJ &yfwefYxm;Muonf[k vGJrSm;,lqí ajymqdkMuonf/ pd w å e d , mr oabmES i h f q ef Y u sif xdpk um;onf pdweå , d mroabmESifh qefu Y siaf e\/ 0Dxw d pfck usaomtcg pdwt f pOfoabmtwkid ;f &yfwefí Y r& usNru J s&\/ r*¾0x D d ü raem'Gm&m 0ZÆef;\ aemufy&duH? Oypm? tEkvHk? a*gMwbltpOfjzpf NyD;aomtcg r*fodkYrusatmif a*gMwblwGif &yfxm;ír&ay/ a*gMwbl usvQif rkcsr*fpdwfusa&muf&rnfrSm {uefjzpfayonf/ pmrsuf E S m 6 rS aq;0g;rsKd;pkH? bdef;rsKd;pkH okH;pGJpm;aomufjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&rnf/ þig;yg;oDvukd cg;0wfykqkd;çxbD yrm tNrJwrf; usihfokH;aqmufwnfyg[k qkdvkd ayonf/ ig;yg;oDvonf "r®wmoDv? *½k"r® oDv? "r®owfov D ? puú0wåo d v D ? uk½"k r®ov D ? *[|oDv? edpöoDv? 0g&dwåoDv? t&d,bEÅ oDv [lí trnf (10)rsKd;&&Sdaom xl;jcm; onhf oDvjzpf\/ (aqmif y k ' f ) ]]"r®wm"rf? *½k"rfEiS ?fh "r®owfcsuf csm? pMumpk;d jyK? uk½"k r®? *[|ESifh ig;yg;yÍöo?D

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DHAMMA DEW

14

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0dpm&udk ausmfvGefí? yDwd? okc[laom psmeft*Fg\ {u*¾wm pdwf tqihfodkYyifra&mufao;ay/ odkYaomf tawGUtBuHKtavhtusihf Ekao;aom a,m*Drsm;tzdkYt&m xkdBuHKawGU&aom yDwdaomreópdwf udkyif w&m;tppf[k xifrSwfMuayonf/ þae&mü A[kokw&MupdrfhaomiSm? xdkpsme*F (psmef\t*Fg) yDwdESihfpyfí tusOf;rQazmfjyvdkygonf/ ygVdbmomjzihf yDwdqdkonfrSm jrefrmvdk ESpfodrfhjcif;jzpfygonf/ tbd"r®mtvdkt& ,if;yDwdonf apwodufw&m;jzpfonf/ xdkyDwdonf(1) ck'´dumyDwd- MuufoD;arG;nif;x½HkrQjzpfaomti,fqHk; yDwd/ (2) cPdumyDwd- vQyfjyufouJhodkY jzpfaomyDwd/ (3) MouúEu dÅ m yDw-d vdiI ;f wHy;kd rsm;xouJo h o Ykd ufíoufíjzpf aom yDwd/ (4) OaAÁ*gyDwd- aumif;uifodkY ysHwufovdkjzpfaomyDwd/ (5) z&PmyDw-d qDEiS x fh ad wGUaom vJ0g*Gr;f uJo h Ykd wpfu, kd v f ;kH pdrfhíjzpfaom yDwd[lí? yDwd (5) rsdK;&Sdygonf/ þodkYjzpfNyD;onhfaemuf pdwfü ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfí aeonfudk yDwdaomreó[k ac:qdkygonf/ pdwf[laomoabmonf tvGefqef;Mu,faomoabm&Sdyg onf/ ouf&Sdowå0grsm;ü jzpfay: (&Sd) wwfonhf? tm½Hkudk odwwf BuHwwfaomoabmudk ygVdbmomtm;jzihf pdwå= jrefrm ]]pdwf}} [k ac:ygonf/ wpfenf; raem[lívnf; qdkMuygonf/ tbd"r®myd#uwf awmftvdkt&? pdwf (89) yg;wGif a'GyÍö0dnmPf (10)/ t½lypdwf (4) ckrSwpfyg;? usefaom pdwåZ½kyfudkjzpfapEdkifaom pdwfaygif; (75) rsdK; jzpfonf? &Sdonfqdkygonf/

rdrdwdkYudk,faumifBuD;twGif; rDSwG,fjzpfay:aeaomfvnf; rdrd wdkYonf t0dZÆmwnf;[laom trSefudkrodrjrifEkdifaom arm[0¥rlv w&m; ydwzf ;kH umpD;rIaMumihf pdw\ f oabmtrSeu f kd rodEikd rf jrifEikd Mf uay/ xdkrodrIaMumihf taMumif;wdkufqdkifíjzpfay:aeaom emrfw&m;udkyif ]]ig}} [k rSwx f ifMuum? awGUBuKH vm&aom xdawGUcHpm;rIreS o f rQ igtrSwf jzihf cHpm;Muojzih?f w&m;"r®tm;xkwpf Of awGUBuKH vmrIwu Ykd v kd nf; psme*F oabm[k rodrjrifMubJ? igw&m;tm;xkwf&mrSm igtckBuHKawGUae&wJh tm½H\ k tawGUtxdcpH m;rIonf? ,cif, h ciftm½Hrk sm;udk cHpm;&wmawGeYJ rwlbJ? tvGeftifrwef MunfEl;yDwd *Grf;qDxdrQcHpm;&wm tvGef aumif;w,f/ 'grsdK;wpfcgrSvnf; rBuHKawGUbl;bl;/ 'DvdktvGefaumif;wJh tm½HkrsdK;udkyif edAÁmefvdkY ac:MuwmyJr[kwfvm;[k tawG;pdwf0ifum? rdrBd uKd ;yrf;qJ 0dyóemtm;xkwrf u I kd aemufapNy;D ? txifrmS ;? trSwrf mS ; Mu&if; vrf;aysmufoGm;Mu&ayonf/ ,ck uRefawmfwifjyaomtjzpfrsdK;onf uRefawmftygt0if w&m;"r® pwiftm;xkwfMuonhf a,m*Drsm;pdwfwGif jzpfay:Muayvdrhf rnf[k ,lqrdygonf/ xdkYaMumifh 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfMuonhftcg?

0dyóemnpfnL;aMumif;w&m; (10) yg;&Sdonhfteufu? yxrqHk;ae&m u Mobmotvif;a&mifjzpfay:jcif;tEÅ&m,fESihf BuHKawGU&jcif;yif jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpfjcif;onf trSeftm;jzihf uRefawmfwdkYtaejzihf w&m; tvkyftm;xkwfMuonhf a,m*Dwkdif;vdkvdk jzwfoef;Mu&rnhfc&D;vrf; wpfckrQomjzpfygonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom tm½Hkc&D;pOfrsdK;ESihf rBuHKawGU rcHpm;bl;aom a,m*D? txifrSm; trSwfrSm;jcif;rjzpfcJhbl;aom a,m*D [lí &SdMuvdrfhrnfrxifay/ tajccHtjzpf pdwfwnfNidrfatmif orm"dtm;aumif;atmif tm;xkwfMuonfhtcgwGif 0dwuf? 0dpm&? yDwd? okc? {u*¾wm[laom psmeft*Fgrsm;udk ydik Ef ikd af eatmif tavhtusijfh yKusiyfh grS? 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwMf uonht f cgrsm;wGif rdrw d \ Ykd pdwu f kd ½Irw S rf t I m½Hak y:odYk ñGw, f l í &Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ odkYr[kwfygu pdwfurcdkif owd,kdifjcif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ xdktjzpfrsdK;odkY a&muf&Sdonfqdkygu? Oyg'gefvdkY qdkonhf pdwftpGJtvef;rsm;u aESmuf,Sufjcif;udk cHpm;&ayvdrhfrnf/ xdkpGJvef;jcif; Oyg'gefw&m;rsm;qdkonfrSm(1) umrkyg'gef- umr*kPfü tvGefpGJvef;wwfaom wPSm? avmb/ (2) 'd|Kyg'gef- oDvAÁw y&mrmo? twå0g''d|d 2-rsdK;rSty usefaom'd|dt,lü pGJvef;wwfaom wPSm? avmb/ (3) oDvAÁwkyg'gef- ,kwfnHhrSm;,Gif;aom tavhtusihfwdkYudk usihfvQif? udavomrS pifMu,fonf/ oHo&mrSvnf; vGwfajrmufonf [k ,laom 'd|dt,lü pGJvef;wwfaom wPSm? avmb/ (4) twå0g'kyg'gef- twå&o dS nf[í l ,HMk unfajymqdrk üI pGv J ef; wwfaom wPSm? avmb[lonfh Oyg'ef (4) yg;jzpfonf/ ,if;Oyg'gefw&m; (4) yg;teuf tenf;qHk; wpfyg;r[kwf wpfyg;ESihf w&m;tm;xkwfaom a,m*Dwkdif; BuHKawGUwwfygonf/ uReaf wmfwYkd w&m;tm;xkwMf upOf orm"d&&Sv d mMuaomtcg wGif tvGefta&;BuD;aom tpdwftydkif;odkY a&muf&SdvmNyDjzpfygonf/

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ xdktcsdeftcgrsdK;wGif rdrdwdkYtm; oifMum;jyoay;ol ur®|mep&d,q&m \ rdefYqdkrSmMum;csuftwdkif; vkdufemtm;xkwfoihfygonf/ rdrdwdkY jrif& orQ awGU&orQtm½Hkrsm;udkvnf; w&m;jyq&mxHodkY jyefvnfajymMum; í a&SUqufrnforYkd nfykH ½Irw S t f m;xkw&f rnfukd awmif;cHzv Ykd t kd yfygonf/ xdkYaemuf q&mu a0zefoHk;oyfí csrSwfay;aomenf;vrf;twkdif; qufvuf½IrSwfoGm;zdkYomjzpfNyD; q&m\pum;udk aoGznfí pdwfwGif; xif[yfay:vGifaeaomaemufodkY rvkdufygrdMu&ef txl;owdjyKtyfyg onf/ w&m;tm;xkwfaeaoma,m*Donf rdrdtm;vrf;ñTefjyo oifMum;ay;aeaom ur®|memp&d,w&m;jyq&m\pum;udk ,HkMunfrI avsmhenf;í? rdrdjrifawGU&aom tm½Hkxif&m tvdkvkduf½IrSwfrdygu? rdrd \ "r®vrf;aMumif;ajymif;um wPSmOyg'gef\ vSnpfh m;ac:aqmif&modYk vdkufygrdvsufom;jzpfaernfudkvnf; txl;owdjyKtyfygonf/ q&m[lonf rdrd\wynhfrsm;udk wwfodvdrfrmaom wynhf tjzpf csD;ajr§mufoljzpfovdk? wpfcgwpf&HwGif rdrd\rl0g'wpfckwnf;om trSe[ f k w,loeftawG;rsKd ;jzihf w&m;"r®tay:wGif trSm;trSeq f ;kH jzwf wwfayao;onf/ xdaYk Mumifh rvkv d m;tyfaom trSm;rsm;ESifh BuKH awGUwwfMuum trSew f u,faygufa&mufEikd o f avmuf raygufa&mufbJ c&D;rwGiaf om jzpf&yfrsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&wwfygao;onf/ þodkYqdk&onfrSm twDaw teEÅb0rsm;pGmu jznhfusihfcJhbl; aom yg&rD"mwfcH&SdMuonhf a,m*Drsm;onf pdwfwnfNidrfrIorm"d\ taxmuftyH&h &Srd aI Mumihf twdwb f 0rsm;u jyKusicfh b hJ ;l aom ur®|mef; edrdwfrsm; xifjrifvmwwfMuygonf/ xdkodkYaom tajctaetcsdeftcg rsKd ;wGif ur®|mef;jyq&mvkyo f o l nf rdred m;vnfxm;oavmuf rlrv S í JG ? tjcm;aom ur®|mef;edrdwfrsm;udk trSm;[k qifjcifoHk;oyfqHk;jzwfrdrnf qdkygu? xdka,m*DtzdkY w&m;xl;&&Sd&ef twm;tqD;wpf&yfozG,f jzpfoGm;Edkifayonf/ xdkpum;udk oufaoom"utaxmuftxm;jyyg[kqdkvmyg vQif usrf;*efvmjzpf&yfrsm;jzihfom jyqdk&rnfjzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; &Sif\ vusfmawmf&H t*¾om0uBuD;jzpfawmfrlaom t&Sifom&dykwå&m rax&fBu;D ur®|mef;tay;rSm;cJrh aI Mumih?f oH;k ESpo f ;kH rd;k orm"dxal xmifyg aomfvnf; orm"dr&yJ pdwfjyefYvGihfjcif;jzihfom BuHKawGU&NyD;? w&m;tm; xkwfaomwynhftzdkY tcsdefukefvlyrf;&onhftjzpfrsdK;ESihf BuHKcJh&ygaom om"uwpf&yf&Sdygonf/ þtajctaersKd ;ü BuKH awGUwwfaom Oyg'gefw&m; 4-yg;xJrS umrkyg'gef umr*kPftm½HkwdkYudk tvGefpGJpGJvef;vef;ywfoufcJhzl;onhf pdwftpOfrsm; ae&m,lum 0ifa&mufvmwwfygonf/ xdkodkY0ifa&muf vmaompdwfudk tbd"r®ma'oemtvdkt&qdkygaomf axG&mav;yg; BuHpDpdwful;aom tBuHtpD pdwful;jzpfonhf? 0dwufapwoduf[kqdkyg onf/ xdk0dwufapwodufw&m;ü (1) umr0dwuú- umr*kPfESihf pyfvsOf;í BuHpDpdwful;jcif;/ umr0dwuf/ (2) Asmyg'0dwuú- olwpfyg; ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í BupH pD w d u f ;l jcif;/ Asmyg'0dwuf/ (3) 0d[d o H 0dwuú- olwpfyg;udk n§i;f qJz&Ykd ef BupH nfpw d u f ;l jcif;/ 0d[d H o0dwuf [lí&Syd gonf/ ,ckw&m;tm;xkwpf Of OD;pGm0ifa&mufvmwwf aom pdwfrSm umr0dwufjzpfygonf/ uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf e*drk v l a&S;OD;rqGuyif? umr*kPt f m½Hw k &m; rsm;udk tvGefyifcHkrifwyfrufMuaom tavh&SdMuygonf/ xdktm½Hkig;yg; xJrS wpfyg;yg;udk vGefvGefuJuJ pGJvrf;xm;olwpfOD;jzpfygrl ydkíom tpGJxlwwfygonf/ rdrdwdkYjzpfcsif? &,lcsifaomt&m0w¬K[lorQudk

15

udk,fwdkifudk,fus vHkYvjyKBudK;yrf;í rjzpfcJh? r&cJhonf&Sdaomf rdrdvdkcsif jzpfcsifaeaom t&mudk pdwful;yHkazmfí pdwfxJüpGJ,lodrf;ydkufxm;avh&Sd ygonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom yk*¾dKvfrsKd;onf w&m;bm0emtvkyfudk usihfBuH BudK;ukwftm;xkwfonfhtcg? orm"d pcef;avmufrSmyif xdktpGJ0dwuf pdwrf sm;u taESmift h ,Suaf y;wwfygonf/ trsm;tm;jzihf uReaf wmfwYkd Ak'¨bmomjrefrmvlrsKd;trsm;pkwdkY\ pdwftpGJonf? 0dZÆmpGJ? bdk;awmfpGJ? r,fawmfpGJ? e*g;odkuf? ukvm;odkuf? jrpdrf;odkuf? jreef;EG,fodkufponfh odkufpGJewfpGJ bdk;awmfpGJ[lonfh tpGJtvef;rsm;aeMuonfrSm txl;ajym p&mvdkrnfr[kwfay/ eudkurS wpfpHkwpfck tvdk&SdarQmfvihfNyD; tm;xkwfcJhaom a,m*Dwo Ykd nf tm½Hrk sm;xl;Nyq D o kd nfEiS fh ud, k u hf , kd u f kd txifBu;D pdw0f if um pdwfwGif;ü pGJ,lxm;aom Oyg'geftpGJrsm;u ae&m,lí vSnhfpm; jcif;udk cHMu&ayawmhonf/ taMumif;t&if;rSefudk rodaomf xdka,m *Donf ol\ pdwfü pGJxifvmaom pdwftpOfudk yk*¾dKvfwpfpHkwpfa,muf xifrSwfum vdkufygoGm;NyD; rlvOD;wnfaom vrf;aMumif;rS aoGznfí igw&m;&NyD[kxifrSwfvmwwfonf/ odkYaomf tcsKdUtcsKdUaom a,m*D yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf orm"dt&SdefaMumihf tjrif"mwfrsm;yg&&SdvmMuí rjriftyfEkdifaom t&mrsm;udkyg tm½HkcHí awGUjrifaompdwf tqihfjrihf rm;rIrsm; &&SdwwfMuygonf/ tm½Hkwpfckwnf;ü pdwfwnfMunfNidrfoufjcif;? {u*¾wm apwoduw f nf;[laom orm"donf orxorm"dEiS fh 0dyóem orm"d [lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdygonf/ ¤if;orm"d\ oabmw&m;rsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í w&m;tm;xkwfMuaom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwdkif; OD;pGmBudKwifavhvmxm;oihf onfh oabmwpf&yfvnf;jzpfygonf/ þodkY BudKwifí od&Sdxm;rSom vQif tvkypf cef;wGif rdr\ d rlvOD;wnfBuKd ;yrf;&m 0dyóemvrf;aMumif; udk ajzmihfwef;wnfhrwfpGm avQmufvSrf;oGm;EkdifMurnfjzpfygonf/ bm0emtvkyfonf uRefawmfwdkY oduRrf;em;vnfxm;aom tm½Hk(pdwf)rsm;ESihfrwlay/ aeYpOftcsdefESihftrQ cHpm;em;vnfaom tm½Hk rsKd;r[kwfay/ pum;ukefqdk&ygaomf avmuDtm½HkESihfavmukwå&m tm½Hk wdkYonf qefYusifbuf w&m;rsm;jzpfMuygonf/ avmuDtm½Hkonf oP²mefedrdwfrsm;xifjrifpGJ,lpD;arsm&mrS ]tmo0} odkY ul;ajymif;NyD; rdrd jrifawGUae&aom tm½HkwdkYudk tmoa0ga&pD;aMumif;BuD;ü pD;arsma&m ,Sufaygif;zufaysmf0ifoGm;um xdktm½HkwdkYudk ESpfoufcHkrif&mrS wPSm? Oyg'geftjzpfqufí qufí pD;0ifvmNyD;aemuf b0pufudk qufvuf vnfapywfaponhf b0? Zmwdqkdufa&mufapaom tm½Hkjzpfygonf/ avmukwå&mtm½Hkonf xkduJhodkYaom avmuDtm½kHrsKd;r[kwf ay/ 0dyóemÓPfpOfoabmonf rdrd½IrSwfodjrifvmaom tm½HkrSef orQudk y&rw¬tjrifrsm;tjzpfodkY ul;ajymif;xdawGUvmonftxd ½IrSwf &ayonf/ jzpfay:orQ ynwftm½Hkrsm;udk z,fcGmypf&ygonf/ odkYrS om y&rwfxif trSefjrifonfh 0dyóema,m*Dyk*¾dKvfjzpfvmayonf/ t&m0w¬K? yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufponf ynwfedrdwf? yk*¾vedrdwfrsm; tjzpf rdrd\ tod(ÓPf)wGif rxifjrif rjzpfay:ap&yg/ jrif&orQ awGU&orQ tawGUtxd todtjrif rSeforQwdkYonf yk*¾dKvfowå0g qdwo f Ok ;f aom "r®wpfcrk S "r®wpfco k Ykd obm0tm;jzihf ydik ;f jzwfy,fowf y,fcGmaejcif;rQom[k em;vnfoabmayguf&ygrnf/ w&m;½IrSwfpOf cE¨mudk,f\ azmufjyefrIaMumihf ylrI? at;rI? vIyfvIyf&G&G ydk;aumifrTm;aumifuav;rsm; &G&GwufouJhodkY udk,fwGif; xdawGUcHpm;rIESihf awmihfwif;cufxef jyif;xefpGm cHpm;&aom a0'em pmrsuf E S m 20 ok d Y rsm;ESihf BuHKawGU&wwfygonf/

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

16

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS cHpm;ítyg,fi&JodkYusav&m\/ vl w d k Y \ vuf t k y f c sD r d k ; jrwf E d k ; rI cH , l j cif ; xuf (3) &[ef;wdkY yg&mZduusí 'kóDvjzpfaom &[ef; onf &[ef;ppf[efaqmifí vlwdkY\ vuftkyfcsDrdk; jrwfEdk;rIudk cH,l\/ xdk'kóDv &[ef;tzdkY? vlwdkY vuftkyfcsDrdk; jrwfEdk;rIudk cH,ljcif;xuf xufvSpGmaom vSHjzihf&if0udk xdk;pdkufcH&jcif;aMumihf? wpfb0 wpfcg om aojcif;'ku?© aovke;D yg; 'kuu © o kd m &&Sad v&m\/ 'kuv © eG u f J tyg,f i&JodkYrusav&m/ &[ef;ppfa,mif [efaqmifí vlwdkY\ ½dkaojrwfEdk; vufpHk rdk;í &Sdcdk;uefawmhjcif;udk cH,ljcif;aMumihfESpfaygif;rsm;pGm qif;&J'ku©BuD; pGm cHpm;í tyg,fi&JodkYusa&mufav&m\/ o'¨ g &T i f v ef ; vl w d k Y vS L 'gef ; aom ouF e f ; (4) &[ef;wdkY yg&mZduusí 'kóDvjzpfaom &[ef;onf &[ef;ppf[efaqmifí o'¨g&Tifvef; vlwdkYvSL'gef;tyfaom ouFef;udk 0wf½Hkav\/ &[ef;wdkY xdk'kóDv &[ef;tzdkY o'¨g&Tifvef; vlwdkY vSL'gef;tyfaom ouFef;udk 0wf½Hk&jcif;xuf tvQHajymifajymif awmuf avmifaeaom oHyljym;jzihf &pfywfNcHKvTrf;cH&jcif;u jrwfvSacs\/ tvQHajymifajymif awmufavmifaeaom oHyljym;jzihf &pfywf NcHKvTrf;jcif;udk cH,l&jcif;aMumihf wpfb0 wpfcgom aojcif;'ku© aovk eD;yg;'ku©udkom &&Sdav&m\/ 'ku©vGefuJ tyg,fi&JodkY rusav&m/ &[ef;ppf[efaqmifí o'¨g&Tifvef; vlwdkYvSL'gef; tyfaom ouFef;udk 0wf ½ H k j cif ; aMumih f ? ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m BuD ; pG m aom'k u © ud k cH p m;í tyg,fi&JodkY usa&mufav&m\/ o'¨ g Munf j zL vl w d k Y v S L aom qG r f ; uG r f ; (5) &[ef;wdkY? yg&mZduusí 'kóDvjzpfaom &[ef;onf? o'¨gMunfjzL vlwdkYvSL'gef;tyfaom qGrf;? uGrf;? cJzG,fabmZOftm[m& udk pm;oHk;&m\/ &[ef;wdkY? xdk'kóDv&[ef;tzdkY o'¨gMunfjzL vlwdkYvSL tyfaom qGrf;? uGrf;? tm[m&udk pm;oHk;jcif;xuf? cHwGif;udk oHcRefcsdwf ESihf csw d zf iG í hf tvQaH jymifajymif awmufavmifaom oHawGcu J kd avmif; xnhfjycH&onfu jrwfvSao;\/ taMumif;um;? cHwiG ;f udk oHcRecf sw d jf zihf csw d zf iG í fh tvQaH jymif ajymif awmufavmifaeaom oHawGcJudk avmif;xnhfcH&jcif;aMumihf wpfb0wpfcgom ao&jcif;'ku©? aovkeD;yg;'ku©udkom &&Sdav &m\/ 'ku©vGefuJ tyg,fi&JodkY rusa&mufav&m/ &[ef;ppf[efaqmifí o'¨gMunfjzK vlwdkYvSL'gef;tyfaom qGrf;? uGrf;? tm[m&udk pm;oHk;jcif;aMumifh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm 'ku©udk cHpm; vsuf tyg,fi&JodkY usa&mufav&m\/ oH y l c k w if x uf ü td y f & jcif ; u jrwf v S a csao;\ (6) &[ef;wdkY yg&mZduusí 'kóDvjzpfaom &[ef;onf o'¨gMunfjzL vlwv Ykd LS tyfaom anmifapmif;tif;ysOüf xkid af etdyaf e\/ &[ef;wdYk &[ef;ppfa,mifaqmifaom xd'k ó k v D &[ef;tzd?Yk o'¨gMunfjzL vlwv Ykd LS tyfaom anmifapmif;tif;ysOx f ufü xdik af etdyaf e&jcif;xuf tvQaH jymifajymifawmufavmifaeaom oHycl w k ifanmifapmif;tif;ysOf xufwiG f twif;t"r®ypfcsojzih?f xdik &f tdy&f jcif;aMumihf wpfb0wpfcg om ao&jcif;'ku©? aovkeD;yg;'ku©udkom &&Sdav&m\/ 'ku©vGefuJ tyg,fi&JodkY rusa&mufav&m/ &[ef;ppf[efaqmifí o'¨gMunfjzL vlwdkYvSLtyfaom ckwif anmifapmif;tif;ysOfxufü xdkif&tdyf&jcif;aMumihf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm

BuD;pGm'ku©cHpm;&vsuf tyg,fi&JodkY usa&mufav&m\/ oH & nf y l t d k ; BuD ; xJ ypf c scH & onf u jrwf a o;\ (7) &[ef;wdkY yg&mZduusí 'kóDvjzpfaom&[ef;onf &[ef;tppf[efaqmifí o'¨gMunfjzKvlwdkYvSLtyfaom ausmif;udk rSD0J oHk;aqmifaexdkifav\/ &[ef;wdkY xdk'kóDv&[ef;tzdkY o'¨gMunfjzL vlwdkYvSLtyfaom ausmif;udk rSD0JoHk;aqmifaexkdifjcif;xuf tvQHajymif ajymif awmufavmifaeaom oH&nfyltdk;BuD;xJodkY OD;acgif;apmufxdk; ypfcscH&ojzihf? oH&nfylxJrSm aMurGepfjrKyfoGm;jcif;u jrwfvSao;\/ taMumif;um; tvQHajymifajymif awmufavmifaeaom oH&nfyltdk;BuD;xJodkY OD;acgif;apmufxdk;ypfcscH&ojzihf oH&nfylxJrSm aMurGepfjrKyfoGm;jcif;aMumifh? wpfb0wpfcgom ao&jcif;'ku©? aovk arsmyg;'ku©udkom &&Sdav&m\/ 'ku©vGefuJ tyg,fi&JodkY rusa&muf& av&m/ 'kóDvjzpfvsuf &[ef;tppf[efaqmifí o'¨gMunfjzL vlwdkY vSLtyfaom ausmif;udk rSD0JoHk;aqmifaexkdifjcif;aMumihf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm BuD;pGm'ku©cHpm;&vsuf tyg,fi&JodkY usa&mufav&m\/ 'um? 'umrtusd K ;? &[ef ; jzpf & usd K ;eyf a pzd k Y & m xdaYk Mumifh &[ef;wd?Yk oifwo Ykd nf ypön;f av;yg; 'g,um? 'g,d umrrsm; tusdK;&Sdapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? oifwdkY\ &[ef;jyK&usdK; eyfjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? BudK;pm;tm;xkwfusihfaqmifxkdufvSay\/ rd r d t usd K ;? ol w pf y g;tusd K ; tyÜ r m'vuf u d k i f x m; &[ef;wdkY? oifwdkYonf rdrdtusdK; olwpfyg;tusdK;ajrmfjrifí tyÜrm'w&m;vufuikd x f m;oihv f aS cswum;/ oDv? orm"d? ynm odum© oHk;yg;wdkYü rarhravsmhjcif;iSm BudK;pm;tm;xkwfxdkufvSacs\wum;/ þodkYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf opfyifajcmufrD;yHkw&m; jzpfaom ]]t*¾cd aE¨myrokweå af 'oemawmf}} udk &[ef;wdt Yk m; a[mMum; awmfrlavonf/ t*¾ d c aE¨ m yrok w å e f a [mMum;&jcif ; tusd K ; jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifa[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;a'oemawmf NyD;qHk;aomtcg? yg&mZduusaeaom 'kóDv&[ef;tyg; (60) wdkYonf aemifwBu;D pGm&Muí? aomu\tpGr;f aMumihf aoG;ylyu G yf u G t f efMuukef \/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; rdrdwdkY\ tjypfrsm;udk 0efcHavQmufxm;Mu Ny;D vQif omraPtjzpfü wnfMuvsuf odum© oH;k yg;udk tm;xkwBf uKd ;pm; Muojzihf? aomwmyeftcsdKU? ou'g*grftcsdKU? tem*grftcsdKU? ewfjynf vm;oltcsdKU jzpfMuukef\/ ck'´gEkck'´gu odu©myk'fvGefusL;í tmywfnpfayukefaom &[ef; (60) wdu Yk m; vlxu G í f jrwfpmG bk&m;ñTejf yawmfral om w&m;"r® wdu Yk kd qufvufusio fh ;kH tm;xkwMf uonfjzpfí azmfjyygenf;wl? aomwm yef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf? ewf&Gmok*wd? t&d,mom0utjzpfodkY a&muf&SdMuukefav\/ oDvESijfh ynhpf akH om &[ef; (60) wdu Yk m;? a'oemawmftqH;k ü oHa0*rS 0dyóemÓPf &ifhoefawmfrlMuum tmoa0gukefcrf; &[EÅm t&Sifjrwfrsm;tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdawmfrlMuavownf;/ pmud k ; / / (1) okwåefyd#uwf t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfESifh t|uxm/ (2) rHk&GmNrdKU ta&SUv,fwDwdkuf aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m; Bu;D t*¾r[my@dwb'´Eu Å @ k vjyKpak om r[mokw'DyeDusr;f ? yxrwG/J "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /

TALKS ABOUT THE TRUR STORY "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

17

taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&arS m f b D )

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) wd w f w d w f o G m ;í arS m if & d y f r S m pyg;&d y f r,f a wmf B uD ; onf rtd y f a o;acs/ [d k v k y f . ..'D v k y f e J Y rD;zdkaqmifrSm wukwfukwf jzpfaeonf/ pma&;olvnf; r,fawmfBuD;udk olcdk;acsmif;ovdk acsmif;NyD; tuJcwfae&onf/ olYom;&[ef; a[mufoHay;aeonfhaemuf rMumrDtcsdefwGif r,fawmfBuD;onf tdrfav;ay:uae ajcoHrMum;&atmif tomav; acsmif;eif;Ny;D atmufqif;oGm;avonf/ awmfawmfeYJ jyefwufrvmawmh ygacs/ pma&;oljzihf jyefwufEdk;Edk;eJY arQmfudk;apmihfpm;ae&if; arhwpfcsuf avsmhwpfcsufjzpfae&onf/ ESpef m&Dceft Y MumwGif r,fawmfBu;D ajcoHrMum;atmif jyefwuf vmonf/ rD;zdak qmifbuf cPwufNy;D jyefqif;oGm;onf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh tjyifxGufoGm;wmr[kwfawmhbJ tdrfaemufbufodkYoGm;avonf/ tdrfaemufbufu ajrjyifrSm w'kwf'kwfeJY i½kyfqHkoH Mum;ae &onf/ olY&JU i½kyfqHkoHaMumihf om;&[ef;wdkY Edk;aervm;? oHo,pdwf eJY rMumcP tdrfa&SUem;vmNyD; rdk;wdk;rwfwyfeJY tuJcwfaeonfh tae jzihf vmNyD;Munhfao;onf/ eHeufoHk;em&DcefYavmufwGif r,fawmfBuD;[m rD;zdkaqmifrSm qGr;f csuaf eNy;D ? rD;zdak qmifeYJ tdraf emufab; qif;vdu k ?f wufvu kd jf zpfNy;D Asmrsm;aeonf/ wpfnvHk;vnf; rtdyfyJ wukwfukwfeJY tvkyf½Iyfae onf/ pma&;olvnf; xdktcsdefwGif r,fawmfBuD;udk tuJcwfae&if; wcPwmrQ arS;ueJ tdyfaysmfoGm;awmhonf/ eHeufr;kd aomuf tvif;a&mufonft h cgwGif r,fawmfBu;D [m t½kPfqGrf;csufNyD;om;jzpfaeacsNyD/ pm;yGJcHkao;ao;ay:wGif qGrf;ESihf yJjyKwf ylylaEG;aEG;av; tqifoihfjyifESihfay;xm;avonf/ pma&;olonf tdr, f mrSxNy;D aemuf r,fawmfBu;D tajctae tajz&SmvdkpdwfeJY tdrfaemufab; i½kyfqHkoH Mum;&onfhae&modkY oGm;Munhfrdavonf/ awGUvdkufygNyD/ pyg;cGHawG? yJawmihfcGHawG yHkxm; onf/ tJ'gawGawGUawmh nu pyg;axmif;wm? yJaxmihfcGmwm[k rSwfcsuf,lxm;rdawmhonf/ r[kwfcgrSvGJa&m r,fawmfBuD;[m pyg; axmif;NyD;rS csufwJhqGrf;? yJawmihfcGmNyD;rS jyKwfwJhyJ jzpf&rnf tawG;eJY ,if;jzpf&yfudk ydkí pdwf0ifpm;oGm;&jyefonf/ pma&;ol tdyf,mrSxNyD;aemufwGif oli,fcsif;&[ef; tdyf,m rSxavonf/ r,fawmfBuD;onf om;twGuf rsufESmopfa&ay;NyD; aemuf qGrf;uyf&eftwGuf qGrf;pm;yGJcHkav;ab;rSm usHKUusHKUav;xdkifNyD; BudKae&Smonf/ arwå m ? apwem qG r f ; wpf e yf om;a& tarawmh om;wdaYk &mufvmwm aemufusvYkd tdrrf mS &Sdwmav;eJY csufNyD; qGrf;uyfw,f[k om;&[ef;udk tacsmhpum; ajym vsuf qGrf;uyfavonf/ r,fawmfBuD;&JU rsufESm&dyfrSm rjynhfrpHkuyf& vdkY tm;i,fpdwfawG tm;empdwfawG ,Sufoef;aeonf/

oli,fcsif;onf qGrf;yGJudkMunhf&if; tm*EÅK&[ef;ygvmwm awmif yJjyKwf[if;wpfcGufxJ uyf&yghrvm;vdkY nnf;wGm;vsuf rMunf omaom rsufESmxm;jzihf ajymqdkavonf/ oli,fcsi;f &JU pum;aMumihf r,fawmfBu;D wdo Yk m;trd tMum;rSm pma&;ol rsuEf mS b,fvx kd m;&rSE;f rodjzpfomG ;rdavonf/ r,fawmfBu;D [m þqGrf;wpfeyf uyfEdkifa&;twGuf b,fvdkvkyfae&ovJ[laom tawG; oli,fcsif;tuJcwfrMunhfavpG/ em;rvnfavpG[kyif pma&; oluyJ tawG;e,fcsJUae&onf/ r,fawmfBuD; csufuyfwJhqGrf;udk pm;ae &if; tarwpfOD;&JU apwem? arwåm? tepfemawGudk em;vnfpGmjzihf pOf;pm;&if; arwåmyGm;vsufae&awmh\/ om;&[ef;&JU pum;oHaMumihf r,fawmfBuD;rsufESmrSm ndKrdIif; oGm;wm wpfcsufudk pma&;ol owdjyKrdvdkufonf/ cPwmrQ pdwf raumif ; [ef j zpf N yD ; om;&[ef ; rsuf E S m ud k tNyH K ;av;eJ Y M unh f N yD ; ]aemufwpfcg qGrf;uyfvQif aumif;aumif;av; csufuyfrSmaygY bk&m;} [k avQmufxm;um NyHK;ae&Sm\/ r,fawmfBu;D rsuEf mS ndKriId ;f oGm;wm pma&;olom tuJcwfae í odvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ olYom;&[ef; oli,fcsif;uawmh rodvdkuf? rsufESmndKrdIif;oGm;wm[mvnf; rjynhfrpHk qGrf;uyf&vdkY tm;i,f? tm;emwJhpdwf rsufESm&dyfrSm jyjcif;omjzpfyg\/ qGrf;pm;NyD;wJhtcgusawmh oli,fcsif; &[ef;onf tjcm; aqGrsKd;rsm;tdrfokdY <uoGm;\/ pma&;oludkvnf; <uvdkufzdkY ac:ygonf/ odaYk omfvnf; pma&;olonf r,fawmfBu;D &JU jzpf&yfreS u f kd odví kd rvdu k f bJr,fawmfBuD; tdrfwGifusefcJhonf/ r,fawmfBuD;um; om;&[ef; aqGrsKd;awG tdrfudk <uxGufoGm; onfudk auseyfaomESvHk;tNyHK;rsufESmeJY aocsmpGm pl;pdkufMunhfNyD; yDwd awG a0jzmaeonf/ r,fawmfBuD;onf om;utvdkufrodvdkY t½dIufxdatmifajym qdkygaomfvnf; ]ydef;&Gufay: a&rwifovdk} jzLpifaom arwåmeJY tjypf rjrifbJ om;cspfwJh arwåmuydkí uJaeavonf/ tJ'Dvdkjzpfwm rdcif wdkif;&JU xm0&arwåmyg/ yumoe arwåmr[kwfyg/ r,fawmfBuD;&JU om;&[ef;udk odrnfpdk;&drfwJht&dyfudk pma&; ol odxm;ojzihf oli,fcsif;r&Sdjcif;[m tuGufaumif; wpfckjzpfaeacs \/ xdt k csed w f iG f pma&;oluyJ r,fawmfBu;D tm; Nz;D awmzse;f awm &rf;awmrSef;awmjzihf ajymvdkufrdyg\/ ]]r,fawmfBu;D nu wpfnvH;k rtdyyf u J ;kd r,fawmfBu;D bmawG vkyaf ew,fqw kd m OD;yÍÆi;f tm;vH;k odygw,f}} [k qdv k u kd af wmh r,fawmf BuD; rsufvHk;jyL; yg;pyft[om; jzpfoGm;avonf/ xdt k cg pma&;olu qufNy;D ar;vdu k w f mu ]]r,fawmfBu;D nu tdrfaemufab;rSm pyg;axmif;aewmrdkYvm;? tJ'Dpyg;uvnf; oGm;NyD; &dwf&wm r[kwfvm;}} ponfjzihf ar;vdkufonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

18

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U (,cif t ywf r S t quf )

pwk o pö or® m 'd | d e d a '´ o pwk o pö o r® m 'd | d q d k o nf u m; (1) 'ku©trSefudk odaom ÓPfwyg;?

(2) 'ku©\ yGm;pD;aMumif;trSefudk odaom ÓPfwpfyg;/ (3) 'ku©\ Nidrf;rItrSefudk odaom ÓPfwpfyg;/ (4) 'ku©\ Nidrf;jcif;odkY aygufa&mufaMumif;jzpfaom y#dywfvrf; rSefudk odaom ÓPfwpfyg;/ þ 4 yg;udk pwkopöor®m'd|d ac:onf/ opöm 4 yg;\ tus,fudkrlum; igwdkY pD&ifaom pwkopö 'DyeDusrf;rSm Munhf½IMuav? tusOf;rQudkom þusrf;ü jyqdkaytHh/ 1- 'k u © o pö or® m 'd | d Ó Pf vlYpu©Kç ewfpu©Kç jA[®mhpu©Kponfrdrdü wG,fwmaom vlç ewfç jA[®m owå0gwdu Yk kd vGepf mG ESyd pf uf n§i;f yef;wwfonfjzpfí aMumuf rufzG,f aumif;vSaom teufaMumihf 'ku©om trSefjzpf\/ xdkYtwl vlYaomwç ewfaomwç jA[®mhaomwwdkYonf¤if;? vlYCmeç ewfCmeç jA[®mhCmeonf¤if;? vlYZd0Smç ewfZd0Smç jA[®mhZd0Smonf¤if;? vlYum,ç ewfum,ç jA[®mhum,onf¤if;? vlYraemç ewfraemç jA[®mhraemonf ¤if;? rdrdüwG,fwmaom vlç ewfç jA[®mudk vGefpGmESdyfpuf n§if;yef;wwf onfjzpfí aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vSaom teufaMumihf 'ku©rsKd;om trSefjzpf\/ xdk 6 yg;wdkYwGif pu©Konf tb,frQavmufaom 'ku©'Pf tcsuw f jYkd zihf owå0gudk ESyd pf ufni§ ;f yef;avoenf;[lru l m;? ocFg&'Pf csufjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ 0dy&dPmr 'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ 'ku©- 'ku©'Pf csufjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ wenf;um; ocFg&'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ oEÅmy'Pfcsuf jzihf ESdyfpuf\? 0dy&dPmr 'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ wenf;um; Zmwd'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\? Z&m'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\? r&P 'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ wenf;um;? &m*rD;udyk mG ;pD;apí ESyd pf uf\/ a'gorD;udyk mG ;pD; apí ESdyfpuf\? arm[rD;udkyGm;pD;apí ESdyfpuf\? rmerD;udkyGm;pD;apí

Appendix 1 Thirty two kinds of talk obstructing fruition and rebirth in higher planes: (1) Ra-jakatha- – Talk about kings.

(2) Corakatha- –Talk about robbers.

(3) Maha-matta-katha- – Talk about ministers of state.

(4) Sena-katha- – Talk about armies (5) Bhayakatha- – Talk about dangers.

(6) Yuddhakatha- – Talk about battles.

(7) Annakatha- – Talk about food.

(8) Pa-nakatha- – Talk about drinks.

(9) Vatthakatha- – Talk about clothing.

(10) Sayanakatha- – Talk about dwellings.

(11) Ma-la-katha- – Talk about garlands.

(12) Gandhakatha- – Talk about perfumes.

(13) Na-tikatha- – Talk about relations.

(14) Ya-nakatha- – Talk about vehicles.

(15) Ga-makatha- – Talk about villages.

(16) Nigamakatha- – Talk about market towns.

(17) Nagarakatha- – Talk about towns.

(18) Janapadakatha- – Talk about districts.

(19) Itthikatha- – Talk about women.

(20) Su- rakatha- – Talk about heroes.

(21) Visikha-katha- – Talk about streets.

(22) Kumbhat.t.ha-nakatha- – Talk about watering places.

(23) Pubbapetakatha- – Talk about relatives have passed away.

(24) Na-natta-katha- – Tittle- tattle.

(25) Lokakkha-yika katha- – Talk about the origin of the world.

(26) Samuddakkha-yikakatha- – Talk about origin of the ocean.

(27) (Numbers 27 or 32 are know ltibhava-bhavakatha-)– Talk about Eternity belief.

(28) Talk about Annihilation belief.

(29) Talk about Worldly gain.

(30) Talk about Worldly loss.

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

19

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. ESdyfpuf\? 'd|drD;udkyGm;pD;apíESdyfpuf\? udavom tmo0w&m;udk yGm;pD;apí EdSyfpuf\? ygPmwdygw tp&Sdaom 'kp½dkufw&m;wdkYudk yGm;pD;apí ESdyfpuf\/ ZmwdrD;? Z&mrD;? r&PrD;? aomurD;? y&da'0rD;? 'ku©rD;? a'greórD;? Oyg,morD;wdkYudkyGm;pD;apí ESdyfpuf\/ ocF g &'Pf c suf q d k o nf u m; a&S ; b0ü uk o k d v f u H u d k tm;xkwfEkdifrS aemufb0ü vlYpu©K? ewfpu©K? jA[®mhpu©K? jzpfay:\/ tm;rxkwEf idk cf v hJ Qif i&Jpu©K? wd&pämefpu©K? Nyw d må pu©K? tok&um,fpu©K jzpfí oGm;\/ xdkYaMumihf ok*wdpu©Konf ukokdvfrI[laom ocFg& 'ku©'Pf ÓPfjzihf owå0gwdkYudk tNrJESdyfpuf\/ aemufb0üvnf; rysupf ;D & atmif apmihaf &SmufaxmufyrhH [ I al om ocFg&'ku'© Pfcsujf zihf tNrJESdyf puf\/ þodkYvQif ok*wdpu©Konf owå0gwdkYudk ocFg&'ku© 'Pf c suf jzih f tNrJ E S d y f p uf \ ? tNrJ E S d y f p uf r I q k d o nf u m;? terw*¾oHo&mü ocFg& rIESihf uif;íjzpfay:aom ok*wdpu©K[lí wpfpHkwpfckrQ r&SdaomaMumihf qdkownf;/ 0d y &d P mr'Pf c su suf qd k o nf u m; ysuf p D ; cG i h f q d k u f c J h v Qif cPjcif ; ysuf p D ; wwf a om tavh u d k qk d o wnf ; ? y#d o aE¨ r S p í rysufpD;Ekdifaom tcg[lí rsufawmifwcwf vQyfwjyufrQ r&Sd? ysufpD;rnfudk aMumihfMu &ef tcGihftvrf; tNrJyg&Sdí ae\? ysufpD;í oGm;jyefvQif BuD;pGmaom 'ku©jzpf\? þodkYvQif ok*wdpu©Konf owå0gwdkYudk 0dy&dPmr'Pfcsuf jzihf tNrJESdyfpuf\/ 'ku©'ku©'Pfcsufqdkonfum; um,du'ku©? apwodu'ku© udkqdkownf;? i&Jpu©K? Nydwåmpu©K? tok&um,fpu©KjzpfcdkufBuHKaom tcg xdk'ku© 'ku©'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpufrI? xif&Sm;\? ESvHk;romzG,faom tm½HkudkawGUjrifí ESvHk;romjcif; jzpfaom tcgü¤if;? xdkESvHk;rom&Sdí xdkxdkum,du'ku©rIudk jyKaomtcgü¤if;? 'ku©'ku©'Pfjzihf ESdyfpuf\/ rsufpdü a&m*gOy'fjzpfaomtcgü¤if;? pu©Kudk apmihfa&SmufaxmufyHh rIrsKd;ESihf pyfvsOf;í um,du'ku©? apwodu'ku©udk cH&aom tcgü¤if; pu©Konf 'ku©'ku©'Pfcsufjzihf ESdyfpuf\? þodkYvQif pu©Konf owå0g wdkYudk 'ku©'ku© 'PfcsufwdkYjzihf tNrJESdyfpuf\? aemufoHk;yg;wdkYü ocFg& 'Pfcsuf? 0dy&dPmr'PfcsufwdkYonf a&SUoHk;yg;twdkif;yifwnf;/ oEÅmy'Pfcsu suf qdkonfum; pu©Küjzpfaom udavom ponf twG u f yl y ef r I u d k qd k o wnf ; / þoEÅ m y'Pf c suf o nf

(31) Talk about Self- indulgence.

(32) Talk about Self- mortification.

Appendix 2 Twenty- one kinds wrong livelihood for bhikkhus 1. Vejjakammam. karoti– Medical practic.

2. Datakammam. karoti– Acting as a messenger 3. Pahin.a kammam. karoti– Doing things at the behest of lay men.

4. Gandam. pha-leti – Lencing boils.

5. Arumakkha-n.am. date– Giving oil for medical application.

6. Uddham. virecanam. date – Giving emetics 7. Adho virecanam. deti– Giving purgative 8. Natthutelam. pacati– Preparing oil for nose treatment.

9. Pivanatelam. pacati– Preparing oil for medicine.

10. Veluda-nam. deti– Presenting bamboos.

11. Patta-da-nam. deti– Presenting leaves.

12. Pupphada-nam. deti– Presenting flowers.

13. Phalada-nam. deti– Presenting fruits.

14. Sina-nada-nam. deti– Presenting soapclay.

15. Dantakat.t.hada-nam. deti– Presenting troth sticks.

16. Mukhodakada-nam. deti– Presenting water for washing the face.

17. Cun.n.amattikada-nam. deti– Presenting day powder.

18. Ca-t.ukamyam. karoti– Using flatering speech.

19. Muggasu-piyam. karoti– Acting like half cooked bean soup (speaking half-truths) 20. Pa-ribat.yam. karoti– Fondling children. .

21. Janghapesaniyam. karoti– Running errands.

Appendix 3 Kuhana-di miccha-j1-va. Wrong living by means of trickery and deception.

1. Kuhana- – Making people have an unduly high opinion of oneself to get alms. (a) by pretending that one does not want to receive

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

aemufü&m*rD;udk yGm;pD;apjcif;? a'gorD;udk yGm;pD;apjcif; ponfyifwnf;? pu©Konf þrQavmufaom 'ku'© Pfcsujf zihf owå0gwdYk udk vGepf mG ESyd pf uf n§if;yef;wwfonfjzpfí terw*¾oHo&mü twGif;t*FgBuD;wpfck jyKvkyfí usifvnf&eftwGuf aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vSaomaMumihf 'k u © r sKd ; om trS e f j zpf o wnf ; ? aomw? Cme? Zd 0 S m ? um,? raemwdkYüvnf; xdkenf;twl 'ku©'Pfcsufudk tus,f qdkav/ þodkYvQif pu©Ktp&Sdukefaom awwlru w&m;wdkYwGif wckck aom w&m;ü rsm;pGmaom 'ku©'Pfcsuf 'ku©vu©PmwdkYudk aumif;pGm xifjrifEkdifaom ÓPfonf 'ku©trSefudk jrifaom or®m'd|dÓPfrnf\/ 'ku©opöm or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ 2- ork ' ,opö or® m 'd | d Ó Pf tMuifrQavmufaom oHo&mumvywfv;kH pu©Kukd ig\ Opöm [k wG,w f mpGv J ef;\/ ig[líwG,w f mpGv J ef;\? ig\ twå[í l wG,w f m pGv J ef;\? xdrk Qavmufaom oHo&mumvywfv;kH pu©Konf yGm;pD;íom ae\/ pu©K\ 'PfcsufwdkYonf b0tpOf yGm;pD;íom aeukef\/ xdaYk Mumihf pu©Kü wG,w f m pGv J ef;aom wPSmavmbonf 'ku\ © yGm;pD; pmrsuf E S m 15 rS xdktcgrsKd;wGif w&m;tm;xkwfaeaom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf xdka0'emrsm;udk rcHpm;vdkí txdkifb,fnmwapmif; ajymif;vkdjcif; tm;xkwfrIudk &yfem;ypfvdkjcif;ponf pdwftpOfrsm;jzpfay:vmygonf/ xdktcsdefwGif rdrdtwdwfu Mum;zl;em;0&Sdxm;aom taMumif;rsm;u yk * ¾ d K vf w pf O D ; wpf a ,muf y rm rd r d t m; appm;vmygawmh o nf / onfoabmudkyif yk*¾dKvfBuD;u cdkif;onf? rnfonhfae&mwGifoGm;í w&m;tm;xkwf&rnf/ rnfonfhbk&m;rSm 0dyóemw&m;r[kwfyJ ykwD; pdyf&rnfponf ponf trdefYay;apcdkif;onfh txifrsm;tjrifrsm; jzpfay:vmayawmhonf/ uRefawmfwdkYudk,fwkdif BuHKawGUcJh&aom udk,fawGUjzpfpOf wpf&yfudk wifjyvdkygonf/ uRefawmfonf orx? 0dyóem[laom pum;udkyif teuft"dyÜg,fbmrQ rodrDtcsdefwGif rdrd\ pD;yGm;a&;?

Bu;D yGm;a&;? &mxl;? XmeEÅ& wd;k wufa&;wdt Yk wGuf olwpfyg; tajymtqdk wdkYudk taMumif;cHNyD; bm0emtvkyfudk pwifí tm;xkwfcJhygonf/ twdwfb0u rdrdjyKcJhonhf yg&rD"mwftcHaMumihf[k qdkEkdifyg onf/ w&m;"r®EiS fh pyfí vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; em;rvnfygaomfvnf; w&m; pí tm;xkwfvdkufonfqdkonfESihf tcsdeftenf;i,frQtwGif; rdrd\ pdwrf sm;[dak &muf'aD &mufrjzpfawmhbJ wnfMunfNird o f ufí orm"dtm; aumif;vmygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfay:vmaom orm"d\ tusKd;aMumifh udk,fpdwfNidrf;at;rIqdkonfh yDwdokc tqihfudk a&muf&SdcHpm;&ygonf/ xdkpOf uRefawmf\ pdwfxJwGif igawmh w&m;ppfawGUNyD[k xifrdvdkufygonf/ rdrdawGUjrifcHpm;&aom tm½Hkay:wGif pGJí wpdkuf rwfrwf tm;xkwfaerdygonf/ 0D&d,aumif;jcif;aMumihf[k qdk&rnfjzpf ygonf/ odyfrMumaomtcsdefwGif uRefawmf\ tm½Hkü Mobmotvif; a&mifwdkYudk xifjrifawGU&Sdvmygonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmf\ pdwftpOfrSm avmuDta&;wdkYudkom pdk;rdk;xif[ufvsuf jzpfay:aeygonf/ ¤if;pdwf tpOfrsm;rSm trSefpifppf avmuDtusKd;pD;yGm;? BuD;yGm;csrf;omcsifonfh qE´aMumihfjzpfay:awGUjrifae&aom tm½Hkedrdwfrsm;omjzpfygonf/ uReaf wmfjrifae&onfrmS ESpv f ;kH oH;k vH;k ponf *Pef;twdwef rd w d rf sm;om jrifawGUae&jcif;jzpfygonf/ bm0emtvkyfudk tm;xkwfpOf? rlvjzpfcsifaeaom pdwfwdkY ½dkufcwfí xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom edrdwftm½Hkrsm;udkjrifawGUvmaom tcg rdrdqdkufa&mufaeonfh jzpfpOfjzpf&yfay:wGif om,mwyfruf&mrS

alms, but accepts only for the sake of the donors. (b) by pretending that one has attained jha-na, magga and phala, (c) by feigning deportment so as to make people think one is an ariya, 2. Lapana- – Talking to please donors with a view to acquiring gain, honour and renown.

3. Nemittikata- – Inviting offerings by giving all kinds of hints.

4. Nippesikata- – Harassing so as to induce offerings.

5. La-bhenala-bham. nijig1-sanata- – Giving something with a view to getting something more.

aMumif; trSefjzpf\/ aomw? Cme? Zd0Sm? um,? raemwdkYüvnf; xdkenf;wl jrifav/ þodkY jrifaomÓPfonf 'ku©\ yGm;pD;aMumif; trSefudk jrifaom or®m'd|dÓPfrnf\/ ork',opö or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) auseyfESpfoufNyD; pdwfBuD;0ifvmjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ xdkonfhaemufwGif pdwfBuD;0if&mrS wqihfwufírdrdudk,frdrd xGuf&yfayguf yk*¾dKvftxifa&muf? bdk;awmfpdwfaygufvmNyD;aemuf? awGUorQval wGukd twdwaf y;edrw d af y;jzpfvmygawmhonf/ xdo k Ykd rdrad y; vdkufaom twdwfedrdwfrsm;u rSefuefvmcJhvQif udk,fhudk,fudk udk,f 0dZmÆ txifa&mufum rlvBuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwcf ahJ om w&m;rsm; b,fa&muf b,faygufukefrSef;rodjzpfvmygonf/ xdkuJhodkY rdrday;vdkufaom twdwfrrSefjyefcsifvnf;? twdwf xl;edrdwfxl;rsm;&atmif ,lrnfqdkNyD; aeYrem; nrem; rpm;raomuf rtdyfpuftm;cJí BudK;pm;tm;xkwfonfhtcg ttdyfysuf tpm;ysuf jzpfvmygonf/ rdru d , kd u f kd rdrt d xifBu;D xm;onft h avsmuf xiforQ jriforQ tm½HkcHpm;rIudk t[kwfBuD;rSwfí om,maerdonf/ odkYaomf ½kyfwdkY\ oabmonf tpmtm[m&axmufyHhí em;aetdyfpuf&ygrS usef;rm csrf;omEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmf\ pdwfonf yHkrSefr[kwfawmhyg/ tpm; rrSe?f ttdyrf rSerf w I aYkd Mumih?f tm½Hek rd w d rf sm;rSwqihf pdww f iG ;f jzpfay:vm aom pdwfwGif;pum;rsm;udk owdw&m;jzihf rxdef;rcsKyfEkdifMuawmhay/ ajymp&may:vmaomtaMumif;rsm;udv k nf; ajymoihf rajymoihrf pOf;pm; rqifjcifEidk af wmhyJ ol½;l wpfa,mufyrm ajymrSm;qdrk mS ;rsm;jzpfvmygawmh onf/ uRefawmf\ udk,fawGUjzpfpOf jzpf&yfrsm;onf udk,frodudk,f ra&mufzl;aom t&yfa'orsm;okdY a&mufoGm;onfhtcg xl;jcm;onhf 0w¬Ktm½HkrSeforQ jrifrdonfESihf ESpfoufpGJvef;aeum rdrdoGm;vdk&m rlv OD;wnf&mt&yfXmeodkY ra&mufawmhbJ vrf;vGJNyD; &Gmvnfaeonfh oabmESihfwlvSygonf/ xdu k o hJ aYkd om ud, k af wGUjzpf&yfrsm;udk w&m;tm;xkwMf uygaom a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vrf sm; "r®A[kow k jzpfum qifjcifawmfrEl idk Mf uap&ef today; azmfjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]w&m;jrwfEdk; wefzdk;xm;Muygukefaom "r®cspfcif olawmfpif taygif; ÓPftvif;aygufawmfrlMuygapvdkY.....}} Ekdifcifa&T(a&Tjynfom)

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

21

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) 0d Z Æ m omoem tod o mvd k & if ; wpfzefvnf; xdkodu©moHk;qihfudkvnf; vdk&if;rQxkwfjy&acs aomfum; odrIwpfckwnf;omwnf;/ tusihfrSeforQ od&efodkYom a&S;½Ionfjzpf&m rnfonfhenf; jzihf usifh&ef odvQif&Sd\/ todqHk; vrf;qHk;\/ odrYk [kwf rnfonfph cef;wGif rnfonfh vrf;pOfjzifyh ifomG ;oGm; toGm;&yfvQif vrf;jywf\/ odkYygí obm0"r®wdkY\ t&Sdudk t&Sdtwdkif; yif od&ef[laom 0dZÆmÓPf&ihfoefygap&efvnf;aumif;obm0t&Sd\ oabmoGm;udk rdojzihftp\ tqHk;udkod&ef [laom t&[wåzdkvfac: 0dZÆm0drkwdåÓPftjrif oefap&efvnf;aumif;? omoemh0efxrf;om;rsm; onf ,if;od&efodkYom OD;wnfvsuf &Sdaom omoem\ odu©moHk;qifh wdkYudk wpfckwnf;aom pdwfjzihf jznhfusihfMuukef&m\/ xdo k u d m© oH;k qihf tusiv fh rf;ay:odYk wufMu&mwGif wufenf; trsK;d rsK;d &Sad eonft h xJrS tvG,u f q l ;kH ESifh tusO;f qH;k enf;onfum;.. oAÁ y gyó tum&PH uk o vók y orÜ ' g opd w å y &d a ,m 'gyeH {wH Ak'¨e omoeH þpum;awmf oHk;&yfygaywnf;/ rpif w pf p uf u xrif ; wpf c G u f v H k ; ysuf p D ; apEk d i f o nf raumif;aomtrI bmwpfckrS rjyKusihfbJ ae&rnf/ (1)/ oAÁygyót& raumif;rIqo kd nfrmS owå0gwdt Yk m; raumif; aomvrf;odkY wGef;ydkYypfcsay;wwfonfh ]'kp½dkuf} w&m;rsm;wnf;/ 'k=raumif;aom olwpfyg;wdkYvnf; pufqkwfwwf aom p&dw=tusihfrsm; 'kp&dw= raumif;aomtusihfqHk;? tusihfysuf? tusihfrSm; 'kp½dkufw&m;rsm;? ,if; 'kp½dkufw&m;wdkYrSm q,frsKd;yif jym;acs\/ (u) ud k , f j zih f rd k u f r S m ;jcif ; 1/ olYtouf owfjzwfjcif;?

2/ ydik &f iS o f nf ud, k Ef w I Ef pS yf g;? wpfyg;yg;jzihf cGifh rjyKonfwu Ykd kd ,liifjcif;? ausmfeif;jcif;?

3/ tkyx f ed ;f olrsm;\ oabmwlMunfjzLpGm cGijfh yK csurf &olEiS fh umr&r®uf pyf,SufvGefusL;rdjcif;? þum; udk,fxdvufa&mufjyKrlrdonfh raumif;aomtusihf qdk;? tusihfysufoHk;rsKd;wnf;/

rSwfcsuf/ / txufygoHk;csufwdkYESihf qufoG,faeaom acsmif;ajrmif;vsuf cdk;Munhfjcif;? wpfzufcGihfrjyKbJ ajymifcdk;Munhfjcif;? em;axmifjcif;? erf;½Iwfjcif;? udkifwG,fjcif;wdkYrSmvnf; bk&m;&Sif arxkef i,ftjzpfjzihf a[mMum;xm;ojzihf þü oGif;,lygav/ cdk;rIüvnf; ae&majymif;jcif;? pm&if;vdrfjcif;? pm&if;azsmuf jcif;ponhf ESpfq,hfig;rsKd;wdkYudkvnf; þüyif oGif;,lygav/ (c) pum;jzih f rd k u f r S m ;jcif ; (1) rrSefpum; rkom;qdkjcif;?

(2) wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; txifvGJrSm;aponfh ukef;acsm pum; rkom;qkdjcif;/ (3) qJa&;wdkifxGmrIjzihf rkom;qdkjcif;?

(4) r*fzdkvftNyD; tcsnf;ESD;pum;? avmuDtusKd; avmukwf tusKd; ESpfrsKd;rNyD; tcsnf;ESD;pum;? &,fp&mpum;/ yHkjyifpum;? ajymMum;vsufu rkom;qdkjcif;/ þum; EIwfjzihfjyKrlonhftusihfysuf av;rsKd;wnf;/ rSwfcsuf/ / txufygav;rsK;d wdEYk iS fh qufE, G af eaom rdru d vdrfnmvdkaomapwem ryg&Sdaomfvnf; rdrdwyftyfxifxif rodjrifyg yJvsuf wpfzufom; tusK;d enf;aponfh tvGrJ mS ;rsK;d ajymqdrk yd guvnf; þüyif oGif;,lygav/ (*)ud k , f E I w f w d k Y t m; trd e f Y a y; Bud K ;ud k i f a eaom pd w f r d k u f r sm; txufyg ckepfrsKd;wdkYjzihf qdkif&m(wpfzuf&Sd) 0w¬Ktm½Hktay: vGefusL;rI txajrmufatmifjrifoGm;ap&ef twGif;raemrSaeí (1) aoG;xdk;vHIUaqmfay;jcif;?

(2) OD;aqmifvrf;jyay;jcif;?

(3) t&omcH,lum rSwfcsufcsay;jcif; xdkoHk;rsKd;wdkYjzihf Budwfykef;vGefusL;vsuf&Sdaom raemjypf tusifh qdk;onfvnf; oHk;rsKd;yif &Sdygacs\/ ¤if;wdkYrSm 1/ wpfzuf&dS 0w¬Ktm½Hw k \ Ykd tay:ü xdw k pfzuf um,uH&iS f rodapbJ qmavmifjyif;jypGm jypfrSm;aeonfhtBuHqkd;u wpfrsKd;?

2/ ¤if;0w¬Ktm½HkwdkYudk qdkif&mudk,fEIwfrsm;u vGefusL;í ray; rcsif; tvdkrus? tm;r&pdwfjzihf ylqmaewwfonfh tBuHqdk;u wpfrsKd;/ 3/ ud, k Bf uKd uu f taumif;xif? ud, k rf BuKd uf tqd;k jrifum arSmufarSmuf rSm;rSm; jypfrSm;aeonfh tBuHqdk;u wpfrsKd;wnf;/ xdkoHk;rsKd;wdkYwGif tbdZÑmac: tvdkBuD;jcif;? &r®ufjyif;xefjcif; onfum; wpfzufom;tm; udk,fpdwfESpfrsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzihf jypfrSm;ay; &ef tNrJyif ylqmwwfacs\/

DHAMMA VIRA DHAMMA

22

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udk,fcsif;pmwJhvm; (xG e f ; wih f a tmif ) uRefawmfonf &efukefNrdKUwGif;odkY NrdKUywf? avmfu,frD;&xm;jzihf aeYpOfoGm;í tvkyfvkyfaeonf/ rD;&xm;jzihf oGm;&onfrSm ESpfrsdK;oufomonf/ wpfrsdK;u p&dwfpu oufomí aemufwpfrsdK;u pD;eif;vkdufyg&rI oufomonf/ vdik ;f um;pD;&onfEiS fh EdiI ;f ,SOv f Qif c&D;onf acsmifonfcsif;? usyfonfcsif;wlOD;? rD;&xm;u oufaomihfoufom&Sdonf[kxif onf/ um;pD;vQif oGufvufzswfvwfaezdkY vdo k nf/ armif;&mwGiv f nf; um;urlrrSe/f jref jrefarmif;csifarmif;onf/ aES;aES;armif;csif armif;onf/ tNydKifarmif;vQif c&D;onfrsm; bk&m;wae&onf/ tcefYroifhvQif b&dwfudk aqmihfeifhí ½kwfw&uf &yfwwfonf/ xdktcg rsd K ;wG i f c&D ; onf r sm; 'k u © a &muf & onf /

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ tukdBuD;rvmcifwpfywfrSm uRefr twGuf MumvSonf[kxifygonf/ vmrnf ajymxm;onhf ESpf&uftvdk]]uvif uvif}} ]][vd-k }} ]][vkd- av;av;ti,fav;vm;}} ]]at;- [kwfw,f? bmudpö&SdvkdYvJ? bmvJ tudBk u;D vmr,ft h csed Bf uKzd aYdk jymrvkv Yd m; av;av;i,f tukefpDpOfNyD;om;? Zufqdyfukd um;tBuKv d w T af y;r,f? yckuLú u xGuv f mr,fh tcsdefomajym}} uRefrtxufu trBuD;\om;u csufcsif; bmrQjyefrajz/ ]][Jh- bmjzpfaewmvJ ajymav}} ]][k-d [kd nu OD;av;Bu;D rl;vJusomG ; vdkY aq;½kHwifvkduf&w,f}} ]]bm- bmajymw,f}} ]]tJ ' g tck av;av;i,f v mcJ h z k d Y zkef;qufwm}} xdwv f efw Y ek v f yI rf rI sm;? pk;d &dryf yl efpw d f rsm;ESihf yckuúLukd tjrefoGm;a&mufcJh&ygonf/ cgwdkif; uRefr yckuúLukdjyefvmwdkif; tdrfa&SUrS xGufí ESri,fukd NyKH;&TifMunfEl;pGm qD;BuKdaewwfcJhaom uRefr\tukdBuD;/ ,ck uRefrukdxGufí qD;rBuKdEkdif &Smawmhyg/ 0kdif;íidk,kdMuoHrsm;ukd uRefr bmrS rMum;Ekdifawmhay/ tukdBuD;ukd aq;½kHrS tdrfukd jyefac:vmNyD;rS uRefrxH zkef;quftaMumif; Mum;jcif;jzpfygonf/ Nid r f o uf p G m vJ a vsmif ; vsuf & S d a e aom tudkBuD;ukdMunhfí]]tudBk u;D nDrav;qD vmaetk;H r,f aemf? vmr,faemf}} qkdaom zkef;xJrSajymaom tudkBuD;\pum;oHrsm;? xkdtoHonf uRefr twGuf tudkBuD;\ aemufqkH;ajymaompum; jzpfrnfqkdonfukd uRefr rodEkdifcJhygay/ tudkBuD;vmrnfh&uf 5 &ufomvdk awmhonf/ 4 &ufomvkad wmhonf/ 3 &ufom vk d a wmh o nf / 2 &uf o mvd k a wmh o nf / ]reufjzef} qkdvQif.. vufcsKd;ía&wGufcJhrdol uRefr../ oGm;udkufíoGm;Ekwfxm;oltukdBuD; naeapmif;wGif jrpfBuD;em;aumvdyfodkY ajymif; a&GUoGm;&rnhfnDrESihf (uRefr trBuD;) xkdifí pum;ajymae&mrS]]rl ; w,f a [h - rl ; w,f ? rl ; w,f } } ajymí csufcsif;yif aq;½kHodkYoGm;a&muf&ef pDpOfMuygonf/ aq;½kHoGm;&mwGif um;ay:okdY olu, dk w f ikd f vrf;avQmufíwufxidk Ef idk yf gonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ w&ef r S ck c H u muG , f & ef &mZN*d K [f N rd K U ajrmuf b uf ü cH w yf N rd K Uwnf a qmuf o nf / aemif t cg w½k w f c &D ; onf B uD ; zm[D , ef vma&mufpOf wHwidk ;f twGi;f ü bke;f Bu;D ausmif; ESpfausmif;awGU&onf[k rSww f rf;wifco hJ nf/ aemuf x yf a &muf v maom [l , if q if u rl ysufpD;rIjzihf ajcmufuyfaeygNyD[k qdkonf/ a&S;acwfu &mZN*dK[f (&mZ*[)/ ,ckacwf ürl &m*sf*D;&f (Rajgir)jzpfonf/ &mZN*dK[fwGif avh v m&ef acwf o pf &mZN*d K [f N rd K U? tZmwowf " mwf a wmf w d k u f ( rPd & mrmh x f ) a0VK0ef a usmif ; ae&m? bk & if w pf y g; &S O f h e uf r sm;tm; tpmauR;aom a&uef ?

Ak'¨Mo0g'ygwdarmufjyaomae&m? a&yl p rf ; a&csd K ;qd y f ? yd y Ü v d a usmuf * l ? yxro*F g ,emwif & m owå y PÖ d v d I P f * l ? awmifxyd Ef iS fh eef;NrKd U½d;k rsm;;?? bk&ihb f @m wdkuf @mwd [k ,lq&aomawmifurf;yg;,Hukd azmufxiG ;f jyKvkyfxm;aom qGefb@mvdIPf*l? AdrÁdom& tusOf;axmif ae&m? ZD0uo&ufO,smOf? *d Z Ñuk # f a wmif x d y f ausmif ; awmf a e&m? xd k i f c H k w yf aub,f v f p uf a vS u m;? ausmuf v S n f ; bD ; ae&m ponf j zpf y gonf / ausmufvSnf;bD;&mrSm ukefonf wzk ó ES i h f bv’ d u nD a emif t ygt0if uk e f o nf r sm; oG m ;vm&mvrf ; [k v nf ; ,lqMuygonf/ ydyÜvd*lrSm t&Sifr[muóy oD w if ; oH k ; &m*l jzpf y gonf / i,f e mrnf yd y Ü v d u d k p G J í rS n h f a c:xm;jcif ; jzpf y gonf / uREykf w f Ykd bk&m;zl;c&D;tp *,mNrKd UrStxGuw f iG f AE¨ 0 awmif u d k awG U cJ h & ao;onf / ,ck &mZN*dK[fwGif a0bm&awmif? *dZÑuk#fawmif ponfavhvmcJ&h onf/ xdrk t S Ny;D uREykf w f t Ykd zGUJ rd k ; rcsKyf r D emvE´ m wuú o d k v f avh v ma&; pdkif;jyif;&onf/ awmifajrmuf 3- uDvdkrDwm? a&SUaemuf 7- uDvdkrDwm&Sdaom at'D 5&mpk u wnf a xmif c J h o nh f emvE´ m wuúodkvfudk avhvm&ayOD;rnf tawG;jzihf aysmf&Tifaerdonf/ usrf ; ñT e f ; 1- tdE, d´ Edik if H jrefrmbke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm; (a'gufwm- "r®pm&) 2- jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf; (5) (13) 3- c&D;pOf&Sif;vif;csufrSwfpkESihf bk&m;zl;vrf; ñTe/f armif Z if a ,mf

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"r®0D&\ Ak'¨"r®oHCa&;&m ar;cGe;f ESifh tajzvTm ]"r®0&D \ Ak'¨ "r® oHCa&;&m ar;cGe;f ESihftajzvTmu@tm; Ak'¨? "r®? oHC\ tESpf om&tESpfcsKyfudkodvdkíar;vdkolrsm;twGuf þ*sme,fwGif u@wpf&yftjzpf zGihfvSpfay; tyfygonf/ ar;vdkolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY odvdkaom tcsufrsm;udk wdk&Sif;vdk&if;ESihf ar;Edkifygonf/ xdt k ar;rsm;udk "r®0&D t,f'w D mtzGUJ rS rSeu f efí tusKd;&Sdaomar;cGef;rsm;udk Ak'¨\tqkdtrdefY twkdif;om ajzqdkoGm;ygrnf/ "r® 0 D & ar;/ edAÁmefonf jyKjyifwwf? pD&ifwwf aomtaMumif;w&m;wdkYrS vHk;0uif;pifaom (tocF w y&rw¬ o pö m )[k q d k x m;ygonf / wpfzefr*¾opömonf taMumif;w&m;? eda&m" opöm(edAmÁ ef)onf tusK;d w&m;[k xyfrq H x kd m; jyefojzihf þqdkvdkcsuf uGJjym;rIudk &Sif;vif;pGm odvdkygonfcifAsm;/ OD;wifat;(Nird ;f ) rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; X-&yfuGuf r^Ouúvmy a j z / edAÁmefonf razmufjyefaompdwf? apwoduf? ½kyf? edAÁmef[laom y&rw¬w&m; (4)yg;üyg0ifaom w&m;jzpfNyD; edAÁmef[laom vdkcsifrI (wPSm)uif;aom tNidrf;at;"mwf (oEÅdokc)udk jyKjyif,lívnf;r&? zsufqD;í vnf;r&Ekdifyg/ "r®pMumw&m;OD;ü Ak'¨u opömav; yg;udk a[mMum;&mü ork',opöm(avmb wPSm)onf taMumif;w&m;? 'kuo © pöm[laom arG;zGm; tdk? em? ao cspfolESihfuGJ rcspfolESihfwGJ &wmrvdk vdkwmr&rIwdkYonf taMumif;w&m; oHo&mü vSnhfywfapaom aMumif;? usKd; opömw&m;ESpfyg; r*¾opöm[laom t,lrSef tawG;rSe?f pum;rSe?f tvkyrf eS ?f toufarG;rSe?f vHkYvrSef? owdrSef? wnfMunfrIrSef[laom usihfpOfw&m;(8)yg;onf taMumif;w&m;/ xd k r S e f a omtusih f a Mumih f qif ; &J c yf o d r f ; at;Nid r f ; oG m ;rI [ l a om ed a &m"opö m onf tusKd;w&m;? oHo&mrS xGufajrmufapwwf

aom aMumif ; usKd ; opö m ES p f y g; wpf w G J [ l í a[mMum;cJhygonf/ w&m;"r®udkpwifvdkufpm; usihfBuHol wdt Yk wGuf em;vnfv, G af tmif a,bk,s&iS ;f jy csufomjzpfygonf/ Oyrm rlvwef;ü oifMum;cJhaom odyÜH? yx0D? jrefrmpm? ocsFmpaom bmom&yf wd k Y \ tajccH t aMumif ; csuf E S i h f bD . at (M.A) wef;wGif oifMum;cJh&aom xdkbmom &yf w d k Y \ tao;pd w f t csuf t vuf w d k Y o nf rsm;pGm uGmjcm;oGm;ouJhokdY oabm&Sdygonf/ Ak'¨\ tbd"r®m r*¾0Dxd (r*fpdwf tpOf)jzpfpOfü t&Sdw&m; edAÁmefudk wdrfwdkuf rnf;BuD;rsm;\ aemufü&Sdaom vrif;BuD;[lí vnf;aumif;? arSmf? trdIufo½dkufatmufrSm&Sd aom a&MunfuJhodkYvnf;aumif; wifpm;ajz &Sif;ay;cJhygonf/ wdrfrJrsm;zHk;aeaom vrif;udk r*f usih f p Of p d w f t pOf j zpf a om y&d u H [ l a om avMurf;? Oypm[laom 'kwd,av; tEkvHk [laom wwd,avEkwdkY wdkufcwfvdkufaom tcg wdrfpifuif;NyD; vrf;udkjrif&ouJhokdY r*¾if (8)yg;jzihf y&duH Oypm tEkvHk[laom tqihf (3)qihfjzifh usihfvkdufygu a*gMwbl[laom umrtEG,f udavomjywf&m pcef;odkYa&muf NyD; r*f(edAÁmef)[laom Nidrf;at;"mwfodkY a&muf ygrnf/ ausmufw;kH twGi;f ü &Sad om jynfwef ywåjrm;udk tvdk&Sdaom olonf ausmufwHk;udk tm;rmefESihf xkcGJzsufqD;í &SmazGrS&EkdifouJh odkY jynfwefywåjrm;ESihfwlaom edAÁmefudk r*¾if &S p f y g;ES i f h wl ; qG r I r jyKbJ r&Ek d i f y g/ wl ; qG &SmazGjcif;[laom r*¾opömonf taMumif; w&m;? &&Sdaom jynfwefywåjrm; edAÁmef (eda&m "opöm)onf tusKd;w&m;jzpfonf/ "r®tjzpf "r®tod &ifhusufolrsm;onf edAÁmef[lonf jyKjyifpD&ifrI taMumif;w&m;wdkYrS uif;vGwfae jcif; tjzpfudkod&SdNyD; jzpfMuygonf/ aocsm *epGmodvykd gu Ak't ¨ bd"r®mudak vhvmoifMum; oihyf gonf/ "r® 0 D & t,f ' D w mtzG J U

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

30

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

em;twGufpum; pum;twGufem; pH & d y f N id r f q &mawmf

ol a wmf a umif ; qd k w m opf y if w pf y if v d k y gyJ ? opf y if q d k w m rdrdudk ckwfvSJzsufqD;oludkawmifrS rvJ r csif ; t&d y f j zih f at;jrrI u d k ay;ygw,f / wpfcgu &[ef;Bu;D wpfyg;[m &Gmi,f wpfcu k kd qGr;f cH0ifcyhJ gw,f/ olqrG ;f cH<u<ucsi;f yJ yxrqHk;tdrfu ,m*kawGudk wpfyg;pm avmif;vSLvkdufygw,f/ wpfyg;pmtjynh&f awmh &[ef;Bu;D [m a&SUqufNyD; qGrf;cHr<uawmhygbl;? tJ'D ,m*k awGudk ydkufNyD; ausmif;udk jyefvmcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,hf.... &[ef;BuD;[m t&rf;udk qmavmif rGwfodyfaewmeJYtwl a&m*gcHpm;ae&wmrdkY &Gmtjyifa&mufwmeJY yxrqHk; qGrf;cHtdrfu avmif ; vS L vd k u f w J h qef j yKwf (,m*k ) ud k vrf;ab;u opfwHk;wpfwHk;ay:rSm xdkifNyD; bkO;f ay;vku d w f ,f/ wu,fawmh qmavmifrGwfodyfrI eJYtwl cHpm;&wJhavema&m*gqdkwm a[m'D avmurS m &S d w J h a&m*ga0'emawG x J r S m tjyif;xefqHk; tqdk;0g;qHk;ygyJ/ 'gaMumihf &[ef;BuD;[m ausmif;udk awmif rjyefEdkifbJ vrf;ab;u opfwHk;ay:rSm xdkifum ,m*kudk bkOfay;aewmjzpfygw,f/ tJ't D csed rf mS yJ &GmxJukd qGr;f cH<uvm wJh &[ef;i,fav;wpfyg;u &[ef;BuD; ,m*k bkO;f ay;aewmudjk rifawmh pdwx f rJ mS b0ifrus jzpfoGm;ygw,f/

&[ef;i,fav;[m pdwx f u J cHpm;csuf udk &ifxJrSmrxm;bJ &[ef;BuD;tem;a&muf awmh]]&[ef;BuD;..&[ef;jzpfNyD; tpm; tpmudk wyfrufvScsnfvm;? qGrf;pm;ausmif; a&mufrS bkOf;ay;ygawmhvm;? tck vrf;rSm bkOf;ay;aewm b,foifhawmfyhgrvJ}} &[ef;i,fav;u uJh&JUjypfwifpGmeJY ajymvkdufygw,f/ 'gudk ,m*kbkOf;ay;aewJh rax&fBuD;u Mum;awmh]]ihg&Sif y#dywfw&m; tm;xkwfyg ovm;}} ]]tm;xkwyf gw,f}} ]]'gqd&k if b,ftqihu f kd a&mufNyv D }J } ]]aomwmyeftqihf a&mufNyD}} &[ef;i,fav;xHu toHMum;awmh rax&fBuD;u &[ef;i,fav;udkMunhfNyD;... ]]'gqdk&if ihg&Sif a&SUqufNyD; w&m; tm;xk w f r aeeJ Y a wmh ? ih g &S i f [ m &[EÅ m ud k jypfrSm;apmfum;rdoGm;NyD}} vfdkY rax&fBuD;udk ajymvku d yf gw,f/ rax&fBu;D [m ol &[EÅmjzpf aMumif;udk &[ef;i,fudk odatmifajymvkduf& wmyg/ tu,fíom rax&fBu;D u rajym&if &[ef;i,f[m awmif;yefjcif;rjyKygu &[ef; i,ftwGuf psmefr*fzdkvf&JU tEÅ&m,fudk jzpfap Edik yf gw,f/ 'g[m &[ef;i,f&JUtusdK;ukd vdkvm; vdkY ajymwmyg/ wu,fawmh olawmfaumif;qdkwm opfwpfyifvdkygyJ/ opfyifqdkwm rdrdudk ckwfvSJ

zsufqD;oludkawmifrS rvJrcsif; t&dyfjzihf at;jrrIuakd y;ygw,f/ 'DvdkygyJ... olawmfaumif;qkw d m[mvnf; rdru d kd apmfum;jypfrSm;oludkawmifrS arwåmwnf;[l aom at;jrrIudk jyefNyD;awmhay;ygw,f/ trS e f a wmh rax&f j rwf B uD ; [m avema&m*g t&rf;jyif;xefvmvdkY vrf;ckvwf rSmyJ ,m*kudk bkOf;ay;vkdufwmyg/ tu,fí ausmif;xda&mufatmif oGm;&r,fqdkygu a&m*ga0'em ydkNyD;awmhjyif; xefvmrSmudk pd;k &drv f Ykd w&m;trSwf "r®orÜZn jzihf bkOf;ay;vdkufwmyg/ &[ef ; i,f a v;[m yxrawmh &[EÅmrSe;f rodvYkd ajymrSm;rdwmudk &Scd ;kd uefawmh awmif;yefvdkufygw,f/ tu,fí &[EÅmrSef; rodbJ rawmif;yefrdbl;qdkygu &[ef;i,f&JU b0[m b,favmufyif w&m;tm;xkwfygap? psmefr*fzdkvf taESmuft,SufjzpfoGm;ygNyD/ 'g[m wjcm;aMumihfjzpfwJh ab;&ef r[kwfygbl;? pum;aMumifhjzpfwJh ab;&efyg/ pum;qdw k m[m vlom;wkid ;f vlom;wdik ;f aeYpOf ajymqdkqufqHaeMuayr,hf rdrd&JUpum;[m wefzdk;&Sdvm;? wefzdk;r&Sdbl;vm;? tusdK;&Sdvm;? tusdK;r&Sdbl;vm;qdkwmudk rpOf;pm;rdMuygbl;/ tu,fí udk,f[m wefzdk;r&SdwJh pum;wpfcGef;udkajymqdkrd&if b,fvdkvkyfrvJ/ 'Dxufyq kd ;kd wmu rdrad jymvku d w f phJ um;wpfceG ;f aMumif h ol w pf y g; 'k u © a &muf o G m ;w,f ? pd w f q if ; &J o G m ;w,f q d k & if b,f v d k j yKrvJ / taotcsmpOf;pm;oihfygw,faemf/ pdwfxJu xGufay:vmwJhpum;wdkif; udk EIwfuzGifhajym&r,fqdk&if rjzpfygbl;/ tJ'D xuf qdk;wmu (txl;ojzihf trsdK;orD;awG) ol w pf y g;&J U twif ; tzsif ; ud k jyef N yD ; awmh ajymaer,fqykd gu rqH;k Edik w f hJ tusKd ;rJw h phJ um; awGeyYJ J wpfaeYwpfaeY tcsed af wGuek af erSmayhg/ h phJ um; tJ'Dxufqdk;wmu wefz;kd rJw awGudk tajymrsm;wJhol[m wefzdk;&SdwJhpum; awGudk rajymwwfawmhygbl;/ wpfcgwpfav us&if (wcsdKUpum;awGu) rdrdajymvdkufwJh pum;wpfcGef;aMumifh rdrdb0wpfckvHk;awmif ajymif;vJoGm;Edkifygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm'geJyY wfoufNy;D ouú#usr;f rSmvmwJh umvD'go&JU taMumif;av;wpfckudk ajymjy csifygao;w,f/ zwfMunhfygOD;/ wpf c gu abmZbk & if B uD ; [m

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ tdyrf ufqef;wpfcjk rifrufw,fw/hJ ol&Y UJ tdyrf uf udk taMumif;jyKNy;D abmZbk&ifBu;D xdwv f efaY e ygw,f/ tdyfrufxJrSm abmZbk&ifBuD;[m atmuf t H o G m ;awG jyKwf x G u f o G m ;w,f v d k Y jrifrufygw,f/ tdyfrufxJrSm oGm;jyKwfwm? oGm;yJhwm jrifruf&if raumif;bl;qdkwmudk abmZbk&ifBuD;u odxm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf... &Sifbk&ifrsdK;u (odwJhtwkdif;yJav) rdrdudk,fwkdifodwJhtcsufudk taotcsm uGJuGJ jym;jym;odcsifwmeJY rdk;vif;wJhtcg t,lawmf r*Fvm trwfudk ac:ckdif;vkdufygw,f/ t,lawmfr*Fvmtrwfa&mufvm wmeJY abmZbk&ifBuD;u olY&JUtrwfudk ar;yg w,f/ t,lawmfr*Fvmtrwf[m txltyg; em;vnfyrkH ay:ygbl;? eHeufapmapm r*Fvm&Sw d hJ tcsdefBuD;rSmbJ bk&ifBuD;&JUtdyfrufudk (trSef twkdif;) usrf;vmtwkdif; a[mvdkufygw,f/ ola[myHku... ]]t&Sifrif;BuD;&JU atmuftHoGm;awG jyKwfw,fqdkwm tdyfruft& om;awmforD; awmf a wG [ m i,f i ,f & G , f & G , f e J Y ewf & G m pH Muygvd r f h r ,f b k & m;}} t,l a wmf r *F v majymwJ h pum; [m rSefygw,f/ odkYaomf trSefw&m;qdkwm ae&mwk d i f ; ? tcsd e f w d k i f ; ES i h f tH 0 if c G i f u s rjzpf w J h avmuBuD ; twG i f ; rS m awmh t,l a wmf r *F v mtrwf & J U pum;awG [ m ol Y b 0ud k tarS m if c svk d u f o vd k y gyJ / abmZbk&ifBuD;[m e*dkuwnf;u pdwfqdk;a'goBuD;oljzpfwJhtjyif eHeufapmapm (r*Fvm,lcdsefrSm) olYom;awmf orD;awmfawG ao&r,fvdkY Mum;vkdufawmh pdwfqdk;a'go jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ a'gaom tw¬H eZmemwd/ a'goxG u f w J h yk * ¾ d K vf w pf a ,muf tzd k Y rnf o nh f t &mXmeud k r S taMumif ; tusd K ;cG J j cm;NyD ; rod E d k i f y gbl ; / tck v nf ; abmZbk&ifBuD;[m tJ'DvdkygyJ/ pdwfqdk;a'go xGufum t,lawmfr*Fvmtrwfudk okomef xkwNf y;D owfzYkd rif;csi;f awGukd trdecYf srw S v f u dk f ygw,f/ t,l a wmf r *F v mtrwf b 0uae csufcsif; pum;av;wpfcGef;aMumifh ao'Pf uscH&awmhr,hfb0rsdK;udk a&mufoGm;ygawmh w,f/ tu,fíom olYtaejzihf tpm;xdk; a&G;cs,frnfh pum;wpfcGef;udk ajymqdkrdygu

'DvdkrsdK;jzpfvmrSmr[kwfygbl;/ tmPmyg;uGufom;awGu rif;&JU trdeaYf Mumifh csucf si;f qdo k vdk t,lawmftrwf udk okomefrSm oGm;owfzdkY qGJac:oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ abmZbk&ifBuD;xH tcpm; a&mufvmwJh umvD'gotrwf[m t,lawmf r*FvmtrwftaMumif;odNyD; rowfao;zdkY qkdif;iHhxm;ckdif;vkdufygw,f/ ynm&S d q d k w m ½k w f w &uf j zpf a y: ajymif ; vJ a eaomtajctaeud k csuf c sif ; od & ovd k tqH k ; tjzwf w pf c k u d k v nf ; csuf c sif ; csEd k i f & ygw,f / umvD ' go[m tmPmyg;uG u f o m;awG u d k acwå q d k i f ; iH h xm;ckdif;NyD; oluawmh abmZbk&ifBuD;xHudk tcpm;0ifa&mufoGm;ygw,f/ ('DvdktcsdeftcgrsdK;rSm b,folwpfOD; wpfa,mufrS abmZbk&ifBuD;xH tcpm;0if a&mufzdkY pdwful;r&SdMuygbl;)/ umvD'gotrwfudkjrifawmh aumZbk&ifBuD;[m olY&JUtdyfruftaMumif;udk xyfNyD;awmh ar;ygw,f/ umvD'go trwfu vnf; tmPmyg;uGufom;awG&JU vufatmuf a&mufaewJh trwfvdkyJajzygw,f/ 'gayr,hf t"dyÜm,fcsif;wlayr,hf pum;oHk;EIef;yHkuawmh vH;k 0rwlygbl;/ umvD'gotrwf avQmufwifyHku]]t&Sifrif;BuD;bk&m;? atmuftHoGm; awG jyKwfw,fqdkwtd Jhtyd fruft& t&Sifrif;BuD; [m om;awmf o rD ; awmf a wG x uf oufawmfydk &SnfNyD; xD;eef;udk MumjrihfpGm cH&rSmjzpfaMumif;yg/ om;awmf? orD;awmf rsm;vnf ; rif ; BuD ; uJ h o d k Y ouf a wmf & S n f N yD ; usef ; rmatmif uk o d k v f , Mwmrsm; jyKoih f aMumif ; ygbk & m;}} umvD'gotrwf&JUtajzpum;udk Mum;awmh abmZbk&ifBuD;[m auseyfawmfrl ygw,f/ auseyfvdkYvnf; umvD'gotrwfudk qkawmfaiGwpfaxmif csD;jr§ihfvkdufygw,f/ umvD ' go[m aomujzpf a ewJ h abmZbk&ifuykd if tjyKoabmaqmifwhJ pum; awGeJY avQmufwifvkdufwm abmZbk&ifBuD; auseyfoGm;wmayhg/ abmZbk&ifBuD; a'go ajyaysmuf o G m ;awmh umvD ' gotrwf u yJ aordeaYf y;xm;wJh t,lawmftrwfukd ao'Pf rS vTwfay;zdkY awmif;qdkvkdufygw,f/ abmZbk&ifBuD;uvnf; umvD'go avQmufwifonht f wdik ;f t,lawmfr*Fvmtrwf udk ao'Pfuae vGwNf ird ;f csr;f omcGiahf y;vku d f

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

33

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ pmrsuf E S m 35 rS Mum;csifwmMum;? udk,fvnf;ajymcsiw f majym? olvnf; Mum;csiw f mMum;qd&k ifawmh r[kwaf o; ygbl;/ wefz;kd vnf; r&Syd gbl;/ wefz;kd &SNd y;D tusKd ; &Szd Ykd pum;ajym&mwGif t*Fgav;csuef n YJ aD tmif ajym&ygr,f/ tJ'Dt*Fgav;csufuawmh1/ aumif ; aom tusd K ;&S d a om pum;ud k ajymqd k j cif ; / (ok b mod w ) 2/ cspfcifESpfvdkzG,faom pum; ud k ajymqd k j cif ; / (yd , 0gpm) 3/ rSefuefaompum;udk ajymqdk jcif ; / (opö ) 4/ w&m;ES i h f t nD pum;uk d ajymqk d j cif ; / ("r® ) wpf a eY w pf a eY rd r d w d k Y a jymaewJ h pum; rsm;pG m xJ u pum;b,f E S p f c G e f ; [m tJ ' D t *F g av;&yf e J Y nD w ,f q d k w mud k awG;rd&JUvm;/ wu,faum nD&JUvm;/ tu,fí t*Fgav;&yfeYJ rnDao;bl; qdkygu nDatmifBudK;pm;NyD; ajymMunhfygaemf/ ummvD ' gotrwf u rS e f u ef N yD ; tusKd ;&Sw d phJ um;udk olwpfyg; ESpv f zkd , G &f adS tmif ajymvkdufvdkY olwpfyg;toufudk u,fwifEdkif ovdk rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; qkvmbfawGudk &,l Edik yf gw,f/ umvD'goxuf ydkNyD;awmh wefzdk;&Sd wJhpum;awGudk ajymqdkrdr,fqdkygu.... usrf ; ud k ; 1/ rZÑdryPÖmo?

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b0tod? owdjzihfrSwf? cspfwwfMuap? rQa0arwåm? at;csrf;yg\/ rsm;pGmcspf&? avmujzpfpOf? tjrifrsm;u ]]0drkwå r*¾? vGwfvyfjcif;rsm;}} &oGm;aphcsif/

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tm½kHxif&m rk'dwmw&m;? ESvkH;om;wGif? ckd0if&yfem;? yDwdrsm;vQif? vGifhpif,kdzdwf? w&dyf&dyfav? &apcsifrd? qE´&Sdae/ aEG & G u f E k a 0 (xaemif ; &d y f )

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

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olawmfaumif;w&m;yGm;olrSm? wpfae&mwGif cyfMumMum/ b,faomtcgrQ rae& ae&majymif;a&TUMu/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ ol<u,fhtdrfüwnf;ckd&m/ &aohajymwm tukefMum; tjzpfrSefudk awG;rdwum;/ Ä

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odkYwNyD;um; xdkOpöm? wpfyg;olawmh rcdk;&m/ cdk;oGm;onfrSm &aohrdkuf/ ¤if;aemufudk tjrefvdkuf/

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arm[dkufyrf;vs rajy;om &aohaumufudk zrf;rdyg/ ½dkufESufum olYudkar; onfawmhrSvQif a&Txkwfay;/

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jrufuav;wpfyifrQ rrufolrSm bmaMumifhcdk;& onfOpöm/ Ak'¨avmif;vsm ol½Iwfcs/ &aohaumufudk olqHk;r/

,ck ]uk[u} rnfaom ZmwfrSmtcgwpf y g; jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f ud, k af wmfjrwf aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif; oHk;aeawmfrlpOf ]tHhzG,fo&Judkjzpfapwwf aom &[ef;} udt k aMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmf rljcif;jzpfygonf/

twd w f \ yk H & d y f a&S ; tcgu Am&mPoD j ynf w G i f jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyK\/ xdktcg &Gmi,fwpfck wGif &aohwpfyg;&Sd\/ xdk&aohtm; xdk&Gm&Sd ol<u,fwpfa,mufu awmxJwGif awm& ausmif;wpfausmif;wnfaqmufay;í oDwif; oH;k aponf/ aeYpOfvnf; tdro f yYkd ihí f qGr;f vkyf auR;onf/ xdkol<u,fonf olYwGif&Sdaom a&Trsm;udk &efolrsKd;ig;yg;ab;rS uif;a0;vdkí xdka&Trsm;udk olYausmif;ajrü jrKyfESHcGihfjyKNyD; apmihfa&Smufay;rnf[k wm0ef,lvdkufonf/ ES p f & uf o H k ; &uf M umvQif &aoh a umuf o nf xdak &Twu Ykd kd ajrrSxw k af zmf,Nl y;D vrf;c&D;tMum; ü oGm;a&muf0Sufxm;NyD; ausmif;odkYjyefvm\/ aemufaeYeHeufü ol<u,f\ tdrfodkY cgwdkif;vdk yif qGr;f pm;<u\/ qGr;f pm;Ny;D vQif ol<u,ftm; þodkYajym\/ &aoh&[ef;wdkYrnfonf t&yf a'owpfckü Mum&SnfpGm pGJNrJraetyf/ wpfae &m&mü pGJNrJpGmaexdkifygu xdka'o&Sdolrsm;ESihf a&maESmjcif;jzpf\/ xdkodkYa&maESmrdjcif;onf &aoh&[ef;wdt Yk m; tnpftaMu;udk jzpfap\/ xdkYaMumihf igonf þodkY tjzpfrcHvdkí þ&GmrS ,ck y if xG u f c G m tH h [ k ol < u,f t m; qd k \ / ol<u,fonfvnf; olYq&m t&Sifudk þ&GmrS tjcm;wpfyg;odYk roGm;a&mufapvdak omaMumihf enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzihf avQmufxm; wm;jrpf\/ r&onf h t qH k ; wG i f r l ol Y q &m &aoh t m; &GmwHcg; txd vdkufygydkYaqmif\/ &aohonf twefi,f oGm;Ny;D rS wpfpw kH pf&m tBu&H ojzihf ol p G e f Y c G m cJ h &m &G m od k Y jyef v m\/ xd k o d k Y jyefvmaomf ¤if;\ qHuspMf um;ü jrufwpfyifukd xdk;pdkufí vmcJhonf/ ol<u,ftdrfodkY 0if\/ ol<u,fu rnfonhftwGufjyefvm&oenf;[k ar;u ig\ OD ; acgif ; qH u spf M um;ü oif \ tdrftrdk;rS jrufyifi,fwpfyifonf uyfNidí vmcJh\/ ,if;odkYjzpfí olwpfyg;ypönf;udk ray;bJ ,lcjhJ cif;onft'dEmé 'geuH usL;vGejf cif; rnf í ,ck u J h o d k Y oih f x H j yef v may;jcif ; jzpfonf[kqdk \/ ol<u,fvnf; xdkjrufyifudk pGefYcJhavmh [k qdk\/ &aohvnf; jyef<uoGm;\/ ol<u,f\ pdwfwGifum; xdk&aohudk,cifu xufyif ydkíMunfndKoGm;\/ olawmfaumif;

35

wdrYk nfonf tzd;k wef Opömypön;f udk rqdx k m;bd? olwpfyg; ypönf;udk jrufwpfyifaomfrQ r,l? avmb r&Sd [kawG;awm qifjcifrd&m olYq&m &aohudk &Sdcdk; OD;csuefawmhyef;yif qifvdkuf ao;onf/ xdktjcif;t&mtjzpftysuf tm;vHk; udk ol<u,f\ tdrfüvma&mufwnf;cdkaeaom bk & m;tavmif ; onf awG U vd k u f j rif v d k u f Mum;vd k u f o nf j zpf & m ol < u,f j zpf o l t m; ac:,l í ar;\/ taqG ? xd k & aoh x H ü tzdk;wefypönf;rsm; tyfxm;jcif;&Sdoavm[k ar;&m ol < u,f u &S d a Mumif ; ajymojzih f &aohaecJhaomausmif;wGif xdkypönf;rsm;udk oG m ;a&muf & S m azG v Qif ¤if ; jrKyf E S H x m;aom a&T r sm; r&S d a wmh o nf u d k awG U &\/ bk & m; tavmif;udk xdt k aMumif; jyefajymonf&adS omf oif\ ypönf;rsm;udk xdk&aohaumufrSvGJí wpfjcm;olr,l&m/ olyif ,loGm;jcif;jzpfvdrhf rnf[kqdk\/ xkdtcg ol<u,fonf &aohpOf;vJxH tjrefvkdufoGm;onfhtcg &aohrkdufrSm rajy; omawmhbJ tzrf;cH&awmh\/ &aohpOf;vJu r,lyg[k rkom;qkdojzihf ½kdufESufppfaq;&m 0Sufxm;aomae&mrS a&Tprsm;ukd xkwf,lay; vkduf&avonf/ bk&m;avmif;onf &aohpOf;vJtm; olwpfyg;ypönf;ukd vSnfhywfckd;,ljcif;rjyKtyf/ &aohausmif;odkYjyefvmum jrufyifjyefay;jcif; onfvnf; vdrfvnfvnhfywfonhf rm,m omaX,syifwnf;[k ½Iwfcsajymqkdum aemif wGif xkdodkYaom'kp½kdufrIukd rjyKavESihf[k qkH;r avonf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf- ,ck &aohpOf;vJ onf xkdtcgu tHhzG,fo&Jukd jzpfapwwf aom&[ef;jzpfcJhNyD; &aohtm; ½Iwfcsajymqkd qkH;rcJholum; ,cktcg igbk&m;yifwnf;[k a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayownf;/ aZmf a emif usrf ; uk d ; uk[uZmwf ig;&mhig;q,f edygwfawmf/ anmifuefq&mawmf/

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