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EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m; Oya' pkd;rkd;a&; - trsKd;om;jyefvnf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; - ckdifrmonfh zJGYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfjzpfay:vma&; - jzpfay:vmonfh zJGYpnf;yHktajccHOya'opfEiS t hf nD acwfrzD YGH NzKd ;wk;d wufaomEkdifiHawmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&; pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukv d nf; bufpHkzHGUNzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&; - jynfwiG ;f ? jynfyrStwwfynmESit hf &if;tES;D rsm; zdwaf c:í pD;yGm;a&;zHYG NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;ukd zefwD;Ekid rf pI rG ;f tm;onf EkdifiHawmfESifhwkdif;&if;om; jynfolwkdY\vuf0,fwGif&Sda&; vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k \ pdw"f mwfEiS hf tusiphf m&dwjå rifhrm;a&; - trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarG tESprf sm;? trsK;d om;a&;vu©Pmrsm;raysmufysuaf tmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&; - rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&; - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k use;f rmBuchH idk af &;ESiyhf nm&nfjrifrh m;a&;

Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

pmwnf;csKyf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

3

rdrdudk,fwdkif odNyD; usiUfNyD; &NyD;rS w&m;a[moihfygonf/ ,aeY Ak'b ¨ momrsm;tMum;wGif Ak'b ¨ momjynfot l rsm;udk r[mu½kPmw&m; a&SUxm;Ny;D tod? tvdrrf m? ÓPfynm&&ef[l aomapwemjzihf emrnfBuD;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\enf;udk ,lum aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfBuD;\ Mo0g'udk cH,lygonf[kqkdNyD; w&m;a[maeMu aom "r®uxduawGrsm;pGm ay:xGufae ygonf/ y&d,wdå[laom ygVdawmf? t|uxm? #Dum? roifzl;ygbJvsuf udk,fwdkifuvnf; t&d,mtqihfokdY ra&mufao;ygbJvsuf rdrd\ Mum;zl;em;0 omrefusihfpOfrQjzihf w&m;a[maeMuaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ a[majymcsufrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom jynfolwdkYtwGuf tEÅ&m,f BuD;rm;vSygonf/ EkdifiHawmf oHCmhem,utzGJUrSvnf; þt"r®0g'rsm;udk azmfxkwfae&ojzihf tvkyf½IyfvSygonf/ omoemawmf oefY&Sif; wnfwHh jyefYyGm;a&;twGufvnf; taESmifht,Suf jzpfaeygonf/ O'g,d&[ef;BuD; vltrsm;udk w&m; a[mMum;rIESihf ywfoufí &SiftmeE´mu avQmufxm;ojzihf bk&m;&Sifu]tmeE´ m ol w pf y g;wd k Y t m; w&m;a[m&ef rvG , f u l ? ol w pf y g;wd k Y t m; w&m;a[mvd k a omol o nf 1/ tpOf t wd k i f ; jzpf a om w&m;pum; (tEk y k A Á d u xm)ud k a[mrnf [ k ES v H k ; oG i f ; vsuf w&m;a[m&rnf / 2/ tusKd ; tm;avsmf p G m taMumif ; ud k jyvsuf w&m;pum;ud k a[m&rnf / 3/ tpOf o em;jcif ; uk d tpG J j yKí w&m;pum;ud k a[m&rnf / 4/ tmrd o ud k riJ h u G u f a om pd w f & S d o nf j zpf í w&m;pum;ud k a[m&rnf / 5/ rd r d u d k , f u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? ol wpf y g;ud k vnf ; aumif ; rxd y g; ryk w f c wf r l í w&m;pum;ud k a [m&rnf } } olwpfyg;wdt Yk m; w&m;a[mvdo k l onf þw&m; ig;rsK;d udk rdro d EÅmefü jzpfapí a[mMum;&rnf[k Ak'u ¨ rdeMYf um;xm;ygonf/ wpfzef "r®uxdu[lonf Ak'¨ w&m;udk aqG;aEG;ol? ar;? ajzjyKoljzpfonf/ w&m;aqG;aEG;ol ar;ajzjyKolrsm;ESihf ywfoufí Ak'¨u t*FkwådK&fomupä okwf? omZD0okwfwdkYü 1/ rdrduvnf; oDvESihfjynhfpHk\? oDvjynhfpHkjcif;ESifhpyfaom pum;jzihfar;vmaom jyóemudkvnf;ajzqdkwwf\/ 2/ rdrduvnf; orm"dESihf jynhhfpHk\/ orm"djcif;ESifhpyfaom pum;jzihfar;vmaom jyóemudkvnf; ajymqdkwwf\/ 3/ rd r d u vnf ; ynmES i h f j ynh f p H k \ / ynmjcif ; ES i f h p yf a om pum;jzih f a r;vmaom jyóemud k v nf ; ajzqd k w wf \ / rd r d u vnf ; ud a vomrS vG w f a jrmuf j cif ; (0d r k w d å ) ES i h f j ynh f p H k \ / ud a vomrS vG w f a jrmuf j cif ; ES i h f p yf a om 4/ pum;jzih f a r;vmaom jyóemud k ajzqd k w wf \ / 5/ rd r d u vnf ; ud a vomrS vG w f a jrmuf j cif ; ü pG r f ; Ed k i f a omÓPf t jrif 0d r k w d å Ó P'óeES i h f j ynh f p H k \ ? ud a vomrS vGwfajrmufjcif;ü jrifpGrf;Ekdifaom ÓPftjrifjynhfpHkrIESihfpyfaom pum;jzihf ar;vmaomjyóemudkvnf; ajzqdk wwf\/ þw&m;ig;yg;ESihfjynhfpHkaom &[ef;onf oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkYESihfaqG;aEG;xdkufol? ar;ajzjcif;iSmxdkufoljzpfonf[k Ak'¨u a[m Mum;xm;onfudk ,aeYw&m;a[m w&m;aqG;aEG;wifjyMuaom "r®uxdursm; txl;owdjyK Muapvdkygonf/ a'0'wfq&mrdkufaMumihf tZm wowf avm[ukrÇDi&JodkY a&muf&onfudk owdjyKoifhyg\/ rdrdemrnfBuD;vdkaom pdwfxm; jzihf rm,momaX,sjyKvkyfMuum w&m;udk ra[m raqG;aEG;oihfyg/ Ak'¨onf oAÁnKwÓPfudk &atmif usihfNyD;rS w&m;a[mygonf/ ,aeY jrefrmEkdifiH &[EÅmacwf a0blq&mawmf? pGef;vGef;q&m awmf? q&mawmfOD;oDv? rd*'g0kefq&mawmf? oJtif;*lq&mawmf paom &[EÅm[k ausmfMum;aom q&mawmfrsm;onf rdrd ukd,fwdkif vufawGUusihfNyD; xdkw&m; tod& NyD;rS owå0grsm; tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfap&ef a[mjyonf/ ñGefjyonf? aqG;aEG;Muonf? ar;ajzjyonfudk ESvkH;rlawmfrdMu&ef "r®0D&rS wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/ t,f ' D w m

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

atmifjrifrIa&;&m enf;vrf;av;jzm rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z)

(u) a'goxG u f a eol u d k a'goeJ Y rwH k Y j yef y gES i h f / a'goeJY wHkYjyefvQif a'goNidrf;at; oGm;rnfr[kwfyg/ ydkíyif a'gooHo&mvnf um &Snfvsm;axGjym;vmygvdrhfr,f/ rD;udk rD;eJY wHjYk yefvQif ydí k avmifrmS yg/ a'goudk arwåmjzihf wHkYjyefyg/ a'gotyludk arwåmtat;jzihf Nid§rf; owfyg/ arwåm[m a'goudk at;Nidrf;apyg w,f/ a'go[mrD;eJYwlNyD; arwåmuawmh a&eJY wlygw,f/ -a'go[m jypf r S m ;jcif ; ? tjypf & S m jcif ; ? cG i h f r vT w f E k d i f j cif ; ? onf ; rcH E k d i f j cif ; -arwå m [m tjypf u d k r ½I j cif ; ? tjypf rwif j cif ; ? cG i h f v T w f j cif ; ? onf ; cH j cif ; ? arwå m rS m a'gor&S d a'gor&S d j cif ; onf ? ta'gojzpf w ,f / Ak ' ¨ t bd " r® m a'oemü arwå m ud k ta'go[kjyxm;w,f? ta'go[m apwoduf jzpfw,f/ olaX;udkeE´udk jyKpkcGihf&wJh oD&drm [m pnf;pdr, f pfr;l um ud, k b hf 0udak rhNy;D rOwå &mudk axmywfqDyleJYavmif;NyD; vkyfBuHcJhw,f? olaX;r Owå&m[m toGifrwl rdpämt,l&SdwJh ud k e E´ e J Y aygif ; zuf a e&ayr,f h wpf & uf r Q pdwfvuf&TifysrIr&SdcJhbl;? bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh bk&m;rzl;&? qGr;f ruyf&? Oykorf apmih&f ? w&m; rem& pwJh tcGit hf a&;awG ydwq f x Ykd m;rIaMumihf yJ/ 'gaMumihf vifa,musmf ;udek E´ukd jyKpk zdkY aMu;pm;oD&drmudk 15 &uftwGuf tojym

1500 eJY iSm;ay;xm;Ny;D rOwå&muawmh bk&m; trSL;&Sw d hJ &[ef;oHCmawmfawGukd qGr;f uyfvLS w,f/ w&m;em,lw,f/ csufa&;jyKwfa&;udpö a0,sm0pövkyfief;udkvnf; udk,fwkdifyg0ifvkyf udkifaewmaygY/ acR;wvHk;vHk;eJY csufjyKwfvkyfudkifae wJh olaX;r a':Owå&mudk udkeE´u avom jywif;u MunhNf y;D oa&mfNyKH ;NyKH ;vdu k w f ,f/ 'gudk jrifoGm;wJh oD&drmu Owå&mudk remvdk 0efwdk jzpfoGm;w,f/ olYb0udkarhoGm;w,f/ olaX; uawmfb0udk &,lcsifrdw,f/ olaX;uawmf jzpfzdkYqdkwm rOwå&mr&SdrS/ tJ'D tukodkvfpdwf a'gopdwfeJY rOwå&m&JU udk,fcE¨may:odkY usKduf usKu d q f yl u G af ewJh axmywfukd cyfNy;D avmif;cs vdu k w f ,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm rOwå&muvnf; oD&d rmtay: arwåmrysuyf gbl;? a'gorpGuyf gbl;? ]aMomf r,frif;BuD;r ulnDayvdkY ig[m 'Dvdk ukodkvfaumif;rIawG jyKvkyfEkdifwm} vdkYqdkNyD; aus;Zl;wifaewmyg/ tJ'D a'gorzuf arwåm pdwfoufa&mufrIaMumihfusKdufusKdufqlyGufae wJh axmywfqDylawG[m rOwå&mtzdkY a&pif a&at;eJY tavmif;cH&ovdk at;jroGm;jcif; jzpfw,f/ ylavmifrI rcHpm;&jcif;jzpfayw,f/ axmywfqDyludkawmif a&at;jzpfoGm;apwm [m BuD;rm;wJh arwåm&JU pGrf;tm;ygyJ/ arwåm jy,k*yf gyJ/ (c) a'goqkad yr,fh avmbvnf; aygif; 0ifaew,f/ avmb[m wPSmjzpfw,f/ &m* jzpfw,f/ tJ'D wPSm? &m*? avmbpdwf xdyf uyfaewJt h wGuaf Mumihf oD&rd m[m rOwå&mudkf a'goeJY jypfrSm;cJhwmjzpfw,f/ a'gaom tw¬ H eZmemwd - a'go jzpf a e&if taMumif ; tusKd ; ? taumif ; tqdk; rodawmhygbl;? vkyfoihf rvkyfoihf rjrif a wmh b l ; / "r®y'a'oemokc0*f? owdo Yk rD;i,f 0w¬KrSmawmh ewd¬ &m*oarm t*¾-d &m*eJw Y w l rhJ ;D r&SdvdkY a[mMum;xm;ygw,f/

ewd¬ a'go oarm uvd-a'go a'goeJY wlwJh tjypf(tnpftaMu;)r&SdvdkYvnf; a[m Mum;xm;ygw,f/ Ny;D awmh ewd¬ a'gooarm *ga[m a'goeJ Y w l w J h zrf ; ,l w wf w J h w &m; (ydkufuGefeJY wlwJh w&m;)r&SdvdkY "r®y'? rv*f? yÍöOygoum 0w¬KrSma[mMum;xm;csufawG &Sdygw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf a'go[mraumif;usKd; ay;wmtrSefygyJ? tjypf&Sdwm {uefygyJ? xdef; Ekdif&if xdef;Ekdifoavmuf aumif;usKd;&&SdapEkdif w,fav/ (*) 1/tauú m a"e Zd a e aum"H aum"H-a'gotrsuf? acsmif;acsmif; xGufvsuf&Sdaomoludk tauúma"e-rdrduwpf zef a'gojzihfrwHkYjyefojzihfomvQif? ZdaeatmifEkdif\/ a'goajyNidrf;enf;udk Owå&mOyg odumr taMumif;t&mrsm;ESihf qufpyfNyD; a[mMum;awmfrlxm;ayw,f/ a'goqdkwm rdrdtusKd;qkwf,kwfap wJhtjypf aum" qdw k m olwpfyg;udk xdcu kd af p wJ h t jypf a'goyJ j zpf j zpf aum"yJ j zpf j zpf aumif;usKd;ray;wmuawmh taotcsmygyJ? obm0udku jypfrSm;wJhpdwf"mwf? apmfum;wJh oabmxm;yJav/ 2/ tom"kH om"kem Zdae tom"Hk-pdwfoabmxm;? raumif; aomolu?kd om"kem-(rdru d ) pdwaf umif;xm;&Sd jcif;jzifh? Zdae-atmifjrif&m\ m\/ pdwfykyf? pdwf,kwf? oabmxm;ydef zsif; ao;Ekwfoludk rdrdu oabmxm;BuD;BuD; xm;NyD; atmifjrif&m\/ rdrduom pdwfaumif; xm;vd k u f & if pd w f o abm raemyk y f o l [ m ajymif;vJomG ;Ekid yf gw,f/ rdrt d ay: oabmxm; tjrifMunfvifNyD; cifrifvmEkdifayw,f/ olu pdwfaumif;r&Sdbl;? rdrduvnf; ]tdk;&GJUudk pavmif;&GJUeJY zHk;r,f} qdkNyD; rdrduyg pdwfqdk; pdwf,kwfrmeJY wHkYjyefvdkuf&if ]ykvif;wl pmrsufESm 11 okdY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) uyd v rpä 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg uóybk & m;&S i f \ omoemawmf w G i f ; u ck;d ol ig;&mwdo Yk nf rif;pk;d wkYd zrf;rdcgeD;ü awm& aqmufwnfaeaom &[ef;wpfyg;xH ig;yg; oDvcH,lMu\/ rif;pkd;wdkY zrf;íowfavaomf wm0wd Homüjzpfí tyg,frvm;bJ igwkdY bk&m; vufxuf wHigonftrsKd;üjzpfukef\/ t&G,fa&mufí tpd&0wDjrpf0,f wHigvkyf Muonhf umv a&Ttqif;ESihfwlaom tqif; &Sdaom cHwGif;[vQif tvGefykyfvSpGmaom ig;BuD;wpf aumifukdrdí aumovrif;xH qufovQif rif;BuD;vnf; bk&m;xH,lcJhí þig;onf tb,f h a Mumih f tqif ; vS í cH w G i f ; yk y f o enf ; [k avQmuf \ / rif ; BuD ; þig;onf uóy bk&m;&Sif omoemawmfü yd#uwfokH;ykHaqmifaom uydv&[ef;jzpfí (vZÆaD yov) &[ef;aumif;wdu Yk dk aigufirf;\/ bk&m;a[m r[kwfonfukd bk&m;a[mvkyfí rtyfonfukdvnf; tyfonf[k a[majymzl; aomaMumihf Mum&Snfav;jrifhpGm (t0Dpd) i&Jü cHcJh&NyD;í ,ckig;tjzpfokdYa&mufonf/ yd#u okH;ykHaqmifzl;aomaMumihf a&Ttqif;uJhokdY vSonf/ r[kwrf w&m; rkom;a[majymzl;aom aMumihf cHwGif; ykyfonf[k rdefYawmfrlí oif onf uydv&[ef; r[kwfavm[k ar;awmf rl&m uREkfyfonf uydv &[ef;[kwfygaMumif; avQmuf\/ oiht f pfudk om*w b,frmS enf;[k ar;awmfrl&m uóy bk&m;omoemüyif y&dedAÁmefjyKygonf[k avQmuf\/ oihftvkdodkY vkdufaom trd ]]om"deD}} ESihf ESr ]]wmyem}} wdkYum; b,frSm&Sd oenf;[k ar;awmfrljyef&m (t0D p d ) i&J ü yif &S d y gonf [ k avQmuf \ / oifum; þb0rSaovQif tb,fodkYoGm; &rnfenf;[k ar;awmfrl&m t0Dpd i&JodkYyif jyef&ygOD;rnf[k avQmufNyD;vQif ig\ tjzpf oepfudk bk&m;ESiw hf uG y&dowftrsm; odavNyD [k ESv;Hk rom&Sí d aoav\/ bk&m;&Sif onf a&muf v maom y&d o wf w d k Y t m; w&m; a[mjcif;iSm ]]rEkZó yrwåpm&daem}} paom av;*gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ xkdwHigonf

ig;&mwko Yd nf &[ef;jyKí &[EÅmjzpfavuke\ f / rEkZó yrwåpm&daem? wPSm 0¹kwd rmvk0g 0d,/ aom y’0wD [k&m [k&H? zvrdpäH0 0eod® H0gea&m/ ,H {om o[aw Zr®D? wPSm avmau 0dowådum/ aomum wó y0¹kEÅd? tbd0|H0 AD&PH/ jref r muAsm owdarhvwf usihfwwfolrSm? rmavmEG,fvm; wdk;yGm;wPSm? xkdwPSmNid yGm;onhfolrSm? awmopfoD; &SmrDS; arsmufodkYom? ckefumvTm; ajy;oGm; oHo&m/ The craving of the person addicted to careless living grows like a creeper; he jumps from life to life like a fruitloving monkey in the forest.

pum;ajy/ / arharhavsmhavsmh usihfaeavh &Sdaomoltm; ajcmuf'Gg&üjzpfaom wPSm onf rmavmEG,fuJhodkY wdk;yGm;BuD;xGm;\/ xkdwPSmyGm;olonf awmü opfoD;&SmrSD;aom arsmufonf wpfyifvufvSrf; wyifurf;í ul;ouJo h Ydk xkb d 0rS þb0odaYk jy;oGm;& av\/ jref r muAsm avmuwpfcGif tMuifolrSm? wPSm,kwfywf n§if;owfumom?

BuD;yGm;vG,fvsuf Nydef;jrufyrm? pdk;&drfrsm; wkd;yGm;xkdolrSm/ Whomsoever in this world this base clinging thirst over-comes, his sorrows flourish like well-watered birana grass.

pum;ajy/ / þavmuü tMuifyk*¾Kdvfukd uyfNidwG,fwm ,kwfrmaom þwPSmonf ESdyfpufn§if;qJ\/ xkdyk*¾Kdvf\ pkd;&drfaomu Asmyg&wko Yd nf Bu;D yGm;vG,af om Nyed ;f jrufuo hJ Ykd wdk;yGm;ukef\/ a,m apwH o[aw Zrd® H? wPSH avmau 'k&pö,H/ aomum wrSm yywEÅd/

O'AE´K0 aygu©&m/ wH a0g 0'grd b'´H a0g? ,m0aEÅ orm*wm w¦? wPSm, rlvH cPx? OoD&aw¦m0 AD&PH/ rma0g eVH0 aomawm0? rma&m bÍÆd ykeyÜKeH/ jref r muAsm avmuwpfcGif tMuifolrSm? ESdrfeif;cJ,kwf y,fjzKwfwPSm? Mumzufay:a&muf rkd;aygufyrm? pkd;&drfjcif; vdrfhqif;xkdolrSm/ Whose in the world overcomes this base unruly craving, from him sorrows fall away, like water-drops from a lotus-leaf.

pum;ajy/ / avmuü tMuifolonf ESdrfeif;EkdifcJaom ,kwfrmaom þwPSmukd tu,fín§if;qJEkdiftHh? MumzufrSavsmus aom rkd;a& rkd;aygufuJhodkY xkdyk*¾KdvfrSm pkd;&drf aomu Asmyg&onf avsmusukef\/ jref r muAsm þt&yfü a&mufqkdufnDnm? oifwkdYaumif;pm; igum;qkdrSm? yef;&if;vdkvsuf Nydef;jrufwl;yg? wPSmjrpf wl;ypfMuzkdY&m/ usLyifurf;yg; a&pm;odkYom? udavrm&f zefzefrzsuf&m/ This I say to you, Good luck to you all who have assembled here; dig up the root of craving, as one in quest of birana's sweet root. Let not Mara crush you again and again, as the flood a reed.

pum;ajy/ / xkdYaMumihf oifwdkYtm; aumif; aompum;ukd igqkdtHh/ þt&yfonf tnD tñTwfa&muf&Sdukefaom oifwkdYtm;vkH; uHaumif;ygapownf;/ yef;&if;ukd tvk&d adS om olonf Nydef;jrufukdwl;ouJhodkY wyfrufaom wPSm\ taMumif;&if;ppf aygif;tjrpfukd wl;Mu ukefavmh/ BuD;pGmaom a&tvsOfonf urf;yg;jywfapmuf aygufa&mufaom usLyif ukd zsuq f ;D ouJo h Ykd udavomrm&f uk, d w f iG ;f &ef onf oifwdkYtm; tzefzefrzsufqD;ygapvifh/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

ol&mao&nf

om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü jrwfpGmbk&m; oDwif;okH;aeawmfrlpOf ausmif; trBuD ; 0d o mcg\taygif ; tazmf j zpf a om t&ufaopmaomufpm;rl;,pfMuonhf trsKd; orD;ig;&mwdkYtm; taMumif;jyKí wpfckaom "r®a'oemukd a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ om0w¦dNrKdUawmfwGif aysmfyg;&Tifvef; apaom t&ufaopmaomufpm;onhf obif yGJukd NrKdUvkH;tESHY a<u;aMumfzdwfMum;um usif;y jyKvkyfav\/ xkdtcg trsKd;orD;ig;&mwdkYonf vnf; olwdkY\cifyGef;onfrsm; t&ufaopm aomufpm;aysmf&TifMuNyD;aemuf trsKd;orD; t&uf a opmaomuf p m;yG J o bif u sif ; yum tNyKdiftqkdif t&ufaomufMuavonf/ xkt d rsK;d orD;ig;&mrSm t&ufobifyJG rupm;rD ausmif;trBuD; 0domcgxHodkY oGm; a&mufum ]]&Sifr0domcg igwdkYwpfawG bbif upm;Mu&atmif}} [k zdwaf c:Muao;\/ xko d Ykd zdwfac:aomtcg 0domcgausmif;trBuD;u]]&SifrwdkY 'Dobifum; t&ufaomufaom yGJobifjzpfw,f/ igum; t&ufraomufyg}} [k ajymMum;vdu k &f m t&ufobifaomufpm;yGJ odkY wufa&muf&ef vma&mufzdwfMum;aom trsKd;orD;rsm;u]]at;av 'gjzihfvJ &SifrwdkYu bk&m; trSL;&Sw d o hJ C H mukd tvSLBu;D ay;ayhg? wdu Yk awmh t&ufaomufpm;yGJobifukd oGm;vkdufOD;r,f}} [k ajymum xGufoGm;Muawmh\/ 0domcg uvnf; ]]aumif;NyDav..}} [k 0efcHajymMum; NyD;aemuf bk&m;&SifESihfwuG oHCmawmfrsm;ukd yihfzdwfum qGrf;qufuyfNyD; tvSLBuD; ay;vSL av\/ naecsrf ; tcsd e f a &muf a omtcg 0domcgonf tarT;eHYomyef;rsm;ukd ,laqmif um w&m;emMum;&ef tazmftrsKd;orD;ig;&m

&S i f Ó P (zsmyk H )

wdEYk iS t fh wl aZw0efausmif;awmfoYkd oGm;a&muf avonf/ t&ufaopmaomufpm;xm;Muukef aom trsKd;orD;ig;&mwkdYrSm aZw0efausmif; rkcf0ü acwå&yfem;MuNyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m; xHawmfarSmuf 0ifa&mufMuav\/ 0domcg ausmif ; trBuD ; onf ausmif ; awmf w G i f ; od k Y a&mufavaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd &Sdckd;uefawmh um oihfavsmfaomae&mü xkdifaeav\/ t&ufaopmaomufxm;í rl;,pf aeMuukefaom t&uform;trsKd;orD;ig;&m wdkYonf ausmif;awmfwGif;a&mufaomf jrwfpGm bk&m;udkvnf; &Sdckd;Mujcif;rjyKbJ jrwfpGmbk&m; a&SUawmfarSmufü ukd;½kdUum;&m;xkdifoluxkdif? t&ufrl;,pfí aysmfjrL;aeaom trsKd;orD; wpfcsKdUu uckefaysmf&TifaeMujyef\/ xkdifae vsuEf iS fh ajcvIyo f u l vIy?f vufvyI o f u l vuf vIyf? oDcsif;qkdolu qkdaeMuavonf/ tcsKdUtrsKd;orD;rsm;u t&ufrl;vGef um pum;rsm; &efjzpfaeMu\/ xkdtajctae ukd jrifawGU&aom jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf; xkd t&uform; trsKd;orD;ig;&mwdkY xdwfvefY aMumuf&GHUrI jzpfapjcif;iSm rsufarSmifawmfrS nKdaoma&mifjcnfvTwfawmfrlvkduf&m ausmif; awmfBuD;wpfckvkH; tarSmifwkdufcef;BuD;ozG,f jzpfoGm;avawmhonf/ t&uf a opmaomuf p m;rl ; ,pf í uck e f a ysmf y g; pum;rsm;&ef j zpf a eMuaom trsKd ; orD ; ig;&mwd k Y xk d t jcif ; t&maMumif h aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYMuum t&ufrl;ajyoGm;Mu ukef\/ xkdpOf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xkdifawmfrl &m yv’ifxufrS ukd,fawmfukdazsmufvsuf jrifhrkd&fawmifxdyfwGif &yfwnfvkdufNyD;aemuf OPÖvkH;arG;&SifawmfrS jzLaoma&mifjcnfawmf vTwfawmfrlvkduf\/ xkdtcg vwpfaxmif tvif;a&mif

uJhodkY urÇmavmu"mwfwpfckvkH; xGef;vif; awmufyoGm;av\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t"d|mef wefckd;awmfaMumihf trsKd;orD;ig;&mESihfwuG 0domcgausmif;trBu;D wdo Yk nf jrif;rk&d af wmifxyd f ü &yfwnfaeawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd rsufjrifxif&Sm; zl;awGUMu&av\/ t&uf o rm; trsKd ; orD ; ig;&mwk d Y trl;ajyoGm;MuNyDukd odawmfrlaom jrwfpGm bk & m;u xk d t rsKd ; orD ; ig;&mwd k Y oH a 0* = aMumuf&GUHoGm;NyD; xdwfvefYrI&apjcif;iSm w&m; a[mMum;awmf r l \ / oH a 0*w&m;awmf u k d emMum;&í tqk;H wGif t&ufaopmaomufpm; í taysmfusL;Muaom trsKd;orD;ig;&mwdkY aomwmyefyk*¾Kdvfrsm;jzpfcJhMuavawmhonf/ w&m;obif N yD ; í jrwf p G m bk & m; jrif;rk&d af wmifxufrS qif;oufum ausmif;awmf \yv’ifaAGü xkdifawmfrlaomtcg 0domcg ausmif;trBuD;u ½kdaopGm&Sdckd;NyD; ]]t&Sifjrwf bk&m;? t&Suf taMumufw&m;ESpyf g;ukd zsuq f ;D wwfaom t&ufaomufpm;jcif;jzpfay:vmykH taMumif;ukd wynhfawmfr odvkdvSygw,f? a[mMum;awmf r l y g t&S i f b k & m;}} [k ar; avQmufav\/ 0domcg ar;avQmufvmaom aMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf; 0domcg odvkdaom t&ufjzpfay:vmykH? vlom;wdkY t&ufpNyD; aomufokH;wwfcJhMuykH taMumif;pkHukd twdwf ZmwfvSefí a[mMum;awmfrl&jyefavonf/ a&S;vGefavNyD;aomtcg Am&mPoD jynf0,f jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKpkd;pHawmfrlpOf umodwkdif;om;jzpfaom ]ol&m} trnf&Sdonhf rkqkd;wpfa,mufonf orif? '&,f paom om;aumifrsm;&SmazG&ef [dr0EÅmawmodkY oGm; avonf/ [dr0EÅmawmwGif;rS opfyifwpfyif onf tcGo;Hk cG&NdS y;D xko d ;Hk cGqt Hk v,fü tk;d yrm wGif;jzpfae\/ xkdwGif;rSm rkd;&GmvQif a&jynhf aeNyD; ywf0ef;usif&Sd oQd&Sm;? ozef;cg;? i½kwfNcKH wdkYrS t&GuftoD;wdkYonf xkdopfyifwGif;xJodkY usa&mufav\/ xkdYtjyif teD;tyg;&Sd o,HZmw av;tkdifrS oav;pyg;ukd aus;iSufwdkY ukdufcsD ,laqmifvmum xko d pfyifrmS em;ípm;Muukef \/ aus;iSufwkdYpm;aom oav;qefwdkYonf xko d pfyifwiG ;f xJoYkd usa&mufuek \ f / xko d pfyif wGif;xJ&Sd a&rSm aeylojzihf usKdaoma&yrm usufoGm;NyD; teDa&miftqif;&Sdaom ao t&ufjzpfoGm;av\/ pmrsuf E S m 9 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

,cif t ywf r S t quf tyk d i f ; (7) oH C mh t zG J U tpnf ; uk d wnf a xmif xd e f ; od r f ; yk H jrwf A k ' ¨ t k w f j rpf c scJ h a om oH C mh tzGUJ tpnf;Bu;D onf rZÑrd a'owGi;f 0,f w[kef wd;k jyefyY mG ;oGm;cJo h nf/ jyefyY mG ;cJ&h jcif;taMumif; wpf & yf r S m xk d a cwf u vl Y t zG J U tpnf ; wG i f xdyfqkH;rS&Sdonhf rif;pkd;&mZmrsm; yg0ifvmaom aMumifhjzpf\/ r*"wdkif;wGif bk&ifAdrÁdom&u pwifcsD;jr§ifhcJhaomaMumifh omoemrSm 'Da& tvm; wdk;wufcJh\/ wkdawmif;aomumv twGif; aumovwdkif;? t0EÅdwdkif;? 0ZÆDEkdifiH ponfwkdYwGif tajcpkdufrd½kHomru pnfyif jyefYyGm;xGef;um;oGm;ayonf/ aumovbk&if yaoe'D? r*"bk&if AdrÁdom&? t0EÅdwdkif;&Sif p@yaZÆmw? 0ZÆDEkdifiHrS vdpä0Drif;rsm; ponf wdkYonf jrwfAk'¨\ Oygoumrsm;jzpfvmonf/ rif;ESiw fh uG olaX;ol<u,f? tonfom;? qif;&J om;rusef Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/ tEI d i f ; rJ h a om t&nf t aoG ; rsm; þodkY Ak'¨omoemBuD; vsifjrefpGm jyefYyGm;oGm;&jcif;taMumif;rsm;rSm rsm;jym;vS onf/ yxrtaMumif;rSm jrwfAk'¨ukd,fawmf wkid &f o dS nhf t&nftaoG;rsm;jzpfonf/ jrwfAk'¨ onf xk d p Of u vl r I t ok d i f ; t0k d i f ; wG i f xd y f q k H ; rS & S d o nh f cwå d , rsKd ; rS qif ; ouf vmcJ h o l j zpf \ / 'k w d , taMumif ; rS m

jrwf A k ' ¨ \ tEI d i f ; rJ h a om Oy"d o G i f j yif vu©Pmawmfrsm;jzpf\/ (Ak'¨ukd rqkdxm;bd? ,aeY EkdifiHtoD;oD;&Sd acgif;aqmif rsm;\ Oy"doGifjyifrsm;rSm olYenf;olY[ef xl;jcm; olrsm;jzpfMuaMumif; owdjyKqifjcifMunhfyg/) wwd , taMumif ; rS m "r® \ xl ; jcm;aom pG r f ; &nf o wå d j zpf o nf / vuf i if ; vk y f u vuf i if ; tusKd ; &jcif ; ? aemif o H o &mtwG u f vk H a vmuf a om usK;d aMumif; qDavsmaf om pGr;f tm;ukad y;Ekid jf cif; ponhf owådrsm;jzpfonf/ pwk w ¦ t aMumif ; rS m "r® u k d jywf o m;pG m ? wd u scd k i f r mpG m ? &S i f ; vif ; pG m a[mMum;Ek d i f a om jrwf A k ' ¨ \ pG r f ; tif jzpf o nf / (aemuf y d k i f ; wG i f tcsKd U t0uf awGU&rnf/) yÍö r taMumif ; rS m "r® u k d vufawGUusihfokH;í "r®\t&dyfatmufwGif aexk d i f u sih f o k H ; Muaom &[ef ; oH C mxk \ cRif;csufrJhaomusihfBuHrIESihf acgif;aqmifrI wd k Y j zpf o nf / þodkY ponfjzifh jrwfAk'¨\acgif; aqmift*FgjynhfpkHrI? wynfh&[ef;oHCmwdkY\ aemufvkdufyDopGm vkdufemusihfokH;rI? "r®ukd jzefYa0EkdifrIwdkYonf tdE´d,EkdifiHwGif jrwfAk'¨ omoem 'Da&tvm; w[kew f ;kd wd;k yGm;oGm;jcif; \ taMumif;rsm;jzpfayonf/ us,f j yef Y a om oH C mh t zG J U tpnf ; twG u f wdkawmif;aom umvrsm;twGif; a'otoD;oD;ü wpf[kefxkd; jyeYfyGm;oGm;aom oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;BuD;\yrmPrSm BuD;rm;vS onf/ b0\taESmiftzGJU okc'ku©t00ukd &GHU&Smrkef;wD;í omoemhabmifodkY 0ifa&muf vmolrsm;yDyD jrwfAk'¨\ t"du&nf&G,fcsuf jzpfaom b0oHo&mrS vGwaf jrmufa&;vkyif ef; BuD;ukd rdrdwdkYukd,fykdiftodjzihf aqmif&GufaeMu ojzihf ESpfaygif; 20 (0gawmf 20 xd) twGif; ajymyavmufonhf jypfrIrsm;r&Sday/ jrwfAk'¨\ oGefoifñTefjycsufrsm;rSm vnf; ynwfcsufrsm;ryg/ qkdqkH;rrI Mo0g' oufoufomjzpfonf/

Oyrm(1) raumif ; rI r jyK&/ (2) aumif ; rI u k d ysKd ; axmif & rnf / (3) pd w f " mwf o ef Y p if & rnf / [laom t"dutcsufBuD; (3) csuf jzpf\/ xkdMo0g'rsm;rSm odrfarGUonf/ eufeJ onf/ ,if;wdkYteuf pdwf"mwfoefYpifrIonf t"d u jzpf o nf / oef Y p if a ompd w f " mwf onf ol a wmf p if w pf a ,muf j zpf a jrmuf a&;twG u f ta&;tygqk H ; jzpf o nf / xkdYaMumifh pdwf"mwfoefYpifrItwGuf jrwfAk'¨ onf "r®trsKd;rsKd;ukd enf;y&d,m,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzihf a[mjyoGefoifaejcif;jzpfonf/ xk d Y j yif jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf pm;0wf a e a&;twG u f twd k q k H ; ñT e f M um;csuf w d k Y u k d vnf; rdefYrSmawmfrlao;onf/ Oyrm(1) tpm;taomuf ü twd k i f ; twmod y g/ (2) wd w f q d w f N id r f o uf & müaeyg/ (3) ormywf & S p f y g;uk d tm;xk w f y gg-[l [l í jzpf \ / tcsKyf t m;jzih f ]]ol w pf y g;tm; xdyg;ykwfcwfolonf orPr[kwf}} [lí jzpfonf/ þMo0g'rsm;ukd "r®y'ü awGU& onf / Mo0g'ygwd a rmuf [k ac:onf / jrwfA'k o ¨ nf 0gawmf (20) twGi;f oHCmxkudk þMo0g'ygwdarmufjzifhom tkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ odaYk omf aemufyidk ;f umvrsm;wGiu f m; þrQjzihf rvkaH vmufawmhay/ Ak'o ¨ moemonf rif ; utp qif ; &J o m;tqk H ; tm;vk H ; \ tud k ; uG , f c H j zpf v monf / pm;0wf a ea&; twGuf aMumihfMup&mr&Sd/ xkdYaMumihf tcGihf ta&;orm;rsm;? avmfvDazmufjym;olrsm;? tvkq d E´q;dk &So d rl sm; omoemwGi;f odYk 0ifa&muf vmMuonf/ tcsKdUrSm rlvu pdwfaumif; qE´ aumif;? &nfrSef;csufaumif;aumif;jzihf 0if a&mufcJhonfrSef\/ taeMumaomtcg b0 vGwfajrmufa&;usihfpOfBuD;ukd arhavsmhum owdvufvGwfí tjypfrsm;ukd usL;vGefvmMu onf/ 0d e nf ; od u © m yk ' f y nwf & xkdYaMumihf odu©myk'f (Oya')rsm; xkwfjyefynwf&awmhonf/ odu©myk'frsm;rSm

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

usL;vGefaomjypf'Pftvkduf trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/ (1) vlowfrI (2) ckd;rI (3) arxkefrI dk w f u Ykd dk r& rodbJ olwumwdYk (4) psmefr*fzv txifBu;D apvkrd ?I vmbfvmb&Ekid rf w I aYkd Mumihf &onf odonf[k vdrv f nfajymqkrd -I [laom odu©myk'fBuD;av;yg;rSm &[ef;b0rS avsmus apaomtjypfrsm;jzpfonf/ yg&mZdu [k ac: onf/ ,if;wdt Yk euf wpfcck u k sL;vGerf u d &[ef; r[kwfawmh/ tusOf ; tm;jzih f (227) oG , f odu©myk'frsm;rSm &[ef;rsm;twGuf (227) oG,f&Sdonf/ trsKd;tpm;tm;jzihf ckepf rsKd;&Sdonf/ tus,ftm;jzihf uka#ukd;axmif ausmf&Sdonf/ &[ef;rsm;onf odu©myk'frsm;ukd rausmrf eif;rdatmif apmihx f ed ;f &onf/ rsm;jym; vSaom odu©myk'fwdkYukd apmihfxdef;&ef t"du vd k t yf c suf r S m t&S u f E S i h f t aMumuf ([d & D ?

MowåyÜ)yif jzpfonf/ rdrdukd,fukd &SufpdwfESihf olwpfyg;wdkY uJh&JUrSmukd aMumufpdwf&SdvQif yif od u © m yk ' f r sm;uk d ausmf e if ; &ef 0H h p m; rnf r [k w f y gacs/ yk x k Z Of o bm0 jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf jypf r I j zpf a y:wd k i f ; odu©myk'fwdkYukd ynwf&onf/ odkYaomf ykxkZOf wdkY\obm0um; azmufjym;vSacsonf/ b0 tquf q uf u ygvmcJ h a om 0goemqk d ; ? p½kdufqkd;wdkYonf xGufaygufukd tpOfxm0& &SmazGaeMuonf/ pdw\ f obm0um; raumif; rIüom aysmyf u kd o f nf/ xkpd w d rf mS þum; &[ef; þum; vl[k rcGJjcm;/ tcGihf&wkdif; azmufjyef NrJjzpfonf/ jrwfAk'¨ynwfxm;aom odu©myk'f rsm;onf &[ef;wdkY\ um,uH? 0pDuHrsm;ukd om xde;f csKyEf idk o f nf/ twGi;f tZÑwüå jzpfay: aeaom raemuHt,kww f &m;wdu Yk u dk m; rwm; Ekdifygacs/ raemuH u k d xd e f ; zk d Y & m jrwfAk'¨onf &[ef;rsm;tygt0if y&dowfav;yg;twGuf w&m;a'oemtoD;oD; ukd a[mawmfrlonf/ ur®|mef;w&m; trsKd;rsKd; ñTefjyawmfrl&onf/ tm;vkH;rSm okwåefw&m; awmfrsm;jzpf\/ okwåefw&m;wdkY\ tESpfom& rSm owå0gwdkY\p½kduf0goemrsm;ukd jyKjyifay; &efjzpf\/ rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? ukd,f? pdwf [l a om wH c g;ajcmuf a yguf r S 0if v mrpJ

woJoJaom tukodkvf jrLrIefwdkYukd wm;qD; ay;&efjzpf\/ twGif;tZÑwåü ckdatmif;ae aom tEko,udavomwdkYukd y,fEIwfay;&ef jzpf \ / ok w å e f w &m;awmf r sm;\ wef z k d ; jrwfAk'¨a[mMum;awmfrlonhf w&m; "r®wdkYonf owå0gwdkY\ESvkH;om;ukd xkd;azmuf Ekid o f nfomjzpf\/ "r®\toD;tyGiw fh u Ykd dk cHpm; &onfomjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh "r®a'oem\ tqkH;wGif aomwmyefrS &[EÅmtxdjzpfoGm; Mu\/ ESv;Hk om;"mwfcH nHah o;olwt Ykd wGuf um; wpfr*fwpfzkdvfukd r&Muapumrl vlYb0 \ 'ku©okct00ukd cHEkdif&nf&Sdaomvlrsm; jzpfvmMu\/ tyg,fav;yg;rS vGwfEkdifonhf vufrSwfukd r&Muao;aomfvnf; ukodkvf rsKd;aphukdum; pkdufysKd;BuJcsEkdifonf/ ES v k H ; om;jyKjyif a &;w&m;rsm; vlYavmu\ aumif;usKd;qkd;jypfrSef orQukd zefwD;ay;aeaomt&mrSm ESvkH;om; jzpf\/ESv;Hk om;u qk;d npfaomtcg vlaY vmu onf qkd;usKd;ukd cH&\/ ESvkH;om;u jzLpifaom tcg vl Y a vmuonf om,mat;csrf ; \/ xdaYk Mumihf jrwfA'k a¨ [mMum;onhf w&m;rSeo f rQ rSm jzLpifaomESvkH;om;ukd zefwD;&eftwGuf jzpf \ / ig;&mhig;q,fZmwfawmfrsm;? "r®y' vm 0w¦KZmwfvrf;rsm;tygt0if okwåefw&m; awmfrsm;rSm rsm;pGmus,f0ef;vSonf/ em,lol wd k Y \ p½k d u f 0 goemuk d tajccH x m;ojzih f pdwf0ifpm;zG,fvnf;jzpf\/ b0oifcef;pm &,lzefwD;ay;aomt&mrsm;vnf; jzpf\/ txl;ojzihf Zmwfawmfrsm;rSm &[ef; wdkYtm; omoemhabmifwGif raysmfykduf? aysmf ydkufatmif ur®|mef;w&m; tm;rxkwfjzpfu tm;xkwfjzpfatmif jyKjyifay;\/ enf;rsKd;pkH? pum;rsKd;pkHjzihf a[mMum;xm;ojzihf oHCmh tzGJUtpnf;twGuf ESvkH;om;jyKjyifa&;w&m; rsm;yif j zpf o nf / oH C muk d taMumif ; jyKí vlyk*¾KdvfwdkYtwGufvnf; tusKd;rsm;\/ om"utaejzihf w&m;wpfyk'f a&G; aumufí wifjyygrnf/ t*¾ d u © a E¨ m yrok w å e f jrwfAk'¨\ aeYpOf0wå&m;rsm;teuf rysufruGufwm0efwpfckrSm rkd;aomufptcsdef wGif vlYavmuukd Munhf½Iqifjcif&ouJhodkY oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;ukdvnf; Munhf½Iqifjcifjcif; jzpfonf/

ykxkZOfwdkY\obm0onf ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwwfykHukd txyfxyfqkdcJhygNyD/ p½kduf qkd; nmOfqkd;0ifvmaomtcg omref&[ef;ukd rqkdxm;bd? psmeftbdnmOf&yk*¾Kdvfyifaomf vnf; NyKdusysufpD;wwfygonf/ t&Sifa'0'wf onf om"u/ ,ckvnf; jrwfA'k t ¨ xHyg;wGif aeMu ygvsuf tusihfoDvysufMuonf/ csKdU,Gif;Mu onf/ olwdkYum; omoemhabmifrS xGufcGm roGm;/ bk&m;&dyf w&m;&dyfukd tumtuG,f ,lí ckdatmif;aeMuonf/ tcsKdUum; tusihfrJh 'kóDvrsm;? tcsKdUum; oDvaMumif tvZÆDrsm; jzpfMu\/ 'kóDvrsm;twGuf uk&maq;r&Sd/ &[ef ; b0rS xG u f o G m ;&ef o mjzpf \ / oD v aMumifrsm;twGurf l owdoaH 0*0ifatmifvyk f &ef oDv&Sad tmif jyKjyif&tk;H rnf/ oDvpifMu,f rS orm"djzpfrnf/ orm"djzpfygrS ynmwkd;wuf í omoem\toD;tyGihfukd cHpm;&rnf/ aumovwd k i f ; twG i f ; c&D ; <u þodkYaom &nf&G,fcsufjzihf jrwfAk'¨ onf &[ef;wdkYukdac:,lum aumovwdkif; twGif; c&D;a'opm&D <ucsDawmfrlonf/ c&D;xGufí twefMumvQif rD;pG,f rsm;xí wajzmif;ajzmif; awmufavmifae aom opfajcmufyifBuD;ukd jrifawmfrlonf/ &[ef;wdkYtm; w&m;a[mcGihf&NyD[k c&D;vrf;r rS oufqif;í opfwpfyif&if;0,f acwåow D if; okH;awmfrlonf/ xkdYaemuf &[ef;wdkYtm; þodkY rdeaYf wmfro l nf/ Ak ' ¨ - &[ef ; wd k Y rD ; ñT e f Y r D ; vQH a wG w[kef;[kef;xNyD; avmifuRrf;aewJh rD;ykHBuD; (t*¾du©E¨)ukd jrifMu&JUvm;/ &[ef;rsm; rsm;- jrifMuygonfbk&m;/ Ak'¨ - oifwdkYpdwfxJ b,fvkdoabm &MuovJ/ tJ'DrD;ykHBuD;ukd zufxm;&wmESihf Eke,facsmarmvSywJh rdef;rysKdav;ukdayGUzuf xm;&wm b,foif;u aumif;rnfxifovJ/ &[ef;wdkYxHrS rnfonhfpum;oHrQ xG u f r vm/ wd w f q d w f a eMu\/ Ak ' ¨ u qufvufírD ; yk H B uD ; zuf a o&wmu aumif ; ao;\ ]]&[ef;wdkY igajymjyrnf? *½kpkduf em;axmifMu? &[ef;wpfyg;[m oDvr&Sdbl;? pdwfxm;u ,kwfnHhw,f? trIdufo½kdufvkd (nHhzsif;wJh) tavhtxvnf;&Sdw,f? aemufNyD; ukd,fvkyforQtjypfawGukdvnf; zkH;uG,fxm; wwf w ,f ? uk d , f h u k d , f u k d &[ef ; vd k Y a wmif rowfrw S af wmhb;l ? twGi;f uvnf;yky?f udav

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/ omawGu wpkdpkd&Sdaew,f? a,mufoGm;vdkyJ bmrS t ok H ; rusbl ; ? tJ ' D v k d & [ef ; rsKd ; [m omoemawmfrSmaewmxuf rD;ykHBuD;zufao wmu ykad umif;ao;w,f? rD;ykBH u;D zufaooGm; &if wpfb0yJ 'ku©cH&r,f? aoNyD;wJhaemuf tyg,f'k*¾wduszkdY vrf;r&Sdawmhbl;/ om;NrD ; BuKd ; eJ Y &pf y wf c H & NyD ; ao&wmu aumif ; ao;\ ]]&[ef;wdkY OyrmxyfNyD;ay;&OD;r,f? tm;BuD;wJholwpfa,mufu wjcm;wpfa,muf &JU 'l;ESpzf ufudk om;Nr;D BuK;d ESifh &pfywfNy;D qGJ r,f? tqGJcH&ol&JU ta&xl? ta&yg;? taMum? t½kd;awGjywfNyD; ½kd;wGif;csOfqDckdufatmif em usifwJha0'emcHpm;&NyD; aooGm;r,f/ oDvrJhwJh&[ef;[m tJ'Dvdk aooGm; &if aumif;ao;w,f? 'kóv D b0eJY tvZÆb D 0 eJY 'um 'umrawG&JU &Sdckd;OD;ckdufwmukd cH,l r,fqkd&if tJ'D'ku©avmufBuD;rm;wJh tyg,f av;yg;'ku©ukd cHpm;&r,f}} &if 0 uk d "m;eJ Y x k d ; Nyd ; aowmu aumif ; \ ]]&[ef;wdkY aemufwpfrsKd;xyfajym OD;r,f? cRefjratmifaoG;xm;wJh "m;xufxuf ESihf &if0ukd xkd;pkdufcH&NyD; ao&wm? &J&JNiD;ae wJh oHyljym;ESihf wpfukd,fvkH;&pfywfcH&NyD; ao& wm? yg;pyfukdNzJNyD; oHvkH;awGukd xkd;xnfhvkduf vdkY EIwfcrf;? tm? vQm? vnfacsmif;awG avmif uRrf;NyD; tlodrftlrygrusef tavmifcHNyD; aooGm;wm? tJ'gawGeYJ ao&wJ'h u k x © uf 'um 'umrawG&JU vuftkyfcsDrI? o'¨ga',svSLwJh ypönf;av;yg;? anmifapmif; ponfukd tvSLcH okH;aqmifrIwdkYu ydkqkd;oGrf;w,f/ ESdyfpufrI trsKd;rsKd;cHpm;&NyD; aooGm; wmu wpfb0? wpfcE¨myJ/ ukd,fu oDvr&Sd? &SdwJhoDvuvnf; oDvaMumif? tJ'geJY qGrf;? ouFe;f ? ausmif;? aq;? ypön;f av;yg;ukd tvSLcH ok;H pGaJ er,fq&dk if aoNy;D wJah emuf tyg,fav; yg; 'k*¾wdbkHrSmyJ epfjrKyf&awmhr,f}} jrwfAk'¨onf oDvysuf&[ef;rsm;? oDvaMumif&[ef;rsm;? oabm,kwf twGif; ykyf&[ef;rsm; cHpm;&rnhfb0ukd tao;pdwf xkwfazmfa[mMum;awmfrlonf/ &[ef ; b0qk d o nf r S m owd w &m; vuf u k d i f x m;&aom b0jzpf \ / tpm; taomuf? taetxkdif? tajymtqkd? t0wf t½kHwdkYü tyÜrm'owdjzihf qifjcifae&aom b0jzpf \ / (twå w ¦ H - y&w¦ H - Ob,w¦ H 0 g bdua© 0 orÜórmaem0 tvar0 tyÜrma'e orÜma'wkEÅd) (tH? 2? 500)

9

aoG ; yG u f y G u f t ef M u txufygt*¾du©aE¨myrokwåef em Mum;&onhftcg &[ef;ajcmufq,f aoG;tef Muonf/ aoG;tefMuolrsm;pGm yg&mZduus aeolrsm;jzpf\/ omoemawmfwGif ukpm;í r&aom tjypfBu;D rsm;ukd ,kwrf maom tvkq d ;dk jzihf vGefusL;cJholrsm;jzpfMu\/ xkdol,kwfrm ta&NcKH r sm;onf jrwf A k ' ¨ \ w&m;awmf u d k emMum;&aomtcg olwdkYvkyfxm;onhf jypfrI rsm;twGuf ylyefaomua&mufMuawmhonf/ pdwaf pwoduw f u Ykd ylavmifaomtcg ½kycf E¨m BuD;uvnf; ylavmifvmawmhonf/ aomu

tñT e f ; - r[mAk ' ¨ 0 if

pmrsuf E S m 6 rS aEGtcgumvü a&qmaom iSufwdkY onf xk d o pf y if w G i f ; xJ r S a&uk d v ma&muf aomuf o k H ; Muonf / xk d o pf y if w G i f ; a&uk d aomufaomaus;iSuw f rYkd mS rl;,pfaomaMumihf ysHqif;um opfyif&if;wGif usa&mufukef\/ twefMum tdyfpufítrl;ajyrS xí jrnfwGef um ysH o ef ; oG m ;Muav\/ awmvnf r k q k d ; tol&mvnf; iSufwdkY\jzpfysufykHtjcm;t&m ukd jrifaomf þopfacgif;a&onf tqdyfjzpfyg u aus;iSufwdkY ao&rnf/ ,ckum; rao? twefi,f tdypf ufMuNy;D aemuf yso H mG ;Muonf/ þopf a cgif ; wG i f ; a&um; tqd y f rjzpfEkdif? prf;oyfNyD; aomufMunhfrnf[k BuH pnfvsuf opfyifay:wwfNy;D cyf,u l m tenf; i,f aomufMunhfav&m rl;,pfaom t&om cHpm;&NyD; opfyifay:rS rl;,pfíjyKwfusvm aom iSufrsm;ukd tarG;EIwf rD;uifpm;NyD; xkdopfyifatmufü okH;&ufcefY aexkdifav awmhonf/ xkdopfyifESihf rvSrf;rurf;üvnf; 0½kPqkdaom &aohwpfyg;&Sdí ol&mrkqkd;onf xk0d ½kP&aohEiS fh rdwaf qGzUJG um opfacgif;wGi;f rS&aom azsmf&nfESifh iSufuiftom;ukd pm; aomufum ol&mrkqkd;ESihf &aohwdkY &if;ESD; uRrf;0ifcJhMuavonf/ xkduJhodkY ol&mrkqkd;ESihf 0½kP&aohwdkY pwifawGU&SdaomufokH;Muonfukd taMumif;jyK í ,if ; opf a cgif ; wG i f ; rS & aom t&nf u k d ]]ol&m0½kP}} [laom trnfrSnhfac:cJhMu\/ rl;,pf&Da0apaom xkdol&m0½kPt&nfukd 0g;usnaf wmufA;l rsm;jzihf xnhí f ,laqmifum ol&mrkqkd;ESihf 0½kP&aohwdkYonf ypöEÅ&pfNrKdU odkY oGm;a&mufa&mif;csMu\/ olwdkYukd,fwkdif vnf; prf;oyfaomufo;Hk MujyMuonf/ ypöE&Å pf

rif ; ud k v nf ; tazsmf & nf q uf o Muav&m rif;vnf; oabmusojzihf ]]&Sdao;&JUvm;}} [k ar;&m ol&mrkqkd;ESihf 0½kP&aohwdkYu ]]&Sdyg ao;w,f}} [k ajzMum;\/ ol&m0½kPazsm&f nf ukeo f mG ;aomf [dr0EÅmukd oGm;a&muf,al qmif aeMu&ojzihf oGm;vm&aom'ku© vGwfuif; oGm;ap&ef rkqkd;ESihf&aohBuD;wdkYESpfa,muf wkdifyifum taqmuftOD; (t&ufcsufpuf½kH) aqmufvkyfvsuf rlvazsmf&nfjzpf&m opfyif \tacguf? oav;qef? i½kwf&Guf ponhf tvkH;pkHaomypönf;rsm;ukd xnfhNyD; NrKdUrSmyif aot&ufcsufMuavawmh\/ NrKdUrSm t&ufpcsufaomtcsdefrSpNyD; NrKdUolNrKdUom;? a,musfm;? rdef;r? vli,frsm;yg rl ; ,pf a omt&uf \ t&omuk d ES p f N cKd u f oabmusojzihf NrKdUolNrKdUom;wdkYonf umv Mumaomf aot&ufpGJNyD; aoaMuysufpD;ol ysufpD;Muonf/ touf&Sifvsuf&Sdaomfvnf; t&ufrl;,pfum arhavsmhMuukefí tvkyf tukdifrvkyfawmhMuaomaMumihf vltrsm; pD;yGm;Opömqkwf,kwfum aemufqkH;ü ypöEÅ&pf NrKd U onf tcsnf ; ES D ; uJ h o d k Y j zpf u m ysuf p D ; qdwfokOf;cJh&avawmh\/ ]em*&H oknH 0d, ta[mod} ]em*&H- NrKUd onf? okn0H , d - qdwo f Ok ;f ouJhodkY? ta[mod- jzpfav\} [k jrwfpGm bk&m;onf 0domcgtm; w&m;awmfukd a[m Mum;qkH;rawmfrlNyD;aemuf]]0domcg ZrÁL'dwfuRef;wGif xkdtcgrS pNyD; aot&ufaomufokH;jcif; jzpfay:jyefYyGm; vmayw,f}} &S i f Ó P (zsmyk H ) usrf ; uk d ; Zmwf-t|uxm/

t&Sdeft[yfcH&aom ESvkH;tdrfonf tyl'Pf ukd rcHEkdifawmhbJ aoG;yGufyGuftefMujcif; jzpf \ / vl x G u f M u aemufxyf &[ef;ajcmufq,fwdkYrSm vlxu G Mf u\/ xk&d [ef;rsm;rSm tmywf (tjypf) BuD;i,f oihfaeolrsm;jzpfMu\/ oHCm'daoo paom tjypftmywfrsm;rSm acs;uyfaeouJh odkY txyfxyfjzpfwifaeMuojzihf &[ef;b0 wGif qufvufae&rSm pkd;&GHUMuolrsm;jzpfMu\/

quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

omoemh&u©w d awG omoemh rmruawG rjywfowdjzihf apmihMf unhw f eG ;f vSeMf u q&mawmf OD ; eE´ (rEÅ a v;)

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omoemawmfwGif;0ifNyD; omoemh t&dyfukd ckdvIHcJhum omoemawmf\aus;Zl;ukd rodaomyk*K¾ v d rf sm;u a&SUb0 aemufb0qkw d m r&Sdbl;/ b0qkdwm ykcufeJYacgif;Mum;rSmom &Sdw,fqkdpum;eJY ukd,fhtjypfukd zkH;uG,faeol rsm;\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;rSm t½kyfqkd;vGef;vS ygonf/ a&S;wke;f uvnf; tvkq d ;dk okb'´&[ef; BuD;aMumifh omoemhxdyfacgifwif &Sifr[m uóyrax&f B uD ; OD ; pD ; NyD ; &[EÅ m ig;&mwd k Y yd#uawmfwdkYukd pkpnf;um yxro*Fg,em wifí t"r®0g'ukd ESdrfeif;um apmifha&SmufcJh Mu&yg\/ o*Fg,emwifcJhaom þ"r®0de, yd#uok;H yku H dk aemufxyf tydt k vkrd jyK&[kvnf; ynwfawmfrlcJhygao;\/ þonfuydk if 0ZÆw D idk ;f om; &[ef;rsm; u rtyf a om0d e nf ; ynwf a wmf ( 10)yg;uk d jyifqifí tyfonf[k jyKvkyfvmMuojzihf &Sifr[m,otrSL;jyKaom rax&fBuD;wdkYonf þrtyfaom 0denf;ynwfawmf(10)yg;ukd rtyfaMumif; okH;oyfjyí 'kwd,o*Fg,em wifcJh&avonf/ 0ZÆDwdkif;om;&[ef;rsm;onf rvkdufemonfh tjyif cGJxGufoGm;í pifNyKdif o*Fg,emwifcJhavonf/ aemuf oD & d " r® m aomurif ; BuD ; vufxufü omoemawmfrt S yjzpfaom wdwd¦ wdo Yk nf pm;0wfaea&;cufcMJ uojzihf omoem awmfwiG ;f wd0Yk ifí rdrw d t Ykd ,lurdk pGeb Yf J ½Iyaf xG; Muojzifh &Sirf [marm*¾vyd w k w å ó d rax&fBu;D trSL;jyKaom &[EÅmrax&fBu;D rsm;u t,l0g' rsm;ukd okwfoif&Sif;vif;jyí wwd,o*Fg ,em wifcJh&avonf/ (9)wdkif; (9)XmeodkY vnf; omoemjyKvw T í f omoem awmfBu;D ukd

jzefYusufcJhMuavonf/ omoemESpf (400-500) cefYa&muf aomtcg bk&m;yGiafh wmfral om tdE, d´ jynfBu;D üyif pifMu,faom ax&0g'omoemawmf jrwf B uD ; onf uG , f a ysmuf c J h & avawmh \ / (oHa0*,lzkdY aumif;vS\) oD[kdVfuRef;üum; (9)wkid ;f (9)XmeodYk omoemjyKvw T u f wnf;u &Sifr[dE´&[EÅmrax&fBuD;<uí omoemjyK awmfrl\/ oD[kdVfü omoempnfyifjyefYyGm;cJh yg\/ yk x k Z Of a umif ; uif y sH a &m? &[EÅ m aumif;uifysyH g rsm;jym;vSojzifh vSr;f xm;aom pyg;zsmawmif rajcmufEkdif[lí qkdpum;&SdcJh zl;\/ qGrf;cHNyD; qGrf;wufpm;&if; &[EÅm rjzpfzl;aom Z&yfr&Sd[k Mum;zl;yg\/ þrQavmuf omoemawmf pnfyif jyefyY mG ;xGe;f um;cJzh ;l ygaomfvnf; 0¥*grPdrif; vufxufwGif jA[®PwdóolykefBuD; ab;BuKH awGU&jcif;? rk;d acgifa&&Sm;ab;wdaYk Mumihf jynfol jynfom;rsm; upOfhuvsm;jzpf&? 0¥*grPdrif; Bu;D vnf; wdr;f a&Smifxu G af jy;cJ&h onf/ xkt d cg &[ef;awmfrsm;rSm ab;'ku© tBuD;tus,f a&mufMuukef\/ xkdYaMumifh wpfcsKdUoHCmawmf rsm; tdE´d,bufodkY ul;oGm;Muukef\/ wpfcsKdU oHCmawmfrsm;um; rnfonhft&yfodkYrQroGm; bJ &orQ opf&Gufopfcuf opfOopfzkrsm;ukd pm;um oD[kdVfrSmyif aecJhMu\/ xkdpOfu y&d,wådomoemawmfrSm tm*rtu©&mjzpfí tm*kHaqmifjcif;? tm*kH&Gwfjcif;? tm*kHoif,l yd k Y c sjcif ; wk d Y j zpf u k e f \ / xk d Y a Mumif h y&d , wå d omoemawmfBuD; uG,faysmufcJhvQif y#dywåd omoemawmf? y#da0"omoemawmfjrwfBuD; wdkYonfvnf; uG,faysmuf&ayawmhrnfjzpfí y&d,wåo d moemawmfjrwfBu;D ukd ruG,af ysmuf &avatmif &[ef;awmfrsm; yifyef;pGm apmihf a&Smuf&ukef\/ oJukd txkyfjyKvkyfí AkdufrSm uyfvsuf pmjyefawmfrlMuukef\/ jA[® P wd ó ol y k e f a b;BuD ; vnf ; Nidrf;oGm;NyD; wjznf;jznf;ESihf wkdif;jynfvnf; at;csrf;vmonfhtcg oHCmawmft&Sifjrwf rsm;onf omoemawmfESihfywfoufí aemifü þuJhodkY ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; BuKHcJhaomf aemif vmaemifom;wdkYonf rausmfvTm;EkdifMuojzihf omoemawmfjrwfBu;D onf uG,af ysmufEidk \ f /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ okdYjzpfí tm*rtu©&mrS ayxufü tu©&m a&;í pwkw¦o*Fg,em wifawmfrlcJhMuav ukef\/ (9)wkid ;f (9)XmeoYdk omoemjyK vTwf onhftcg jrefrmjynfokdYvnf; &SifOwå&ESihf &SifaomPwdkYonf ok0PÖbkr®d oxkHodkY<uvm í omoemjyKawmf r l M uuk e f \ / aemuf &Sift&[Honf taemf&xmrif;vufxufü yk*HjynfodkY<uí omoemjyKawmfrl\/ yk*Hü jynfojl ynfom;wdo Yk nf y&d,wåo d moemawmf jrwf B uD ; ruG , f a ysmuf a voí y#d y wå d omoem? y#da0"omoemawmfjrwfwdkYonf vnf; ruG,faysmufEkdif[k oabmaygufMu ojzihf y&d,wåpd mayukd tm;oGecf eG pf u kd f BuK;d pm; Muojzihf trsKd;orD;rsm;onfyif ygVdpmayukd wwfuRrf;Muonf[k qkdonf/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD; vufxufa&muf aomtcg aypmawGrmS ta&;trSwf tusrsm; vmojzihf aemifü ygVdpmay rcsKdU,Gif;&atmif [k ausmuf j ym;üa&;í yÍö r o*F g ,em wif a wmf r l c J h M uavuk e f \ / xk d t csd e f r S p í ausmufpmrS wjznf;jznf; pmtkyfacwfodkY ul;ajymif;vmawmh\/ pmtkyfacwfrSmvnf; ykHESdyfrIwdkY\ csKdU,Gif;rIwdkYaMumihf tustaysmuf rsm;vmjyefojzihf &efukefNrKdU? urÇmat;&Sd r[m ygomPvdP k *f al wmfBu;D ü ax&0g'Ak'¨ bmom ESifh r[m,me Ak'b ¨ mom0iftm;vk;H ukd yihzf w d f NyD; anmif&rf;q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅ a&0w trSL;jyKum q|oH*Fg,em wifcJhMu\/ r[m pnfq&mawmfBu;D u ykpu ä (tar;) q&mawmf? rif ; uG e f ; wd y d # u"& q&mawmf B uD ; u (tajz)0d o ZÆ q&mawmf t jzpf wm0ef , l cJMh uyg\/ y#dywådomoemawmfESihfpyfvsOf;í a&S ; a&S ; aomq&mawmf B uD ; wd k Y o nf t&G , f ti,fydkif;ü pmoifpmcsjyKvkyfMuí t&G,f& vmaomtcg awmxGufí w&m;tm;xkwfMu \/ odkYaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYodaom w&m;rsm;ukd taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;axmufqNyD; jyefvnfí a[majyma&;om;jcif;rjyKcJhMu/ v,fwDq&m awmfBu;D onf y&d,wåpd mayawGudk bmaMumihf oifae&wmvJ/ em;vnfatmifvdkY? em;vnf

awmh bmvkyfzkdYvJ? &atmifusihfzkdY? usihfzkdYqkd odNy;D jrefjrefem;vnfíusiEfh idk af tmif 'DyeDawG ESihf tusOf;aqmifoHcdyfusrf;awGukd a&;awmf rlcJhay\/ 'DtcsdefrSpí y#dywådomoemawmf jrwf B uD ; onf v nf ; wpwp xG e f ; vif ; í vmavawmh\/ ,cktcgrSmqkdvQif r[mpnf &dyfom? rkd;ukwf&dyfom? zm;atmuf&dyfom paom 0dyóemw&m;jya&SUoGm; acgif;aqmif awGaMumihf te,fe,f t&yf&yfwdkYrSm &dyfom awGzGihfí usihfpOf awGukd a[mMuajymMu jyo Muojzihf w&m; tm;xkwfzl;olawG rsm;vm ygNyD/ ravQmhwrf; tm;xkwfMuojzihf y#da0" omoemawmfjrwfBu;D onfvnf; a,m*DawG&UJ ESvkH;om;xJwGif wnfaeolrsm; ay:aygufvm cJhayNyD/ xkdYaMumihf w&m;xl;qkdwm 'Dvdkyg?

'DvkdcsKyfwmyg[k ajymEkdif vmMuí 0drkwådwpf ywfjyef y&rwfoHxl; ygvdrhfav;vdkY qkdwJh tcgwkid ;f xl;wJt h oHawG ay:vmygNy/D omoemh &u©dw omoemhrmru wdkY omoemawmf\ tEÅ&m,fukd umuG,f&if;? apmihfa&Smuf&if; þxl ; aomtoH a wG u k d us,f o xuf u s,f atmif jyefo Y xufjyefaY tmif ESo YH xufEaYHS tmif aqG;aEG;n§Ed idI ;f í jrefrmjynfwiG rf u urÇmodw Yk idk f atmif ysUH ESUH atmif jzefcY sMd uygpkv Yd Ydk yefMum;vku d f &ygawmhownf;/ [kd; a&S;a&S;wkef;u oma&;ema&; pmrsuf E S m 4 rS Al;qdkY} jzpfoGm;ayvdrhfr,f/ txl;owdjyKoihfMu ayw,f/ 3/ Zdae u'&d,H 'gaee u'&d , H - wG e f Y w d k o'¨ g enf ; ray;urf; rpGe&Yf aJ om uyfap;ESo J u l ?kd 'gaee(rdrdu) pGefY BuJay;urf;vSL'gef; rQa0jcif;jzihf?

Zdae- atmif &m\/ ay;urf;rI r&Sd? pGefYBuJrI ewd¬? wpfpHk wpf c k rjyKEk d i f a omol rjyKzl ; aom ol a wG rsm;pGm&Sdw,f/ ]acRwmpkaqmif; olaX;avmif;} qdkpum;udk vufudkifxm;um pD;yGm;Opömawmh &Smygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; vSLa&; wef;a&;rSm vufaES;aewwfMuw,f/ &yfa&; &Gma&;? vlrI a&;ud p ö t vS L cH u d p ö &S d w J h t cgrS m vnf ; [dt k aMumif;jy? 'DtaMumif;jyum uyfw;D uyfzhJ

11

r@yf r sm;wG i f 0d y óempum;ajyma[mol r&Syd g/ tckcsed f r@yfrmS pkrv d Qif 0dyóemw&m; ukd aqG;aEG;vmaomacwfokdY a&mufvmygNyD/ omoema&;? bmoma&;awG wd k ;wuf vm vkdufonfrSm pmwwfaywwf yd#uwfokH;ykH aqmifawG? w&m;&dyfomawG? w&m;tm;xkwf ol a wG ? w&m;awG U ol a wG t xd wk d ; wuf í yGiv hf if;vmvku d Mf uwm awGUMu jrifMu odMuwJh twkdif;ygyJ/ tck jrefrmwGifru urÇmwpfcGif ukdawmif 'Dw&m;awGukd jzefYaeNyDqkdonfukd oifwdkY t"r®0g'Drsm; odoihfMuayNyD? Mum;oihf MuayNyD/ þtcsuf a wG u k d rsuf u G , f j yKNyD ; ajymifajymifwif;wif; t"r®0g'awG wnf axmifum omoemzsufaeMu&ifjzihf t&Sdef jyif;jyif;eJYajy;vmaom rD;&xm;a&SUarSmufrSm 0ifa&mufNyD; qD;wGef;wJhvl[m usKd;aMuNyD; ykHus oG m ;ouJ h o d k Y omoemawmf B uD ; uawmh wkd;wufí t&Sdefaumif;aeojzihf rysufpD;bJ t"r®0g'D omoemzsufawGom ,ckb0rSm vnf ; tMuOf t y,f c H & í tajcysuf taeysufjzpf? oHo&mrSmvnf; tyg,f(4)bkHü wpfbNHk y;D wpfbHk ajymif;vJcaH e&í vGw&f ufr&Sd jzpfaeMutkH; r,faemfowdxm;Muayawmh/ q&mawmf O D ; eE´ (rEÅ a v;) usrf;ukd;- omoem 2500 c&D;/ vkyfavh&SdMuw,f/ bk&m;&Sif vufxufu awma',s olaX;BuD;&JU xHk;udkESvHk;rlum vSLavhr&Sdyg/ awma',s olaX;BuD;&JU vufoHk;pum;uawmh ]a[h igYom; aiGtojymqdkwm azG&SmorIyJ jyK &r,f? oH;k r,fq&kd if a[m'Drsupf Of;ykvif;xJu rsufpOf;vdkyJ? wpfpufcsif; wpfpufcsif; cyf&if; cyf&if; ukefoGm;a&m} ygwJh/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;ay;wJh enf;vrf;rSm ypön;f udk (4)yHk yHyk g? (1)yHpk m;? (1)yHx k m;? (2) yHu k kd vkyif ef; twGuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHvdkY qdkygw,f/ udk,fpm;oHk; r,f (1)yHk xJu vSLEdkifygw,f/ ydkNyD; ukefcrf; roGm;ygbl;? pD;yGm;a&;vnf; rxdcdkufEkdifygbl;? (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) rH k & G m aeZm

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13

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14

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

toGifzsufí ½kyfemrfoufoufrQjzpfyHkudk tbd"r®mw&m;awmfü a[mjy xm;\/ þrQomruao;/ tbd"r®mw&m;awmfonf t"dynmodu©m udk jrihrf m;apNy;D tEko,udavomudk z,f&mS ;Edik af tmif pGr;f aqmifraI y; \/ t,ltqrSm;,Gif;rIudk aysmufuif;ap,HkrQru? udavomrSeforQ orkapä'y[mefjzihf y,f&Sm;Ekdifatmif taxmuftuljyK\/ bk & m;a[m[k w f r [k w f j yóem okdY&mwGif tbd"r®ma'oemESihfpyfvsOf;í bk&m;a[m[kwf? r[kwq f o kd nhf oHo,jzpfro I nf omoemhorkid ;f ü txift&Sm;ay:ayguf cJhzl;\/ ,aeYwdkifatmif tcsdKUaomtaemufwkdif;om;wdkYu tbd"r®mudk Ak'¨\w&m;tjzpf vufcHvdkjcif;r&SdMuao;aMumif; od&\/ t|omvdeD\ ed'geuxmrSm tbd"r®mESihfpyfí bk&m;a[m [kwfr[kwf 0d0g'jzpfyGm;yHkudk þodkYrSwfwrf;wifxm;\/ tusOf;tm;jzihf þüazmfjyygrnf/ ]]wcgu t,ltqrsdK;pHk&Sdaom y&dowfrSm? tbd"r®maqmif &[ef;wpfyg;u ]udk,fawmhw&m;u &Snfvkdufwm? jrif;rdk&fawmifBuD; ywfoGm;ae&ovkdygvm;/ udk,fawmhokwfu bmokwfvJ¿ [kar;&m? tbd"r®mokwfvdkY ac:ygw,f}} [k ajz\/ xdktcgtqdkyg&[ef;u ]]bmjzpfvdkY tbd"r®mokwfudk a[m& wmvJ¿ tjcm;bk&m;a[mwJhokwfwpfokwfa[mzdkYaumif;wmayhg}} [k qdk&m? "r®uxdu&[ef;u ]]'gjzihf tbd"r®mudk b,fola[mwmvJ¿ [k ar;\/ ]]udk,fawmh tbd"r®mu bk&m;a[mr[kwfbl;}} [k tqdkyg &[ef;u ajymav\/ 0d e nf ; roif b l ; í t&rf ; ajymqd k j cif ; þwGif tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwq f o kd nh&f [ef;tm; þodYk ajymqdkum ESdrfeif;cJh&\/ ]]'gjzihf udk,fawmf 0denf;oifzl;&JUvm;..}} ]]roifz;l ygbl;...}} ]]udk,fawmh[m? 0denf;roifzl;awmh? rodvdkY? tbd"r®mbk&m; a[mr[kwfvdkY ajymwmudk;...}} ]]vH;k 0roifz;l wm r[kwyf gbl;? enf;enf;awmh oifz;l ygw,f..}} ]]udk,fawmfenf;enf;oifwm[mvnf;? awmfpGmhavsmfpGmh oifwmjzpfavmufw,f/ y&dowftpGefrSmxdkifNyD;? tdyfidkuf&if; oifwm jzpf&r,f/ ud, k af wmhvkd yk*Kd¾ vrf sKd ; &[ef;cH&iS jf yKvyk w f m tjypfBu;D wmayhg/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk&if 0denf;uav;awmif awmfatmifvsmfatmif oifvdkY ayhg/ 0denf;usrf;rSm 'Dvdkqdkxm;w,fav..}} uJh&JU½IwfcsvdkvdkYr[kwfbJ]]igh&iS f wdu k w f eG ;f yg&ap? okweå jf zpfap? *gxmjzpfap? tbd"r®m jzpfap t&ifoifyg/ 0denf;udkaemufrS oifayhg}} [k ajymqdku tmywf roifh[lívnf;aumif;? okwåefrSm tcGifhawmif;NyD;? tbd"r®mudkjzpfap?

0denf;udkjzpfapar;\/ tbd"r®mrSm tcGifhawmif;NyD; okwåefudkjzpfap?

0denf;udkjzpfapar;\/ 0denf;rSm tcGifhawmif;NyD; okwåefudkjzpfap? tbd"r®mudkjzpfapar;\/ ]]udk,fawmf[m 'Davmufav;rS rodbJudk;..}} tbd " r® m bk & m;a[mjzpf j cif ; 0de,yd#uvm txufygpmydk'frsm;ü okwf? 0denf;? tbd"r®m oH;k rsKd ; &Sad Mumif; azmfjyxm;ojzihf okw0f ed nf;[m bk&m;a[mjzpfouJo h ?Ykd tbd "r®mvnf; bk&m;a[mjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf[kqdkvkd\/ rZÑdredu,fvm r[ma*god*Fokwfonf tbd"r®mbk&m;a[m

jzpfaMumif; ydkícdkifrmaom om"ujzpf\/ r[ma*god*FokwfrSm t&Sif arm*¾vmefu ]]ihg&Sif om&dyMk wm? &[ef;ESpyf g;wd[ Yk m tbd"r®mtaMumif; aqG;aEG;ajymqdkw,f/ wpfyg;eJYwpfyg; ar;Muw,f/ ajzMuw,f/ qkwf qkwfqdkif;qdkif;r&SdMuwJhtjyif olwdkYtbd"r®mpum;0dkif;[m acsmharGUae w,f/ 'Dvt kd bd"r®mpum;0dik ;f rSm aqG;aEG;MuwJyh *k Kd¾ vrf sKd ;eJo Y m 'DtifMuif; awmBuD;[m vSywihfw,fEdkifygw,f}} [k ajymqdk\/ Ak ' ¨ u d k , f a wmf w k d i f axmuf c H j cif ; xdktcsufudk Ak'¨tm;avQmufMum;aomtcg? Ak'¨u axmufcH csuf ay;awmfrlonf/ tu,fíom tbd"r®mbk&m;a[mr[kwfbl; qdkygu jrwfpGmAk'¨u tbd"r®mpum;0dkif;udk axmufcHrnfr[kwfaMumif; odom\/ tav;teuf o wd a y;cJ h j cif ; tbd"r®mESipfh yfvsO;f í t|uxmt&Sirf [mAk'a¨ Cmouvnf; þodkY owday;pum;a&;om;xm;\/ ]]tbd"r®mudk y,fzsuo f [ l m? Ak'o ¨ moemudk ykwcf wfapmfum; ol? oAÁnKwÓPfudk [efw Y m;ol? a0om&ZÆÓPfukd zsuq f ;D oljzpfw,f}} [k tav;teufowday;cJhonf/ bk & m;a[mtppf j zpf a Mumif ; pd p pf M u[ef tbd"r®ma'oemudk bk&m;a[ma'oemtjzpf pdppfzu Ykd v kd nf; tar;tajzpum;jzihf xif&Sm;apEdkif\/ (1) tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk b,ft&mu pwifjzpfay:ap ovJ¿ aAm"d Ó Pf u d k OD ; wnf o G m ;apwJ h , H k M unf c suf u pwifjzpfay:apygw,f/ (2) b,fb0rsm;rSm aAm"dÓPfudk&ifhusufapcJhovJ¿ ig;&mig;q,fu b0rsm;rSm aAm"dÓPfudk &ihfusufap cJh&ygw,f/ (3) aAm"dÓPfudk b,frSm&cJhovJ¿ aAm"dyifatmufrSm &cJhygw,f/ (4) b,ftcgrSm &cJhovJ¿ uqkefvjynhfaeYrSm &cJhygw,f/ (5) b,fyk*¾dKvf &cJhwmvJ¿ oAÁnK&Sifawmfbk&m; &cJhwmyg/ (6) tbd"r®mudk b,frSmqifjcifoHk;oyfcJhwmvJ¿ aAm"dr@dKifrSmyg/ (7) b,ftcgrSm qifjcifoHk;oyfcJhwmvJ¿ &weC& owåm[ ac: &weC&rSm aexdkifpOf&ufywf rSm qifjcifoHk;oyfcJhygw,f/ (8) b,fyk*¾dKvfqifjcifoHk;oyfygovJ¿ oAÁnKw&Sifawmfbk&m;qifjcifoHk;oyfcJhygw,f/ (9) tbd"r®mw&m;udk b,frSma[mcJhygovJ¿ wm0wd HomewfjynfrSmyg/ (10) b,fyk*¾dKvfawGtwGuf a[mwmvJ¿ ewfjA[®mawGtwGufyg/ (11) bm&nf&G,fcsufeJY a[mwmvJ¿ oHo&m0JMoCBu;D 4-ckrS u,fxw k zf &Ykd nf&, G cf suef aYJ [m cJhwmyg/ pmrsuf E S m 22 ok d Y

VISION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS (1) y"me- jy|mef;aomaMumihfvnf;aumif;?

(2) ygoHo- csD;rGrf;tyfaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;?

(3) Ó,- owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;?

(4) [dwbm0awm- owå0gwd\ Yk tusK;d pD;yGm;udk aqmifwwf aomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? ]]ukovm"r®m}} [laom ygVdawmfukd odrYk [kwf ukov kd w f &m;wdYk udk tbd"r®musrf;OD;tpü a[mawmfrlukef\/ (1) uk o k d v f w &m; y"mejzpf y H k jrwfpGmbk&m; yapöuAk'¨m? &[EÅm? t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkY\ psmef tbdnmOf? r*f? zdkvf? ypöa0u©PmÓPf? y#dordÇ'gÓPf? oAÁnKwÓPf ponf okcy#dy'gcdygÜ bdn {w'*fzUJG xl;? {[dbu d K© tjzpfpaom avmuD avmukw&å m "r®qikd &f m *kPx f ;l 0daoo tm;vH;k wdt Yk wGuf r[m ukov dk f onf y"mejzpf\/ (½ly? t½ly? r*fukokdvfonf tenf;i,frQom y"m ejzpf\) avmubufüvnf; jA[®mrif;? ewfrif;? odMum;rif;? pMumrif;? ya'o&mZf {u&mZfrif;wdkY\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;om/ olaX;ol<u,fpaom olwdkY\ pD;yGm;OpömwdkYonfvnf; r[mukokdvf y"mejzpf\/ xdkr[m ukokdvfjyKí xdkpnf;pdrfcsrf;om pD;yGm;OpömwdkYudk &,lMu&\/ þae&mü &Sif;jy&efrSm ½lyukokdvfonf tbdnmOfudkvnf; aumif;? jA[®mhjynfü jzpfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? aus;Zl;jyKEkdif\/ t½ly ukodkvfonf tbdnmOf\ tajccHudkvnf;aumif;? t½lybHküjzpfjcif;udk vnf;aumif;? aus;Zl;jyKEkdif\/ r*fukodkvfonf udavomy,fjcif;udk vnf;aumif;? edAÁmefudkrsufarSmufjyKjcif;udkvnf;aumi;f? zdkvfw&m;udk vnf;aumif;? bk&m;? yapöuAk'g¨ wd\ Yk *kPorÜwu åd v kd nf;aumif;? aus;Zl; jyK\/ r[mukodkvfavmuf t&mrus,facs/ þonfwdkYum; ukokdvfw&m;\ avmuDavmukwå&m bufpHk pnf;pdrfcsrf;om usufoa& r*Fvmtaygif;wdkY\ y"me jzpfyHkrsm;yif jzpfygonf/ (2) uk o d k v f w &m; csD ; rG r f ; xd k u f y H k ukokdvfw&m;onf txufujyqdkcJhaom tusKd;w&m;wdkYudk jzpfapwwfaomaMumihf? tvGefcsDF;rGrf;xdkuf\/ csD;rGrf;Mu&rnfh w&m; rsm;wGif þukodkvfw&m;onf xdyfqHk;wef;u yg&Sd\/ rmbdu©a0 yknmeH bm,dwå ]]&[ef;wdkY ukokdvfjyK&mrSm raMumufMuygESihf}} okc aówH t"d0peH? £|ó uEÅó remyó ,'d'H yknm eDwd ]]ukodkvfawGqdkwm vdkvm;ESpfoufjrwfEdk;tyfaom csrf;om jcif;taMumif;t&if; trnfjzpfw,f}} þodkYvQif £wd0kwfygVdawmfü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ukokdvf w&m;udk csD;rGrf;awmfrlcJhygonf/ yknaÍö yk&daom u,d&m ]]ukokdvfaumif;rIwpfckck jyKrdatmifjyKav}} u,d&meH ykeyÜKeH ]]jyKNyD;aom tcg? ukokdvfudkom xyfcg xyfcg jyKygav}} wrSd qE´H u,d&mx ]]taMumif; rnD jyKOD;rnf[k BuHpnfpdwfapmav}} okacg yknó Opöa,m ]]ukokdvfpkrS csrf;om& Ak'¨a[m`rGwfay}}

15

þodkYvnf; Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf ukodkvfudk csD;rGrf;awmfrlaMumif; jzihf "r®y' ygVd? vmZmewforD; 0w¬Kü vmonf/ þonfum; umr? ½ly? t½ly? r*fukokdvf\ txl;ojzihf ya&myPÖmo"r® r[mpdwårnfaom r[mukokdvf\ csD;rGrf;yHkyifjzpfyg onf/ (3) ukokdvfonf owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfyHk owå0gwdkYonf qdk;usKd;udk tvdkr&Sd? aumif;usKd;udkom tvdk &SdMuonf/ ukokdvfonf qdk;usKd;udk y,fwwf\/ aumif;usKd;udk jzpfap wwf\/ xdkYaMumihf ukokdvfonf owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfaom w&m; jzpf \ / ukokdvfonf qkwf,kwfysufpD;jcif;udk umuG,fay;wwf\/ xdx Yk uf Bu;D yGm;jcif;udk jzpfapwwf\/ xdx Yk uf Bu;D yGm;jcif;udk jzpfapwwf \/ qif;&J'ku©udk y,fwwf\/ csrf;omokcudk jzpfapwwf\/ avmu"H&Spfyg;wdkYwGif raumif;aom avmu"Hav;yg;udk y,fí aumi;faom avmu"Hav;yg;udk jzpfapwwf\/ xdaYk Mumihf ukov kd f onf owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfqHk;jzpfaom tm;udk;tm;xm;w&m;jzpf avonf/ ukokdvfonf te0pötjypfvnf;r&Sd? okc0dygu aumif;aom tusKd;udkvnf; jzpfapwwf\/ xdkYaMumihf ukokdvfonf owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfaom w&m;jzpf\/ owå0gwdkYESihf toihfqHk;aom "r®aq;0g; "mwfpmvnf;jzpfonf/ tar;wpf u k a # tajzwpf c suf tar;wpfuak # tajzwpfcsuq f o kd nfEiS t fh nD Opömaygcsiv f Qif ukokdvfvkyf? ½kyfacsmcsifvQif ukodkvfvkyf? trsm;cspfapcsifvQif ukodkvf vkyf? trsKd;jrwfcsifvQif ukokdvfvkyf? xifay:csifvQif ukokdvfvkyf? atmifapydkifap? EkdifapvdkvQif ukodkvfvkyfponftm;jzihf ukodkvfonf owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfaom owå0gwdkY\ tBudKufudk aqmifekdifaom w&m;xl;0daoovnf;jzpfonf/ þonfwdkYum; ukokdvfonf owå0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfyHkrsm;yif jzpfavonf/ (4) uk o d k v f o nf owå 0 gwd k Y \ tusKd ; pD ; yG m ;ud k aqmif & G u f y H k ukov dk o f nf owå0gwd\ Yk tusK;d pD;yGm;udk aqmif&u G af y;yHrk sm; rSmum; tyg'gef? "r®y' paom ygVdawmfBuD;rsm;ü tvGefxif&Sm;vS\/ tenf;i,frQaom 'ge? oDv? bm0empaom ukokdvfuav; rsm;aMumihf tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfoGm;Mu&yHkrsm;rSmvnf; tvGefyif tHhMop&m aumif;vSayonf/ tESpfajcmufq,fMum vlowfvmcJhaom vlowform;BuD; wrÁ'g|duonf t&Sifom&dykwå&mtm; qGrf;vSLí w&m;tenf;i,f em,lcJh&aom ukokdvfaMumihf tyg,frusawmhbJ ewfjynfa&muf&SdoGm; avonf/ aovQif tyg,fi&JodkYusawmhrnfh 'Gef;p@m;rtkdBuD;onf vnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sit f m; vuftyk w f pfcsD &Scd ;kd avaom ukov dk af Mumihf tyg,frusawmhbJ ewfjynfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;av\/ aovQif tyg,fusrnfh r|uk@vDvkvifonf ao&manmif apmif ; avsmif ; puf & if ; qG r f ; cH < uvmaom jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f t m; vuftkyfwpfcsD zl;arQmf&aom ukokdvfaMumihf tyg,frvm; awmhbJ ewfjynfodkY a&muf&avonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; tNrJc&D;OD;BudKydkY tNrJ&Sdcdk;avh&Sdaom a0'dóuawmifrS ZD;uGuif u S o f nf aoqH;k aomtcg ewfjynfa&mufí

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

16

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfpmG bk&m;ud, k af wmfwikd u f þiSuu f m; urÇmwpfoed ;f vGeaf om tcg (2) 0d b if ; ygVd a wmf yÍö u © E ¨ m ? ½l y u© a E¨ m ? a0'emu© a E¨ m ? onmu© a E¨ m ? aomreó rnfaom yapöuAk'¨gjzpfvwåHU[laom Asm'dwfawmfpum; ocFg&u©aE¨m? 0dnmPu©aE¨m/ rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ ww¬ uwarm ½lyu©aE¨m? ,HuÍd dö ½lyH twDwm em*w ypöKyEÜ ?Hé þuJhodkY tp&Sdaom 0w¬Koufaoom"ursm;pGmwdkYudk azmf aqmifodrSwfMu&m\/ þonfum; ukokdvfonf owå0gwdkY\ tusKd; tZÑwåH0g A[d'¨g0g? MoVm&duH 0g okckrH0g? [DeH0g yPDwH0g? ,H'la& oEÅdau0g? wa'uZÑH tbdonL[dwGm? tbdocØydwGm? t,H0kpöwd? pD;yGm;udk aqmif&GufyHkrsm;yifjzpfayonf/ ½lyu©aE¨m/ tbd " r® m jrwf a 'oem (3) "mwk u xmygVd a wmf r[k ó a0g? tEk y Ü a wå m ? o*Fa[m to*Fa[m? o*F[ad we to*F[w d ?H to*F[ad w tbd " r® ' d a e t,H / e o*F[w d ?H o*F[ad we o*F[w d ?H to*F[ad we to*F[w d ?H orÜa,m tbd " r® H bPd ó r? a*g 0d y a Ü ,ma*g? orÜ , a k wå e 0d y , Ü w k ?

H å 0d y , Ü a k wå e orÜ , w k ?Hå orÜ,ak wå ok P EÅ K abm o*g&0g/ e orÜ,kwåH? 0dy,kawåe 0dyÜ,kwåH? o*F[dawe orÜ,kwåH 0dyÜ,kwåH? b'´EÅm = "r®0D&rmru w&m;cspfcif olawmfpiftaygif;wdkY? orÜ,kawåe o*F[dwH to*F[dwH? to*F[dawe orÜ,kwåH 0dyÜ,kwåH? t,H'daem= oDwif;uRwfvjynhf þ,aeYonfum; htbd"r®'daem= tbd"r®ma'oemudk aocsmNyD;qHk;? ed*Hk;urÜwf? tNyD; 0dyÜ,kawåe o*F[dwH to*F[dwH/ owfatmif? apmjrwfpdaEÅ? a[mrdefYacRonfh BuHKav (4) yk * ¾ v ynwf ygVd a wmf qynwd å ? cE¨ y nwd å ? tm,we ynwd å ? "mwk y nwd å ? xl;jcm;? tbd "r®maeYBuD;ygwum;/ opö y nwd å? £`Ed´, ynwdå? yk*¾vynwdå/ r[kó0g = a'oemÓPf? ewfXmefuGefYjrL;? w&m;xl;udk a[musL;cJhjim;? udwåm0wm cE¨meH? cE¨ynwdå? ,m0wm yÍöu©E¨m? ½lyu©aE¨m? aeYwum;[k? rSwfom;pDpOf? crf;em;,ifí? jyifqifjc,frGrf;? a&mifvQH xGef;vsuf? c0ef;&Hvwf? y&dowfwdkY? pdwf"mwf a0'emu©aE¨m? onmu©aE¨m? ocFg&u©aE¨m? 0dnmPu©aE¨m? {w¬m0wm MunfE;l ? 0oDx;l atmif? &nfp;l aqmifom;? aemufaemif,ck? cE¨meH cE¨ynwdå/ udwmå 0wm tm,wemeH tm,weynwd?å ,m0wm 'Gg'om tusKd;pkwdkY? wdk;rI,SOf&m? r*Fvmwnfh xifpGmvufa0? , wemed? pu©m,weH? ½lyg,weH? aomwm,weH? o'´g,weH? Cmem usufoa&&SdNyD;? þyGJawmfjrwf obifBuD;onf? tEkyawåm= yGJBuD;,if&m? pOftvmjzihf? csdefcg,aeY? qdkufa&mufí ,weH? *E¨m,weH? Zd0Sm,weH? &om,weH? um,m,weH? azm|AÁm ,weH? rem,weH? "r®m,weH? {wåm0wm tm,wemeH? tm,we vmcJhygNyDwum;? tbd"r®H = twd*rÇ?D eufeJonf[k? *kPf&nfvQrf;jzm? usrf;awmfjrwf ynwd/å (5) uxm0w¬ K ygVd a wmf tbd"r®mudk? yk*¾avm? OyvAÇwd? opädu|? y&raw¬emwd? tmrEÅm a,m bPdór = yDjyifjywfom;? &GwfyGm;MuygukefpdkY/ opd ä u a|m y&raw¬m? waom aomyk*¾avm OyvAÇwd? opdäu| abm=tbd"r®m? tcgawmfobif? qif,ifpak ygif;? tdk olawmfaumif;wd/Yk y&raw¬emwd? ea[0H 0wåaAÁ/ wkarS =oifolawmfaumif; taygif;wdkYonf? tmZmem[de*d w ¾ H [Íöd yk*a¾ vm? OyvAÇwd opäu d |y&raw¬e? tbd"r®H = "r®u©E¨maygif; av;aomif;ESpfaxmif? jrm;ajrmifpGmvS? *rÇD& awe 0wa& 0wå a AÁ ]]a,m opd ä u a|m y&rawm ? wawm aom euf0Srf;? tbd"r®mckepfusrf;udk? yk*¾avm? OyvAÇwd opädu| y&raw¬em}} wd? ,Hww¬0a'od? ]]0wåaAÁ o*g&0g = ½dkaoav;pm;? MunfndKaomtm;jzihf? okPEÅK = w&m;awmf*P k ? ud, k v f ;kH xHv k su?f tm½Hw k pfyg;? pdwrf oGm;bJ acg yk*¾avm? OyvAÇwd opdäu| y&raw¬e? aemp0wåaAÁ a,m opdä u| y&raw¬m? waomaom yk*¾avm OyvAÇwd opdäu|? y&raw¬em}} zwf½IemMum;Muygukefavmh/ wdrdpäm/ tbd " r® m (7)usrf ; usrf ; OD ; *gxmawmf r sm; (6) ,rd k u f y gVd a wmf (1) "r® o *F P D y gVd a wmf 1/ a,maupd ukovm"r®m? oaAÁaw ukvomrlvm?

1/ ukovm"r®m? tukovm"r®m? tAsmuwm"r®m/ a,0gye ukovrlvm? oaAÁaw "r®mukovm/ 2/ okcg, a0'em,? orÜ,kwåm"r®m/ 2/ a,aupd uk o vm"r® m ? oaAÁ a w uk o vmrl a ve 'ku©m, a0'em,? orÜ,kwåm"r®m/ {urlvm/ t'ku©mr okcg,? a0'em? orÜ,kwåm"r®m/ a,0g,e ukovrlave? {urlvm? oaAÁaw "r®m/ 3/ 0dygum"r®m? 0dygu "r® "r®m? ae00dygu e 0dyu"r® (7) y|mef ; ygVd a wmf "r®m/ a[wkypöa,m? tm&r®Pypöa,m? t"dywdypäa,m? teEÅ& 4/ Oyg'dPÖK yg'ged,m"r®m? tEkyg 'dPÖKyg'ged,m "r®m? ypöa,m? oreEÅ& ypöa,m? o[Zmwypöa,m? tnrn ypöa,m? tEkyg'dPÖ tEkyg'ged,m "r®m/ 5/ oHudvd| oHudavodum "r®m? toHudvd| oHudav edó,ypöa,m? Oyedó, ypöa,m? yka&Zmwypöa,m? ypämZmwypö a,m? tmao0eypöa,m? ur®ypöa,m? 0dyguypöa,m? tm[m& odum "r®m? ypöa,m? £`Ed´, ypöa,m? psmeypöa,m? r*¾ypöa,m? orÜ,kwåypöa,m? toHudvd| toHudavodum "r®m/ 0dy, Ü w k yå pöa,m? twdy¬ pöa,m? ewdy¬ pöa,m? 0d*wdypöa,m? t0d*w ypöa,mwd/ 6/ o0dwuú o0dpm&m "r®m? t0dwuú 0dpm&rwåm "r®m? t0dwuú t0dpm&m "r®m/ pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y

TALKS ABOUT THE TRUE STORY "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

17

taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&arS m f b D ) r,f a wmf B uD ; &J U &if z G i h f p um; r,fawmfBu;D u rSev f yS gbk&m;? 'DtaMumif;rsm;udk wynhaf wmf r&JU om; t&Sifbk&m;oli,fcsif;udk rajymygeJYbk&m;? odoGm;vdkY&SdvQif pdwfraumif;jzpfrSmpdk;vdkYyg bk&m;[k avQmufxm;av\/ r,fawmfBuD;&JUom;udk rodapcsif&if rajymygbl;? r,fawmf BuD;nu vkyfwmawGajymay;yg? tarwpfa,muf&JU arwåmudk em;vnf csifvdkYyg[k pma&;olu ajymvkdufawmh r,fawmfBuD;onf taMumif;pHk udk &ifzGihfjyavawmhonf/ wynhfawmfr[m om;i,fpOfuyif cifyGef;vif uG,fvGefcJh& ygonf/ om;av;eJY usefcJh&ygonf/ om;av;u udk&if0wfNyD; omoem awmfrSm aysmfoGm;um &[ef;b0a&mufonftxd jzpfygonf/ om;[m omoemawmfrmS aysm&f ifNy;D a&m igb,fvykd aJ e&? ae&qdNk y;D wpfa,muf wnf;ae&ygonf/ wynhfawmfr wpfa,mufxJqdkawmh pD;yGm;a&;vnf; tqif rajyygbl;? trsm;tdrfrSm ulvDvkyfNyD; pm;&ygonf/ t&Sifbk&m;wdkYu narSmif&Doef;csdefusrS <uvmawmh wynhfawmfrvnf; aumuf&dwf tiSm;vkduf&mrS jyefvmcgpyJ &Sdyg ao;w,fbk&m;/ cgwdkif;qdk jyef<urnfh &uf BudKwifodxm;awmh &SmazG xm;&wmaygY/ ,ckawmh jAKef;pm;BuD; a&mufvmawmh wynhfawmfrvnf; t½kPfqGrf;wpfeyf b,fvkduyf& rvJ[k pOf;pm;aecJh&w,f/ aemufawmh tBuw H ck&vmygw,f/ OD;av;v,fxo J mG ;Ny;D pyg; &dwfrnf/ yJawmihfrsm;vnf;cl;rnf/ 'gqdkvQif t½kPfqGrf;wpfeyfawmh uyfEkdifonf/ OD;av;udk reufusrS oGm;ajymrnf/ OD;av;u bmyJajym ajym igcHrnf/ 'Dpyg;twGuf aemufaeYtvkyjf zihf vkyaf y;í ay;qyfrnf [k tBuH&cJhonf/ wu,fawmh OD;av;eJY bmrQ rqufqH csiyf gbl;bk&m;/ OD;av; u csrf ; omw,f / uwf p D ; vnf ; enf ; ygw,f / vl w pf a ,muf u d k oltom&rS aygif;oif;csifwm? aemufNyD; wynhfawmfrwdkY[m wlr qk d a yr,f h qif ; &J a wmh tzuf o d y f r vk y f c sif b l ; ? ol Y t d r f o G m ;&if acs;&atmif? iSm;&atmif tvpf,l&atmif vmw,fyJ xifaeawmh wynhfawmfrvnf; odyfroGm;ygbl;? ,kwfpGtqHk; olYxHrSm aeYcpm;eJY tvkyfvkyfwmawmif igYwlrav; qif;&Jw,fqdkNyD; ydkay;zdkY tomxm; olrsm;aps;eJYawmif enf;NyD;ay;csifwm/ ay;awmhvnf; aeYa&TU? na&TUeJY tvDvDtvmvmay;wwfw,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf; wynhfawmfr[m uif;uif;yJ aeygw,fbk&m;/ 'gayr,fh 'Dwpfcg om;pdwfcsrf;oma&; twGuf BuH&mr&vdkY OD;av;eJY qufqH&rSmygbk&m;/ nu t&Sifbk&m;wdkY usdef;NyDxifí wynhfawmfr OD;av;&JU v,fxJoGm;zdkY qHk;jzwfNyD; tdrfay:u qif;cJhygw,f/ rD;tdrf,loGm;zdkYus awmhvnf; a&eHqDr&SdvdkY ,lroGm;Ekdifygbl;/ t&ifuqdk wpfa,mufxJ rD;ygvnf; roGm;&Jb;l ? 'Dwpfcgawmh aZmaMumihv f m;rodb;l / narSmifBu;D rJBuD;xJ wpfa,mufwnf;oGm;&ayr,fh vHk;0 aMumufpdwfr&Sdbl;bk&m;/

wynhfawmfrwdkY 'Dt&yfu a`rGqdk;awGvnf; aygrsm;ygw,f/ vlqdk;olcdk;awGvnf;rsm;w,f/ wapävnf; ajcmufwwfw,f/ pyg;cif;? yJcif;ESihf v,fuefoif;awGrSmoGm;&ayr,fh bma`rGrSvnf; owdr&bl;/ bmvlqdk; olcdk;rSvnf; owdr&bl;/ bmwapärSvnf; owdr&awmhbl; bk&m;/ a`rGrudkuf wapärajcmuf b,ftaESmuft,SufrS r&Sdwm[m vnf; t&Sifbk&m;wdkY&JU arwåmtmEkabmfaMumihf jzpfrSmygbk&m;/ OD;av;&JU v,fxJa&mufawmh rSnhf0if;aewJh pyg;rsm;udk Mu,fa&mifva&mifav;eJYMunhfNyD; &dwf,l&ygonf/ &dwfNyD;awmh pyg;ESH wpfESHcsif;udk ykqdk;ydkif;av;eJY cHvsuf acR,lcJh&ygonf/ yJoD;ESHrsm;vnf; cl;,lcJh&ygonfbk&m;/ td r f j yef a &muf a wmh pyg;axmif ; p&mqH k B uD ; BuD ; r&S d v d k Y rD;zdak qmifu i½kwq f w kH uf,Nl y;D t&Sib f &k m;wdYk Ed;k rSmpd;k vdYk aemufaz;oGm; NyD; axmif;&ygonf/ i½kwfqHkoH w'kwf'kwfeJY Mum;&vdkY t&Sifbk&m;wdkY Edk;rsm;oGm;avrvm;qdkNyD; tdrfa&SUvmNyD; rMumcP tuJcwf&ao;yg w,f/ yJawmihfrsm;vnf; cGJ&ao;w,f/ t½kPfqGrf;rrDrSm pdk;&drfaerdo jzihf tvkyfwpfzuf tdk;wpfzufeJY cyfoGufoGufcsufae&ygonf/ yJjyKwf eJYuyf&vdkY wynhfawmfrvnf; pdwfraumif;ygbl;bk&m;? t&Sifbk&m;udk vnf; tm;emygw,fbk&m;[k avQmufxm;\/ pma&;ol v nf ; r,f a wmf B uD ; &J U jzpf & yf r S e f M um;&awmh pdwfraumif;jzpfrdygw,f/ tar? tazwdkYom om;orD;rsm;twGufqdk vQif toufudkyif pGefYxm;íBudK;pm;aeMu&Sm\/ rdbwdkY&JU arwåm? apwemudk om;orD;wdYk wefz;kd rxm;wwfMuawmh acwfpm;aewm awGU& awmh rdbeJY om;orD;Mum;rSm &ifemrdygonf/ xdkYtjyif arwåm&Sifrdb rsm;udk cifAsm;BuD;uvdkY a'gormefygpum;jzihf jyefajymwm Mum;&awmh aMomf tyg,foGm;r,fhvlom;awGygvm;vdkY pOf;pm;aerdyg\/ r,fawmfBu;D &,f pdwrf aumif;r&Syd geJ/Y tm;vnf;remygeJ/Y 'Dvdk apwem? arwåm? o'¨geJYBudK;yrf;NyD; vSL'gef;wJhqGrf;wpfeyfukd pm;&vkdY? auseyfrdygw,f/ *kPf,lrdygw,f/ rSwfwrf;wifrdygw,f/ r,fawmfBuD;&JU tjzpftysufudk owd&awmh rdcif&JU apwem? arwåmawGudk trsm;Bu;D ydí k em;vnfryd gw,f/ r,fawmfBu;D &JU pGepYf eG pYf m; pm; BudK;pm;NyD;uyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyfudk t"dyÜg,f&Sd&Sd OD;yÍöif;pm;ygw,f/ vdIufvSJpGmeJY om"kac:rdygw,f/ arwåmvnf; ay;ydkYrdygw,f/ 'geJY r,fawmfBuD;u qif;&Jw,f/ ulvDvkyfpm;&w,fvnf; qdkao;w,f/ om;&[ef;xHusawmh rMumcP aiGydkYaewm od&ygw,f/ b,fvdkrsm; &vdkY ay;ydkYvSL'gef;ae&wmvJ[k pma&;olu qufNyD; ar; vdu k rf o d nf/ rSefvSygbk&m; wynhfawmfru aeYwdkif; aeYwdkif; aeYcpm;eJY ulvDvkyf&ygw,f/ vkyftm;c &vmwJhaiGudk acRwmpm;ygw,f/ acRwm 0wfygw,f/ tdru f v kd nf; t&Sib f &k m;jrifwt hJ wdik ;f jzpfovdk aeygw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 22 ok d Y

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

18

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U 3-ed a &m"opö or® m 'd | d Ó Pf tMuifb0ü pu©Kü wG,fwmaom wPSmavmbonf tNyD; csKyfNidrf;\/ xdkb0rS aemufü pu©Konf wzefjzpfay:jcif;r&Sd? csKyfNidrf; \? pu©K\ 'PfcsufwdkYonf wzefjzpfay:jcif; r&Sd csKyfNidrf;ukef\? aomwç Cmeç Zd0Smç um,ç raemwdkYüvnf; xdkYtwljrifav? þodkY odjrifaom ÓPfonf 'kuN© ird ;f rItrSeu f jkd rifaom or®m'd|Ó d Pfrnf\/ eda&m"opö or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ 4-r*¾ o pö or® m 'd | d Ó Pf tMuiftcg aumif;pGmyGm;rsm; tm;xkwo f jzihf pu©K\ obm0 udk aumif;pGmjrif\? pu©K\ 'PfcsufwdkYudk aumif;pGmjrif\? xdktcgü pu©Kü wG,fwmaom wPSmavmbonf csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkY a&muf\? aoonfrS aemufü pu©Konf csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkY a&muf\/ pu©K\ 'PfcsufwdkYonf csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkY a&mufukef\/ aomwç Cmeç Zd0Smç um,ç raemwdkYüvnf; xdkYtwljrifav/ þodkY 'ku©\ Nidrf;aMumif; aumif;pGm yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&ef vrf;rSefudk odjrifaom ÓPfonf 'ku© \ Nidrf;jcif;odkY aygufa&mufaMumif;jzpfaom y#dywfvrf;rSefudkjrifaom or®m'd|dÓPfrnf\/ r*¾opö or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ pwkopö or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ r*¾ i f & S p f y g;t&mü þpwk o pö o r® m 'd | d o nf vdk&if;jzpfownf;/ ur®ówuwm or®m'd|dç 'o0w¬Ku or®m'd|dç pwkopöor®m'd|d 3 yg;udk jyqdkcPf;NyD;NyD/ or® m ouF y Ü ed a '´ o or® m ouF y Ü 3 yg; aeu©rouFyÜç tAsmyg'ouFyÜç t0d[d H omouFyÜç [laom or®m ouFyÜoHk;yg;wdkYwGif (1) aeu©rouFyÜqdkonfum; aumif;aomtqif;ç aumif;aom toHç aumif;aomteH?Y aumif;aomt&omç aumif;aom txdtawGU rsKd;[laom umr*kPfig;yg;wdkYü¤if;? cE¨mig;yg;? ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYü¤if;? wyfjcif;wG,w f mjcif; pGv J ef;jcif;wdu Yk kd y,fpeG EYf ikd af om tavmb w&m;

The Exposition of Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths means: (1) Understanding of the real suffering.

(2) Understanding of the true cause of suffering.

(3) Understanding of the cessation of suffering.

(4) Understanding of the right path leading to the cessation of suffering.

(This is only a brief explanation of the Four Noble Truths.

For a detailed explanation see the author's "Catusacca-D1- pan1- " and its English translation in the Light of the Dhamma, Vol. V. No. 4 and Vol. VI. No. 1.

Right Understanding of the Truth About Suffering The Horrors. The Eye of human-beings, gods and brahma-s immensely oppresses and harasses those who are attached to it; so it is most frightful ans is the real suffering. In the same way, Ear, Nose, Tongue, Body and Mind to which humanbeings, god and brahma-s are attached greatly oppress and harass them. They too are most frightful and are the real suffering.

Mode of oppression: Of these six, the Eye oppresses . through san kha-ra (kamma activities), viparin.a-ma (instability), and dukkha (ill of suffering). In another way, it oppresses though . san kha-ra (kamma activities),santa-pa (buring), and viparin.a-ma (instability). In another way also, it oppresses through ja-ti (rebirth), ja-ti (old age) and maran.a (death).

Or, it oppresses or harasses by developing the fires of passion, hatred, delusion, conceit, wrong view, meantal defilements and a-savas (mental impurities), by developing the evil conduct such as taking life, etc..,and by generating the fires of rebirth, old age, sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and despair.

Oppression Through Kamma actvities Possession of the eye of man, god or brahma- is produced by good deeds done in the past life, without which only the eye of hell-being, animal, ghost or demon would come into being instead. Thus the eye of a higher being oppresses t hat being through the good kamma- activities which create the eye.

And these same kamma- activities which vreate the eye. And these same kamma- activities oppress him in the next existence,

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

19

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. onf&Sd\? xdktavmbw&m;ESihf,SOfaom tBuHtpnfrsKd;onf aeu©r ouFyÜrnf\/ (3) vlç wd&pämef tp&Sad om cyford ;f aom owå0gwdüYk aumif;usK;d csr;f omudk vdv k m;aom arwåmw&m;onf &S\ d / xdak rwåmw&m; ESi, fh OS f aom tBuHtpnfrsKd;onf tAsmyg'ouFyÜrnf\/ (4) cyfodrf;aom 'kud©w owå0gwdkYudk oem;n§mwmwwfaom u½kPmw&m;onf&Sd\? xdku½kPmw&m;ESihf,SOfaom tBuHtpnfrsKd; onf t0d[d HomouFyÜrnf\/ or®mouFyÜ 3 yg;NyD;\/ or® m 0gpm ed a '´ o or® m 0gpm 4 yg; rk o m0g' 0d & wd ç yd o k P 0gpm0d & wd ç z½k o 0gpm 0d & wd ç or®yÜvmy0d&wd [laom or®m0gpm 4 yg;wdkYwGif (1) rkom0g'0d&wD qdo k nfum; r[kwo f nfukd t[kw[ f í l ,lrw S f atmif ajymqdkjcif;? [kwfonfudk r[kwf[k ,lrSwfatmif ajymqdkjcif; onf rkom0g' rnf\/ xdrk o k m0g' vGwu f if;atmif MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf rkom0g'0d&wdrnf\/ (2) ydoP k 0gpm 0d&wDqo kd nfum; tcsi;f csi;f ,HMk unfav;jrwfí aeMuukefaom 2 OD;aom olwkdYudk t,HktMunf tav;tjrwfysuf atmif ajymqdkjcif;? pdwf0rf;uGJjym;atmif ajymqdkjcif;? 2OD;aom olwdkY \ tMum;ü *Hk;wdkufjcif;onf ydokP0gpm rnf\/ xdk ydokP0gpmrS MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf ydokP0gpm0d&wDrnf\/ (3) z½ko0gpm 0d&wDqdkonfum; qJa&;vdkaom a'gopdwfjzihf? olwpfyg;tm; trsKd;udk xdcdkufatmifqdkjcif;? tEG,fudkxdcdkufatmif qdkjcif;? o@efudk xdcdkufatmifqdkjcif;? tvkyftudkifudk xdcdkufatmif qdkjcif; tp&SdonfwdkYonf z½ko0gpmrnf\/ xdkz½ko0gpmrS MuOfa&Smif jcif;onf z½ko0gpm 0d&wDrnf\/ (4) avmuüqef;Mu,fpGm vkyfudkifí xm;Muukefaom &mrZmwf 0w¬K? tDaemifZmwf0w¬K? aiGawmifZmwf0w¬K? bm&wZmwf0w¬K tp&Sd ukefaom '@m&D 0w¬KwdkYonf &Sdukef\/ xdkZmwf0w¬KwdkYü Mum;emaom olwdkYtm; tvdrfrm wdk;yGm;&ef tw¬ESihf pyf,SOfaom pum;ç "r®ESihfpyf

because he has to protect and sustain them so that he will not lose them. Thus, the eye of the higher being oppresses that being through the kamma- activities which porduce suffering. Then the eye of the higher being perpetually oppresses that being.

Because the eye of the higher being does not arise independently of he kamma- activities, it is said that the kamma- activities invariable oppress the possessor throughout the beginningless round of rebirths: Oppression Through Instability "Oppression through Instability" means " oppression by liability to immediate destruction whenever there is a cause for destruction." From the time of conception, there is not a single moment– even to the extent of a wink of a eye or a flash of lightning– when there is no liability to destruction. And there is always the anxiety caused by impending destruction. When actual destruction comes, manifold is the suffering that is experienced. Thus the eye of the higher being oppresses him through instability.

Oppression Through Ill of Suffering Ill of suffering means physical and mental pain. The pain experienced during the period of coming into being of the Eye of hell-being, ghost or demon is plainly evident. When there is the feeling of unpleasantness in coming into contact with the unpleasant object or when one inflicts bodily pain out of bad feeling, there is oppression through ill of suffering. When the Eye contracts some disese or whenever there is physical or meantal trouble in the preservation and portection of the eye, one is oppressed by the ill of suffering. Thus the Eye oppresses the beings through the ill of suffering.

Oppression Through Buring Thus the Eye, which gives so much pain to the beings and which is a source of suffering, is an alarming factor for one who has to wander through the beginningless round of rebirths because of that eye. So, it is the real source of suffering. Ear, Nose, Tongue, Body and Mind are to be regraded likewise.

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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

,SOfaom pum;ç 0de,ESihf pyf,SOfaom pum;[lí rygr&Sd? oufouf tm;jzihf pdwfaysmfarGUzG,fwdkYudk vkyfBuHí xm;aom pum;rsKd;om yg&Sd \/ tw¬ESihf pyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;qdkonfum; touf&Snfjcif;? temuif;jcif;? "r®d,v'¨jzpfaom pnf;pdrfcsrf;omwdkYudk &Ekdifjcif;? tp&Sd aom ypöKyÜeftusKd;? aemufb0wdkYü vlYcsrf;omudk &jcif;tp&Sdaom aumif;usKd;csrf;omrsKd;udk jyqdkaom pum;rsKd;wnf;/ "r®EiS pfh yf,OS af om pum;rsK;d qdo k nfum; xdt k usK;d wdu Yk kd &&m& aMumif;jzpfaom enf;vrf; Oya'o pum;rsKd;wnf;/ 0de,ESifh pyf,OS af om pum;rsK;d qdo k nfum; vlu Y si0fh wfw&m; &Sihfusihf0wfw&m;wdkYESihf pyf,SOfaompum;rsKd;ç avmbudk ajzazsmuf&ef w&m;rsKd;ç a'goudk ajzazsmuf&ef w&m;rsKd; ponfwnf;/ þtwå? "r®? 0de,wdEYk iS pfh yf,OS af om pum;rsK;d wdo Yk nf xdZk mwf 0w¬KwdkYü ryg&Sdukef? xdkodkYaom '@m&DZmwf0w¬Krsm;udk olwpfyg;wdkYtm; ajyma[mjcif ; onf oræ y Ü v myrnf \ / xd k o ræ y Ü v my pum;rsKd ; rS vGwfuif;atmif MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf oræyÜvmy0d&wDrnf\/ 32 yg;aom wd&pämeuxm pum;rsKd;onfvnf; oræyÜvmy omrnrnf\/ tw¬ç "r®ç 0de,wdkYü tvdrfrm yGm;pD;jcif;udk tvdk&Sdukef aom olwdkYonf xdk 32 yg;aom wd&pämeuxm pum;rsKd;wkdYESihf tcsdef em&D ukejf cif;udk a0;pGma&SmifMuOfMuuke&f m\/ oxrbm0em? 0dyóem bm0em tvkyfrsm;udk wnfaxmifMuukefaom olwdkYonfrlum; tw¬ç "r®ç 0de,ESihfpyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;wdkYudkaomfvnf; twdkif;t&Snfodí ajymqdkMuukef&m\/ or®m0gpm 4 yg;NyD;\/ or®mur®EÅ eda'´o or®mur®EÅ 3 yg; ygPmwdygw0d&wD? t'dEém'ge0d&wD? umarokrdpämpm& 0d&wd[laom or®mur®EÅ oHk;yg;wdkYwGif (1) ygPmwdygw 0d&wDqdkonfum;? udk,f0efudk zsufqD;jcif;? oef;O? Murf;ydk;Oudk zsufqD;jcif;wdkYrS pí touf&Sdaom owå0gwdkYudk aoaysmufysuq f ;kH apvdak om pdwjf zihf aoaysmufysuq f ;kH &ef ud, k yhf a,m *? EIwfya,m*jyKjcif;onf ygPmwdygwrnf\/ xdkygPmwdygwrS MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf ygPmwdygw0d&wdrnf\/ (2) t'dEém'ge 0d&wD qdkonfum; jruf? xZf;? a&wdkYrSpí olwpfyg;\ Opöm[lí odrf;ydkufqJjzpfaom ouf&SdoufrJh 0w¬Kudk Opöm &Sif rjrifrodatmif cdk;,lvdkaom pdwfjzihfcdk;,ljcif;? udk,fya,m*? EIwf ya,m*udk jyKjcif;onf t'dEég'gernf\/ xdkt'dEém'gerS MuOfa&Smifjcif; onf t'dEém'ge0d&wDrnf\/ (3) umarokrdpämpm&0d&wDqdkonfum; trdapmihfaom rdef;r? tbapmih f a om rd e f ; rwd k Y r S pírvG e f u sL;xd k u f a om rd e f ; rwd k Y ü vGefusL;aom a,musfm;\ vGefusL;rIonf¤if;? vif&Sdvsuf rdrdvifrS wpfyg;aom rvGefusL;xdkufaom a,musfm;ESihf vGefusL;aom rdef;r\ vGefusL;rIonfum; umarokrdpämpm&rnf\/ ,pfrsKd;ig;yg; aomufpm;rIudk¤if;? zJ? yqpf? a<uteftp&Sd aom upm;rIrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? umarokrdpämpm&ü xdkumarokrdpäm pm&rS MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf umarokrdpämpm&0d&wDrnf\/ or® m tmZD 0 ed a '´ o or® m tmZD 0 4 yg; 'kpö&dwrdpämZD00d&wD? taeoe rdpämZD00d&wD? uk[em'drdpäm ZD00d&wD? wd&päme0dZÆmrdpämZD00d&wD[laom or®mtmZD0 4 yg;wdkYwGif

Thus the knowledge that enables one to see and understand the immense suffering and the characteristics in any of the three spheres of beings (i.e., the Sensuous sphere. Form sphere and Formless sphere) such as the eye, etc.. is the samma-dit.t.hin-a-n.a, the knowledge of the right understanding.)

Right Understanding of the Truth About the Cause of Suffering Throughout the round of rebirths, as long as there is attachment to the eye as "It is mine, it is my Self," so long its continuity and its oppression throughout the existences in the round of rebirths, be maintained. Therefore, the craving and greed that is atta-- the eye is the true cause of the development suffering. Ear, Nose, Tongue, Body and Mind are to be regraded likewise.

This knowledge which see and understand true cause of suffering is samma-dit.t.hin-a-n.a, the knowledge of the right understanding of the suffering.

(1) 'kpö&dwrdpämZD00d&wDqdkonfum; ygPmwdygw tp&Sdaom um,'kp½dkuf oHk;yg;? rkom0g' tp&Sdaom 0pD'kp½dkufav;yg;wdkYwGif wyg;yg;aom 'kp½dkufrIESihf ypönf;Opöm&SmBuHí toufarG;jcif;onf 'kp&ö w d rdpmä ZD0rnf\/ ra&mif;tyfuek af om ukerf sK;d ig;yg;wdu Yk kd a&mif;cs í toufarG;jcif;udkvnf; þrdpämZD0ü oN*ØK[fa&wGuftyf\/ xdk'kpö&d w rdpämZD0rS MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf 'kpö&dwrdpämZD00d&wdrnf\/ (2) vlwdkYtm; opfoD;ay;jcif;? yef;ay;jcif;paom 21 yg;aom taeoerIwdkYjzihf ypönf;vmbfvmbudkjzpfapí &aoh&[ef;wdkY\ toufarG;rIonf taeoe rdpämZD0rnf\/ xdkrdpämZD0rS MuOfa&SmifrI onf taeoe rdpämZD00d&wDrnf\/ (3) uk[em'd rdpäZD0 0d&wDqdkonfum; uk[eç vye? edrdwå? edayÜ oe? vmabevmb edZD*Doe [lí rdpämZD00w¬Kig;yg; &Sd\/ (u) uk[eqdo k nfum; tHzh , G o f &Jjzpfatmif vkyBf upH Of;vJrw I nf;? oDvr&SdbJvsuf oDv&Sdonf[k xifrSwf&atmif [efaqmifjcif; tp&Sd onfjzihf rdrdür&Sdaom tHhbG,fol&J xl;uJvGefjrwfaom *kPfwdkYudk rdrdü &Sdonf[k xifrSwf&atmif BuHaqmif pOf;vJí vmbfvmbudk jzpfaprI qdv k o dk nf/ (c) vyeqdkonfum; ypönf;vmbfvmbESihf pyfvsOf;ítajym tqdk &J&ihfjcif;wnf;/ (*) edrdwåqdkonfum; rdrdtm; ypönf;0w¬K vSL'gef;ap&ef t&dyf edrdwfudkjyjcif;wnf;/ (C) edayÜoe qko d nfum; rvSLbJ raeomatmif pum;jzihf Buw d f jcif;ESdyfjcif;wnf;/ (i) vmabe vmb edZD*Doe qdkonfum; wpftdrfü wrwfwef &NyD;aom vmbfudk wpftdrfü ay;í xdktdrfrS wusyfwefvmbfudk &atmifjyKjyifjcif;wnf;/ þig;yg;aom rdpmä Zd0rIwrYkd S MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf uk[em'd rdpmä ZD00d&wdrnf\/ (4) t*F0dZÆm twwfç vu©P0dZÆm twwftp&Sdaom avmuD twwfrsKd;onf &[ef;wdkY\ y#dywdå"r®ESihf zDvm uefYvefY qefYusifbuf rsKd;jzpfí wd&päme0dZÆmrnf\/ xdktwwfynmjzihf t*Fgvu©Pm ponf wdu Yk kd Munh½f í I tusK;d tjypfukd a[mMum;vsuf toufarG;rIonf &aoh &[ef;wdkYrSm wd&päme0dZÆmrdpämZD0rnf\/ xdkrdpämZD0rS MuOfa&SmifrIonf wd&päme 0dZÆmrdpämZD0 0d&wDrnf\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) xdkowå0gwdkY acR;odyfí arS;rSdwfaecsdefwGifum; xdkrodrIonf w&m;cH o nf rod r I owå0gwdkYudk vrf;rSm;odkY wGef;ydkYawmh\/ xdkraumif;usihfjzihf toufarG;&mürodrI\ vrf;rSm;odkY wGef;ydkYcHMu&aom owå0gwdkYcrsm rodrIaMumihfjzpfaom rSm;,Gif;aom tjrifwdkYudk ajcukyf,lí -raumif; taumif;xif? BudKufpdwf\ iSifjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? (u) BudKufvQifum; cspf? ESpfoufpdwf 0ifjcif;/ - raumif; raumif;xif? rBudKufpdwf\ zsifjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? (c) rBudKufvQifum; rkef;? vHk;vHk;pufqkyfoGm;awmhjcif;/ -taumif; raumif;xif? rodpdwf\ xGifjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf tbdZÑmAsmyg'ESpfrsKd; udavomtvdkqdk;wdkYjzihf xdkowå0gwdkY qdk;csifwdkif;qdk; wdk;csifwdkif; wdk;vsufu 'kp&dkuf vGefusL;ae&jcif;yif/ q,frsKd;wdkYudk xrf;ydk;xrf;ae&jcif;yifwnf;/ xdk BudKufpdwf rBudKufpdwfwdkYonfum; tm½HkcHpm;cGihf&&mwdkif; xdkowå0gwdkYum; udk,fhzdkYxif ydkufvsufu ¤if;wdkY tvdkus ü rdr\ d cE¨mwGi;f &Sd yx0Dpaom "mwfct H m;rsm;odYk vdu k v f suu f tu,f vdkufae&jcif;wnf;/ wdwd jyifyrSae oGif;ydkYvdkufaom 0w¬Ktm½HkwdkYu xdktwGif; "mwfcHtm; 0ef x rf ; om;rsm; r0if & rsm;ESihf oabmcsif; wlnDaeaomf twGif;"mwfcHtm;wdkYu vufoihfcH ed,smedac: oHo&mvGwaf jrmufa&;orm; 0efxrf;om;wdo Yk nf xm;vdkufjcif;/ tu,fwdwd oabmcsif;rwlí twGif;"mwfcHtm;wdkYu um; y,fvSefvdkufawmhjcif;/ þ'kp½dkuf 'k&mZD0w&m; q,fyg;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? ,if;oabmxm; toGm;ESpfyg;udk tvsOf;rodav&Smaom ¤if;wdkYjzihf &SmrSD;í &tyfaom 0w¬Ktm½HkwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? owå0gwdik ;f udk tbdZÑmac: BuKd upf w d o f nf ae&m0if,u l m twGi;f "mwf rdrdwdkY\ udk,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;vHk;wdkYüyif tuyfem;cGihfr&MuavbJ ESihf tjyif"mwfwdkY "mwfcsif; oabmcsif;rQí qufqHMuygonfudk rdrdwdkY\ qdkif&mwHcg;? owdvQif tapmihfcsxm;vsufu tm½Hk olYaMumihf &avonfhES,f owå0gwdkYudk jc,fvS,fí xdawGU&mrS uJ udkum; 0ifcGihfxm;? rqdkif&m 'kp½dkufpdwfwdkYudkum; jrpfwm;um wm;qD; tpGJay:ap\/ okwfoif Muukef&m\/ Asmyg' ac: rBudKufpdwfuvnf; twGif;"mwfESihf tjyif"mwf td.k ..0efxrf; roihfjrwfMuojzihf twGif;u cGihfrjyKonfudk olYaMumihfomysuf rquf oifum; bk&m;om;awmfyif r[kwfavm? awmhovdk pdk;rdk;xm;acs\/ jy,f&mrSuJ rBudKufpGJay:ap\/ oifum; t&d,mBuD;rsm;\ nDcspfyif r[kwfavm? qmavmifaeoltm; Adu k u f kd vufnK§d ;xd;k vsuu f vnf;aumif;? xdk oifonf 0tDomG ;oltm; Adu k u f kd ykwjf yvsuu f vnf;aumif;? ,if;wd\ Yk jc,fv, S f txuf w ef ; pm; bk & m;&S i f E S i h f t&d , mwd k Y \ wynh f o m; rIo½kyf xkwfjyvsufuyif r[kwfavm/ onfhtwl "mwfav;yg;wdkY nDrQ aumif;yDyD atmufwef;oGm;tjzpf ydv Yk w T af wmhrnfh xd'k pk ½du k pf cef;rsm;odYk í aoG;om;qlNzdK;aeol? t&G,fa&mufí vlvm;ajrmufvmaeol? r0ifoihaf wmhygNy/D tm;udk;&Sd tm;udk;rJh jzpfaeMuol ponfwdkYüvnf; xdkBudKufrkef;ESpfrsKd;wdkY b0rS vGwfajrmufvdkol... onf rodrIudk tumtuG,f,lum owå0gwdkYtm; i,fEkdifudkifvsufu b00#fa<u; uif;a0;aprSom vGwfayguf&Ekdif\/ pd;k rd;k jc,fv, S af eMuyHu k m; ajymrukef BuKH ow l ikd ;f xdvsuu f om xl;qef; yrm...ol w pf y g;xH r S a<u;NrD t cpm;rsm; &,l v suf u aeonfrSm pdwfodkY tBudKufuyfcsdef0,f rkef;pdwfonf tvdkufodpGm toufarG;ausmif;rI jyK&avolonf a&Smifay;wwfNy;D tu,fww d d pdwo f rYkd BuKd u0f ifaecsed w f iG v f nf; csppf w d f xdka<u;NrDrsm; ruif;&Sif;rcsif; u jyifyxGufay;wwfjcif;yif/ xdkolYtwGuf tvkyfta<u;jyKvsufu xdkolYvufrS rxGuf& pifppfaomfum;... bdoYkd cE¨m&Sd oabmESihf obm0wdkY\ taMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? xd k Y t wl v Qif rod p d w f ? Bud K uf rBud K uf p d w f r sm;jzih f jyify&Sd 0w¬Ktm½HkwdkY\ Zmpfjrpfudkvnf;aumif;? tvsOf;rod&SmMuao; NcH&Hvsuf&Sdaom tukokdvf 'kp½dkufw&m;rsm;\ tjc,ftvS,fjzihf aom owå0gwdkYtay:0,f rodrIonf trSm;odrdpäm 'd|dÓPfjzihf arS; &ifqdkifawGUcGihf&? tm½Hkwdkif;wdkYü rSdefap\/ rodBudKuf BudKufvsufu aysmfyg;zsufqD;rdjcif;?

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

rodrdkuf? rdkufvsufu apmfum;zsufqD;rdjcif;? xdkESpfyg; wpfyg;yg;jzihf vGefusL;rdaeonfcsnf;jzpf&m rdrd apwem\ tjyif;taysmo h v Ykd u kd í f vnf; 'Pfa<u;rsm; wif&adS ewwfvS acs\/ olwpfzufom; um,uH&Sifrsm;\ cspfNidK; rkef;NidK;ESpfyg; tpGJ w&m;rsm;\ tjyif;taysmv h u kd í f rlvnf; 'Pfoihaf <u;rsm; wif&adS ewwf vSacs\/ xdkodkY a<u;NrDrsm; wif&Sdae&mü.... rdrdonf rodonfhtavsmuf udk,fEIwf ESvHk; oHk;yg;vHk;wdkYjzihf olwpfzufodkY 'kp½dkufrIwpfckckudk jyKrdtHh..... rodjypfonfum;- a<u;NrDwpfckwnf;? rodajymonfum;-a<u;NrDwpfckwnf;? rodvkyfonfum;-a<u;NrDwpfckwnf;/ odkYjzihf xdkwpfrIüyif oHk;rsKd;a<u;wifrnfjzpf\/ xdkpOf... rodrIt& wpfaeYwpfb0 wpfurÇm tvSnhfus&mwGif rdrdonf vnf; xdu k o hJ yYkd if olwpfyg;wdu Yk rodonft h avsmuf rodpw d jf zihyf if tzsuq f ;D cH&rnfom/ rodajym ajymrd&m rodvkyf vkyfrdav&mwdkYüvnf; rdrdjyKcJhzl; onfhtwdkif; EIwfxGufvGefusL;rIrsm;? udk,fxdvufa&muf vGefusL;rIrsm;? rkcs cH&awmhrnfom/ onhftwl BudKufrdNyDtavsmuf olwpfyg;odkY oGm;a&mufvGef usL;rdaomf BuKd upf w d jf zihyf if rdro d v Ykd nf; wHv Yk n S w fh pfzef jyefvnfc&H awmh rnfom/ rke;f rdNyt D avsmuf olwpfyg;odYk oGm;a&mufveG u f sL;rdaomf rdro d Ykd

vnf; xdkrkef;pdwfBuD;jzihfyif wpfzefjyefí xdk;ESufcH&awmhrnfom/ xdk rod? BudKuf? rkef; oHk;rsKd;wkdYüyif wpfrsKd; wpfrsKd;0,f rdrdu BuHpnf½HkrQqdk rdrdodkYvnf; tBuHcH&rnf? rdrdu ajymrd qdkrd½HkrQ tajymtqdk txdcH&rnf? rdrdu ukd,fxdvufa&muf jzpfcJhygrl udk,fxdcH&rnfom/ pifppf xdk cH&jcif;rsm;onf....

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DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ um&}} aMumihfvdkY okH;oyf&wmyg/ tu,fí (a,med a om reoD u m&) rS e f u ef w J h ES v k H ; oG i f ; eJ Y Munh f j rif o k H ; oyf r ,f q k d y g&if a'gopdwfjzpfp&mrvkdygbl;/ 'Dpmtkyf igxm; wmae&mr[kwfvkdY ae&mrSm;aevdkY olajymif; xm;vk d u f w mjzpf r S m yg/ ol x m;wJ h a e&mu igxm;wJhae&meJYpm&if ydkNyD;vkHNcKHw,f? ykdNyD; pnf;urf;usw,f? ykdNyD; pepf&Sdw,f ponf tm;jzihf (a,medaomreoDum&) eJY ESv;Hk oGi;f Munh f r ,f q k d & if ES v k H ; oG i f ; rI r S e f u ef v d k Y a'gopdwfjzpfp&mrvdkawmhygbl;/ t&m&mrSm (a,medaomreoDum&) rSefuefwJhESvkH;oGif; rI[m a'gojzpfp&mawGukd rMunhfwwfovdk a'gopdwu f v dk nf; acszsuaf y;Ekid pf rG ;f &Syd gw,f/ 'gaMumihf taMumif;t&mtrsKd;rsKd;ukdvkdufNyD; MunhfjrifokH;oyfwJhae&mrSm a,medaomreoD um&jzpfaezkYd txl;*½kpkdufMu&ygr,f/ vl o m;wd k i f ; i,f & G , f p Of u wnf ; u a'gopdwfukdxdef;&if touft&G,fBuD; vmwJ h t cg a'goenf ; NyD ; El ; nH h o d r f a rG U wJ h vlBuD;vlaumif;awGjzpfvmMurSmyg/ a'goenf;awmh aomuenf;r,f/ aomu enf ; awmh yl y ef q if ; &J r I v nf ; enf ; yg; oG m ;rS m yg/ yk x k Z Of y k * ¾ K d v f w d k i f ; [m a'go jzpfp&mtaMumif;wpfckckeJY BuKH&wJhtcgrSm a'gojzpf r ,f / 'D t cgrS m owd xm;NyD ; iga'gojzpf a eygvm;vd k Y od a y;vd k u f N yD ; tJ'DtodwpfvkH;eJY a'gopdwfukd ajzazsmuf vk d u f y g/ rD ; uk d a&uEk d i f o vd k jzpf a ewJ h a'go pd w f u k d v nf ; owd e J Y t od u Ek d i f y g w,f/ a'goukd ukd,fuEkdifatmifrvkyf&if a'go u ukd,fhukd EkdifoGm;vdrfhr,f/ 'Dvkd a'gopdwfu ukd,fhukdEkdifoGm;NyD qkd&ifawmh a&SUqufjzpfay:vmrJh tusKd;quf awGudk ukd,fyJxyfcH&awmhrSmyg/ 'Dawmh a'go aMumifh aomujzpf&wmygvm;vdkY odcJhayrJh 'Dtod[m aemufusrSodwJhtodrdkY odyfawmh raumif;bl;vdkY xifrdygw,f/ BuKdwifNyD; od? owdeJYaeMuzkdYygyJ/ wpfcga'gaomtw¦ H eZmemwd ? a'gaom"r® H eyówd / tE¨ w rH w'ga[mwd ? wHa'gaom o[awe&H vdkY bk&m; a[mxm;wmaMumihf a'gopd w f [ m rd r d u k d vnf; ysufpD;apEkdifovdk olwpfyg;ukdvnf; ysuf p D ; apwwf w ,f / 'D a wmh uk d , f v nf ; rysuq f ;D atmif olwpfyg;vnf; rysupf ;D atmif?

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25

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

Oykofapmifhxdef;jcif; vu© P (aysmf b G , f )

Ak'¨bmom0ifvlrsdK;wkdif; 0gwGif;0gy (8) &uf? (15) &ufaeYrsm;rSm OykofoDv aqmufwnfMuygw,f/ 'Djyif oBueF v f t kd cgBu;D &ufBuD;awGrSmvnf; OykofoDvcH,l aqmuf wnfMuygw,f/ ]]Oyko}f } qdw k m Oaygoxqdw k hJ ygVda0g[m& pum;vHk;yg/ Oaygoxudkyk'fcGJ&if Oy_0oxyg/ Oy= ol Y t ouf r owf j cif ; ? npmrpm;jcif; paom tusihfoDvESihfjynhfpHkí?

0ox= aexkdifaqmufwnfjcif;vdkY t"dyÜm,f &ygw,f/ Oyk o f o k H ; rsKd ; Oykou f (1) a*gygvokw?f (2) ed*@ Oyko?f (3) t&d,mOyko&f ,fvYkd oH;k rsKd ;&Syd gw,f/ a*gygvOyk o f oD v cH , l a qmuf w nf N yD ; wmeJ Y aumif;jrwfwhb J &k m;*kPçf w&m;*kPçf oHCm*kPf awmfawGukd ratmufarhrqifjcif? w&m;bm0em ryGm;? pm;0wfaea&;twGuyf g BupH nfatmufarh awG;awmaewmrdsK;udk qdkygw,f/ ed * @Oyk o f wdwBd¬ u;D awG aqmufwnfwOhJ ykorf sKd ; yg/ wdw¬dawGqdkwmu cE¨mudk,fay:rSm bm t0wftpm;rS 0wfrxm;wJo h al wGyg/ wdwad¬ wG aqmufwnfwhJ Oykorf sKd ;u rdik w f pf&mtwGi;f rSm &SdwJh owå0gudkom owfygrnfqdkwJh OykofrsdK;

jzpfygw,f/ t&d , mOyk o f oDvcH,laqmufwnfNyD; rdrdwdkY&JU uH (3) yg;vHk;udk npfnrf;apaom tukodkvfpdwf awG rjzpfapbJç bk&m;*kPfç w&m;*kPfç oHCm *kPfawGudk yGm;rsm;qifjcif? tedpötp&SdwJh vu©Pm,mOf 3-yg;udv k nf; atmufarhymG ;rsm; qifjcifaexdkifusihfoHk;wJh OykofrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ wpfzef yuwd OykofaeY? y#dZm*& OykofaeY? yg#d[m&d,yu©OykofaeYqdkNyd; Oykof 3-rsdK; &Sdygao;w,f/ yuwdOykofaeYqdkwmu yÍörD (5) &uf? t|rD (8) &uf? pmwk'´oD (14) &uf? yEé&oD (15) &ufaeY OykofaeYrSm apmifh xde;f wJOh ykorf sKd ;jzpfNy;D vqef;ç vqkwf (4) &uf pDtm;jzihf wpfvudk (8) &uf Oykorf sKd ;udk yuwd Oykov f q Ykd ykd gw,f/ 'Dvkd wpfv&Spo f w D if;Oykof aqmufwnfwhJ Oykoo f nfrsm;twGuf rEÅav; NrKd U ayyifq&mawmfBu;D u 'Dvv kd uFmaqmify'k f av; pyfqdkxm;ygw,f/ ]]taph t yg;? 5 &uf x m;? (8) um; azmf o [m/ q,f h a v;om;&if ; ? q,h f i g;csif ; ? ewf r if ; ud k , f w d k i f v m/ wpf v &S p f o D w if ; ? ewf w d k Y q if ; ? pm&if ; ,l M u&S m ..wJ h /

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t"dyÜm,fu vqef;? vqkwf (5) &uf a eY a wG r S m pwk r [m&mZf e wf r if ; BuD ; &J U tap tyg;ewfawGu pm&if;vmNyD;,lygw,f/ (8) &ufaeYrSm pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;BuD;&JU rdwfaqG ewfawGuvmNyD; pm&if;,lygw,f/ (14) &uf aeYawGrSm pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;BuD; udk,fwdkif vma&mufpm&if;,lygw,f/ 'Dvdk pm&if;awGvmNyD;,lwJhtwGufaMumihf Oykof aqmuf w nf M uwJ h y k * ¾ d K vf r sm;[m rd r d w d k Y aqmuf w nf x m;wJ h Oyk o f o nf pif M u,f oavm¿ rpifMu,foavm¿ qdkwmudk aemif wpf c sd e f r S m jiif ; qef r &bJ ud k , f j yKxm;wJ h uHtwkdif;om cHpm;? pHpm;Mu&rnfqdkwmudk azmfjyygaqmifyk'fvuFmav;u owday;qHk;r xm;wmyg/ 'Dvkd yuwdOykoaf eYukd tBuKd tydjYk yK vkyfNyD; OykofoDvapmifhxdef;aom aeYonf ]]y#dZm*& Oykof}} vdkYqdkygw,f/ tBuKd tydjYk yKvyk yf u kH (5) &ufaeYOykof udk BudK&if (4) &ufaeY? ydk&if (6) &ufaeY? (8) &ufaeYOykofudkBudK&if (7) &ufaeY? ydk&if (9) &ufaeY? (14) &ufaeYOykofudkBudK&if (13) &uf aeY? tydkr&Sdygbl;/ (15) &ufaeYOykofu tBudK r&Sdygbl;/ ydk&if (1) &ufaeYygyJ/ onfvdk tBudK tydk vqef;vjynhfausmf (6) &ufaeYqdkvQif wpfvudk (12) &uf[m ]]y#dZm*&}} Oykojf zpfyg w,f/ yg#d [ m&d , yu© O yk o f q d k w mu 0gwGi;f (3) v? oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eY ESihf wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfaeYtMum; wpfv? oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf usmf (1) &ufaeYrS vuG,f aeYtxd wpfyu©ukd ]]yg#d[m&d,yu©Oyko}f } vdYk qdyk gw,f/ Oyk o f a qmuf w nf & mwG i f Oykoaf qmufwnfusio fh ;kH Muukeaf om Ak'b ¨ mom0ifoal wmfpifrsm;taeeJY oHCmawmf t&Sifjrwfrsm;udk tdrfwGifyihfí oDv,lonf jzpfap? ausmif;xGufíjzpfap? &yfuGuf&Sd "r®m ½HkoGm;íjzpfap? tdrf&Sdbk&m;pifa&SUrSm oDvcH,l Ny;D Oykoaf qmufwnfonfjzpfap rdrw d aYkd qmuf wnfusio fh ;kH aom Oykoo f w D if;oDvudk aumif; aumif;rGefrGef pifpifMu,fMu,f aqmufwnf usio fh ;kH oihv f yS gw,f/ Oyk o f a qmuf w nf u sd K ; jrwf p G m bk & m;uvnf ; ]]£ZÑwd bd u © a 0 oD v 0awm apawm yPD " d ?

0dok'¨wåm- vdkY a[mrdefYxm;ygw,f/ ]]&[ef; wd k Y oD v ES i f h jynf h p H k w J h y k * ¾ d K vf [ m t"d | mef ajrmuf í pd w f t BuH a yguf u m vd k & m&Ed k i f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

28

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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pmrsuf E S m 16 rS 1/ a[wkypöa,mwda[wl a[wk orÜ,kwåumeH "r®meH wHork|memeÍö ½lygeH a[wk ypöa,e ypöa,m/ 2/ tm&r®P ypöa,mwd ½lyg,weH pu©K0dnmP"mwk,m? wHorÜ,kwåum eÍö "r®meH? tm&r®P ypöa,e ypöa,m/ o'´g,weH aomwm0dnmP "mwk,m? wHorÜ,kwåumeÍö "r®meH? tm&rÁP ypöa,e ypöa,m/ *E¨m,weH Cme 0dnmP "mwk,m? wHorÜ,kwåumeÍö "r®m eH? tm&r®P ypöa,e ypöa,m/ &om,weH ZD0Sm 0dnmP "mwk,m? wHorÜ,kwåumeÍö "r®meH? tm&r®P ypöa,e ypöa,m/ azm|AÁm,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m? wHorÜ,w k u å m eÍö "r®meH? tm&r®| ypöa,P ypöa,m/ ]]vlwdkif; vlwdkif;? w&m;jrifod? "r®ynm&Sdrsm; jzpfMuygap}} "r®0D&-oEÅmatmif tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g'Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf/ &efukefNrdKU

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om;ajymzl;wJhpum;udk jyefajym&OD; r,f/ tarh&UJ ,HMk unfro I '¨gw&m;trSm;awGukd pGefYvTwfckdif;wkef;u ]]oHa,mZOfEG,f rwif; atmif i,f p m&if ; awG z suf } } qd k w J h pum;av; ajymzl;w,faemf/ om;awmfvnf; &[ef;b0udk a&mufaeNyq D akd wmh vlb Y 0wke;f u bGJU&cJhwmawG? ausmif;wkef;u oli,fcsif; taygif ; toif ; awG u d k omoemtwG u f vd k t yf r S o m quf o G , f a yh g / om;awmf & J U vrf;c&D;rSm c&D;zihfaerSmpdk;vdkYyg/ ]]um;armif;wJhtcgrSm wpfzufu b&dwfudk eif;xm;NyD; wpfzufu vDAmudk eif; xm;&if &yfvnf;&yfcsifw,f? oGm;vnf;oGm; csifovdkjzpfNyD; ydkNyD;awmh 'ku©a&mufwmayhg/ ckvnf; taru 0dyóemeJY edAÁmefc&D;udk vnf; oGm;csifw,fajymao;w,f/ orm"d wnfMunfvmawmh 0ifvmwJhtMum;tjrif awGudk om,mcsifw,fqdkawmh? orxvrf; rSmwif tqHk;owfaeawmhwmaygh/ 0dyó emÓPf e J Y vu© P ma& ;oH k ; yg;xif N yD ; rS ma&;oH awmf&m usrSmayhg t ar&JU}} vdkY ajymzl;wm tar&J t&Sib f &k m; (om;awmf) rSwfrdao;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dpum;eJY om;udk jyefajymcsifao; w,f/ tareJYnDrav;&JU a&SUa&;aemufa&; aqGrsdK;om;csif;ta&;awGudk pdwfxJrSmrxm;yg awmheJY? tJ'gqdk&if b&dwfeif;xm;ovdk jzpfae OD;r,f/ om;&JU aq;qdkifeJY0ifaiGawGudkvnf; nDukd vTNJ y;D NyrD [kwv f m;/ 'gqd&k if b&dwu f v kd w T f NyD; vDAmudk tpGrf;ukefwifzdkY tcsdefa&mufaeNyD vdkY tarawG;aerdw,f/ &[ef;qdkwm &[ef;&JU tvkyfjzpfwJh i,f? vwf? BuD;pmcswef;awGudk BuKd ;pm;oif,&l if; a&SUc&D;qufzYkd vDAmwifvu kd f ygawmhvdkY ajymcsifygw,f/ tar&duefvlrsdK;vlrnf; [m½dk;vf *Refqifudk olY&JUtaruajymw,f ]]ihgom; wu,fBudK;pm;&if ratmifjrifwm r&Sdbl;/ atmif j rif & r,f / rBud K ;pm;awmh b l ; qd k r S o m wu,f ½ I H ; oG m ;wm}}/ tJ ' gav; zwfrdawmh rSefvdkufwmvdkYawmif yg;pyfu xGufNyD; ajymrdao;w,f/ tarwdkY&JU jrwfpGm bk&m;awmifrS ESpfq,fhudk;ESpf&SdrS awmxGufNyD; usihfBuHtm;xkwfvkdufwm avmuom;wdkY&JU

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ a&S;bk&m;wdkY onfeef;awmfodkY<uí qGrf;bkOf; ay;Muoavm? tdrfpOfrvyf qGrf;&yfí bkOf; ay;Muoavm[k oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmfjzihf ½SLarQmq f ifjcifawmfrv l Qi?f tdrpf Ofrvyf? qGr;f &yf í bkOf;ay;awmfrlaMumif; jrifawmfrlojzihf a&S ; bk & m;enf ; wl oH C mawmf t aygif ; ESpfaomif;NcH&Humjzihf uyÜdv0wfaejynfawmf odkY qGrf;cH<uawmfrlwJhtcg &m[kvmr,fawmf cif,aomfu? om;awmfav; &m[kvm ac: awmf r l í ñT e f j yawmf r l a v\/ cspf o m; &m[k v ma[m[d k u <uvmawmf r l a om xG # f b k e f ; vl o nf u m; r,f r ,f o uf x m; cspf o m;\yD w m? aocsmpG ½ S L Uayawmh om;&m[kzcif aus;Zl;&SiftppfBuD; jzpfyg ay\/ qGr;f cHvrf;ü <ujref;ukejf im; jrwfb&k m; ud k vuf n § d K ;yef ñ G e f Bud r f B ud r f v G e f vsuf ñTefMum;awmfrlygay\/ &m[kvm vuftkyfrdk; í &Sdcdk;jcif;trIjyKonfrSm bkef;awmfajcmufpHk *kPfawmfteEÅESihf jynfhpHk awmfrlayaom &Siaf wmfjrwfb&k m;Bu;D tm; earmESpv f D vuf';l wifezl;jzihf ig;OD;xdvif; &Sdcdk;jcif;omjyKvkduf yg\ t&S i f b k & m;/ cspf o m;&m[k v m ESpfaomif;aom &[ef;jrwfwdkY\ tBuD;trSL; OD ; pD ; em,u aerif ; BuD ; uJ h o d k Y a&mif a wmf ajcmufjzmxGef;vif;vsuf a&SUqHk;u<uvmwJh &[ef;BuD;[m wjcm;ol r[kwf? yg&rDawmf bkef;wpfyg;ESihf tvGef w&mrS xl;uJvSí oHk;OD;wdkY\ wpfqlq&m ZrÁL rSm twkr&wJh b*0g twk v or® m orÁ K '¨ tppf u G J U ? ihgom;zGm;jrifpu av;yg;aomedrdwf jrif taemfrmaomifcGifudkxGufí av;csufaom opömudk &SmazGumodjrifvdkY bk&m;&Sif&,fvdkY bGUJ cH cyfjrefjref vuftyk cf srD ;kd uefawmhvu dk yf g om;a&vdkY wkdufwGef;awmh tvGrf;yGm;&SmwJh &m[kvmvJ &Spfcdk;wkef; jAKe;fueJ qufíajym wmu oifhtzawm0emodkY r<ucifu (oCF? {V? OyÜv? ykPÖ&du) qdkwJh a&Ttdk;BuD;av;vHk; [m tHMh ovdrYk qH;k oH;k pm;vdv Yk J rukeEf ikd w f yhJ pön;f awG &SdouGJUom;&JU? oifhtz w&m;jrifvdkY awmcGifxGufawmh a&Ttdk;BuD;av;vHk; ajrvQdK; aysmuf c J h w ,f / ih g om; oih f z cif b k & m;xH tarGcHzdkY taMumif;ESifhawmif;acs om;a& qdak wmh &ifaoG;onf;csm om;awmf&m[kvmvJ bk & m;&S i f x H a rS m uf tarG a wmif ; &ef a&muf & S d v monh f t cg bk & m;&S i f u toH awmf x G u f EI w f > ruf c g rac:wJ h t jyif pu©Ka`E´csNyD; abmZOf tm[m&udk rQwpGm bk O f ; ay;awmf r l a eaom bk & m;&S i f t m;

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33

&m[kvm- cspfom;onf;csm tdkuG,hf &m[kvm? rmbm,d- awmifa&mufajrmufa&muf pdwEf v S ;kH aemufavmufatmif raMumufygESifh/ {[doif\zzGm; igbk&m;\ xif&Sm;rsufarSmuf ajcawmf a tmuf o d k Y csOf ; uyf c J h y gavmh [ k ac:awmfrlvkdufvQif NidKjiifaompdwfxm;awG uif;pifomG ;Ny;D bk&m;&Si\ f ajcawmfpu kH kd OD;yHv k Ykd wku d u f mjzihf om;rdu k u f kd u,fwifawmfryl gbk&m; vkdY tavQmuf? bk&m;&Sifuvnf; cspfom;&m[k vm oifhtrdoabmu avmuudkMunhfNyD; a&T? aiGypönf; tm;renf;atmif om;BuD; tarG awmif;ygacsvdkY cdkif;vdkufawmh igtzbk&m;xH avmuDrmS toa&wd;k apzdYk a&Tt;kd udk tawmif; vmcJhjcif;jzpfayw,fr[kwfvm;/ rS e f v S y gbk & m;? om;awmf o nf a&Tt;kd Bu;D av;vH;k tawmif;vmjcif;jzpfygw,f bk & m;/ &if a oG ; onf ; csm &m[k v mç oiho f P²mef yg&rDÓPf r&ifo h efonhf twGuf aMumif h vl Y p nf ; pd r f ? ewf p nf ; pd r f ? jA[® m pnf;pdrfwdkYudk om,mpHkruf ESpfoufpum; oifavQmufxm;jcif;jzpfayw,f/ oHk;q,fwpfbHk tvHk;pHk\ jzpfyHkysuf yHk tukeaf 0zef&mS vku d af omf csr;f om[lu jrLrQ rjrif tukefqif;&J? rvGJrkcs? 'ku©vufwGif; qif;&Jjcif;tewåeJY tdkMu? emMu? aoMurpJ i&Jtyg,f? rvGrJ z,fEikd af ybl;? tukov kd w f &m; r*fukodkvfrS wm;EdkifwmrdkY? om;&JU armif&m[k vm bmudkrS rawG;eJYawmh? tdkab;? emab;? aoab;? tyg,f a b;uif ; wJ h w&m;tppf om;cspfu vufcHyguGJU/ od k Y u vd k w &m;jyum bk & m;u ar;awmfrlawmh rD;cJjymzHk; ywåjrm;EGHepf yg&rD xl; &SdcJhonhftjzpfaMumihf w&m;ppfw&m;rSef? aAm"dyu©d,? oHk;q,fckepfwefudk a[mMum; awmfrlNyD;aemuf? r*¾"r®m tNrdKufw&m;awmfudk om oem;awmfrlygbk&m;vdkY avQmufvkdufvQif (t&d , opö m e 'óeH {wH r *F v rkwårH) rrSm;racsmf om;awmfw&m;jy tem;u vusfmawmf&HjzpfwJh &Sifom&dykwå&mESifh vuf0J awmf&HjzpfwJh &Sifarm*¾vefwdkYudk ac:awmf rlvsuf t*¾om0u ESpfyg; tdkcspfom;wdkY...? &m[kvmac: ihgom;awmfukd oH;k avmubHXk me rS xG u f a jrmuf & ef t rS e f ? av;wef a om avmukwå&mtarG tyfESif;&ef acgif;uqHyif rsm;udk a&Smifwcif&dwfjzwfí cg;0wf? oif;ydik ?f {uoDouFe;f qifjref;ay;vsuf omoetarGcH omraPac:Edik &f ef twefwefaom pnf;urf; pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

Abidhama-: BUDDHIST DOCTRAIN EMBODIMENT

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Abidhama-: BUDDHIST DOCTRAIN EMBODIMENT

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tjrifUjrwfqkH;aom "r®a'oem tbd"r®m

Abhidhamma desana: An Noble Sermon of the Lord Buddha "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f )

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