DV21-10

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

pmwnf;csKyf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

3

Ak'¨bmom\ tESpfom&udk Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY owdjyK od&SdMuapcsif þurÇmay:&Sd vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYESihf eD;pyf&m rdrdwdkY\ ywf0ef;usif tajctaet& ,HkMunfrIudk t"duxm;NyD; urÇmay:ü tqufquf tqihfqihfay:ayguf cJhaom bmomt,l0g'rsm;udk ,HkMunf udk;uG,fvmcJhMuygonf/ ,aeYacwfwGif urÇmhvlom; toD;oD; xif&Sm;pGm ,HkMunfudk;uG,faeMu aom bmomBuD;rsm;rSm [dE´Lbmom? Ak'¨bmom? c&pf,mefbmomESifh tpövmrf bmomwdkYjzpfMuygonf/ bmomwdkif;wGif vlom;wdkY\ ypöKyÜef? wrvGef csrf;oma&;twGuf vdkufemusihfoHk; &rnfh usihfpOfw&m;rsm; yg&Sdaeygonf/ tenf;trsm;ESihf trSeftrSm;om uGmjcm;ygonf/ usihfpOfw&m;rsm;onf bmom\ tESpfom& rsm;yifjzpfygonf/ todynm&Sifrsm;onf bmom wpfck\ usihfpOfw&m;rsm;udk Munhf½I? avhvm jcif;? oHk;oyfqifjcifjcif;? EdIif;,SOfa0zefjcif;jzihf xdkbmom\ twdrfteufESihf tESpfom& &Sdr&Sdukd cGJjcm;odEkdifMuygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY Ak'¨bmom w&m;awmfü avmuDtusKd;usihfpOf? avmukwå&mtusKd; usihfpOf [lí usihfpOfrsm;pGm&Sdaeygonf/ Ak'¨bmom\ usifhpOfw&m;tcsKyfrSm? 'ge? oDv? orm"d? ynm [laom usihfpOfBuD; av;jzm&Sdaeygonf/ xdkusihfpOfBuD;av;&yfudk Ak'¨a*gwronf tao;pdyfa[mMum; vrf;ñTefxm;ygonf/ Oyrm 'geusipfh Of\ tcdik t f rm? tESpo f m&jzpfyu kH Mkd unhv f Qif urÇmvlom;rsm; toD;oD; ydik q f ikd x f m;aom ypön;f tm;vH;k onf a&?rD;? rif;? olc;kd ? tarGcq H ;kd qdak om &eforl sK;d ig;yg;ESit fh Nrq J ufqaH e&aomaMumihf tcdik f trm tESpo f m&&So d nft h &mrsm;r[kwMf uyg/ xdktcdkiftrm tESpfom&r[kwfaom ypönf; rsm;\ tESpfom&um; xdkypönf;rsm;udk pGefYBuJ ay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif;[laom 'geukokdvfyif jzpfygonf/ xdk'geukodkvfonfum; rnfonfh &efolrQ rzsufqD;Ekdifojzihf tcdkiftrm wnf&Sd aeaom tESpfom& w&m;rsm;jzpfaMumif; Ak'¨u uPSZmwfawmfü a[mMum;vrf;ñTef xm;ygonf/ tvm;wl? oDv? orm"d? ynm? usihfpOf w&m;wdkY\ tESpfom&jzpfyHkudk "r®y' om&dykwåax&0w¬Kü twdtusa[mMum; vrf;ñTefxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/ ,aeY Ak'¨bmom trsm;pkonf Ak'¨bmom\ xl;jcm;aom 0daoo vu©Pm *kPft*Fgrsm;udk twdtus em;vnfMuonf[k rqkdEkdifyg/ Ak'¨bmomwGif xl;jcm;uGJjym;aom 0daoovu©Pm*kPft*FgBuD; (4)&yf&Sdaeygonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm1/ Ak'¨bmomonf owå0gwdkYü twdwfuH? ypöKyÜef uH? ESpfwefaom uH&Sd\/ xdkuHrsm;\ tusKd;rsm;vnf;&Sd\[k uHudk tajccHxm;aom ur® 0 g'D bmomjzpf y gonf / 2/ uHudk tajccHxm;aom bmomjzpfaomfvnf; tjcm;ur®0g'Drsm;uJhodkY twå0g'udk vufrcH? tewå0g' (rNrJ- tpdk;r& 0g'udk) om txG w f t xd y f x m;aom bmomjzpf o nf / 3/ uHudk tajccHxm;í tewå0g'udk txGwftxdyfxm;aom bmomjzpfí xdk0g'rsm;ESihf vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfaom 'ge? oDv? orm"d ? ynm[l a om usih f p Of B uD ; av;jzm&S d a om bmomjzpf y gonf / 4/ avmuDypöKyÜef b0BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; twGuf usihfpOfw&m;rsm; a[mMum; vrf;ñTGef jyxm;ovdk b0oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf&m edAÁmef(Nidrf;at;rI) udk aemufqHk;yef;wdkif xm;aom bmomjzpfí xdkcsrSwfxm;aom usihfpOfrsm;udk usihfBuHtm;xkwfjcif;jzihf ypöKyeÜ b f 0 raMumifrh us rawmifrh w csr;f om pGm ae&ovdk aemufq;kH yef;wdik af &muf&rnf[k ,HMk unfxm;aombmomvnf;jzpfygonf/ þAk'¨bmom\ 0daoo vu©Pm BuD; 4 &yfudk odjrifem;vnfxm;ygvQif Ak'¨bmomonf rnfuJhodkYaom bmomrsKd; jzpfonf[k udk,fwdkifod&Sdrnfhtjyif tjcm; olrsm;udkvnf; Ak'¨\ tESpfom&udk &Sif;jyEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYonf rdrdwdkY Ak'¨bmom\ tESpfom&udk od&SdEkdifMu&efESifh od&Sdonhftavsmuf usihfBuHEkdifMuyg&ef "r®0D&rS av;av;eufeuf wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/ t,f ' D w m

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om

r[mowdy|meokwf(tESpfcsKyf) w&m;a'oemawmf omoemawmf E S p f 2553-ck E S p f aumZmouú & mZf 1371 ck E S p f ? oD w if ; uRwf v qef ; 10 &uf a eY r S vqef ; 14 &uf t xd &efukefwdkif;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? rkefYvkyfaqmif;ukef; awmif&yfuGuf? aZ,sokcvrf;? "r®m½kHwGif qif,ifusif;yaom nOfhOD; ,mrf "r® o bif t crf ; tem;rsm;ü "r® ' ge trw'getjzpf (5)&uf w k d i f w k d i f a [mMum;awmf r l t yf a om r[mowd y |meok w f (tES p f c sKyf ) w&m;a'oemawmfudk "r®0D&rmru "r®cspfcif olawmfpify&dowfwdkYtzdkY qnf;yl;ylaZmf tEkarm'emjyKawmfrlEdkifMuygap&eftvdkYiSm? q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l c J h o nh f a[muG u f r sm;twd k i f ; ? tjynf h t pH k a zmf j yay;vk d u f y gonf / ("r® 0 D & ) "r® m Ek y óem tm,weyAÁ cE¨meJyY wfoufNy;D jrwpfpmG bk&m;u 'kw, d a[mw,f? wwd, usawmh tm,we 12-yg;eJaY [mw,f/ tm,we 12-yg;eJyY wfoufwhJ tcg ½IrSwfyHkav;awG wpfrsdK;ay;w,f? tm,we 12-yg; udk,hfoEÅmef rSm &SdaewmawGudk pOf;pm;Munhfayhg/ udk,hfoEÅmefrSm tqif;tm½Hkudk jrif&wJrh supf &d w dS ,f? toHuMkd um;wJh em;&Sw d ,f? teHu Y ½kd LS &wJh ESmacgif;&Sd w,f/ 'guawmh t&yfpum;eJY ajymwmayhgaemf/ tqif;udkjrifwJh rsufpdqdkwm b,fESpfckvJ¿ tqif;u wpfckç rsupf u d wpfc?k ESpcf rk [kwb f ;l vm;/ tqif;u tm½H?k rsupf u d xdt k m½Hu k kd cH,lwJh yom'½kyf- 0w¬K½kyfayhg/ 0w¬KeJY tm½HkvdkY qdkvdkwmayhgaemf/ 'DESpfck wku d rf S jrifopd w d af y:wmud;k ? tJ'aD wmh rsupf v d nf; &S&d r,f? tqif;tm½Hk vnf; &S&d r,f? tqif;tm½Hu k rsupf w d iG f ay:vmxifrS jrifopd w d q f w kd m ay:wmudk;/ tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkYrSm rsufpdvnf; &Sdw,fç jrifp&m tm½Hk vnf; &Sdw,f? em; &Sdw,fç toH&Sdw,f/ ESpfckpD ESpfckpD oGm;rSmaemf/ ESmacgif;&Sdw,fç teHYtm½Hk&Sdw,f? vQm&Sdw,fç t&omcH,lEdkifw,f? um,- body qkdwm &Sdw,fç txdtawGUtm½Hk&Sdw,f? pdwf&Sdw,fç odp&mtm½Hk&Sdw,f/ aygif;vkdufawmh tm,we 12- yg;? twGif;tm, weeJY tjyiftm,we (odrYk [kw)f tcH"mwfeYJ twdu k "f mwfayhg? pmayvdk ajym&if tZÑwåd u+tm,we= tZÑwådum,we? A[d'¨+ tm,we A[d'g¨ ,we/ tJ'Dvdkay:vmwJhtcgrSm rsufpdeJY tqif;tm½Hkav;udkyJMunhf?

Munh&f rSmu ]ighrmS rsupf v d q Ykd w kd hJ yom'½kyaf v;&Sw d ,f? ½lyg½Hq k w kd hJ rsupf d eJY jrifp&mtm½Hkav; &Sdw,f/ tJ'DESpfckudk taMumif;jyKvmwJh oHa,mZOf &Sdwm &Sdw,f}? [kwfw,fav- oHa,mZOfqdkwm tJ'D aemufrSvmwmyJ/ rjrifbl;bJeJY oHa,mZOfqdkwm rjzpfbl;av? rsufpdu ESpfoufp&mtm½Hk av;udk jrifvdkufw,fqdk&if jrifp&mtm½Hk&,fç rsufpd&,f tJ'DESpfckudk aygif;Ny;D wG,w f mrIav;ay:vmwm? 'gjrwfpmG bk&m;u ta&;Bu;D wmudk jzwfajymvdkufwmaemf? tpOftwkdif;ajymae&if vdk&if;ra&mufrSmpdk;vdkY/

tpOftwkdif;ajym&if ½lyg½Hk- tqif;tm½Hkav;u rsufpdudkç vmwku d &f if jrifopd w d af y:r,f? ]wdPHÖ o*Fwd zaóm} rsupf &d ,fç tqif; tm½H&k ,fç jrifopd w d &f ,f aygif;rdvu kd w f t hJ cg zóvmr,f? ]zóypö,m a0'em} a0'emvmr,f? ]a0'emypö,m wPSm} ]wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH} 'Dvv kd mrSmayhg? jrwfpmG bk&m;u oHa,mZOfukd vSr;f ajymvku d w f ,f? zó awG bmawGudkjr§Kyfxm;vkdufNyD; rsufpd&SdvdkY jrifp&mawG jrifw,f? jrifvdkY oHa,mZOfjzpfw,f? 'gu &Sif;aewmyJav? Mum;vdkY oHa,mZOfjzpfw,f? teH&Y vdYk oHa,mZOfjzpfw,f? oHa,mZOfjzpfwmawG? rsupf u d jrifNy;D awmh jrifwJhoHa,mZOfav;jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dvkd jzpfvmwJhoHa,mZOf[m bmaMumifhjzpfwmvJ¿ 'gudk ½IrSwf&rSm? taMumif;rygbJeJY rjzpfbl;aemf/ ckeu rsufpdqdkwmudkvnf; od&r,f/ tqif;tm½Hkqdkwmudkvnf; od&r,f? tJ'DESpfck taMumif;jyKNyD; awmh oHa,mZOfay:vmwmudv k nf; od&r,f? tJ'o D , H mZOfukd b,fenf; eJY z,f&Sm;&rvJ¿ 'gudkvnf; odoihfw,f/ 'DoHa,mZOf[m bmaMumihf jzpfvmovJ¿ rsufpdeJYqHkwkdif; oHa,mZOfjzpfwm r[kwfbl;? bmaMumifh jzpfw,fqdkwm taMumif;&Sdw,f? tJ'Dawmh bmaMumifhjzpfovJ¿ jzpfvmwmudk bmeJzY ,f&mS ;rvJ¿ t<uif;rJjh zwfawmufzYkd bmvky&f rvJ¿ qdw k hJ tcsuaf wGukd tav;teufxm;Ny;D qifjcifo;kH oyfwmudyk J tEkyó emvdkY ac:w,f/ tm,we 12-rsdK;vHk;udk tJ'Dvdk twGJvkduftwGJvkduf ½IjrifoHk;oyfoGm;r,fqdk&if 'g[m "r®mEkyóemyJ/ ckeu tZÑwåyJjzpfap A[d'¨yJjzpfap ½IygwJh/ taMumif;w&m; awGudkvnf; jrifvmvdrhfr,f? tusdK;w&m;awGudkvnf; jrifvmvdrhfr,f/ aemufqHk;rSm udk,f½IrSwfaewJh tm,weawGay:rSm owdpGrf;tm;awG xufvmNyD; tJ'DowdpGrf;tm;u ½IrSwfaewJh tm,weay:rSm wnfNidrf aeNyD;awmh todÓPfwufzdkYeJY owdpGrf;tm;awG wdk;yGm;vmzdkYyJ jzpfvdrfh r,fw/hJ wPSmtawG;awG 'd|t d jrifawG r0ifb;l ? r0ifonht f wGuaf Mumihf aemufq;kH avmuBu;D wpfcv k ;kH rSm bmrSpv JG ef;wmç wyfrufwm r&Sad wmh pmrsuf E S m 6 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) ol u & aygwd u m 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg &mZN*dK[fjynfü qGrf;cHvSnhfvnf&mwGif wpf aumifaom 0ufri,fudk jrifíNyK;H awmfro l nf/ tb,f a Mumih f NyKH ; awmf r l y goenf ; [k &SiftmeE´m avQmufaomf cspfom;tmeE´m þ0ufronf uukoefb&k m;vufxuf Muufr jzpfonf? Muufrb0rSaovGefí Am&mPoD jynf0,f Oy&drif;orD;jzpfonf/ xkdrif;orD; onf ukd,fvuf okwfoif&m ykd;avmuftpkukd jrifí ]]ykVK0u}} onmjzihf yxrpsmefukd&í jA[® j ynf ü jzpf o nf / jA[® m bk H r S pk w d u sí Am&mPoDjynfü olaX;orD;jzpfonf/ olaX; orD;tjzpfraS ovGeí f ,ck 0ufri,fjzpf&av onf/ b0wPSm\tjypfonf rsm;avpG[k rdefYawmfrlí ]],xmyd rlav tEky'´a0 'aV§}} paom ajcmuf*gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ 0uf r i,f b 0rS wpf z ef aovG e f a omf ok 0 PÖ b l r d oxk H r if ; rsKd ; üjzpf a v\/ xk d r S aovGefí Am&mPoDüjzpfonf/ xkdrSaovGef í ]]okyÜg&u}} oabFmqdyf jrif;ukefonftdrfü jzpf\/ xkdrSaovGefí wm0,oabFmqdyf avSoBl u;D tdrüf jzpf\/ xkrd aS ovGeí f tEk&m" NrKd U awmif b uf uEÅ & &G m ü ok r ernf a om ol<u,forD;jzpf&m 'k|*grPdrif;vufxuf twdtrÁ&trwfuawmfjzpf\/ aum#rrÁw ausmif;ae tEk½k'¨grax&f qGrf;cH<u&mwGif xk d t rwf u awmf ok r euk d j rif í bk & m; vuf x uf a wmf u 0uf r i,f j zpf o nf / ,ck t cg trwf u awmf j zpf a eNyD ? tH h M ozG , f & S d p G [ k rd e f Y a wmf r l o H u k d M um;í qk d t yf N yD ; aom wpf q ,f h ok H ; b0uk d atmufarhrdvsuf &[ef;rdef;rjyKí r[mowd y|meok w f u k d e m&mwG i f aomwmyef jzpfav\/ tmoD0dolyrokwfukd em,l&mwGif &[EÅmr jzpfavonf/ ,xmyd rlav tEky'´a0 'aV§? qdaEémyd ½kau©m ykea&0 ½l[wd/ {0rÜd wPSmEkoa, tEk[aw? edAÁwåwD 'ku©rd'H ykyÜKeH/

,ó qwåd Howd aomwm? remyo0em bkom/ r[m 0[EÅd 'k'´d|d H/

aomreómed b0EÅd ZEÅKaem/ aw omwodwm okacodaem? aw a0 ZmwdZ½ly*g e&m/

jref r muAsm opfyifukdif;jzwf jrpfrjywfvQif? wzefaygufa&muf Bu;D ajrmufprd ;f &Si?f xkdenf;wly Eko,rnfwGif? wPSm"mwf rjywfuif;ygvQif/ oaE¨rSDwif; aejcif;pxGif? 0#fqif;&J zefvJjzpfrnfyif/

jref r muAsm tm½kHajcmufyg; pD;oGm;a&[kef? wPSmEG,fu ajcmuf0jzpfykH? wPSmEG,fjrpf jrifvpfcgwkH? r*fÓPfjzihf jzwfvihf owfvihfukef/

Just as a tree, with roots undamaged and firm, though hewn down, sprouts again; even so, While latent craving is not rooted out, this sorrow ups again and again.

pum;ajy/ / tjrpf y suf p D ; jcif ; r&S d ? ck d i f N rJ a evQif (opf y if u k d jzwf a omf v nf ; ) wzefaygufa&muf pnfyifjyefouJhodkY þtwl wPS m Ek o ,onf rjywf a o;onf & S d a omf þy#doaE¨wnfaejcif; paom 0#fqif;&Jonf tzefzef jzpfay:vmawmh onfomwnf;/ jref r muAsm tMuifoltm; jzpfyGm;tm½kH? jyif;xefpGmwJh okH;q,hfajcmufzkH? ,lrSm;wG,fuyf qufpyf&m*kH? BuHpnfrsm; aqmifoGm;Muavukef/

The streams (cravings) flow everywhere. The creeper sprouts and stands; seeing the creeper that has sprung up, with wisdom cut off the root.

pum;ajy/ / cyfodrf;aom tm½kHajcmufyg;wdkY onf wPSmwnf;[laom a&tvsOo f nf ,kpd ;D uk e f \ / wPS m wnf ; [l a omEG , f o nf ajcmuf'Gg& üjzpfí (ajcmuftm½kHü) wnf\/ xG u f a y:vmaom wPS m wnf ; [l a om EG,fukdjrifí r*fynmjzihf wPSmEG,fjrpfukd jzwfMuukefavmh/ jref r muAsm wPSmtBuKduf vdkvkdufowå0g? cspfcifwço &Tifysvsufom? umraysmfMuL; &TifjrL;aeum? csrf;omawGU &Smavh&SdMuwm/ oaE¨uif; tkdjcif;a&mufrnfom/

In whom the thirty-six streams (of craving) that rush towards pleasurable objects are strong, then powerful, Iustful carry misunderstanding person.

To beings there arise pleasures that rush (towards sense-objects) and are moistened (with craving); bent on pleasure they seek happiness. Verilly, those men come to birth and decay.

pum;ajy/ / tMuifyk*¾Kdvftm; ESpfoufzG,f aumif;aom tm½kHumr*kPfodkY pD;qif;wwf aom tm;BuD;pGmaom 36-yg;aom wPSm tvsOfonf pD;qif;vsuf&Sd\/ &m*ukdrSDí jzpfuek af omtBut H pnfwo Ykd nf raumif;aom t,l&Sdaomolukd aqmif,lukef\/ o0EÅd oAÁ"d aomwm? vwm OyÜZÆ wd|wd/ wÍö 'doGm vwH ZmwH? rlvH ynm, qdE´x/ o&dwmed odae[dwmed p?

pum;ajy/ / owå0gwkdYtm; avmuDtm½kH umr*kPb f ufoYdk ajy;0ifuek af om (atmufarh vGr;f qGwu f ek af om) ESpo f ufcspcf ifjcif;wdo Yk nf jzpf a y:vmMuí wPS m jzih f pk d p G w f u k e f \ / (0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfukef\) þowå0gwkdY onf om,maysmfjrL;jcif; (aomreó)ukd rSDukefonfjzpfí umrcsrf;omukdom &SmrSD; avh&u dS ek v f suf pifppf y#doaE¨aejcif;? tkjd cif; odkY uyfa&mufMu&ukef\/ wodPm, yk&u©wm yZm? y&doyÜEÅd oaom0 AE¨dawm/

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

pmrsuf E S m 4 rS bl;? tpGJjyKwfoGm;w,f/ tpGJjyKwfoGm;wmeJY wpfNydKifeuf pdwf[m vGwfoGm;NyDvdkY 'Dvdkqdkw,faemf/ pdwfuav; vGwfoGm;NyDqdkwm jrwfpGm bk&m;u &[EÅmjzpfoGm;wJhtxdudk ajymwmaemf/ odkYaomf rusihfvdkY&Sd&if awmh tJ'Dxdatmif ra&mufbl;ayhg/ w&m;wkdif; w&m;wkdif;[m t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfeJYyJ tqHk;owfw,f/ r[mowdy|meokwrf mS 'Dvrf;aMumif; twdik ;f yJ? jrwfpmG bk&m; u ay;xm;w,f/ wpfyHkpHwnf;yJ ay;xm;wm/ tJ'Dawmh b,f½Iaxmihf u oGm;oGm; vrf;qH;k &if 'Da&mufrmS yJ/ vrf;qH;k qdw k mu ]eudÍdö avmau Oyg'd,wd} 'g vrf;qHk;yJ? ]avmau}- avmuBuD;rSm? ]udÍöd}- bmudkrQ? ]e Oyg'd,wd}- rpGJawmhbl;wJh? bkef;BuD;wdkYwawGu wpfckvTwfvkduf&if aemufwpfckudk pGJwmav? [dkrSmusawmh pGJwm vHk;0r&Sdawmhbl;/ 'Dvkd jzpf&rSmaemf/ pGJwmawG vHk;0aysmufoGm;&r,f? 'gu tm,weeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u ½IyHk½Ienf;udk "r®mEkyóemrSm eHygwf (3) taeeJYa[mw,f/ "r® m Ek y óem aAmZÑ*F y AÁ eHygwf (4) taeeJYu bma[mvJqdk&if aAmZÑifudk a[mw,f/ aAmZÑifqdkwm aAm"d+ t*F? aAm"dqdkwm odwwfwJhyk*¾dKvf (odkYr[kwf) todÓPf? ÓPf&JU taxmuftulawGodwwfwJh yk*¾dKvf&JU odaMumif; t*Fg&yfawG? taxmuftyHht*Fg&yfawGudk aAmZÑ*FvdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'DaAmZÑ*FvdkYqdkwJh w&m;u 7-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ eHygwf (1) u owd? eHygwf (2) u "r®0pd ,? "r®0pd ,qdw k m "r®awGukd qifjcifo;kH oyfwhJ todÓPf? eHygwf (3) u 0D&d,- tukodkvfawG z,f&Sm;zdkY? ukodkvfawG jynhf0zdkY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI? eHygwf (4) u yDwd - pdwfxJrSm w&m;"r®eJY auseyfESpfoufrI? eHygwf (5) u yó'¨d- udk,fa&m? pdwfa&m Nidrf;at; aerI? eHygwf (6) u orm"d- pdwu f av;Nird af erI? eHygwf (7) u Oayu©mobm0w&m;tm;vH;k [m wnDwnf;aqmif&u G af erI? tm;vH;k aygif;vku d f oHa,mZe o*Fow¦um? 'ku©rkayEÅd ykeyÜKeH pd&m,/ jref r muAsm wPSm0kdif;ywf &HtyfolawG? uGif;rd,kefvm; aMumuftm;ykdae? umraESmifBuKd; 0ifwdk;olawG? xyfwvJ qif;&Ja&muf&ay/ Folk enwrapt in craving are terrified like a captive; held fast by fetters and bonds, for long they come to sorrow again and again.

pum;ajy/ / wPS m &pf y wf zG J U aES m if tyfaom owå0gwdkYonf (rkqkd;ausmhuGif;ü)

wJhtcg 7-ck &Sdw,f/ tJ'D 7-ckeJY ywfoufNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'DaAmZÑifawGudk ur®|mef;½IzdkYtaeeJY bmvdkY "r®mEkyóemxJ xnhfay;ovJqdk&if 'gu ta&;BuD;w,fav/ udk,hfoEÅmefrSm ckeu taESmuft,Sufay;r,hf eD0&PawGudk odzdkYta&;BuD;ovdk aumif;wJhtajctaeawG &Sd- r&SdodzdkY vnf; ta&;BuD;w,fav/ tJ'Dawmh eHygwf-1 Munhf&rSmu ihgoEÅmefrSm owdoarÁmZÑif- todÓPfudk jzpfay:apEdkifwJh owdw&m;&Sd&JUvm;¿ 'g pOf;pm;&r,f? 'Dvdk ½I&rSmaemf/ tJ'Dawmh &Sd-r&Sd rodbJeJY b,fvdkvkyf wdk;atmif vkyfvdkY&rvJ? vkyfvdkYr&Edkifbl;/ 'gaMumihf &Sdovm;qdkwmudk vnf; pOf;pm;? r&Sdbl;vm;qdkwmudkvnf; pOf;pm;/ 'gjzihf r&Sdao;&if &Sdvmatmif b,fvdkvkyfrvJ¿ &SdNyD;&if wdk;vmatmif b,fvdkvkyfrvJ¿ point av;ckay;xm;w,f/ ihgoEÅmefrSm owdoarÁZÑif &Sdovm;- r&Sdbl;vm; ½IrSwf&r,f/ tajzu r&Sdao;bl; vdkY xGuf&if &Sdvmatmif b,fvdkvkyfrvJ? &Sdw,fvdkYtajzxGufvdkY&Sd&if wdk;atmifb,fvdkvkyfrvJ/ 'D point awG rodEdkifbl;vm;/ tu,fí qifjcifoHk;oyfrMunhfbl;qdk&if 'DtcsufawG b,fvdkvkyfodEdkifrvJaemf/ 'Dvdk odrfarGUwJh obm0w&m;udk rajymeJY? udk,hftdrfrSm bm&SdovJqdkwm awmif trSwfwrJhae&if rodbl;/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY udk,hftdrfrSm &Sd-r&Sd odatmif BudK;pm;&ovdkyJ udk,hfoEÅmefrSm 'gawG &Sd-r&Sdodatmif BudK;pm; oifhw,faemf/ 'gaMumifhrdkY aAmZÑif 7-yg;udkvnf; ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;zdkYqdkNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;u 4-ckajrmuftaeeJY 'gudka[mwm/ tJ'DrSm owdoarÁmZÑif ihgoEÅmefrSm&Sdovm;¿? r&Sdbl;vm;¿ r&Sdao;&if jzpfatmif b,fvdkvkyfrvJ¿ &SdNyD;&if wdk;yGm;atmif b,fvdk vkyfrvJ¿ 'D4-csufeJY qifjcifoHk;oyfvdkY&Sd&if r&Sdao;&if &Sdatmifvkyf& vdhrfr,f/ &SdNyD;&if wdk;wufatmifvkyf&vdrhfr,f/ oarÁmZÑif&SdrSom ckeu ajymwJh twG,ftwmrJhNyD;awmh vGwfajrmufrIqdkwm jzpfvmEdkifw,f/ 'Dtaetxm;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mw,faemf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

rdaom ,kefi,fuJhokdY aMumuf&GHUukef\/ umr &m* paom oHa,mZOftaESmiftzGUJ wdjYk zihf NrpJ mG zGJUaESmifjcif; &Sdukefonfjzpfí MumjrihfpGmaom umvywfvkH; olwdkYonf tzefzef (y#doaE¨ aejcif;tp&Sdaom) qif;&JodkYa&mufum yifyef; &SmMuukef\/ wodPm, yk&u©wm yZm? y&doyÜEÅd oaom0 AE¨dawm/ wo®m wodPH 0daem'a,? tmucFEÅ0d&m* rw¦aem/ jref r muAsm wPSm0kdif;ywf &HtyfolrSm?

uGif;rd,kefvm; aMumuftm;ykdum? rdrd&m* uif;&atmifom? awmifhwbd aeonhfxkdolrSm/ wPSm,kwf rsKd;jyKwfy,fazsmuf&m/ Folk enwrapt in craving are terrified like a captive hare; therefore a bhikkhu, who wishes his own passionlessness (Nibbana), should discard craving.

pum;ajy/ / wPSm&pfywf zGJUaESmif tyfukefaom owå0gwkdYonf rkqkd;ausmhuGif;ü rdaom ,kefoli,fuJhodkY aMumuf&GHUMuukef\/ xkdYaMumihf rdrd\&m*uif;&m edAÁmefukd tvdk&Sd aom &[ef;onf wPSmukd y,fazsmuf&m\/

pmrsuf E S m 7 rS

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

taumif;qkH;vl tjzLqkH;ESvkH;om;jzpfygap rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/ c&D;oGm;[efaqmifum ukrÇaCmou tdrfxJ odkY0ifvsuf../ ]]tarmiftdrf&Sif? wdkYom;trdu c&D; oG m ;jzpf y gw,f / tarmif h t d r f r S m wpf & uf ?

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9

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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jyKEkdifao;onf/ q,fyg;oDvaqmufwnfí oihw f ifah omESv;Hk xm;jzihf BuK;d pm;tm;xkwyf grl aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grfjzpfEkdifao; onf/ ewfjynf ewfb0&Ekdifao;onf/}} ]]tu,fí xko d w k eå Bf u;D ukd remMum; &ygrl ao;i,faom tmywfrS oHCm'daoof? yg&mZdu tmywfBu;D rsm;txd vGeu f sL;Ekid o f nf/ xkdtcg oHo&mwGif q,fr&aom tyg,fav; yg; om;aumiftjzpfodkY a&muf&SdMuawmhrnf jzpfonf/ þokwåefukd avhvmjcif;jzihf jrwfAk'¨ onf oHCmhtzGUJ tpnf;ukd rjywfaomowdjzihf tpOfxm0& apmihfa&Smufxdef;uGyfaeaMumif; odomvSygonf/ ol e mjyKbk & m; jrwfAk'¨onf oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;ukd pnf;rsOf;odu©myk'frsm;jzihf tkyfcsKyf½kHomr[kwf ao;/ txufu azmfjycJhonhftwdkif; oefYpif aomESv;Hk om; jrihjf rwfaompdwx f m; &&Sad tmif vnf; enf;rsKd;pkHjzihf jyKjyifay;cJhonf/ þrQjzih f v nf ; rvk H a vmuf a o;/ awGUBuKo H rQ wynho f m0uwdt Yk a&;ukd ½Iaxmihf pkHrS jyKpkapmihfa&SmufykHudkvnf; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGU&ayonf/ ,if;rSm olemjyKpka&;jzpf\/ jrwfAk'¨

onf &[ef;wdt Yk m; aq;0g;ruk& [k ynwfjcif; rSm vlwdkY\o'¨gw&m; ,Gif;rSm;oGm;rSmpkd;í jzpf \/ ]]twk r J h a umif ; rI B uJ c s&m v,f a jr ozG , f j zpf \ }} [l a om oH C mh * k P f y k ' f avsmhenf;oGm;rSmpdk;aomaMumifhjzpf\/ rdrdukd,fawmfwdkifrSmrl wynfhom; &[ef;wdkY\ta&;ukd atmufajcodrf;tvkyf rusef vkyfawmfrl\/ ,if;wdkYteuf olemjyKpk a&;ukd ukd,fwkdif pHjytjzpfjyKvkyfcJhonfukd okwåefyd#u? 0de,yd#uwdkYü ajrmufjrm;pGm awGU&onf/ xkdajrmufjrm;pGmaom jzpf&yfwkdYrS tcsKdUt0ufukd aumufEkwfwifjyygOD;rnf/ aoG ; jynf w &T J & T J jrwfA'k o ¨ m0w¦jd ynf aZw0efausmif; awmfü oDwif;ok;H cdu k jf zpf\/ wdóac: &[ef; Bu;D wpfyg; temaygufa&m*gpGu J yfonf/ yxr wGif xkda&m*grSm omrefrQjzpf\/ Mumaomf temrsm;rSm wjznf;jznf; qkd;&Gm;vmonf/ rkefn§if;aphcefY? yJaemufaphcefY? yJpif; ikHcefY? qD;jzLoD;cefYrSonf aemufqkH; OoQpfoD; ceft Y xd Bu;D xGm;vmonf/ rnfrQavmuf tcH& cufrnfenf;/ temrsm;rSm &ihfxGm;vm&m aoG; jynfrsm; aygufux JG u G v f monf/ oefpY ifí rEkid f avmufatmifjzpf\/ t0wfouFef;wdkYrSm aoG; jynftvdr;f vdr;f jzpfaeonf/ teHt Y oufq;dk rsm; rSm rcHEkdifavmufatmifjzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf olemjyK&[ef;rsm; wjznf; jznf;pJoGm;onf/ temawGu ykyfa[mifae ojzih f wd ó trnf & if ; aysmuf í yl w d * wå wdó ykyfa[mifaeaom wdóukd,fawmfBuD; [kyif tac:cHae&onf/ jrwfAk'¨onf wdóukd,fawmfBuD; owif;ukd Mum;awmfrlonf/ &[ef;BuD;\'ku© ukd *E¨muk#DwdkufawmfwGif;uyif jrifawmfrl onf/ xkdYaMumihf wdó&[ef;BuD;tm; jyKpk &ef wpfyg;wnf; xGuf<uawmfrlonf/ rD;wif; ukwfodkYa&mufvQif a&aEG;BuKd\/ npfayae aom tdk;cGufwkdYukd ukd,fwkdif wkdufcRwfawmfrl \/ a&aEG;usKd&if; acwåapmihfqkdif;aeonf/ a&aEG;&aomtcg vufawmfjzihf yGwfoyfay; onf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ jrwfAk'¨a&muf&SdaeaMumif; &[ef;wdkY odoGm;onf/ 0kdif;tkHvmMu\/ olem&[ef;BuD; tm; ukwifESihfwuG rç,lNyD; rD;wif;ukwfqD ,loGm;Muonf/ jrwfAk'¨u o&ufacgufrsm;ukd cGmckdif;onf/ a&aEG;wGifjyKwfonf/ a&maESm jyKwf x m;aomzef & nf r sm; &vmaomtcg temrsm;ukd zef&nfaq;ay;onf/ ouFef;rsm; ajcmufaoGUaomtcg jyefvnfvrT ;f NcKaH y;onf/ ol e m&[ef ; BuD ; rS m uk d , f v uf o ef Y p if u m vef;qef;aeonf/ ukwifay:wGif acGacGuav; vJavsmif;aeonf/ xif ; wk H ; yrm- uk d , f c E¨ m jrwfA'k o ¨ nf olem&[ef;Bu;D \ acgif; &if ; wG i f &yf v suf ]]cspfom;wdó qHyif? arG;n§i;f ? ajconf;? vufonf; ponhf (32) aum|motpk t yk H w d k Y j zih f xk H ; zG J U xm;aom þcE¨mum; tcsnf;ESD;aom xif;wkH;ozG,f jzpf\/ touf0dnmOfuif;rJhaom oif\cE¨m onf r[myx0Dajrjyifxuf0,f yufvuf vJavsmif;&rnfomjzpf\}} [k w&m;pum; `rGufMum;onf/ yl w d * wå w d ó &[ef ; BuD ; onf a'oemt,OfwiG f ÓPfpOfrw S u f m tmoa0g ukefuif;onhf &[EÅmjzpfoGm;onf/ 0rf ; a&m*gonf & [ef ; tvm;wljzpf&yf&Sdao;onf/ 0rf; a&m*gonf&[ef;taMumif;jzpf\/ wpfcgu &[ef;wpfyg; 0rf;a&m*g jzpfonf/ omrefrQr[kwf? olwpfyg;rjyKpkcsif avmuf a tmif 0rf ; tBud r f B ud r f a vsmum npfywfayusHaeonf/ jyKpkolr&Sdojzihf wpfyg; wnf; tdyf&may:vJaeonf/ jrwfAk'¨onf olem&[ef;&S&d modYk <uawmfro l nf/ a&mufvQi-f Ak'¨ - ]]&[ef; rnfonhfa&m*gjzpfaeoenf;}} olem - ]]0rf;a&m*gjzpfaeygonfbk&m;}} Ak'¨ - ]]jyKpkolr&Sdbl;vm;}} olem - ]]r&Sdygbk&m;}} Ak'¨ - ]]bmaMumifhr&Sd&ovJ}} olem - ]]wynfhawmfu b,folYukdrS rulnD cJhygbk&m;? 'gaMumifh wynhfawmfukd b,folrS rjyKpkyg}} jrwfAk'¨onf pum;qufvuf rrdefY `rGufawmhbJ t&SiftmeE´mt; a&cyfckdif;um olemtm; ukd,fawmfwkdif a&avmif;ay;onf/ t&S i f t meE´ m u yG w f o yf a q;aMumonf / oefYpifaomtcg jrwfAk'¨u OD;acgif;bufrS? t&SiftmeE´mu ajc&if;bufrS ukdif,lum anmifapmif;ay:wifay;onf/

xkdYaemuf &[ef;wdkYukd pka0;apí Mo0g'pum; rdefYMum;onf/ omoemwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmolrSeforQrSm rdb[lí r&SdMu awmhay/ wpfyg;ESiw fh pfyg; ,kid ;f yif;íom ae& onf/ xkdYaMumifh tcsif;csif; jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf &rnf[k wm0eftoD;oD; csrSwfay;onf/ olemwdkY vkdufem&rnhfwm0ef? olem jyKwYkd xm;&rnfph w d x f m;/ q&mESiw fh ynhf tcsi;f csif ; tay: xm;&rnh f w m0ef w d k Y j zpf o nf / xkw d m0efEiS fh pdw"f mwfxm;ykw H rYkd mS ,aeY aq;½kH aq;cef;? olemjyKq&m0efwdkY vkdufemusihfokH; tyfonhf twk,lzG,frsm;jzpfaeayonf/ cE¨ m ab;rS acwå t em;,l M u jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf txuf y gtwk d i f ; pufqkwf&GH&SmzG,f&m olemrsm;ukdyif r&GHUr&Sm jyKpk&Smonf/ tm;ay;oihfolrsm;ukdvnf; tm; ay;pum;ajymMum;um a&m*grS xajrmufapcJh onf/ cE¨m\'ku©um; BuD;rm;vS\/ a&m*g uif;í use;f rmaecsed w f iG f rodom/ avmuBu;D ukd aysmfp&mxifrSwf í NyKH;yef;wa0a0jzihf cHpm;aeMuonf/ rusef;rmí emrusef;jzpfvm aomtcgwGifum; usef;rma&;qkvmbfBuD;\ wefzkd;ukd odvm&awmhonf/ rusef;rmrS cE¨m \0efxkyf0efykd;obm0ukd odEkdifMuonf/ t&d,molawmfpifwdkYtaejzihfum; cE¨ m \'k u © u k d xm0pOf qif j cif r d M uonf / tem*grfESihf &[EÅmwdkYonf ½kyfcE¨mBuD;\'ku© oabmukd qifjcifrdMuojzihf eda&m"ormywf ac: acwåNidrf;at;jcif;jzihf cE¨m0efxkyfukd jzKwfcsavh&Sdonf/ 7-&ufrQMum\/ xku d mvtwGi;f todpw d rf sm;? cHpm; pdwrf sm; yg0ifonhf emrfw&m;wdNYk ird ;f aeNy/D pdwf aMumifjh zpfay:aom ½kyw f v Ykd nf; acwå&yfqidk ;f aeonf/ cE¨mukd,fBuD;onf oufrJht0dnm Pu ½kyfwkH;BuD;jzpfaeonf/ xkdtcsdeftwGif; cE¨mukd,ftm; rnfonhfab;tEÅ&m,frQ rus a&mufEkdifay/ þodkY cE¨mukd,fBuD;ukd acwåcP at;Nird ;f cGi&hf atmif jyefvyk Ef idk af omfvnf; tpOf xm0& at;Nird ;f atmifum; rnforl Q rwwfprG ;f Ekid af y/ jrwfA'k u ¨ , dk af wmfwidk v f nf; ruse;f rrm jzpf&\/ usefaomyk*¾KdvfwdkYtwGufum; qkdzG,f &mr&Sdawmh/ jrwfAk'¨ rusef;rmaomtcg t&Sif pk E ´ v k d y k * ¾ K d v f u aAmZÑif w &m; a[mjy&\/ xkdtcg owd? 0D&d,? ynm ponfrsm; topf topfjzpfay:vmum tema&m*grS xajrmuf awmfrl\/ ZD0uvdk orm;awmfu aq;0g;

11

wkdufauR;&\/ ukoay;&\/ t&S i f r [muóyemrusef ; jzpf wynho f m0uBu;D rsm; ruse;f rmaom tcgwGifvnf; ukd,fawmfwkdif <ua&mufí aAmZÑifw&m;ukdyif a[mMum;onf/ wpfcgu t&Sifr[muóyukd,fawmfBuD;onf 0dyÜvd vdP k *f w l iG f jyif;jyif;xefxef ruse;f rmjzpfonf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf <ua&muf í owif ; pum; ar;jref;onf/ ]]ih g &S i f u óy oih f a &m*gawG wdk;wufaeoavm? qkwf,kwfoufomoGm;NyD avm}}/ t&Sifr[muóyu ]]t&Sifbk&m; wynhfawmf&JU a&m*ga0'emwdkYrSm qkwf,kwf oGm;jcif;r&Sd? ykdíykdíom qkd;vmygonf? qkwf ,kwfcsifonhfoabm rawGU&yg? ykdíqkd;vm onhf oabmom xifaeygonf}} [k avQmuf xm;onf/ jrwfAk'¨u ]]uóy igonf aAmZÑif ckepfyg;w&m;udk a[mMum;xm;NyD;NyD? xkdw&m; rsm;ukd yGm;rsm;u a&m*ga0'emwdkY avsmus aysmufuif;vdrfhrnf}} [k rdefYonf/ t&S i f a rm*¾ v mef E S i h f t&S i f p k E ´ jrwfAk'¨ a0VK0efausmif;awmfwGif oD w if ; ok H ; aeck d u f j zpf \ / t&S i f a rm*¾ v mef rax&fjrwfBuD;onf *dpÑuk#fawmifü jyif;xef pGm rusef;rrmjzpfonf/ jrwfAk'¨ukd,fawmfwdkif <ua&mufum aAmZÑifw&m;awmfukdyif a[m Mum;onf/ a&m*ga0'emvnf; aysmufuif; onf/ t&SifpkE´rax&fvnf; tvm;wl rusef; rrmjzpf & m aAmZÑif w &m;awmf u k d jrwf A k ' ¨ a[mMum;awmf r l o nf / tema&m*gvnf ; uif;pifoGm;onf/ y&d w f B uD ; 11 ok w f txif r ao;ES i h f jrwfAk'¨a[mMum;onfh aAmZÑifckepf yg;rSm y&dwfBuD; 11 okwfteuf aAmZÑ*Fokwf wGif yg0ifaom owd? ynm? 0D&, d ? yDw?d yó'¨?d orm"d? Oayu©mwdkYyifjzpfonf/ y&dwfBuD; 11 okwfukd tcsKdUu i,fpOfuyif Mum;emaecJh& aomaMumifh omref[k oabmxm;aeMuonf/ trSefrSm y&dwfBuD; 11 okwfvm okwftrsm;pk rSm bk&m;a[m {uefrku©ygXfawmfrsm; jzpf onf/ þwGifvnf; owd ponhf aAmZÑif w&m;wdu Yk dk yGm;rsm;aomf owdtm;? orm"dtm;? ynmtm;wdkY &Tifvef;wuf<uvmojzihf a&m*g aysmufuif;jcif;jzpfonf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf þod k Y "r® a q;jzih f a&m*gwdu Yk dk aysmufuif;apouJo h Ykd yuwdaq; 0g;"mwfpmwdkYukd azmfñTef;í a&m*gukoay;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

12

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

onhf om"uwdu Yk kd 0de,yd#uwfawmfü awGU& ayonf/ 0J B uD ; pG J a om t&S i f a Av|oD o wpfcg t&SiftmeE´m\ OyZÑm,f q&mawmf t&SifaAv|oDo 0JBuD;a&m*gpGJ onf/ 0JemrS xGuaf om aoG;jynfwrkYd mS ouFe;f wdkYrSm uyfaeonf/ &[ef;rsm;u a&ESL;um cGm ay;&onf/ a&m*grSm aq;rawGU? raysmufEkdif/ jrwfAk'¨ Mum;odawmfrl&mrS a&m*gaysmufap onhf aq;enf;ukd ñTefjyawmfrlonf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ ñT e f j yaomaq;rsm; wpfcgu &[ef;wpfyg;tm; wapä ol&J yl;uyfonf/ xkdodkY yl;uyfaomtcg om; owf½kHokdYoGm;í aoG;pdrf;om;pdrf;wdkYukd pm;vkd

onhf a&m*gjzpfonf/ jrwfAk'¨ odaomtcg oGm;cGihfjyKawmfrlonf/ wpfcgu a0VK0efausmif;awmfwGif wefaqmifrkef;vtcg Owkemjzpfonf/ avrkd; jyif;xefrIaMumifh tpm;taomuf rpm;EkdifMu/ ,m*k a omuf v Qif y if jyef t ef x G u f M u\/ wjznf;jznf; tom;ta&rsm; cef;ajcmufvm onf/ t½kd;ay: ta&wifjzpfMuonf/ jrwfAk'¨ Mum;odawmfrl&m vG,fulaomaq;vnf;jzpf?

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COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

Ak'b ¨ mom0ifoal wmfpiftaygif;wdo Yk nf? rdrw d u Ykd siv f nfaeMu &aom aeY p Of v l r I b 0ü? vl r I a &;&mtjzmjzmaom wm0ef r sm;ud k rxrf;aqmif MurD eHeufapmapmtdyf,mxtNyD; wpfBudrf? ntdyf,m r0ifrDwpfBudrf? wpfaeYESpfBudrfus bk&m;&Sdcdk;ylaZmfavh&SdMuygonf/ xdkuJhodkY bk&m;&Sdcdk;ylaZmfMuaomtcg bkef;awmfteEÅ? ÓPf awmfteEÅ? uHawmfteEÅ? pMu0VmurÇmajrrd;k jzef;jzef;usKd ;rQ wefc;kd awmf teEÅwdkYESifh jynhfpHkawmfrlaom? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ t&[Htp b*0g tqHk;&Sdawmf rlaom (9) yg;aom *kPfawmfwdkYudk owdw& atmufarh Muvsuf yGm;rsm;qifjcifMuavh&SdMuygonf/ þAk'E¨ ó k wdbm0emonf aeYpOfeeH ufn bk&m;&Scd ;kd ylaZmfavh &SMd uygaom Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;twGuf tvGeyf ifv, G u f al om bm0emur® |mef;jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfygí rdrd ,cka&;om;ylaZmfvkduf&ygaom t&[Hyk'f wpfv;kH udk ydik ;f jcm;pdwjf zmavhvm&if;jzihf jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; MunfnKd o'¨g txl;yGm;vsuf ylaZmfouúm&jyKvu dk &f ygonf/ tvm;wl "r®0&D "r®rmru olawmfpify&dowftaygif;wdkYtm;vnf; rdrduJhodkY ylaZmfouúm&jyKEdkifMu yg&ef atmufwGifazmfjytyfygonf/ t&[H y k ' f \ teuf t "d y Ü m ,f r sm; (1) t&[H q d k o nf u m;o'´genf;t& ]]tm&um}} [laomyk'frS NyD;aomyk'fjzpfonf/ ]]tm&um}} o'´gonf ta0;[laom teufudka[m\/ udavomwdkYrS a0;awmfrlaomaMumifh? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrlyg\/ (2) ud a vom&a,m[ewD w d t&a[maoG 0 t&[H ud a vomwnf ; [l a om&ef o l u d k owf o uf a omaMumih f ? ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrlyg\/ (3) oH o m&puú ó tma&[ewD w d t &a[maoG 0 t&[H oHom&puf\ (bD;BuD;\) axmuftuefYwdkYudk zsufqD;awmf rlwwfaomaMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrlyg\/ þü cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf tqufrjywfjzpfaom xdw k &m;wd\ Yk tpOftwef;onf ]]oHo&m}} rnf\/ xdkoHo&mudk bD;[k wifpm;\/ xdkoHo&mbD;um; b0oHk;yg; &xm;Bu;D \ bD;wnf;/ xdo k o H &mbD;ü? t0dZmÆ ? b0wPSmum; yHak wmif; (ya'gif;) jzpf\/ ocFg&um; axmuftuefYjzpf\/ Z&mr&Pum; tuGyfwuljzpfNyD;? tmo0ork',wdkYum; 0if½dk;jzpfav\/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf oHo&mbD;[lonf terw*¾oHo&m0#fjzpf onf/ xdo k o H &mbD;ü t0dZmÆ um; yHak wmif; (ya'gif;) jzpf\/ Z&mr&P um; tuGyfwuljzpf\/ <uif;aomy#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; (10) yg;um; axmuftuefwdkY jzpfav\/ (4) pD 0 &m'd y pö a , yl Z m0d a ooÍö t&[wD w d t &[H ouFe;f tp&Sad om ypön;f wdu Yk v dk nf;aumif;? o[rÜwjd A[®m\ jrihfrdk&fawmifyrmP&Sdaom &wemyef;uHk;BuD;jzihf ylaZmfjcif;tp&Sdaom ylaZmftxl;udkvnf;aumif;? cH,lawmfrlxdkufaomaMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnf awmfrlyg\/ t&[EÅrnfyg\/ (5) ew¬ d & a[m tómwd t &a[m tuk o d k v f j yKjcif ; iS m qd w f u G , f & mr&S d a omaMumih f ? (0g) qdwfuG,f&müyif tukodkvfjyKawmfrrlaomaMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnfawmf rlyg\/ þonfhteuft"dyÜm,fwdkYum; 0dok'¨dr*f? yxrtkyf? 192-5/

13

0de,yd#uwfyg&mZduPfygVdawmf? t|uxm? ytkyf? 84-87 ESihf 0dok'¨d r*f r[m#Dum? 219- 225 wdkYü jyxm;aom t&[HteufNyD;yHkrsm;jzpfyg onf/ r[m#D u mü jyxm;aom t&[H t euf a y;yH k r sm; (1) tm&umo'´ g ta0;udk a[m\/ olawmfaumif;r[kwaf omolwrYkd S a0;aom aMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnf\/ (2) tm&umo'´ g teD;[laomteufudkvnf; a[m\/ olawmfaumif;wkdYESihf eD;aomaMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnf\/ (3) om"k[d- 'l&awm &[dwAÁm y&dpöZdwAÁm y[mwAÁm wd & [m olawmfaumif;wdkYonf a0;pGmpGefYy,ftyf? pGefYy,fxdkufaom aMumihf? &m*tp&Sdaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYonf ]]&[}} rnfukef\/ ewd ¦ & [m {wómwd t&a[m aoG 0 t&[H olawmfaumif;wkdYpGefYy,ftyf pGefYy,fxkdufaom ]]&m*}} tp&Sd aom tukokdvfw&m; r&SdaomaMumifh ]]t&[H}}rnf\/ (4) &[EÅ d y&d p ö Z EÅ D w d &[m ½dak oav;pm;jcif;r&Sd pGeyYf ,ftyfaomolwo Ykd nf ]]&[}} rnf\/ ew¬ d & [m {wómwd t &a[maoG 0 t&[H t&d,molawmfaumif;? uvsmPykxkZOfolawmfaumif;wdkY tNrq J nf;uyftyfonhw f u G ?f rqnf;uyfo?l a&SmifMuOforl &Sad omaMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrlyg\/ (5) &[PH - y&d p ö Z eH &a[m ,cifazmfjycJhNyD;aom yk*¾dKvfxl;wdkY\ pGefYjcif;? rqnf;uyfjcif; Bud,monf ]]&[}} rnf\/ ew¬d&a[m {wómwd t&a[maoG0 t&[H/ t&d,myk*¾dKvf? uvsmPykxkZOfwdkY\ rqnf;ruyf pGefYy,fjcif; r&SdaomaMumihf (tNrJqnf;uyfjcif;&SdaomaMumihf) ]]t&[H}} rnfav\/ (6) &[PH - 0reH & a[m? ew¬ d & a[m emem*wD o k ? y&d A Ç r e ocF g wH ? oH o ma& *reH ? {wómwd t&a[m aoG 0 t&[H / txl;xl;aom*wdwüYkd vSnv fh nfjcif;[kqt kd yfaom oHo&mü oGm;jcif;r&SdaomaMumihf? ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrlyg\/ (7) t&["mwf y pö n f ; csD;rGrf;jcif;teufüjzpfaMumif;jzihf o'´gq&mwkdYqdk\/ t&[D , aw yoH o d , awwd t&a[m aoG 0 t&[H (t&[- "mwf- typönf;) csD;rGrf;tyfaomaMumihf? ]]t&[H}} rnf\/ þonfwdkYum; r[m#Dum yxrtkyf? pmrsufESm 225 rS 228 txdwGif jyqdktyfaom ]]t&[H}} \ teuft"dyÜm,fzGihfqdkyHkrsm; jzpfyg onf/ r[m#D u mES i h f t|uxmenf ; t&[H t euf E S i h f yk ' f N yD ; yH k r sm; (1) t&a[m a,m*sypö a epk b l " mwG w ¬ o *F [ qdkygaomaMumihf t&["mwf (bl- pk) ylaZmfjcif;teufudk &nf&G,fí ]]oa'0 rEkaóe avmaue t&[d,aw ylZd,awwd t&a[maoG0t&[H}} vlewfjA[®m owå0gtaygif;onf ylaZmftyfaom aMumifh ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrlyg\/ (2) tbd 0 g'eH axmreÍö ? 0E´ e Íö yoH o eH /

DHAMMA DEW

14

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

bk&m;*kPfawmf atmufarhyGm;rsm;jcif;aMumihf &tyfaom tusKd;w&m; rsm; cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; ) bk&m;*kPfawmfrsm;udk atmufarhyGm;rsm;jcif;aMumihf &&Sdtyf aomtusKd;w&m;rsm;udk 0dok'd¨r*f t|uxm? yxrtkyfwGif avhvm rSwfom;&ygonf/ £rÍö y e Ak ' ¨ g Ek ó wd tEk , k a wå m bd u © K (1) owå&d o*g&a0ga[mwd oyÜwdaóm (2) o'¨ga0ykv’ (3) owd a0ykv’ (4) ynma0ykv’ (5) yna0ykv’Íö t"d*pöwd (6) yDwdygarmZÆA[kavma[mwd (7) b,ab&0oa[m (8) 'ku©m"d0goe oraw¬m (9) ow¬&m oH0go onH y#dCmwd (10) Ak'*¨ P k m Ekówd,m tZÑm0kwÍå ó ö o&D&rdadÜ pwD, C&rd0 ylZm&[Ha[mwd (11) Ak'¨blrd,H pdwåH erwd (12) 0D w d u ú rd w å A Á 0 w¬ K orma,m a*pó or® K cgow¬ m &H yó awm 0d , [d a &mwå y Ü H ypöKy|mwd (13) Owå & d t yÜ # d 0d Z ÑaEÅ m ye ok * wd y&m,aPm a[mwd/ (0dok'd¨? |? ytkyf? 206) bk & m;*k P f a wmf atmuf a rh y G m ;rsm;ygu (1) bk&m;ü ½dkaovGefuJvm\ (2) o'¨gwdk;yGm;\

owdwdk;yGm;\ ynmwdk;yGm;\ ukokdvfwdk;yGm;\ 0rf;ajrmufyDwdjzpfrIrsm;\ aMumufzG,fvefYzG,fonf;cHEkdif\ qif;&Jjcif;udk BuHUBuHUcdkifEkdif\ bk&m;ESihftwlae&onf[k pGJrSwf\ Ak'g¨ *kPaf wmf xHrk rT ;f tyfaomaMumihf cE¨mud, k o f nf apwD uJhodkY ylaZmfxdkuf\ (11) bk&m;jzpfvdk pdwfñTwf\ (12) vGefusL;p&m 'kp½dkuftcGihfBuHKaomf Ak'¨rsufarSmuf awmfrSm ae& ouJhodkY jzpfí [d&dMowåyÜmjzpfyGm;\ (13) r*fzdkvfr&bJ b0ajymif;aomf vlewfb0odkYom a&muf&\/ þtusKd;(13) csufjzpfygonf/ bk&m;*kPfawmfudk ESvHk;oGif;ygu &m*? a'go? arm[ x<u aom pdwrf jzpf[o l nfh 0do'k r¨d *fygVdawmf t|uxmt& tusK;d oH;k yg;udk vnf; xyfrHjyqdk&m\/ tNid r f ; oH k ; yg; tyG m ;ig;oG , f a pwD E S , f tNird ;f oH;k yg;? tyGm;ig;oG,?f apwDE, S w f nf;? aMumufz, G u f if; y? jrwfA'k E¨ iS ?fh wuGaebd? onm&S\ d ? [d&Md owåy?f tNru J yfí uif;vyfyg y? 'kpö&wnhf? 'ku©awGU&m? onf;cHumESihf? jrwfpGmAk'¨? MunfndKvS\?

Ak'¨qkBuD;? tpOfrSD;vsuf? aumif;csD;jyK&m? vlwdkY&GmrS? csrf;om&dyfNrHK? ewf wdkYbHkodkY? cdkvHIpHrSD;? tusKd;NyD;onf? tHhcsD;zG,fy Ak'¨*kPf/ cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

eróeÍö ylZÍö? oAÁHt&[ oDwk*H/ Ak'0¨ ifygVdawmfEiS t fh nD ]]wd0"d 0d E´eH 'k0"d H yoHoÍöyZl Íö oAÁeH yd pö um&H t&[wDwd}} t&[HoHk;yg; tjym;&Sdaom &Sdcdk;jcif;ESpfyg;tjym;&Sd aom csD;rGrf;jcif;? yef;eHYomponfjzihf ylaZmfjcif;[laom tvHk;pHkaom t½dktaojyKjcif;ajcmufyg;udk cH,ljcif;iSmxdkufawmfrlaomaMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnf\/ (3) A[kZe[dwm, A[kZe okcg,? avmutEkurÜm , tw¬ m ,/ [d w m, ok c g, a'0rEk ó meH ? t&wd * pä w d y0wå w D wd t a&m/ rsm;pGmaomowå0gwdkY\ tpD;tyGm;tvdkYiSm? csrf;omjcif;iSm? avmuudk tpOfapmifha&Smufjcif;iSm? ewfvlwdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGm;csrf;om jcif;tvdiYk mS jzpfwwfyiG w fh wfazmfaqmifawmfrw l wfaomaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ]]t&}} rnfawmfrl\/

teEÅ * k a P[d - tH [ ,wd 'd A Á w D w d t a[m tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r&Sdaom *kPfawmfwdkYjzihf xGef;ywwfaom aMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]t[}} rnf\/ ta&mpaom ta[mpmwd t &a[m aoG 0 t&[H vlewfjA[®m owå0gwdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGm;csrf;omjcif;tvdkYiSm owåavmuudk tpOfoem;apmihaf &Smufjcif;iSm jzpfawmfyiG afh wmfrw l wf? teEÅ*P k af wmfwjYkd zihf wifw h ,fxeG ;f ywwf? þESp&f yfaomtaMumif;aMumihf ]]t&[H}} rnfawmfrl\/ þodkYponftm;jzihf t&[H\teufudk? yxr (12) csuf? ,ck (3) csuf? aygif; (15) csuf rSwf,lí? ]]t&[H}} wpfyk'fwnf;jzihf jrwfpmG bk&m;\*kPaf wmftaygif;wdu Yk kd ydik ;f jcm;pdwjf zm avhvmum ylaZmf MunfndKMu&monf/

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15

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VISION OF DHAMMA

16

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DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

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cGef;onf nDrQ\/ uREfkyfwdkY *gxmwpf*gxm&Gwfaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m; onf (128) *gxm &GwfqdkawmfrlNyD;jzpfonf/ (rlv yPÖmo? t|uxm? oD[em'- 358) (9) ta0;üwnf&Sdaomyk*¾dKvftm; w&m;a[mMum;vdkaomf tydwt f yiftqD;twm;r&Sad tmif tvif;a&mifuv kd w T af wmfrNl y;D aemuf igbk&m;tm;jrifapownf;[k t"d|mefjyKzefqif;awmfrlNyD;í xdkyk*¾dKvf a&SUü wnfaeouJhodkY w&m;a[mMum;awmfrl\/ ("r®y'? t|uxm vmZmewforD;0w¬K) jrwfpmG bk&m;onf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrv l suyf if? xdkvmZmewforD;\ idka<u;aomtoHudkMum;awmfrlí tvif;a&mifudk jzefYusufí ewforD;\ rsufarSmufa&SUwnfhwnfhü xdkifawmfrlvsuf a[mbd o uJ h o d k Y ]]yk n aÍö y k & d a om u,d & m}} tpcsD a om*gxmud k a[mMum;awmfrl\/ vmZmewforD;onf av;q,hfig;,lZemjrihfaom aumif;uifxufüwnfvsuf w&m;awmfem,l&if; aomwmyeftjzpfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;av\/ ("r®y'? |? 'ktkyf? 6-7) þonfwkdYonf jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;a[mMum;awmfrl&mü BuHKawGU&onhf xl;jcm;tHhzG,fawmfjzpf&yfqef;rsm;yifjzpfonf/ xl ; jcm;tH h M ozG , f jzpf & yf q ef ; rsm; (1) toHawmfonf oef&Y iS ;f om,mvGeo f o d m emzG,rf jyefaY y:/ vHk;eufyJhwif t|tif jrwf&SiftoHawmf/ (t*Fg&Spfyg;ESihf jynhfpHkí om,memaysmfzG,f&Sdjcif;) (tbd"mef? #Dum? edó,) (2) w&m;emy&dowf&Sdoavmuf toHawmfaygufa&mufysHUESHU jcif;/ (3) w&m;oHonf y&dowf\tjyifbufodkY rxGufjcif;/ (4) y&dowftm;vHk;onf rdrda&SUü jrwfpGmbk&m; xif&Sm;pHae awmfrlonf[k xifrSwfjcif;/ (y&dowftm;vHk; teD;uyf zl;awGUae&ouJhodkY xifjcif;) (5) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ihgudkom Munhfawmfrlaeonf[k y&dowftm;vHk;wdkY toD;oD;xifrSwfjcif;/ (6) jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ihgudo k m w&m;a[maeonf[k xifrw S f jcif;/ (7) jrwfpmG bk&m;onf rm*"bmomjzihf a[mMum;aomfvnf;? w&m;em,laeMuolwdkYonf rdrdwdkYqkdif&mbmompum;jzihf a[may;aeonf[k xif&avmufatmif? rdrdwdkYbmom pum;jzihf em;vnfjcif;/ (8) a&TEIwfoH vsifjrefoavmuf acsmarmajyjypfjcif;/ (9) ta0;üwnfaomyk*¾dKvftm; w&m;a[mMum;vdkaomf tydwftyiftqD;twm;r&Sd&atmif jrifapownf;[k zefqif;Ny;D rS xdyk *k Kd¾ v\ f a&SUü ud, k w f ikd af [maebdouJo h Ykd pmrsuf E S m 19 ok d Y

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

18

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þodaYk r;jref;vsuu f emvHrxlEidk af tmif xí ESyd pf ufniS ;f yef; rIudk jyKav&m\/ jyif y a<u; ray;vnf ; & ay;vnf ; &\ wpfzef NyHK;csdKcsKdudk rBudKufxif&JU awG;xifum...l avmuü.... £a`E´qnf wnfwnfyif aejyrdacsaomf... tay:,HaMumrQjzpfaom aiGaMu;"e tacs; tiSm;wdkYum; bmvJ igYudkrauseyfvdkY rIefukyfukyf vkyfaewmvm; vlvlcsif;wifonfh vla<u;rsm;om jzpfMu&m.... þodkY ar;jref;vsufuyif xdkYxuf jyif;jyif; nSif;&m\/ auseyfu - at; xdkyrmvQif rauseyfrS-a<u;wnf;/ þapwem a<u;NrD;rsm;onfvnf; auseyfvQifvnf; auseyf tcsif;csif; pum;rsm;&efjzpfjcif;? *gwfrsm;? ½Hk;rsm;? axmifrsm; onf h t avsmuf yifBudKuf apwemu BudKufpGJpGJaeojzihf wif&Sdaernf txd vdkufygajz&Sif;Mu&jcif;? axmifuscH&jcif;rsm;onf rauseyf&mrS om/ rauseyfvQifum; qdkzG,f&m r&SdNyD/ ay:aom trIrsm;csnf;wnf;/ þOyrmudk axmufcsifhvsufu.... rdbESihfom;orD; nDtpfudk armifESr rdwfaqG polwdkYüum; wpfzufm; auseyfonfjzpfap rauseyfonfjzpfap auseyfMuaomaMumihf a<u;[líyif rrSwfMuNyD/ (u) rodonfhtvdkuf rdrd\ udk,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;wdkYjzihf avmuü wif&Sdonfh xdktay:,H vla<u;rsm;onf arwåm rysufpD;jcif;? oem;vQif n§mwmjcif;? cspfzG,fxifvQif cspfpdwf0ifjcif; jyKrdrSm;aom 'kp½dkufq,fyg; apwemtrSm;/ (c) BudKufonfhtvdkuf rdrd\ udk,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;wdkY rsm;jzpfyGm;aejcif;aMumifh xdkpdwfrsm;\ aemufuG,f0,f cGihfvTwfjcif;[l jzihf jyKrdrSm;aom 'kp½dkufq,fck apwemrSm;,Gif;rI? aom oabm"r®wm tNrJyg&Sdvsuf ae&m\/ (*) rBudKufonfhtvdkuf rdrd\ ukd,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;wdkY txufu qdkcJhNyD; b00#fa<u;wdkYrSmrlum;...

ES i h f jyKrd r S m ;aom 'k p ½dkufq,frsKd; apwemtqdk;wdkYum; tusKd;ay;csdef twGif;ü cdkatmif;aeaom apwema<u;rsm;yif jzpfMu&m tvSnhf&vmaom xdkwpfaeY...

-vlvlcsif; r[kwf apwem apwemcsif;omwnf;? xdk rdrad pwemt&if;cHtwkid ;f yif jyefvnfum cHpm;Mu&rnfrmS -vlvlcsif;odkY bGmcwfí r& apwem apwemcsif; ay;acs "r® w m[l í oabmaygufcJhMu&m\/ rSwnf;/ wpfzufu awmif;onfr[kwf rdrdapwemu jyefawmif;ae t&Sifr[m arm*¾vmef\ a<u;? rnfolawmif;í ay;&ovJ jcif;wnf;? rdrdapwemaMumihfjzpfaom xdkb00#fa<u;rsm;um; rdrd udavom0#fonf vGefusL;rI ur®0#fodkY em;ouf\/ vGefusL;aepOfwkef;uyif cGihfvTwfjcif;[laom oabm"r®wm uif;y ur®0#fonfum; tusKd;ay;rI 0dygu0#fodkY xdk;qdkuf\/ aeNyDjzpfaomaMumihf rnfolurQ cGihfvTwfí r&paumi;fNyD/ txufu txufyg0#fvnfywfrI\ oabm"r®wmwdkYodkYvdkufí a<u;NrD NrdKcsavorQ atmufodkYusrnfum; "r®wm r[kwfavm/ tm;vHk;yif wpfzufom;wdkY vma&mufawmif;cHí ay;qyf&onfcsnf; r[kwfacs/ rdrdapwem\ ur®efd,mrtwdkif; ay;qyfMu&onfvnf; NyH K ;wpf z J h rJ h w pf c g 'kEiS afh ';yif/ xdkapwem a<u;NrD;rsm;onfum; t&Sifr[marm*¾vmefudk,fawmfjrwf\ umVDausmufzsmxuf vlvlcsif;u tBudKufusMuí ausauseyfeyf cGihfjyKaom 0,f cd;k om;ig;&mwd\ Yk pdpn d ufnuf xkEu S o f wfyw k rf u I kd cHawmfr&l onf aMumihf jyKrdaomfvnf; BudKufa<u;tjzpf taw;cHxm;&av\/ tBudKufrusMu&mrS rausreyfjzihf jyKrlrdaomf rBudKufa<u; rSm rdcifBu;D u awmif;cHaom a<u;r[kw?f rdrad pwemrSwcf suu f twdkif;vQif taw;trSwf cHMu&avawmh\/ xkESufjcif;rQomwnf;/ cdk;om;ig;&mwdkYu vma&mufxkESufMuonf &efolYvuf0,fodkY a&muf&Sdaeol yrm&Sd\/ &efov Yl uf0,f&dS tzrf;cHorm;onfum; &eforl S oem;nSmwm r[kw/f uHtvSnhfusí 0dygufvdkufvmjcif;rQomwnf;/ apawmh[laom &nf&G,f½dk;&if;jzihf azmfa&GpGm NyHK;jyrdacsaomf odkYaMumihf 0efxrf;om;rsm;onf rif; igYudk ceJUwmvm;....

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ urÇmjh rpfajcmufemESiw fh al om'kp½du k t f qd;k þtukov dk t f jypf trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk... &dyfrdatmif Munhfwwf jrifwwfMuygav/ MunhfwwfvQifvnf; jrifwwfvSacsonf/ -om;qdk;trd wcsdcsdonf rdrdwif&SdcJhonfh b00#fa<u;/ -vif q d k ; r,m; wzm;zm;onf v nf ; rd r d w if & S d c J h o nf h b00#fa<u;yif/ þonfwdkYrSm.... rdrd\ ab;em;rSmyif wnf&SdaeMuygojzihf ,ckiJhMunhfu ,ckyifvQif awGU&Sd&rnfht&mrsm;yifwnf;/ a&aomuf j rpf y gaom opf y if a<u;NrDwpfrQif wif&SdvQif qyfvQif qyfrqHk;? a<u;NrDwdkYrnfonf wifrdvQif qyfí rqHk;awmhNyD/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf ta<u;[lu t&if;aemuf twdk;EIef; ygwwfaomaMumihf wnf;/ opfwpfyif\ t&Guf? tyGihf? toD;rsm;onf a&aomufjrpfrS yif vmbdokdY.... xdkYtwl rodBudKufjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? rodrdkufjzihfaomf vnf;aumif;? vGefusL;rdcJhaom 'kp½dkufqdk;rSeforQwdkYonf rodaumif; aumif;&mrSpGJaom BudKufpGJapwem\ rsKd;aphrSjzpf&m xdkapwem a& aomufjrpfonf b0ul;&mwdkif;vQif tpOfygí b0udk tusKd;ay;acs awmhonf/ xdkodkY b0tusKd;udk ay;&mü rdrdwdkY usL;vGefrdcJhaom apwemtwdkif;yif.... b0ork', b0'ku©wdkYvnf; a0qmaeawmhonf/ umrork', umr'ku©wdkYvnf; BuD;xGm;aeawmhonf/ rodqdk; qdk;cJhaom rBudKufpGJapwemonfvnf; xdkenf;twl yifvQif b0qdk;tusKd;qufudk rkcs &apawmhonf/ xdktusKd;qufrsm;\ tnGefYtwufrsm;ESihfwuGaom qdk;a<u; qdk;jypfrsm;pGmwdkYonfum; yrm...vloluif;aom awmwGif;0,f ajrESihf tpdk"mwfudk rSDítiftm;&Sd &Sdoavmuf aygufa&mufxdk;wufaeMuaom &Gufpdkawm BuD;rsm;uJhodkY vlYb0ü vlY'ku©trsKd;rsKd; wdk;í wufaeMuukef\/ vlrSwpfyg;aom tjcm;b0rsKd;wdkYüvnf; b0'ku©wdkYonf tcsdefESihfpyfí tcufpHk tvufpHkyif wdk;í wufaeMuukefav\/ aMumuf&GHU xdwfvefYjcif;? wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;jcif;ponfh 'ku© t00wdkYum; oGm;oGm;pm;pm; em;em;aeaeyif tdyfaomfrS pdwfcsvufcs rtdyfMu&&SmNyD/ vl Y y wf 0 ef ; usif a yguf tavh u sayguf w d k Y r S m rl u m; vl \ okwfoif&Sif;vif;ay;aerIudk tNrJcH,lMu&ay&m &SifaomfrSvnf; roef oefaomfrSvnf; rBuD;xGm;? BuD;xGm;aomfrSvnf; rwdk;wufbdokdY... vlYb0odkY a&muf&SDaeqJ tcgrsKd;wdkYwGifum; 0ef;usifodkY twk vdkufí jzpfap? ADZowådü nSyfygvmaom apwemaumif;wpfckck\ vHIUIaqmfrIaMumihfjzpfap? ay;urf;&ufa&mjcif; aumif;rIuH? apmihfpnf; jcif; aumif;rIuHwdkY\ ckcHwm;qD;rIudk cH&&m xdkraumif;rI 'kp½dkuf uHa[mif;rsm;udk wefYvsufuom iHhvifhaeMu&m\/

19

xd k &uf a &mjcif ; ? apmih f p nf ; jcif ; ? aumif ; uH w d k Y o nf ta[mif;\ raumif;uHrsm;udkvnf; qD;wm;okwfoifae\/ topf jzpfaprnfh raumif;uHrsm;udkvnf qD;wm;okwfoifae\/ xdktcGihf ta&;rsm;onf vlYb0a&mufrSom &EkdifpGrf;&Sdaom vlYb0\ tcGihfxl; rsm;wnf;/ vlYb0onf udavomudk y,fjrpfí 'kp½dkufudk owfEkdif\/ vl Y b 0onf 'k p ½d k u f u d k owf j zwf í tuk o d k v f u d k v nf ; y,fEkdif\/ xdkYaMumihfyif.... oAÁygyó tu&PH[laom pum; &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhjcif;wnf;/ raumif;rI rjyKusihfjcif;onf vlYb0\ tcGihfaumif;BuD;wpfckqdku rrSm;wef&mNyD/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) pmrsuf E S m 17 rS w&m;a[mMum;awmfrljcif;/ þodkYvQif xl;jcm;tHhzG,fjzpf&yfwdkYygaywnf;/ xl ; jcm;tH h z G , f & m Ak ' ¨ j rwf p G m Mwdavmu? EdIif;r&onhf? twkvxif&Sm;? jrwfbk&m;onf? w&m;a'oem? a[mav&mü? t*Fg&Spaf zmf? toHawmfjzih?f emaysmzf , G &f m? aumif;vSpGm\? emol&Sdoavmuf? toHa&mufí? vGefajrmufausmfoGm;? r&Sjd im;wnh?f bk&m;jrwfpmG ? ihga&SUrSmvQi?f ihgomMunhjf im;? a[m>rufMum; [k? trsm;ewfv?l xif&[l\? cGe;f usL>ruf[? rm*"jzih?f a[mjyaomfvnf;? vlcyJwdkY? tNrJavhvm? udk,hfbmomjzihf? rSefpGmraoG? od&ay\? a&TEIwf vQmrSm? oGuv f ufpmG jzih?f a'oemtoH? tpOfreS \ f ? a0;vH&yfjcm;? yk*Kd¾ vf rsm;tm;? w&m;a'oem? a[mvdkygrl? a&mif0g0if;vQyf? tvif;"mwfudk? vTwí f tNy;D ? jrifapownf;[k? apm"D;jrwfpmG ? zefqif;umvQi?f a'oem w&m;? a[mrdefYMum;onf? rSwfom;tHhzG,frqHk;wnf;/ pmud k ; / / (1) okwåefyd#uwf rZÑdryPÖmoESifh t|uxm/ t*Fkw¬dK&ft|uxm? "r®y'ESihft|uxm? tbd"mef#Dumedó,/ (2) rHk&Gmta&SUv,fwDwdkuf t*¾r[my@dw b'´EÅuk@v pD&ifaom r[mokw'DyeD? yxrwGJ/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) q&mBu;D OD;bcif ESp(f 40)jynfEh pS yf wfvnfaeYtxl;xkwrf *¾Zif;ESihf *kPjf yKpmtkyf xkwa f 0rnf

urÇmh0dyóem w&m;jyq&mBuD;? q&mBuD; OD;*kdtifum\ q&m? urÇ m h 0 d y óem w&m;jyq&mBuD ; ? q&mBuD ; OD ; bcif uG , f v G e f o nf h ES p f ( 40)jynf h ES p f y wf v nf a eY (19-1-2011) trSwfw&tjzpf tvuFm0wf&nfpmay (zkef;392507)u (eb,H0dZÆm "&? *rÇD&? okw? "r®r*¾Zif;)ukd 2011 ck E S p f ? Zef e 0g&D v wG i f q&mBuD ; OD ; bcif txl ; xk w f tjzpf *k P f j yKxk w f a 0rnf j zpf N yD ; ? jrif ; NcH p may (zk e f ; -253587)u pma&;q&mMunfvGif\ urÇmukd 0dyóemw&m; tvif;ay;cJhol? w&m;rD;tdrf&Sif? q&mBuD; OD;bcif(1899-1971) pmtkyfukd (1-12011)aeYwGif *kPfjyKxkwfa0rnfjzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdygonf/

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) 3-ed a &m"opö or® m 'd | d f Ó Pf tMuifb0ü pu©Kü wG,fwmaom wPSmavmbonf tNyD; csKyfNidrf;\? xdkb0rS aemufü pu©Konf wzefjzpfay:jcif; r&Sd? csKyfNidrf; \? pu©K\ 'PfcsufwdkYonf wpfzefjzpfay:jcif;r&Sd csKyfNidrf;ukef\/ aomw? Cme? Zd0Sm? um,? raemwdkYüvnf; xdkYtwljrifav? þodkY odjrifaom ÓPfonf 'ku©csKyfNidrf;rI trSefudk jrifaom or®m'd|dÓPf rnf\/ eda&m"opöm or®m'd|d t`rGwfNyD;\/ 4-r*¾ o pö or® m 'd | d Ó Pf tMuiftcg aumif;pGmyGm;rsm; tm;xkwo f jzihf pu©K\ obm0 udk aumif;pGmjrif\? pu©K\ 'PfcsufwdkYukd aumif;pGmjrif\? xdktcg ü pu©Kü wG,fwmaom wPSmavmbonf csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkY a&muf\/ aoonf r S a emuf ü pu© K onf csKyf N id r f ; jcif ; od k Y a &muf \ ? pu© K \ 'PfcsufwdkYonf csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkY a&mufukef\? aomw? Cme? Zd0Sm? um,? raemwdkYü vnf; xdkYtwljrifav? þodkY 'ku©\ Nidrf;aMumif; aumif;pGmyGm;rsm;tm; xkw&f ef vrf;rSeu f kd odjrifaom ÓPfonf 'ku\ © Nidrf;jcif;odkY ayguf a&mufaMumif;jzpfaom y#dywf vrf;rSefudkjrifaom or®m'd|dÓPfrnf\/ r*¾opö or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ pwkopö or®m'd|dt`rGwfNyD;\/ r*¾if&Spfyg;t&mü þpwkopöor®m'd|donf vkd&if;jzpfownf;/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|d? 'o0w¬Ku or®m'd|d? pwkopöor®m'd|d 3 yg;udk jyqdkcPf;NyD;NyD/ or® m ouF y Ü ed a '´ o or® m ouF y Ü 3 yg; aeu©rouFyÜ? tAsmyg'ouFyÜ? t0d[d H omouFyÜ? [laom or®mouFyÜ oHk;yg;wdkYwgif (1) aeu©rouFyÜqdkonfum; aumif;aomtqif;? aumif;aom toH? aumif ; aomteH Y ? aumif ; aom t&om? aumif ; aom txd tawGUrsKd;[laom umr*kPfig;yg;wdkYüvnf;aumif;? cE¨mig;yg;? ½kyfemrf w&m;wdkYüvnf;aumif;? wyfjcif;wG,fwmjcif;? pGJvef;jcif;udk y,fpGefYEkdif

(Continue from last week) Right Understanding of the Truth About the Cessation of Suffering When in any exitence, the tan.ha--lobha (craving) that is attached to the eye finally ceases, the eye does not arise again but finally ceases; and so also the oppression by the eye does not arise again and ceases finally. Ear, Nose, Tongue, Body and Mind should be regarded likewise.

(This knowledge which sees and understands real cessation of suffering is samma-dit.t.hi-n-a-n.a, the knowledge of the right understanding of the cessation of suffering.

This is the end of the exposition of Nirod-- sacca-samma--dit.t.hi).

The Right Understanding of the Truth About the Real Path Leading to the Cessation of Suffering When as a result of practice of the Dhamma and development of mind through meditation the true nature of the eye and the oppression by the eye are seen and understood, craving attached to the eye ceases in this life; it does not arise after death and consequently the oppression bye the eye ceases finally; Ear, Nose, Tongue, Body and Mind should be regarded likewise.

This knowledge which see and understand the true path leading to the cessation of suffering is the samma-dit.t.hi-n-a-n.a, knowledge of the right understanding of the path of conduct leading to the cessation of suffering.

This is the end of the exposition of magga-sacca-samma--dit.t.hi).

Here ends the brief exposition of catusaccasamma- -dit.t.hi.

In the matter of the "Noble Eightfold Path" this understanding of the Four Truths is the most essential.

The Exposition of Right Thinking There are three modes of Right Thinking.

They are: .

(1) Thoughts free from lust– (Nekkhamma san kappa) .

(2) Thoughts of good-will– (Abyapada sankappa) (3) Thoughts of compassion, Non- injuring– (Avihim. sa . sankappa)

.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. aom tavmb w&m;&Sd\/ xdktavmb w&m;ESihf,SOfaom tBuH tpnfrsKd;onf aeu©rouFyÜrnf\/ (2) vl? wd&pämef tp&Sdaom cyfodrf;aom owå0gwdkYü aumif;usKd; csrf;omudk vdkvm;aom arwåmw&m;onf &Sd\? xdkarwåmw&m;ESihf,SOf aom tBuHtpnfrsKd;onf tAsmyg'ouFyÜrnf\/ (3) cyford ;f aom 'kuw ©d owå0gwdu Yk kd oem;n§mwmwwfaom u½kPmm w&m;onf&Sd\? xdku½kPmw&m;ESihf ,SOfaom tBuHtpnf rsKd;onf t0d[d HomouFyÜrnf\/ or®mouFyÜ 3 yg;NyD;\/ or® m 0gpm ed a '´ o or® m 0gpm 4-yg; rkom0g'0d&wD? ydoP k 0gpm0d&wD? z½ko0gpm 0d&wD? oræyv æ m y 0d&wD[laom or®m0gpm 4 yg;wdkYwGif (1) rkom0g'0d&wDqo kd nfum; r[kwo f nfukd t[kw[ f í l ,lrw S af tmif ajymqdjk cif;? [kwo f nfukd r[kw[ f k ,lrw S af tmif ajymqdjk cif;onf rkom 0g' rnf\/ xdkrkom0g' vGwfuif;atmif MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf rkom0g' 0d&wDrnf\/ (2) ydoP k 0gpm 0d&wDqo kd nfum; tcsi;f csi;f ,HMk unfav;jrwfí aeMu ukefaom 2 OD;aom olwdkYudk t,HktMunftav;tjrwfysufatmif ajymqdjk cif;? pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;atmif ajymqdjk cif;? 2 OD;aomolw\ Ykd tMum;ü *Hk;wdkufjcif;onf ydokP0gpm rnf\/ xdkydokP0gpmrS MuOfa&Smifjcif; onf ydokP0gpm0d&wDrnf\/ (3) z½ko0gpm 0d&wDqo kd nfum; qJa&;vdak om a'gopdwjf zih?f olwpfyg; tm; trsK;d udk xdcu kd af tmif qdjk cif;? tEG,u f x kd cd u kd af tmifqjkd cif;? o@ef udk xdcdkufatmif qdkjcif;? tvkyftudkifudk xdcdkufatmif qdkjcif; tp &SdonfwdkYonf z½ko0gpmrnf\/ xdk z½ko0gpmrS MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf z½ko0gpm 0d&wDrnf\/ (4) avmuü qef;Mu,fpGm vkyfudkifí xm;Muukefaom &mrZmwf0w¬K? tDaemifZmwf0w¬K? aiGawmifZmwf0w¬K? bm&wZmwf0w¬K tp&Sdukef aom '@m&D0w¬KZmwfwdkYonf &Sdukef\/ xdkZmwf0w¬KwdkYü Mum;emaom olwdkYtm; tvdrfrm wdk;yGm;&ef twåESihf pyf,SOfaom pum; "r®ESihf pyf ,SOfaom pum; 0de,ESihfpyf,SOfaom pum;[lí rygr&Sd? oufouf

Thoughts free from lust. There is a state of absence of greed which is capable of renouncing the five sensual pleasures such as pleasant sight, pleasant sound, pleasant smell, pleasant taste and pleasant touch and of abandoning attachment to the five constituent groups of existence or the mind and matter.

Thought arising out of such absence of greed is Nekkhamma . san kappa.

Thoughts of good- will. There is loving-kindness for all beings, be they men or animals and the wish for their good and welfare. Though arising out of such loving-kindness is Abya-pa-. da san kappa.

Thoughts of compassion. Thought arising out of compassion and sympathy for all beings who are afflicted with suf. fering is Avihim. sa sankappa. .

This is the end of Samma-sankappa.

The Exposition of Right Speech There are four types of right speech. They are: (1) Abstinence from falsehood– Musa-va-davirati (2) Abstinence from back-biting– Pisun.ava-ca-virati.

(3) Abstinence from offensive and abusive language– Pharusava-ca-virati.

(4) Abstinence from frivolous talk– Samphappala-pavirati.

Abstinence from flasehood. Speaking untruth so as to make it appear as truth and speaking of truth as though it were untruth, means speaking falsehood. Abstinence from speaking such falsehood is Musa-va-davirati.

Abstinence from back-biting. The kind of talk which makes two friends lose confidence in and regard for each other, which creates dissension between two persons or which slanders another is back-biting. Abstinence from such back-biting is Pisun.ava-ca-virati.

Abstinence from offensive and abusive words. Speaking with anger and using abusive language affecting race, families, individuality, occupation, etc., amounts to using offensive and abusive words. Abstinence from such mode of speaking is Pharusa-va-cvirati.

Abstinence from frivolous talk. In this world there are

TALKS ABOUT THE TRUE STORY

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&arS m f b D ) (cif t ywf r S t quf ) r,f a wmf B uD ; &J U pm;0wf a ea&; wynhfawmfrtwGufawmh vHk;0ryl&ygbl;bk&m;/ t0wf txnf qdv k J oH;k ESpaf vmuf0wfv&Ydk ygw,f/ zmax;0wfvQif ydak wmif&yg ao;w,f/ pm;zdkYusawmh reufuwnf;u wpfcgcsufxm;vQif nae pmygNyD; wmygyJ? yJjyKwfqm;cwfta&yg aomufvkdufvQif NyD;wmygyJ/ aezdkY tdrfusawmh oHk;ESpf&SdNyD rrdk;rumyJ xm;wmyg/ tJ'Dvdk acRwm pkaqmif;&ygw,fbk&m;/ wynhfawmfr r0wf&? rpm;& aumif;pGmrae&rSmwdkYudk rpdk;&drf &ygbl;? om;&[ef;twGuf rSefrSef rydkY&rSmudkyJ pdk;&drfaerdygw,fbk&m;/ wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; wynhfawmfr aooGm;vQif om;av; b,folaxmuf yHhrvJvdkY arQmfawG;NyD; pdwfraumif;jzpfrdao;w,fbk&m;/ avmutaeeJY ajym&vQif r,fawmfBu;D [m touft&G,Bf u;D vdYk qHjzLoGm;a<u yg;a&wGew Yf jkd cif;rsm;wdEYk iS t fh wl cg;udik ;f ? em;udik ;f rsupf d rHIjzpfaeNyDjzpfí tvkyfrvkyfoihfawmhyg/ tem;,lum aumif;rIukokdvf bm0emyGm;ae&rnfh tcsdeft&G,fomjzpfygonf/ oufwrf;eJYMunhfvQif vnf; ae0ifcsdefeD;acsNyD/ tpdk;&0efxrf;onfyif touf(60)jynhfvQif tNidrf;pm;ay;&\/ ,l&\/ odkYr[kwfvQifvnf; usef;rma&; raumif; vQif tNidrf;pm;ay;&acsao;\/

r,fawmfBu;D rSmawmh toufvnf; (60)ausmcf NhJ yD use;f rma&; vnf; raumif;yg/ 'gayr,fh om;tay:xm;wJh arwåmu tNidrf;pm; ray;ao;yg/ om;twGuf jynhfpHka&;twGuf pdk;&drfylyefvsuf tylpmay; ae&onf/ okdYaomf arwåmydkifBuD;rSmawmh tNrJwrf; Nidrf;csrf;vsufyg/ tarharwåmteEÅyg/ 'DtaMumif;rsm;udv k nf; om;&[ef;udk rajymygeJb Y &k m;? wynhf awmfr 'ku©a&mufaewmxuf om;pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;rnfudk ydkNyD; pdk; &drfvdkYygbk&m;/ wynhfawmfronf b,fvkd'ku©rsKd;pHkawGeJY awGUBuHKcHpm;ae&yg ap? om;&[ef;onf omoemawmfrSm aysmfarGUNyD; tusihfpm&dwå aumif;rGefwJhoDv? orm"d? ynm? odu©moHk;yg;ESihf jynhfpHkwJh &[ef;awmf wpfyg; jzpfvmvQif wynhfawmfr qif;&JcH&usKd;? BudK;pm;&usKd;eyfygw,f bk&m;? ao&rnfqdkvnf; ao&usKd;eyfw,fbk&m;/ ,ckt&Sifbk&m;wdkY jyef<uvQif om;twGuf tvkyfBudKwif aiG,lNyD; vSL&ygOD;rnfbk&m;/ wynhfawmfrtwGufeJY t&Sif bk&m;vnf; pd w f r aumif ; r&S d y geJ Y ? pum;tjzpf a vQmuf w myg/ om;twG u f tvkyfvkyfae&vQif wynhfawmf pdwfat;csrf;aeygonfbk&m;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

tm;jzihf pdwfaysmfarGUzG,fwdkYudk vkyfBuHí xm;aom pum;rsKd;om yg&Sd\/ tw¦ESihf pyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;qdkonfum; touf&Snfjcif;? temuif;jcif;? "r®d,v'¨jzpfaom pnf;pdrfcsrf;omwdkYudk &Ekdifjcif;? tp &Sdaom ypöKyÜeftusKd;? aemufb0wdkYü vlYcsrf;omudk &jcif; tp&Sdaom aumif;usKd;csrf;omrsKd;udk jyqdktyfaom pum;rsKd;wnf;/ "r®ESihfpyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;qdkonfum; xdktusKd;wdkYudk &&m &aMumif;jzpfaom enf;vrf; Oya'o pum;rsKd;wnf;/ 0de,ESihfpyfaom pum;rsKd;qdkonfum; vlYusihf0wfw&m;? &Sifh usihf0wfw&m;wdkYESihfpyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;? avmbudk ajzazsmuf&ef w&m;rsKd;? a'goudk ajzazsmuf&ef w&m;rsKd; ponfwnf;/ þtw¬? "r®? 0de,wdkYESihfpyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;wdkYonf xdk Zmwf0w¬KwdkYü ryg&Sdukef? xdkodkYaom '@m&DZmwf0w¬Krsm;udk olwpfyg; wdkYtm; ajyma[mjcif;onf oræyÜvmyrnf\? xdkoræyÜvmy pum;rsKd;rS vGwfuif;atmif MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf oræyÜvmy0d&wDrnf\/ 32 yg;aom wd&pämeuxm pum;rsKd;onfvnf; oræyÜvmy omrnrnf\? tw¬? "r®? 0de,wdkYü tvdrfrmyGm;pD;jcif;udk tvdk&Sdukef aom olwdkYonf xdk 32 yg;aom wd&pämeuxm pum;rsKd;wdkYESihf tcsdef em&D ukefjcif;udk a0;pGm a&SmifMuOfMuukef&m\/ orxbm0em? 0dyó em bm0emtvkyrf sm;udk wnfaxmifMuukeaf om olwo Ykd nfru l m; tw"r® 0de,ESihfpyf,SOfaom pum;rsKd;wdkYudkaomfvnf; twkdif;t&Snf odí ajymqdkMuukef&m\/ or® m 0gpm 4 yg; NyD ; \/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

such plays and novels as Enaung and Ngwedaung, which contain no words relating to atta, dhamma and vinaya for the betterment of those who listen to them; they contain only those worlds that are meant for the sheer entertainment of the listeners.

Attha, Dhamma, Vinaya Words relaing to Attha are that could bring about in this present life such things as long life, health and righteously acquired wealth and in the next existence the good result such as being reborn as a human being etc.

Worlds relating to Dhamma are those that relate to ways and means for attainment of the above-mentioned good results.

Such words relating to attha, dhamma and vinaya are not found in the above-mentioned types of plays and novels.

Narrating such plays and novels to others amounts to frivolous talk. The thirty-two types of "tiracchanakaha"(sirtually unbeneficial talks) are included in the samphappalapa.

Those who are desirous of developing their wisdom in attha dhamma and vinaya should abstain from wasting time in indulging in such thirty-two types of talk. As regards those who are bulding up the practice of acquiring mantal Calm (samatha) and development of Insight (vipassana), should sings of the constituents of the body, palmistry, etc., are contrary to lsis and Bhikkhu's practice of Dhamma. they are called tiracchanavijja.

Earning livelihood by lsis and Bhikkus by means of such arts is called tiracchanavijja micchajivavirati.

This is the end of Four kinds of samma ajiva.

(To be continue)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

cGihfvTwfem;vnfay;oihfw,f t&S i f o D v mpm& (zm;uef Y )

]]ighom; &Gma&mufwkef;a&mufckduf &GmOD;ausmif;q&mawmf oGm;uefawmhvu dk yf gOD;? rif;u wpfESpfwpfacgufawmif &Gmukdra&muf jzpfbl;/ [kdwpfaeYuawmif taz Oykofapmifh oGm;&if; q&mawmfeaYJ wGUvdYk rif;taMumif; ar; aeao;w,f? q&mawmfuvnf; rif;ukd owd &aewmuG}} ]][k w f u J h y gtaz? q&mawmf q D uRefawmfoGm;NyD; uefawmhzkdY pdwful;xm;yg w,f? q&mawmfqo D mG ;&awmh ukov dk v f nf;&? w&m;vnf;em&awmh A[kokwvnf;&Sdwmayhg taz&m}} armifuHcRefwdkYom;tz tjyeftvSef wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf pum;ajymqkdaeMu jcif;jzpfonf/ zcifjzpfol OD;zkd;vlu olYom; armifuHuRefukd &GmOD;ausmif;oGm;NyD; uefawmh ckdif;aeonf/ q&mwynhf &if;&if;ESD;ESD;&Sdapcsif onf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf i,fpOfumvu q&m ES i h f w ynh f quf q H r I & if ; ES D ; NyD ; cJ h a omf v nf ; touft&G,fBuD;&ihfvmaomtcg cyfcGmcGm jzpfoGm;wwfMuonf/ tajctaet& a0;uGm aeonhfwdkifatmif wpfESpfwpfacgufavmuf awmh x d a wG U rI & S d a eoih f o nf / b,f v k d r S taMumif; rnDñw T í f rawGU&onhw f ikd af tmif vlBuKHjzpf ap? pm? w,fvDzkef; ponfjzifhjzpfap wpfrsKd; r[kwfwpfrsKd; tquftoG,fjyKvkyf oihfayonf/ q&mwynhf qufqHa&;um;

b,fenf;ESirfh S pdr;f um;roGm;oihaf cs/ tNrw J rf; aEG;axG; aeoihfayonf/ i,fpOfumv q&mjzpfolu ynm rsKd;pkH oifay;vkduf&aomfvnf; touft&G,f av;&vmaomtcg q&morm;xH wpfESpfae vnf;ra&muf? ESpfESpfaevnf;ra&mufMuaom wynhfawG ae&mtESHUtjym; &SdMuayonf/ rMumcP awGUqkHae&aomq&mwynhfESihf tvGeftcsdefMumjrifhrS awGUqkH&aom q&m wynhfwdkY arwåmoufa&mufrIjcif; b,fvkdrS rwlnDEkdifMuay/ rMumcPawGUqkH&jcif;jzihf usef;rma&;ESihf tajctaet&yf&yfudk aumif; pG m od c G i h f & onf / wpf a ,muf t ay:wpf a,muf vkdtyfovdk jznhfqnf;ay;Ekdifonf/ yhyH ;dk ulnED idk o f nf/ tcsed o f yd Mf umrS awGUjrif&vQif wpfa,muf\usef;rma&;ESihf tajctaet&yf &yfukd rodEkdif? apmihfa&SmufulnD&efvnf; b,fvrkd rS jzpfEidk af wmh/ xkaYd Mumihf q&mwynh?f wynh f q &mwk d Y o nf tcsif ; csif ; tnrn oabmw&m;jzpfí wpfenf;tm;jzihf rMum cP xdawGUaeoihfonf/ olY0wå&m; ukd,fh 0wå&m;awGukd vkdtyfovdk jznhfqnf;ay;oihf Muayonf / 0wå & m;[l o nf pm&d w å o D v aywnf;/ ]][- armifuHcRefvm;uG? rif;rSmvJ vSvkdY 0vdkYygvm;? b,fES,fhvJ vkyfief;ukdifief; aumtqifajy&JUvm;}}

23

]]rSefvSyg? tvkyftukdifvnf; rqkd; ygbl;bk&m;? rdom;pktm;vkH;vnf; usef;rma&; aumif;Muygw,f/ q&mawmfa&m aeaumif; vm;bk&m;? rESpfueJYpm&if enf;enf;acsmifus oGm;ovm;vdkY? wynhfawmf&JUpdwfxifvdkYrsm; vm;awmhrodb;l / wynhaf wmfvnf; q&mawmf qD rMumcP pdwfa&mufygw,fbk&m;? vl ukd,fwdkifuawmh wpfESpfwpfacgufavmufyJ a&mufEkdifawmhw,f}} q&mwynhfESpfa,muf &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ajymqkdaeMuonfrSm MunfEl;p&m? 0rf;om tm;& [kdtaMumif; onftaMumif;ajymaeMu onfrmS em&D0uf rdepf(30)ausmaf vmuf &So d mG ; ayonf/ xkdYaemuf armifuHcRefu q&mawmf tm; avQmufxm;onfrSm]]q&mawmfb&k m;? a&mufwek ;f a&muf ckduf wynhfawmfeJYoihfawmfwJhw&m;wpfyk'f avmuf a[mMum;awmfrlygtkH;bk&m;? wynhf awmf em,lcsiv f yYkd g/ wynhaf wmfoNd y;D wJah emuf ol w pf y g;vnf ; azmuf o ,f c say;&wmayh g bk&m;}} ]]at; at; aumif;wmayghumG ? rif;eJY oihfawmfwJhw&m;qkdvdkY wjcm;awmh rajymvdk bl;? rdbukdawmh ypfrxm;eJYaemf? ukd,fwwfEkdif wJb h ufu *½kpu dk ?f aorSiw kd m tvum;yJ? rdb ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&Sdaewkef; jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf? rif; taztarawG v nf ; touf B uD ; uk e f N yD ? avmurS m tpm;jyef r &Ek d i f w J h t&m0w¦ K ESpfck&Sdw,f? tJ'guawmh tcsdefeJYrdbyJ wJh/ tJ'Dpum;av;awG rSwfom;xkdufw,faemf}} ]]rSefyg qufvufNyD; a[mawmfrlyg bk&m;? wynhfawmfwdkYuawmh q&mawmfwdkYu a[mrS od&rSm}} ]]at; at; ta&;tBuD;qkH;uawmh aus;Zl;rqyfEkdif&ifaeOD;? um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHawGeJY rjypfrSm;rdzkdYyJ? jypfrSm;rd&ifawmh aocsmayguf raumif;usKd;ay;rSmyJ/ usef;*ef awGxJrSmawmh rjypfrSm;xkdufolawGukd jypfrSm; &if 'Pfq,fyg;usa&mufEkdifowJh? tJ'D'Pf q,fyg;uawmh- jyif;xefaom a&m*ga0'emjzpfjcif;?

- cE¨mukd,faygufuGJapEkdifavmufaom tem a&m*gqkd;BuD;rsm; usa&mufEkdifjcif;?

- ypönf;Opöm qkH;½IH;ysufpD;jcif;?

- temBuD;a&m*gpGJuyfjcif;?

- rif;jypfrif;'Pfusa&mufjcif;?

- pGyfpGJajymqkdcH&jcif;?

- tm;ukd;tm;xm;jyK&aom aqGrsKd;rsm; ao

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

24

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

aMuysufpD;&jcif;?

- pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif paom tokH;taqmifwdkY zsufqD;cH&jcif;?

- tdrfukd rD;avmifcH&jcif;?

- aoaomtcg tyg,fav;yg;usa&mufjcif; wJh../ b,f a vmuf a Mumuf p &maumif ; vku d o f vJ/ tJ''D Pfq,fyg;[m jznf;jznf;csi;f usa&mufrSm r[kwfbl;/ (cdyÜar0- ed*päwd) vsijf refpmG usa&mufEidk yf gowJ/h txl;owdxm; &r,faemf/ tJ'v D u dk sa&mufEidk w f muvnf; rdb awG&JU BuD;rm;wJhaus;Zl;*kPfaMumifhyJ jzpfyg w,f/ q&morm;wdkY? oDv&SdwJholwdkY? pdwfxm; aumif;jrwfwJholwdkYukdvnf; oGm;NyD; rjypfrSm; vkdufaveJY? wpfckck usa&mufEkdifygw,f/ 'geJyY wfoufvYdk ajym&tk;H r,f/ rauG; wdkif; yGihfjzLNrKdUe,f ausmif;awmf&m bk&m;BuD; ta&SUbuf &Gmwpf&GmrSm armifvSa&Tqkdwm &SdowJh/ rdbrsm;u awmifolv,form;? tar u taMumfaMumfa&mif;owJh/ zcifu usef;rm a&;raumif;awmh v,fqufNyD;rvkyfEkdifawmh bl;/ vliSm;eJYvkyf&w,f/ armifvSa&Tuawmh aemufvkdufynmoif&NyD; v,fpkdufNyD;wJhtcg EGm;pm&dwf? EGm;auR;vkyf&? rkd;aESmif;umv wpfaeYrsmawmh armifvSa&T[m oli,fcsif; taygif;toif;awGeJY abmvDabmykwfupm; aew,f/ EGm;pm&dwfcsdefa&mufaeayr,fh yGJrNyD; ao;awmh roGm;Ekdifao;bl;/ ]]vS a &T a &..EG m ;pm&d w f o G m ;awmh av? b,ftcsdefa&mufaeNyDvJ}} rdcifBuD;u abmvDabmykwfaewJh vSa&TukdvSrf;ajymw,f/ vSa&Tu *½krpkduf? xyfcgxyfcgatmfajymw,f? *½krpku d /f 'geJY rdcif jzpfolu pdwfr&SnfawmhwmeJY tdrfu 0g;jcrf; qGJNyD;xGufvmw,f/ abmvDabmykwfwJhtem; tajy;a&mufvmNyD; vSa&Tukd wtm;BuKH;½kduf awmhwmyJ/ tJ'DtcgusrS vSa&T[m jruf&dwf wHpOfeJY BuKd;ukdaumufukdifNyD; rdcifukdqJ&if; ajy;oGm;w,f/ rdcifu aemufu wkwfeJYvkduf ½k d u f ? vS a &T u a&S U uqJ a jy;awmwmyJ w J h / ab;uvlawGu rqJaumif;bl;wdYk b,favmuf ajymajym *½krpkdufbl;/ wpfcgxJ qJwmyJ? qJ½kH wifrubl;/ rku d ½f idk ;f vku d f yku H awmh vGeyf ga&m/ urf;ukefawmhwmyJ/ 'Dvdk om;orD;awGvnf; avmurS ae&mtESHYtjym;rSm &Sdaeygw,f/ tJ'DvkdeJY armifvSa&T&JUrdcifu &GmwHcg;txdyJ vdkufEkdifw,f/ vlBuD;eJYvli,f jzpfaeawmh vlBuD;taeeJY Mum&Snfb,fvkduf EkdifawmhrvJ/

td r f j yef v mrS od M ua&maygh q k d N yD ; Budrf;0g;aeawmhw,f/ &G m &J U taemuf a wmif uk e f ; om ausmif;qkdwm&SdowJh/ tJ'Dausmif;xJrSm&SdwJh Z&yfywfcsmvnfrSm vlawG0kdif;aeMuw,f/ armifvSa&Tyg;pyfukd ukef;rIwfolurIwf? wpfcsKdU uvnf; ausmufz½kHoD;cGJjcrf;awGeJY yGwfe,f olu yGwfe,fayhg/ toufjyefNyD; &Sifvkd&Sifjim; wwf o a&G U rS w f o a&G U jyKvk y f a eMuwmwJ h / bBu;D OD;omatmifu vSa&Tet YJ wl jruf&w d zf uf oef;xGef;ukd ar;vkdufw,f/ ]b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ armifoef;xGe;f } ]uRefawmf jruf&dwfaewkef; armif vSa&Ttajy;a&mufvmw,f/ rMumcifrSmyJ rkd;awG xpfcsKef;&Gmvmw,f/ tJ'DawmhrS vSa&T aMumuf v k d Y x if w ,f ? uRef a wmf & d w f a ewJ h uefoif;wef;a&mufvmw,f/ ola&mufvmNyD; rS rdk;u ykd&Gmvmw,f/ ykdNyD;xpfcsKef;vmw,f/ rkd;xpfcsKef;wdkif; ol uRefawmhfvmzufw,f/ Mumawmh uRefawmfawmif aMumufvmw,f/ 'geJY oleJYuRefawmf v,fuefoif; acgif;xkd;NyD; ykqkd;NcKH 0yfaevkdufw,f/ tJ'Dvkd 0yfaewkef; rkd;BuKd;ypfcsvkdufwmyJ? uRefawmfvnf; 'Dwpfcg awmh aoNyq D dk rSwv f u dk w f myJ? aemufrS ykq;dk NcKH zGihfMunhfvkdufawmh uRefawmfeJYuyfaewJh vSa&T t0wfawGraJ ew,f/ uReaf wmfu vSa&T vSa&T eJY ac:Munhw f ,f/ ac:r&awmh uReaf wmfvnf; aMumufvmw,f? tJ'geJY &GmxJajy;vmNy;D bBu;D wdkYukd ac:&wmayhg} ]at; rSwx f m;MuayhguGm? ESpaf ,muf twlwl yl;aewmawmif rkd;BuKd;u rif;ukda&Smif NyD; olYukdrS a&G;ypfvkdufw,f/ wkdufqkdifrIyJ ajymajym bmyJajymajym teEÅaus;Zl;&Sif rdcif ukd qJqkdjypfrSm;vdkYyJ qkdwm xif&Sm;w,f? tJ'g rif;wdkY rSwfxm;Muayawmh} bBuD;atmifpum;qkH;wmeJY vltkyf BuD;uvnf; rdcifukdjypfrSm;vdkY rkd;BuKd;ypfcH&wJh vSa&Ttavmif;ukd vSrf;MunhfvkdufMuw,f/ 'gayr,f h vl t rsm;&J U tMunh f u oem;wJ h u½kPmtMunhfeJY MunhfaeMuw,f/ vS a &T & J U rd c if u awmh t½l ; rBuD ; wpfydkif;jzpfoGm;w,f/ vSa&Tcrsmawmh bmrS rod&Smawmhbl;/ aMumufp&mvnf;aumif;? oHa0*&p&mvnf;aumif;w,faemf/ jzpf&yfuav;uawmh 'gygyJ/ armif uHcRefyJ pOf;pm;Munfh? rjypfrSm;oihfwJh aus;Zl; &Sifukd jypfrSm;rdwJhtwGuf tjypf'Pf usa&muf oGm;wmyJ/ armifucH Rew f v Ykd nf; txl;owdxm;

aemf/ rdbawGqw dk m toufBu;D vmav olrsm; udka&m om;orD;awGtay:a&m pdwfwdkif;rus rIawG rsm;wwfw,f/ pdwfwdkif;ruswdkif;vJ cPcPajymw,f/ 'Dawmh oabmxm; rwdu k f qkid af wmhb;l / om;orD;awGu jyefatmfrw d ,f/ jyefajymrdw,f/ pdwrf xde;f Ekid af wmh a'goygvm a&m/ tJ'DrSm tjypfjzpfawmhwmyJ/ 'gaMumihf vlBuD;awGu EGm;tkd&if ausmif;&cuf? vltkd&if aygif;&cufw,f vdkY ajymqkdcJhMuw,f/ touf BuD;wJhrdzawGeJYae&wm ajymqkd& aygif;&wm cufw,f/ ae&mwumrSm 0if0ifygwwfw,f/ i,frljyefwwfw,f/ 'gukd oabmrayguf&if om;orD;awGrSm i&JBuD;awmhwmyJ/ rdbawGukd om;orD;awGu em;vnfEkdifMuzkdY? em;vnfay; MuzkdYvdkwJhtcsdefayhg/ ]igwdkYrdbawG[m touft&G,fBuD; ukefMuNyD/ olwdkYukd,fukda&m om;orD;awGukd a&m ae&mwdik ;f pdww f ikd ;f rusawmhb;l / rdbrsm; &JU qyfrukeEf idk w f ahJ us;Zl;w&m;awG igwdYk tay: rSm&SdcJhw,f/ igwdkYi,fi,fwkef;u rnnf;rnL apmihfa&SmufcJhMuw,f/ igwdkYtay: em;vnf ay;cJhMuw,f/ tckwpfzef igwdkYtvSnhfa&muf NyD? igwdkYuvnf; olwdkYtay: em;vnfcGihfvTwf ay;&awmhr,f/ olwdkYeJYywfoufNyD; tukodkvf rjzpfapbJ ukodkvfawG&atmif ,lr,f} qkdwJh pdwf"mwfrsKd;ukd tNrJxm;&Sd&r,fuG? tJ'grS ukd,fhtwGuf tjrwfxGufrSmaemf}} ]]tck v d k a[majymay;wJ h t wG u f q&mawmfukd aus;Zl;wifw,f? tm;vnf; ukd;ygw,fbk&m;? rdbrsm;eJY ywfoufvkdYa&m aus;Zl;&Sifrsm;eJYywfoufvkdYa&m b,fawmhrS rjypfrSm;rdapzkdY aus;Zl;jyefqyfEkdifzkdY twwfEkdif qk H ; BuKd ; pm;ygr,f b k & m;? wynh f a wmf u k d jyefciG jfh yKygtk;H bk&m;? wynhaf wmf OD;wifygw,f}} ]]at;uG,f om"k- om"k- om"k}} t&S i f o D v mpm& (zm;uef Y )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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&wJhb0/ ]]tckvdkt&m&medrfhyg;aewJhb0rSm pdw"f mwfawGvu J srmS yJ? uReaf wmfwYkd vdt k yfwm av;awG ulnDoGm;zdkYvdkygw,f}} udkvSjrifhuawmh OD;armifarmifb0 twGuf tawmfpdwfraumif;jzpfae&Smw,f/ udv k jS rihu f , kd w f idk f avjzwfa0'emcHpm;ae&aom 'ku©dwwpfa,muf/ olu]]0#f e muH e mqd k w m &S d y gw,f A sm? uRefawmfwkdYavjzwfcH&wJha0'emqdkwmvJ 0#f emuH e myg? ol u 'D q &meJ Y a ysmuf a yr,h f ud, k u f aysmufcsirf aS ysmufwm? 0#fuek rf aS ysmuf wwfwmrsdK;yJ/ 0#fa<u;udk cE¨meJYay;qyfae& wmyJ}} uRef a wmh p d w f x J u awmh cif A sm; vnf; pdwfaumif;apwem&SdolqdkyJAsm? uHav; awGvJ aumif;vmrSmyg/ b0udkrarholwkdif; twGuf b0uolu Y kd aus;Zl;jyefjyKomG ;ygvdrrfh ,f vdkY pdwfxJuajymaerdw,f/ "ar®m[ a0 &duw © d "r®mpm&Dw?hJ "r®u b0rarh o l w d k i f ; twG u f "r® u ol Y u d k jyefapmifha&SmufoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ b0qdkwm bmudak c: wmvJ/ b0&JUt"dymÜ ,fqw kd mbmvJ/ Zmwdjzpf ay:vmwmrSeforQ b0ygyJ/ Zmwd &Sd&if b0ay:r,f/ Zmwdr&Sd&if b0jzpfrvm Edkifawmhbl;/ Zmwdrqufawmhatmif Zmwdudk jzwfrS b0jywfr,f/ b,f[mudk ZmwdvdkY ac:wmvJ? 0dÓPfqw kd phJ w d u f av;ay:vmwm rS e f o rQ Zmwd y J ? ]]t0d Z Æ m ypö , m ocF g &m? pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y

DHAMMA DEW

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

27

reufjzef bmjzpfrvJ pk d ; 0if ; (acsmuf )

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uk d , f v k d c sif w J h tusKd ; w&m;twG u f taMumif ; w&m;awG zef w D ; vk y f a qmif z d k Y vkdw,f/ 'DvkdrsKd; taMumif;t&mawGukd zefwD; &mrS m vnf ; owd j yK&r,h f tcsuf E S p f c suf &S d w ,f / yxrtcsuf u vk d c sif w J h t usKd ; w&m;twG u f vk d t yf w J h taMumif ; w&m; (Necessity) (tusKd ; w&m;eJ Y wd k u f ½ k d u f ouf q k d i f w J h taMumif ; w&m;) awG u k d zef w D ; &r,f / 'k w d , tcsuf u 'D v k d ouf q k d i f w J h vd k t yf w J h t aMumif ; w&m;uk d zefwD;&mrSmvnf; vkHavmufatmif (Sufficient) zef w D ; &r,f / 'D v k d r sKd ; vk d t yf w J h taMumif;w&m;awGudk vkaH vmufatmif zefw;D NyD q k d & if ol e J Y o uf q k d i f w J h tusKd ; w&m;[m ajrBuD;vufcwfrvGJ jzpfay:vmrSm aocsm w,f/ Oyrm zefacsmif;u rD;vif;apcsif&if zefacsmif;eJYoufqkdifwJh rD;cvkwfukd zGifhzkdY vkdw,f/ 'gayr,fh vQyfppf"mwftm;vmzkdY vnf; vdkw,f/ zefacsmif;&,f? 0g,mBuKd;awG? rD;cvkwfawG&,f aumif;aezkdYvnf; vdkw,f/ 'Dvrdk sK;d vkt d yfwmawG vkaH vmuf&if zefacsmif; u rD;rvif;rSm bmrSryl&bl;/ 'Dawmh ighajr;&JU a&SUa&;twGuf olrsm;ukd ta[mckdif;wmxuf ukd,fhukd,fukd,fjyefa[m&if ydkrSefvdrfhr,f/ 'ghtjyif owå0gwkdif;rSm twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wfqkdNyD; umv (3)yg; &SdpNrJ jzpfw,f/ ,ck ypöKyÜefb0[m twdwf&JUtusKd; qufjzpfw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm tem*wf&JU taMumif;w&m;vnf;jzpfw,f/ tbwdkY Ak'¨ bmomtaeeJ Y a jym&&if orD ; tck b 0 jzpfwnfaewJh ]]pdwfykdif; ½kyfykdif;}} b0[m orD;&JU ,cifb0awGu (twdwfujyKcJhwJh

uk o k d v f ? tuk o k d v f u H a wG & J U tusKd ; quf jzpf w ,f ) 'D b 0rS m orD ; jyKwJ h uk o k d v f u H ? tukodkvfuHawG[m orD;&JU ,ckb0ypöKyÜef eJY tem*wfb0 (aemufb0awG) twGuf zef w D ; azmf a qmif a y;rS m jzpf w ,f / 'D v d k r sKd ; taMumif;w&m;awG[m teEÅ& ypönf;taeeJY tNrw J rf; qufpyfaew,f/ 'Dawmh orD;taeeJY aA'ifq&mwpfa,mufxH aA'ifar;csifvnf; ar;yg/ ukd,fhukd,fukdvnf; a[mMunhfyg/ wpfcg avmurSm tvum;&w,f qkdwm bmrSr&Sdbl;/ &Sd&ifvnf; wefzkd;rJhjzpf wwfw,f/ tvum;&zkyYd J arQmv f ihaf ewJv h [ l m vlYb0&JUatmufwef;rSmyJ tNrJ&Sdaewwfw,f/ 'Dawmh vlwpfa,muf reufjzef bmjzpfrvJ a[mudef;xkwfvdkY&ygw,f/ 'DaeY BuD;yGm;aewJh vlawG? 'DaeY wdk;wufaewJhEkdifiHawG? bmaMumihf BuD;yGm; wk d ; wuf a eMuvJ ? Munh f a omol j rif \ qk d o vk d Munh f w wf & if jrif v d k Y & ygw,f / tvm;wl qif ; &J N yD ; atmuf w ef ; aemufwef;usaeolawG? qif;&JcsKdUwJhaewJh Ek d i f i H a wG u k d Munh f & if v nf ; qif ; &J z k d Y vk H a vmuf w J h t aMumif ; w&m;awG ol w d k Y r S m &Sdaew,f/ 'Dxuf wdusatmif ajym&&if ]]vkyfcsif}} wmeJY ]]vkyfoihf}} wmrSm vkyfcsif wmvk y f a ewJ h v l a wG ? vG w f v yf r I u k d tvG J ok H ; pm;vk y f a ewJ h v l a wG ? tcsd e f j zKef ; aeol awG ? pnf ; r&S d u rf ; r&S d j zpf a ewJ h vl r sKd ; awG [m qif ; &J j cif ; &J U taMumif ; awG y J ? ]]vk y f oih f } }wmuk d BuKd ; BuKd ; pm;pm;vk y f a ewJ h vl r sKd ; awG u sawmh BuD ; yG m ;wd k ; wuf a ewm ayh g ? 'D v k d r sKd ; avmu&J U trS e f w &m; (aMumif ; usKd ; w&m;) opö m w&m;awG u k d

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

32

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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qif;oufvmyHu k kd txift&Sm;awGUEkid yf gonf/ oDwif;uRwf vjynhfnü odMum;rif; zefqif;aom ywåjrm;apmif;wef;rS jrwfbk&m; &Sif? a&Tapmif;wef;? aiGapmif;wef;rS ewfjA[®m rsm;-yÍöodcF ewfom;onf ewfapmif;ydkufívnf; aumif;?

-*E¨AÁewfwdkYonf ewfapmif;oHjyKí vnf; aumif;?

-rmwvdewfom;onf pmr&Dom;NrD;,yfudk udkifívnfaumif;?

-jA[®mBuD;u xD;rdk;ívnf;aumif;? NcH&Hvdkufyg yHkudk o½kyfazmfa&;jc,fcJhMuonf/ xdkYaMumihf yk*Hacwfuyif jrefrmAk'¨ bmoma&;yGaJ wmftjzpf? oDwif;uRwyf aJG wmfukd tpOfrysuf usif;ycJhaMumif; ,lqí&Ekdifyg onf/ ¤if;o½kyfazmfyHkonf wm0wd HomrS qif;cef;yHu k kd yHak zmfa&;qGx J m;aom a&S;yk*aH cwf *lbk&m; eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDum;u ajymjyaom tcsuf tjzpf? xif&Sm;pGm awGU&jcif;yif/ vlaY vmu ouFóe*d&k jf ynfoYkd ½Icsif pzG,f wihw f ,fvpS mG ywåjrm;tv,fapmif;wef; rS a&mifjcnfawmf uGefYjrL;íjrwfbk&m;&Sif <u qif;vmpOf 0J,mwpfbufwpfcsuf a&Tapmif; wef;? aiGapmif;wef;rS ewfwdkYonf xD;? wHcGef? qDrD;ylaZmfrI toD;oD;jyKum qif;vmMuonf udk wm0wd Homü 0gwGif;oHk;vywfvHk; w&m;

a[mMum;&mrS NyD;ajrmufcJhí oDwif;oDv aqmuf w nf r I r S uRwf v G w f M uNyD [ l í vlYjynfqif;vmcsdefudk 0guRwfonf? oDwif; uRwfonf[k MunfndK? o'¨grIjzihf jyKvkyfBudKqdk aom bmoma&;yGJawmfonf bmoma&;ü av;eufrIudkjyqdkaeaom yGJonfyif/ a&S ; tcgu oD w if ; uRwf v ud k oHwv l [kvnf; ac:Muygonf/ oHCmawmfwYkd 0gwGi;f oH;k vywfv;kH 0guyf&mrS uRwv f w G af om vjzpfíoDwif;uRwfv[kvnf;ac:ygonf/ oDwif;uRwfvjynhfaeYudkrl 0guRwf[lí owf rSwyf gonf/ xdkYjyifruao; &[ef;oHCmawmfwdkY tcsif;csif; 0guRwfonfESihf wNydKifeuf tjypf rsm;udk jrifvQifvnf;aumif;? Mum;vQifvnf; aumif;? oHo,&Sv d Qif vnf;aumif;? azmfxw k f ajymqd k y g&ef tcsif ; csif ; pk a 0;zd w f M um;í qHk;rjcif;? tqHk;tr emcHjcif; jzihf y0g&Pm jyKyG J r sm;ud k v nf ; oD w if ; uRwf v jynh f a eY ü usif;yMuygonf/ oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eYü q&morm;? tbd;k tbGm;? oufBu;D 0gBu;D rsm;udv k nf;aumif; ½dkaoylaZmfxdkufolwdkYtm; uefawmhyGJqifETJMu aom ,Ofaus;rIyGJtjzpfvnf; awGU&ygonf/ toHvTihf? ½kyfjrifoHMum;a&'D,dkwdkYrS tbd"r®mw&m;awmfjrwf? &Gwzf wfxw k v f iT afh y; ojzihf? w&m;oHwjynfvHk;vTrf;csdef tbd"r®m tcgawmfaeYvnf;jzpfyg\/ Ak'0¨ g'Dwu Ykd qDr;D yGjJ zihf Ak'u ¨ kd &nfarQmf usif;yMuovkd wm0wd Homüvnf; plVmrPd apwDawmf &nfarQmí f rD;yH;k rsm; vTww f ifMujcif; rD;yef;? rD;½I;? aAsmuft;kd azmufjcif;? ypfvw T jf cif; jzihf ylaZmfaom plVmrPdyGJvnf; yg0ifvmjyef ygonf/ ¤if;udk 12 &mod pnfawmfoüH trnf rod pmqdkawmf wpfOD;u oDwif;uRwfvbGJU? jrihfrdk&fyGJudk ]]wl&moD? oDwif;uRwfayrdkY? a&Tjrif; rdk&fyGJawmfrSD? usif;yvdrhfnDnD? pHawmfjynhf vSnhf vnfcgvGef? xdefnD;vdkY? a&TrD;wdkif? vSLawmfyGJ ESihf vGJNyDAsav;}} [k qDrD;yGJudk udk,fhXmaeü rETJ vdkuf&ol\ tvGJudk pmyef;csDjc,focJhygonf/ pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

csD;rGrf;zG,f&m *kPf&nfq,frsKd; t&S i f £ 'd ¨ u mbd 0 H o (ref ; -yaZÆ m wm½H k )

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tp&SdwJhpum;rsm;jzpfygw,f/ &[ef ; rsm; wd & pä m euxmpum; ajymaewJhtcsdefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u *E¨uk#D ausmif;awmfrSm at;at;aq;aq; wpfyg; wnf; oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlygw,f/ jrwfpGm bk&m;[m naecsrf;tcsdefrSm &[ef;awmfrsm; pka0;aexdkifMuwJh nDrl&mcef;r pnf;a0;&m cef;rBuD;okdY <uvmawmfrlygw,f/ jrwfpGm bk&m;twGuf cif;xm;wJhae&mrSm xdkifawmf rlNyD;wJhtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u &[ef;rsm;tm; tckvdk ar;awmfrlygw,f/ ]]&[ef;wdkY µ nDrl&mcef;r pnf;a0; &mcef;rBuD;rSm pka0;aexdkifMuwJh oifwdkY[m bmpum;awGrsm; ajymqdkaeMuovJ oifwdkY&JU rNyD ; qH k ; ao;wJ h p um; ajymvuf p pum;u bmpum;rsm;ygvJ}} vdkY ar;awmfrlygw,f/ &[ef;rsm;uvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; 1/ rif ; ES i h f p yf w J h p um;? trSeftwdkif; avQmufxm;Muygw,f qGrf;pm; 2/ cd k ; ol E S i h f pyf w J h p um;?

NyD;aemuf qGrf;cH&GmrS jyefvmwJhtcsdefrSpí 3/ trwf B uD ; ES i f h p yf w J h p um;? rif;ESihfpyfwJhpum;tp&SdwJh wd&pämeuxm r*f 4/ ppf o nf E S i h f p yf w J h p um;? w&m; zdkvfw&m;wdkY&JU qefYusifbufjzpfwJh 5/ aMumuf p &meJ Y p yf w J h p um;? pum; tusKd ; r&S d w J h p um; tusKd ; rJ h p um; 6/ ppf w d k u f w meJ Y pyf w J h p um;? ajymqdak eMuygaMumif; avQmufxm;Muygw,f/ 7/ pm;p&meJ Y pyf w J h p um;? jrwfpGmbk&m;u &[ef;rsm;tm; tck 8/ aomuf p &meJ Y pyf w J h p um;? vd k rd e f Y a wmf rlygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU rdefYMum; 9/ t0wf p m;eJ Y pyf w J h p um;? awmf r l c suf [ m tvGefyif rSwfom;zG,fjzpfyg 10/ td y f & meJ Y pyf w J h p um;? w,f/ 11/ yef ; eJ Y p yf w J h p um;? ]]&[ef;wdkYµ tckvdk trsKd;rsKd;aom 12/ tarT ; eH Y o meJ Y pyf w J h p um;? wd & pä m euxmud k ajymqd k a eMujci;f [ m 13/ aqG r sKd ; eJ Y p yf w J h p um;? ,H k M unf c suf o '¨ g w&m;jzih f vl Y a bmif r S 14/ ,mOf e J Y p yf w J h p um;? &[ef ; abmif o d k Y 0if a &muf v mMuwJ h 15/ &G m eJ Y p yf w J h p um;? oif c spf o m;wd k Y t m; roih f a wmf y g?

16/ ed * H k ; eJ Y p yf w J h p um;? ravsmuf y wf y g}} vd k Y rd e f Y a wmf rlygw,f/ 17/ Nrd K UeJ Y p yf w J h p um;? jrwf p G m bk & m;[m &[ef ; rsm;tm; 18/ e,f e J Y p yf w J h p um;? qufvuf rdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/ &[ef;wdkY 19/ rd e f ; reJ Y p yf w J h p um;? csD;rGrf;zG,f&mjzpfwJh *kPf&nfq,frsKd;&Sdygw,f/ 20/ ol & J a umif ; eJ Y p yf w J h p um;? csD;rGrf;zG,f&m *kPf&nfq,frsKd;qdkwm...

21/ vrf ; eJ Y pyf w J h p um;?

1/ 'Domoemawmfü &[ef;[m rdrdudk,fwdkif 22/ a&cyf q d y f e J Y pyf w J h p um;? vnf; tvdkenf;w,f? wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkY 23/ aovG e f o l e J Y pyf w J h p um;? tm;vnf; tvdkenf;rIESihf pyfwJhpum;udk a[m 24/ trsKd ; rsKd ; eJ Y pyf w J h p um;? ajymygw,f/ ]]rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; tvdkenf;wJh 25/ avmutaMumif ; eJ Y p yf w J h p um;? &[ef ; ? wpf y g;aom &[ef ; tm;vnf ; 26/ ork ' ´ & meJ Y p yf w J h p um;?

27/ BuD ; yG m ;rI qk w f , k w f r I e J Y pyf w J h p um; tvd k e nf ; rI E S i h f p yf w J h p um;ud k a[majymwJ h &[ef;}} qdkwJh *kPf&nf[m csD;rGrf;zG,f&m *kPf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

35

wpfrsKd;jzpfap? ESpfrsKd;jzpfap? oHk;rsKd;jzpfappo olwpfyg;udkvnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwf &nfwpfrsKd;yifjzpfygw,f/ 2/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; wif;wdrfa&mihf&JvG,fyg jzihf rdrdwkdY Edkif&m Ekdif&m csD;rGrf;zG,f&m *kPf&nf tvkyfvkyfatmifa[monf/ Yk kd rdru d , kd w f ikd v f nf; vdu k ef musio fh ;kH &ygr,f/ 6/ udk,fwdkifvnf; oDvESihfjynhfpHkonf/ w,f / wpf y g;aom &[ef ; wd k Y t m;vnf ; wdu S pfyg; tjcm;tjcm;olwt Ykd m;vnf; cs;D rGr;f olwpfyg;udkvnf; oDvESihfjynhfpHk wif;wdrfa&mihf&JrIESihfpyfwJhpum;udk a[majym rdrrd w zG,f&m *kPf&nfwdkYudk pGrf;EkdiforQ usihfoHk;Ekdif atmifa[monf/ ygw,f/ ud, k w f ikd v f nf; orm"dEiS jfh ynhpf o kH nf/ 3/ rdru d , kd w f ikd v f nf; qdwNf ird af t;csr;f ygw,f/ atmif wdkufwGef;&ygr,f/ EdI;aqmf&ygr,f? 7/ olwpfyg;udkvnf; orm"dESihfjynfhpHk wpf y g;aom &[ef ; wd k Y t m;vnf ; qd w f N id r f pnf;½Hk;&ygr,f? a[majym&ygr,f/ atmif a[monf/ at;csrf;rIESihfpyfwJhpum;udk a[majymygw,f/ tusOf;csKyf wifjyygOD;r,f.... udk,fwkdifvnf; tvdkenf;onf?

8/ udk,fwkdifvnf; ynmESihfjynhfpHkonf?

4/ rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; vlç omraPwdkYESihf 1/ olwpfyg;udkvnf; tvdkenf;atmif olwpfyg;udkvnf; ynmESihfjynhfpHk ra&maESmyg/ wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; atmif a[monf/ vl? omraPwdEYk iS fh ra&maESmatmif a[majym a[monf/ 2/ ud, k w f ikd v f nf; a&mih&f w J if;wdro f nf/ 9/ udk,fwdkifvnf; t&[wåzdkvfESihfjynfh ygw,f/ olwpfyg;udkvnf; a&mihf&Jwif;wdrf pHkonf?

5/ rdrdukd,fwdkifvnf; 0D&d,xm; BudK;pm;tm; olwpfyg;udkvnf; t&[wåzdkvfESihf xkwf tvkyv f yk yf gw,f/ wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdYk atmifa[monf/ udk,fwkdifvnf; qdwfNidrf at;csrf; jynhfpHkatmif a[monf/ tm;vnf; 0D&d,xm; BudK;pm;tm;xkwf tvkyf 3/ onf?

10/ udk,fwkdifvnf; qifjcifaom ÓPf vkyfatmifa[majymygw,f/ olwpfyg;udkvnf; qdwfNidrfat;csrf; tjrifESihfjynhfpHkonf?

6/ rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; oDvESihfjynhfpHkygw,f/ olwpfyg;udv k nf; qifjcifaom ÓPf wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; oDvjynhfpHkrI atmifa[monf/ 4/ udk,fwdkifvnf; ra&maESm? tjrifESihfjynhfpHkatmif a[monf/ ESihf pyfwJhpum;udk a[majymygw,f/ usrf ; ñT e f ; olwpfyg;udkvnf; ra&maESmatmif 7/ rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; orm"dESihfjynhfpHkygw,f/ t*F k w ¬ d K &f ygVd a wmf (wwd , ) wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; orm"djynhfpHk a[monf/ 'k w d , uxm0w¬ K opf 5/ ud k , f w k d i f v nf ; Bud K ;pm;tm;xk w f rIESihf pyfwJhpum;udk a[majymygw,f/ t&S i f £ 'd ¨ u mbd 0 H o (rEÅ a v;yaZÆ m wm½H k ) f yk o f nf/ 8/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; ynmESihfjynhfpHkygw,f/ tvkyv wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; ynmjynhfpHkrI pmrsuf E S m 33 rS ESihf pyfwJhpum;udk a[majymygw,f/ pyg;ESH a&Ttqif;wdkY avajytaemh 9/ rdrdukd,fwkdifvnf; 0drkwdå-vGwfajrmufrI uif ; 0ef r if ; BuD ; \ 12 &moD b G J U ,drf;EGJUvIyfum uMu&awmhrnf/ oif;&eHUxHk t&[wåzdkvfESihfjynhfpHkygw,f/ wpfyg;aom oHaygufü ]]oDwif;uRwfNyD? wl&moD? tmom0 aom Mumyef;wdkY&eHU ESmacgif;0odkY wdk;a0SUMu &[ef ; wd k Y t m;vnf ; 0d r k w d å - vG w f a jrmuf r I PD csdefcg&Tef;? MumrsKd;pHkvnf; rD;jrif;rdk&f? A[kdf&f avawmh r nf / a&uef o mMumwd k i f ; at;í t&[wå z d k v f j ynh f p H k r I E S i h f pyf w J h p um;ud k tacsmxGef;}} [k oDwif;uRwfv wl&moDü vef;qef;pGm aumufpyg;awGawmifyufaom a[majymygw,f/ aumif;uifü tmom0wDeu©wf vESifh pef;,SOf voHwlv/ (oHaumufpyg;? wlyufjcif;) 10/ rdru d , kd w f ikd v f nf; vGwaf jrmufrI t&[wå xGe;f yH?k Mumyef;csrD ;D yGiyfh ?kH jrif;rd&k rf ;D xGe;f yGu J si;f y Mumyef;yGiw fh u Ykd vnf; oDwif;uRwu f kd zkv d u f kd qifjcifwhJ ÓPftjrifEiS jfh ynhpf ykH gw,f/ yHkjzpfygonf/ BudKayawmhrnf/ rD;yHk;? rD;yHk;ysH? qDrD;? a&T0g? wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; vGwfajrmufrI OD;atmifBuD;\ 12 &moDbGJU vl;wm; a&mifpHkjzmí vif;vuf&ygrnf/ rD;½I;? rD;yef;? t&[wåzdkvfudk qifjcifwJh ÓPftjrifjynfhpHkrI ü &moD? eu©wf? yGJawmfwdkYom azmfjy½Hkru? ylawmfoHwdkYESihf vQyfvufovdk yGihfcufEG,fwdkY ESihfpyfwJhpum;udk a[majymygw,f/ ]rdrdudk,f rif;wdv Yk w T af wmfyu JG si;f yyHu k kd jzihf NrdKif&awmhrnf/ wd k i f v nf ; vG w f a jrmuf r I t&[wå z d k v f u d k ]]jrwf u sih f acgif x G # f ? oD w if ; xdkv-tcgor, qifjcifwJh ÓPftjrifESihfjynhfpHkwJh &[ef;? uRwfum;? a&TvGwfawmfyGJ? wufNAJcif;usif;? qD r D ; yG J a wmf n ? wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; vGwfajrmufrI NrdKUwGif;? NrdKUjyif xGef;vif;? nD(0g) NrdKUv,frSmrl 0guRwf y G J a wmf t vS ? t&[wåzdkvfudkqifjcifwJh ÓPftjrifjynhfpHk 0ef;A[d&k rf ;D jrif;rd&k v f nf;? r*fzv kd af &S;½I? ylaZmfvLS tbd " r® m w&m;oH x G e f ; &? rIESihf pyfwJhpum;udk ajymqdkwJh &[ef;}} qdkwJh í}} [k zGJUqdkxm;ygonf/ y0g&Pm? qH k ; ryJ h j yif & ? *kPf&nf[m csD;rGrf; zG,f&m *kPf&nfwpfrsKd;yif oD w if ; uRwf v tcgor,onf vT w f a wmf 0 if w J h v / jzpfygawmhw,f/ 0óefr;kd OD;ukeq f ;kH aom rd;k aESmif;v\ aemufq;kH yGihfvif;&moDudk zdwfac: ylaZmfrI tck wifjycJhwJh csD;rGrf;zG,f&m *kPf vyif? xdkYaMumihf rdk;tukef EIwfquf? rdk;zGJ wzkH? tpp tm;vHk;aysmf&TifMunfEl; ukokdvfvnf;&? &nfq,frsKd;wdkYESihfjynhfpHkMuwJh &[ef;? &Sif? vl? oJoJwpfrsKd; trsKd;pHk &GmoGef;aom aMumihf 0rf;vnf;0? vSyaom tcgor,? oDwif; 0gv jynfolwdkY[m twå[dw? y&[dwudk jyKvkyf ajrjyifwpfavQmuf pdv k u kd ?f ajcmufvu kd jf zihyf if/ uRwfaomv..../ aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;qdkwm txl;yif ajymp&m [kwfygonf uav;b0 pmtHoH oD v rd k ; puf y G i h f rvdkawmhyg/ 'gaMumihf &[ef;? &Sif? vl? jynfol em;xJ0ifvmyHku oDwif;uRwfv jrifuGif;tpHk tñT e f ; - OD ; atmif B uD ; \ 12 &moD b J G Y wdkY[m 'D csD;rGrf;zG,f&m *kPf&nfq,frsKd;xJu pHu k kd þodYk o½kyaf zmfzUJG ayNy/D &moD&UJ tnDpmoDrNd y/D vl w m;ES i f h t jcm;pmqk d w k d Y \ tzJ G Y

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"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

] MunhfvkyfMuyg } t&S i f o k p d w å o m& (rk w f u Ref ; &wem)

jrefrmjynfonf ax&0g'Ak'o ¨ moem awmf xGef;um;cJhonfrSm ESpfaygif;axmifcsDí Mumjrihcf NhJ yjD zpfonf/ &[ef;&Siv f l rsm;jynfow l Ykd wlrQaom,HkMunfrIo'¨gw&m;wdkYjzihf omoem awmfBu;D wk;d wufjyefyY mG ;a&;udk tm;oGecf eG pf u kd f BuKd ;yrf;aqmif&u G af eMuonfrmS vnf; tm;&p&m aumif;vGe;f vSonf/ omoemawmf wd;k wufjyefY yGm;a&;twGuf aqmif&GufMu&mwGif omoem awmfudk ouf0if,HkMunfMuolwdkY bmoma&; tod? bmoma&;A[kow k ç jynhpf <kH u,f0apa&;? omoemawmftm; ouf0if,HkMunfrI r&Sdao; olwdkYtm; omoemawmf\ tESpfom&wdkYudk

]uGufuGufuGif;uGif;} odjrifí omoemawmf tay: ,HkMunfudk;pm; tav;xm;rIrsm;&Sdvm apa&; paom omoemvkyfief;rsm;wGif? twGif us,f q H k ; vk y f i ef ; rsm;rS m omoemawmf \ tqH k ; trrsm;ud k pmayusrf ; *ef r sm;tjzpf a&;om;xkwfa0jcif;ESifh "r®obifyGJBuD;rsm; cif;usi;f í w&m;"r®wu Ykd kd "r®uxduq&mawmf rsm;rS a[majymay;jcif;wdkYyifjzpfonf/ txl;ojzihf w&m;a[majymjcif;u wpfBudrfwnf;wGif y&dowfaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm wdkYtm; bmoma&;todw&m;rsm;udk vG,fvihf wul od&SdapEdkifjcif;? w&m;jyol? w&m;a[mol

wdEYk iS fh y&dowftm; wdu k ½f u kd x f ad wGUrI &Sad ejcif; wdkYaMumifh ydkíwmoGm;NyD; c&D;a&mufonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ xdkYaMumihfvnf; ,cktcgwGif awma&mNrdKUyg w&m;yGJrsm;udk a&S;uxufydkí wcrf;wem; rsm;jym;pGmusif;yvmMuonfudk Ak'b ¨ mom0iftaygif;wdYk jrifawGUaeMu&jcif;jzpf onf / þuJ h o d k Y j zpf v mjcif ; onf tvG e f aumif;rGefaom aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jzpfonf rdkYvnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkif; tm;&ESpfNcdKufrI &SdaeMuvdrhfrnfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf þuJhodkY aqmif&GufMu&mwGif owdjyK&rnhftcsufrsm; udk w&m;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf aqmif&Guf Muukefaom tusdK;awmfaqmif ('g,um? 'g,dumr) wdYk qifjcifowd &Sad pEdik zf Ykd pma&;ol tenf ; i,f w if j yvd k y gonf / þwif j ycsuf rsm;onfvnf; omoemawmf\ *kPfodu©mESihf a&&S n f t usd K ;ud k a rQmf u d k ; í owd a y;onf [líom rSwf,lapvdkygonf/ a&S;OD;pGm owday;vdkonfrSm rdrdwdkY jref r mEd k i f i H o nf Ak ' ¨ o moemxG e f ; um;í vltrsm;pkrmS Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;jzpfonfreS af omf vnf; tjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; toift h wifh &Sad eonht f csuyf ifjzpfonf/ txl;ojzihf NrKd Ujy rsm;wG i f yd k í rsm;jym;pG m &S d a eMuygonf / xdkYaMumihf bmomç omoema&;ESifhywfouf aom vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmifMu&mwGif bmom jcm;wdkY uJh&Jp&m? txiftjrifao;p&m? a0zef p&mrsm;r&Sdatmif aqmif&GufwwfzdkY vdktyfyg onf/ taMumif;rSmrl tcsdKUaomvkyfaqmifrI rsm;onf bmomjcm;rsm;omru ud, k b fh mom0if tcsif;csif;uyif a0zefp&m? uJh&JUp&mrsm; jzpfay:aeonfudk awGU&aomaMumihfjzpfay onf/ þodjYk zpf&jcif;rSmvnf; ykxZk Ofvo l m;wdYk obm0 <um;0grI? yçvTm;rI paom vlaY bmifwiG f jzpf a vh & S d a om obm0rsm;ud k bmoma&; avmuodYk qGo J iG ;f vmMuoltcsKdUaMumih[ f q k u kd rSm;rnfrxifyg/ w&m;yGJusif;yolwdkYonf w&m;yGJudk taMumif;jyKí ywf0ef;usifem;rcHomavmuf atmif tcsdefrawmf "mwfpufrsm;udk us,f avmifpGmzGihfí tvSLcHMuonf/ NrdKUjyrsm;wGif

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ w&m;yGJaMumfjim&mü a&S;u ]pmvHk;ç ydkpwm} rsm;ESihfom aMumfjimorIjyKMuaomfvnf; ,ck tcgwGif rif;om;? rif;orD;wdkYudktwkvkdufí w&m;a[mrnhf "r®uxduq&mawmfrsm;\ ½kyyf kH ("mwfy)kH rsm;udk vlomG ;vrf;rBu;D rsm;wGif ydkpwmaxmifí aMumfjimjcif;rsm;jyKvyk v f mMu onf/ q&mawmf r sm; omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; vkyaf qmifEikd &f ef e0ur® tjzpf vSL'gef;vdo k nf qdku q&mawmfrsm;tm; jyefvnfydkYaqmifí ausmif ; wk d u f a &muf a om tcgrS avQmuf x m;NyD ; uyf v S L jcif ; ud k o m jyKoif h ygonf/ þodq Yk v kd Qif q&mawmfrsm;vnf; tuJ&h UJ vGwfrnfjzpfonf/ ,ckaomf vlw\ Ykd obm0 <um;0gyç vTm;vdak om pdwaf Mumifh ]b,folu b,frQvSLygonf} [lí aMujimay;½Hkomru q&mawmf\a&SUüyif "mwfyHk? ADG'D,dkrsm;½dkufí jyKrl v mMuonf r S m bmoma&;½I a xmih f uMunhfvQif vGefpGm t½kyf qdk;vSayonf/ aemufwpfckrSm w&m;yGJusif;yolwdkY onf *kPw f *k P k Nf yKd it f aetm;jzihf rdrw d u Ykd si;f y aom w&m;yGJudk y&dowfrsm;rsm;vmap&ef? "r®ylZmrsm;rsm;&ap&ef emrnfBuD;? EdkifiHausmf "r® u xd u rsm;ud k o m tvk t ,uf r&ç &atmif yifhMuonf/ NyD;vQif igwdkYw&m;yGJrSm y&dowf rnfrQrsm;onf? "r®ylZm rnfrQ&onf pojzih<f um;0grIuo kd m a&SUwef;wifaeMuonf/ emrnfBuD; "r®uxdutcsdKUonf wpfaeYwnf; ESihf w&m;yGEJ pS yf rJG S oH;k yGw J ikd af tmif a[majymae Muonf u d k v nf ; awG U vm&onf / jref r m jynfrmS w&m;a[m"r®uxduawG trsm;tjym; &Sdaeygvsuf vlYabmifaeolwdkY obm0t& t&m&mü yk*¾dKvfpGJESihf *kPfyk'fudk a&S;wef;wif um <um;0gvd k r I ç yçvT m ;vd k r I w d k Y a Mumih f jzpf&onf[k jrifrdygonf/ pifppftm;jzihf w&m;a[m"r®uxduwpfyg;onf jrwfbk&m; \ w&m;awmf u d k emMum;ol w d k Y em;vnf oabm aygufatmif ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifa[mMum; Edik v f Qif emrnfBu;D rI? rBu;D rIonf t"dur[kw?f emMum; olwdkY w&m;&zdkYom ta&;BuD;ygonf/ odaYk omf w&m;yGu J si;f yolwu Ydk rl *kPyf umoe udk taMumif;jyKí emrnfBuD;olrsm;udkom tav; xm;um emrnf r BuD ; ao;vQif rnfrQt&nftcsif;&Sd&Sd acgif;xJyif rxnhf csiMf uay/ emrnfrBu;D ao;aom "r®uxduudk yihfrdvQif y&dowfenf; rnf? y&dowfenf;vQif "r® y l Z mt&enf ; rnf u d k pd k ; &d r f M uonf / pifppftm;jzihf wu,hfomoem jyKpdwf"mwf jzihf w&m;a[mw&m;jyol rSefygu rnfonhf ]vmbfvmb}udkrQ rufarmp&m taMumif;

r&Sdyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmf tcgu omoemjyK&[ef;awmfrsm; rnfuJhodkY omoem jyKcJhMuonfudk Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkif; Mum;zl;em;0 &S d M uvd r f h r nf x if y gonf / &S i f & [ef ; wd k Y ysufpD;aMumif;wGif ]vmbfvmb} vnf; tyg t0ifjzpfonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ tEk y nmavmuüyif ,ck t cg tjrifus,fvmMuonfjzpfí &Gufykef;oD;rsm;? rD;cJjymzHk;jzpfaeaomtEkynm&Sifrsm;udk tcGihf tvrf;awGzGihfay;í ajrawmifajr§mufay;ae onfudk awGUae&ygonf/ w&m;yGJusif;yolwdkY uvnf; emrnfBuD;olwdkY\aemufudkcsnf; vkduf raeMubJ t&nftcsif;&Sdaom? tpGrf;tp &Sdaom &Gufykef;oD; "r®uxdursm;? rD;cJjymzHk; jzpfaeaom "r® u xd u ç avmif ; vsmrsm;ud k tjrifus,fus,fjzihf y&dowftv,fodkY yGJxkwf (pif w if ) ay;zd k Y v k d y gonf / t&nf t csif ; &Sdygvsuf tpGrf;tp&Sdygvsuf a[majymcGihf r&aom &S i f & [ef ; rsm; oH C mh a vmuwG i f trsm;tjym;&Sdaeonfudk owdjyKoihfygonf/ ]xif a y:vQif pif a wmf u aumuf o nf } qd k a omf v nf ; xd k u J h o d k Y xif a y:Ed k i f r nh f tcG i f h t vrf ; r&S d v Qif pif a wmf u vnf ; aumufp&mtaMumif;&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ &[ef; oH C mqk d o nf r S m w&m;a[mvd k í uk d , h f oabmESifhudk,f yv’ifay:wufí a[mcGifhr&Sd yg/ ]rdrd w&m;a[myg&ap} [lívnf; olwum udk vku d í f b,f&iS çf &[ef;urS tcGiahf wmif;Mu vdrhfrnfr[kwfyg/ emMum;vdkolu yihfavQmuf rS? BuD;uJolwdkYu tcGifhay;rSom a[mMu&ay onf/ tu,fíom bmoma&;tjrifus,fol jzpf y gu tem*wf o moemawmf 0 ef u d k xrf;aqmifMurnhf rsdK;qufopfrsm;udkazmfxkwf í ajrawmifajr§mufay;oihfygonf/ ,ckaomf um; tem*wfwGif oD;yGihfvmrnhf ]"r®uxdu avmif;vsm} &Siçf &[ef;wdt Yk m; ajrawmifajrm§ uf vrf;zGifhay;Murnhf toif;tzGJUrsm;rSm vufn§dK; xdk;jyp&m r&Sad vmufatmif &Sm;yg;vmygonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm w&m;emMum;Muaom y&dowfrsm;uvnf; emrnfBu;D "r®uxdursm; \ w&m;ud k r S tav;xm;emMum;vd k M uonf / ]w&m;yG&J w dS ,f} vkMYd um;vQif ]b,fq&mawmfv}J [kar;í? rMum;zl;ç remzl;aom emrnfrausmf Mum;ao;aom "r®uxduqdkvQif odyfpdwfr0if pm;Mu? ]yk*v ¾ ESihf "r®} ESpXf mewGif "r®ukd a&SUwef; rwifEdkif yk*¾dKvfpGJoluom rsm;aeonf/ ]]yk*¾dKvf cifrS w&m;rif}} [kqdk&mwGif yk*¾dKvfuyxr w&m;u 'kw, d ae&mrSmxm;ojzihf rnfrQppfreS f aumif;rGeaf omw&m;jzpfygap}} yk*Kd¾ vrf cifojzihf

37

w&m;vnf; rrifEdkif}} jzpfaeonf/ w&m;yGJrS jyefvmoltm; ar;jref;&mwGiv f nf; w&m;&cJ&h UJ vm;[k ar;&rnht f pm;? ]y&dowfrsm;&JUvm;? "r® ylZm b,favmuf&ovJ? w&m;a[mbke;f Bu;D u toHaumif;&JUvm;? Oy"d½yk af um cefjY im;&JUvm;? w&m;a[m aumif;&JUvm; [líom ar;wwfMu NyD; t"duar;cGef;udkrl arhaewwfMujyefonf/ wcsdKUolrsm;rSm yk*¾dKvfpGJtvGefoefol rsm;jzpfonftm;avsmpf mG ]onfbek ;f Bu;D rS onf bke;f Bu;D } wjcm;bke;f Bu;D a[maomw&m;qdv k Qif remcsif[kyif qdkolrsm;vnf; &Sdayao;onf/ wpfcguvnf; &yfuu G w f pfcw k iG f w&m;yGu J si;f y &ef w&m;a[m"r®uxduyih&f mwGif ]olb Y ek ;f Bu;D rygvd?Yk ihgbke;f Bu;D rygvd}Yk [lí tcsi;f csi;f pum; rsm;Mu? pdw0f rf;uGMJ ujyefonf/ vkyaf omtvkyf uawmh ukokdvfa&;yifjzpfaomfvnf; ukodkvf r&cif tukov kd af wGu tvsiyf mG ;aeMuonf/ w&m;emjcif;onf ]w&m;&zd}Yk uom t"dujzpf ayonf/ odkYaomf avmuDvlom;wdkYobm0 t&m&mwG i f yumoeud k a&S U wef ; wif í <um;0gyvTm;rI? *kPfwk*kPfNydKif tEdkif&vdkrI awG u om BuD ; pd k ; vsuf tbuf b uf w G i f cRwf,Gif;csufawG? tm;enf;csufawG rsm;jym; rIaMumifh ]ukodkvfvkyf&if; tukodkvf} jzpfae onf u d k owd j yKMuapcsif ygonf / ]]o'¨ g ursm;? ÓPfuyg;? trSm; MunfndKwwf}} [l í ol a wmf a umif ; tqH k ; tr &S d c J h o nf tm;avsmfpGm o'¨gw&m;rnfodkYyif BuD;rm;ae ygap? tqdk;taumif;udk oifhroifhç awmf rawmfç a0zefydkif;jcm;wwfaom ÓPfynm enf;yg;aevQif trSm;jzpfwwfonfudk qifjcif owd&SdzdkYvdkygonf/ xdkYaMumihf tusdK;awmfaqmif 'g, umç 'g,dumrrsm;wdo Yk nf bmomç omoem jyefYyGm;ç wdk;wufa&;udpörsm;udk aqmif&GufMu &mwGif olwpfyg;wdkY uJh&JUzG,f&m? tjypfqdkzG,f &m jzpfapEkid af om? bmomw&m;\ *kPo f u d m© udk xdcdkufn§dK;EGrf;apEdkifaom trIudpörsm;udk owd x m;a&S m if & S m ;í rd r d w d k Y t wG u f v nf ; tusd K ; &S d ? omoemawmf t wG u f v nf ; a&&SnftusdK; jzpfapEdkifrnhf tjypfuif;aom? tESpfom&&Sd aom tm;xkwfjcif;rsdK;udkom tav;xm;í BuKd ;pm;aqmif&u G o f ihyf gaMumif; a&;om;wifjy vkduf&ayawmhownf;/ t&S i f o k p d w å o m& (rk w f u Ref ; &wem)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

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euk v yD w m ...? cE¨mukd,fj'yf? emusifwwfrihf pdwf"mwftwGif;? temuif;atmif oefY&Sif;rIpyf? usifhokH;tyf\/ (eukvyDwkokwf? oH,kwfygVdawmf)

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b0tvkduf? BuKHBuKdufcJh& &Snfumv0,f? 'ku©rsm;pGm temrsKd;pkH? zefzefpkHvsuf pdwfysufp&m? pdwftemESihf tcgrsm;pGm? aezl;ygNyD cE¨ m om em? pd w f rematmif ajzom&m&? xk d b 0uk d cPjzpf a p? &ygapcsi &ygapcsif

Ä

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rk& H GmNrKd U? v,fwq D &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D "DyeDusr;f rsm;pGmwku Yd dk a&;om;awmfrc l &hJ m XmeBu;D jzpfaom aejynfawmf? ysO;f rem;NrKd U? aAm"dyu©, d ½kyy f mG ;jrwf oDwif;ok;H awmfr& l ef *E¨u#k w d u dk Bf u;D aqmufvyk v f KS L'ge;f Ekid yf gaMumif; EdI;aqmfjcif; rkH&GmNrdKU? v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; aAm"dyu©d,'DyeDusrf;BuD; a&;om;awmfrl&m aejynfawmf? ysOf;rem;NrdKU? &mZXmeDvrf;rBuD;teD; OD ; Ak a '¨ g awm&ausmif ; wk d u f B uD ; wG i f wnf x m;uk d ; uG , f v suf & S d a om aAm"d y u© d , ½k y f y G m ;jrwf B uD ; oD w if ; ok H ; awmf r l & ef aiG u syf ( 355)od e f ; ausmf w ef *E¨ u k # d w k d u f B uD ; aqmuf v k y f v S K L'gef ; rnf j zpf y gí o'¨ g Munfvifyg&rD&Sif taygif;wkdYrS ukokdvfawmfyg0ifEkdifMuyg&ef EdI;aqmf tyf y gonf /

qufoG,fvSL'gef;&ef 1/ ol & OD ; atmif u k d ? 'k w d , 0ef B uD ; ? omoema&;0ef B uD ; Xme zk e f ; -067-406008 2/ OD ; rsKd ; ausmf ? ñT e f M um;a&;rS L ;csKyf ? omoema&;OD ; pD ; Xme zkef;-067-406004 3/ OD ; jrif h O D ; ? ½k H ; tzJ G Y r S L ;? omoema&;0ef B uD ; Xme zk e f ; -067-406008

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

39

Ak'¨ç "r®ç oHCa&;&m ar;cGef;ESihf tajzvTm edAÁmefonf twåavm? tewåavm q&mBuD ; cif A sm;.. "r® u xd u q&mawmfwpfyg;u edAÁmefukd tewåw&m;vdkY a[maeygw,f? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf edAÁmefudk tewå[k wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ a[mawmfrrlcJhay vdYk a[mxm;wmudk Mum;em&ygw,f/ q&mBu;D wdu Yk tbd"r®m oifMum;ydcYk s&if;uae edAmÁ efukd tewåvdkY a[mMum;ydkYcsaeygw,f/ rnfonfh t,ltqu trSefygvJq&m} [k tbd"r®m oif w ef ; ol w pf O D ; u yd k Y c scsd e f t m;vyf c sd e f ü vma&mufaqG;aEG;NyD; tajzawmif;ygonf/ pma&;ol\tar;u av;euf ae ovdk wpfbufuvnf; EdkifiHausmf "r®uxdu q&mawmfu a[mxm;onfqdkí omrefESihf ajzí r&? taxmuftxm;ESihfajzrS&rnfudk owdjyKrdvdkufygonf/ odkYtwGuf aemufwpfywfusvQif tbd"r®moifwef;om;tm;vHk; od&Sdoabm aygufatmif aqG;aEG;Muygrnf[k tmrbaEÅ cHvu kd &f ygonf/ rdro d nf wpfbufu r,fvrk tbd " r® m oif w ef ; ? jrwf r *F v m tbd " r® m oifwef;? ajrmufOuúvmy aq;½HkBuD;ü 0dok'd¨ r*foifwef;jyaeaom q&mwpfOD;jzpfaeovdk EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdåomoemwuúodkvf okwåEÅ yd#uwf r[mXmeü wGJbuf ygarmu©tjzpf wm0ef x rf ; aqmif a e&aom yk * ¾ K d v f w pf O D ; jzpfaeí rdrdoifMum;ydkYcsae&aom okwåef 0denf;? tbd"r®mwdkYü xdkjyóem\ tajzudk &Sm&ygawmhonf/ tbd"r®mw&m;awmfü pdwf? apw oduf ½kyf? edAÁmefw&m;wdkYonf razmufrjyef rSefuefaom jrwfaom y&rwåw&m;rsm;jzpf onf[kqdkxm;aomaMumihf xdk"r®uxduonf edAÁmefudk twåNrJonf[k qdkoavm¿ ygVdawmfrsm;ü edAÁmefudk edpöom&? okcom&[ka[mxm;onfudk aumuf,lNyD; edAÁmefonf twåjzpfonf[k qdkoavm¿ pOf;pm;p&mjzpfaeygonf/ ygVd t| uxm? #Dumroifzl;ol Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYtzdkY rSmrl "r®uxdua[morQ ajymorQ trSecf sn;f bJ[k ,lq,HkMunfMuayrnf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu umvmrokwfü a[mwdik ;f r,Hek ?YJ usr;f *efvmqdw k ikd ;f vnf; r,Hek ?YJ

rd½dk;zvmqdkNyD;awmhvnf; r,HkeJY? q&morm; pum;jzpf w ,f q k d N yD ; awmh v nf ; r,H k e J Y [ k twdtvif; vrf;ñTeaf [mMum;xm; aomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkY Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ü pmayavhvmrI? oif,lrItm;enf;Muí bkef;BuD; qdkaomyk*¾dKvf a[morQ ajymorQ t[kwfrSwfí trSefxif wwfMuonf/ 'kwd,oH*g,em wwd,oH*g,em wif&jcif;taMumif;rsm;udk Munhfygu oHudk oH zsuf oHacs;wufqdkouJhokdY Ak'¨omoemudk Ak'o ¨ moem0efxrf;&[ef;rsm;\ 0denf;awmfEiS fh qefYusifpGmjyKrlrIaMumihf oH*g,emwif&jcif; jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYonf umvmrok w f v m Ak ' ¨ \ vrf ; ñT e f c suf u d k txl;owdxm;aqmif&Gufvkyfudkif usihfBuHMu yg&ef wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/ ed A Á m ef o nf twå a vm? tewå avm0g'ES i h f ywf o uf í 0d e ,yd # uwf y&d 0 gygVd a wmf ü ]ocFwjzpfaom tvHk;pHkaom½kyf? emrf o cF g &wd k Y o nf rNrJ ? qif ; &J ? touf (ZD0)? (twå) tESpfuif;Mu\? (tedpö? 'ku©? tewå j zpf M u\) ed A Á m ef E S i h f ynwf wd k Y u d k tewå[k qHk;jzwftyfukef\} [k a[mxm; onf u d k awG U &ygonf / y#d o rd Ç ' gr*f t |uxmü]ed A Á m ef w &m;onf twå r &S d a om aMumihf twåoknrnf\(0g) tewårnf\/ ocF w ? tocF w jzpf a om cyf o d r f ; aom w&m;wd k Y o nf twå [ k q d k aom yk * ¾ d K vf r &S d a omaMumih f twå o k n rnf\? tewårnf\/ (y#doH? X-2-246)[k zG i h f q d k x m;ygonf / ,i AÁ "r® ,iff ; t|uxmvm oa oaAÁ " r®m tewåm tzG i h f ü vnf ; oaAÁ " r® m [l a om pum;ü ed A Á m ef u d k v nf ; twG i f ; oG i f ; jyKí qd k t yf \ [k qd k x m;ygonf / þ y#d o rd Ç ' gr*f t |uxmq&m pum;tqdkt&rl ocFw tocFww&m;tm; vHk;onf tewå[kqdkxm;onfhtwGuf edAÁmef onf twår[kwf? tewå[kqdk&ygrnf/ t|uxm q&mpum;jzpfí r,Hk Munftyf[kqdkp&m&Sdvmygonf/ t|uxm

qdo k nfrmS ygVdawmfukd o'´gtpOf? teuftpOf? ed'gef;0w¬KwdkYESihfwuG zGihfqdktyfaom pum; tpOfjzpfygonf/ xdkt|uxmonf]]yxro*Ðwd,H,mt|uxm o*Ð wmwd0paee,m b*0awm p&rmeumavyd t|uxm oH0Zd w Æ ?d aweygaXm0d, b*0H rlvd umwd0dnm,wd}} [laom tEl#Dum\ pum; t& t|uxmonf bk&m;&Sif vufxufu yif &SdcJhaMumif;od&ygonf/ ]or®morÁKa'¨ae0 [d wdPÖrdÜ yd#um eH tw¦ o H 0 PÖ e muú a rm bmod a wm ,m yudPÖu uxmwd 0kpöwd} ]bk & m;&S i f o nf xd k x d k y gVd a wmf u d k a[mNyD;aemuf tcsKdU okwåefwdkYwGif ray:vGif rxif&Sm;aom yk'fwdkY\ teuft"dyÜg,fwdkYudk &Sif;vif;a[mjyavh&Sdonf/ ,if;udk yudPÖu uxm[kac:onf/ (t|uxm [lívnf;ac:onf)[k 'DCedum ,#Dumü zGihfqdkjyxm;ygonf/ o*Fg,emoH;k wef wif&m0,f y#dordÇ 'gywå? qVmbdn&[EÅm t&Sifjrwfrsm;yg0ifcJh onfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ yxro*Fg,emwif aom oHCmawmf tyg; 500? 'kw, d o*Fg,em wifaom oHCmtyg; 700? wwd,o*Fg,em wifaom oHCmawmftyg; 1000 wdkYonf y#dordÇ'gywå (pmwwfaywwf &[EÅmrsm;) qVm bdn (wefcdk;tbdnmOf& &[EÅmrsm;) &[EÅmrsm;jzpfMuay&m ygVdawmfuo hJ yYkd if cdik rf m aom rSeu f efaom t|uxmrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ þt|uxmtqdktrdefYrsm;udk r,Hk Munf[q k ykd gu y#dord'Ç g ywå qVmbdn f &[EÅm tpOftqufwdkY xdef;odrf;aqmif,lcJhaom ygVd t|uxmrsm;udk tav;tjrwfjyK&ma&muf ouJh odYk Ak'u ¨ v kd nf; ypfy,f&m a&mufrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tay:ü apwemxm;í todw&m;ay;vdak om "r®uxd ursm;onfvnf;aumif;? Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;onf vnf;aumif; bk&m;&Sifa[mMum; a'oem rsm;udk aocsm *epGm avhvmemMum; rSwfom; Ny;D a[mMuajymMuyg&ef wdu k w f eG ;f tyfygonf/ r[mo'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? bD a t)

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