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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

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tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om

jrwfAk'¨a'oemESihf ,aeYurÇm w&m;a'oemawmf Ak'¨jrwfpGm vlYavmurSm ay:xGef;vmcJhwm[m trsm;owå0g awG&JU ][dwokc} tvdkYiSm ay:xGef;vmcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ ][dw} qdkwm tajctaeaumif;awGudk ac:ygw,f/ ][dw} qdkwJh tajctaeaumif; awG&SdrSomvQif ]okc} vdkYac:wJh udk,fcsrf;omrI? pdwfcsrf;omrIb0rSm tqifajyrI b0oHo&mu vGwfajrmufrI qif;&J'ku©awGudk ausmfvTm; EdkifrIqdkwJh tusdK;w&m;awGudk &EdkifrSmyg/ ][dw} qdkwm taMumif;w&m;? ]okc} qdkwm tusdK;w&m;? taMumif;w&m;ESihftusdK;w&m;ESpfrsdK;pHk jzpfay:aprSomvQif wnfNrJwJh csrf;omokcqdkwm jzpfEdkifygw,f/ tajctaeaumif;awG r&SdyJESifh csr;f omokc&&SEd ikd w f ,f csr;f omokcwnf&EdS ikd w f ,fqw kd m rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY Ak'¨jrwfpGm yGihfay:vmwmESihf ywfoufNyD;awmh ]tw¬m, [dwm, okcg, a'0rEkómeH} vdkYa[mwmyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;[m owå0gawG&JUtusdK;twGuf owå0gawG&JU tajctaeaumif;awG &&Szd t Ykd wGuf owå0gawG ud, k pf w d Ef pS jf zmcsr;f om a&;twGuf yGiv hf mw,f? yGiv hf mNy;D awmh a[mMum;wJw h &m;awG[mvnf; yJ tajctaeaumif;awGudk jzpfay:apNyD; ]okc} qdkwJh udk,fcsrf;omrI? pdwfcsrf;omrIawGudk jzpfay:apwmyg/ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG &JU a'oemawmfawG[m vlb Y 0&&Sx d m;wJyh *k Kd¾ vaf wG twGuf tajcaeaumif;awGudk jzpfay:apNyD;rS ]csrf;omokc} udk &&Sdap wJh w&m;rsdK;jzpfygw,f/ (38) jzm r*Fvmw&m;awmfqdkwJhae&mrSm r*Fvmqdkwm aumif;usdK;csrf;omawGeJY t&m&mrSm atmifjrifrIawGudk qdw k myg/ b,fupd rö qdk t½I;H r&Sb d eJ YJ t&m&matmifjrifEikd w f mudk ajymwm yg/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd r*Fvokwx f rJ mS ]oAÁw¬ ry&mZdwm? oAÁw¬ aomw aomwdåd H *päEÅd} t½IH;r&Sd t&m&mrSm atmifjrifw,f? csrf;omokc&Edkifw,fvdkY a[mwmyg/ 'g r*Fvm&JU tusdK;o½kyfudk azmfjywmyg/ xdkuJhodkY t&m&m atmifjrifzkdYESihf t&m&mcsrf;omzdkYqdkwm (38)rsdK;aom tajctae aumif; awGudk &&SdrSomjzpfygw,f/ vlrdkufawGeJY raygif;jcif;? ynm&SdeJYaygif;jcif;qdkwm tajcae aumif;awGukd zefw;D ay;wm/ tJ'v D kd vlru kd af wGeYJ raygif;bJ ynm&Sad wG ESihfaygif;jcif;vdkYqdkwJh tajctaeaumif;r&Sdbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if csrf;omokcqkd wJh r*FvmtusdK;w&m; r&Edkifygbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mwJh w&m;a'oemawmfawG[m oHo&m0#f u vGwfNyD;awmh edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &zdkYqdkwmcsnf; wpfckxJr[kwfygbl;/

oHo&mxJ usifvnfaewJh tcsdefrSmvnf;yJ t&m&mtqifajyNyD; tajc taeaumif;awG &&SdNyD; csrf;omokc&zdkY? wpfb0uae wpfb0oHo&m xJvnfwt hJ cgrSmvnf;bJ qif;&J'u k © enf;Edik o f rQenf;Ny;D csr;f csr;f omom &SdzdkY w&m;"r®awGudk a[mxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'gu wpfykdif;yg/ aemufqHk; oHo&m0#fuaevGwfNyD; ]tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;} vdYk qdw k hJ 'Dqif;&J'u k a© wGu vH;k 0vGwaf jrmufwhJ xm0&Nird ;f csr;f wJh tNird ;f "mwf u d k &&S d c sif w ,f q d k v J jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mwJ h w &m;awmf u xdkaemufqHk;tqihfjzpfwJh ]edAÁmefcsrf;om} udkvJ a&muf&SdapwJh enf;vrf; awGudk azmfjyxm;w,f/ 'DuaeY jrefrmEdik if rH mS &Sw d hJ Ak'b ¨ mom0if olawmfpifawGtrsm; pku Ak'¨jrwfpGma[mxm;wJh ]yd#uwfo;kH oG,f edum,fig;jzm "r®uE© m¨ aygif; &Spaf omif;av;axmif} qdkwJh 'Dw&m;awG[m avmukwå&mw&m; awGjzpfw,f/ bkef;BuD;pmawGjzpfw,f? 'dkYeJYrqdkifbl;/ 'DvdkxifMuw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mwJhw&m;awG[m avmukwå&mudk OD;wnfwmrSefaomf vnf; avmurSm aea&;xkdifa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIqufqHa&;? EdkifiHa&; qdw k m tqifwajy&Szd Ykd enf;vrf;trsKd ;rsKd ;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mxm;cJw h m yg/ 'gaMumifhrdkY yd#uwfw&m;awmfawG[m edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; w&m;csnf;r[kwfygbl;/ edAÁmefra&mufcifpyfMum; oHo&mvnfaewJh tcsdefrSm pD;yGm;b,fvdk&Sm&r,f? udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;atmif b,fvdk vky&f r,f? qif;&J'u k a© wG oufomatmif b,fvakd exkid &f r,f? t&m&m atmifjrifatmif b,fvdkusihfoHk;&r,fqdkwm tajccHupNyD;awmh &Sif;vif;xm;wm yd#uwfxJrSm ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]t*Fkwå&edum,f} ]tE¨okwåef} rSm a[mxm; wmu avmurSm vl&,fvdkYjzpfvmvdkY&Sd&if todÓPfrsufpdESpfrsdK; &Sd& r,fwJh/ pD;yGm;&SmwwfwJh rsufpdvJ&Sd&r,f? udk,fusifhw&m;eJYywfoufNyD; taumif;tqdk; taMumif;tusdK;cGJjcm;odwwfwJh ]"r®rsufpd} vnf;&Sd& r,f/ avmuvlom;awG[m rsufpdESpfvHk;&SdrS jynhfpHkovdkyJ vlYb0&vm vdkY&Sd&ifvnf;yJ 'DynmrsufpdESpfrsdK;&Sd&r,f/ vljzpfvm&if pD;yGm;&Smwwf& r,f? udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;atmif usihfoHk;wwf&r,f? 'grS jynhfpHkwJh vlom; (ideal person) vdYk taumif;qH;k vlom;wpfa,mufjzpfzt Ykd wGuf jrwfpGmbk&m; vrf;ñTefxm;wmyg/ pD;yGm;rsufpdqdkwm r&ao;wJh pnf;pdrfOpömawG&atmif? &NyD; om; pnf;pdrfOpömawGudk wdk;yGm;atmifvkyfwJh enf;ynmawG wwfuRrf;

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) AE¨ e m*g& 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg aESmiftrd üf oGi;f xm;ukeaf omvlwu Ykd dk &[ef;wdYk qG r f ; cH & mwG i f j rif c J h í bk & m;&S i f t m; jrif c J h aMumif;ukd avQmufukef\/ bk&m;&Sifonf cspf o m;wd k Y þaES m if t d r f o nf NrJ N rH a om aESmiftrd f r[kwaf o;/ umr*kPw f nf;[laom aESmiftrd f onfom NrNJ raH omaESmiftrd w f nf;[k rdeaYf wmfrl í ]]e wH 'V§H AE¨erm[k "D&m}} paom ESpf*gxm ukd a[mawmfrlonf/ e wH 'V§H AE¨erm[k "D&m? ,'g,oH 'g½kZyAÁZÍö/ om&wå&wåm rPduk@avok? ykawåok 'ga&ok p ,m tayu©m/ {wH 'V§H AE¨erm[k "D&m?

Mo[m&deH odxdvH 'kyÜrkÍöH/ {wrÜd aqwGme y&dAÁZEÅd? teayu©daem umrokcH y[m,/

jref r muAsm oHajccsif;vkH; xdwfwkH;BuKd;ukd?

NrJatmifzGJUvJ aESmifzGJUrqkd? ywåjrm;aumif; em;awmif;yefvkd? orD;om; r,m;cspfolukd/ vGefwyfruf iJhuGufaESmifBuKd;qkd/ umr*kPfiJh aESmifzGJU[kqdk? tyg,fbkHokdY aqmifykdYoukd? vGwf&efcufcJ avsmhNrJpGJykd? ÓPfjzihfjzwf vlwwfaESmifBuKd;ukd/ umrpGefYvsuf iJhuGufrvdk? awmxGufjref; &[ef;jyKMuqkd/ That which is made of iron, wood or hemp is not a strong bond, say the wise; (but) that longing for jewels, ornaments, children, and wives is far greater an attachment.

That bond is strong, say the wise, it hurls down, yields, and is hard to loosen; this too they cut off, and leave the world,

wmudk ajymwm/ xdkodkY wwfuRrf;rSomvQif avmurSm ryifryef; csrf; csrf;omomeJY aeEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/ ukodkvfaumif;rIawG vkyfEdkifrSmjzpfyg w,f/ aemufwpfzufuvnf; pD;yGm;bufu wdk;wuf½Hkwifrjzpfbl;/ ud, k u f siw fh &m;aumif;zd?Yk pdw"f mwfjrihrf m;zdq Yk w kd b hJ ufuvnf;yJ tifrwef rS ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;wpfckxJom&SmwwfNyD; udk,fusihfw&m; rygbl;/ udk,fusifhw&m;eJYywfoufwJh todr&Sdbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if xdkyk*¾dKvfrsdK; [m rsufpdwpfvHk;uG,faewJhyk*¾dKvfeJYwlw,f/ pD;yGm;ud&k mS wwfNy;D awmh ud, k u f siw hf &m;bufu todÓPfr&Sd bl;qdk&if 'Dyk*¾dKvfrsdK;[m pD;yGm;udk&wJhenf;eJY &Smwwfw,f/ ydkufqH& Ny;D a&mqdw k t hJ aetxm;rsKd ;aMumifh xdyk *k Kd¾ v[ f m ud, k u f siw fh &m;uif;rJo h l jzpfvmw,f/ ol&vmwJh pnf;pdrfOpömvnf; Mum&SnfcHwJh pnf;pdrfOpöm rjzpfygbl;/ wpfcPwmrQ pD;yGm;a&;atmifjrifaomfvnf; rMumcif xdpk ;D yGm;a&;[m vufvw T q f ;kH ½I;H oGm;Edik yf gw,f/ ud, k u f siw fh &m;ESifh xde;f rxm;vdkY&Sd&if pD;yGm;Opömwdk;wufrI[m xdkyk*¾dKvftwGuf tEÅ&m,fBuD; jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumif h r d k Y jrwf p G m bk & m;u tod y nmES p f r sd K ;&atmif vkyf&r,f/ 'g tajctaeaumif;awGyJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u tajctae aumif;awG a[may;wm/ at;..'Db0rSm csrf;omokcawG&zdkYqdkwJh taMumif;awGeyYJ wfoufNy;D pD;yGm;a&;ESiyhf wfoufNy;D 'Db0rSmjynhpf &kH rnhf tcsuftvufawGudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mwm/

with no longing renouncing sensual pleasures.

pum;ajy/ / oH j zih f j yKvk y f t yf a om oHajccsif; paom taESmiftzGJU? opfom;jzihf jyKvkyftyfaom xdwfwkH; paom taESmiftzGJU? jruf? avQmfrQifwdkYjzihfjyKvkyftyfaom BuKd; paom taESmiftzGUJ ukd cdik Nf raJ omtaESmiftzGUJ r[k w f [ k ynm&S d w d k Y qk d u k e f \ / ywå j rm; em;awmif;rsm;ESihf qif,if0wfpm;xm;onhf om;orD ; ES i h f r,m;wd k Y u k d tvG e f w yf r uf wG,fwmjcif;twGuf iJhuGufjcif;ukdom ckdifNrJ aomtaESmiftzGJU[k ynm&SdwdkY qkdukef\/ (tyg,fav;yg; wnf;[laom ,kwfedrfh&modkY aqmifwwfaom zGUJ rSe;f rodzUJG ojzih)f avsm[ h ef &Sdaomfvnf; vGwfEkdif&efcJ,Of;aom þwPSm wnf ; [l a om taES m if t zG J U uk d v nf ; jzwf awmufí ynm&SdwdkYonf umr*kPfcsrf;omukd y,fpeG í Yf (om; r,m; ponfwu Ykd )dk iJu h u G jf cif; r&SdbJ awmxGuf (&[ef;jyK) Muukef\/

vl a vmu[m 'D b 0jynh f p H k ½ H k e J Y rNyD ; ao;bl ; / vl a wG r S m b0oHo&mqdw k m &Sad eonht f wGuaf Mumihf 'Db0aumif;½Hak v;eJY rNy;D ao; bl;/ aemifb0twGuf tem*wfa&;qdw k mudk xnho f iG ;f pOf;pm;Ny;D jyifqif oihfw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkvdkY aemifb0aumif;zdkYtwGufudkvnf;yJ ckaeu BudKBudKwifwif jyifjyifqifqifqdkwm &Sd&ygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;eJyY wfoufawmifrb S J tckacwfrmS tem*wfajrm§ rf eS ;f csufawGeJY pDrHudef;BuD;awGcsNyD;awmh aqmif&GufMu&wm r[kwfvm;/ xdw Yk yl gbJ ud, k &fh UJ b0rSm 'Db0wpfcx k aJ tmifjrifvYkd rjzpfygbl;/ aemifb0 twGuu f v kd nf;yJ arQmv f ihcf suEf iS fh pDru H ed ;f awGxm;zdYk vdt k yfygao;w,f/ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG vufxufawmf umvwke;f u aumvd,wkid ;f ]uuú &ywå} qdw k NhJ rKd UrSm jrwfpmG bk&m;a&muf&adS ewJt h csed yf ikd ;f av;rSm tJ'D ]uuú &ywå} u ]'DCZmPk} qdkwJh trsdK;om;OD;aqmifNyD;awmh Ak'¨jrwfpGmxH 0ifa&mufcsO;f uyfMuw,f/ olwu Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;udak vQmufw,f ]]t&Sif bk&m; wynhfawmfwdkY[m 'Db0rSmvJ csrf;csrf;omom aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif rdom;pkeYJ okid ;f odik ;f 0dik ;f 0dik ;f aecsiyf gw,f/ aemifb0rSmvnf; aumif;&m bHkb0udk a&mufcsifw,f/ tJ'DvdkjzpfEdkifwJh tajctaeaumif;awGrsm; &Sdygovm;}} wJh/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]&Sw d ,f? 'Db0twGuf ][dwokc} tajctae aumi;fawGeJY csrf;omokcudk &apEdkifwJhtcsufav;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ aemifb0 twGufvnf;bJ tajctaeaumif;awGay;NyD;awmh csrf;omokcudk&ap Edik w f hJ taMumif;w&m;av;rsKd ;&Sw d ,f}} qdNk y;D t*Fw k &å edum,frmS yJ jrwfpmG

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

bk&m;a[mxm;wJhokwfwpfokwfudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;wm&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DokwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'Db0twGuf ][dwokc} tajc taeaumif;awGeJYcsrf;omudk &apwwfwJh tcsufuawmh... eHygwf (1) ]O|meorÜ'g}g}- ud, k v f yk w f v hJ yk if ef;eJyY wfoufNy;D awmh BuKd ;BuKd ;pm;pm;vkyu f ikd &f r,f/ tJ'D O|meorÜ'g wufwuf<u<u BuKd ;BuKd ; pm;pm;vkyw f ,fqw kd ahJ e&mrSm jrwfpmG bk&m;u xyfNy;D awmh&iS ;f xm;w,f/ BudK;pm;wdkif;&ovm;qdkawmh BudK;pm;wkdif;r&Edkifbl;/ BudK;pm;w,fqdkwJh tcsufxJrSm bmawGygwkef;qdkvdkY&Sd&if ]'u©} vkyfief; uRrf;usifrI&Sd&r,f/ ]tevo} ZGJaumif;rI&Sd&r,f/ ]Oyg,0DrHo} enf;ynm&Sd&r,f/ BuKd ;pm;rI&½dS w kH pfcx k EJ iS afh wmhr&bl;/ BuKd ;pm;rIqw kd x hJ rJ mS ta&; BuD;wJhtcsuf (3) csufygw,f/ ta&;BuD;wJhtcsuf (3) csufu vkyfief; uRr;f usirf ?I BuKd ;awmhBuKd ;pm;w,f vkyif ef;ruRr;f usib f ;l ? ratmifjrifEikd f bl;? BuKd ;awmh BuKd ;pm;w,f/ ZGrJ aumif;bl;? ratmifjrifb;l / BuKd ;pm;w,f enf;ynm edru hf saew,f? pDrcH efcY EJG ikd w f hJ pGr;f tm;awGr&Sb d ;l / ratmifjrif Ekid b f ;l wJ/h 'gvGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; ESpfaxmifhig;&mausmfu jrwfpGmbk&m;u pD;yGm;a&;eJYywfoufNyD;awmh atmifjrifzdkY enf;vrf;wpfckay;xm;wmyg/ 'gu jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mwJ h yd # uwf a wmf a wG x J r S m ygwJ h w &m;yg/ vkyfief;uRrf;usifrI? ZGJaumif;rI? enf;ynm tJ'D (3) &yfaygif;pyfxm;wJh BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIqdkwm &Sd&r,fwJh/ aemufwpfcsufu ]tm&u©orÜ'g} -xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI &S&d r,f/ avmurSm pD;yGm;OpömawGeYJ aiGaMu;"e ajrmufjrm;pGm&vmw,f/ ukeyf pön;f awG ajrmufjrm;pGmxkwEf ikd w f ,f/ odaYk omf rxde;f odr;f bl;qd&k if tavtvGirhf sm;Ny;D awmh pD;yGm;Opömwd;k oifo h avmuf rwk;d bl;/ 'gaMumifh rdkYvdkY xdef;odrf;zdkY enf;ynmwwf&w,f/ tvkyfvkyfNyD;&vmwJhypönf;udk a&aMumifhrysufpD;&atmif? rD;aMumifhrysufpD;&atmif? ypönf;udkzsufqD;wwfwJh &efolrsdK;ig;yg;xJu wpfcck ek YJ rysupf ;D &atmif? tavtvGirfh &S&d atmif? aocsmapmihaf &Smuf rIqw kd hJ ]tm&u© orÜ'g} w&m;&SdzdkY vdkao;w,f/ 'gvJ 'kwd,tcsuftae eJY tckvuf&Sdb0rSm pD;yGm;wdk;wufzdkYtwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm; wm/ 'gvnf; tifrwefvdktyfwJhtaMumif;w&m;wpfckyg/ å m} rdwaf umif;aqGaumif; aemufwpfcu k awmh ]uvsmPrdww &S&d r,f/ pD;yGm;a&;eJyY wfoufNy;D tBuaH y;rnhyf *k Kd¾ v?f tusipfh m&dwaå umif; wJhyk*¾dKvf? todynm&SdwJhyk*¾dKvf? pGefYvTwfEdkifrI&SdwJhyk*¾dKvf? ,HkMunfrI&SdwJh yk*Kd¾ v?f ud, k u f siw fh &m;aumif;wJyh *k Kd¾ v?f tJ'v D rkd w d af umif;aqGaumif;awG vJyJ tifrwefrSvdktyfygw,f/ 'DuaeYacwfMunh?f pD;yGm;Opömwd;k wufaewJyh *k Kd¾ vaf wG yk*Kd¾ vaf wG wdkif;[m 'Dtajctaeaumi;fawG&Sdaew,f/ ckeu BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI aMumihf ypönf;OpömawG&vmEdkifw,f/ xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf;awG&SdwwfvdkY pkrdaqmif;rd&Sdvmw,f/ odkYaomf rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;r&Sdbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if xdkypönf;awG[m oJxJrSma&oGefvkdufovkdbJ toHk;tjzKef;eJY wpfcgxJ ysufpD;qHk;½IH;NyD;awmh oGm;Edkifw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; &SdzdkYqdkwm tifrwefrS ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ a[m aemufq;kH pD;yGm;a&;eJyY wfoufNy;D wu,hu f t kd a&;Bu;D wJh tcsufwpfckuawmh orZD0dwm &vmwJhpnf;pdrfOpöm? udk,fxkwfvkyfwJh ypönf;? udk,hf&JU0ifaiGxGufaiGeJY ywfoufvdkY&Sd&if pm&if;Z,m; ckdifcdkifrm rmxm;NyD;awmh 0ifaiGeJYxGufaiG tNrJwrf; rQrQwwjzpfaezdkY ta&;BuD; w,f/ ]orZD0dwm} qdkwJhoabmu 0ifaiGeJYxGufaiG tNrJwrf;n§dNyD;awmh

oHk;pGJwJh tckacwfpD;yGm;a&;ynmvdkbJ/ 0ifaiGawGursm;NyD;awmh oHk;aiG enf;aevdrYk jzpfb;l / oH;k aiGawGu rsm;Ny;D awmh 0ifaiGawGuenf;aevdv Yk nf; rjzpfbl;/ xdkESpfck[m 0ifaiGeJYxGufaiG rQrQwwoHk;wwfzdkYwJh/ 'gaMumifhrdkY 'DuaeYacwf pD;yGm;a&;ynm&yfawG[mvnf; 'g t"duxm;Muwm/ 0ifaiG xGufaiG n§dNyD;awmh aqmif&Gufwm/ 'gaMumifhrdkY buf*sufpm&if;awG bmawG&Sif;w,fqdkwm 'D ]orZD 0 d w m} udk ajymwmyg/ 0ifaiGu b,favmuf&Sdaew,f? xGufaiGu b,favmuf&Sdw,f/ vdkaiGu b,f avmufjyaew,f/ ydkaiGu b,favmufjyaew,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; ESpfaxmifhig;&muwJu BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI? tavtvGifhr&Sdatmif xdef;odrf;rI? rdwfaumif;aqG aumif;&SdrI? 0ifaiGxGufaiG rQrQwwoHk;pGJrIqdkwJh 'DtcsufBuD; (4) csufudk a[mcJhwmjzpfw,f/ b,fyk*¾dKvfyJjzpfjzpf Ak'¨bmom0ifrSr[kwfbl;/ 'Dpnf;urf;twkid ;f aqmif&u G Mf ur,fqv kd &Ykd &dS if pD;yGm;a&;u wd;k wufvm rSmbJ/ trsm;BuD;rwdk;wufawmif ysufpD;roGm;Edkifbl;/ 'g 'Db0rSm aumif;wJt h ajctaeawGeYJ aumif;wJch sr;f omokcudak y;pGr;f Edik w f hJ tcsuf av;csufyJ/ wrvGefb0twGufuawmh 'Db0uvkyfwJh[mawGyg/ tJ'D wrvGefb0twGuf &Sdoihf&SdxdkufwJht&nftaoG;uawmh tjcm;r[kwf bl;/ "r®ESihfywfoufwJh todÓPf? tckeu udk,fusihfw&m;eJYywfouf wJh rsufpd&Sd&r,f? udk,fusihfw&m;eJYywfoufvmvdkY&Sd&if eHygwf (1)? udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;&r,fvdkY qdkvdkw,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

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(Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuúodkvfoQifoD&d)

2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) 3/ urÇmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm; (wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpkrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) 5/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ aumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("r®y') 6/ oEÅdokcokdY avScg;ckepfoG,f

(Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) (wuúokdvfoQifoD&d)

7/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI&wem 8/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf;

t&S i f o D v mpm&(zm;uef Y ) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

9/ a*gyuESifh Ak'¨b@mawmf 10/ edAÁmefwufvrf;

(wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) (ref;wuúokdvfatmifjrifh0if;)

11/ jyifytdyfrufwpfck 12/ orda'¨g',q&mBuD; a':rmvm&D

rkd;[def;(om;*sme,fausmf) (t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

a&pkefarsmol rjzpfygapeJY rkH&GmaeZm t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z) (u) avmuBuD;rSm vlawGajrmufjrm;pGm &Sdaeaomfvnf; pwkuúedygwf t*kFwåKd&f tEk aomwokwft& cGJjcm;xkwf,lvkdufvQif ]vl av;rsKd;} om&Sdonf/ 1/ a&pk e f o d k Y a rQmvk d u f a eaomol r sm; 2/ a&qef o d k Y qef w uf a eol r sm; 3/ wnf w H h a eol r sm; 4/ wpf z uf u rf ; od k Y a&muf & S d o G m ;ol r sm; [líjzpfonf/ 1/ a&pk e f o d k Y arQmvk d u f a eol r sm; avmurSm a&pkefodkY a&omckdvkduf aeMuolawG ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sdav\/ rdrdjyKcJh aom ukokdvfuHt[keftavsmuf &cJvSpGm a&muf&Sdvmaom vlYb0ukd tokH;rcsMuay/ BuKHcJvSpGm BuKHBuKdufaeaom b0wefzkd;ukd em;rvnfMuacs/ ayghayghae ayghayghpm;um ayghayghyg;yg; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aeMuolawGom rsm;ayonf/ rdrrd mS uk, d yf idk u f , dk q f idk &f &Sx d m;aom uH? ÓPf? 0D&d,pGrf;tm;rsm;ukd rpkdufxkwfMu ay/ rdrdukd,fa&;ukd,fwm? rdrdrdom;pkudpö? rdrd ywf0ef;usiftwGuf vkyfp&mawG rsm;pGm&Sday onf/ xkdYxuf us,fjyefYpGmajym&ygvQif rdrdwdkY trsKd;bmom omoemtwGuf aqmif&GufzG,f &mawGukd rdrdpGrf;Ekdifoavmuf uHpGrf;tm;? ÓPfpGrf;tm;? 0D&d,pGrf;tm;rsm; pkdufxkwfí jyKvkyfaqmif&GufEkdifavonf? aqmif&Gufoihf ayonf/ rdrd\ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? wdk;wufBuD;yGm;a&; paom..ta&;t&mudpö rsm;pGmwdkYukd b0ay;wm0eft& rvTJraoG aqmif&Guf&ef &Sdayonf/ EkdifiHawmfESihfwuG trsKd;bmom omoemtwGufudkvnf; orkdif; ay;wm0ef w pf & yf t aejzih f owf r S w f u m xrf;aqmifoihfayonf/ þuJhodkY aqmif&Guf zG,f&m tjzmjzmwdkYukd raqmif&GufbJ a&omckd tacsmifvdkuf oufoufomomaeoljzpfvQif eH y gwf ( 1)vl t rsKd ; tpm;xJ yg0if o G m ;NyD ; ]a&pkef odkY arQmvkdufaeolrsm;} jzpfav\/ avmukwå&mvrf;aMumif;rS ajym& aomf ig;jzmtm½kH umr*kPfrsm;ukd ckHrifwyf

rufpGm vkdufpm;aeMuNyD; raumif;rItukodkvf 'kp½kdufrsm;udk jyKvkyfaeMuolrsm;jzpf\/ olwdkY onf a&pkefarQmvkdufaeolrsm;jzpfMuav\/ (c) 2/ a&qef o d k Y qef w uf a eol r sm; b0ay;ukov dk t f & vljzpfvm&aomf vnf; ukodkvfuHtusKd;ay;jcif; rwlnDEkdifay/ tusKd;ay;aumif;olwdkYonf b0toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;udprö sm;ukd tvG,w f ul aqmif&u G f EkdifMuonf/ ryifryef; rn§Kd;EGrf;bJ pD;yGm;a&; udpö? BuD;yGm;a&;udpö? ukodkvfaumif;rIudpörsm; ukd aqmif&GufEkdifMuonf/ twdwf ukodkvfuHt&Sdeft[kefenf; yg;olwdkYrSmum; qif;&JNidKjiifpGm toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;jyKaeMu&onf/ uHr&Sd ÓPf&Sdwdkif; rGJ [laomqkpd um;uJo h Ykd BuK;d pm;orQ t&mrxif bJ wdrf;vGJcRwfacsmfaeMuavonf/ pD;yGm;a&; vkyfwmcsif;twlwl twdwfuHygvmí tusKd; ay;aumif;olEiS fh tusK;d ay;raumif;ol uGmjcm; vSayonf/ 0D&, d csi;f wlNy;D ÓPf&nfcsi;f vnf; wl o nf x m;OD ; ? tusKd ; ay;aumif ; ol u om ausmv f eG x f if&mS ; Bu;D yGm;csr;f omoGm;avonf/ ausmfwufoGm;avonf/ þudpörsm;ukd pmoabmt& ajymjy jcif;xuf rdrb d 0? rdrb d 0ywf0ef;usirf S awGUjrif qufqHae&aomvlrsm;ukd avhvmMunhfjcif; jzihf aumif;pGmodEkdifayonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap? umr*kPftm½kHcHpm;rI rsm;ukd vkH;0rjzwfawmufEkdifonhfwdkif w&m; tod? todw&m;rsm;jzihf xdef;uGyfqifjcifjcif;

raumif;rI tukov kd 'f pk ½ku d rf rI sm;ukd a&SmifMuOf jcif;jzihf b0ukd aumif;pGmwnfaqmufaexkdif oGm;vQif b0c&D; tjypfuif;pGm jzwfoef;oGm; EkdifvQif ]a&qefodkY qefwwfaeol} pm&if;xJ wG i f yg0if E k d i f a y\/ (*) 1/ wnf w H h a eol r sm; wnfwHhaeolrsm;ukd b0tjrifjzihf qifjcifMunhv f Qif wd;k wufrv I nf;r&S?d qkw, f w k f jcif;vnf;rjy? vuf&Sdb0taetxm;twdkif; &yfwnfaeolrsm;[k qkd&ayrnf/ vl w pf c sKd U onf trsm;tm;jzih f BuKd;pm;tm;xkwfrIrjyKbJ ]uHay;orQtwkdif;yJ} [k ajymqkdum ESvkH;oGif;um wif;wdrfa&mihf&J ¨ &k m; r*Fvmw&m; aewwfMuavonf/ Ak'b awmf w G i f a[mMum;xm;aom ]oEÅ K |d p } r*Fvm onf bmrQBuKd;pm;tm;xkwfrIrjyKbJ a&mif&h J ae&rnf[k qkv d jdk cif;r[kwaf y/ rdrw d iG f uk d , f y k d i f &&S d x m;aom uH p G r f ; ? ÓPf p G r f ; ?

0D & d , pG r f ; rsm;uk d xk w f , l o k H ; pG J u m jyKvk y f tm;xkwfyg/ rdrdarQmf rSef;oavmuftwdkif; twmxd atmifjrifrrI &&Scd ahJ omf &&So d avmuf jzifhom auseyfyg[k qkdvkd&if;jzpfayonf/ vlrsm; aumufcsufvGJ rSm;ojzihf ]uHw&m;} rSm tacsmifemrnfysuf oGm;jcif;jzpf\/ avmukwå&mvrf;aMumif;t&qkd& aomf atmufoHa,mZOfig;yg;wdkYukd y,fowf Ekid Nf y;D umrbko H Ykd jyefrvmawmhaom jA[®mrsm; jzpfonf/ jA[®mwdkYonf jA[®mhbkHüom aexkdif pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

rsKd;qufAk'¨bmom &[EÅmav; &S i f Ó P (zsmyk H ) a*gwrAk'¨bk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm; &Spd Ofu (7)ESpo f m;t&G,?f Ak'b ¨ mom0ifuav; av;wpfa,muf o&P*kHoDvcH,laqmuf wnf N yD ; wmeJ Y omraP&[EÅ m jzpf o G m ;wJ h taMumif;ukdajymjycsifygw,f/ tJ'DomraP &[EÅ m av;&J U bG J U awmf u wd o &P*red , vdkYac:ygw,f/ wdo&P*red, avsmif;vsm Ak'¨bmom0ifuav;i,f[m 0dyóDbk&m;&Sif vufxufawmftcgwkef;u AE¨KrwDNrKdUom; rsufrjrifrdbESpfyg;ukd vkyfauR;jyKpkcJholwpf a,mufjzpfygw,f/ ol[m 0dyóDb&k m;&Si&f UJ vuf,m&H t*¾om0u edobrax&fjrwfxHrS o&P*kH oD v cH , l a qmuf w nf u m tES p f w pf o d e f ; umv ywfv;Hk o&P*krH ysuaf tmif apmihx f ed ;f cJ h w ,f / ol a owJ h t cgusawmh ]o&P*k H } &JUaus;Zl;jyKrI aMumifh wm0wd HomewfjynfrSm ewf o m;oG m ; jzpf w ,f / tJ ' D e wf o m;[m ewftrsm;&JUylaZmf jcif;cH,l&w,f/ ewfom;? ewforD;awGtm;vk;H vnf; ol&Y UJ tvku d dk vku d Mf u &ygw,f/ b,fewf om;rS olu Y rdk ,SOEf idk af tmif ewfwdkY&JUpnf;pdrf csrf;omukd cHpm;&w,f/ b,fewfurSvnf; olY&JUpnf;pdrf csrf ; omuk d taES m uf t ,S u f j yKvk d Y r &bl ; / tom; ta&uvnf ; a&T t qif ; eJ Y w l v d k Y a&T e wf o m; &,f v d k Y ol Y & J U *k P f o wif ; u ewfjynfewfavmu rSm ausmfapmcJhjyefw,f/ tJ'Dewfom;b0upkawawmh tBudrfaygif; (80)odMum;rif;jzpfjyefw,f/ odMum;rif;b0 tBudrfaygif;(80) jzpfNyD;wJhaemuf pMu0aw; rif;b0 (75)BudrfjzpfcJhjyefw,f/ ya'o&mZf? {u&mZfrif;b0uawmh ra&wGuf Ekdifatmif tBudrfrsm;pGm jzpfcJhygw,f/ rZÑrd a'orSm ]a*gwrAk'}¨ yGiafh wmfrl cJw h hJ vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygif; (2500) ausmMf uawmh ol[m om0w¦jd ynfu tvGe<f u,f0csr;f omwJh olaX;Bu;D vifr,m;ukd trSjD yKNy;D olaX;om;b0 ukd &&Sv d mw,f/ tJ'o D al X;om;av;[m (7)ESpf om;t&G , f a &muf c sd e f w pf a eY r S m taygif ; toif; oli,fcsi;f rsm;eJt Y wl bk&m;&JUwynho f m; oHCmawmfrsm; oDwif;okH;&mausmif; wpf ausmif;qD a&muf&SdoGm;ygw,f/ olwdkYoli,f csif;wpfawG vSnfhvnfoGm;vmwmuawmh

taysmfoGm;Muwmayhg/ 'gayr,fh oHCmawmf rsm; oDwif;ok;H wJah usmif;0if;x aJ &mufomG ;wJh tcg olYukdjrif vkdufwmeJY tJ'Dausmif;rSmaewJh &[EÅmt&Sif jrwfwpfyg;u ac:,lum w&m; a[mMum;Ny;D o&P*ko H v D aqmufwnfapygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm olaX;om;av;vnf; a&S;a&S;b0u olaqmufwnfcJhwJh ]o&P*kH} ukd atmufarhqifjcifrdoGm;NyD; wpfxkdifwnf; rSmyJ tm;BuD;wJhqE´? vkHYv? 0D&d,eJY 0dyóem w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvdkufwm tmoa0g w&m;av;yg;ukefcrf;NyD; &[EÅmjzpfoGm;ygawmh w,f/ vl0wfaMumifb0eJY oli,fav;&[EÅm jzpfoGm;rSef; odawmfrlvdkY bk&m;&Sifu &[ef;jyK ay;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh a*gwrAk'¨ bk&m;&Si&f UJ omoemacwftwGi;f rSm wdo&P *red, &[EÅmrax&f&,fvYkd xif&mS ;ausmMf um; um bk&m;&Sif&JU wpfckwnf;aom&nfñTef;csuf yef;wdkifjzpfwJh edAÁmefukd rsufarSmufjyKoGm;ol qkdawmh ]o&P*kHeJYAk'¨bmom0if} cH,lcJhwJh 'D(7)ESpfom;av;[m Ak'¨bmom0g'eJY wpfom; wnf ; wpf x yf w nf ; usoG m ;cJ h w maMumih f uav;av;u ]wu,fAh 'k b ¨ mom} jzpfomG ;cJyh g awmhw,f/ tck a jymcJ h w J h wd o &P*red , &[EÅmrax&fav;&JUtaMumif;ukd aocsmpGm pOf ; pm;Munh f r ,f q k d & if ÓP0d y Ü , k w f Ak ' ¨ bmom0if- ÓPfynmodeJYr,SOfwJhuav; Ak'b ¨ mom0ifqNdk y;D txifao;wmrsK;d rjzpfoihf ygbl;? tJ- ÓPorÜ,w k Af 'k b ¨ mom0if- ÓPf ynmode, YJ OS w f hJ Ak'b ¨ mom0if &Siv f &l [ef;awG bmoma&;e,fy,frSm? a[ma&;ajyma&;e,f y,f r S m ta&;ygt&ma&muf a eMuwm tajrmuftjrm;&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh yg&rDuH rygvd k Y ç vd k Y ajymqk d M urS m Mum;a,mif r d y g ao;w,f/

trSefuawmh bmoma&;e,fy,frSm ur®-uHqkdwm p&P- tusihfyg/ 'Dtusihfu bmtusih f v J q k d & if ed A Á m ef a &muf a Mumif ; ?

0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfwJhtvkyf? tusihfaygh? tJ'pD &Pw&m;udk rusio fh ;Hk vku Yd awmh yg&rDuH b,fvkdyJygyg? ÓPorÜ,kwfAk'¨bmom0ifBuD; yJjzpfjzpf? ÓP0dyÜ,kwfAk'¨bmom0ifav;yJ jzpfjzpf? Ak'¨bmom0g'eJY wpfom;wnf; wpf xyf w nf ; uswJ h ]wu,f h A k ' ¨ b mom} jzpf z d k Y rvG,yf gbl;/ Ak'b ¨ mom0ifyjJ zpfaerSmyg/ todeYJ tajymomwwf N yD ; jrwf a omtusih f r &S d w J h yk * ¾ K d v f a wG [ m avmue,f y ,f o k H ; tqih f twef;cGJjcm;wJhpum;eJY ajymMupwrf;qkd&if atmufwef;pm;awGcsnf; jzpfukefygvdrfhr,f/ 'gayr,fh Ak'¨uawmh bmom0ifrsm; eJyY wfoufNy;D tqiht f wef;cGjJ cm;ajymqkq d ufqH cJhwm vkH;0r&Sdygbl;/ om0w¦djynfu vlEl olawmif;pm; okyÜAk'¨ukdvnf; Ak'¨bmom0if tjzpf vufcHcJhygw,f/ t,l0g't&mrSm tvGefoabmxm; wif;rmwJh rdpäm'd|d*kdPf;om;yifjzpfvifhupm; bk&m;a[mMum;wJw h &m;"r®udk ,kMH unfouf0if um oabmusES p f o uf v d k Y ]bk & m;wynh f Oygoumtjzpf rSwf,lawmfrlygbk&m;} vkdY avQmufxm;vm&if o&P*kaH qmufwnfay;Ny;D Ak ' ¨ b mom0if t jzpf vuf c H a wmf r l y gw,f / tJ'v D v dk ufcNH y;D wJah emuf Ak'b ¨ mom0ifjzpfvm ol [ m bk & m;a[mMum;jyowJ h owd y |mef ur®|mef;tm;xkwv f Ydk aomwmyefjzpfomG ;w,f? ou'g*grfjzpfoGm;w,f? tem*grfjzpfoGm;Mu w,fqkdygpkdY/ tJ'Dyk*¾KdvfawGudkvnf; bk&m;u Ak'¨bmom0iftrsKd;tpm;cGJjcm;NyD; aomwmyef Ak ' ¨ b mom0if ? ou'g*grf A k ' ¨ b mom0if ? tem*grfAk'¨bmom0if? &[EÅmAk'¨bmom0if pmrsuf E S m 11 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

,cif t ywf r S t quf tyk d i f ; (9) jrwf A k ' ¨ E S i h f xD ; bk & if r sm; bD p D a jcmuf & mpk vl a erI p epf jrwfAk'¨yGihfawmfrlonfh bDpDajcmuf &mpkumv tdE´d,vlaerIpepfrSm ya'o&mZf? {u&mZfacwfjzpfonf/ rif;? ykPÖm;? ol<u,f? qif;&Jom; vlwef;pm;av;&yfonf jrwfAk'¨ ryGihfrDuyif &SdaecJhNyD;jzpfonf/ rif;rsKd;? ykPÖm; rsKd;wdkYonf acwftqufquf tay:pD;&aom vlYtvTmrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ Ak'¨acwfwGif cwåd,ac: rif;rsKd;wdkY onf xdyfwef;tqihfwGif&Sdonf/ jrwfAk'¨onf bk&m;wdw Yk x H mG ? "r®wmtwkid ;f xdyq f ;Hk cwå, d rsK;d wGif arG;zGm;cJh&onf/ Zmwf p epf (Caste system) uk d toufavmuf rSwf,laomtcsdefumvjzpf ojzihf cwåd,tEG,f0ifjzpfaom ousrsKd;EG,f wGif y#doaE¨pGJ,lcJhjcif;jzpf\/ þtcsufonf Ak'¨tjzpfodkYa&mufaomtcg xD;NyKdifeef;NyKdif EkdifiHi,frsm;omru vufeufEkdifiHBuD;rsm;&Sif aumov? AdrÁdom&uJhodkYaom xD;bk&ifrsm;\ av;pm;MunfnKdjcif;\ taMumif;wpfyg;jzpfcJh onf/ aumovbk&ifvydk *k K¾ v d u f yif jrwfA'k E¨ iS fh

aqGrsKd;awmfcsifvSygcsnf&JU [k txifBuD;cH& jcif;rSm Ak'¨\ xl;jcm;aom*kPf&nfwpfckyif jzpfonf/ xD ; bk & if w k d Y uk d , f w d k i f q nf ; uyf uk;d uG,af omaMumifh Ak'o ¨ moemawmfBu;D onf vnf; r&pzl; xl;uJaomatmifjrifru I dk &&Sjd cif; jzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmom\ 0daoovu©PmBuD; rSm ukd,fvkyfrSukd,f&onf [laom tcsufjzpf \/ þtyd k i f ; wG i f þ0d a oovu© P muk d rD;armif;xk;d jyygrnf/ b0'kur© S vGwaf jrmufvo dk o l nf b0 ukd rnfodkYoabmxm;&rnf/ rnfodkY usihfBuH vkyaf qmif&rnfudk b0jzpfpOfEiS fh ,SOw f aJG zmfjy oGm;rnf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ t m; zef q if ; &S i f b k & m;? u,f w if & S i f w pf y g;tjzpf qnf ; uyf r I o nf rnfoaYkd om twkid ;f twmtxdom tusK;d cHpm; cGi&fh adS Mumif;ukd aumovrif;Bu;D \ b0jzpfpOf u xif[yfazmfjyvsuf&Sdayonf/ xkdYaMumifh olYtaMumif;u pwif avhvmMuygpkdYaumovbk & if (yaoe'D a umov) aumovrif;BuD;[k trsm;em;vnf aom yaoe'Daumovbk&ifonf jrwfAk'¨\

txif&Sm;qkH;? t&if;ESD;qkH;'umjzpfonf/ ol\ Ek d i f i H o nf xk d a cwf u mvwG i f tBuD ; qk H ; vuf e uf E k d i f i H j zpf o nf / aumovwk d i f ; [k xif&Sm;onf/ þonfrSm aumovrif;BuD; xif&Sm;&jcif;taMumif;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ 'kw, d taMumif;rSm jrwfA'k E¨ iS fh tvGef &if;ESD;jcif;jzpfonf/ olonf ewf&GmpHawmhrnhf tcsd e f u mvtxd Ak ' ¨ E S i h f t wl & S d a ecJ h o nf / xkdtcsdefu olYtouf &Spfq,fwGif;a&mufae NyD/ olut&Sifjrwfvnf; cwåd,? wynhfawmf vnf; cwåd,/ t&Sifjrwfvnf; aumov? wynhf awmfvnf; aumov/ t&S i f j rwf v nf ; touf & S p f q ,f ? wynhfawmfvnf; touf&Spfq,f ponfjzifh avQmufxm;oGm;ayonf/ Ak'v ¨ ufxufawmfu tdE, d´ Edik if w H iG f wdkif;BuD; 16 wkdif; &Sdonf/ EkdifiH 16 EkdifiHyif jzpfonf/ aumovESihf r*"EkdifiHwdkYrSm tBuD; us,fqkH;jzpf\/ vufeufEkdifiHBuD; (Empire) rsm;jzpf\/ r*"EkdifiHonf ,ck Vihar jynfe,f jzpf\/ ygVda0g[m&ESifhwlnDí 0d[m&ac: bk&m;ausmif;uefrsm; taygrsm;qkH;a'o[k qkdvkdonf/ 'kwd,tBuD;qkH;rSm aumovjzpf \/ ,ck Oudh c½kdifjzpfonf/ aumovonf acwftqufquf vufeufEkdifiHBuD;jzpfonf/ omuD0ifrif;wdkY\ ousEkdifiHonf aumov wdik ;f twGi;f ü&So d nf/ jrwfA'k o ¨ nf oufawmf 55 ESprf pS í aumovwdkif;\NrKdUawmf om0w¦dwGif 24 ESpf wdkifwkdif 0guyfcJhonf/ tpGJtNrJoDwif;okH;&m jzpf\/ ,if;onf Ak'¨ESifhaumovrif;BuD;wdkY &if;ESD;jcif;taMumif;jzpf\/ aumovrif ; BuD ; ES i f h p yf v sOf ; í aumovoH,kwftrnfjzihf a[mMum;xm; aom okwaf ygif; 24 okwyf if&\ dS / tjcm;tjcm; aom edum,frsm;wGifvnf; okwfrsm;? 0w¦K Zmwfvrf;rsm; &Sdaeao;onf/ w&m;awmfrsm; rSm "r®aMumif;oufoufomru aumovrif;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

BuD;\p½kduf0goem pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukd azmfjyaeonf/ aumovrif;Bu;D onf Ak'x ¨ H tenf; qkH; wpfaeYokH;Budrfqnf;uyfonf/ tcgtcGifh oifhwdkif;vnf; qnf;uyfonf/ qnf;uyfwkdif; qnf;uyfwkdif; jyóemwpfckckukd avQmufxm; onf / jyóemwG i f "r® a &;&mvnf ; yg\/ avmua&;&mvnf;yg\/ tdrw f iG ;f a&;txdyif yg0ifonf/ wpfaeYwiG f rif;Bu;D \tbGm;r,fawmf BuD; uG,fvGefonf/ touf 120 yif/ tkdrif; vSNyD/ odkYaomf aumovrif;BuD;u aomuukd rajzEkdif/ tbGm;uG,fvGefaMumif;? tbGm;ukd olrnfrQcspfjrwfEkd;aMumif;? tbGm; toufjyef vnf&SifrnfqkdvQif ol\pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukdyif y,fpGefYEkdifygaMumif;? jrwfAk'¨tm; avQmufxm; onf/ Ak'¨urif ; BuD ; owå 0 grS e f o rQ aojcif ; tqk H ; &S d \ / aojcif ; w&m;ud k rnf o l r Q rvG e f q ef E k d i f / tk d ; cG u f r S e f o rQonf usuf onf j zpf a p? rusuf o nf j zpf a p uG J & rS m jzpf \ / owå 0 grS e f o rQonf v nf ; 0d n mOf uif ; jywf aojcif ; omtqk H ; &S d \ / wpf c guvnf ; rd z k & m;rvd ’ u muk d oluar;cGef;wpfckar;onf/ ]]rvd’um avmu rSm rif;b,folYukdtcspfqkH;vJ}} [líjzpf\/ rvd’umu ]]ukd,fhukd,fudktcspfqkH;ayhg}} [k trSeftwdkif; ajymMum;\/ olu rauseyf? ]]t&S i f r if ; BuD ; uk d o m tcspf q k H ; ayh g }} [k olu Mum;csifae\/ jyóemrSm þwGif r&yf? jrwfAk'¨xH a&mufoGm;onf/ rv’dum\tajzukd jrwfAk'¨ tm; olu jyefvnfavQmufxm;\/ jrwfAk'¨ uvnf; rvdu ’ majzonht f wdik ;f ajz\/ xkjYd yif]]avmuwGif owå0grSeforQ rdrd ukd,fom tcspfqkH;jzpf\? okdYjzpfí wpfyg; ol w d k Y t ay:wG i f rd r d E S i h f x yf w l x m;um rn§ i f ; qJ rowf j zwf & m}} [k rd e f Y a wmf r l vku d o f nf/ wpfcgu rv’dumonf orD;&wem zGm;jrif\/ rif;BuD;u rauseyf? olvdkvm;onf rSm xD;eef;qufcHEkdifrnhf om;&wemjzpf\/ Ak'¨u ol\qE´ukd odawmfrlonf/ xdkYaMumifh]]rif ; BuD ; tod Ó Pf < u,f 0 NyD ; tusih f o D v jynh f p k H o l trsKd ; orD ; wd k Y o nf a,musf m ;wd k Y x uf jrwf \ / xk d o d k Y a om ZeD ; r,m;rS zG m ;jrif a om &J p G r f ; owå d & S d o l

a,musf m ;onf wk d i f ; jynf u d k pk d ; rk d ; tk y f c sKyf Ek d i f \ }} [k rd e f Y a wmf r l & onf / jrwf A k ' ¨ rdefYawmfrlvkdaomtcsufrSm ]]oifvkd wdkif;jynf tkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfolukdaum b,ftrsKd;orD; u arG;wmvJ}} [líjzpf\/ aumovrif;Bu;D onf Ak't ¨ m; þodYk aom axGvmauvm tdrfwGif;a&;&mrsm;ukd ar;wwfonfomru olwpfyg;ukd ,kHvG,fol? jyóemwpf&yfudk tvsifpvdk qkH;jzwfwwfol jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; awGU&onf/ wpf n aecsrf ; wG i f jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf 0domcgausmif;trBuD;vSL'gef;onhf jymom'f rkcfOD;wHcg;0wGif wpfyg;wnf; xkdifaeckdufjzpf \/ xkH;pHtwdkif; aumovrif;BuD;a&muf&Sdvm onf/ c&D;a&mufrqkduf Ak'¨tm; 0wfjyKae wke;f y&dAZdk rf sm; teD;tem;rS jzwfomG ;Muonf/ olwdkYum; toGiftjyiftm;jzihf rwifhw,f? ajconf;vufonf;rsm; &SnfxGufaeMu\/ tcsKdUrSm t0wfr0wfojzihf csKdif;arT;rsm;ay:ae onf/ vG,fxm;onhf y&du©&mtokH;taqmif wdkYrSmvnf; wcRifcRifw*Grf*GrftoHxGufae onf/ odkYaomf aumovrif;BuD;u tjzpf rSefukd tuJrcwf/ Ak'¨a&SUrSmyif ¤if;wdkYbuf vuftkyfcsDum]]t&SifwdkY uREkfyf yaoe'Daumov rif;yg}} [k ok;H Burd f atmf[pfavQmufxm;onf/ xkjYd yif Ak'b ¨ ufov Ydk n S í hf ]]t&Sib f &k m; þolawG [m t&[EÅ (&[EÅm) awGygyJ}} [k avQmufxm; jyefonf/ Ak'¨u- ]]rif;BuD;? oifvkd umodwkdif; jzpf t0wftpm;aumif;ukd0wf? tarT;eHYom awGokH;? a&TaiGukd wyfrufaeolu þolawG [m t&[EÅawGygyJ/ t&[wår*fukd &NyD;ol awGygyJukdodzkdY&ef cJ,Of;vS\ [kowday; &jyefonf/ xkdYjyif a0zefa&;aywHav;csufukd ay;awmfrv l u dk o f nf/ (1) tusih f o D v &S d r&S d aygif ; oif ; Munh f í od E k d i f o nf / (2) MumMumaygif ; rS v nf ; od E k d i f o nf / (3) trS w f w rJ h r ae owd x m;avh v mrS vnf; odEkdifonf/ (4) rdrdrSm a0zefwdkif;xGmEkdifwJh ÓPfynm &SdrSvnf; odEkdifonf/ (ynmrJ h u rod E k d i f [ l v d k ) þwGif Ak'r¨ ed aYf wmfrv l cdk surf mS oihv f kd umr*kPfawmrSm aysmfarGUaeolu tjyifyef;

tay:,HukdMunhfNyD; &[EÅmawGyJ? wpfr*fwpf zkv d &f Ny;D olawGyv J Ykd aumufcsurf csoihaf Mumif; jzpf \ / t,k H v G , f w wf o l onfhxufqkd;aom udpöwpfck&Sdao; onf/ trsm;odNyD;jzpfaom 'k-o-e-aom udpö jzpfonf/ wpfaeY rif;Bu;D NrKd UwGi;f vSnv fh nfpOf vif&Sdr,m;wpfa,mufukd wyfrufrdonf/ umrydik &f adS Mumif; od&aomfvnf; &m*rD;awmuf urNidrf;/ wkd;íwdk;íom avmifNrKdufaeonf/ trsK;d orD;\cifyeG ;f tm; owfjzwf&efBuK;d pm;\/ wpfnvkH;rtdyfEkdif/ xkdtckduf 'k-o-e-aom toHBuD;av;rsKd;ukd Mum;&onf/ eHeufrkd;aomufaomf ykPÖm;awmfwdkY tm;ac:,lí ar;jref;onf/ ykPÖm;awmfwdkYu xD ; eef ; tEÅ & m,f j zpf a Mumif ; ? ,Mwmacs&ef owå0g 500 pDyg0ifaom ,ZfylaZmfyGJjyK&rnf jzpfaMumif; tBuHay;Muonf/ aumovrif; BuD;onf rqkwfrqkdif;yif ,ZfyGJBuD;usif;y&ef pDpOfaponf/ ,ZfyGJwGif owfjzwf&ef EGm;BuD; ig;&m? EGm;aygufig;&m? qdwfig;&m? okd;ig;&m wkdYukd ,Zfwdkifrsm;wGif csnfaESmifxm;onf/ wpfNrKdUvkH; qlnHaeonf/ rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;u raeEkdif/ Ak'¨xH ajy;vTm;avQmufxm;onf/ jrwfAk'¨u xkdtoH BuD ; av;rsKd ; rS m y&'g&uH (ol w pf y g; om;r,m;ukd usL;vGefrI) aMumifh avm[ uk r Ç D i &J u sa&muf a eaom ol a X;om; av;OD ; wd k Y \ toH j zpf a Mumif ; rd e f Y o nf / a&S;tcgu olaX;om;av;OD;wdo Yk nf rl;,pfaomufpm;aysmyf g;um y&'g&uHusL;vGef cJhMuonf/ olwdkYonf yGufyGufqlaom avm[ ukrÇDi&Jtkd;wGif xufatmufpkefqef arsmygae Mu&m i&Jtkd;EIwfcrf;ay:ta&muf wpfa,muf aomolu 'k? wpfa,mufu o? aemufwpf a,mufu e? aemufqkH;olu aom [ktu©&m wpfvkH;pDom &GwfEkdifum i&Jtkd;wGif; jyefvnf epfjrKyfoGm;Muonf/ *gxmav;*gxm\tp tu©&mrsm;jzpfMu\/ (avm[ukrÇdZmwu) Ak'\ ¨ aus;ZlaMumifh aumovrif;Bu;D onf olYr,m;ukd usL;vGefjcif;tjypfrS oDoD av;vGwfuif;oGm;onf/ aotHhrl;rl;owå0gwdkY onfvnf; toufab;rS uif;a0;oGm;Muonf/ trsKd;orD;\cifyGef;onfvnf; aomwmyef wnf o G m ;onf / tpm;taomuf M uL;ol aumovrif;BuD;\ tjcm;tm;enf; csufwpfckrSm tpm;taomufvGefuJjcif;jzpf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ \/ aumovrif;BuD;onf ]]qefwpfpdwfESihf qdwfwpfaumif ukefatmifpm;Ekdifonf}} [k jrefrmwdkYu qkdMuonf/ (qefwpfpdwfwGif av;jynf&Sdonf) qefwpfpdwfESihf qdwfwpfaumifqkd jcif;rSm um&efoihaf tmifqadk ompum; jzpfwef aumif;onf/ odkYaomf aumovrif;BuD;onf qefwpfpw d u f dk ukeaf tmifpm;Ekid af Mumif; bk&m; a[musrf;*efü wdkuf½kdufyif&Sdonf/ oH,kwå edum,fü ]]qefwpfpdwfESihf vdkufzufaom [if;vsmudk pm;Ekdifonf}} (a'gPyguuk&H) [k twdtvif;&Sdonf/ tpm;Bu;D ojzihf ol\cE¨muk, d Bf u;D rSm vnf; tqrwefBuD;rm;onf/ wpfaeY yGJawmf wnfaeqJ jrwfAk'¨tm; owd&ojzihf aZw0ef ausmif;awmfodkY ½kwfcsnf;xGufoGm;onf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ a &S U awmf a &muf a omtcg xrif;qdyfwwfNyD; toufyifr½SLEkdif/ pm;ydk;eihf um acR;'D;'D; usaeonf/ ab;ESpfbufrS ,yf cwfay;ae&onf/ (oH?|?1?140) tjrifrawmfaom½Icif;ukd jrwfA'k u ¨ þodkYrdefYMum;onf/ ]]pm;okH;onhf tpmtm[m&tay: twd k i f ; twmod N yD ; owd v uf u k d i f x m;rS a&m*g a0'emouf o monf / touf u k d apmifha&Smuf&ma&mufNyD; tkdrif;rIoufom onf } } aumovrif;BuD; tpm;taomuf rufarmykHukd "r®y't|uxmü tus,fw0ihf azmfjyxm;onf/ tcsKyfrSm þodYkjzpfonf/ aumovrif;Bu;D Ak'a¨ &SUawmfarSmuf a&mufaomtcg aumif;aumif;yifrxkdifEkdif/ w&m;awmfuv kd nf; ESv;Hk roGi;f Ekid /f olcY E¨muk, d f BuD;ukd Ak'¨jrifawmfrlNyD; ]]rif;BuD; tyef;rajzcJh oavm}} [k ar;awmfrl\/ rif;BuD;u ]]t&Sif bk&m; wynhfawmf yGJawmfwnfcJhNyD;aemuf qif;&JBuD;pGma&mufaeygonf}} [kavQmuf\/ Ak'u ¨ ]]rif;Bu;D tpm;tpmukd tvGet f rif; pm;olonf ik d u f r sOf ; NyD ; td r f 0 uf B uD ; yrm wajymif ; wjyef j yef vl ; vS d r f h a ewwf o jzih f tb,frSm w&m;ESvkH;oGif;Ekdifrnfenf;? xkdol tzk d Y oH o &mum; &S n f v sm;vS \ }} xkd*gxmukda[mrS aumovrif;BuD; onf tpm;avQmhawmhonf/ oGm;av&m&m wljzpfol ok'óevkvifukd ac:oGm;onf/ yGJawmfwnfaomtcg ok'óeu xkd*gxmukd &Gwfay;&\/ &Gwfqkdc tojymwpf&m&onf/

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rif;BuD;onf *gxmvmt"dyÜg,fukd qifjcifrd ojzihf wjznf;jznf;avQmhpm;\/ aemufqkH; qef w pf j ynf c suf x rif ; (emVd a um'e)jzih f yGaJ wmfwnfEidk o f nfh b0a&mufomG ;onf/ uk, d f cE¨mBuD;vnf; t0oufomvmonf/ xkdtcgusrS ]]jrwfAk'¨[m ightwGuf avmuk w å & mtusKd ; pD ; yG m ;omru avmuD aumif;usKd;csrf;omukd oem;csD;jr§ihfawmfrlyg wum;}} [k O'gef;usL;&ihfonf/ twd k u f t ck d u f 0goemBuD ; ol aumovrif ; BuD ; onf tpm; taomuf M uL;ol o mru ppf b uf a &;&mü vnf; 0goemygonf/ um,tiftm;BuD;xGm; olwdkY "r®wmjzpf\/ tZmwowf \ rd c if a0a'[D rdzk&m; (AdrÁdom&Muif,mawmf)onf ol\ ES r awmf j zpf \ / r[maumovrif ; BuD ; u orD;a0a'[Dtm; r*"wdik ;f &Sif bk&ifArd o dÁ m&ESifh vufqufay;cJh\/ e,fpyfa'o umod&Gmukd vnf; vufzYJG cJ\ h / umod&mG onf e,fpyfa'o tcsuftjcmusojzihf tcGeftaumufb@m aiG tojym wpfodef; ESpfpOf&\/ tZmw owf o nf a'0'wf E S i h f a ygif ; rd í crnf ; awmfAdrÁdom& bk&ifBuD;ukd owfaomtcg a0a'[D onfvnf; &ifuGJemusí ewf&Gm pH o nf / aumovrif ; BuD ; onf ES r awmf twG u f v nf ; rauseyf / ES r awmf t wG u f vufzGJUvdkufaom umod&Gmudkvnf; jyefvkdcsif

onf/ xkdYaMumifh tZmwowftm; wdkufckduf awmhonf/ yxrwdkufyGJwGif ol½SKH;edrhfojzihf xGufajy;&\/ tZmwowfu OD;&D;awmftm; rowfbJ om0w¦dodkY jyefoGm;onf/ jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf þtaMumif ; Mum;& aomtcg]]atmif j rif a omtcg &ef a wG wdk;yGm; \/ ½IH;olrsm;vnf; 'ku©a&muf&\/ tatmift½IH;ukd pGefYvTwfum at;csrf;pGm aeol o m csrf ; om&m&\}} [k rd e f Y a wmf r l onf/ atmif j cif ; ? ½I H ; jcif ; um; avmu "r® w mjzpf \ / twnf t NrJ r &S d / w'*F wpf c Pomjzpf \ / atmif j rif r I o nf &ef r sm;&ef t wG u f omjzpf \ / tEk d i f & aomtcg aemuf a Mumif ; u rat;/ ½I H ; ol u vnf ; tcJ r aus/ qif ; &J w G i f ; rS aeí vuf p m;acs&ef o m pd w f a pmae\/ xk d Y a Mumih f at;Nid r f ; rI t ppf t rS e f r S m tEk d i f r ,l j cif ; omjzpf o nf / aumovrif;Bu;D onf t½I;H ukrd aus eyf/ ppfonftiftm; jyefvnfpkaqmif;í 'k w d , tBud r f jyef w d k u f o nf / þtBud r f olYtwGuf atmifyGJjzpf\/ tZmwowfukdyif vuf&zrf;rd\/ odkYaomf qifjrif;ppfonfwdkYukd om odrf;,lNyD; vludkvTwfay;vkdufonf/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / tñT e f ; oH , k w f t |uxm "r® y 't|uxm

pmrsuf E S m 7 rS MuNyD; y&dedAÁmefpH0ifMurnfh yk*¾Kdvfrsm;jzpfay onf / xk d y k * ¾ K d v f w d k Y o nf ]wnf w H h o l r sm;} jzpf a v\/ (C) 4/ wpf b uf u rf ; od k Y a&muf & S d o G m ;ol r sm; tmoa0gw&m;av;jzm uif ; uG m csKyfNidrf;NyD; cE¨mb0Zmwfodrf;um at;Nidrf;&m trSef oEÅdokcwnf;[laom jrwfedAÁmefokdY rsufarSmufjyKoGm;aom t&d,myk*¾KdvfwdkYonf wpfbufurf;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;olrsm;jzpf\/ b0oH o &mwnf ; [l a om tPÖ 0 gork ' ´ & m BuD ; xJ r S vG w f a jrmuf u m ed A Á m ef w nf ; [l aom wpf b uf u rf ; ok d Y a&muf & S d o G m ;ol [ k qkdvkdayonf/ bk&m;? yapöuAk'¨g? &[EÅm? t&d,m olawmfaumif;rsm;jzpfay\/ rd r d w d k Y o nf v nf ; wpf q if h x uf

wpfqihf jrihfoxufjrifhatmif BuKd;pm;Mu&rnf jzpfygonf/ oHo&mrS wpfzufurf;odYk a&muf&dS oGm;olrsm;jzpfatmif tm;xkwfMu&ygrnf/ ukef;xufüwnfolrsm;jzpfatmif pGefYpm;Mu& rnfom jzpfygownf;/ ]]wpfpwpfp pGefY0HhrSvQif b0aemufaemif? quf w d k i f ; aumif ; vd r h f } } earmor® m orÁ K '¨ ó rk H & G m aeZm ñT e f ; - t*k F w å K &f t El a omwok w f

DHAMMA TALKS

12

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo-oxk H

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) OD ; pG m jznh f u sih f & rnh f t&nf t aoG ; rsm; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[m vkdufemusihf aqmif&rnhfyk*¾dKvfrSm &Sdoihf&SdxdkufwJh t&nf taoG;awGudkvnf;qufvufNyD; ñTefjyawmf rljyefygw,f/ *gxmyg 'kwd,tydk'fjzpfwJh oauúm OZlp..ponfjzihf azmfjya[mMum;xm;aom usiafh qmif&rJh tusiw fh &m;rsm;eJY rjynhpf o kH rl mS arwåmpdwfjzihf aeEdkif&ef tomxm;ygtHk; (OD;) wJh? MunfvifpifMu,fwJh pdwfuav;awmif ol Y o EÅ m ef r S m jzpf a y:Ed k i f p &m r&S d y gbl ; wJ h / 'Dtcsufuawmh tav;*½kjyK&rJhtcsufvnf; jzpfygw,f/ ]]oauú m OZl p ok [ k Z l p ? ok 0 apm pó rk ' k tewd r meD } }

qdw k t hJ yd'k rf mS jyKusi&fh jznhu f si&fh rJh tusiw fh &m; ajcmufyg; yg&Sdwmudk awGU&rSmyg/ 1/ pG r f ; Ed k i f o l j zpf & r,f (oauú m ) yxrwpfyg;jzpfwJh ]oauúm- pGrf;Edkif ol} qdw k m ,HMk unfrI o'¨gw&m;&So d ?l vHv Yk 0D&, d &Sdol? taumif;tqdk;ç trSm;trSefudk cGJjcm;Edkif aom ÓPfynm&So d rl sKd ;udo k m pGr;f Edik o f v l Ykd qdyk g w,f/ 'D w &m;ig;yg;eJ Y j ynh f p H k a eol [ m avmua&;&mqdk&ifvnf; twwfynm? pD;yGm; Opömrsm;eJY jynhfpHkEdkifovdk avmukwå&mbuf w&m;tm;xkwfusihfBuHrIrSmqdk&ifvnf; tvdk&Sd ovdk jznhu f siEfh ikd pf rG ;f &So d l jzpf&r,fvYkd qdv k &kd if; jzpfygw,f/ þt*Fgig;yg;ESijfh ynhpf v kH Qif w&m;xl; vsifjrefpGm&EdkifaMumif;udk rZÑdryPÖmo? aAm"d

&mZukrm&okwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu aAm"d &mZ ukrm&rif;om;udk qifp;D ç cRe;f udik f twwf oifvo kd rl mS &St d yfwhJ t&nftcsi;f rsm;eJY Oyrm ay;ç cdkif;EIdif;í a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygao;w,f/ 'D,MkH unfro I '¨gw&m;pwJh taMumif; t*Fgig;yg;udkyJ y"med,*F (w&m;tm;xkwfol&JU jzpf a Mumif ; t*F g ) w&m;ig;yg;vd k Y v nf ; a[mMum;xm;ygao;w,f/ 2/ ajzmih f r wf o l j zpf & r,f (OZl ) 'kwd,tcsufjzpfwJh OZl eJY ok[kZl qdkwJh wwd,tcsuf w&m;ESpfyg;udk ay:vGif apç xif&Sm;apvdkwJhwGuf txl;jyKa[mMum; xm;ygw,f/ 'DESpfyg;udk y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;rSm yg0ifwJh vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIr&Sd- ajzmifhrwfol jzpf&r,fqdkwJht*Fgudk ta&;BuD;aMumif; txl; xif&mS ;apvdw k t hJ wGuf ESpcf suq f ihNf y;D vrf;ñTef awmfrlcJhwmyg/ ]OZk} qdkwJh yk'fu ]ajzmifhrwfaom}? ajzmif h r wf j cif ; yg/ ajzmif h r wf r I t &qd k v Qif yifudk,f½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfoljzpfygrS pdwfxm; aumif;oljzpfr,f? pdwfxm;aumif; pdwf&if; aumif;oljzpfrv S nf; rdrt d usKd ;? olwpfyg;tusKd ; eJY trsm;tusdK;jzpfaprIawGudk vkdvm;aqmif &GufEdkifpGrf;&SdrSm jzpfvdkYygyJ/ 'Dvdk½dk;ajzmifholrSmrS udk,fcsif;pmem pdwf? arwåmpdwfrsm;jzpfay:EdkifovdkyJ tjcm; aom ud, k u f siw fh &m;qdik &f m tjyKtrlrsm;vnf; jzpfyGm;vkyfaqmifEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ 3/ tvG e f a jzmif h r wf o l j zpf & rnf (ok [ k Z l ) OZkt& ajzmifhrwfwJholjzpf&r,fvdkY qdkNyD;umrS ok[kZl aumif;pGmajzmihfrwfonf? tvGefajzmifhrwfoljzpf&rnfvdkY xyfqihftxl; jyKNyD; a[mMum;xm;ygw,f/ vdktyfwJhtwGuf tckvdk vrf;ñTefawmfrlcJhwmyg/ avmuom;awG[m rsm;aomtm; jzihf rdrdtusdK;pD;yGm;aMumihfaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrdb0&Sifoef&yfwnfa&;twGufaomfvnf; aumif;? rajymyavmufaomtajctaewpf &yfwGifaomfvnf;aumif;? tcuftcJ? tMuyf

DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ wnf;BuHKawGU&onhftcgrsdK;wGifaomfvnf; aumif;? &ifqkdifBuHKawGU&aom toufab; tEÅ&m,faMumifah omfvnf;aumif;? tajctae wpfckck ½kwfw&uf &ifqkdifawGUBuHK&onhftcg wk d u f ½ d k u f j zpf a p? Oyg,f w rnf j zih f j zpf a p vdrfvnfvSnhfjzm;jcif;[laom rkom;pum;jzihf ajz&Sif;wwfMuavh&Sdygw,f/ rnf o nh f t aMumif ; ud p ö E S i h f r qd k &ifqdkifBuHKawGUvm&ygaomfvnf; tenf;i,f pd k ; pOf ; rQ vd r f v nf v S n h f p m;jcif ; ud k rjyKol ? aumif;pGmajzmifhrwfol? toufqHk;½IH;onhfwkdif ajzmifhrwfoljzpfap&r,fvdkY bk&m;&Siftvdk&Sd awmfrlwmyg/ t|uxmq&mtvkdt& udk,fEIwf ESpyf g; vSnjhf zm;aumufusprf u I kd a&SmifMuOfjcif; jzihf ]OZk} jzpfatmif? pdwfxm;aumufuspf,kwf rIudk ]ok[kZk} jzpfatmif t"doDv? t"dpdwå? t"dynm odu©moHk;yg;wdkYjzihf BudK;pm;jznhfusihf &rSmjzpfaMumif; qdkvdkwmygyJ/ rd r d w d k Y & J U oEÅ m ef r S m od u © m oH k ; yg; tusijfh rwfjzpfwhJ y#dywfusipfh Ofjzihf ajzmifrh wf rSefuefoltjzpf tNrJusihfaqmifjcif;rSonf udavomyg;oxufyg;um aemufqHk; ukefqHk; onhfwdkif jznhfusihf&rSmjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; odap&ygw,f/ 'hgaMumihf ok[kZlqdkNyD;awmh xyfqihf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwmyg/ 4/ qd k q H k ; rçvG , f o l j zpf & r,f (ok 0 apm) tvG e f a jzmih f r wf o l j zpf & r,f v d k Y a[mawmfrlNyD;aemuf ]ok0apm} qdkwJh pwkwtcsuf jznfhusihf&rJhw&m;udk qufvufa[m Mum;awmfrlygw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 8 rS

]ok0p} qkw d yhJ 'k u f awmh qdq k ;kH rvG,f uljcif;? qHk;rajymqdk&vG,folvdkY 'Dvdkvm&Sdyg w,f/ tjypftm;avsmfpGm ajymqdkqHk;rjcif;udk vG,u f pl mG vku d ef mol? tvG,w f ul tqH;k trudk em,lolvdkY 'DvdkrSwf&ygr,f/ rdrdxuf touf t&G,ftm;jzihf? *kPfaus;Zl;tm;jzihf? tusihf p&Ptm;jzihf jrihfjrwfomvGefolrsm;u w&m; ESit fh nD ravsmu f efonhf um,uHr?I 0pDurH rI sm; udk tjypfjyajymqdq k ;kH rjcif;udv k nf; rSeu f efaom tqH;k trvdYk qd&k rSmyg/ tcsKd Uyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;u vlwiG f us,?f vlwwfBu;D vkyNf y;D rvdt k yfygbJeYJ enf;ay; vrf;jyajymqdak vh&w dS wfMuygw,f/ 'grsKd ;udak wmh qdv k w kd mr[kwyf gbl;/ ok0p&JUqefYusifbufajymqdk&ç qHk;r &cufcjJ cif;udak wmh ]'kApÁ } qdq k ;kH rcufov l Ykd qdyk g w,f/ avmua&;rSmyJjzpfjzpf? omoema&;rSm yJjzpfjzpf qH;k rajymqd&k cufwyhJ *k Kd¾ vrf sKd ;awG &Sad e wwfMuygw,f/ rdom;pkwpfpkrSm rdbpum;udk em;raxmifwwfolwpfa,mufavmufawmh ygpNrv J v Ykd nf; Mum;zl;xm;ygw,f/ omoema&; rSmvnf; 'Dvdkpmoifom;oHCmawGBuHKawGU& avh&Sdwwfygw,f/ 'DvdktajymtqdkcufwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;[m ajymqdkqHk;rvmoltay:rSmjzpfap? w&m;ESihf tnD ajymqdkqHk;rjcif;udkjzpfap rESpfoufol? udk,hftay: q&mvmvkyfwmvdkYxifwwfol? yk*¾dKvfa&;t& rav;pm;ol? w&m;udkvnf; ½dak oav;pm;rIr&So d ?l raumif;aomtusipfh ½du k f &Sdolrsm; jzpfaewwfygw,f/ xdyk *k Kd¾ vrf sm;[m tjypfjyajymqkq d ;kH r jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;vdkY rdrdtusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf jzpfonfvdkY rcH,lwwf? em;rvnfwwfMuol

&if bk&m;wynhf Ak'¨bmom0ifawGcsnf;ygyJ/ Ak'b ¨ mom0ifreS o f rQ Ak'a¨ cwfupvkYd &,fvdkY cGJjcm;owfrSwfcJhwm pmayusrf;*efrsm; rsufarSmufumvtxd wynhfom;oHCmawG rSm rawGU&ygbl;/ bk&m;tqkH;treJYtnD owdy|mef tpOftqufrjywf a[mMum;qk;H rawmfral eMu ur®|mef;w&m;tm;xkwMf uvdYk aomwmyefwnf wmaMumifh o&P*kHokH;yg;eJYwuG bk&m;*kPf oGm;ol? ou'g*grfwnfoGm;ol? tem*grfwnf (9)yg;? w&m;*kPf(6)yg;? oHCm*kPf (9)yg;wdkY oGm;ol? t&[wåzdkvfwnfoGm;ol pwJh olawG &JU t"dyÜg,fukd od&SdNyD; ,kHMunfoabmusvdkY ukdawmh aomwmyefyk*¾Kdvf? ou'g*grfyk*¾Kdvf? Ak ' ¨ b mom0if c H , l M uwJ h o l a wG j zpf y gw,f / tem*grf y k * ¾ K d v f ? &[EÅ m yk * ¾ K d v f & ,f v d k Y o m 'Dae&mrSm aomwmyef tp&Sdaom t&d,mwdkY 0d y óemÓPf p Of t & rd e f Y q k d a wmf r l c J h w myJ &JU ,kHMunfrIrsKd;eJYawmh EIdif;,SOfajymwmrsKd;u h ;l ayhg/ 'Dvadk jympwrf;qk&d if ]aomwmyef awGU&Sd&ygw,f/ ykxkZOfvlom;awGukdawmh roifb tE¨ykxkZOfeJYuvsmPykxkZOfqkdNyD; rdefYMum;cJh ausmif;trBuD; 0domcgu olYajr;rav;ao wm&S d y gw,f / Ak ' ¨ b mom0if e J Y y wf o uf v k d Y awmh bmjyKvkdYikd&wmwkef;} vkdY o&P*kHAk'¨ uawmh olawmif;pm;vlElutp uka#<u,f bmom0ifawGu ajymvdkY&wmyJr[kwfvm;/ Ak'¨bmomrSm t"duuswmuawmh olaX;BuD;txd bk&m;tqkH;trw&m;awmfukd ,kHMunfvdkY o&P*kH oDvcH,laqmufwnfcJh o&P*kHokH;yg;ukd ,kHMunfrI&SdzkdYygyJ/ o&P*kH

13

rsm;vdkYajym&rSmygyJ/ olwdkY[m wif;rmcufxef wJh pdwfaeoabmxm;&SdMuwJhtwGuf wpfzuf om;tay: at;csrf;wJharwåmpdwfxm;EdkifzdkYqdk wmvnf rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ w&m;tm;xkwfrIqdkwm jrihfjrwfwJh usihfpOfqdkwm 'Dvdkyk*¾dKvfrsm;eJY reD;pyfEdkifwJh twGuf pdwfat;csrf;NidrfoufrIjzpfzdkYqdkwm awmif tvSrf;a0;aeMurSmygyJ/ 'hgaMumihf qdkqHk;rvG,fulol\jzpfaMumif;[m r*Fvm wpfyg;jzpfaMumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu r*Fv okwrf mS a[mMum;awmfrcl w hJ myg/ qdq k ;kH rvG,f oljzpfzdkYqdkwm avmua&;? "r®a&;rSm tb,f rQ ta&;ygaMumif; xif&Sm;apvdkw,fqdkwm 'Dtcsufu azmfjyaeygw,f/ rdrt d usKd ;pD;yGm;eJyY wfoufvYkd wd;k wuf rIudk tvdk&Sdolrsm;uawmh wpfOD;wpfa,muf tm; tjypfjyí qHk;roGefoifay;yg&efvnf; yef M um; wwf \ / qH k ; roG e f o if o nh f t cg wkdif;vnf; rdrdtm; tzdk;rsm;pGmxdkufwefaom a&T td k ;BuD ;ay; ouJ h od k Y OD ;xd y f y ef qif u rf; vihfMu\/ xdo k rl sKd ;rSom tusKd ;pD;yGm;tppftrSef udk trSefvdkvm;olrsdK;vdkY qdk&ygw,f/ odkYrSom vl r I a &;? pD ; yG m ;a&; ponh f t a&;rsm;wG i f atmif j rif a usmf M um;ol r sm;jzpf v mEd k i f o vk d avmuk w å & mta&; aqmif & G u f M u&mwG i f tusdK;xl;&EdkifaomoljzpfaMumif; t*Fgtjzpf jyqdkxm;wmyJjzpfygw,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) tñT e f ; arwå m ok w f okH;yg;ukd ,kHMunf&if Ak'¨bmom0ifjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmhum bkd;bGm;? rdb? q&morm;rsm;&JU tpOf t vmuk d rsKd ; quf c H usih f o k H ; cJ h M uwJ h ÓP0dyÜ,kwfAk'¨bmom0ifuav;i,frsm;[m vnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ygyJ/ rsKd;qufuav; vli,f Ak'b ¨ mom0ifav;awG Ak'b ¨ momtay: pdwf0ifpm;rI? ,kHMunfrI tm;aysmhoGm;apr,fh bk & m;ra[mcJ h w J h bmom0if t qih f t wef ; cG J j cm;ES d r f h c sajymqk d w mrsKd ; rjyKoih f y gbl ; / bmaMumih f v nf ; qk d a wmh Ak ' ¨ & J U tem*wf omoemwnfwHhjyefYyGm;a&;u 'DuaeYuav; vli,fawG&JU vuf0,frSm&SdaevdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfcsufuvnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifjzpfa&; rS m o&P*k H o k H ; yg;uk d vuf c H u sih f o k H ; rI u tqkH;tjzwfjyKwmaMumifhyJjzpfygw,f/ &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H )

COVER FEATURE

14

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

t&d , myk * d ¾ K vf w d k Y y,f t yf a om w&m;rsm; (1) aomwmywdår*fonf oHa,mZOf 10 yg;wGif 'd|d? 0dpdudpäm? oDvAÁ wy&mrmo? tyg,*reD, umr&m*? y#dCoHa,mZOf (5)yg;udk t<uif;rJyh ,fonf/ (2) ou'g*grdr*fonf ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom umr&m*? y#dCoHa,m ZOf(2) yg;udk y,fonf/ (3) tem*grdr*fonf odrfarGUaom umr&m*? y#dCoHa,mZOf 2 yg; udk t<uif;rJh y,fonf/ (4) t&[wår*fonf ½ly&m*paom oHa,mZOf 5 yg;udky,fonf/ wpf e nf ; yXrr*fonf udavomwdkYwGif 'd|d 0dpdudpämudky,f\/ 'kwd, r*fy,faom udavom oD;oefYr&Sd? wwd,r*fonf a'goudky,f\/ pwkw¬r*fonf <uif;aom udavom (7)yg;udky,f\/ wpf e nf ; yXrr*fonf? rdpw ä w å &m;wdw Yk iG f rdpmä 'd|?d rkom0g'? rdpmä ur®EÅ rdpäm tmZD0udky,f\/ 'kwd, r*fy,faomw&m;r&Sd? wwd,r*fonf rdpämouFyÜ? ydokP0gpm? z½ko0gpmudky,f\/ pwkw¬r*fonf oræyÜvm y? rdpäm0g,mr? owd? orm"d? 0drkwdåÓPfudky,f\/ wpf e nf ; yXr*fonf avmu"HwüYkd rpä&, d udyk ,f\/ 'kw, d r*fy,faom w&m;r&Sd? wwd,r*fonf y#dCudky,f\/ pwkw¬r*fonf avmu"HwdkY ü cspfcifESpfoufjcif;udky,f\/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf? tedpöüedpö? tewåü twå[k txifrSm;aom onm pdw?å 'd|d 0dyv Ü m’ o 6 yg;? 'kuü© okc? tokbü okb[k txifrmS ; aom 'd|d 0dyÜv’mo 2 yg;aygif; 0dyÜvmo 8 yg;udk y,f\/ ('k) r*f y,faom oD;jcm;w&m;r&Sd/ (w) r*fonf tokbü okb[k txifrSm; aom onmpdwå 0dyÜv’mo 2 yg;udk y,f\/ (p) r*fonf 'ku©ü okc[k xifrSm;aomonmpdwå 0dyÜv’mo 2 yg;udky,f\/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf *E¦w&m;wdkYwGif? oDvAÁwy&mrmo? £'H opöm bdeda0o um,*E¦udky,fonf? ('k) r*fy,fw&m;r&Sd? (w) r*fonf Asmyg'udky,fonf/ (p) r*fonf tbdZÑmudky,fonf/ wpf e nf ; yxrr*fonf t*wd 4 yg;udky,fonf/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf tmo0wdkYwGif 'd|mo0udky,fonf/ ('k) r*f y,fw&m;r&Sd/ (w) r*fonf umrmo0udky,fonf/ (p) r*fonf <uif; aom t0dZÆmo0ESihf b0go0wdkYudky,f\/ (MoCü þenf; twdkif; rSw)f wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf eD0&PwdkYwGif 0dpdudpämeD0&Pudky,fonf? ('k) r*fy,fw&m;r&Sd/ (w) r*fonf umrpäE´? Asmyg'? ukuúKpö eD0&PwdkYudk y,f\/ (p) r*fonf xderd'¨? O'¨pö ed0&PwdkYudk y,fonf/ wpf e nf ; yXrr*fonf y&mrmo w&m;wdkYudky,fonf/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf Oyg'gefwdkYwGif 'd|d? oDvAÁw? twå0g'? Oyg'gef

(3) yg;udky,f\/ ('k) (w) r*fy,fw&m;r&Sd/ (p) r*fumrkyg'gefudk y,f onf/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf tEko,wdkYwGif 'd|dESihf 0dpdudpämtEko, (2) yg;udk y,f\/ ('k) r*fy,fw&m;r&Sd/ (w) r*fonf umr&m*? y#dC(2) yg;udk y,f\/ (p) r*fonf? rme? b0&m*? t0dZÆm tEko, (3)yg;udk y,fonf/ wpf e nf ; (y) ('k) r*fESpfyg; y,fw&m;r&Sd/ (w) r*fonf tnpftaMu; w&m;wdkYwGif a'gotnpftaMu;udky,f\/ (p) r*fonf &m*? arm[ tnpftaMu; (2) yg;udk y,f\/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf tukodkvf uræyxw&m;wdkYwGif ygPmwdygw? t'dEém'ge? rdpämpm&? rkom0g'? rdpäm'd|d þ (5) yg;udky,f\/ ('k) r*f y,fw&m;r&Sd/ (w) r*fonf ydokP0gpm? z½ko0gpm? Asmyg' þw&m; (3)yg;udfky,f\/ (p) r*fonf oræyÜvmy? tbdZÑm(2)yg;udky,f\/ wpf e nf ; (y) r*fonf tukokdvfpdwf 12 yg;wGif 'd|d*worÜ,kwf 0dpd udpäm orÜ,kwfpdwf (5)yg;udky,f\/ ('k) r*fy,fpdwfr&Sd/ (w) r*fonf a'gorlpdwf(2)yg;udk y,f\/ (p) r*fonf <uif;aom tukodkvfpdwf (5)yg;udky,fonf/ (0dok'd¨r*f? t|uxm? 'ktkyfESm 325) ud a vomü 'G d [ oH o ,jzpf w wf M u\ t&d,m yk*Kd¾ vt f csKUd wdyYk ,f? ry,f udavomü 'G[ d oHo,jzpf wwfMuao;onfukd okweå yf #d uwf rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf 126 t|uxm yXrtkyf 366 wdkYwGif azmfjyyg&Sdygonf/ t&d , 0H o w&m;av;yg; t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwdkY txl;av;pm; vdkufemapmihfxdef;Muaom t&d,0Ho w&m;av;yg;&Sdonf/ (1) pd0& oaEÅmo =ouFef;ü a&mihf&Jjcif;?

(2) yd@ygw oaEÅmo =qGrf;ü a&mihf&Jjcif;?

(3) aoemoe oaEÅmo= ausmif;ü a&mihf&Jjcif;?

(4) bm0em&w =bm0emü arGUavsmfjcif;/ (tH? pwkuú? yg? 366? |? 276/ y#doH? yg? 82? |? ytkyf? 271/ 'DCOyg? 188? |? 194) t&d , m0go t&d , mwd k Y \ aexd k i f j cif ; (10)yg; (1) yÍö*F 0dyÜ[De =eD0&Pig;yg;udk y,fNyD;jcif;/ (2) qV*ForEém*w=tm½Hkajcmufyg;ü om,m? rom,m rjzpfbJ Oayu©mESihf jynhfpHkjcif;/ (3) {um&u©= raumif;rIrjyKrd&ef owdtapmihf tNrJ&Sdjcif;/ (4) pwk&myaóe=ynmjzihfom rSD0Jjcif;? onf;cHjcif;? a&SmifMuOfjcif;? y,fazsmufjcif;? udpöav;yg;ü tNrJqifjcifí jyKjcif;/ (5) yPkEéyapöu opö= igYÓPftjrifESifh igYt,lom rSef\ [laom 'd|dopöudky,fjcif;/ (6) or0,oa|oe=umr? b0? jA[®p&d,udk &SmrS;D jcif;rS Nird ;f at;jcif;/ (7) tem0dvouFyÜ= umr? Asmyg'? 0d[d Ho? 0dwuf oHk;yg;udk y,fjcif;/ (8) yó'¨um,ocFg&=pwkw¬psmefudk 0ifpm;íaejcif;/ (9) ok0drkwå pdwå=&m*a'go? arm[wdkYrS vGwfaompdwf&Sd jcif;/

COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (10) ok0drkwåyn= &m*a'go arm[wdkYudk y,fNyD;jzpfí wpfzef rjzpf ay:vmrIoabmudk odaejcif;/ (tH? 'ou? yg? t&d,m0gookwf-279? ¤if;? | 291? 'DC? O? yg? 224257? |? 234) rd r d & &S d a omw&m;xl ; ud k xk w f a zmf a jymqd k j cif ; t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom avmukwå&mw&m;xl; *kPfxl;0daooudk ajym½dk; "r®wmr&SdMuygbJ tcsKdUt&d,mwdkY tb,f aMumihf xkwfazmfajymMum;Muygoenf;qkdygaomf (1) yDwdt[kefonf jzpfaptyfaom O'gef;usL;jcif;aMumihfvnf;aumif;? (2) omoemawmf onf 0#fqif;&Jtaygif;wdkYrS xGufajrmufaMumif;tppf jzpfBuD;jzpfonf udk xif&mS ;jyvdjk cif;wdaYk Mumihv f nf;aumif; xkwaf zmfajymqdMk ujcif;jzpfyg onf/ (ax&? yg? 219? |? ytkyf? 33) (ty? |? 'ktkyf? 36) (obm* oabmwlaom)&[ef;rsm;tm; tcsKdUt&d,mrsm;u rdrd\ avmukwå&m (r*f-zdv k )f w&m;udx k w k af zmfí ajymMuonf[k 'DCedum,f? t|uxmwdYk wGifyg&Sdonf/) t&d , mwd k Y raMumuf a omab; (5)rsKd ; (1) tmZD0du b,= toufarG;jcif;üjzpfaom ab;/ (2) tmodavmub,= uJh&JUjcif;ab;/ (3) y&do om&ZÆb,= y&dowfüaMumuf&GHUaomab;/ (4) r&P b, =aoab; (5) 'k*¾wdb, = tyg,fab;/ (tH? 9? yg? 174? |-261) t&d , m[k od E d k i f q H k ; jzwf E k d i f a om w&m;(4)yg; t&d,myk*¾dKvf[k odEkdif qHk;jzwfEkdifaom "r®m'go w&m; (aMu;rHkrSefw&m;) av;yg;&Sdonf/ (1) bk&m;tay:ü ouf0if,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;/ (2) w&m;tay:ü ouf0if,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;/ (3) oHCmtay:ü ouf0if,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;/ (4) t&d,muEÅig;yg;oDvESihf jynhfpHkjcif;/ þw&m; (4)yg;onf t&d,m[koEd idk f qH;k jzwfEidk af om "r®'go w&m; (4)yg;jzpfygonf/ ('D- 2- yg-80) t&d , m yk * ¾ d K vf w d k Y ES v H k ; roG i f ; rjyKvk y f a om t&mrsm; (1) ocFg& [lorQü okc [k ESvHk;roGif;/ (2) twå[lívnf; ESvHk;roGif;/ (3-7) yÍömeEÅ&d,uH 5 yg;udk rvGefusL;/ (8) Ak'¨omoemrS wpfyg;? tjcm;aom tnwdwd¬, omoem ü q&mr&Smjcif;/ (t|meygVd? tH? 1? yg? 28? |? 352) (9) "mwk apwDawmfudk rzsufqD;/

15

(10) wdwd¬omoemü tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfudk r&Sm/ (11) avmuDr*Fvmjzihf oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufEkdifonf[k r,HkMunf/ (aewd¬? yg? 77? |? 153) (12) rsufESmvdkufNyD; ray;rurf; (Zm? yg? y? 38? |? 'd? 23) (13) toufpGefY&apumrl t*wdig;yg;odkYrvkduf/ (0d? 1? |? y-7) (0d? 4? yg? 481) ('D? 3? yg? 147? |? 127) (14) jiif;cHkcdkuf&efrjyK/ (yH? 3? yg? 33? |-25) (15-19) ig;yg;oDv rvGefusL; razmufzsuf/ (yH? 1? yg? 92? |? y? 314) (20) q&mrajymif;/ ('D? 1? |? 209) (21) rnfonfhtcgrQ o&P*Hk rnpfEGrf;? (ck'´? |? 7) (22) tema&m*g a0'emcHpm;&aomfvnf; aomurjzpf/ (oVm? yg? 409? |-117) (23) jA[®mhjynfokdY a&mufaomf atmufjynfokdYrqif;? rjzpf/ (tH? 4? yg? 441? |? 331) (24) [kwfrSefaom rdrd*kPfudkyif xifay:ausmfMum;atmif? ypönf; vmbfvmb&atmif &nf&G,fcsufjzihf olwpfyg;tm; rajym/ (okwå? yg? 401? |? 'k? 237) þodkYtm;jzihf bk&m;? &[EÅm? yapöuAk'¨g? t&d,m yk*¾dKvfol jrwfwEYkd iS fh pyfvsO;f orQ taMumif;t&yf&yfwu Ykd kd olawmfaumif; oljrwf avmif;rsm;taejzihf odxm;tyfMuayonf/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifw h nfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

16

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS aomt&mü {w*fbUJG jzpfonf/ ]]{w'*¾H bdua© 0? rrom0dumeH 'g,dum eH? ,'d'?H 0domcg rd*g& rmwm}}? &[ef;wdYk o'¨gazG;jzL ay;vSLMuukeaf om igbk&m;\wynhf 'g,dumrwdkYwGif rd*g&olaX;BuD;\ trdt&müwnf aom? tMuif0domcg 'g,dumronf&Sd\/ xdk0domcg'g,dumronf tvSLay;&mü tjrwfqHk;jzpf\/ (tH? 1? ygVd? {w'*¾0*¾-27) yk A Á m ½H k a usmif ; BuD ; jzpf a y:yH k jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifvufxufawmfü om0w¬dNrdKUwGif ½dk;&mtpOf tvm"avh jynfvHk;uRwfyGJobif qif,ifusif;yojzihf? NrdKUolNrdKUom; tm;vHk;wdkYonf 0wfaumif;pm;vS tvSwefqmrsm;qif,ifMuvsuf vSnhfvnfaysmfyg;Muukef\/ tcsdKUaomtrsdK;orD;wdkYonf 0wfpm;wefqmqif,ifvsuf aZw0efausmif;awmfodkY bk&m;zl;? w&m;emoGm;Muukef\/ 0domcgum; r*FvmyGJwpfckrSjyefvmí? r[vwmwefqmudkqif,ifvsuf aZw0ef ausmif;awmfodkYoGm;\/ ausmif;awmfwcH g;0ü xdw k efqmudck Rwu f m t0wfjzihx f w k af p NyD; uRefrwpfa,muftm; ,lcJhap\/ 0domcgum; omref½dk;½dk; 0wfpm; aeus t0wfwefqmjzihf ausmif;awmfo0Ykd ifa&mufNy;D ? w&m;em,lav\/ w&m;awmfem,lNyD;aomtcg okyÜ0gomrif;orD;ESihftwl ausmif;wGi;f odYk vSnv fh nfum *Dvme&[ef;? tm*EÅKu&[ef; ponfwu Ykd kd vdt k yfaomudprö sm;avQmufxm;yefMum;Ny;D onhaf emuf jyefomG ;Mu&mwGif 0domcgonf uRefrtm; r[vwmwefqmudk0wfqif&ef awmif;aom tcg uRefronf ¤if;wefqmxkyfBuD;udk ausmif;awmfü arhusef&pfcJhyg aMumif; ajymMum;\/ 0domcgonf ¤if;uRefrtm; þtxkyfudk jyef,lacs/ odkY&mwGif t&Sit f meE´m,lí odr;f qnf;xm;ygu r,lcEhJ iS ?fh t&Sijf rwfvufEiS hf xdNy;D ygu xdkypönf;udk igr,l? vSLtyfNyD;jzpfawmhonf[k rSmMum;vdkuf\/ t&SiftmeE´monf arhusef&pfcJhorQaom OpömrSeforQwdkYudk odrf;qnf;xm;NrJjzpfaomaMumihf xdkr[vwmwef;qmxkyfudk,lí odrf;xm;NyD;jzpfavonf/ uRerf onf xdt k xkyu f rkd ,lawmhyJ xdt k aMumif;udo k m jyefajym Mum;aomtcg 0domcgonf þodkYBuHq\/ þOpömxkyfudk r,lbJxm;cJh aomf t&SiftmeE´mrax&f aMumihfMuAsmyg'rsm;&Smacsrnf/ jyefí,lNyD; aemuf ¤if;udka&mif;csawmhrnf/ a&mif;csí&vmaomaiGjzihf vdktyf onfudk vSLawmhrnf[k BuHpnfav\/ xdaYk emuf uRerf tm; xdt k xkyu f , kd al pNy;D ? xdw k ef;qmudk wefz;kd jzwfap\/ xdkwef;qmum; udk;uka#wef\/ vufcum; wpfodef;wnf; [laomwefz;kd udo k &d ojzih?f a&mif;csavaomtcg rnforl Q rqifjref;Edik f ojzihf 0,f,lrnhfolr&SdcJhay/ xdkr[vwmwef;qmum; tvGeftrif; av;vS\/ qifajymifig;pD;tm;&SdolrS qif,ifEdkifaom[l\/ 0domcgonf xdkwef;qmudk rdrdzmom0,f,lí udk;uka#ESifh wpfodef;aomaiGtojymudk tb,fukodkvfjyK&ygrnfenf;[k jrwfpGm bk&m;tm; avQmufxm;aomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf NrdKU\ta&SUbufü oHCmhausmif;wdu k f aqmufvyk v f LS 'gef;&ef ñTeaf wmfro l jzihf ykAmÁ ½Hak usmif; awmfBuD;udk aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;av\/ ausmif;aqmufvkyf&efajrudk udk;uka#jzihf0,f,lí ausmif; awmfukd ud;k uka#jzihaf qmufNy;D ? ausmif;wifyt JG wGuf ud;k uka#ukeu f s\/

pkpak ygif; (27) uka#ukeu f sav\/ aZw0efausmif;\ xuf0ufrQ ukeu f s jcif;jzpf\/ xdkykAÁm½Hkausmif;wdkufBuD;\ tv,fA[dkcsufü jymom'fBuD; wnf \/ atmufxyfü tcef;ygif; (500)? txufxyfü tcef; (500) yg&Sd \/ jymom'fausmif;BuD;\ywfvnfü ur®|mef;w&m;tm;xkwf&ef ausmif; (500)? wefaqmif&Snf (500) wdkYudkvnf; aqmufvkyf\/ xdrk <S uif;aom a&wGi;f ? a&uef? a&csKd ;wku d ?f Z½H;k tdr?f qGr;f pm; ausmif;? "r®m½Hk tp&Sad om taqmuftODwu Ykd v kd nf; aqmufvyk o f nf[k rSwf,lMu&m\/ ykAÁm½Hkausmif;onf udk;vMumrSNyD;pD;\/ ausmif;wifyGJum; av;vMumaom[l\/ þum; ykAÁm½Hkausmif;awmfBuD; jzpfay:vmyHk taMumif;jzpfygonf/ ausmif ; wif y G J ü 0d o mcgoD q d k a omoD c sif ; u'g[H ygom'H & r® H ? ok " mrwå d uavyeH / 0d [ m&'geH ' ómrd ? ouF a yÜ g r,S y l & d a om/ ]]igonf tb,faomtcgü? t*Fawajrnufjzihf vdr;f ust H yf aom arG U avsmf z G , f j ymom'f u d k aqmuf v k y f í jymom'f a usmif ; tvSLawmfudk vSL&ygtHhenf;[k a&S;u BuHpnfcJhygNyD/ aMomf..? þ,ck tcgwGif ig\ BuHpnfcsufonf jynhf0cJh&ygNyDwum;...}} u'g[H rÍö y D | Íö ? bd o d A d a rÁ m [emed p / aoemoe b@H ' ómrd ? ouF a yÜ g r,S y l & d a wm/ ]]igonf tb,faomtcgü? anmifapmif;tif;ysOu f v k d nf;aumif;? bHkvQdKacgif;tHk;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? ausmif;toHk;taqmifrsm;pGmwkdYudk vnf;aumif;? vSL&ygtHeh nf;[k a&S;u BupH nfcyhJ gNy/D aMomf? ,cktcgwGif ig\BuHpnfcsufwdkY xajrmufatmifjrifjynhf0cJhavNyDwum;}} u'g[H ovmu bwå H ? ok p d H r H o l y aopeH / abmZe'geH 'ómrd ? ouF a yÜ g r,S y l & d a wm/ ]]igonf tb,ftcgü? pifMu,faumif;jrwfaom om;ig; [if;vsmpHkvifpGm avmif;xnhftyfaom pma&;wHqGrf;? abmZOf tvSL awmfudk ay;vSL&ygtHhenf;[k arQmfvihfBuHpnfcJhyg\/ a[m..,ck ig\ tBuHatmifjrifjynhf0cJhavNyDwum;..}} u'g[H umod u H 0 w¬ H ? acgruyÜ g od u med p / pD 0 &'geH ' ómrd ? ouF a yÜ g r,S y l & d a wm/ ]]igonf tb,ftcgü umodwkdif;jzpf t0wfouFef;udkvnf; aumif;? acgrwdkif;jzpf avsmfEkouFef;? 0gEkcsnfxnfouFef;wdkYudkvnf; aumif;? xdt k rsKd ;rsKd ;aomouFe;f tvSLawmfukd vSL&ygtHeh nf;[k arQmv f ihf BuHpnfcJhygonf/ a[mtck ig\tBuHtpnfatmifjrifjynhf0avNyD wum;...}} u'g[H oyÜ d e 0eD w H ? r"k a wvÍö z mPd w H / aboZÆ ' geH 'ómrd ? ouF a yÜ g r,S y l & d a wm/ ]]igonf tb,faomtcgü? axmywfuv kd nf;aumif;? qDO;D udk vnf;aumif;? ysm;ESr;f qDuv kd nf;aumif;? wifvu J v kd nf;aumif;? xdt k rsKd ; rsdK;aom aq;tvSLawmfudk vSL&ygtHhenf;[k vdkvm;awmifhw BuHpnfcJh ygonf/ a[m..tck ig\tvdkqE´BuHorQ jynhf0&avNyDwum;}} ("r®y'? |? ytkyf? 262) 0domcgonf ykAÁm½Hkausmif;BuD; aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;&onhf twGuf tvGef0rf;ajrmufvSonfjzpfí? om;orD;ajr;jrpfawGNcH&HNyD; ausmif;udkywfí þ*gxmoDcsif;udk oDqdkavonf/

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

17

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

Ak ' ¨ b momaumif ; wpf a ,muf o d k Y oQif a wZrmvm (e*g;ay:) jrwfAk'¨\omoemawmftwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufcdkvIHMuí ]]Ak'¨bmom0ifvlrsdK;}} [k trnfcHcJhMu\/ Ak'¨bmom0ifvlrsdK;wdkYonf omoemawmf\tusdK;udk aqmif&GufMu&if; omoemawmfrSay;aomtusdK;udk cHpm;Mu&if; tpOftquf xdef;odrf;cJhMuonhf Ak'¨omoem awmfonf ESpfaygif;ESpfaxmifhig;&m ausmfcJh ay\/ þodkY t&SnfwnfwHhEdkif&ef bç bdk;ç bDç bifç abmifç abmwdkYrSwpfqihf om;ç ajr;ç jrpfç wDç wGwfç uRwfç uRufquf[lí tpOftquf vufqihfurf;um xdef;odrf;cJhMu\/ ,aeY txdyif xdef;odrf;MuNrJjzpf\/ aemifvnf; xde;f odr;f MuayOD;awmhrnf/ odkYaomf Ak'¨bmomudk xdef;odrf;ae Muonhf [d;k a&S; bç bd;k wd\ Yk ,aeY om;ç ajr;wdYk onf Ak'¨bmom[lí trnfcHom&Sdawmh\/ tvkyfrvkyfMuawmh/ bmom\tESpfom&[l pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y t|uxmü 0domcg\oDcsi;f t"dymÜ ,fu, kd í l *gxmzGUJ xm;\/ 0domcgonf xdkacwf£`E´d,oDcsif;rdsK;udkoDqdkjcif; jzpfay&m\/ 0d o mcg &if y wf p nf w D ; NyD ; uygovm; 0domcgonf ausmif;tvSLyGw J iG f 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfveG ;f í rdrd&ifywfudk aAsmpnfozG,fwD;cwfNyD; uonf[kajymMuqdkMuygaomf vnf;? 0domcgonf oDcsi;f udo k moDqakd Mumif;jzihf usr;f *efwüYkd vm&S\ d / rdr&d ifywfukd aAsmpnfuo hJ Ykd wD;cwfí uckeo f nf[k rvm&Syd g/ xdaYk Mumihf 0domcg&ifywfudk aAsmpnfyrmwD;cwfí uckefonf[kajymqdkMuaom pum;udk trSefr,lxdkufyg/ bd u © K wóm o'´ H o k w G m ? ow¬ K tma&mp,d H o k baEÅ tarS[d/ {wåau t'¨gae? 0domcg, *g,eHemr? e'd|ykAÁH omtZÆ yk w å ewå yewå y&d 0 k w m? *g,rmem ygom'H tEk y &d , m,wd / ("r®y'? |? ytkyf? 263) 0d o mcg\t&d , mtqih f t wef ; 0domcgonfum; aomwmyefjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ckepfEpS o f rD; t&G,f b'´, d NrKd UodYk jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif <uvmawmfral omtcg BuKd qMkd u aom tcrf;tem;wGif yg0ifBuKd q&kd ygonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;w&m; a'oem awmftqH;k ü? ckepfEpS o f rD;t&G,u f yif aomwmyeft&d,mjzpfcahJ vonf/ txóm yk A Á m p&d , 0aoe? ow¬ m "r® H a'aowd a'oem/ 0omae yÍö [ d ' g&d u m oaw[d ? o'¨ d H a omwm ywå d z av ywd | [d / ("r®y'? |? ytkyf? 243? 244)

0d o mcg\tm;cG e f A v 0domcg\tm;cGefAvrSm qifajymifig;pD;tm;jzpfonf/ r[v wmwef;qmudk xdkuJhodkY cGeftm;&SdrSom 0wfqifEdkifonf/ aumovrif; onf ,if;uJhodkYtm;&SdaMumif;od&ojzihf pl;prf;vdkojzihf 0domcgbk&m; ausmif;awmfrSjyefvmaomtcg qifudkvTwfap\/ qifonf ESmarmif;udak jrm§ ufvsuf 0domcgxHoYdk OD;wnfvmav \/ ab;rStNcHt&HtrsdK;orD;wdkYum; xGufajy;Muav\/ tcsdKUum; 0domcg\ vnfyifudk zufxm;Muukef\/ 0domcgonf þodkYjzpf&jcif;um; todkYenf;[k ar;jrefa;om tcg? t&Sifr\cGeftm;udkpl;prf;vdkí aumovrif;BuD; qifudkvTwfap ygaMumif; ajymMum;Mu\/ 0domcgonf wpftm;udkifí tm;pdkufNyD;qGJvkdufvQif? qif temw&jzpfomG ;acs&UJ [k ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D vQif vufacsmif;uav;ESpaf csmif; xJjzihf qif\ESmarmif;udkqGJí wGef;vkduf\/ qifonf þodkYwGef;vdkuf onfht&Sdefudk r½kef;uefEdkifbJ? aqmihfaMumifhzifxdkifvsuf vJusoGm;av \/ vltaygif;wdkYonf þtjzpfudk aumif;csD;Mobmay;Muaom[l\/ ("r® y '? t|uxm? ytk y f - 258) "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyK wuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tom;uk e f taph x k w f rsKd ; vk y f í xm;OD ; tH h xdo k Ykd 0dwduúrXmerSae udk,fxdvufa&muf vGefusL;pOf pdwfonf tawGUbuf arhvsufu ygoGm;awmha&m rodrIarm[u 'guawmh aumif;\xifonf þodkY rSwfcsufcsay;vdkufonfESihf aumif;pGJ pGJ&Jawmhonf/ 'guawmh qdk;\ xifonf þES,f rSwfcsufcsay;vdkufonfESihf rkef;pGJpGJ&acsawmhonf/ xdt k pGrJ sm;onf wpfzef y&d,Xk metjzpfvnf;aumi;f? wpfzef tEko,tjzpfvnf;aumif;? rsKd;yGm;xm;ay;cJhacsNyD/ onfb0 aemufwpfcg awGUu xyfrHusK;vGefjzpf&efwnf;/ vlYb0jzihf aemufwpfauGUawGYu xyfrHvGefusL;jzpf&ef wnf;/ þum; tukokdvf'kp½dkufw&m;wdkY e,fy,fowfrSwfwnf;/ rSwfcsuf/ / tukokdvf 'kp½dkufwdkY usufpm;aysmfjrL;Mu&m uHoHk;yg;wdkYwGif um,uH? 0pDuHwdkYü 0dwduúrXmeay:\/ raemuHüum; y&d,kXme ay:\/ xdkuH oHk;pHkaygif;wdkYonf raemtm½HkESihf cE¨m\ oP²mefj'yfwdkYüum; tEko,ay:\/ ¤if;wdkYum; wpfcsdefcsdef xyfrH jzpfyGm;&ef rsKd;pm;tjzpf wnf&Sdae&pfMuayvdrfhrnf/ ud e f ; puf j cif ; onf 0if t d y f a ejcif ; wpf r sKd ; yif txufu qdck NhJ y;D udavomwdYk cdak tmif;wwf&m ae&m oH;k rsK;d wdkYwGif... udk,fEIwfESpfyg;jzihf raumif;rI vGefusL;jcif;? pdwfwGif;uxef avmfrmÓPfjzpfyGm;jcif;[laom uHoHk;yg;wdkYjzihf raumif;jypf vGefusL;rI um; xif&Sm;\/ rxif&Sm;onfrSm tEko,XmerSjzpfay:vmjcif;yif/ xdkYaMumihf... xdk tEko,Xmeü raumif;jypf wnf&adS eyHu k kd þütenf;i,f azmfxkwfjyygtHh/ tfdyfaysmfaeolü uHvHk\/ odkYaMumihf olYü avmujypf r&Sd/ odkYwapvnf; EdI;ol&Sdí Edk;xvmaomf pdwfrcs&NyD/ ajryJaph\ xdyyf ikd ;f twGi;f cdak tmif;aeonfh ADZowdx å ;l onf ajryJyif r[kwf/ odkYwapvnf; olYüqdkif&m rdk;ESihfajrwdkY\ tpdk"mwfESihf tylaiGY udk tay;cH&avaomtcg tyifan§mihfodkY ajymif;vJ\/ onfhyrmyif tEko,[lonfvnf; .... twdwu f u H kd ypöKyeÜ u f u H ajrawmifajrm§ ufay;vdu k af om tcg

rdr\ d raemodYk jyify0w¬Ktm½Hw k u Ykd xif[yfvmaomtcg pdwüf xd;k usifh jcif;tan§mihfvnf; jzpfay:vmwwf\/ pdwfürqHh udk,fum,tEHSHYodkYyg tyifoefvmwwf\/ tEko,owdåonf... ,cif uHjyKpOfwkef;u pdwftm½Hk0,f NidwG,faeNyD;aom BudKuf rBudKuftpGJrsm; xdt k pGu J o kd mvQif aocgeD;0,f tm½H, k u l m wpfb0rS wpfb0 odYk ul;qufaomtm;jzihf y#doaE¨,pl Of xdt k m½Hyk &kH yd rf sm; rdr\ d oP²mef twGif;odkY xif[yfvmawmhjcif;? xdkxif[yfvmaom tm½HkyHk&dyfudk zrf;,lum BudKufESpfoufrd jcif; odkYr[kwf rkef;pGJpGJ0ifjcif;? þenf;jzihf trd0rf;acgif;0,f tm½Hk,lvsufu rdrd\ tm½HkESihf o@efwo Ykd Ykd cdt k yd í f om aeygacs\/ yrm.."mwfy½kH u kd &f mü vlrS cGx J u G f vmaom vl\ t&dyfonf rSefbDvl;rSwpfqifh zvifodkY t&dyfxif[yf vsuf uyfaeyHkrsKd;uJhodkYyif...þü rSefbDvl;\ qGJtm;onf tm½HkpGJ[lí rSwfygav/ zvif\ qJGtm;onf oP²mefpGJ[lí rSwfygav/ xdk qGJtm;rsm;onf wpfcsdefcsdef odkYr[kwf tvdk&Sdaomtcg puúLay:okdY uyfí rD;jyvdkufavaomtcg wpfbufpuúLrSm vl½kyfyHkESihf cRwfpGyfvQif ay:xifvmacsbdodkY xdkYtwl... tm½HkcHpm;cGihf &pOftcgwkef;u BudKuf\ aumif;onf rBudKuf rkef;\ paom tpGJrsm;onfvnf; tusKd;ay;cGihfomaom umv b0 tjzpfudkvnf; &ap\/ umrtjzpfudkvnf; &apawmh\/ odkYaMumihf.. xdb k 00,f BuKd urf BuKd uf tpGw J ikd ;f vQif tusK;d 0dygwfrsm; jyefveS f cHpm;Mu&acsawmhonf/ xdk tusKd;ay; 0dygu uHrsm;onf BudKufrBudKuf tukokdvfuH t&Sdef owdåwdkY\ qdk;jypfrsm;csnf;om jzpf&um; qdk;usKd;odkYom qdkuf ap\/ (u) vljzpf&jcif;um; ukokdvfuH 'geapwem\ rl&if;tusKd; aywnf;/ (c) vljzpfpOf &orQtm½Hk cHkrifaewwfjcif;um; 'gerIjzpfpOf u ygvSmaom avmbapwem\ BudKufjypfwnf;/ (*) vljzpfpOf awGUorQ &efrlaewwfjcif;um; 'gerIjyKpOfu ygvSmaom a'goapwem\ rBudKufjypfwnf;/ onhftwl 'gerIjyKpOfu rxHkwwfaw;pdwf? igpGJpdwf? ,SOfNydKif

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ vdkpdwf ponfrsm;uvnf; 'ge\ vlYb0 tusKd;ay;? aumif;usKd; o½kyf udk ab;rSae 0dkif;&Hum tdk;rnf;okwfay;aeMuayvdrhfOD;rnf/ pdwf roefY &Sif;aom 'gerIjyKjcif;\ o½kyfouefrsm;aywnf;/ tEko,onf xdkodkY vlYb0 vlYumrudk cHpm;pOf tm½Hkrsm;udk jrifodxd awGUrd avwdkif; pdwfudk vHIUaqmfjcif;? udk,fudk jyKusihfcdkif;jcif;wdkYudk tNrJyif azmfxkwfay;vsuf &Sdacsonf/ odkYaMumihf.... tEko,onf qdk;usKd;ay;&ef odkYr[kwf uHoHk;qifh vIyf&Sm;cGihf &&ef tdyf,mrSxí EdI;aqmfay;aeygonfqdku rrSm;wef&mNyD/ xef;vsufpm;oHk;rdzl;avol aemufwpfcsDxef;vsufjrifumrQ &Sdao; csKdaeonfrSm tEko,vufcsufwnf;/ 0ufom;pm;oHk;zl;NyD;avol pdwful;ay:½HkrQjzihf aemufxyf wpfzef 0ufom;pm;vdkjyefonfrSm tEko,vufcsufwnf;/ ol Y t &mr[k w f ik w f ? ol Y t &m[k w f r S xk w f o nf tEko,\... acG;b0wkef;u wPSmayrjzihf acG;rdef;rü om,m wyfpGJcJhrd aom 'kp½dkufrsKd;aphonf vlYb0odkY a&mufaepOfumv acG;rudkjrifaomf vnf; rxNyD/ tu,fwdwd acG;b0odkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;awmhí xdkacG; rudkjrif&acsaomfum; tEko,ikwf vIyfwJhum twufaygufvmacsNyD/ xdkYtwl... vlYb0ponfrsm;u jzpfyGm;rdaom 'kp½dkufrIrsm;onfvnf; tjcm; tjcm;aom b0rsm;qDodkY a&mufoGm;avaom umv0,f ikwf aumiftjzpf ikwaf eMuNy;D vGeu f sL;cJzh ;l &m b0rsK;d rsm;odYk jyefvnf a&muf &SdvmrSom oJajrBudKufrsKd;aph oJajrESihfawGUrS aygufa&mufonfh yrm uHoHk;pHktukefzGihfí aomif;usef;vmwwfMuacsonf/ þjzpfpOfudk axmufqí oP²mefudef; tEko,\ obm0udk oabmaygufoihfMu ayNy/D tEko,onf uHxdef;ewfom;wpfyg;wnf;/ tEko,onf qdk;usKd;wdkY odkrSD;&m *dkaxmifwnf;/ tm½Hk udef;tEko,um; b0wdkif;? ÓOftjzpf yg&SdaeMu avrnfom/ wrmap;tuyf opf a p;jzih f x yf í ok w f rcG m avES i h f qdktyfcJhNyD;aom tukokdvf 'kp½dkufwdkY usufpm;cdkem;&m udavomoHk;csuf 'd|dOD;pD;vsufu xyGuf&mwdkYudk y,fzsufvdk&mü oabmwljzifh zdESdyfBudwfacsí y,fzsufjcif;iSm rwwfEkdif&mNyD/ yrm... xef;vsufudk pm;zl;&mrS udef;aeaom tEko,vufikwf aMumihf xef;vsuEf iS fh yufyif;awGUpOf qmavmifjyif;jypGm pm;oH;k vdak om y&d,kXmef udavomudk... xdkxef;vsufjzihfyif 0tDoGm;atmif... odrYk [kwf xef;vsupf m;&if;u rke;f oGm;atmif xdx k ef;vsuu f kd t0auR; jcif;jzihf rysufjy,facs/ 0tDjcif;onf wpfzef qmavmif&m\ vrf;cif;wnf;/ jyKvyk rf rI uif;aom rnfonft h &mr[l jyKay;orQ ukecf rf;oGm; onfcsnf; jzpfMu&m tpm;Murf;aom uav;qdk;yrm ukefoGm;wdkif;

19

xyfawmif;rnfrSm "r®wmyif/ xdktm½Hkudk rkef;avmufatmif cHpm;apjcif;rsm;onf tap;yg aom t&m0w¬Kudk tap;ygaom t&m0w¬Kjzihf okwfvdrf;í cGmMunhfae bdodkYom jzpf&m\/ tap;tap;csif;xyf uyf½Hkom/ tap;ukdEkdifeif;onfrSm a&yifr[kwfavm/ onhfyrmvQif udavomtarS; tap;ygaom tukodfkvf'kp½dkufwdkY cdkudk;&m 'd|Od ;D pD;aom udavomwdYk em;ouf&m uHo;kH qifw h u Ykd kd y,fzsu&f müvnf; tap;vHk;0 ryg tap;udk uGmusapaom r*¾ifa&at;jzihfom El;í El;í y,fzsufMu&monf/ r*¾ifonf tylay;í tap;udkuGmapaom txl;azmfpyfxm; onfh aq;wpfrsKd;wnf;/

(quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

q&mBu;D OD;bcif ESp(f 40)jynfEh pS yf wfvnfaeYtxl;xkwrf *¾Zif;ESihf *kPjf yKpmtkyf xkwa f 0rnf urÇmh0dyóem w&m;jyq&mBuD;? q&mBuD; OD;*kdtifum\ q&m? urÇmh0dyóem w&m;jyq&mBuD;? q&mBuD; OD;bcif uG,fvGef onfh ESpf(40)jynfh ESpfywfvnfaeY (19-1-2011) trSwfw&tjzpf tvuFm0wf&nfpmay (zkef;-392507)u (eb,H0dZÆm "&? *rÇD&? okw? "r®r*¾Zif;)ukd 2011 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvwGif q&mBuD; OD;bcif txl;xkwf tjzpf *kPfjyKxkwfa0rnfjzpfNyD;? jrif;NcHpmay (zkef;253587)u pma&;q&mMunfvGif\ urÇmukd 0dyóemw&m; tvif;ay;cJhol? w&m;rD;tdrf&Sif? q&mBuD; OD;bcif(1899-1971) pmtkyfukd (1-1-2011)aeYwGif *kPfjyKxkwfa0rnfjzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdygonf/

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) xdkYtwl ,ckb0ü r*¾if&Spfyg;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuukefonf &Sdaomf 0d o k ' d ¨ 7 yg;wd k Y w G i f ,ck b 0ü rd r d o EÅ m ef r S m &&S d í aeaom 0dok'd¨w&m;onfvnf; r*¾if&Spfyg;\ tmEkabmfaMumihf tEkyg'daoo edAÁmefodkY a&mufonfwdkifatmif rdrdoEÅmefü wzef ysufpD;jcif;r&Sdaom ed,mroabmodkY qdkufa&mufí wnfav\/ ,ckb0ü rdrdoEÅmefrSm rjzpfb;l ukeaf o;? r&bl;ukeaf o;? ra&mufb;l ukeaf o;aom 0do'k ¨d w&m; wdkYonfvnf; r*¾if&Spfyg;\ tmEkabmfaMumihf ,ckb0üyifvQif rdrd oEÅ m ef ü jzpf a y:vmMu&uk e f \ / &Mu&uk e f \ ? a&muf M u&uk e f \ ? xdkYaMumihf bk&m;omoemwGif;ü BuHKBudKufMu&ukefaom vl&Siftaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkYrSm r*¾if&Spfyg;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;[laom or®m 0g,mr udpöwpfckwnf;omvQif udk,fusKd;udk,fpD;yGm;trSefjzpfacsonf [k odjrifMu&ukef\/ wyg;aom vlYudpö? &Sifudpörsm;onf raeomvSí rvTJomvS í ra&SmifomvSí jyKMu&aom tyudpörsKd;om jzpfonf[k odjrifMu &ukef\/ þum; Ak'¨bmom omoemü vdk&if;y"me jzpfaom or®m 0g,mr udpöBuD;udk jyqdkjcif;wnf;? OyÜEé? tEkyÜEéufdk jyqdkvQif tukodkvf ü 'kp½dkuf 10 yg;ESihf jyqdkrS vlwdkYodvG,fonf? ukodkvfü 0dok'd¨ 7 yg; tpOfESihf jyqdkrS vlwdkYodvG,fonf/ or® m 0g,mr 4 yg; (1) tukokdvft&mü ,ckb0wGif rdrdoEÅmefrSm jzpfzl;ukefaom 'kp½dkufw&m;wdkYudk aemif þb0rSpí b0tqufqufü rdrdoEÅmefrSm w&HwqpfrQ wzefjzpfay:jcif; r&Sdavatmif r*¾if&Spfyg;udk tm;xkwf jcif; or®m0g,mr wyg;/ (2) ,ckb0wGif rdrdoEÅmefü rjzpfzl;ukfí aemifrdrdoEÅmefrSm jzpf vwåHU aom tzdkYü wnfaeukefaom 'kp½dkufw&m;wdkYudk tEkyg'daoo

(Continue from last week) Established as Niya-ma Similarly, if the Noble Eightfold Path be practised and developed in this life, by virtue of its power, any Purification out of the seven kinds of Purifications which arises in one's body in this life, becomes indestructible and constant till one attains anupa-disesa-nibba-na; and also by virtue of the Noble Eightfold Path, the visuddhis which have never before arisen in one's body, or which have never been attained by one, or which one has never reached, arise in one's body, or are attained by one, or are reached by one in this very life.

One's own real benefit For these reasons, those devout laymen and Bhikkhus who are fortunate enough to encounter the Buddha Sa-sana should be convinced of the fact that only the practice of Right Effort in the practice and development of the Eightfold Path is, in reality, their welfare and wealth. Mundance affairs should be transacted only when they are absolutely necessary and unavoidable. This indeed is the clucidation of the Right Effort which is the fundamental factor in Buddhism.

Four Applications of Right Effat 1.In the matter of akusala Practice of the Eightfold Path with the intention of preventing the duccaritas from arising at all in this very life and the following existences, is a kind of Right Effort.

2. In the matter of akusala Practice of the Eightfold Path with the intention of preventing the duccaritas that have not yet arisen in one's body in this life but are liable to arise in the future, from arising at all till one attains anupa-disesa-nibba-nam, is a secound kind of Right Effort.

3. In the matter of kusala Putting forth effort to practise the Noble Eight-fold path

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. edAmÁ efoYkd a&mufonfwikd af tmif aemifrrd o d EÅmefrmS w&HwqpfrQ jzpfvm jcif;r&Sdavatmif r*¾if&Spfyg;udk tm;xkwfjcif; or®m0g,mr wyg;/ (3) ukodkvft&mü ,ckb0wGif rdrdoEÅmefrSm rjzpfbl;ukefao; aom txufxufaom 0do'k w ¨d u Ykd kd ,ckb0üyif r&vQif rae&? ra&muf vQif rae&atmif r*¾if&Spfyg;udk tm;xkwfjcif; or®m0g,mr wyg;/ (4) ,ckb0wGif rdrdoEÅmefrSm usihfoHk;aqmufwnfí aeaom ig;yg;oDv? tmZD0|ruoDv [laom oDv 0do'k w ¨d &m;udk ed,mrtjzpf odaYk &mufí aemifeAd mÁ efukd &onfb h 0wdik af tmif tpOftNrJ wnfapjcif; iSm r*¾if&Spfyg;udk tm;xkwfjcif; or®m0g,mr wyg;/ þum; vlwdkYodvG,f&ef a0zefíkjyqdkaom or®m0g,mr 4 yg;wnf;? 4 yg;qdkaomfvnf; udpötm;jzihf av;yg;&Sdonf? w&m;udk,frSm 0D&d,wyg;omwnf;? wckaom 0dok'd¨udk &&Sdatmif tm;xkwfaomtcg ü wckaom 0D&d,rSm xdkudpöav;yg; waygif;wnf; yg0if\/ or®m0g,mr 4 yg;NyD;\/ or® m owd ed a '´ o or®mowdav;yg;ü owå0gwdkY\ yuwdpdwfonf &yfwnfr& vGihfyg;ajy;oGm;í ae\? ur®|mef;tm½Hkü rdrdwdkYpdwfudk wnfNidrfpGm xm;jcif;iSm tpdk;r&Muukef? pdwfudk tpdk;r&Muukefaomf ol½l; olESrf;wdkY ESifh wluek \ f / xdo k ½l ;l olErS ;f wdo Yk nf pdwu f kd tpd;k r&Muukeo f nfh twGuf wpfpHkwpfckaom vlYta&;? vlYt&mwdkYü vl&mr0ifukef/ xdt Yk wl bm0emudpw ö üYkd rdrw d pYkd w d u f kd wnfNird pf mG xm;jcif;iSm tpdk;r&Muukefaom &Sifvltaygif;wdkYonf wpfpHkwpfckaom ur®|mef; tm½Hkudk ESvHk;oGif;í prf;vQif ol½l; olESrf;ESihf tvm;wljzpfí aeMuukef \/ ur®|mef;tm½HkESihf awGUBuHKvQif rdrdwdkYpdwfudk rdrdwdkY tpdk;r& &SdaeMu onfudk odMuukef\/ xdkYaMumihf &yfwnfr& vIyf&Sm;vGihfyg; ajy;oGm;í aeaom pdwf½lk;pdwfaemufwdkYudk y,fazsmufí tvdk&Sd&m ur®|mef; tm½Hk

in such a way as to attain or realise without fail the higher Purifications, which have not yet been attained by one in this very life, is the third kind of Right Effort.

4. In the matter of kusala Putting forth effort in such a way as a keep unbroken the Purification of Virtue such as the Five Precepts and A j1-vat.t.hamaka s1-la which one is observing in this very life, till one attains Nibba-na and to make it permanent, is the fourth kind of Right Effort.

These are the four kinds of Right Effort which have been expounded in such a way as to make the people understand them easily. They are enumerated as four only with reference to the four kinds of functions. In reality, there is only one relevant dhamma. namely, viriya (effort), for the simple reason that when one tries to achieve any one visuddhi, the viriya so exercised covers the said four functions automatically.

Here ends the exposition of the four kinds of Samma-va-ya-ma.

Exposition of Right Mindfulness The mind of beings is never steady, but is always fleeting. They have no control over their mind so as to fix it steadily on any object of meditation. When they cannot control their mind they resemble mad or mentally deranged persons. Society had no regard for such persons who have no control over their mind. Similarly, those who have no control over their mind so as to keep it steady in meditating, find that they resemble a mad person, whenever they attempt to fix their mind on any object of meditation. They are aware that they cannot control their mind - they try to fix it on an object of meditation. To eliminate the unsteady and fleeting mind and to fit it steadily on an object of meditation, one has to practive the Four Applications of Mindfulness (Satipat.t.ha-na.)

Four Applications of Mindfulness.

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

22

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

ü pdwfudk wnfNidrfpGm xm;Ekdifjcif;iSm av;yg;aom owdy|mef w&m;wdkY udk tm;xkwfMu&ukefownf;/ or® m owd 4 yg; (1) um,mEk y óem owd y |mef qd k o nf u m; rd r d \ ½lyum, cE¨mudk,fü rdrd\ pdwfudk or®mowdwnf;[laom BudK;vGefjzihf tMuyf twnf; bGJUcsnfí xm;jcif;wnf;? xGufouf 0ifoufpaom wpf c k c k aom ½l y um,ud k pG J N rJ p G m ½I j cif ; [k qd k v d k o nf ? xd k o d k Y xm;zefrsm;í 3-v? 4-v ponf&Sdvwfaomf pdwf½l; pdwfaemufonf aysmufNidrf;\? wpfaeY wpfaeYvQif 1 em&Dwefonf? 2 em&D? 3 em&D? 4 em&D? 5 em&D? 6 em&Dponf xGufouf 0ifoufpaom rdrd½lyum, cE¨mudk,fü rdrd pdwfudk wnfNidrfpGm xm;Ekdif\/ xdktcg tvdk&Sd&m ur®|mef;tm½Hkü wnfNidrfpGm xm;jcif;iSm rdrdpdwfudk rdrdtpdk;&\/ (2) a0'emEkyóem owdy|mefqdkonfum; rdrdoEÅmefrSm tvSnt fh vnftm;jzihf rjywfrpJjzpfíaeaom okc a0'em? 'kua© 0'em? paom a0'em um,cE¨mü rdrdpdwfudk or®mowdwnf;[laom BudK;vGef jzihf tMuyftwnf; bGJUcsnfí xm;jcif;wnf;? xdkodkY xm;zefrsm;vwf aomf pdw½f ;l pdwaf emuf aysmufNird ;f \/ xdt k cgtvd&k &dS m ur®|mef;tm½Hük wnfNidrfpGmxm;jcif;iSm rdrdpdwfudk rdrdtpdk;&\/ (3) pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef qdkonfum; rdrdoEÅmefrSm tvSnt hf vnftm;jzihf rjywfrpJjzpfíaeaom avmbESifh ,SOaf ompdw?f a'goESihf,SOfaompdwf? paom pdwftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYü rdrdpdwfudk or®mowd wnf;[laom BudK;vGefjzihf tMuyftwnf; bGJUcsnfí xm;jcif;wnf;? xdkodkY xm;zefrsm;vwfaomf pdwf½l; pdwfaemufonf aysmufNidrf;\? xdktcg tvdk&Sd&m ur®|mef;tm½Hkü wnfNidrfpGm xm;jcif;iSm rdrdpdwfudk rdrd tpdk;&\/ (4) "r®mEkyóem owdy|mefqdkonfum; rdrdoEÅmefrSm &Sdae aom urpäE´? Asmyg'? xde? rd'¨? O'¨pö? ukuúKpö? 0dpdudpäm tp&Sdaom w&m;wdkYü rdrdpdwfudk or®mowd[laom BudK;vGefjzihf Muyfwnf;pGm bGJU csní f xm;jcif;wnf;? xdo k Ykd xm;zefrsm;vwfaomf pdw½f ;l pdwaf emufonf aysmufNidrf;\/ xdktcg tvdk&Sd&m ur®|mef;tm½Hkü wnfNidrfpGm xm;jcif; iSm rdrdpdwfudk rdrd tpdk;&\/ rd r d u d k , f c E¨ m ud k ½l y um,wpf r sKd ; ? a0'emum,wpf r sKd ; ? pdwåum,wpfrsKd;? "r®um,wpfrsKd;[k 4 yHk 4 pkyHkíxm;NyD;vQif ydkif;jcm; &m em&DtwGif;ü rdrdcE¨mudk,frS tytm½HkodkY rdrdpdwfudk rxGufoGm;aprl í xdkav;yg;aom rdrdtZÑwå um,wdkYüomvQif owdwnf;[laom BudK;vGefjzihf bGJUxm;í b0tqufqufwdkYu tpOfygvmaom pdwf½l; pdwfaemuf pdwfylpdwfavmifawGudk aysmufNidrf;atmifjyKrIudk owdy|mef tvkyfqdkonf? tus,fudkrlum; (r[mowdy|meokwfBuDF;)rSm ,lav? xGufouf? 0ifouf ½Ienf;udk igwdkYpD&ifaom (tmemyge'DyeDusrf;)rSm ,lav? wpfaeYwpfaeYwGif ntcg ü 2 em&Dwef? 3 em&Dwefonf

1. Ka-ya-nupassana- satipat.t.ha-na (Mindfulness on the Contemplation of the Body.)

It means that one's mind is firmly bound up with one's Corporeality-group by means of the rope of Right Mindfulness.

It mean constantly looking at, or concentrating one's mind on physical phenomena, such as exhaling and inhaling and so forth.

When this practice has been repeated for three or four months, the unsteadiness of the mind will disappear. Then one becomes capable of constantly concertrating one's mind on one's Corporeality group, such as exhaling and inhaling for one hour, two, three, four, five or six hours every day. Then one has the control of the mind to fix it on any object of meditation.

2. Vedana-nupassana- satipat.t.ha-na (Mindfulness on the Contemplation of the feelings) It means that one's mind is firmy bound up by means of the rope of Right Mindfulness with one's Feeling-group, such as agreeable feelings and so forth, which are constantly taking place in one's body according to circumstances. Repeated fixation of the mind on these feelings will put the restlessness of the mind to an end. Then one has the control of the mind to fix it on any object of meditation.

3.Citta-nupassana- satipat.t.ha-na (Mindfulness on the Contemplation of Consciousness) It means one's mind is firmly bound up by means of the rope of Right Mindfulness with the other types of consciousness which are associated with greed and hatred which are alternately present in one's mind- continuum according to circumstances. When this is repeated many times, the restlessness of the mind disappears. Then one has the control of the mind to fix it on any object of meditation.

4.Dhamma-nupassana- satipat.t.ha-na (Mindfulness on the Contemplation of Mental objects) It means one's mind is firmly bound up by means of the rope of Right Mindfulness with such meantal object as sensuous lust, ill- will, torpor and languor, restlessness, worry and sceptical doubt and so forth, which arise in one's life- contimuum.

When this is repeated many times, the mental restlessness disappears. Then one has the control of one's mind to fix it on any object of meditation.

Bind up with the rope Satipat.t.ha-na means the meditative work of getting rid of the mad, deranged, hot and burning mind that has accompanied one's life- continuum from pat successive becomings, by binding up one's mind by means of the rope of mindfulness with the four groups of the body, namely, corporeality- group, sensation- group, consciousness- group and mental- objects- group, for a prescribed peroid of time, so that one's mind does not go asray to external objects of thought, but is confined to the said four groups only.

(For details, see Maha-satipat.t.ha-na Sutta. As regards the practice of exhaling and inhaling, Ana-pa-na- D1-pan1- by Ledi Sayadaw may be referred to.)

TALKS ABOUT THE TRUESTORY "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ tcsdefudk ydkif;jcm;í tm;xkwf&rnf/ or® m orm"d ed a '´ o or®morm"d 4 yg;wGif avmuü pmayusrf;*ef oifMum;rIrSm oifyHk;BuD;onf tptOD;jzpf\/ oifyHk;BuD;aMuvnfrS txufpmudk oifMum;í jzpfonf? xdkYtwl bm0emtvkyfrSmvnf; owdy|mefonf tp tOD;jzpf\/ owdy|meftvkyf ae&musí pdw½f ;l ? pdwaf emufaysmuf Nidrf;rS txuftxufaom ur®|mef;bm0emtrIrsm;udk wnfNidrfpGm tm;xkwfEkdifonf/ xdkYaMumihf owdy|meftvkyf ae&musí rdrdudk,f cE¨mtpkwdkYü wpfaeY 1 em&D? 2 em&D? 3 em&Dponfjzihf rdrdpdwfudk wnfNird pf mG xm;Ekid Mf uaomtcgü oify;kH Bu;D aMuvnfNy;D aomtcg r*Fv okwf? eruúm&? y&dwfBuD;? o'´g? oN*ØK[fponfrsm;udk wufí oifMum; &ouJhodkY? pdwå0dok'd¨bm0em[k qdktyfaom orxpsmef? orm"d 4 yg;udk tm;xkwf&mownf;/ xdk 4 yg;wdkYwGif (1) yxrpsmeform"dqdkonfum; uodkPf;q,fyg;? tokb q,fyg;? auom? avmrmpaom 'Gwdå H oum, wpfyg;? tmemyge wyg;? arwåm? u½kPm? rk'dwm[laom jA[®0d[m& 3 yg;? þ 25 yg;aom ur®|mef;wdw Yk iG f wpfcw k pfcak om ur®|mef;wdüYk y&dur®bm0em?

Oypm&bm0em? tyÜembm0e4mwnf;[laom bm0emtpOftm;jzihf vGefrif;pGm tm;xkwfí a&S;OD;pGm &tyfaom yxrpsmef orm"dudk qdkownf;? ,ckumvü pdwf½l;pdwfaemuf aysmufNidrf;½HkrQ tm;xkwf tmemyge tvk y f o nf yxrpsmef o rm"d t vk y f ü twG i f ; 0if \ / owdy|mef tvkyfyxrpsmef orm"dtvkyf 2 csuf&\/ þorm"dpsmef 4 yg;wdkY\ tpDt&ifudk (0dok'd¨r*f t|uxm) rSm ,lav/ or®morm"d 4 yg; NyD;\/ þwGif a&GU r*¾if&Spfyg;o½kyftus,fNyD;\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

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This should be practised for a fixed peroid of two or three hours every night according to circumstances.

This is the end of the four kinds of Samma-sati.

Expositoin of Right Concentration (Only when the mental restlessness disappears) In the world, in learning how to read, one has to begin from alphabets. Only after one has mestered the alphabets, higher education can be acquired. Similarly in the process of mental development, application of mindfulness is to be practised first, Only when the work of satipat.t.ha-na is in order, mad and deranged mind will be got rid of and the higher stages of meditation can be practised with steadfastness.

So when the work of satipat.t.ha-na is in order and when one is able to concentrate one's mind undisturbedly for a period of one hour, two hours, three hours, etc.., daily on one's own body, one should practise cittavisuddhi bha-vana- (Contemplation of Purification of Consciousness) which is otherwise known as the four kinds of samatha- jha-na- sama-dhi, "just as the higher . studies like Man gala- Sutta, Namakka-ra, Parittas, Grammar, .

Abhidhamma- sangaha, etc.., are prosecuted after having thoroughly mastered the alphabets.

Of these four kinds of Sama-dhis: Pat.hama- jha-na- sama-dhi (First Jha-na Concentration) There are twenty-five kinds of kammat.t.ha-na. They are: 1. ten kinds of kasin.a (meditation devices) 2. ten kinds of asubha (loathsomeness) 3. thirty- two parts of the body 4. exhaling and inhaling (Ana-pa-nassati) 5. the three kinds of brahmaviha-ra (sublimestates), namely. (a) metta- – (loving kindess) (b) karun.a – (compassion) (c) mudita- – (sympathetic joy) And this pat.hama-jha-na- sama-dhi is attained by intense practice of one of the said meditation subjects passing through the three successive bha-vana-s (meral concertration) of perikeamma bha-vana- (initial concentration), upaca-ra bha-vana(access- concentration) and appana- bha-vana- (attainment concentration).

Meditation by the exercise of fixing mindfulness on exhaling and inhaling merely to get rid of mad and deranged mind is included in the First Jha-na Concentration.

(It should be noted that the practice of fixing mindfulness on exhaling and inhaling serves both the purpose of establishing. Mindfulness and attainment of the First Jha-na. For full explanation of the four sama-dhi- Jha-nas, a referance may be made to Visuddhimagga- At.t.hakatha- (The Path of Purification).)

This is the end of the four kinds of Samma-sama-dhi.

This is the end of the full explanation of the Noble Eightfold Path. (To be continue)

DHAMMA TALKS

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D )

r,fawmfBuD;&JU om;vGrf;&dyf qHyifjzLjzL z½dkz&JeJY tydktuJvnf; ryg tom;u rJjymjym rsufESmu ylAsmygtNyHK; cg;uvnf;ukef; tom;ta&u ydefcsHK;? MunhfvdkY rqHk;jzpfaewJh rsufvHk;tpHkwdkYjzihf wJtdrfwdkifuav;udk vufuudkifNyD; usef&pfcJhwJh r,fawmfBuD;&JU yHk&dyfudk pma&;ol&JU pdwfrSm wHqdyf½dkufxm; ovdkjzpfaeNyD; y,fzsufír& owd&wdkif; oem;aerdygonf/ r,fawmfBuD;onf toufuvnf;BuD; usef;rma&;uvnf; csKUd wJ?h aumif;rGew f hJ vu©Pmr[kw?f 'Dtrd pf w k u f av;twGi;f rSm aervH?k avrvHk? rdk;rvHk? rjynhfrpHkeJY Mum&SnfpGmaevm&if rjzpfoihfwmawG jzpfygvdrfhr,f[laom tawG;eJY pdwfrat;p&mBuD;udk pOf;pm;rdcJhonf/ tjyefc&D;wpfavQmufwiG f um;pD;&if;eJY jynhpf pkH mG ae&Ny;D aiGo;kH jzKef;vsuf rmefwufaeaom oli,fcsif;&JU jzpf&yfrSefjrifuGif;eJY qif;&JpGm aexdkifpm;aomuf&NyD; usHK;½kef;ukef;NyD; tvkyfvkyfvsuf acRwmoHk;um &wJah iG om;xHyaYkd ewJh r,fawmfBu;D &JU jzpf&yfreS jf rifuiG ;f ESpcf w k u Ykd kd pma&; ol ESvHk;oGif;aerdNyD; pdwfxJrSm rcsdatmif uvdjzpfae&onf/ teD;pyfq;kH ud, k w f idk jf rifawGUcJ&h wJh jrifuiG ;f udk jyefvnfpOf;pm; rdvmjyefonf/ r,fawmfBuD;[m om;&[ef;wdkYudk qGrf;wpfeyf uyfEkdif a&;twGuf toufudkyif y"merxm;bJ wpfnvHk;rtdyfrae vIyf&Sm;

ajy;vTm;cJhwmawG? tar wpfOD;&JU om;tay:xm;wJh apwem? arwåm tepfemcHraI wGum; tHMh ozG,&f adS ypG? wefz;kd Bu;D rm;avpGwum;[k tar uyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyfudk oHk;oyfaerdawmhonf/ r,fawmfBuD;onf bk&m;&Sif a&Tvufxufawmftcgu (18) uka# <u,f0wJh om0wdo ¬ al X;Bu;D wdYk ZeD;armifeo HS nf ypön;f awG ysujf ym; NyD; qif;&JoGm;um awmif;pm;ae&onftxd jzpfoGm;&\/ tdk;rJhtdrfrJh b0jzpfí olwpfyg; tdrfeH&HwGif uyfaeMu&pOf om;&[ef;u oydwfudk ydkuf acgif;idkufpdkufjzihf qGrf;&yfavawmh ]]uefawmhqGrf;ygbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;NyD;rS om;&[ef;jzpfrSef; odoGm;&wJh olaX;BuD;vifr,m;uJh odkY 'Dr,fawmfBuD;[m om;&[ef;twGuf &SmazGNyD; rvSL'gef;Ekdifonfh tajctaeokdY tu,fía&mufygvQif r,fawmfBuD;&ifrSm b,fvdkyif cHpm;ae&rvJ? b,fvdkajzodrfhae&rvJ[k pma&;oludk,fcsif;pmempdwf jzihf cHpm;Munhfrdavonf/ oli,fcsif; &[ef;udkvnf; taruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf\ jzpf&yf rSet f aMumif;rsm;udk odapcsiyf gonf/ ajymjycsiyf gonf/ tar[m uG,f &mrSmb,fvdk'ku©cHpm;ae&w,f? b,fvdkajzodrfhNyD; usdwfrSdwfae&w,f qdw k t hJ aMumif;ESifh om;a&SUusvQif rcsNd yKH ;NyKH ;jyvsuf pdwq f if;&JrI tm;vH;k ajyzHk;um;csae&w,f qdkwmawGudk ajymjycsifodapcsifygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; ajymjyvQif jyKjyifrnfrxifvdkY olYtaruyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyfudk pma&;oluyJ rSwfwrf;wif*kPf,lrdaeygonf/ r,fawmf BuD;&JU apwem? o'¨geJYpGefYpGefYpm;pm; BudK;pm;NyD; qufuyfwJh qGrf;wpfeyf udk owd&wdkif; arwåmvdIif;rsm; r,fawmfBuD;tm; ay;ydkYaevsufyg/ þr,fawmfBuD;eJY om;&[ef;wdkY\ jzpf&yfrSefjrifuGif;rsm;udk MunhfvQif tar? tazwdkY[m om;orD;rsm;tay: xm;wJh apwem arwåmawG[m tydkif;tjcm;r&Sdyg/ rnfonfh tajrmufvufeuf? taMumif;tcsufawGaMumihfvnf; rdbarwåm[m rysufpD;yg/ om;orD; wdkYtwGuf jznfhNrJjznfhvsufyg/ tepfemcHNrJcHvsufyg/ tJ'g[m rdbwdkif; &JU obm0 arwåmyg/ rdbrsm;onf om;orD;wdt Yk wGuf jynhpf pkH mG pm;aomufaexdik f a&;udk a&SUwef;wifvsuf tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmif&Gufxrf;aqmifae acs\/ ysufuGufjcif;? pdwfysufjcif;um; r&Sdygacs/ xdktcsufudk om;orD;wdkY odxm;oihfygonf/ igwdkYudk rdbwdkY b,fvdk BudK;pm;í jyKpkvkyfauR;aeygoenf;/ igwdkYuG,f&mrSm rdbwdkY tb,frQ 'ku©cHpm;í &SmazGaeMuygoenf;[k owduyfNyD; tuJcwf vsuf odxm;oihfyg\/ igwdkYonf rdbwdkYudk b,fvdkjyefvnfNyD; jyKpkvkyfauR;&rvJ [laom aus;Zl;wHkYjyefvkyfauR;rIudk aemufrSpOf;pm;yg/ pmrsuf E S m 38 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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"r®aejcnfatmufrS yef;wpfyGihf a&T u ef t&S i f M obmooD & d

]]t&S i f b k & m; wynh f a wmf r u oHo&m0#fu uRwfvdkvSygNyD? b0 oHo&m tqufqufu qif;&JcJhwmudk rqdkygeJY? ,ck rsufarSmufb0rSm 'ku©rD;awG awmufavmif ae&wmudkyif aMumufvefYpdwfeJY wxdwfxdwf wkefvIyfae&wmygbk&m;}} (pE´max&D) jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f vuf x uf a wmf tcgu ykPÖm;awGcsnf;yJ pka0;um aexdkifwJh &GmBuD;wpf&Gm &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ tJ'D&GmrSm ypönf; Opömtm;jzihf csr;f om<u,f0wJh ykPmÖ ;vifr,m; ESpfa,muf&Sdygw,f/ wpf a eY u sawmh yk a PÖ ; rBuD ; rS m y#doaE¨wnfvmygw,f/ uH w &m;qd k w m qef ; Mu,f p G m jzih f taMumif;tusKd; w&m;awGudk jzpfapwwf aom oabm obm0avmuBuD;&JU ed,mr twdkif; tJ'Duav;udk oaE¨vG,fwJhaeYupNyD; ykPÖm;rdom;pk[m wjznf;jznf; pD;yGm;a&;awG usqif;vmygw,f/ rdbqdkwm om;orD;eJY ywfoufvm ygu cspfcifESpfoufwJh oabmtwdkif; ykPÖm; rd o m;pk u awmh pD ; yG m ;a&;awG usqif ; qk w f , k w f v mwmud k ol w d k Y & J U arG ; vmr,f h om;orD; &wemaMumihf[k rxifxm;ygbl;/ 'DvdkeJY tcsdefawGMumjrihfvmvdkufwm ykaPÖ;r BuD;[m uav;çav;udk arG;zGm;vmygw,f/ arG ; vmwJ h trsKd ; orD ; av;[m vpE´muJhodkY rsufESmav;0dkif;NyD; vSyvGef;vdkY rpE´m&,fvkdY trnfay;xm;ygw,f/

rpE´mav; arG;vmwJhtcgrSmawmh ykPÖm;rdom;pk[m tvGefudk qif;&J'ku©a&muf aeygNyD/ rpE´m&JU a&S;uHw&m;udku qif;&JzkdY jzpfvmwmqdkawmh rpE´mav;[m qif;&Jyif yef;pGmjzihf b0udkjzwfoef;&ygw,f/ vl r I y wf 0 ef ; usif u qif ; &J p G m toufarG;&ovdk w&m;"r®uvnf; a0;uGmae awmh rpE´mwdYk rdom;pktzdYk oHo&mvGwaf jrmuf rI csrf;omokcqdkwJh tawG;rsKd; a&mufrvmyg bl;/ vuf & S d b 0 BuD ; yG m ;csrf ; omrI taMumif;w&m;awGudkyJ jyKvkyfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh b0oH o &mtquf q uf u 'ge ukokdvfw&m;awG rjyKvkyfcJhwJh vlwpfa,muf tzdkY ypöKyÜeftusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;zdkY[mvnf; rvG,u f El idk yf gbl;/ r&Sdawmh rvSL? rvSLjyefawmh r&Sd? r&Sdawmh qif;&Jjcif; oHo&mMum;rSmyJ tcgcg epfrGef;Muygw,f/ tck v nf ; rpE´ m wpf a ,muf ' ge wnf;[laom ukov dk u f w H &m; tm;enf;cJh awmh yifyef;qif;&JpGm b0aeY&ufawGudk ukefvGefap ygw,f/ b,f a vmuf y if qif ; &J y gap? tu,fíw&m;jzihf aeEkdifolwpfa,mufjzpfyg u b0&JU 'ku©awG[mvnf; tusKd;ay;zdkY tcGihf ta&;[m aESmihfaES;aysmufuG,foGm;rSmyg/ okdYaomf vltawmfrsm;rsm;taejzihf tJ'Dvdk (w&m;jzihfaeaomtawG;)aezdkY pdwful;rsm; r&Sd Muay/

r&S d M uonf h t avsmuf v nf ; 'k u © w&m;awG[m ydkí ydkíom wdk;yGm;vmum b0 'ku©awG[mvnf; ydkNyD;awmh qdk;0g;vmw,f/ rD;avmif&mavyifh? uHqdk;roGm;&m rdk;vdkufvdkY&Gmqdkovkd wpfaeYusawmh rpE´mwdkY t&yfa'orSm uyfab;'ku©wpfck qkdufa&muf vdkY vmcJhygw,f/ tJ ' D u yf a &m*g a0'emuawmh tjcm;r[kwfay/ ]t[d0gw} vdkYac:wJh a&m*g yJjzpfw,f/ jrefrmvdkajym&if tvGefMurf;wrf; jyif;xefwJh ]avief;} a&m*gjzpfygw,f/ tu,fí &Gmwpf&Gmudk avief;a&m *g pwifysUH ESUH oGm;ygu tJ'&D mG rSm&Sw d hJ vlawG[m wjznf;jznf; aoausysufpD;ukefwmaygY/ tdrfwpftdrfu tdrfom;wpfa,muf udk t[d0gwa&m*g ul;pufcH&ygu tJ'Dtdrf rS m aeMuwJ h td r f o l td r f o m;awG t m;vH k ; aoausysufpD;ukefa&m/ vlawG taotaysmufrsm;wJh t&yf a'oqdkwm raumif;qdk;0g;awGu ydkNyD;awmh aomif;usef;avh&Sdygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfajym&&if ajrMurf; wJht&yf raeoihf raexdkufwJh t&yfa'ovkdY ac:ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh... umr*kPf tm½HkMum;rSm epfrGef;wJh vlqdkwmrsKd;[m aoonftxd umr*kPftm½Hk awGudk pGJvef;avh&SdMuygw,f/ t[d0gw a&m*gjzpfwJh t&yfa'o u vl a wG [ m wjcm;t&yf a 'owpf c k u d k ajymif;a&TUrS 'Da&m*g&JUab;u vGwfajrmufEkdif ygw,f/ 'DvdkrS r[kwfbJ ]]igYom;av;udkxm;NyD; ig b,fudkrS roGm;Ekid ?f ]]igYtarudk 'Da&m*g aysmufatmif ukr,f}}qdkNyD; oHa,mZOfBudK;awGeJY wpfOD;udk pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

pmrsuf E S m 17 rS aom txnfj'yfukd vufuikd rf jyEdik af wmh/ rsKd ;½d;k pOfqufu Ak'¨bmom[líom rdrdonfvnf; Ak ' ¨ b mom[k tjyKoabmjzih f NyD ; pvG , f owfrSwfxm;\/ tcsdKUrSm jrefrmvlrsdK;jzpfyg vsuf? a,mif0g;0g;jzifh tm;udk;rSm;aeMu\/ &ifav;zG,af umif;aypG/ þonfum; Ak'b ¨ mom \ Ak'¨"r®tESpfom&udk rodjcif;aMumifh jzpfyg \/ Ak'¨bmom0if[laom yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf\ odoifhodxdkuf? usihfoifhusihfxdkufonfwdkYudk ravhvm rusihfBuHjcif;aMumifhomjzpf&yg\/ trSeftm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkY Ak'¨bmom onf rdbu Ak'¨bmomjzpfjcif;aMumifh om; orD ; onf v nf ; Ak ' ¨ b momjzpf o nf [ k owfrw S x f m;ír&/ ,if;odaYk om om;orD;onf Ak'b ¨ momawmh rSeyf g\/ wu,hAf 'k b ¨ mom0if wpfa,mufum;r[kwf/ rd½dk;zvmomjzpf\/ pif p pf a omf u m; Ak ' ¨ b momonf trnf c H r[kwf? vufawGUusihfBuHí vufawGUtppfcH tprf;oyfcHEdkifaom bmomwpf&yfjzpfyg\/ vufwq D &mawmf\ Owåryk&o d 'DyeD Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufjzpfEdkifzdkY[lonf 'o 0w¬Ku ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓPfpifMu,fí y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;wdkYudk vkdufemusihfoHk;Edkif& rnf[kqdk\/ þtjyif 'o0w¬Ku or®m'd|dESihf vnf; jynhfpHk&ayrnf/ ,if;'o0w¬Kor®m'd|d [l o nf (1) tw¬d'dEéH= ay;urf;usdK;&Sd\/ (2) tw¬d,d|H= vufOD;vufzsm;ay;vSLylaZmfusdK;&Sd \/ (3) tw¬d[kwH= tBuD;tus,fay;vSLylaZmf usd K ;&S d \ / (4) tw¬ d o k u w'k u ú # meH ur® m eH z vH 0d y gaum gaum= ok p ½d k u f q ,f y g;\ aumif;usdK;'kp½dkuf q,fyg;\raumif;usdK; &Sd\/ (5) tw¬dt,H avmaum avmaum= þvlYbHk avmuonf&Sd\/ (6) tw¬ d y &avmaum &avmaum= þvl b H k r S w pf y g; ewf b H k ? i&J b H k & S d \ / (7) tw¬drmwm mwm= trdü aumif;pGm vkyfauR;arG;jrL jcif;ç jypfrSm;usL;vGefjcif; aumif;usdK;? raumif; usKd;&Sd\/ (8) tw¬dydwmm= tbü aumif;pGm vk y f a uR;arG ; jrLjcif ; ç jypf r S m ;usL;vG e f j cif ; aumif ; usd K ;? raumif ; usd K ;&S d \ / (9) tw¬ d owå m Moyygwd a um um= avmuwpf y g;rS avmuwpf y g;od k Y ajymif ; a&T U í y#d o aE¨ aeuk e f a om owå 0 gwd k Y o nf & S d \ / (10) tw¬davmau orP jA[®Pm or®*¾wm or® m y#d y Eé m a, £rÍö a vmuH y&Íö avmuH o,H tbd n m opä d uwG m ya0a'EÅ d = avmuü tnD t ñG w f j zpf M u

uk e f a om aumif ; pG m usih f B uH M uuk e f a om trnfcEH ikd rf nfwnf;/ þavmuESifh wrvGeaf vmudk ud, k w f idk 'f |d o d í d oQif a wZrmvm(e*g;ay:) rsuf a rS m uf j yKí a[mMum;Muayuk e f a om ñT e f ; &[ef;? ykPÖm;? bk&m;? yapöuAk'¨g? t&d,m Owú r yk & d o 'D y eD olawmfaumif;wdkYonf &Sdukef\[lonfwdkYjzpf Muyg\/ þ'o0w¬Ku or®m'd|Ó d PfwnfvQif rdro d nf Ak'b ¨ momaumif;wpfa,mufjzpf\[k {uefrkcsowfrSwfí &EdkifNyDwnf;/ Ak'b ¨ mom0if[q k &kd mü av;rsKd ;uGjJ ym; vsuf&Sd\/ tb,fwdkYenf;[lrl (1) Ak'¨bmom 0ifti,f? (2) Ak'¨bmom0iftvwf? (3) Ak'¨ bmom0iftBu;D ? (4) y&rw¬A'k b ¨ mom0iftppf [l o nf w d k Y j zpf \ / ,if ; wd k Y w G i f rd ½ k d ; zvm Ak'¨bmomonf Ak'¨bmom0ifti,frnf\/ tvG r f ; ysKd ; csd e f yef ; n§ K d ; csd e f rdpmä 'd|[ d o l rQukd y,fprG ;f Edik af om y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f ynmÓPfukd "mwfuaJG tmifç "mwfaygufatmif Ä igygrSNyD;jrif E d k i f a om yk * ¾ d K vf o nf Ak ' ¨ b mom0if ighenf;omrSef? igh[efomausmf tvwf rnf\/ 0dyóem or®m'd|dÓPfukd&&Sd igawmfigwwf? igjrwfigpGrf; uD;rnf\/ aomyk*¾dKvfonf Ak'¨bmom0iftBBuD ihgvrf;igavQmuf? igajr§mufrS<u þAk'¨bmom0iftvwfE S i f h tBuD ; wd k Y o nf igxlx\? igtodqkH; vuf & S d w pf b 0om pd w f c s&\/ aemuf igqkdxkH;jyK? igrmefckjyef aemifb0rsm;üum; pdwfrcs&/ bmomwpfyg; igo@mefwif;? igzefqif;ig odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;Ekdifacsao;\/ wigigESihf? t&m&mrSm opö m av;yg;ayguf a &muf N yD ; onh f igrSig[k? igtwåNcKH aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfonf y&rw¬Ak'¨bmom0if iguJxkHavSmuf? ig*kPfarmufí tppfrnfyg\/ þyk*¾dKvfrsdK;wdkYonf ,ckb0 igwpfa&mufxnf; xifaepOfuG,v f eG u f m aemufaemifb0rsm;ü tjcm;rdpmä t,l&adS ombmomodYk ul;ajymif;í arG;zGm;onf Ä onfrkd;atmuf onfajrjyif &Sad omfrS rdrd\Ak'¨bmomudk rpGefY? txHkygoGm; ightoGif igjrwfEkd;/ acs\/ Ak'¨bmomtwGuf touftEÅ&m,fESifh Zmwfn§Kd;csdef tkdemzGJUNyDwnfh &ifqikd &f vQiyf if bmomudrk pGe?Yf toufuo kd m ao&rnf aocsdefa&mufygrS pGefYoGm;ayrnf/ xdkyk*¾dKvfonf ]t|mearwH aemuftpiif ]]ightxif}} rpGrf;ombk bdua© 0 te0umaom ,H 'd|o d rÜaEém yk*a¾ vm axmufjyvQif ]]ightjrif}} tnH ow¬m&H O'´dao,sH= edAÁmef,lonhfwkdif wu,fruRr;f onfy atmif oAÁnKwAk'¨bmom omoemonf aMumufp&mhtoGif ]]ihgb0if}} tNrJwnfav\ v\}} [laom yk*¾dKvfrsdK;jzpfyg\/ wkefcg&rf;w,f aomuvTrf;rkd;/ Ak'¨bmomti,fum; þodkYr[kwf/ ,aeYAk'¨ bmom reufjzef tjcm;bmomjzpfcsifvnf; OD ; csKd O D ; (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y ) jzpfoGm;Edkifyg\/ þAk'¨bmomi,fum; ,aeY yk*Kd¾ vt f rsm;qH;k wGif awGUjrifae&aom rd½;kd zvm Ak'¨bmomrsdK;wnf;/ tu,fí rdro d nf wu,hAf 'k b ¨ mom aumif;wpfa,mufjzpfvdkaomf bmomw&m; \ tESpfom&udk &SmazGzdkYvdk\/ avhvmzdkYvdk\/ usihfBuHtm;xkwfzdkYvdk\/ odkYrSom Ak'¨bmomrS ay;aom tusKd ;w&m;udk cHpm;&if; rdro d nfvnf; bmomtusKd ;? omoemtusKd ;udk vdv k v kd m;vm; aqmif&u G Ef ikd rf nfwnf;/ Ak'b ¨ mom[lí &J&0J 0hH hH

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 25 rS wpfOD;aESmifzGJUaewJholawGuawmh tJ'Da&m*g ab;u rvGwaf jrmufEidk b f J aoaMuysupf ;D ukef ygw,f/ 'DvdkjzpfpOfawGudk aeYpOfjrifawGU& awmh rpE´mwpfa,muf pOf;pm;w,f/ ]]aMomf...tifrwefukd aMumufp&m aumif;wJh a&m*gBuD;ygvm;? 'Dt&yfa'ou rxGufajy;&ifawmh b,fvdkrS vGwfajrmufEkdif rSmr[kwfygbl;/ vlYb0qkdwm tifrwef &cJ w,f? 'Dvrf; 'DrdbawGudk wG,fwmae&ifawmh aozdkYwpfvrf;yJ&Sdw,f/ taoawmhrcHbl;? xGuaf jy;wmyJaumif;w,f}} twåorH ayrH ewd¬/ vlqdkwmrsKd;[m b,fawmhrqdk rdrd udkomvQif tcspfqHk;jzpfygw,f/ rd r d x uf y d k N yD ; cspf & r,f h o l q d k w m b,f a wmh r S r&S d o vd k aemif v nf ; &S d v mrS m r[kwf ygbl;/ wpfcsKdUu rdrdudk,fxuf cspf&r,fhol &Sdw,fvdkYxifavh&SdMuygw,f/ 'g[m wu,fh aoa&;&Sifa&;ab;eJY rawGUcifrSmjzpfavh&SdwJh xifjcif;jzpfygw,f/ wu,f h t a&; wu,h f a b;rsKd ; BuHKvmNyDqdk&if vlom;wdkif;[m rdrdudk,fudk tcspfqHk;yJjzpfygw,f/ tckvnf; rpE´mwpfa,muf vif a,musfm;ESihf rdbawGudk xm;cJhum t[d0gw ab;&ef u d k a Mumuf v d k Y t&yf w pf y g;ud k xGufajy;oGm;ygawmhw,f/ olr&JU vkyf&yfrSefoGm;ygw,f/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh olr tdrfu xGuaf jy;Ny;D rMumcifrmS yJ olr&JU rdbESpyf g;aum olr vifa,musfm;yg aoqkH;ukefygw,f/ olruawmh aoab;u vGwaf jrmuf oGm;vdkY uHaumif;oGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh... olr&JU tjcm;wpfbufb0rSmawmh.. b0wpfcrk mS vlwpfa,muftaejzihf cE¨mwpfckudk &&SdvmNyDqdkygu 'ku©wpfckudk &&S d v mwmeJ Y twl w l y gyJ / bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh.... cE¨m&SdwJh vlom;wdkif;[m cE¨mh0efudk xrf;aqmifMu&ygw,f/ cE¨mh0efudk xrf;aqmifwJh ae&mrSm vnf; w&m;jzihaf ewJo h el YJ w&m;eJY raewJo h al wG tzdkY cE¨mh0efxrf;aqmif&wmudk tjrifcsif;

rwlMuygbl;/ ykxkZOfwpfa,mufu cE¨m0ef xrf; aqmifwmudk aysmf&TifNyD; olawmfaumif;awGu awmh cE¨m0ef xrf;aqmif&wmudk NiD;aiGUMuyg w,f/ Oyrmtaetm;jzihf cE¨ m ud k , f & J U wpf a eY w mvk y f i ef ; tusOf;jzpfwJh qHyifNzD;jcif;? a&csKd;jcif;? tpm; pm;jcif;? usifBuD;usifi,fpGefYjcif;? acs;wGef;jcif; pojzihf rsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ qHyifNz;D w,fvYkd omreftaetm;jzihf qdkvdkufayr,fh ,aeYacwfrSmawmh qHyifwpfck wnf;&JU udpöawGu tvGefudkrsm;vmygNyD/ qHyifudk aumuf&ifaumif;rvm;? ajzmihf&ifaumif;rvm;? wGefY&ifaumif;rvm;? vdrf&ifaumif;rvm;? twdkxm;&if aumif; rvm;? t&Snfxm;&if aumif;rvm;? rwdkr&Snf xm;&if aumif;rvm; ponfjzihf vm;aygif;rsm; pGm&Sdygw,f/ 'g[m qHyifudpöyg/ tjcm;aom udpöawGvnf; trsm; Bu;D &Syd gao;w,f/ ajconf;ç vufonf;ç rsuEf mS aygif;wifwJh udpötm;jzihftrsm;BuD;yg/ ('Dae&mrSmawmh pmzwfolu pma&; olxuf ydkNyD;awmhodrSmyg/) 'Dawmh... ykxkZOf vlom;wpfa,muftaejzihf tJ'v D kd cE¨m0efxrf;aqmif&wmudyk if 'kuw © pfck vdrYk jrifbJ aysm&f iT af useyfpmG jzihf xrf;aqmifavh &SdMuygw,f/ olawmfaumif;awGuawmh tJ't D &m awGukd 'kuv © Ykd jrifMuygw,f/ tjrifjcif; rwlMu awmh tusihfvnf; rwlawmhygbl;/ tusih f j cif ; rwl n D w J h vl a wG t zd k Y vm;a&muf&r,fh t&yfa'o[mvnf; b,fvdk rS rwlnDawmhygbl;/ 'g[m... cE¨mudk,f&JU cE¨m(0ef)tay:rSmyJ rlwnfNyD;awmh tjrifjcif; tusihfjcif; uGJjym; jcm;em;oGm;wmyg/ bmyJjzpfjzpf.... vlom;wdik ;f vlom;wdik ;f cE¨m&Sv d mNyD qdkygu cE¨m0efudk (auseyfonfjzpfap? raus eyfonfjzpfap) xrf;aqmifMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D cE¨m0efawGxJrSm tBuD;rm;qHk; 'ku?© wm0ef,&l wJh ta&;Bu;D qH;k tydik ;f uawmh tpm tm[m&&SmazG pm;aomuf&wJh 'ku©ygyJ/ tjcm; tjcm;aom cE¨m0efawGudk rxrf ; aqmif E k d i f & if ? rxrf ; aqmif c sif & if &ayr,fh rdru d , kd u f kd tiwfcv H aYkd wmh r&ygbl;/

27

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[mvnf; a[m'D avmurS &SdorQaom a&m*g a0'emawGxJrSm qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;[m tBuD;rm;qHk; 'ku© vdkYqdkxm;ygw,f/ b,folrqdk tJ'D'ku©udk rcHpm;EkdifvdkY cHpm;vdkY r&vdkY (cE¨mudk,ftwGuf) aeYpOf tpm tm[m&udk pm;aomufMu&ygw,f/ odkYaomf... tpm tm[m& pm;aomufrIqdkwm vlom;wdkif;twGuf vG,fulaom t&mr[kwf ay/ wpfcsKdUu tpmtm[m&udk ryif ryef ; csrf ; omvG , f u l p G m pm;aomuf & NyD ; wpfcsKdUMuawmh tpm;av;wpfvkwf pm;&zdkY aeYpOf ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;Mu&ygw,f/ tJ ' D w pf c sKd U xJ r S m rpE´ m vnf ; ygw,f/ rpE´mwpfa,muf t[d0gw ab;u ae aMumuf v ef Y N yD ; xG u f a jy;vmvd k u f w m olYt&yfa'oeJY a0;wJht&yfa'oa&mufawmh cE¨mud, k [ f m armyef;Ny;D qmavmifvmygw,f/ tpuawmh toufab;udkaMumuf NyD; xGufajy;cJhvdkY tpm;taomufudk owdr xm;rdcJhbl;/ wu,fwrf; qmavmifvmNyq D akd wmh aer& xdkifr& jzpfvmw,f/ acwfuvnf; uyfqdkufaeawmh tpm tm[m&pm;zdkY 'ku© a&mufaew,f/ wpfcsKdU&ufawGrSm pm;&NyD; wpf c sKd U &uf a wG r S m rpm;&bl ; / 'geJ Y ol u pOf;pm;w,f/ ]]'Dvdkqdk&ifawmh rjzpfao;bl;? r0ç wpfcsuf 0ç wpfcsufeJY toufaoOD;r,f/ olawmif;pm;awGvdk rsufESmi,fav;eJY vdkuf awmif;pm;rSy}J } vd k Y a wG ; um cG u f w pf v H k ; eJ Y wk w f wpfacsmif;udkudkifNyD; wpf&Gm0if wpf&GmxGuf? wpfe,fNy;D wpfe,f vdu k af wmif;pm;Ny;D aevdu k f wm ckepfESpf&SdoGm;w,f/ wpfaeYusawmh rpE´mwpfa,muf NrdKUBuD;wpfckrSm oGm;awmif;awmh olvdk awmif; pm;wJhvlawGu tvGefrsm;aew,f? awmif;pm; &wmudkyif rvG,fulvSbl;/ awmif;pm;&wm vG,fulwJh ae&m opfwpfckudk oGm;zdkY olrçawG;vdkufrdw,f/ tJ'Dae&muawmh bdu©KeDrawG aewJh ausmif; ygyJ/ bdu©KeDrawGaewJhausmif;[m awmif;pm; &wm vG,fulw,fvdkY Mum;awmh tJ'Dae&mudk oGm;zdkYpOf;pm;w,f/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

29

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

omoemtwGuf a&&SnfqufzkdY t&S i f o D v mpm&(zm;uef Y ) Nrd K UOD ; awm&pmoif w k d u f ]]aMomf- 'umarmifjrxGe;f ? a&mufae wmMumNyDvm;? odawmif rodvdkufbl;}} ]]rSeyf g? awmfawmfav;awmh MumoGm; NyDbk&m;? Mumqkd rdepf(30)avmufawmh &Sdr,f xifw,fbk&m;? q&mawmfpmcsaewmeJY tjyif bufuae cPapmihfaewmygbk&m;}} ]]at;at; aumif;NyD? bkef;BuD;qD vm&if;udpöuaum bmvJ? bmrsm;avQmuf p&mudpö&SdvdkYvJ}} ]]wjcm;awmh r[k w f y gbl ; bk & m;? omoemawmf r S m y&d , wå d ? y#d y wå d [ m ESpfyg;teufb,f[mu t"duusovJqkdwm od c sif v d k Y y gbk & m;? wynh f a wmf pOf ; pm;& oavmufawmh twlwlyJvdkY xifwmyJbk&m;}} ausmif;odkYa&mufvmaom armifjr xG e f ; \avQmuf x m;aompum;jzpf o nf / armifjrxGef;um; t&G,ftm;jzihf touf(20) ausmfcefY&Sdrnf/ xkdYaMumifh vli,fyDyD pl;prf; avhvmcsifaompdwf? ar;jref;vdkaom0goem aMumifh ar;vkdufjcif;jzpfrnf/ aumif;awmh aumif;onf/ ]rodvQiaf r; rpifaq;} rdYk ar;jref; rS rodao;wmawG odvmEkid o f nf/ &Si;f &Si;f vif; vif;odNyD;rS vufcH&wmu ykdaumif;onf/ bkrod brodEiS fh wtkaYH EG;aEG; vdycf w J nf;vnf; jzpf a eygrl rnf o nh f t &mrS raumif ; ay/ xkdYaMumifh olodvkdaomtcsufukd pma&;olu ajzMum;ay;vkdufonf/ ]]armifjrxGe;f xifovkyd J omoemrSm y&d,wådeJYy#dywåd[m olYae&meYJolawmh t"du uswmcsnf;yJ? 'gayr,fh omoema&&Snfwnf wHhckdifNrJzkdYusawmh y&d,wådu ykdNyD;t"duus w,f/ y&d , wå d p mayawG u k d oif , l y k d Y c sae orQ omoemruG , f E k d i f b l ; ? wu,f a wmh y&d,wfqkdwm okdufñTef;pmyJ? &wemodkuf uk d ajrzk d Y ? cJ z d N yD ; tJ ' D c J a y:rS m ]]'g[m &wemokdufyJ}} vkdY pma&;xm;w,f qkdygpdkY? tJ ' D p mraysmuf a o;orQ tcsd e f t cgra&G ; &wemok d u f u k d wl ; azmf , l E k d i f w myJ r [k w f vm;? tJ ' D v k d y gyJ y&d , wå d p mayawG & S d a e orQ usih f e nf ; awG y#d y wf a wG [ m tNrJ wnf & S d a erS m yJ } }

]]aMomf- tJ'Dvkdvm;bk&m;? 'Dvdkqkd y#dywfu t"duusw,fqkdwmua&m-}} ]]'guawmh b0oH o &mu vG w f ajrmufa&;rSmawmh y#dywfu t"duusw,f qkd&rSmayhg? y&d,wfpmayawG b,favmuf wwfayr,fh w&m;tm;xkwfrI (y#dywf) r&Sd&if ed A Á m ef r a&muf b l ; ? ed A Á m ef r a&muf & if v nf ; b,fvrdk S b0oHo&mu rvGwaf jrmufEidk yf gbl;? b,fES,fhvJ oabmayguf&JUvm; 'umarmifjr xGe;f }} armifjrxGe;f onf acgif;wqwfqwf nd w f N yD ; oabmusaeaomtrl t &mjzih f pOf ; pm;awG ; awmae[ef & S d a yonf / bmyJ ajymajym acgif;wqwfqwfndrfhwm Munhfjcif; tm;jzihf pma&;olajzvkdufonfukd axmufcHae onfrSm aocsmayonf/ pOf;pm;awG;ac:ae aom trlt&mu wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif; t&mukd odvkd ar;vdkaomtaetxm;yif? ol\t&dyf tuJudk oabmaygufem;vnfonhf twGuf pma&;oluyJpNyD;]]uJ - 'umarmif j rxG e f ; ar;jref ; avQmufxm;p&m&Sd&ifvnf; ar;jref;avQmuf xm;Ekdifygw,f? bkef;BuD;cGifhjyKygw,f? [kdpum; av;vdkayhg? bmwJh rsKd;qufopfwdkY wkd;wuf&pf apzdkYqkdvm;? tJ'DpmpOfav;[m q&matmif oif ; &J U pum;yJ ? t"d y Ü g ,f v nf ; jynh f 0 w,f ? obm0vnf; usw,f}} [k ajymvkdufonf/ þuJhodkY ar;jref;pl;prf;qifjcifaom vli,frsm;

&S d r S aemif t em*wf w G i f omoema&;ES i h f ywfoufí todÓPfjynh0f aom rsK;d qufopf rsm; ay:xG e f ; vmayrnf ? tk w f t a&ma&m ausmufta&ma&m rd½dk;zvm? obm0rus aom ,Ofaus;rI"avhp½kdufESihf aoGznfae aom trltusihfrsm; wpfpwpfp yaysmuf oGm;ayvdrrfh nf/ trSm;Mumawmh trSejf zpfw?hJ wu,f owdjyK&rnhf pum;ykHaywnf;/ b,ftvkyfrsKd; rqkd (txl;ojzihf bmoma&;ESihfywfoufvdkY ajym&if) pl;prf;a0zefcjJG cm;ÓPfr&Sad omaMumihf tkwt f a&ma&m ausmufta&ma&mawG trsm; H dk ol&ówDr,fawmf BuD;&Sdonf/ yd#uwfo;Hk yku uyJ apmihfa&Smufxm;av[ef xifrSwfaeMu onf/ yd#uwfo;Hk yku H u dk idk Nf y;D [oFm½kypf ;D jyae aom yef ; csD u m;awG a Mumif h v nf ; yd k N yD ; xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfaeMuonf/ xk d Y a emuf pma&;oluyJ qufajymvkdufonf/ ]]'um armifjrxGe;f a&? wpfenf;tm; jzihfajym&&if y&d,wfqkdwm EGm;reJYwlw,f? y#dywfqkdwm EGm;xD;eJYwlygowJh? EGm;r&SdrSom tpOftqufukd apmihfa&Smufxdef;odrf;Ekdifr,f? (ya0Pdygvu) EGm;rwpfaumifr&SdvdkufwmeJY EGm;rsKd;awG wkH;oGm;Ekdifw,f/ (ya0Pd-tpOf tqufu?dk ygvu- apmifah &SmufaomEGm;) tJ'D Oyrmtwdkif;yJ/ EGm;reJYwlwJh y&d,wfr&Sd&if EGm;xD;eJw Y w l hJ y#dywfvnf; &SEd idk rf mS r[kwyf gbl;/ EGm;rwpfaumif&Sd&if EGm;rsKd;raysmufbJ quf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ vufwnf&SdEkdifw,f/ 'gaMumihf y&d,wfu t"duusw,fvdkY wpfxpfcsrSwf,lvkdufay awmh}} pma&;ol u ajymvk d u f a omtcg armifjrxGe;f onf olov d adk omtaMumif;t&m ukd od&NyjD zpfvYkd 0rf;omaomtrlt&m (rsuEf mS xm;) jzihf ½kdaopGm&Sdcdk;vsuf jyefoGm;avonf/ aemufESpf&ufavmuf Mumaomtcg armifjrxGef; ausmif;a&mufvmjyefonf/ tm; vnf; &SdoGm;[efwlonf/ wpfcsKdUyk*¾KdvfawGu tar;cH&rSmaMumufMuonf/ pkd;&drfMuonf/ pmayy&d,wfukd aocsmpGm avhvmvkdufpm;rI tm;enf ; aomaMumih f j zpf a yonf / ]]tar; EGm;ausmif;om;? tajz bk&m;avmif;}} [laom pum;vnf;&Sdao;onf/ ar;&wmawmh odyf rcufvb S ;l / EGm;ausmif;om;tqihaf vmuf&w dS hJ oluawmif ar;jref;Ekdifonf/ wpfzufom; ar;cGef;ukd ajzEkdifzkdYusawmh bk&m;avmif; avmufukd ÓPf&Sdxm;rS jzpfEkdifayonf/ bmyJ j zpf j zpf tnmwAÁ H - rod o d atmifjyK&rnf/ y&dypk w dä AÁ-H rodvQiaf r;&rnf/ y&dyO§w d AÁ-H ar;Ny;D vQif tzefzefaqG;aEG;&rnf/ t,Hww¦omrdp-d þonfum; bk&m;omoem wkd;wufaMumif;wnf;/ avmukwå&mw&m; uk;d yg;tm; avsmaf omtusiafh ywnf;[k 0denf; ygVd bdu©K rmwdumü jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmf rlxm;ayonf/ ]]od z G , f [ l o rQ? rar;u? zsif ; tynmqk d ?

Mum;jrif r sm;atmif ? ar;avaqmif ? ck a emif w wf o d v k d } } (r[m*E¨ m ½k H q &mawmf ) rar;rjref;? ÓPfjrifuef;? pkHprf;ÓPfBuD; onf / (r[mpnf q &mawmf ) jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; okbvkviftar; cef;ü uHtusKd;w&m;rsm;ukd cGJjcm;a0zef&m (ur®0db*F) taMumif;ukd bk&m;&Sifa[mawmf rlcJhonf/ xkdtcef;wGif jzpfav&mb0ü ÓPf ynmBuD;jcif;? rBuD;jcif;ESihfywfoufí okb vkviftar;? bk&m;&Sit f ajzukd rSwo f m;&vG,f ul a tmif txuf y gq&mawmf B uD ; ES p f y g;u aqmifyk'fvuFm jyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ rS e f a yonf / avmuD a &;üjzpf a p? avmukwå&ma&;üjzpfap? tMum;tjrifrsm; atmif r*Fvmpum;ESihfajym&vQif Am[kópö r*Fvmjzpfatmif avhvmvkdufpm;&rnf/ pkHprf; ar;jref;&rnf/ a0zefaqG;aEG;&rnf/ umave "r®omupäm= tcgtm;avsmfpGm w&m;aqG;aEG; &rnf/ umave"r®ó0eH= tcgtm;avsmfpGm

w&m;em&rnf [laom bk&m;&SiftqkH;trrsm; uvnf; ÓPfynmwdk;yGm;a&;twGuf a[m Mum;xm;csufrsm; jzpfayonf/ ]]ar;jref;p&muawmh wjcm;r[kwf ygbl;bk&m;? tJ'D omoemokH;&yfeJYywfoufNyD; enf;enf;av; tus,fw0ihf rdefYMum;apcsif ygw,fbk&m;? wjcm;yk*¾KdvfawGvnf; rSwfom; &wmayhgbk&m;}} ]]aumif;wmayhg? 'umarmifjrxGe;f &m? ar;ygrsm; pum;&? a&;ygrsm; tom;usqo dk vkd yJ? tckvkd ar;rSvnf; bkef;BuD;wdkYu ajzqkdvkdY jzpfwm? rac:bJoGm;vnfol? rar;jref;bJ ajymqko d ?l rdr*d P k u f dk azmfusL;ol? tJ'o D ;Hk OD;[m vl,kwfvlnHhwdkY&JU vu©PmvdkY avmueDwd uvnf; qkdxm;awmh rar;bJajymqkdae&if vlru dk jf zpfomG ;vdrrfh ,f/ 'gaMumifh pum;ajymqkd wJhae&mrSmvnf; wpfzufom;u ar;vmrS ajym&wmaumif ; w,f / a&S ; u usrf ; jyKwJ h q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u rnfolu awmif;yefvdkY 'Dpmukd a&;om;&ygw,fvdkYawmif xnhfoGif; azmfjyxm;Muao;w,f? 'guvnf; rdrd*kPfukd azmfxkwf&m usrSmpkd;vdkYaerSmayhgaemf/ uJ- uJ 'gu xm;ygawmh? 'um armifjrxGe;f odcsiw f hJ omoemok;H &yfeyYJ wfouf vdkY enf;enf;csJUajym&r,fqkd&if omoemu okH;&yf&Sdw,f/ y&d,wåd omoem y#dywåd omoem y#da0' omoem y&d,wåd omoemqkdwm bk&m;a[m Mum;xm;wJh yd#uwfokH;oG,f edum,fig;&yfukd oif,ljcif;? ydkYcsjcif;? a[majymjcif;? a&;om; jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? wkdifyifjcif;wdkYukd ajymwm/ y#d y wå d o moemqk d w mu tJ ' D y &d ywådu vmonhftwkdif; usihfBuHjcif;? yGm;rsm; jcif;? tm;xkwfjcif;wdkYukdajymwm/ y#d a 0'omoemqk d w mu tJ ' D v k d usihfBuHtm;xkwfwJhtwGuf orm"d&vmNyD; aemuf xkd;xGif;odvmwJh psmefw&m;? r*fw&m;? zkdvfw&m;? edAÁmefw&m;awGukdajymwm}} ]]rSefygbk&m;? t&Sifbk&m;u tckvkd rdeMYf um;vku d af wmh omoemok;H &yfeyYJ wfoufvYkd yd k N yD ; awmh &S i f ; &S i f ; vif ; vif ; od & wJ h t wG u f aus;Zl;rsm;vSygw,fb&k m;? qufvufNy;D trdeYf &SdawmfrlygOD;}} ]]omoemok H ; &yf u k d OyrmtaeeJ Y ajym&&ify&d,wådomoemu uefabmifeJYwl w,f?

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y#dywådomoemu a&eJYwlw,f? y#da0'omoemu Mumig;rsKd;eJYwl w,f? uefabmifr&Sd&if a&rwnfEkdifbl;/ a&r&Sd&ifvnf; Mumig;rsKd;ryGihfEkdifbl;/ tJ'D twd k i f ; yJ y&d , wå d o moemr&S d & if y#d y wå d omoemr&SdEkdifbl;/ y#dywådomoemr&Sd&if y#da0'omoemvnf; b,fvrdk S r&SEd idk af wmhb;l / tcsif;csif;wpfckeJYwpfck aus;Zl;jyKaeMuwmyJ? t"d u tajccH t usqk H ; uawmh y&d , wå d omoemawmfyaJ yhg/ tJ'gukd rSwv f v Ykd , G af tmif aqmif y k ' f v uF m av;vk y f x m;w,f / tJ ' D aqmifyk'fvuFmav;u 'DvkdwJhy&d , wf r S m ? uef a bmif o m? a&[m y#d y wf ?

MumrsKd ; ig;axG y#d a 0? wl a ypOf wd k i f ; [yf ? pma&;olu omoemok;H &yfudk Oyrm eJYajymjyvkdufawmh 'umarmifjrxGef;rSm awmf awmfav; oabmusomG ;[efwo l nf/ tb,fh aMumih f q k d a omf Munf v if a omrsuf E S m jzih f acgif ; wqwf q wf n d r f h a eaomaMumif h y if ? pma&;oltaeeJu Y vnf; odvo dk u l dk ajymjyvku d f &vkdY 0rf;omtm;&jzpfrdyg\/ ]]'grsKd;uvnf; omoemjyKjcif;yJ}} vdkYvnf; *kPf,ltm;wufrd ygonf/ ]]'Dvkdar;jcif; ajzjcif;rsKd;awG rsm;rsm; &Sdoihfw,f}} vdkYvnf; awG;rdvkdufao;onf/ ]]wynhfawmfukd jyefcGihfjyKygOD;bk&m;? q&mawmf rtm;wJhMum;u wynhfawmfodcsif wmukd pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD; ajzay;wJhtwGuf aus;Zl ; vnf ; wif Munf n Kd a v;pm;rI v nf ; twdkif;rod jzpf&ygw,fbk&m;}} ]]aumif;NyD? aumif;NyD 'umarmifjr xGef;a&? aemifvnf; tvsif;oihfovdk tcsdef ra&G; ae&mra&G; bmoma&;eJYywfoufvdkY ar;jref;avQmufxm;Ekdifygw,f? 'Dvdkar;+ajz Mujcif;[m omoemjyKjcif;jzpfovdk wpfzuf uvnf; omoemawmftwGuf Bu;D yGm;wd;k wuf aMumif;vnf;jzpfw,f}} ]]rSefygbk&m;? wynhfawmf aumif; aumif ;rS wf xm;yh g r,f ? q&mawmf uk d vnf; OD;wifygw,fb&k m;}} ]]om"?k om"k? om"k 'umarmifjrxGe;f oG m ;awmh a emf ? ab;&ef u if ; uG m usef ; rm csrf;omygap}} ]]q&mawmfay;wJhqkeJY jynhfpkHyg&ap bk&m;}} t&S i f o D v mpm&(zm;uef Y ) ñT e f ; - 0d e nf ; r[m0g

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

vGJrSm;rdpäm owdjyKp&m rsKd ; jrih f (atmif v H )

"r®rw d af qG wlav;? wlrav;wdaYk &/ oHo&m0#ftwGif;rSm axmufwnf &mr&ao;rD vl? ewf? jA[®m owå0g[lorQ t,kwf? tjrwf? qif;&Jcsrf;om tusKd;ay; uGmjcm;ayr,fh oHo&mvnfaeMu&tkH;rSmyJ jzpfw,fuGJU/ 'Dawmh avmub0oHo&mxJu ½k e f ; rxG u f E k d i f c if r S m tajccH e nf ; yg;wJ h rd½kd;zvm Ak'¨bmom0ifawGtzkdY 'DaeYcsdefcgrSm t"r®0g'DawG&JU yl;0ifxkd;ESufaESmifh,SufrI tEÅ&m,fukd owdxm;Mu&ygr,f/ bmjzpfvv Ydk q J adk wmh ]]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' Ak'¨bmom}} qkdwJh tjym0wfpkH0wfwJh ]]tjym a&mif*kdPf;}} wpfck ay:aygufaevdkYygyJ/ tJ'D *kdPf;[m vGefcJhwJh (27) ESpfu ay:cJhNyD; *kdPf; acgif ; aqmif OD ; ÓP[m &[EÅ m rjzpf b J olu Y , dk o f l &[EÅmvdYk aMujimwJt h wGuf 0depd , ä ckH½kH;u vl0wfvJckdif;cJhw,f/ tJ'DrSm tjym a&mif abmif;bD? tus0Ð wfqifNy;D tjyma&mif *kdPf;ukd xlaxmifum ax&0g'ukd tykyfcs apmfum;wJh pmtkyfawG w&m;r0if a&;om; jzefYa0ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh axmifuscJhw,f/ axmifuvGwfawmh a&;wm a[mwm wGif ruawmhbJ tifwmeufrmS wifw,fwu hJ , G /f wl? wlrav;wdkYa&../ tjyma&mif*kdPf;&JU wwd,acgif;

aqmifBuD; t&Sif0dpdwåu ]'ge} eJYywfoufNyD; b,fvkda[movJqkd&if]]uk, d &hf w dS m olrsm;ay;r,fAsm? bmvdYk ay;rS m vJ q k d & if aemif c srf ; omvd k c sif w ,f ? csrf;omvdkcsifvdkYay;w,f? 'g[m ukodkvfykn awmh jzpfw,f/ uk, d &fh w dS yhJ pön;f olrsm;ay;vku d f awmh tay;cH&ol? &oGm;oluawmh aumif; w,f? ay;oltwGuaf wmh raumif;bl;? ukeo f mG ; w,fav? tay;cH&ol&vdkY aumif;wJhtwGuf yknvdkY aumif;rIvdkYajymwmyg/ wu,fwrf;us awmh tJ ' D v d k a y;vk d u f w m[m oH o &muk d vnfapwmjzpfvdkY ygy raumif;bl;}} wJhAsm/ "r®rdwfaqG wl? wlrav;wdkYa&../ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifvufxufuwnf; u- tckvkd rdpämt,l0g'*kdPf;awG &SdcJhygw,f uG,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m; a0omvDjynfrSm y#u 'umBu;D aqmufvyk w f ahJ usmif;wGif oDwif;ok;H awmfrlpOf okeu©wå&[ef;[m aum&cwåd,&JU w&m;ukd ESpfoufoGm;NyD; bk&m;&SifxH oydwf? ouFef;tyfESif;í aum&cwåd,xHrSm wynhfcH ygowJh/ aum&cwåd, aovGefoGm;wJhtcg okeu©w¦&[ef;[m vlxGufNyD;]]&[ef ; a*gwrrS m t&d , mtjzpf jyKEkdifpGrf;aom Owå&drEkó"r® r&Sd? BuHqpkHprf; í rdrdÓPfüxifvmaomw&m;ukdom a[m

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

39

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o'¨gazG;jzLay;vSLukeo f w l t Ykd euf {w'*f& 0domcg The most offerings in bestowed on a disciple by the Buddha to the Visa-kha"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f )

0dod|m- xl;aom? omcg- opfyif\ udkif;rBuD;wnf;/ £wdxdaYk Mumif?h 0domcg- 0domcg[kwiG af v\/ yifv;kH uRwyf iG afh om tifMuif; yifBu;D \ xl;jcm;vSywihw f ,faom udik ;f rBu;D ? odrYk [kwf tvGew f ihw f ,f aom awmpdk;opfyifBuD;\ xl;jcm;wihfw,faom rlvudkif;rBuD;onf 0domcgrnf\/ 0domcg 0d,mwd 0domcg- xdo k pfyifBu;D \ xl;jcm;aom udik ;f r BuD;ozG,f "eÍö, olaX;BuD;\ om;orD;wdkYwGif tvGefxif&Sm;wihfw,f aom orD;&wemjzpfaomaMumifh 0domcg[k trnfrSnhfac:avonf/ 0d o mcg\aqG p Of r sd K ;quf 0domcg\ rdb? aqGrsKd ;tpOftqufwrYkd mS ? Adro d® m&rif;\Edik if H awmf t*Fwkdif; b'´d,NrdKUrS ar@uolaX;rif;? olaX;uawmf pE´y'krm wdu Yk m; 0domcg\ tbd;k tbGm;wdw Yk nf;/ "eÍÆ,olaX;rif;? olaX;uawmf okrea'0DwdkYum; 0domcg\ trdtzwdkYwnf;/ 0domcg\ om;orD;ajr;jrpfta&twGufpm&if;rSm? 0domcg\

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(2) ajr;om; (200)? ajr;r (200) aygif; (400)/ ¤if;wdkYonf vnf; om; (10) pD? orD; (10) pD &aomaMumihf?

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