DV22-05 by Thomas Winn

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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jzpfay:NyD;awmhvmw,f/ 'DuaeYacwfrSmqdkvdkY&Sd&if 'gawG[m txGwf txdyfa&mufaew,fvdkYqdk&r,f/ wcsdKUEdkifiHawGrSmqdk&if usm; usm;csif;? r rcsi;f vufxyfciG afh wG jyKxm;NyyD gNyv D aYkd c:wJh yk*Kd¾ vaf wG&UJ tzGUJ tpnf; w&m;0iftjzpf wnfaxmifvmMuw,f/ homosexuality udk w&m;0if jzpfatmif? wu,hfyifudk,fobm0w&m;BuD;tjzpf vufcHvmatmif BudK;pm;vmMuw,f/ aMomf? 'Dudpö[m vGefcJhwJh vlawG&JUoufwrf; tESpfig;&mwkef; u pNyD;ay:vmwmyg/ tckrSay:wmr[kwfygbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u t*Fkwå&edum,f ]]yavmuokwf}} rSm a[mxm;ygw,f/ yavmu qdkwm ysufpD;jcif;vdkY t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ ykPÖm;BuD;wpfa,mufu jrwfpGm bk&m;udk avQmufz;l w,f/ t&Sib f &k m;? wynhaf wmfMum;zl;wm a&S;,cif wke;f u a[m'DvjYl ynfavmuBu;D [m odyNf y;D awmh om,mat;csr;f w,f/ NrKd UawG&mG awG[mvnf;yJ MuufysrH us pnfum;w,fvYdk wynhaf wmfMum;zl; w,f/ tckusawmh vlaetdraf wG tifrwefusNJ y;D NrKd Uysuu f ek ;f awG? &Gmysuf ukef;awG ay:vmw,f/ 'DvdkvlawGysufpD;&wm[m bmaMumifhygvJ/ tJ'Dvdkar;awmh tJ'DokwåefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'Dw&m;oHk;yg; udk a[mxm;ygw,f/ at;? vlYavmurSm ]]t"r®&m*}} vdkYac:wJh rjzpf oihf? rjzpfxdkufwJh wPSmpdwfawG? ]]0doravmb}} qdkwJh tvGeftuRH jzpfwJh wPSmpdwfawG? ]]rdpäm"r®}} vdkYac:wJh usm; usm;csif;? r rcsif; vdifqufqHcsifwJhpdwfawG? 'DpdwfrsdK;awGaMumifhrdkvdkY vlYavmuBuD;rSm ud, k u f siw fh &m;awG ysuv f mw,f/ ysuv f monht f wGuaf Mumifh &moDOwk awGysufw,f/ &moDOwkawGysufonhftwGufaMumifh uyfqdkufNyD;awmh vlawGU&JUoufwrf;[m wdkvm&w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY vlYavmurSm 'kAÇdu© EÅ& uyfawGjzpfvmvdkY tpma&pmacgif;yg;w,f? iwfrGwfw,f/ 'kAÇdu© EÅ& uyfudktaMumif;jyNyD;awmh a&m*gawGjzpfvm&w,f/ a&m*gawGjzpf vdYk vlawGaoqH;k rIrsm;vmw,f/ rjrif&wJh tEÅ&m,fawGyg0ifvmw,fvYkd jrwfpGmbk&m;u tJ'DokwåefrSmvnf; a[mxm;wm&Sdygw,f/ tJawmh 'DuaeYacwftcgrS 'D homosexuality qdkwm ay:vmwmr[kwf/ a&S;wkef;uvwnf;u ay:vmwm/ bke;f Bu;D wdEYk ikd if jH cm;rSmaewke;f u Edik if w H pfEikd if rH mS owif;pmxJ zwfvu dk &f w,f/ tJ'ED ikd if rH mS a,musmf ;uav; jynhw f efqm oH;k axmifxd atmif &Sdw,fvdkY/ olwdkYEdkifiHrSm a,musfm;av;awG [dkw,fudkawmif roGm;&bl;qdkNyD;awmh wm;jrpfxm;&wmawGawmifrS Mum;cJh&w,f/ tJawmh 'DudpöawGrsm;rsm;jzpfvmav vlYavmuBuD;rSm a&m*gb,awG

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) Oyu ZD 0 u0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf aAm"dr@Kdifü ]]oAÁnKw}} bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&mufawmfrlí ]]owå owåm[}} (av;q,hu f ;dk &uf) tvGew f iG f ]]yÍö0*¾}D } (ig;a,muftzGUJ &Sad om) &[ef;wkt Yd m; "r®pMumw&m;ukd a[mawmfrljcif;iSm rd*'g0kef awmok d Y <uawmf r l & m vrf ; c&D ; ü Oyu wuúwGef;onf- igh&Sif oifum; tb,folukd &nf í &[ef ; jyKoenf ; ç oif h q &mum; b,f o l e nf ; ç tb,f w&m;ud k ES p f o uf oenf ; [k ar;&mwG i f ]]oAÁ n K}} (bk & m;) tjzpf u k d 0ef c H a wmf r l j cif ; iS m ]]oAÁ m bd b l oAÁ0'd [ l rod}® } paom *gxmukd a[mawmfr\ l / oAÁmbdbl oAÁ0d'l[rod®? oaAÁok "ar®ok tEkyvdawåm/

pum;ajy/ / igonf tvk H ; pk H a om (awblru) w&m;wdu Yk dk atmifjrifErdS ef if;Ny;D Ny/D tvkH;pkHaom (pwkblru) w&m;wdkYukd od\/ tvkH;pkHaom wPSmtnpftaMu;rS cGmNyD;NyD/ (rvdrf;usHawmhNyD) tvkH;pkHaom (awblru) w&m;wdkYukd pGefYNyD/ igonf wPSm\uif;&m t&wåzkdvfü wnfonfjzpfí tvkH;pkHaom udavomrSvw G Nf y/D (udavomtm;vk;H vGw&f m uk d tm½k H j yKNyD / pd w f 0 if p m;NyD ) rd r d t vd k u k d d af wmfwikd f xl;aomÓPfjzihf w&m;tm;vk;H All have I overcome, all do I uk, know; from all am I detached, all have I ukd odNyDjzpfí b,folYukd igq&m [k ñTef;jy& renounced; wholly absorbed am I in the tHe h nf;/ oAÁÍöa[m wPSu©a, 0drkawåm? o,H tbdnm, urk'´dao,sH/ jref r muAsm "r®cyif; ESdrfeif; odNyD? bkHokH;yg;xJ vl;vJuif;onf? vkH;pkHw&m; igum; pGefYNyD? wPSmcef; npfEGrf; vGwfawmhonf/ w&m;ÓPfykdif ukd,fwdkifodNyD? ihgq&m b,frSm ñTef;EkdifNyD/

''Destruction of craving". Having comprehended all by myself whom shall I call my teacher?

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vdkY ac:wJh tifrwefrSqdk;0g;wJhacwfBuD;xJrSm a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;yGihf wm/ uvd , k * f q k w f u yf u mvrS m a*gwrjrwf p G m bk & m;yG i f h v d k Y t|uxmusrf;BuD;awGudk zGihfqdkwJh #Dumq&mBuD;awGu b,fvdkwifpm; NyD;awmh ajymwkef;qdkvdkY&Sd&if ]]a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; yGihfvmwm[m rD;yHkxJuyGihfvmwJh Mumyef;}} ygwJh/ tJ'Dawmh rD;ESihfMumqdkwmu twl aevdkYaumif;wJh[mrS r[kwfbJ/ bk&m;yGihfu rD;yHkxJuyGihf&wm/ a&xJu yGihfwmr[kwfbl;/ 'Dvdkwifpm;NyD;awmh a&xm;cJhw,f/]]rD;yHkxJuyGihfvm wJh Mumyef;BuD;}} wJh/ a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;udk bmjzpfvdkY rD;yHkxJuyGihfvmwJh Mumyef; Bu;D vdYk ajym&wke;f qdv k &Ykd &dS if wu,haf cwfq;kd xJ yGiv fh mvkyYd g/ b,favmuf xdatmif qdk;wkef;qdkawmh? Oyrm- av;acsmif;axmufpm;yGJBuD;rSm ajcaxmufav;acsmif;vHk; pHkaewJhtcsdef csxm;vkduf&if NidrfaewmyJ/ a&TacwfrmS vlawG[m tm;vH;k av;yHyk kH av;yHv k ;kH vlaumif;Bu;D yJ/ tukef vHk; om,mNidrf;csrf;w,f/ at;? tJ'DuaeNyD; ajcaxmufav;acsmif;rS wpfacsmif;usdK; oGm;vdkY pm;yGJBuD;[m enf;enf;vIyfvmovdk vlav;yHkrSm wpfyHkavmuf awmh tusiyhf suv f mNyq D v kd &Ykd &dS if rNird af wmhb;l / aemufwpfck av;acsmif; axmufpm;yGJrS aemufwpfacsmif;xyfNyD;awmh usdK;oGm;NyD; ajcaxmuf ESpfacsmif;xJESihfqdkvdkY&Sd&if pm;yGJBuD;[m apmif;oGm;NyD/ tJ'DxJrSm aemufwpfacsmif;xyfNyD; usdK;vkdufwJhtcgusawmh pm;yGBJ u;D [m wpfacsmif;xJaxmufae&wJh tajctaersKd ;vdk vlawG av;yHk oHk;yHku tusihfysufaewJhtcsdefrsdK;rSm a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;yGihfawmfrlvm &wmjzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk uvd,k*fqkwfuyfumvqdkwm vlYavmurSm av;yHk pmrsuf E S m 14 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

av;rnf& rdbrsm; rk H & G m aeZm

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

yk*d¾Kvfxl;qkdwm &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k )

yk*¾dKvfvdkYac:a0:oHk;EIef;MuwJhpum; u yk*¾vç qdkwJh ygVdua&GUavsmhvmwmjzpfyg w,f/ 'Dyk*¾dKvfqdkwJh a0g[m&pum; acwfpm; vmwmvnf; Ak'¨w&m;a[mMum;&mrSm ]yk*¾dKvf} vdYk xnho f iG ;f a[mMum;awmfrw l mudt k aMumif;jyK NyD; acwfpm;vmwm? xif&mS ;vmwmjzpfygw,f/ Ak'a¨ [mMum;&mrSm ]yk*Kd¾ v}f qdw k hJ a0g[m&pum; ok H ; EI e f ; a[mMum;wm[m taMumif ; w&m; &Spfyg;aMumihf ]yk*¾dKvf} udk okH;EIef;a[mMum;wm jzpfw,fvdkY £wd0kwåt|uxmu zGifhqdkjyyg w,f/ tJ'DtaMumif;w&m;&Spfyg;uawmh.../ (1) [da&mwåyÜ'Dyew¬H [D&Md owåy-Ü &Sufjcif;? aMumufjcif; w&m;ESpfyg;udk xif&Sm; jyvdkwmaMumihf ]yk*Kd¾ v}f a0g[m&udk Ak'x ¨ nho f iG ;f a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm-cE¨monf 'kp½du k rf aumif;rI ud&k u S \ f ? aMumuf\qdyk gvQif &Suw f wf? aMumuf wwfaomyk*¾dKvfum; rxif&Sm;acs/ yk*¾dKvf rxif&mS ;yguvnf; &Sujf cif;? aMumufjcif; w&m; ESpyf g;onf rxif&mS ;Edkifay/ a,musfm;yk*¾dKvf onf? rdef;ryk*¾dKvfonf raumif;rIjyK&rSmudk &S u f \ ? aMumuf \ [k yk * ¾ d K vf u d k xnhfoGif; ajymqdrk o S m &Suaf Mumufwwfaom yk*Kd¾ vv f nf; xif & S m ;NyD ; [D & d M owå y Ü w &m;ES p f y g;vnf ; xif&Sm;ayonf/ þuJhodkY [D&dMowåyÜ w&m; ESpfyg;udk xif&Sm;jyqdkvdkaomaMumihf ]yk*¾dKvf} [laom a0g[m&pum;udk oHk;EIef;a[m Mum; xm;awmfrlayonf/ (2) ur® o ówm'D y ew¬ H ur®oóuwmÓPfudk xif&Sm;pGm jyvdkaomaMumifhvnf; ]yk*¾dKvf} a0g[m&udk Ak'¨ xnh f o G i f ; a[mMum;awmf r l j cif ; jzpf y gw,f / Oyrm= ]]cE¨mwdkYonf? uHomvQifOpöm&Sdukef\}} [k qdkygvQif? uHomvQif Opöm&Sdaomyk*¾dKvfum; rxif&mS ;acs/ xdu k o hJ Ykd yk*Kd¾ vrf xif&mS ;ygu ur® oóuwmÓPfonfvnf; rxif&Sm;Edkifacs/ ]]tvHk;pHkaomyk*¾dKvfowå0gwdkYonf? uHomvQif Opöm&Su d ek \ f }} [k yk*Kd¾ vo f wå0gxnho f iG ;f ajymqdk

rSomvQif? uHomvQif Opöm&Sdaomyk*¾dKvfrSm xif & S m ;\/ ur® o óuwmÓPf r S m vnf ; xif&Sm;&ayonf/ xdkYaMumihf yk*¾dKvf[laom a0g[m&pum;ud k oH k ; EI e f ; a[mMum;awmf r l ayonf/ (3) ypö w å y k & d o um&'D y ew¬ H yk*¾dKvfowå0gtoD;oD;wdkY jyKvkyfMu ukefaom aumif;rI? raumif;rIwdkYudk jyqdkvdk aomaMumih f v nf ; yk * ¾ d K vf a 0g[m&ud k Ak ' ¨ xnhfoGif; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm- om0w¬djynf&Sd Ak'¨oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m aZw0efausmif;awmfBu;D ud-k ]cE¨m} aqmufvyk f \[kqdkygvQif? ausmif;awmfBuD;\ 'g,umrSm rxif&Sm;ay/ ausmif;'g,um rxif&Sm;ygu xdyk *k Kd¾ v\ f ausmif;tvSL'geonfvnf; ray:vGif rxif&mS ;ay/ temxydPo f al X;Bu;D aqmufvyk f vSL'gef;\[kqdkrS? ausmif;'g,umESihf ausmif; tvSL'geBu;D ay:vGix f if&mS ;avonf/ xdaYk Mumihf ]yk*¾dKvf} [laom a0g[m&pumudk okH;EIef;a[m Mum;awmfrlayonf/ (4) tmeEÅ & d , 'D y ew¬ H tmeEÅ&, d uHç udk xif&mS ;atmif jyqdk vd k a om taMumif ; aMumih f v nf ; ]yk * ¾ d K vf } a0g[m&udk Ak'¨ xnhfoGif;a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm= cE¨monf trdudkowf\? tzudk owf\? &[EÅmudk owf\? bk&m;udk aoG;pdr;f wnfatmifvyk \ f ? oHCmudk oif;cG\ J } [k qd½k jkH zihf trdowfaomyk*Kd¾ v?f tzowfaom yk*¾dKvf? &[EÅmudkowfaomyk*¾dKvf? bk&m;udk aoG;pdrf;wnfatmifvkyfaomyk*¾dKvf? oHCmudk oif ; cG J a omyk * ¾ d K vf u d k taotcsmrod E d k i f / xdyk *k Kd¾ vu f sL;vGeaf om uHBu;D ig;yg;udv k nf; rod Edkifacs/ om;onf? orD;onf trd? tzudk owf\/ a'0'wfonf oHCmudk oif;cGJ\/ bk & m;\ajcrawmf u d k aoG ; pd r f ; wnf a tmif jyKvyk \ f [kqrkd -S uHBu;D ig;yg;udk jypfrmS ;usL;vGef olEiS hf uHBu;D ig;yg;udk xif&mS ;jyqdv k akd omaMumihf ]]yk*¾dKvf}} [laom a0g[m&pum;udk okH;EIef; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpfayonf/ (5) jA[® 0 d [ m&'D y ew¬ H jA[®0d[m&w&m;av;yg;udk xif&Sm;

atmif j yqd k v d k a omtaMumif ; aMumih f v nf ; ]yk*Kd¾ v}f a0g[m&udk Ak'x ¨ nho f iG ;f a[mMum;awmf rljcif;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm- cE¨mig;yg;wdkYonf arwåmydkYukef\/ u½kPm? Oayu©m w&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;ukefMu\[k qdkygvQif arwåm ponf ydkYoaomyk*¾dKvfwdkYrSm rxif&Sm;ay/ a,musfm; onf? rde;f ronf? &[ef;onf arwåmyd\ Yk / yk*Kd¾ vf udk xnho f iG ;f ajymqdrk o S m arwåm ponfh ydaYk om yk*Kd¾ vw f o Ykd nfvnf;aumif;? arwåmpaom jA[® 0d [ m&w&m;av;yg;wd k Y o nf v nf ; aumif ; xif&Sm;Edkifay\/ xdkuJhodkY xif&Sm;ap&ef yk*¾dKvf [laom a0g[m&pum;udk oHk;EIef;a[mMum; awmfrljcif;jzpfayonf/ (6) yk a AÁ e d 0 go'D y ew¬ H a&S ; b0jzpf y H k u d k jyqd k v d k a om taMumif;aMumihv f nf; ]yk*Kd¾ v}f a0g[m&udk Ak'¨ xnh f o G i f ; a[mMum;awmf r l j cif ; jzpf y gw,f / Oyrm- cE¨monf a&S;a&S;b0 (a&S;üjzpfcJhzl; aom cE¨mtpOf) udk atmufarhqifjcif\[k qdkvQif atmufarhqifjcifaomolrSm rxif&Sm; awmh a y/ xd k u J h o d k Y yk * ¾ d K vf r xif & S m ;ygu atmufarhp&mjzpfaom a&S;b0onfvnf; rxif&Sm;awmhay/ tbdnmOf&wefcdk;&Sif&aoh onf odkYr[kwf &[ef;onf? &[ef;ronf a&S; a&S;b0udk atmufarhqifjcif\[k yk*¾dKvfudk xnhí f ajymqdrk o S mvQi?f atmufarhqifjcifaom yk*¾dKvfvnf; xif&Sm;\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfatmufarh qifjciftyfaom a&S;b0onfvnf; xif&mS ;Edik f ay\/ þuJhodkY xif&Sm;ap&ef ]yk*¾dKvf} [laom a0g[m&pum;udk oHk;EIef;a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfayonf/ (7) 'u©dP0dok'¨d'Dyew¬H 'geaumif;rI&UJ tusKd ;ay;yH?k pifMu,f rIudk jyqdkvdkaomaMumifhvnf; yk*¾dKvf-a0g[m& udk Ak'x ¨ nho f iG ;f a[mMum;awmfrjl cif;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm= cE¨monf? cE¨mtm; qGr;f udv k LS 'gef;\[k qdkvQif? vSL'gef;olyk*¾dKvf? tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwdkYrSm rxif&Sm;awmhay/ xdkuJhodkY rxif&Sm;ygu 'ge aumif;rI\tusdK;rSmvnf; rxif&Sm;awmhacs/ pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

odMum;vdkvl vlvkdodMum; csif ; wG i f ; iayv (OD ; pm&d E ´ )

]]"ar®m ygaywd ok*¾wd H}} [laom jrwf A k ' ¨ \ pum;awmf E S i h f t nD þavmuü um,uHrI? 0pDuHrI? raemuHrIwdkYü avmb? a'go? arm[ tukodkvfw&m;rsm;rjzpfatmif (odrYk [kw)f enf;Ekid o f rQenf;yg;atmif tm;xkwf jcif;[k qkdtyfaom "r®onf vlYjynf? ewfjynf ajcmufxyf? jA[®mjh ynfEpS q f ,f? edAmÁ ef[q k t dk yf aom XmeESihf csrf;omjcif;wdkYodkY ykdYaqmifEkdifMu av\/ xkdum,uHrI? 0pDuHrI? raemuHrIwdkYü avmb? a'go? arm[rjzpfatmif (odkYr[kwf) enf;EkdiforQenf;atmif BuKd;pm;tm;xkwfaom "r®enf;vrf;tjym;wdkYonfum; 'ge? oDv? orxbm0em? 0dyóembm0em[lí trsK;d rsK;d &SdMuav\/ 'geonf rd r d \ pnf ; pd r f O pö m wd k Y u k d ESarsmwGefYwdk0efwdkjcif; (rpä&d,) pGJpGJvrf;vrf; vd k c sif j cif ; (avmb)tuk o d k v f w &m;wd k Y u k d y,fowfEkdifjcif;? oD v onf rd r d \ touf Z D 0 d e f uk d vG e f p G m ruf a rmjcif ; (avmb)? pk d ; &d r f j cif ; (aomu)w&m;wdkYukd y,fEkdifjcif;? orx bm0emonf ukodkvfw&m; wd k Y u k d rd r d o EÅ m ef o d k Y r0if a &muf a tmif wm;qnf ; yd w f y if w wf a om (eD 0 &P)tp tukokdvfw&m;wkdYukd w'*Fy[mef? 0du©rÇe y[mefjzihf y,fEkdifjcif;?

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2/ toufxufqkH; trsKd;ü BuD;olwdkYukd t½dk taojyKavh&Sdolonf jzpfvdk\ (jzpf&rnf)/ 3/ toufxufqkH; El;nHhodrfarGUaom pum;&Sd olonf jzpfvdk\ (jzpf&rnf)/ 4/ toufxufqkH; ukef;rwdkufaompum;&Sdol onf jzpfvdk\ (jzpf&rnf)/ 5/ toufxufq;Hk uif;aomrapä& (0efwjdk cif;) tnpftaMu;&Sad om pdwjf zifh (riJrh uGu)f vGwf vGwf pGefYBuJjcif;&Sdolonf (tvSL0w¦Kukd vSLtHh aomiSm tcgcyfodrf;) aq;aMumNyD;tyfaom vuf&Sdolonf pGefYvTwfjcif;ü arGUavsmfolonf olwpfyg;wdaYk wmif;jcif;iSm avsmufywfoo l nf ay;urf;jcif;? a0zefjcif;ü arGUavsmfoljzpfí td r f ü aevd k \ / (tNrJ w rf ; 'geuk d j yKjcif ; iS m pdwftm;xufoefaeol[lvdk) 6/ toufxufqkH; rSefaompum;&Sdolonf jzpfvdk\ (jzpf&rnf)/ 7/ ig\trsuf(a'go)onf tu,fíjzpfjim; tH?h xkt d rsu(f a'go)ukd vsijf refpmG vQif y,fzsuf &vkd\[lí toufxufqkH; trsuf(a'go) rxGufolonf jzpfvdk\ (jzpf&rnf)/ (a'goukd csKyfwD;Ekdifoljzpf&rnf[lvdk) [k jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl\/ þw&m;ckepfyg;ukd usihfBuHMuukef aomolwdkYtm; ,ckb0üvnf; ewfwdkYonf olawmfaumif;[k orkwMf uukev f suf aemifb0 üvnf ; od M um;tjzpf u k d &&S d E k d i f a vonf / xkaYd Mumihf jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIEiS fh vku d af vsmnDaxG jzpfaom odMum;rif;jzpfjcif;\t*Fgjzpfaom qkdtyfNyD;aom w&m;ckepfyg;wdkYukd jrefrmvlrsKd; trsKd;aumif;om; trsKd;aumif;orD;wdkYonf jref r mh , Of a us;rI t arG t ES p f t m;jzih f v nf ; aumif;? "avhxkH;pHp½kduftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? ½k;d &mtm;jzihv f nf;aumif; tvG,w f ul *kP, f l usiBfh uMH uNy;D vQif þvlb Y 0üvnf; ewfwo Ykd nf orkwftyfaom olawmfaumif;jzpfMuvsuf odMum;vdkvljzpfMuNyD;vQif aemifb0vnf; olvdkodMum;rif;jzpfEkdifMuygap/ csif ; wG i f ; iayv usrf ; ñT e f ; oH , k w å e d u m,f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

urÇmh0dyóemw&m;jyq&mBuD; q&mBuD;OD;bcif\wynhf rpö w m[d k ; Am;\ w&m;tawG U tBuH K Munf v G i f

q&mBuD;OD;bcifuG,fvGefcJhonhfESpf (40) jynhEf pS yf wfvnfaeY (19-1-2010) tBuKd *kPfjyKaqmif;yg;tjzpf urÇmh0dyóemw&m;jy q&mBu;D OD;bcif\wynhf tar&dueftmumo ESihf wdkufcsif;ypf'Hk;ysHyg&*l rpöwm[dk;Am;\ w&m;tawGUtBuH K rsm;uk d pma&;q&mBuD ; aZ,smarmif\ jref r mh * k P f a qmif y k * ¾ d K vf x l ; q&mBuD;OD;bcif\ txkw¬yÜwådESihf omoemjyK vkyfief;rsm;pmtkyfrS aumufEkwfazmfjytyf ygonf/ ]]rpöwma&mbwf tdwf(cs) [dk;Am;\ yg&rDonfvnf; wpfrsKd ;xl;jcm;í pdw0f ifpm;zG,f aumif;vSonf/ ¤if;onf pufrItif*sifeD,m wpfa,mufjzpfí wdkufcsif;ypf'Hk;ysHESihf tmum o,mOfwnfaqmufa&;vkyif ef;ü txl;okaw oet&m&Sdwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ rpöwm[dk;Am; onf a'gufwm[pfpavmh(y) wd\ Yk (Spiritual Regeneration Movement Foundation) wGif toif ; om;wpf O D ; jzpf o nf / td E ´ d , a,m*D r[m&d&\ DS ñTejf yrIc, H í l [dEL´ a,m*D ur®|mef; vkyif ef;rsm;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf/ a'gufwm[pfpavmh yxrtBud r f "r® a &mif j cnf a pwD ü w&m; tm;xkwfNyD; jyeftoGm;wGif rpöwm[dk;Am;tm; &efukef&Sd w&m;Xme taMumif;ajymjyonf/ xdkYaMumihf q&mBuD;xHü w&m;vkyfief;vkyfudkif &ef (1961) ck E S p f ? Zef e 0g&D v qef ; wG i f &efukefodkYa&muf&Sdvmonf/ ¤if;a&muf&v dS mcsed w f iG f uReaf wmfEiS fh rpöpfjALvmprpfwdkY w&m;xdkifaeqJtcsdefjzpf onf/ &efuek o f Ykd rpöpjf ALvmprpfuo hJ yYkd if w&m; xdkif&ef oufoufvma&mufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ta&SUwkid ;f Edik if o H Ykd wpfcgwpfacgufrQ ra&mufz;l

ao;aomfvnf; wku d sKd ? a[mifaumif? befaumuf ponh f N rd K Ursm;wG i f c&D ; wpf a xmuf e m;í vnfywfjcif;yifrjyKcJhay/ avmh(pf)tdef*s,fNrdKU rS av,mOf E S i h f x G u f v m&m wd k u sd K wG i f av,mOfajymif;pD;&onf/ xdkrS &efukefodkY wdkuf½kdufvmcJhí 1961-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (9) &ufaeYwGif "r®a&mifjcnf apwDodkYa&muf&Sd vmonf/ BuKdqkdolrsm;u av,mOfuGif;rS BudKNyD;vQif a&Twd*HkapwDukd zl;ajrmf&efac:oGm; onf/ ¤if;aemuf NrKd Uwpfywf armfawmfum;jzihf vSnhfjyí apwDodkYa&mufvmonf/ ¤if;&&Sd cJhaom cGihfwpfvtcsdefudk w&m;vkyfief;wGif vH k ; 0 toH k ; jyKoG m ;í azazmf 0 g&D v (5) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUrS jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm; onf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7) &ufaeY tvkyfjyefí r0if r D em&D t enf ; i,f r Qapmí avmh ( p) tdef*s,fodkY a&mufoGm;onf/ vrf;wGif t&yf tem;tvnftywfrjyKvkyfcJhay/ þrQa0;vH aom c&D;rS aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm;tukecf u H m w&m;vkyif ef;twGuf oufoufvma&mufcjhJ cif; jzpf&m ¤if;\pdwt f m;xufoefrI rnfrQjyif;xef onfudk tuJcwfEdkifMuayrnf/ ur®|mef;cef;od0Yk if&ef oifah vsmaf om t0wftpm;rygygqdkí &dyfomrS jrefrmvkHcsnf (2) xnf xkwaf y;&onf/ ¤if;vHck snf (2) xnf jziho f m wpfvvH;k vH;k aexkid o f mG ;cJo h nf/ pyd&Yk yS f vufwdk? yavuyfvHkcsnf0wfqifí ur®|mef; w&m;,l&ef apwD*luav;xJodkY 0ifvmaom rpö w m[d k ; Am;ud k ,aeY w d k i f rsuf p d w G i f jrifa,mifaeao;onf/ uwHk;qHawmufESihf udk,fcE¨mawmifhwif;ckdifrmonf/ tar&duef vlrsKd ;wpfa,muftzdYk t&yfyo k nf[k qd&k rnf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ xm;aom uReaf wmf\rsupf t d m½Hx k w J iG f rpöwm [d;k Am;tcef;rS rJeufaomtcd;k rsm; jyefv Y iG x fh u G f aeonf/ ¤if;tcdk;wdkYonf uRefawmfESihf rpöpf jALvmprpfwdkY\tcef;rsm;qDodkY vGihfyg;vmae onf[k tm½Hküjrif&onf/ xdknwpfnvHk; uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD; w&m;xdkifír&Muyg/ atmufvdkPf*lwGif;ü w&m;oGm;xdkif &mwGiv f nf; þtcuftcJrsm; awmufavQmuf awGUaeonf[k od&onf/ q&mBuD;onf ¤if; tm; txl;apmifha&Smufí tultnDay;onf/ w&m;r½IvQif ¤if;rnfuJhokdYrQ 'ku©rawGU&ay/ orm"dxlaxmifí udk,fwGif;ü tedpöoabm w&m;½Ivu dk o f nfEiS w fh pfNyKd ief uf tcuftcJrsm; ay:vm&onf/ wpfaeYwGif w&m;*lrSxGufNyD; eH e uf p mpm;csdefra&mufrD ¤if;\tdyfcef;odkY jyefomG ;onf/ pm;aomufcef;odYk tcsed rf rD a&muf vmojzih f ol i ,f u av;wpf a ,muf t m; ¤if;tcef;odkY oGm;a&mufac:aponf/ tdyf&m wG i f yuf v uf v S e f v suf ajcvuf w k e f v I y f wpfudk,fvHk;rNidrfroufjzpfaeaom rpöwm [dk;Am;udkjrif&í vGefpGmxdwfvefYoGm;onf/ 0uf½;l jyefaeonf[k ¤if;uxifonf/ xdaYk Mumifh ¤if ; \ajcaxmuf u d k tomt,mud k i f í ]]rmpwm? rmpwm}} [k ac:vdkuf&m csufcsif; NidrfoGm;onf/ aemuf xrif;pm;&ef vkdufvm onf[kjyefajymjyonf/ rpö w m[d k ; Am;wG i f w&m;½I w k d i f ; tcuftcJawGU&onf/ wpfudk,fvHk;½dkufxm; ouJo h Ykd emusi&f onf/ rD;ESi½fh KdS UNrKd uaf eouJo h Ykd yl a vmif & onf / w&m;cef ; rS x G u f v mwd k i f ; ¤if ; \tusÐ r S a cR;rsm; a&pd k x m;bd o uJ h o d k Y n§pfypf&onf/ odkY&mwGif wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rnnf;nL? rxdwfvefY? ZGJowådvGefpGmaumif; onf/ w&m;oabmrsm;udk aumif;pGmodvmNyD [k Mum;od&onf/ aemifwiG f uReaf wmf\ w&m; rdwfaqGrsm;ESihf &,fp&myifajymrdao;onf/ ]]rpöpfjALvmprpfuawmh at;csrf;NidrfoufpGm &S d í q&mBuD ; u w&m;ta[mtvG e f tm;aumif ; onf [ k ajymonf / [d k ; Am;u wGefYvdrfauG;aumuf? a'gihfwef;jzwfqGJw,f? 'gvJ w&m;oabm awmf a wmf a yguf N yD v d k Y ajymw,f/ tv,fuvkdufaewJh uRefawmh udkawmh vdkao;w,f rSefrSef½I rSefrSef½IvdkY ajymw,f ? b,f v d k o abm&MuvJ } } vd k Y tcsif;csif;&,fzG,fajymrdcJhao;onf/ rpöwm[dk;Am;onf (26) &ufvHk;vHk; w&m;vkyfief;udkom pl;pdkufívkyfaqmifoGm; onf/ q&mBuD;rSwpfyg; rnfolESihfrQ pum;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA DEW

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VISION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS (4) pwk w ¬ o uF e f ; awmf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &mZN*dK[fNrdKU a0VK0efausmif;ü oDwif;oHk; aeawmfrlaomtcg OaZÆeDjynhf&Sif p@yaZÆmwrif;tm; tom;ta& azsmhawmhaoma&m*gjzpfí? orm;ausmfrsm;pGmjzifh ukoaomfvnf; a&m*graysmufuif;yJ qif;&JBuD;pGmjzpfav\/ xdktcg p@yaZÆmwrif; onf &mZN*dK[fjynhf&Sif AdrÁdom&rif;xH wrefapvTwfí q&mZD0uudk yifhaqmifum aq;ukoav\/ xkrd if;um; axmywfukd tvGet f rif;aMumufaom[l\/ ok&Yd m wGif axmywfjzihf csuftyfaomaq;udk wdkufauR;rS? ,if;a&m*gaysmuf uif;rnhfta&;onf q&mZD0uÓPfü xifvm\/ xdaYk Mumihf q&mZD0uonf axmywftqif;teHt Y &omaysmuf atmif pDrí H axmywfcsuaf q;udyk if wku d af uR;ukoav\/ q&mZD0u onf þrif;um; tvGefMurf;wrf;\/ avBudKUí (BudKUxdk;í) axmywfeHY xGufaomf ightm;trsufxGufí uGyfrsufav&m\[k BudKwifrSef;qí? b'´0wdumrnfaom qifjrefawmfudkpD;í xGufajy;av\/ q&mZD0urSef;qonhftwkdif;yif xdkrif;onf avBudKUí axmywfeHYxGufaomtcg jyif;pGmaomtrsufxGufí? q&mZD0utm; vkdufvHzrf;qD;&ef ajcjrefawmfumuukd apvTwfao;onf[l\/ p@yaZÆmwrif;onf a&m*gaysmufuif;vwfaomtcg q&m ZD0u\aus;Zl;udk txl;woatmufarhí 0wfpt kH ode;f taomif;wdx Yk uf vGefjrwfaom oD0dwkdif;jzpf oda0,su t0wftpHkudk aq;ylaZmfctjzpf ydkYaqmifapcJhonf/ q&mZD0uonf tjrwfq;kH 0w¬Kqo kd nfrmS tjrwfq;kH yk*Kd¾ vEf iS fh om xkdufwefonfjzpf&um;? xdk0wfpHkjrwfudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmtm; qufuyf vSL'gef;av\/ q&mZD0uonf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfü qkjrwfwpfckudk avQmufxm;awmif;cHav\/ xdq k jk rwfum; yHo h ulouFe;f udo k m 0wf½ckH iG &fh adS om &[ef;oHCm onf ouFef;twGuf tvGefyifqif;&JvS\/ 'g,umwdkYvSL'gef;aom ouFef;udk 0wf½HkcGihf&ygrl? (1) oHCmawmftm; ouFef;twGuf csrf;om jcif;/ (2) 'umtwGuf ukodkvfjzpfyGm;&jcif;/ tusdK;ESpfzufjzpfxGef;ap rnhf qkjrwfjzpfavonf/ &[ef;oHCmESifh 'g,umwdkYtm; tyfvnf; tyfpyf? tjypfvnf;uif;aom (*[ywdpD0&) [lonhf 'umvSL'gef; jrwfouFef;udk cGihfjyKjcif;qkudk awmif;yefavQmufxm;av\/ xdkYaMumihf &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;onf tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *[ ywdpD0&H[k 'umvSL'gef;jrwfouFef;udk cGihfjyKynwfawmfrlavonf/ (0d? 3? yg? 387- 492? pD0&u©E¨u) þodv Yk Qif q&mZD0uonf jrwfaomouFe;f udv k LS í? rdrt d wGuf bmqkukdrQ rawmif;yJ oHCmtwGuf ouFef;tvSL'umwdkYtwGuf jrwfaom ]]*[ywdp0D &- tEkZmeeqkjrwf}} udo k m awmif;cJjh cif;aMumih?f tjrwfEpS o f , G ?f qufE, G af ygif;pyf? jrwfxufjrwfaom t*¾ao| armu© Owår oda0,su oD0dwkdif;xGuf? te*¢&wemouFef;vsmonf? Ak'¨\ xl;jrwfaom pwkw¬ouFef;jzpfygonf/ jznhfpGufcsuf/ / p@yaZÆmwrif;\ r,fawmfonf Owk&moD yef;vmí tdyfaepOf? uif;NrD;aumufBuD;onf csufay:odkYwufvm\/ xdkuif;NrD;aumuf\tawGUaMumifh r,fawmfonf (p@yaZÆmwrif;) y#doaE¨udk ,lav\/ uif;NrD;aumufonf axmywfudkaMumufaom aMumifh uif;Nr;D aumufEiS pfh yfaom xdrk if;onfvnf; axmywfukd tvGef aMumufjcif;jzpfavonf/ (om&w¬'DyeD? w? 339)

0da0,sutxnfqo kd nfum; oH;k yifvrd cf snjf zihf &uftyfaom oD0dwkdif;üjzpfaom txl;t0wftxnfjzpf\/ (ygpdwsm'd? |? 400) (5) yÍö r ouF e f ; awmf rdaxG;awmfa*gwrDudk,fwdkif0gaygufrSpí ouFef;jzpfonf txd ud, k w f idk f pDrjH yKvyk t f yfaom ouFe;f ud?k Ak'j¨ rwfpmG tm;vSL'gef;av &m? ]]a*gwrD ouFe;f udk oHCmtm;vSLavmh/ oHCmtm; vSL'gef;tyfonf &Sad omf igbk&m;udv k nf; vSL'gef;ylaZmfNy;D om;jzpfvrd rfh nf}} [k rdeaYf wmfrí l ? y|rAk't ¨ m; 'kw, d oHCmtm;vSL'gef;tyfaom xl;jrwfaom yÍörouFe;f awmfjzpfonf/ (yH? 3? yg? 295- 296) (6) q|rouF e f ; awmf Ak'¨jrwfpGm y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlrnhfaeY aeYvnftcg yg0gNrdKUrS ukodem½HkNrdKUodkY oGm;&mvrf;c&D;tMum;ü Ak'¨jrwfpGmc&D;wpfaxmufem; awmfrl\/ xdktcg ykuúKornfaom rv’rif;om;onf rdrdy&dowfjzihf xdkc&D;vrf;rSjzwfoef;oGm;pOf? Ak'¨jrwfpGmtm; 0ifa&mufzl;ajrmfí Ak'¨\ orm"d*kPfw&m;udk emMum;&ojzihf tvGefMunfndKoGm;av\/ xdkYaMumihf rdrd\od*Ða&Ta&miftqif;&SdNyD; El;nHhaom r*Fvm 0wf½Hkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; vSL'gef;av\/ xdkykuúKorif;om; z,fcGm oGm;aomtcg t&Sit f meE´monf od*aÐ &Ta&mifE;l nHv h yS pGmaom r*Fvm 0wf½HkvTmudk Ak'¨jrwfpGm\udk,fawmfjrwftay: vTrf;vdkufaomtcg &SifawmfjrwfpGmbk&m;onf a&Ta&mifvTrf;qihf tvGefwihfw,foyÜm,f awmfrl\/ xdktcg t&SiftmeE´monf þ*gxmjzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; csD;usL;ylaZmfav\/ ]]od * Ð 0 PÖ H ,k * r|H ? yk u ú K aom tbd [ m&,d ? awetpä m 'd a wmow¬ m ? a[r0aPÖ m taombx}} jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf bk&m;jzpfawmfrlrnfhaeY? y&dedAÁmefpH0if rnhaf eY? þESpaf eYwüYkd tvGet f uJtqif;Munfvifwihw f ,foyÜm,fawmf rlaMumif;qdkonf/ þodkY aemufqHk;vSL'gef;tyfaom od*Ðedufa&Ta&mif ,k*r| jrwfvSpGmaom Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ q|rouFef;awmf/ ('D? 2? yg? 111) þazmfjyygouFef; (6) xnfwdkYonfum; Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ xl;jrwfaom xl;jcm;aomouFef;awmfrsm;jzpfavonf/ rH k & G m ta&S U v,f w D w d k u f q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; pD u H k ; awmf r l a om r[mok w 'D y PD v m ouF e f ; 6-jzmtvuF m (1) jrwfBuD;taemfrm? aomifurf;omü? r[mod'¨wf? avmif;awmfjrwf tm;? wkyf0yfñGwfum? ½dkaopGmvQif? jA[®mvSL'gef;? MumouFef;O'gef; wGif&pfcJhygaomf/ / (2) uRerf EHck sm? r,fyP k mÖ \? romaumifyyk ?f &pfywfxyk o f nh?f ykyaf [mif n§DeH? ydk;avmufvQHonf? ydkufqHavQmfjzpf? t0wfnpfudk? &SifcspfoAÁnL? aumufawmfrl? yHhokulouFef;awmf/ / (3) yHo h u k *l P k v f Qr;f ? xdo k uFe;f ud?k &[ef;jzpfap? uóy[k? emrxifay:? rax&fausmftm;? ajr§mufac:ajr§mufpm;? ay;oem;í? om;awmfjrwfvS? uóy\? udk,frSwifvTrf;? olYouFef;udk? vSL'gef;aomcg? apmowåm onf? om"m&P? oHabm*jzpf? xl;pGmhcH,l? 0wfawmfrl? rSwf,louFef; awmf/ (4) p@yaZÆm? rif;&Sifapmonf? MunfarmvSpGm? usef;rmvmí? r[m pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

SPECIAL COVER FEATURE

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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rSef\/ xdkt&d,mwynhfonf usihftyfaom csrf;omapwwf aom tusihfonfomvQif csrf;omokcudk &jcif;iSmjzpf\/ xdkolonf ewfcsrf;omudkaomfvnf;aumif;? vlcsrf;omudkaomfvnf;aumif; &Ekdif \/ tNcH t &H u d k vd k c sif y gu 'g,um? t&d,m wynhfonf tNcHt&H udk tvdk&Sdonfjzpfí tNcHt&Hudk EIwfjzihf awmifhwjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? pdwfjzihf ESpfoufjcif; iSmvnf;aumif;? rxdkuf/ tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif;\ taMumif;aMumihfvnf; tNcHt&Hudkvdk aom wynhfonf tNcHt&Hudkjzpfapwwfonfh tusihfonfomvQif tNcHt&H &jcif;iSmjzpf\/ xdkolonf ewftNcHt&Hudkaomfvnf;aumif; vltNcHt&Hudkaomfvnf;aumif; &Ekdif\/ ewf j ynf e wf & G m a&muf v d k o nf j zpf t H h 'g,um? t&d,m wynhfonf ewfjynfodkY a&mufvdkonfjzpf í ewfjynfudk EIwfjzihf awmihfwjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? pdwfjzihf ESpfouf jcif;iSmvnf;aumif; rxdkufay/ ewfjynfwdkY\ taMumif;aMumihfvnf; ewfjynfudk a&mufvdk aom t&d,m wynhfonf ewfjynfü jzpfapwwfaom tusihfudk usihf&rnf/ rSe\ f / xdt k &d,m wynho f nf usit fh yfaom ewfjynfüjzpfap wwfonfh tusihfonfomvQif ewfjynfudk&jcif;iSmjzpf\/ xdkolonf ewfjynfwdkYodkY &Ekdifa&mufEkdif\[k jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif rdefYawmfrl\/ aumif ; rI uk o d k v f w d k Y ü rarh r avsmh & m touf&n S jf cif;udv k nf;aumif;? tqif;vSjcif;udv k nf;aumif; tNct H &Hrsm;jcif;udv k nf;aumif;? ausmaf pmjci;fuv kd nf;aumif;? ewfjynf odkY a&mufjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? jrifhjrwfaomtrsKd;&Sdonf\tjzpfudk vnf;aumif;? tqihfqifhjrifhjrwfaom arGUavsmfzG,fwdkYudkvnf;aumif; awmihw f aom trsK;d aumif;om;onf aumi;fru I o k v dk w f üYkd rarhavsm&h m/ rarh r avsmh a om ynm&S d w d k Y &&S d o nf h t usKd ; aumif;rIukodkvfwdkYü rarhravsmhjcif;udk ynm&SdwkdY csD;rGrf;ukef \/ rarhravsmah om ynm&So d nf tusK;d ESpyf g;wdu Yk kd &Ekid \ f / rsuaf rSmuf b0ü jzpfaomtusKd;pD;yGm;? wrvGefb0üjzpfaomtusKd;pD;yGm;[laom tusKd;ESpfyg;udk&jcif;aMumifh xdkynm&Sdudk y@dw[kqdktyf\/ (okwåefyd#uwf? t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? yXryPÖmou? rk@&mZ 0*f? £|okwfawmfudkjyefqdkazmfjytyfygonf/) id r f ; csrf ; OD ; Nid

pmrsuf E S m 16 rS udk tpOftNrJ vufudkifxm;MuolawGjzpfMurSmvJ trSefjzpfygw,f/ ]]tyÜrm'}} w&m; uRefrwdkY&JU ESvHk;om;xJrSm udef;&if ]yrm'} qdk wJh arharhavsmhavsmh aygYaygYqq aewwfwJhw&m;uae&m,lcGihf r&Ek d i f awmh w J h t wG u f tyg,f a v;yg; wH c g; xm0&yd w f o G m NyD ; edAÁmefwHcg;BuD; yGifhr,fh tcsdefyJjzpfygw,f/

'gaMumifh tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD; edAÁmefwHcg; zGifhzdkY&m 0dyóem bm0em w&m;udk BuKd ;pm;yGm;rsm; tm;xkwMf uygvdYk rrat;eJt Y wl tnm a&Tbkdu &Gmol &Gmom;rsm; tm;vHk;udk tEkaAm"ÓPfeJY a&;om; wifjy &if; uRefr&JU &efukefem;utvGrf;pm (7)udk ed*Hk;urÜwf tqHk;owfvdkuf &ygw,f/ a&T n mol ( a&T b d k )

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

tarha<u;ausapzkdY Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D )

urÇmOD;u tarhtdrf urÇmOD;umvu wpfO;D ESiw fh pfO;D umr*kPu f pd rö jyKvyk Mf uao; acs/ xdkpOf arwåmponfrsm;arhvmMu&mrSpí a,musfm;toGif rdef;r toGifxif&Sm;pGmay:vm&acsawmh\/ xdktcg wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;rwlonf rsm;udk wpdrphf rd Mhf unh½f v I suu f tarhBu;D arhum pdwrf xde;f Ekid ?f rcsKyw f nf; EkdifawmhbJ umr*kPfarxHktusihfrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuavonf/ xdktcg ynm&Sdrsm;u xdkolESpfOD;wdkY rolawmfwdkYtusihf rSD0Jjcif;aMumihf uJh&JU½Iwf cs? cJwkwfponfjzihf ypfcwfMuavonf/ odkYjzpfí xdkumr*kPftusihf rsm;udk trsm;rodatmif zHk;vTrf;vdkaomaMumihf 0g zHk;vTrf;NyD; tarhaysmf aysmfonfvkdjzpfí um&HzHk;vTrf;aom tdrfaqmufMuavonf/ tarhom;ESpfOD;wdkY\ aysmfjrL;&m tarhtdrfjzpfavonf/ ,ckumvü þodjYk zihf tarhom;ESpOf ;D wdYk tarhtrl;t&l;wdjYk zihf ypfrSm;usL;vGefonfudkyif ESpfbufrdbrsm;ESihf &yf&Gm&Sdvlom;rsm;u r*Fvmaqmifonf[k trnfajymif;ay;wwf ay;vdkufMuukef\/ tarh om;ESpOf ;D udv k nf; ]owd;k om;? owd;k orD;} [ktrnfví JT wGaJ pcJMh uonf/ tarh o m;wd k Y tarh t rd k u f u d k y if vd I u f v d I u f v S J v S J tarh y G J B uD ; rsm; usif;ycJhMuonf/ tarhom; ZeD;armifESHwdkYwpfzufESihf wpfzuf tm½Hkrsm; arharh BuD;jzifh tBudKufay;í usL;vGef&ef um&HzHk;vTrf;xm;aom tarhcH&m tdrfudkyif ]]oD&da*[m}} usufoa&ESihf jynhfpHkaomtdrf[k trnfay; uifyGef;wwfvsuf? tdrfwufr*FvmjyKvkyfvdkufacsao;\/ tarhom;wdkY tarhtdrfwufonfudk owdr&Muygacs/ tarhom;onf tm½Hk\ arh&m tarhtdrfü ZeD;armifESHwdkYu tarhcsi;f qHk tarhtxHyk gaeolrsm;jzpfMuí xdZk eD;? cifyeG ;f wdu Yk o kd m rarh Muygawmhacs/ cifyGef;uvnf; ZeD;udkrarhawmh? ZeD;uvnf; cifyGef;udk rarhMuawmhygacs/ rdrdarG;xm;aom tarudkum; arhí oGm;acsNyD/ ukokdvfw&m;wdkYudkum; arhí oGm;MuacsNyD/ taronfum; tarhom;rsm;twGuf vHk;0 rarhygacs/ 'ku© rsKd;pHk ab;rsKd;pHkawGUBuHKapum tarum; om;vGwf&efom; BudK;pm;qJ? BudK;pm;NyD;? BudK;pm;vwåHUomjzpfacs\/ taronfum; tarhom;udk rarhygacs/ tarhom;rsm;uom ZeD;tarESihfawGUu tarhudk arhwwf Muavonf/ tarhtwGuf rarhum;r&Sd? tarhawGU wef;pDí 0ifvmacs NyD tarhum; r&yfjzpfavNyD/ t&Sirf [marm*¾vmeftavmif;onf wpfcak om b0ü r,m; tawGUjzihf arhaeojzihf r,m;u apcdkif;wdkufwGef;rIaMumifh rsufrjrif rdbwdu Yk kd vSn;f jzihaf c:aqmifomG ;Ny;D awmvrf;c&D;ü rdru d , kd w f ikd f vlq;kd [efaqmifí rsufpdESpfuGif; tvif;r&aom rdbwdkYudk ½dkufESuf ykwfcwf av&m rdbrsm;u wu,fhvlqdk;rsm; rdrdwdkYudk ½dkufESuf ykwfcwfae onf[k xifrSwfMuí om;udkvGwfajrmufapjcif;iSm ]]igYom; olcdk;wdkYvmMuNyD igwdkYawmh tdkMuNyD aocsifaoygap? igYom;om vGwfatmifajy;yg[Jh ajy;yg[Jh}} [k idka<u;jrnfwrf;vsuf

om;\ vGwfajrmufcsrf;om awmif;wukefí atmf[pf&SmMuavukef \/ þonfrSmum; om;uomtarhtBudKuf? tarhtrdkufawGESihf rd b rsm;ud k ½d k u f a omf v nf ; ? tartazwd k Y u m; om;ud k r arh & S m vGwaf jrmufcsr;f omvdMk u\/ tarhom;rsm;u arhwwfMuNy;D tar taz rdbwdkYum; tarhom;twGuf vHk;0rarhwwfMuygacs/ þodkYqdktyfNyD;aom tarhom; pwifaecJh&aom tarhtdrf tarhae&mjzpfaom tarhtdrf tarhom;udk,fwdkif wnfaqmufcJhaom tarhtdrf ,if;tarhtdrf[lorQonf tarhom;\ tdrfrsm;omwnf;/ tarhtdrf[lorQonf tarhom;twGuf wHcg;r&Sd "m;r&Sd 0ifEkdif\/ xGufEkdif\/ aeEkdif\/ pm;aomufEkdif\/ tdyfEdkif\/ tcsdefra&G; oGm; vmaeEkdifaom tarhtdrfrsm;jzpfavvnf/ tb,frQa0;aom t&yfodkY c&D;xGufoGm;apumrl tcsdefwef vQif tarhtrd o f m jyefc&hJ onf/ tb,frQ ESp&f ufawGMumapumrl tarh tdro f Ykd rysurf uGuf jyefvmNro J mwnf;/ tarhom;onfvnf; tarhtrd f ü taysmfqHk;jzpf\/ tarhtdrfüvnf; taetrsm;qHk;jzpf\/ owå0grsm;onf oHo&mwpfavQmufvHk; tyÜrm'w&m;rsm; vufvTwfum yrm' tarhw&m;jzihf trSefopömudk rodcJhjcif;aMumihf cE¨mb0jzpfaeMu&avnf/ xdkcE¨mb0rsm; oHo&mwpfcGif jzpfay:vm onfh owå0gwpfOD; wpfa,muf\ t½dk;udk pkxm;vdkufrnfqdkvQif awmifwef;BuD;rsm;jzpfaernfomwnf;/ jrwfAk'¨onfyif owå0gwpfOD;\ t½dk;udk pkxm;vdkufygu a0ykv’awmifwef;BuD;rQru &Sdayrnf[k rdefYawmfrl\/ a0ykv’awmif[l onf tm;aumif;armif;oefaom a,musfm;oHk;&ufwuf oHk;&ufqif;& onfh awmifwef;BuD;jzpfavonf/ þrQBuD;us,faom awmifwef;BuD;ozG,f twdwfb0 vnfcJh &onfrSm tarhrodrIrsm;aMumihf jzpfMu&onfomwnf;/ owå0g[lorQ rod&mupvmNyD;? rodb0ESihfae? rodb0jzihfao? rod&modkdYyif jyefav &avonfomwnf;/ tarhom;rsm;onf twdwfb0rsm;u tarhrodrIrsm;jzpfae ojzihf vdkcsifrIjzpf&\/ vdkcsifrIjzpfojzihfvnf; pGJvrf;rIjzpf&\/ pGJvef;rI jzpfojzihv f nf; pGv J rf;uHocFg&wdYk jzpfavonf/ xdt k aMumif;rsm;aMumihf yif b0cE¨mZmwdtarhpcJaom tarhcE¨mrsm; &avonf/ wpfzef tarhcE¨m&NyD;uvnf; tarhrodrIESihfyif vdkcsifpGJvef; uHrsm;jyKjyefí tarhcE¨mtem*wftqufrjywf vnfywf&avonf/ þodkYyif tarhwvHk; vufudkifoHk;cJhavaomaMumihf twdwf? tem*wf ? ypö K yÜ e f b 0wd k Y j zih f vnf y wf v S n h f v nf c J h & avonf / 0g twdwfb0rsm;u trSefarhxm;ojzihf rodt0dZÆm? vdkcsifwPSm? pGJvef; Oyg'gef? jyKorQuHocFg&wdkYaMumihf ypöKyÜef&avonf/ wpfzef ypöKyÜefb0wGifvnf; t0dZÆmwPSm O'gef? uHocFg& pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y

. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawm

r*¾*F'. Dy

THE MAGGANG OR THE MANUAL OF THE CONSTITU by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED into English by U OD ; acgif ; ü ouú m ,'d | d j zpf y H k OD;acgif;t*Fg&Sd "mwf 4 yg;wdkYü ouúm,'d|djzpfyHk? or®m'd|d jzpfyHk jyqdkaytHh/ OD;acgif;rSm qHyif t*Fg? arG;n§if;t*Fg? t½dk;t*FgwdkYü cufrmrI tjynhf&Sd\/ ta&t*Fg? tom;t*Fg? taoG;t*Fg? OD;aESmuft*FgwdkYü El;nHhrI tjynhf&Sd\/ ¤if;cufrmrI? El;nHhrI 2 yg;onf yx0D"mwfrnf\/ OD;acgif;t*Fg wpfcv k ;kH onf xdyk x0D 2 rsK;d jynhv f suf &S\ d / tmaygvnf; jynhf\/ awaZmvnf; jynhfvsuf&Sd\/ 0ga,mvnf; jynhfvsuf&Sd\/ yx0Donf OD;acgif;r[kwf? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,monf OD;acgif; r[kwf? "mwfav;yg;rStvGwf OD;acgif;[lí toD;tjcm;vnf; r&Sd/ tMuifow l o Ykd nf "mwfav;yg;udk ydik ;f ydik ;f jcm;jcm; rodMuuke?f xdkolwdkYonf cufrmrI ponfwdkYudk xdkxdk"mwf[lírodMuukef? OD;acgif; [líom odMuuke\ f ? OD;acgif;[líom rSwMf uuke\ f / OD;acgif;[líom xifMuuke\ f ? OD;acgif;[líom jrifMuuke\ f ? OD;acgif;[líom odro I nf um; pdwf\azmufjyefrIwnf;? OD;acgif;[lí rSwfrIonfum; onm\ azmufjyefrIwnf;? OD;acgif;[lí xifrIonfum; rme\ txifBuD;rI wnf;? OD;acgif;[lí jrifrIonfum; 'd|d\ azmufjyefrIwnf;/ "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk OD;acgif;[líodrI? rSwfrI? xifrI? jrifrIonf "mwfav;yg;wdu Yk kd edp[ ö í l twå[í l ? odr?I rSwrf ?I xifr?I jrifraI ywnf;/ xdkYaMumihf xdktrIpkonf tedpö? tewåjzpfaom "mwfav;yg;udk edp?ö twå[líazmufjyefaom odrSwfxifjrifrI jzpfavownf;/ "mwfav;yg;onf wpfem&DtwGif;rSmyif tcgw&mru csKyf y suf j cif ; &S d a om w&m;rsKd ; jzpf a omaMumih f ]]c,a|e ted p ö H ? tom&ua|e tewåm}} [lonfESihftnD tedpöw&m;rsKd;? tewåw&m; rsKd;om trSefjzpf\/ OD;acgif;rnfonf vlaoírS rysufao;? oif;csKdif; okomefodkY a&mufatmif OD;acgif;twdkif; wnf&Sdao;\/ xdkYaMumihf "mwfav;yg;udk OD;acgif;[lí odrSwf xifjrifrIonf tedpöudk edpö[lí tewåudk twå[lí azmufjyefarSmufrSm;rIjzpfavownf;/ OD;acgif;&Sd t*Fgtpdww f rYkd mS vnf; "mwfav;yg;wdu Yk kd qHyif[í l odrSwfxifjrifrI? "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk arG;n§if;[lí oGm;[lí? ta&[lí?

Sakka-yadit.t.hi and the Head Sakka-yadit.t.hi (Personality- belief) and Right Understanding with respect to the four elements in the head are explained below– The hair and bones in the head are solid, and its skin, flesh, blood and brains are soft, and these two namely, solidity and softness constitute pathav1-dha-tu (elements of extension). The whole of the head is completely filled with the said two kinds of pathav1- , and so also with a-po, tejo and, va-yo, The pathav1- is not the head, nor are the a-po, tejo and, va-yo; and apart from these elements, there is no such things as the head. Know, note, think, see Those persons, who cannot differentiate the four elements in the head and who do not know that solidity, etc., in the head are dha-tus (elements), know the head as such only; they note it as the head only; the only think that it is the head, and they see it as the head only. To know that it is the head is a delusion of mind. To note that it is the head is a delusion of Perception. To think that it is the head is a delusion of ma-na (conceit) To see that it is the head is a delusion of dit.t.hi. Knowing, noting, thinking and viewing the four elements of the head is knowing, perceiving, thinking, and viewing them as permanent and as atta-. Thus to consider the four elements as the head is a fallacy of taking what is impermanent as permanent and what is not-self as self. Delusion The said four elements, which by nature disappear more than a hundred time in an hour are really anicca and anatta, in accordance with the Buddha's Teaching "khayatthena aniccam. asa-rakatthena anatta" (It is Impermanent, because it is vanishing; it is Soul-less, because it is without any soulessence). The head of a man does not disintegrate at his death, and it remains as such till it reaches the cemetery. So it is regarded a nicca (permanent) and atta- (soul).

. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

*¾*F'. DyeD

GANGA DIPANI OR STITUENTS Of THE NOBLE PATH by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

h by U Saw Tun Teik, B.A., B.L. tom;[lí? taMum[lí? t½dk;[lí? OD;aESmuf[lí? odrSwf xifjrifrI onf tedpöjzpfaom "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk edpö[lí tewåjzpfaom "mwfav;yg;wdu Yk kd twå[í l azmufjyefarSmufrmS ;aom trIwo Ykd mwnf; cufrmrItp&Sdaom "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk "mwf[lí rodMuukefonfh twGuf cufrmrI tp&So d nfwu Ykd ykd ifvQif OD;acgif;[lí/ v/ OD;aESmuf[l í pdwfü aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí ouúm,'d|dwnf;/ cufrmrIonf yx0D"mwfaywnf;? OD;acgif;r[kw?f qHyif r[kw?f v? OD;aESmufr[kw?f bGUJ ap;rIonf tmayg"mwfaywnf;? ylr?I at;rIonf awaZm"mwfaywnf;? axmufuefrI? vIyf&Sm;rIonf 0ga,m"mwf aywnf;/ OD;acgif;r[kwf? qHyifr[kwf? v? OD;aESmufr[kwf? oabm tm;jzihf OD;acgif;? qHyif? v? OD;aESmuf[lí r&Sd[k pdwfü aumif;pGmxif jrifrIonf or®m'd|dwnf;/ <uif;aom ud, k t f *Fgwdo Yk nfvnf; OD;acgif;t*FgüuJo h Ydk ouúm ,'d|d or®m'd|djzpfyHkudk tukefodjrifav/ "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk jcm;em;pGm xifjrifjcif;iSm ,kwdåenf;vrf; wdkYudk BuHzefrIonf or®mouFyÜrnf\? or®m'd|donf jr§m;ESihfwl\? or®mouFyÜonfjr§m;udk pufuGif;ü ajzmihfrwfpGm 0ifapjcif;iSm csdef&G,f aomvufEiS w fh \ l ? þum; tusO;f tm;jzihf or®m'd|?d or®mouFy[ Ü al om ynmu©E¨r*¾if 2 yg;wdkYudk xlaxmifyHkwnf;? tus,fudkrlum; igwdkY pD&if aom (0dZÆmr*¾'DyeD? bm0em'DyeD)ponfwdkYrSm ,lav/ þodv Yk Qif OD;acgif;t*FgrSpí wud, k v f ;kH ü "mwfBu;D av;yg;ESifh jrifrI? Mum;rI tp&Sdaom 0dnmPf"mwfwdkY\ yGufyGufqlaom tdk;wGif;ü a&yGufi,fwdkYuJhodkY cPrpJ jzpfay:rI ysufqHk;rI O',AÁtcsuf tedpö vu©Pm? tewåvu©Pm 2 yg;udk ½IrI? BuHzefrI[laom ynmu©E¨r*¾of 2 yg; xlaxmifrd onf&Sdaomf tqihfqihf txiftjrif wdk;yGm;í oGm;apjcif;iSm toufxufq;kH pGNJ rMJ u&rnf? awmifol v,f,mvkyaf om ol w d k Y r S m awmif o l v,f , mvk y f u d k i f r I wbwf ? OD ; acgif ; paom udk,ft*FgwdkYü "mwfobm0wdkY\ O',AÁ,udk ½IrIwbuf þodkY tvkyf 2 ck bufwGJí tm;xkwfMu&rnf/ pGJNrJzefrsm;vwfaomf "mwftpkwdkY\ jzpfrI? ysufrIudk tvif;

Therefore, out of the conception that the four elements are the head arises the misconception that what is impermanent to be permanent and what is not-self to be self. Because they do not understand As regards the composite parts of the head also, to know, perceive, think and view the four elements as hair, teeth, skin, flesh ,muscles, bones, and brain, is to know, perceive, think, and view the four elements which are impermanent and without soulessence as permanent and with soul. It is sakka-yadit.t.hi (Personality- belief) to think and view the elements of hardness, etc., as the head, hair, teeth, skin, flesh, vein, bones and brain, in ignorance of their being mear elements. Right Understanding The hardness is pathav1- (the element of extension). It is not the head, hair, skin, flesh, muscles, bones nor the brain. Cohesion is a-po- dha-tu (the emement of cohesion or liquidity). Heat and cold are tejo- dha-tu, and support and motion are va-to-dha-tu. They are not head, hair, teeth ,skin, flesh, muscles, nor brain. In the ultimate analysis, there is not such thing as the head, hair, teeth, skin, flesh, muscles, bones and brain. Such understanding is called samma-dit.t.hi (Right Understanding). (The Personality- belief and the Right Understanding of the head and it parts are also applicable to the remaining parts of the body. Like the hand that aims at the target with an arrow. To think out ways and means so as to understand these four elements is Right Thinking. Right Understanding may be compared to an arrow and Right Thinking to the hand that aims at the target with an arrow. This is brief exposition of the way to establish Right Understanding and Right Thinking which are the two constituents of the Wisdom- group of the Eightfold Path. (For detailed explanation, see vijja- Magga- D1-pan1- and Bhavanaa - D1-pan1- written by me.)

. THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON MAGGANGA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

jrifaom or®m'd|d ÓPftjrifonf wud, k v f ;kH tvif;ayguf\/ wud, k f vH;k ü ouúm,'d|\ d yxrbHBk u;D onf uG,af ysmuf\? terw*¾ oHo&m u tpOftNrJ wnfaxmifí vmcJhaom ouúm,'d|dyxrbHkBuD;onf csKyfNidrf;\? wudk,fvHk;onf or®m'd|dEdkifiHBuD;jzpf\/ 'kp½dkuf q,fyg;wdkY onf t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf;ukef\/ okp½dkufq,fyg;onf tpOftNrJ wnf ukef\/ tyg,foHo&mBuD;onf t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;\? vlYb0? ewfb0? jA[®mb0? [laom ok*wd oHo&monfomvQif usef&Sd\? bHkpOfpH t&d,m tjzpfodkY a&muf\/ þwGif a&TUum; oDvu©E¨r*¾ifoHk;yg;? orm"du©E¨r*¾ifoHk;yg;? ynmu©Er¨ *¾iEf pS yf g;[laom r*¾i&f pS yf g;tvkyu f kd tus,jf yqdck Pf; Ny;D \/ r*¾ i f & S p f y g; xl a xmif y H k t usOf ; tusOf;jyqdk&rlum; tmZD0|ruoDvudk vHkNcHKpGmapmihfxdef;rI onf or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0[laom oDvu©E¨ r*¾if tvkyf wnf;? tmemyge ur®|mef;udk tm;xkwrf o I nf or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d [laom orm"du©E¨r*¾if tvkyfwnf;? ODa;cgif;t*FgrS pí "mwfBuD;av;yg;? 0dnmPfajcmufyg;wdkY\ tjzpftysuf txiftjrif aygufatmif ½IrIonf or®m'd|d? or®mouFyÜ[laom ynmu©E¨r*¾if 2 yg; tvkyfwnf;/ oku©0dyóu yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ enf;vrf;tm;jzihfrlum; tmemyge tp&Sdaom orxtvkyfudk toD;tjcm; rvkyfNyD? oDvu©E¨r*¾if oHk;yg; udk aqmufwnfNy;D vQif ynmu©Er¨ *¾it f vkyu f kd xlaxmifí tm;xkw\ f / orm"duE© r¨ *¾if oH;k yg;onf ynmu©Er¨ *¾if 2 yg;ESifh bufwí JG ygav\/ yÍö*Øur*f [líac:\? r*¾if ig;yg;waygif;wnf; jzpfyGm;í oGm;\/ a&S; oDvu©E¨r*¾if oHk;yg;ESihfaygif;aomf r*¾if&Spfyg; jzpf\/ pdwf½l; pdwfaemuf aysmufuif;\? ÓPfpGrf;? 0D&d,pGrf; aumif;vSrS awmfonf/ ,ckb0üaomf¤if;? aemufb0ü aomf¤if;? tMuiftcgü or®m'd|d ÓPftjrifonf wukd,fvHk;ü tvif;ayguf\? xdktcgü ÓPf tjrifEiS fh qifjcifwikd ;f qifjcifwikd ;f yk*Kd¾ v[ f í l r&S[ d k ÓPf\ jy|mef;jcif; onf xif&Sm;ay:vm\? owå0g[lí r&Sd? rdef;r a,musfm;[lí r&Sd? ig[lí r&Sd? rnfol[lí r&Sd? OD;acgif; ajcvufponf r&Sd? qHyif arG;n§if;ponf r&Sd[lí ÓPf\ jy|mef;jcif;onf xif&Sm;ay:vm\/ xdkodkYay:vmaomtcgü OD;acgif;t*Fgü&Sdaom cufrmrI ponfudk OD;acgif;[lí t½dk;tpOfaMumifaMumifjrifíaeaom ouúm,'d|donf uG,faysmuf\? OD;acgif;[lí r&Sd? "mwftpkom &Sdonf[laom or®m'd|d ÓPftjrifonf qifjcifwikd ;f ayguf\/ wpfu, kd v f ;kH ü xdek nf;wl odav/ þodv Yk Qif wud, k v f ;kH ü or®m'd|?d or®mouFy[ Ü al o ynmu©E¨ r*¾ifBuD; 2 ygwnf&Sdaomtcgü tyg,foHo&mBuD;\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;onf t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;\? xdkolonf xdkcPrSpí tyg,f oHo&m\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#f'ku©rS tNyD;uRwfvGwf\? oOyg'daoo yxredAÁmefodkYa&mufav\/ yxredAÁmefbHkol? yxredAÁmefbHkom;tjzpf ü wnf\/ 'kuv © u©Pm ÓPftjrif use&f adS o;aomaMumihf vlcsr;f om? ewfcsrf;om? jA[®mcsrf;omwdkYudk om,maom wPSm? rmewdkYvnf; usef&Sd ukefao;\/ bHkpOfpHtjzpfü wnfí xdkcsrf;omoHk;yg;wdkYudk cHpm; pHpm;vsuf &Sdao;\/ þum; tusOf;jyqdkenf;wnf;/ þwGifa&GU r*¾if&Spfyg; xlaxmifcPf;NyD;\/ r*¾*'F yD eDusr;f Ny;D \/

Must be persistent When the two constituents of the Wisdom- group of the Eightfold Path have been established by thinking and meditating deeply on udayabbaya (arising and vanishing), i.e., the incessant arisings and vanishings in concatenation of the four elements existing in all part of the body, such as head, etc., and consciousness, such as eye- consciousness, ear- consciousness, etc., just as the small bubbles in a pot of hot boiling water, and when the Characteristics of Impermanence and Impersonality have been successfully realised, one must try to continue this realisation throughout one's life, in order that upward development may be achieved successively. Agriculturists should practise the contemplation on the arisings and vanishings of psychophysical elements in all parts of the body, in conjunction with their agricultural works. To become "Bon-sin-san" individuals By repeated and persistent practice of that meditation, the Knowledge of the Right Understandting of the arisings and dissolutions of the psycho-physical elements permeates through the whole body. The first bhu- mi (stage) of Personality- belief in regard to the whole body disappears. The first stage of Personality- belief which has accompanied one's life-continuum throughout the beginningless round of rebirths is completely extinguished. The whole body is thus transformed into the Sphere of Right View. The ten evil actions are totally destroyed and the ten good actions are firmly installed. The apa-ya- sam. sa-ra (round of rebirths in the four Lower Words) becomes completely extinct. There remain only rebirths in the higher round of existences, such as rebirth as men, devas and Brahma-s. That person reches the stage of a "Bon-sin-san" Noble One. (This is the full explanation of the practice of the Noble Eightfold Path comprising the three constituents of the Morality- group, the three constituents of the Concentration- group, and the two constituents of the Wisdom-group of the Eightfold Path.) Hear ends the exposition of the Personality-belief in regard to the head, etc. A Short Explanation of the Establishment of the Noble Eightfold Path Proper and full observance of a-j1-vat.t.hamaka- s1-la constitutes the practice of the Morality-group of the Eightfold Path which comprises Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood. Practice of Exhaling and Inhaling constitutes the practice of the Concentration-group of the Eightfold Path which comprises Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration. Contemplation on the arisings and vanishings of the four elements as exist in the head, etc., and the six kinds of Consciousness, constitutes the practice of the Wisdom-group of the Eightfold path which comprises Right Understanding and Right Thinking. Only when Wisdom and Effort are strenuous According to the method of sukkhavipassakapuggala (One who practises Insight Only), samatha (Calm) and a-na-pa-na (Exhaling and Inhaling), etc., are not practised separately. After observing the three constituents of the Morality-group of the

pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) trS e f j rif j cif ; onf tjrif r S e f j cif ; \ oauF w orm"dr*¾if tkypf pk rG ;f &nfxufu ynmr*¾ib f uf ul;wwfvm onfrSm "r®wmyif/ þodkY ½IuGufwGif;&Sd ½kyfESpfcktxdwdkY\ azmufjyefysufpD;ae MuyHkwdkYudk jrifodvm&jcif;onf orm"dr*¾ifwdkY vkyfuGufyDjyifjcif;aMumifh ynmr*¾ifodkY ull;wufvmjcif;yif r[kwfavm/ ynmr*¾ifqdkonfrSm... ½IuGufwGif;&Sd xdod\ vIyf&SmyHkrsm;udk uGJuGJjym;jym; odvm&m rS... tajccH½dk;½dk;odrS 0dyóemÓPfynmtodokdYvnf;aumif;? 0d y óemÓPf y nmod r S r*f y nmzd k v f y nmtod o d k Y v nf ; aumif;? tqifhqifh wdk;jr§ihfay;aejcif;wnf;/ xdk ynmr*¾iftkyfpkonf *dk;oGif;&ef tqifoihf apmihfaeaom a&SUwef;*d;k oGi;f orm;ESiw fh \ l / *dk;oGif;&olk abmvHk;orm;onf *dk;apmihf\ [muGufudk tydkifodvsufu uefcsufwif;wif; *dk;aygufwGif;odkY at;aq;vSypGm uefoGif;ay;bdokdY/ eD0&P twm;rsm;udk vdrfacgufum 0dyóemÓPfynmodkY vnf; qdkufap\/ r*fynm zdkvfynmwdkYodkYvnf; qdkufap\/ þenf; jzihf taxmuftuljyK\/ ¤if;ynmr*¾io f nf.... 1/ or®m'd|d trSefjrifjcif;? t&Sdudk t&Sdtwdkif;om 2/ or®mouFyÜ trSefjrifü toduyfxm;jcif;? xdktjrif rSef rsufcsnfrjywf&efodkY.... xdkESpfckaygif;rS tjrifrSefrIjynhfpHk\/ trSefjrif&NyD; todrNrJu a&SUrwuf? todNrJaeNyD; tjrifrrSefu vrf;aMumif;wvGJvGJ roJuGJwwf/ okdYaMumihfvQif xdkESpfckudk tkyfpkwpfcktjzpf zGJUpnf;ay;xm; &m\/ tkyfpkESpfckwdkY\ tay;t,l owdNrJrS todpGJ todNrJrS toduGJ tJ'g tkyfpkESpfckwGJ/ orm"dr*¾iftkyfpk\ tvkyfjzpfaom owdNrJNrJvmjcif;aMumifh orm"dedrdwf ay:xifvm&\/ ½kyf\ azmufjyefvIyf&Sm;aeyHkudk olYt&Sd twdkif; jrifodae&jcif;onf owdNrJaeygaMumif; oufaoxljcif;wnf;/ xdk jrifodrIonf owdNrJ&mrS todyg pGJvmNyDjzpf&um; orm"d

rS ynmodkY ul;0ifvmjcif;yifjzpf\/ aMu;rHkrSefjyifESihf rdrdrsufESm &ifqdkifrdavaomtcg rSet f Munf"mwfaMumihf rdr\ d rsuEf mS &dyf rSex f yd üf ay:xifvm onf/ xdkrsufESm&dyf rdrd\ rsufMunfjzihfMunhfu t&Sdtwdkif;jrifod vmonf/ xdkESpfrsKd; tusKd;ay:xGef;onhfyrm... orm"dtm;aMumihf orm"derd w d f ay:aygufvmjcif;? orm"dpw d f aMumihf ynmtjrif 0ifvmjcif;yifwnf;/ ynm0if xdktjriftod0,f.... owdtm;aMumihf todpGJ&mrS todNrJvmygaomfum;/ ynmr*¾iftkyfpkESihf orm"dr*¾iftkyfpkwdkY yl;aygif;rdMuavNyD/ rSwfoavmufyif...ododaeacsawmhonf/ odoavmufyif..rSwfrSwfaeacsawmhrnf/ þrSwfoavmufod? odoavmufrSwf[laom pum;&yfwGif ykAÁbm*ac: r*fodkYa&muf&ef\ a&SUajy;r*fig;yg;wdkY wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; 0ifa&mufaeNyDjzpf&m a&SUodkY wpxufwpfp wdk;íwdk;íom vmae awmhonfrSm rvGJNyD/ &SdorQ ukef;BuHK;vkyfaeaom Adkvfowd txufu trSwfESifhtod? todESihftrSwfwdkYwGif trSwfonf om OD;aqmif\/ trSwfwpfrSwfu pdwftpdk;&jcif;? odp&modjcif;? udavomy,fjcif;? oH;k udpw ö NyKd ief uf wpfcsuw f nf;Ny;D aMumif; aemufu qdkcJhNyD;jzpf\/ odkYaMumihf..... rSwfcsufwpfck\ ta&;ygyHkudk txl;av;pm;&acsrnf/ rSwfcsufwpfvHk;\ wefzdk;udkvnf; txl;yif ta&;xm;& acs rnf/ rSwfcsufowdonf r*¾iftm;vHk;\ OD;aqmifqdkonfudkvnf; rarhoihfacs/ owd j zih f t rS w f p k . ...orm"d t k y f p k wk y f N yD ; csnf N yD ; r[kwfavm/ owdtrSwfrS toduyf ynmtkyfpk wkyfNyD;csnfNyD; r[kwf avm/ trSwftodaMumihf uHvHkoDvtkyfpkyg ukefNyDr[kwfavm/ ,ckNyD;pD;cJhaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ü owduom a&SUaqmif cJ\ h / aemifNy;D pD;&rnfh vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;üvnf; owduom a&SUaqmif jzpfvdrhfrnf/

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

b,ft&mrqdk owdonfom OD;aqmifjzpf&m xdkowdonf r*¾ifrsm;0,f yJcl;pm;ozG,fyif/ ta&mifxdk;u t&dyfusrnf.... txufu qdkcJhaom owdOD;aqmif orm"dynmtkyfpk0if ig;yg;wdkY tvkyfudk,fpD olYwmudk,fhwm nDnDnmnm yl;wGJvkyfrdMuaom tcg... pdwfonf udavomtnpftaMu;rS uif;a0;&awmhum; txl;vnf; pifMu,f\/ txl;vnf; awmufyívm\/ pdwf\ MunfvifawmufyrIatmufrS jzwfoef;oGm;vmMu& aom ½kyf? emrfjzpfpOf trQifwef;BuD;onfvnf; 0ifEIef;xGufEIef; twdkif; yif tvGefvQif xif&Sm;vSacs\/ pl;pdkufMunhfvQifvnf; tMunhfcHvm \/ rIef0g;ysufjy,foGm;jcif;r&Sd/ xdk ½kyfjzpfpOf trQifwef;BuD;onf av½kyEf iS fh ESmoD;0½kyw f Ykd tcsi;f csi;f yGww f u kd rf Md u&mrS ay:vm jcif;aMumihf O*¾[edrw d q f &kd \/ ay:vGix f if&mS ;pGmwnfaeí orm"d edrw d f vnf; qdk&\/ pdwfwnfMunfrSom jrif&wwfí rSefedrdwfvnf; qdk& \/ tm½HkrSefrSom awGU&wwfí/ xdkorm"dedrdwfum; pdwfwefcdk; pdwfowdåwdkY MunfvifawmufyrI ta&mifxdk;&mrS t&dyfusvmjcif;yif/ owdrSwfom; xlxJcdkifcHhvmjcif;aMumifh pdwfodkY udavomrsm; 0ifa&mufruyfomNyD/ &m*pdwf ruyfvQif ESvHk;aoG;eD&Jjcif; r&SdacsNyD/ a'gopdwf ruyfvQif rnf;eufjcif; r&SdacsNyD/ arm[pdwfruyfvQif yspfcRJjcif; r&SdacsNyD/ ¤if;wdkYonf aevudkwm;aom wdrfyrmyif/ ,ckaomf ¤if;wdkY uif;pifacs&um; yuwd Munfvifoef&Y iS af ;om ESv;kH aoG;onf awmufy jcif;ESihfwuG jzpfay:vm&\/ pmrsuf E S m 22 rS Eightfold Path, the practice of the Wisdom- group of the Eightfold Path is undertaken. The three constituents of the concentration- group of the Eightfold Path come along together with the two constituents of the Wisdom-group of the Eightfold Path, . and these two sets are termed Pañcangikamagga (the five constituents of the Eightfold Path). These five form one group and together with the aforesaid three constituents of the Moralitygroup of the Eightfold Path, they become the Noble Eightfold Path. The mental restlessness disappears. However, this can be achieved only with great wisdom and strenuous effort. Understanding reality whenever contemplated After samma-dit.t.hi-ña-n.a (knowledge arising from Right Understanding) has become clear in respect of the whole body– whether in this existence or the next,– it becomes clearly evident, whenever one contemplates, that there, in reality, are no such things as puggala (person), individual, woman, man, "I", some body-else, head, leg, or hair, When such knowledge arises in him, the sakka-yadit.t.hi by which he delusively takes the hardness, etc., in the head as the head itself, disappears forever. Whenever he contemplates, there arises in him the Right Understanding of the real fact that there is no such thing as the head, but only a collection of elements.

ESvHk;aoG; oefYjyefYpifMu,fvmaomf.... xdEk v S ;kH aoG;udk rS&D aom raemtMunf"mwfvnf; tm;aumif; ívmawmh&m oefYjcif;ESihfwuG wnfjcif; Munfjcif;odkY a&muf&\/ xdkraemtMunf"mwfatmufrS wufcsDoufcsD jzwfoef;oGm; vmae&aom xdrI\ jzpfpOf trQifwef;BuD;onfvnf; ta&mifxdk;cH &ojzihf edrdwftjzpf t&dyfusvmawmhacs\/ þonfyif vuf&Sdp½dkufrS ynmp½dkufodkY ul;ajymif;jcif;wnf;/ þonfyif ,kwfnHhpdwfrS jrihfjrwfpdwfodkY toGifajymif;jcif; wnf;/ t&dyfedrdwfESihfpdwf wpfBudwfwnf;jzpfatmifom þodkYvQif rSwfpdwfwGif jzpf&dyfysuf&dyf xifvmavaomtcg Munhf&mrSt&Sd owdrjywfatmif BudK;pm;yg/ orm"dedrdwf....rsuf&dyfjywfrcH vufoyfarG;ay;yg/ xdktcg.... orm"dbm0 jynhf0vmawmh&um; edrdwfwef;BuD;onf... 1/ tvGefxif&Sm; yDjyifjcif;odkYvnf; qdkufvmap\/ 2/ tm½HkjyKvkdufonfESihf wrk[kwfcsif; txif;om;ay:vmap\/ 3/ tm½HkrSm;í aysmufuG,foGm;aomfrS wpfzef tm½Hk,lu ½kwfcsnf;yif ay:vmapwwf\/ t&if;ESD;qHk; rdwfaqGyrmodkY tqifhwufvmNyD/ rdwfqdkufvQif rdwfvdkufzdkY vdkvm\/ rdwfaumif;vQif rdwfaqmif;zdkYvnf;vkd\/ orm"dbufu t&Sdefwufaomf 0D&d,bufu wGef;ay;&ef wnf;/ rSwftm;jynhfí t&Sdxifaomf tod0if&efyifwnf;/ orm"dvGefaomf qGHUaewGefYaernfjzpfaomaMumihf/ o'¨gvGefaomf uGefYaeñGefYaernfjzpfaomaMumihf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) (Apply the same principle to the other parts of the body). Enjoying the three kinds of Happiness When, Right Understanding and Right Thinking, the two constituents of the Wisdom-group of the Eightfold Path, have been established in the whole body, the three vat.t.as of the apa-ya sam.sa-ra (round of rebirths in the Four Lower Worlds) completely disappear forever. That particular person is from that instant completely freed forever from the vat.t.a-dukkha of the apa-ya sam.sa-ra (the misery of being born in the Four Lower Worlds). He or she has reached and is established in sa-upa-disesa pat.hamanibba-na (the first stage of the Full Extinction of Defilements with the Groups of Existence still remaining) (i.e., he or she has become a sota-panna or one who belongs to the First Stage of Holiness.) However, as he has yet to acquire the knowledge of the characteristic of unsatisfactoriness (dukkhalakhan.a), there still remain in him tan.ha- (craving) and ma-na (conceit) which make him take delight in the pleasures of men, devas and Brahms, So he goes one enjoying those three kinds of pleasures as one who will be reborn in the higher planes successively, ie., a Bon-sinsan. This is the end of the brief exposition of the way to establish the Eightfold Path. . This is the end of Magganga- Dipani.

DHAMMA TALK "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

ynm&So d al wmfaumif;wdüYk wnfaom xl;jcm;onhf ynmtjym; (6) yg; oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) ynm&So d al wmfaumif;rsm;üomwnfaom ynmtjym; (6) yg; wdkYrSm (1) r[mynm/ (2) ykxkynm/ (3) [moynm/ (4) Z0eynm/ (5) wdu©ynm/ (6) edaAÁ"duynmwdkYjzpfavonf/ (1) r[mynmBuD;rm;rsm;jym;ukefaom? tw¬? "r®? ed½kwåd? y#dbme (4) yg;/ oDv? orm"d? ynm? 0drw k ?då 0drw k Ó då P'óe (5) yg;/ |mem|me 0d[m&? ormywf? opöm (3) yg;/ owdy|meftp&Sdaom aAm"dyu©d,w&m;pk (7) yg;/ t&d,zdkvf? tbdnmOf? edAÁmef (3) yg;/ aygif; þ (22) yg;aom w&m;wdkYudk odrf;,lodpGrf;Edkifaomynmonf r[mynmrnfav\/ (2) yk x k y nmtxl;xl;tjym;jym;aom cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? oknw (5) yg;/ tw¬? "r®? ed½kwåd? y#dbme (4) yg;/ oDv? orm"d? ynm? 0drkwåd? 0drkwådÓP'óe (5) yg;/ |mem|me 0d[m&? ormywf? opöm (3) yg;/ owdy|meftp&Sdaom aAm"dyu©d,w&m;pk (7) yg;/ t&d,zdkvf? tbdnmOf? edAÁmef (3) yg;/ aygif; þ (27) yg;aom w&m;wdkYudk odrf;,lodpGrf;Edkifaomynmonf ykxkynmrnfav\/ (3) [moynm&Tifvef;ESpfoufpGm? oDv? £`E´d,oH0&? abmZaerwånKwm? Zm*&d,mEka,m* (4) yg;/ oDvu©E¨ paom*kPaf us;Zl; (5)yg;/ |mem|me 0d[m&? ormywf? opöm (3) yg;/ aAm"dyu©, d w&m;pk (7) yg;/ t&d,zdv k ?f tbdnmOf? edAÁmef (3) yg;/ aygif; þ (22) yg;aom w&m;wdkYudk jynhfapwwfaomynmonf [moynmrnfav\/ (4) Z0eynmcE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;wdkYudk umv (3)

yg;? oEÅmef (2) yg;? Murf;Ek (2) yg;? ,kwfjrwf (2) yg;? eD;a0; (2) yg;? þodkY (11) yg;pD a0zefí? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; (12) yg;udk? umv (3) yg;jzihf a0zefí? tedpö? 'ku©? tewå[k t&Sdeft[kwfvsifjrefpGm t0dZÆm eda&m"odkYvnf;aumif;? (y) Z&m? r&P? eda&m"odkYvnf;aumif;? qdkufa&mufapEdkifaomynmonf Z0eynmrnf\/ (5) wd u © y nmudavom (umr? Asmyg'? 0d[d Hom? 0dwuf) tukodkvf (5) yg;/ &m*? a'go? arm[? aum"? Oyem[? ru©? yvmo? £óm? rpä&d ,? rm,moma|,s? xrÇom&rÇ? rme? twdrme? r'? yrm' (17) yg;/ tvHk;pHkaom udavom (1) yg;/ 'kp½dkuf? tbdocFg&? b0*grduH (3) yg;/ aygif; þ (28) yg;aomw&m;wdkYudk udavomcsif;xyfrl (27) yg;aomw&m;wdu Yk ?kd xufjrufvsijf refpmG jzwfwwf? y,fazsmufwwfaom wpfxkdiftwGif;ü? r*f (4) yg;? zdkvf (4) yg;? y#dorÇd'gÓPf (4) yg;? tbdnmOf (6) yg;wdkYudk? &apEdkifaom xufjrufaomynmonf? wdu© ynmrnf\/ (6) ed a AÁ " d u ynmocFg&w&m;wdkYü raysmfarGUyJ &m*? a'go? aum" t&Sdaom w&m; (17) yg;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? udavom? 'kp½dkuf? tbdocFg&? b0*grduH (4) yg;w&m;wku Yd v kd nf;aumif; azmufxiG ;f í odprG ;f Edik af om ynmonf edaAÁ"duynmrnfav\/ pmud k ; usrf ; rsm; rsm;/ / t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmfESifh t|uxm? o*gxm0*¾ oH,kwfygVdawmfESihf t|uxm? Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmfESihf t|uxm/ plVeda'´oygVdawmf? r[meda'´oygVdawmfEiS hf t|uxm? 'DCedum,ygVd awmfESifh t|uxm/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

pmrsuf E S m 17 rS ZD0u? bdouú[?k q&mhaus;Zl;? tm½Hjk rL;vsu?f txl;jrwfv?S oda0,s[?k b'´r*fvm? 0wfpHkvTmudk? aumif;pGmydkYap? ylaZmfapí? a&TESihfjrom? vdkufzufpGmodkY? b*0gtwkv? ruk#[k? ok*wwrGwf? yk*¾dKvfxGwfESihf? t0wfjrwfrmS ? xdu k w f ef&m[k? q&mZD0u? jrwfA'k t ¨ m;? b'´r*Fvm? 0wf½kH vTmudk? o'¨g&Tifvef;? ay;vSL'gef;? xl;qef;ouFef;awmf/ (5) rdaxG;awmfa*gwrD? raemMunfí? pD&ifjyKtyf? ay;vSLuyf? tjrwf ouFe;f awmf/ (6) ykuKú o[k? emrxif&mS ;? xdrk if;om;onf ? bk&m;jrwfpmG ? jynfacrmod?Yk <uumeD;eD;? a&mufvmNyD;vQif? tHhcsD;zG,fpHk? orm"d*kPfudk? tm½HkjyKum? ay;vSLygonhf? ,k*gr|? bj'[k? ok0PÖa&mifvQrf;? ajymifajymif&Trf;? ouFef;xl;jrwfygavaomf/ / jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f \ ouF e f ; a&mif (1) oDvu©eft|uxm jA[®mZmvokwftzGihf 56-ü? ok0PÖ 0aPÖpD0a&[kqdkonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ouFef;ta&mif (udk,f½HkouFef; a&mif) onf a&T0ga&mifjzpfonf/

(2) ¤if;t|uxm ayg|yg'okwt f zGifh 293-ü ok&wå'yk ¥ed0g aowGm[kqdkaomaMumifh? (u) oif;ydkifawmfrSm teDa&mifjzpfonf/ ,k*E¨&yAÁwH y&du©dydwGm|dwr[m arC0PÖHyHhokulvH {wHo0&*wH uwGm[kqdkaomaMumihf? (c) jrwfpGmbk&m;\ yHhokuludk,f½HkawmfouFef; onf? tndKa&mif[q k o dk ihaf omfvnf;? yanmif&u G ñ f eG ?Yf o&ufñeG aYf &mif [k tjcm;aom t|uxmwdüYk qdak omaMumihf eDnKd ajyajyta&mif&o dS nf [k qdkoifhygonf/ (3) rZÑdryPÖmot|uxm 14-ü? (u) &wå'ky¥ (y) ed0gao wGm[kqakd omaMumih?f oif;ydik rf mS teDa&mifyifjzpfonf/ (c) edaj*m"yv’ 0orme 0PÖH &wå0& yHhokulvH yg½kydwGm[kqdkaomaMumifh? yanmifyif &Guñ f eG aYf &mif? teDa&mifajyajytqif;&So d nf/ yanmifñeG rYf mS teDtndK a&m,Sufum teDa&mifajyajy&Sd\/ þonfum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ouFef;awmfta&mifjzpfayonf/ Ak ' ¨ j rwf p G m \txl ; zd e yf a wmf r sm; 'ouedygwf ocFZmwft|uxm 15- ü? om0w¬Nd rKd U Oyoum wpfOD;onf? bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom oHCmtm; 7 &ufywfvHk; qGrf;uyfí pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

tazhtvSnhfusawmh b,ftdk;rsKd;ESihf uRefawmf arQm&rvJ cif o l Z mjrih f jzL;NrdKU? 'ud©Pm½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ wynh f vnf ; jzpf ? 'g,umvnf ; jzpf a om armifpdef0if; onf NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;½Hk;ü 'kwd,tBuD;qHk; &mxl;jzihf wm0efxrf;aqmif aeoljzpfonf/ olonf rdrd\ txuft&m&Sd ajymif;oGm;u xdkae&mudk rdrd&&Sdrnfudkvnf; odxm;onf/ xdkt&m&Sdu pnf;urf;ESihf ywfouf urf; pnf;pepf&SdwJh tzdk;tdk wpfa,muf&SdowJ?h vk y f a e&wmvJ v d k Y a r;owJ h / tJ ' D t cgrS m í wif;MuyfpGm udkifwG,frI? vmbfay;vmbf,l tJ'Dtzdk;tdkrSm om;wpfa,mufESihf ajr;i,f zcif j zpf o l u om;Mum;zl ; w,f r [k w f v m;? rIudk cdk;jcif;(25)yg;xJwGif yg0ifí rvkyf&ef wpfa,muf&SdowJh? zciftzdk;tdku vkyfief; a&S;tcg u toHk;ruswJholawGudk ajray:rSm wif;MuyfpGmwm;jrpfrIwdkYtwGuf rausreyf pnf;urf;tusipfh nf;urf;ESifh ywfoufvmvQif pG e f Y y pf ? a&arQmpG e f Y y pf & owJ h / ,ck v J cHpm;csufuvnf;&Sdaeonf/ om;udk b,fawmhrS cGihfrvTwfbl;? tNrJqlyl rif;wdkYtzdk;u 'DavmurSm toHk;r0ifawmhbl; olYudka&arQmypf&r,f? tJ'Dtzdk;twGuf 'Dvdk odkYtwGuf xdkt&m&Sd jrefjreftNidrf; Burd ;f armif;qH;k rowJ/h pm; ,la&; odkYr[kwf þNrdKUe,frS a&TUajymif; om;uvJ olYb0 vGwfvGwfvyfvyf tdk;BuD;rsKd; jyKvkyfaewmaygYuG,fh} vdkYtajz oG m ;a&;ud k tNrJ v d k v m;NyD ; raumif ; aom olxif&m olvkyfcsifw,f? rw&m;enf;ESihf ay;owJ/h tJ't D cgrSm om;vkyo f u l twefMum pdwftBuHESihf tawG;tac:rsm;0ifaeonf/ BuD;yGm;csifw,f? csrf;omcsifw,faygYuG,f? tcGit fh a&;&vQif &ovdk xdt k &m&Su d kd tykwcf s tJ'gudk zciftzdk;tdku oHo&mtyg,fqif;&J pOf;pm;NyD; taz ,cktzdk;twGufawmh taz tremy twif;ajymum atmufvufi,fom; rSm cH&rnft h vkyrf Ykd om;udck spw f ahJ ZmESifh twif; u 'Dvdktkd;BuD;rsKd;vkyfw,f? tazhtvSnhfus rsm;ESihf wdkufay;avh&Sdonf/ xdktajctaeudk csKycf s,yf w d yf ifowJ?h tJ'gudk om;u rausreyf awmh uRefawmfu b,fvdktdk;rsKd;vkyfNyD; arQm& t&m&S d u &d y f r d o d & S d a omf v nf ; onf ; cH N yD ; jzpfNyD;'Dtzdk;BuD;&SdaeorQ igYb0 wdk;wufrSm rSmvJvdkYar;awmh zatcrsm yg;pyf ta[mif; olawmfaumif;pdwEf iS fh jyKjyifay;onf/ qH;k ray; r[kwfbl;? csKyfcs,frIyJ cHae&rSmbJ tJ'Dawmh om;ESihfjzpfNyD; tdk;vkyfrIudk &yfvdkuf&owJh? ,ck onf/ toHk;r0ifawmhwJholYudk a&xJ arQmypfwmyJ vJbJ rif;u rif;txufu t&m&Sdudk jyKwfap xdkt&m&Sdonf q&mawmfBuD;tm; aumif ; w,f q d k N yD ; a&td k ; BuD ; wpf v H k ; ud k vd k ajymif ; apvd k & if aemuf r if ; atmuf u f vnf; rif;udk 'Dvrkd sK;d vkyw f mcH&OD;rSmaygY vnf; qnf;uyfudk;uG,foljzpfí t&m&Sdu awmxJ o G m ;NyD ; wd w f w qd w f jyKvk y f o wJ h / yk*Kd¾ vu q&mawmf B uD ; tm; rd r d \ wynh f u d k qH k ; r awmxJrSm wpfa,mufwnf;vkyfí r& awmh uG,}f [k rdeMYf um;&m armifped 0f if;ESifh q&mawmf oGeo f ifraI y;&ef t&dyt f >rufajymjyNy;D avQmuf om;ud k y g tul t nD a c:oG m ;&wmud k ; uG J U ? a0,sm0pö ausmif;om;udk&ifwdkYrSm &,f&TifNyHK; xm;cJhonf/ td;k Bu;D udak v;ig;&ufvyk af eawmh zcifjzpfou l kd wHkY rNyHK;wHk &,farmMuavawmhonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f wpf a eY w G i f armif p d e f 0 if ; onf taz 'Dtkd;BuD;udk b,fae&mrSmoHk;zdkY 'Davmuf omoema&; ud p ö w pf c k j zih f q&mawmf x H a&mufvm&m q&mawmfu tbdZÑm? Asmyg' pmrsuf E S m 25 rS qdk;0g;rI? wPSm? rme? 'd|dqdkaom yyÍöw&m; aemufqHk;aeYwGif y&du©&mtvHk;pHkudk vSL'gef;\/ txl;ojzihf zdeyfudk tzdk;wefOD;pm;ay;í rsm;u ,ckvlYb0uae i&Jb0usEkdifrI? olrsm; vSL'gef;onf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; tojymwpfaxmifwefzdeyfudk vSL'gef;\/ t*¾om0uESpfyg;wdkYtm; udk raumif;BuHu udk,fomcH&wwfrI? oHo&m ü raumif;aom b0üBuHK&rI? taumufBuH ig;&mwefvSL'gef;NyD;? <uif;aomoHCmtm; wpf&mwefzdeyfrsm;udk vSL'gef;av\/ þonfum; r[kwfrrSef vkyfcJhwJhol[m avmuOyrmyHkjyif Ak'¨vufxufawmfü Ak'¨jrwfpGmtm;vSL'gef;tyfaom wpfaxmifwefzdeyftxl;wnf;/ jrefrmjynfü pG,fpHkausmfxifowfyHkykpämusrf;jyKusnf;uef&SifBuD; [k ausmfMum;aom tazh tvS n h f u sawmh b,f v d k t d k ; rsKd ; ES i h f uRefawmfarQm&rvJqdkwJh yHkjyifvdk tusKd;ay; &SifeE´"Zonf? jrefrmouú&mZf 1160- ckESpfcefYwGif? Ak'¨jrwfpGmtm; &nfrSef;í? rEÅav; wwfouGJU? cEÅDarwåmxm;NyD; b0wdk;wufa&;? aumif;rIawmfbk&m;ü xl;qef;aom zdeyfBuD;ESifhawmifa0S;awmfBuD;wdkYudk vSL'gef;avonf/ zdeyfawmfBuD;rSm tvsm;oHk;axmifteHwpfaxmihfxGm rSefpDa&Tcsjzpfavonf/ atmifjrifa&;udk &Sm&ouGJU[kqdkqHk;ronf/ (opömbm0Dusrf;? 192) ]q&mawmf b k & m; yH k j yif O yrm "r® 0 D & oEÅ m atmif t"dyÜg,fuav; tus,fodyg&apbk&m;} tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f / ]at; em;axmif a&S;u tvGefpnf;

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eD;ayr,fhvnf; rNyD;cJhbl; wuú o d k v f v S a rmif

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om;uav;tm; vrf;ESirhf eD;ra0;pGeyYf pfxm;wJh tcg? tb,rif;om;uvnf; eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&muf awmh r*Fvm&xm;jyifNy;D oGm;pOf twdkif; eef;awmf0ef;usifoGm;a&muf ppfaq; Munhf½Iaomf NrdKUwHcg;jyifbuf usD;? vif;w? acG;owå0gwdkY uav;tm; tpmrSwf? tem;u 0dik ;f aeMupOf rif;om;jrifawmh tcsi;f wdYk tcif; pHpk rf;Muap [k rdeaYf wmfral wmh vlysKad wmfrsm;u oGm;umMunhfNyD; rSefvSyg t&Sifhbkef;awmf aMumif h ? cspf p &muav;i,f j zpf a Mumif ; yg bk&m;[k avQmufxm;awmh toufeJYvm;? rSefvSyg touf&Sifvsuf&SdaMumif;ygbk&m;? touf & S d w mjzih f (ZD 0 u)[k trnf w G i f a p [k q d k u m cspf c if w J h a pwemES i h f tao tcsmaumuf,lauR;arG;awmfrlvdkY (aumrm&bpö ) rif ; om;&,f v d k Y trnf ay;jyef? wpfq,fhav;ESpf t&G,fa&mufawmh oli,fcsif;wdkYESihf upm;&mrSwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjiif;tcHkcdkuf&efjzpfonfhtcg a[h ZD0u rif;[mtrdrJhom;tkwfMum;jrufayguf? t&Suf taMumufr&Sd? vrf;ab;rSaumuf,larG;xm; wJholjzpfw,f? b0ifrjrihfygeJY? oli,fcsif;wdkYrS þodkYajymqdkvdkufaomf (ZD0u) vGefpGmrS &Suf NyD; olwdkYajymwm [kwfacsrnf/ ol w d k Y r S m awmh trd t zaqG r sKd ; wd k Y pm;p&mrsm;pGmvma&muf auR;arG;jyKpMk u? igYrmS awmh 'Dvdkr[kwfygvm;? pOf;pm;vsuf zcrnf; awmf(tb,rif;om;xH) olq Y E´&o dS rQ? rdbESpf

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jzm ol i god a p&ef jref r Mumar;rS y J q d k N yD ; tm;wif ; um crnf ; awmf b k & m;...... uRefawmfrsKd;\ rdcifzcif rnfolrnf0gqdkwm zG i h f [ íajymjy awmf r l y gbk & m;? xd k t cg (tb,rif;om;)u cspo f m;? oif\arG;rdcifEiS fh zcif w d k Y o nf rnf o l rnf 0 gqd k w m igrod ? igonf arG ; pm;aom zcif omjzpf o nf / om;awmf þuJhodkY zcif\ pum; (ZD0u) Mum;od & aomf igonf þuJ h o d k Y ae&jcif ; onf 0rf ; 0½H k c g;vS ½ H k o m &S d a csonf / vl Y a vmuü twwf y nm wpf p H k w pf & m xl ; cRef w wf a jrmuf j cif ; r&S d y gu wpf o uf wm vl w umwd k Y x uf atmuf w ef ; us? pm;0wf a ea&;cuf a csrnf / wpf p H k w pf c k aomynmwdkYxuf? vlcyfodrf;wdkYvnf; ½dkao av;pm;? trsm;ol i g tusKd ; rsm;apaom ynmudk igoifum ,lavrS? bk&m; trSL;&Sad om &[ef;oHCmESihf jynfoltrsm; usef;rmjcif; tjzmjzm aq;ynmoifum ukavrS? tjcm; twwf y nmwd k Y x uf rG e f j rwf a yrnf [ k qH k ; jzwf u m vS n f ; uk e f o nf r sm;xH o G m ;? bwdkYcifAsm;... bwdkYwdkif;jynf? aq;ynm oifrnfh q&m&Sdygovm;? &SdygYuG,f/ 'dom ygarmu© q&mBuD;u vmorQwynhftaygif; aq;ynmoifay;aew,f/ vdkufvdku bwdkY vSn;f ay:wufyg[kajymí ZD0uvSn;f ukeo f nf wdEYk iS v fh u kd o f mG ;av\/ 'domygarmu© q&mBu;D xHa&muf? ½dk½dkaoaoESihf OD;wifvdkY uefawmh vdu k f 'domygarmu©q&mBu;D uvnf; trlt&m ud, k t f *FgtaotcsmMunhv f u kd af wmh þoli,f um; wdupd mä aq;twwfoifay;u t"dtarmf ynmausmfjzpfacsrnf[k pOf;pm;vsuf q&mxH a&mufvmonfhudpözGihf[vdkY ajymygOD; tarmif &JU? aq;ynmtwwfoifvdkí vmjcif;jzpfyg w,f/ q&mocif? tojymoGif;vdkYoifrvm;? tdrfrIudpöaqmif&Gufí oifrvm;? rSefvSyg? q&mpm;yPÖvufaqmifoGif;&rnfudk trSef rodv?Ykd q&mtdrt f rIupd aö qmif&u G Nf y;D rS oifvkd ygonf/ aumif;vSygNyD? igYwynfh usrf;tukef tpGr;f ukef q&moif? BuKd ;pm;í oif,al yawmh Asm;? ZD0uvnf; aq;twwf ynmoifESpfu (7)ESpv f m&if;u (14)ESpf toufppf(21)t&G,f MuvdrYk S aq;twwfynmukeq f ;kH atmif oifae rSjzihf toufarG;cufacsrnf/ q&mxHoGm; q&mBuD ; uvnf ; ZD 0 uawG U &S d a wmh tm* a,musfm;? BuD;rm;wJhÓPf? igq&m oifjy&ef aq;twwfynmuvnf;ukef trsm;jynfol csD;rGrf;cH&r,fholygyJ/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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ypf & ef a[mMum;ol [ k qk d v k d & if ; jzpf \ / þ,l q csuf r S m vnf ; aumif ; rG e f a eojzih f ykPÖm;BuD;rjiif;uG,fEkdifaomtcsufjzpfonf/ t&nf t csif ; &S d a om ajzMum;rI r sm;om a0&ÍÆmykPÖm;BuD;onf jrwfAk'¨tm; trsKd;rsKd;aom pGyfpGJcsufrsm;wifonf/ jrwfAk'¨ uvnf; usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfpGm ajzMum;onf/ xkad jzMum;csurf sm;onf El;nHah omajzMum;csuf rsm;jzpf\/ at;Nidrf;aomajzMum;csufrsm;jzpf \/ usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfaomajzMum;csufrsm; jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh ykPÖm;BuD;\rauseyfrIrsm;? wif;rmrIrsm;? txifao;rIrsm; wjznf;jznf; avsmhusoGm;onf/ ykPÖm;BuD;onf Ak'¨\pum;awmfrsm; tay: tm½kHpl;pkdufvm\/ rnfokdYaompum; rsm; qufvufMum;&vdrhfrnfvJ [k apmihfpm; vm\/ þwGifrS jrwfAk'¨u ykPÖm;BuD;tm;b,f M uuf t BuD ; qk H ; vJ ykPÖm;BuD;? oifhukd avmuOyrm wpfcak r;rnf/ [kww f idk ;f rSe&f mqkyd gav/ ykPmÖ ; BuD;? MuufrBuD;u MuufOrsm; Oxm;NyDqkdyg awmh/ MuufOxJu Muufuav;awGaygufvm NyDqkdygawmh/ b,fMuufu tBuD;qkH;vJ/ b,f Muufukd tBuD;qkH;vdkY ac:rnfvJ/ yk P Ö m ;BuD ; / &[ef;a*gwr? 'gu t&Si;f av;yJ/ t&ifq;Hk aygufonhMf uufudk tBu;D qk;H MuufvdkYac:&rSmayhg/ Ak ' ¨ / ykPmÖ ;Bu;D þtwdik ;f rSe\ f / igonf avmuwGif t0dZmÆ OcGeu f dk xGi;f azmuf í tOD ; qk H ; ayguf z G m ;ol j zpf \ / xk d Y a Mumih f avmuwGif igomtBuD;qkH;jzpf\/ a0&ÍÆmykPÖm;BuD;onf todÓPf &ihfusufoljzpf\/ qifjcifwkHw&m;vufukdif xm;oljzpf\/ jrwfAk'¨*kPfowif;ukd apmpD;pGm uyif Mum;xm;NyD;oljzpf\/ odkYaomf jAm[®P rmefu umqD;xm;\/ ausmaf pmrI? *kPo f wif; BuD;rm;rI? <u,f0csrf;omrIwdkYu ydwfqkdYxm;\/ xkdYaMumifhvnf; jrwfAk'¨tm; rqifrjcifpGyfpGJ jypf w if c J h \ / Ak ' ¨ \ at;aq; Muif e maom arwåmtaiGUvTrf;aom ajzMum;rIwdkYu ol\ twårmewdkYukd wpfvTmcsif; uGmusapaom tcg El;nHhjcif;? odrfarGUjcif;taiGUwdkY xGufay: vmonf/ xkaYd Mumihf wynhrf sm;bufov Ykd n S í fh rod j cif ; w&m;qk d w m w,f N yD ; puf q k y f z G , f aumif;ygvm; u½kdU ]"d&w¦KH a& tnmPH} [k a&&G w f v k d u f o nf / ol \ a&&G w f r I o nf t"dyÜg,f&SdaypG/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 32 rS aqmif j zpf \ / &[ef ; wd k Y t0d Z Æ m ES i h f j ynh f p k H aom ynmrJ h t m; rS m ;aomtjrif r d p ä m 'd | d jzpf E k d i f \ / rS m ;aomtjrif & S d o l t m; rS m ; aomtBuH r d p ä m ouF y Ü j zpf E k d i f \ / rS m ;aom tBuH & S d o l t m; rS m ;aompum;rd p ä m 0gpm jzpf E k d i f \ / rS m ;aompum;&S d o l t m; rS m ; aomtvkyf rdpämur®EÅjzpfEkdif\/ rSm;aom tvk y f & S d o l t m; rS m ;aomtouf a rG ; rI r d p ä m ZD 0 jzpf E k d i f \ / rS m ;aomtouf a rG ; rI & S d o l tm; rS m ;aomtm;xk w f r I rd p ä m 0g,rjzpf Ek d i f \ / rS m ;aomtm;xk w f r I & S d o l t m; rS m ; aomatmuf a rh r I r d p ä m owd j zpf E k d i f \ / rS m ; aomatmuf a rh r I & S d o l r sm; rS m ;aomwnf MunfrIrdpämorm"djzpfEkdif\}} [k a[mawmf rlcJhygonf/ xkdYaMumihf rdpäm'd|donf tukodkvf w&m;wkdYjzpf&ef 'kwd,a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmif[k qkd&ayrnf/ 0dpdudpämudavomonf oHo,&Sd jcif;jzpfonf/ ukpm;&efcJ,Of;aomoabm onf 0dpdudpämrnfygonf/ bk&m;tp&SdonfwdkY ü ,kHrSm;jcif;vu©Pm&Sd\/ wkefvIyfjcif;udpö &Sd\/ ta,medaomreodum& (roihfravsmf ESvkH;oGif;jcif;) vQif eD;aomtaMumif;y'|mef &Sd\/ tusihfy#dywf\tEÅ&m,fukd jzpfapwwf aomw&m;[kvnf; rSwftyfygonf/ oH o ,onf vG e f p G m aMumuf p &m aumif;\/ oHo,aMumifh rdom;pkpdwf0rf;uGJ wwfMu\/ rdwfaqGrsm; ckduf&efa'gojzpfum vrf;cGJMu&\/ wpfEkdifiHESihfwpfEkdifiH ppfjzpfMu &\/ xko d o H ,onf avmuDta&;wGio f mru avmukwå&mta&;wGifvnf; qkd;usKd;ay;wwf yd#uwfawmfwiG f jrwfA'k E¨ iS fh jAm[®P ykPÖm;wdkY awGUqkHaqG;aEG;Muaom okwfaygif; rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ odkYaomf azmfjycJhaom trÁ|? uod b m&'G g Z? a0&ÍÆ m yk P Ö m ;wd k Y a vmuf Zmwdrmefcufxefaom jAm[®PykPÖm;rsm; r&Sdygay/ þykPÖm;wdkYum; twåpGJ? rmepGJ? ynmpG J B uD ; vG e f ; ol r sm;jzpf a csonf / odkYaomf olwdkYonf jrwfAk'¨\xl;jcm; m wk r rD a om wih f w ,f a om Oy"d v u© P m? todynm nm? usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfpGm ajyma[m aom 0pemr*¾ w d k Y u k d emMum;&aomtcg jrifhjrwfaomw&m;xl;ukd &&SdoGm;onfomjzpf onf/ OD ; atmif x G w f (&ef u k e f w uú o d k v f ) quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf tñT e f ; - "r®y'? yg&mZduH t|uxm

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ ]]arar azazu ay;ckdif;vkdufwm? ararh...}} uRefrrSm toHukd rnfrQyifxdef;í ajymapumrl tqkH;owfatmifyif ajymEkdifpGrf; r&Scd yhJ g/ qkeYd pf0ifomG ;aomtoHaMumihf &yfxm; vkduf&ygonf/ ararhvufwGif;okdY yef;oD;pdwf av;ukx d nhNf y;D csed ?f arar\ NyK;H a,mifoef;oGm; aomrsuEf mS ukd uRerf qufvufrMunh&f ufEidk f yg/ MunfhEkdifonhftm;yifr&Sdawmhyg/ arar owdaumif;vGe;f vSygonf/ 0gacgif v jynh f a usmf 15 &uf (vuG,faeY) xkad eYonf uRerf wdt Yk bk;d tbGm;rsm; tpOftquf jyKjyifxdef;odrf;um qufvuf wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhaom uRefrwdkYaexkdifcJh&m Zmwdajr&Sd a&Teef;OD;awmifxdyfay:wGif&Sdaom ]eef;OD;} bk&m;BuD;\ qGrf;BuD;avmif;vSLaom bk&m;yGJaeYjzpfygonf/ araru eef;OD;bk&m; yG J a wmf u k d tNrJ p nf u m;ap&ef ES p f p Of O D ; pD ; aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ ,ckuJhodkY aorif;ESihf &ifqkdifwdkufyGJ0ifae&onhftcsdefrSmyif owd& vmonht f cgwdik ;f pum;ajymEkid o f nht f cgwdik ;f bk&m;yGJtwGuf rSmp&m&Sdonfrsm;ukd rSmMum;cJh ygonf/ eHeuf 9 em&D? 15 rdepf? eef;OD;bk&m; yGJawmf qGrf;awmfBuD;avmif;vSLyGJ pwifusif;y csdef/ ]]'umrBuD; usKyf&JUtoHukdyJ tao tcsm em;pkdufxm;? wjcm; b,fukdrS pdwfrvGihf apeJY}} arar\ab;em;&Sd ukvm;xkid af y:wGif xkdufawmfrlNyD; o&P*kHwifay;aeaom yckuúL NrKdU tv,fwkdufq&mawmf OD;0dpm& ukd,f awmfjrwftm; &nfajr§mfí ,cifu vIyf&Sm;rI jyK&ef cJ,Of;vSaom vufESpfzufukd &ifbwf xuf0,fwifNyD; vuftkyfcsDrkd; &Sdckd;aeonfrSm arartoufxGufoGm;onhftcsdefodkYwkdifyif jzpfygonf/ arar nifompGmjzihf toufukefqkH; oGm;cJhygNyD/ ]]'umrBuD;[m rdcifaumif;wpfOD;&JU wm0efawGukd aumif;rGefausyGefpGm aqmif&Guf oGm;EkdifcJhNyD? usef&pfcJhwJh om;orD;awGtaeeJY om;orD;usihf0wfawGeJY nDñTwfatmif aexkdif oGm;Muayawmh}} [k rdefYMum;um q&mawmf OD;0dpm& t&Sifoljrwf jyefvnf<uoGm;cJhygNyD/ uRerf wdt Yk m;vk;H toHxu G í f rid&k MJ u yg/ tdrftay:xyf&Sd aoG;oGif;í toufvkae

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rd b rsm;omjzpf y gonf / ,cktcg uRefrtm;awmf½kHwef½kH a0'emukd cHEkdif&nf&Sd atmif aewwfzdkY arar ]tarG} ay;cJhygonf/ b0\'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;pGmudk tHBudwfí &ifpnf;cHum wif;xm; awmifhxm;Ekdifaom pdwf"gwfukdvnf; arar tarGay;cJhygonf/ ,ckb0taMumif;qufonf ,cifu rdrdjyKcJhorQaom taMumif;w&m; rsm;aMumif h ,ck rd r d a emuf o d k Y t&d y f y rm vk d u f y g&jcif ; jzpf o nf [ l a om ]uH } \ tusKd ; quf r sm;ud k od & S d e m;vnf a p&ef vnf ; arar tarG a y;cJ h y gonf / arwå m "gwf w &m; vT r f ; NcKH x m;um cEÅ D o nf ; cH Ek d i f p G r f ; tm;uk d v nf ; arar tarG a y;cJ h y g onf/ xkdrQ þrQ a&wGufírukefEkdifaom ]tarGaumif;} rsm;pGmukd ay;cJhaom uRefr \arar.. zm;ol i ,f a v; Mumyef ; \&eH Y u k d ½SL½SKdufrdygavp? zm;oli,fav;yrm NyKH;&,f aeEkdifygrnfvm; [laom pkd;&drfylyefpdwfrsm;pGm u uRefr\&ifukd rMumcP ylavmifapcJh ygonf/ rdcifwdkif; þodkY aumif;aomtarG rsm;ukd ay;EkdifMuNyD; vkdufemEkdifpGrf;&Sdaom om;orD;rsm; wkd;yGm;jzpfay:vmEkdifrnfqkdygu þurÇ m ajravmuBuD ; wpf c k v k H ; om,mrI taygif;ESihf jynhfpkHaeEkdifrnfjzpfygawmhonf/ teEÅ*kdPf;0if aus;Zl;&Sif ]rdb} rsm; tm; þpmpOfjzihf *kPfwif *g&0jyKvkdufyg onf/ ouf y d k i f N id r f ; (½k u © a A')

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Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ xl;jcm;aomouFef;awmfrsm;

Distinctive Robe worn by the Buddha "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f )

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; qifjref;0wf½Hkawmfrlonhf xl;jcm;aom ouFe;f awmfrsm;? ouFe;f ta&mifrsm;ESifh Ak'j¨ rwfpmG tm; vSL'gef;tyfaom xl;jcm;aom zdeyfawmfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í ygVdyd#uwfawmf? t|uxm? #Dum ponfhomoem0ifusrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyonfwdkYudk avhvmí? MunfndKo'¨gyGm; okwynmjzpfMupdrfhaomiSm? xkwfEIwfpkaqmif;í a&;om;wifjytyfygonf/

Ak ' ¨ & S i f a wmf j rwf b k & m;\ xl ; jcm;aomouF e f ; rsm; (1) yXrouF e f ; awmf jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmf od'¨w¬rif;om;awmxGufí taemfrmjrpfurf;ü &[ef;jyKaomtcg C#dum&jA[®m vSL'gef;tyfaom yXrurÇmOD;MumouFe;f awmf/ (Ak'¨0Ho? t|uxm? 333) (2) 'k w d , ouF e f ; awmf jrwfpGmbk&m; O½ka0vawmü oDwif;oHk;aomtcg ykyfyGí yd;k avmufusaeaom ykPmÖ rnfaom uRerf \tavmif;aumifukd &pfywf xm;aom ydu k q f aH vQmt f 0wfukd yHo h u k al umuf,í l 0wf½akH wmfrt l yfaom 'kw, d yHo h u k o l uFe;f awmf/ xdo k uFe;f udk aumuf,pl Oftcgu r[myx0D ajrBuD; wkefvIyf&onf/ (0de,yd#uwf? ygVdawmf? 37) (3) wwd , ouF e f ; awmf &Sirf [muóy&[ef;jzpfptcgü Ak'j¨ rwfpmG onf &Sirf [muó y\ omrnouFe;f udk tvSLcHawmfrí l rdr\ d tvGex f ;l jrwfaom yHo h u k l ouFef;udk &Sifr[muóytm; ay;oem;csD;ajr§mufum ouFef;csif;vJ vS,í f om"m&PoHabm*tm;jzihf 0wf½akH wmfro l nf/ xdt k cgü ajrBu;D onf onf;pGmwkefvIyfavonf/ &Sirf [muóytm; yHo h u k o l uFe;f cs;D ajrm§ ufawmfro l jzih?f (1) &Sifr[muóyonf "kwif 13- yg;udk wpfoufvHk;aqmifawmfrlonf/ (2) rdrdqkyefcJhaom "kw0g' ("kwif) {w'*fbGJU&awmfrlonf/ (3) tNrJ xm0&yif eda&m"ormywfudk 0ifpm;awmfrlonf/ (4) Ak'¨jrwfpGm y&dedAÁmefpHaomtcg ouFef;awmfudk udk,fESihfxyfwloHk;aqmifawmfrlí xl;jrwfaom yHhokulouFef;awmfudk csD;ajr§mufjcif;aus;Zl;awmfa<u;udk qyfaomtm;jzihf? yxro*Fg,emwifí omoem (5000) &Snfjrihfav atmif omoemjyKawmfrlonf/ (5) udk,fawmfjrwfESihfxyfwlouFef; vJv, S o f ;kH aqmifawmfro l jzihf oHCmtm;vH;k wdu Yk t&Sirf [muóytm; jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifuJhodkYyif av;pm;MunfndKMuavonf/ þum; xl;qef;tHhMozG,faumif;aom wwd,ouFef;awmf wnf;/ (0d? 1? |? 5? tH? |? y 142-143) pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y