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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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jyóemwwfEdkifw,f/ rcHEdkifjzpfwwfw,f/ Oyrm- vlMum;olMum;xJ rajymoihfwmajymrdvdkY taESmuft,Sufjzpf&w,f/ 'gaMumihf pum;ajymwJhtcgrSm ajymoihfovm;¿? ajymoifhwJh tcsdefvm;¿ qdkwm pOf;pm;qifjcif&r,f/ 'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wdkYtaeeJY 'DuaeYupNyD;awmh pum;ajymawmhr,fqdk&if ajymoihfwJhtcsdefrSom ajymr,f/ rajymoifw h t hJ csed q f &kd if rajymbl;/ 'Dvkd pdwq f ;kH jzwfxm;Edik &f r,f/ pum;ajymqd k & mü vd k u f e m&rnh f t csuf r sm; Ak'j¨ rwfpmG &JU pum;eJaY jymr,fq&kd if ]]umave 0u©mrd? aem tumave}}? ajymoihw f t hJ csed u f mvrSomvQif ajymr,f/ ]]tumave}} tcsdefrwefwJhtcgrSm ]]aem 0u©mrd}} igrajymbl;wJh? 'gvnf; vkdufem oifhwJh tcsufwpfckygyJ/ aemufwpfcku bmajymovJ¿ qdk&if ]]blawe 0u©mrd aem tblawe}} vlawGu [kwfwmvnf; ajymwmyJ/ r[kwfwmvnf; ajym wmyJ/ [kww f mr[kww f mtukev f ;kH udk ajymaeMuwmygyJ/ 'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd ]]blawe 0u©mrd}} [kwfrSefwmudkomvQif ajymr,f/ ]]aem tblawe}} r[kwrf rSew f mudk igrajymygbl;vdYk a[mxm;w,f/ 'gu 'kw, d oEé|d mef csxm;NyD;awmh vdkufemusihfoHk;&r,f/ aemufwpfcu k avmuvlawGu pum;ajymwmudk odyNf y;D awmh ra&G;cs,fbl;/ ]]oaPSe 0u©mrd? aem z½kaoe}}/ oaPSe 0u©mrdEl;nHhodrfarGUpGmajymr,f/ aem z½kaoe- Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf; rajymyg bl;wJ/h avmuvlawG[m pdwfMunfvifaewJhtcgrSm csdKomaom pum;? El;nHhodrfarGUaompum;udkajymw,f/ pdwfqdk;a'gojzpfwJhtcgrSm awmh Murf;wrf;½dik ;f jywJph um;awGukd qdv k mMuw,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;u igpum;ajymwJhtcgrSm El;nHhodrfarGUpGmajymr,f/ Murf;wrf;NyD; ½dkif;pdkif;wJhpum; rajymygbl;vdkY pdwfqHk;jzwfcsufcsxm;&r,fwJh/ 'gu wwd,wpfckaemf/ aemufwpfcsufu ]]tw¬oH[dawe 0u©mrd? aem tew¬oH [dawe}} wJh/ tw¬oH[dawe 0u©mrd- tusKd ;&Sw d phJ um;udo k m ajymr,f wJ/h aem tew¬oH[dawe- tusdK;rJhwJhpum;udk rajymqdkbl;wJh/ avmurSm vlawGu pum;ajymwJhtcg tusdK;&SdwmawGudk csnf; ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ tusdK;r&SdwJh pum;awGudkvnf; ajymMuw,f/ tusdK;taMumif; qDavsmfrI&Sdwmudkcsnf;ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ tusdK;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

pH j yrd b

&ifcwf qnf;vnf; Ä

wPSmxJrSm? wPSm&Smí tmomqE´? rjynhf0Ekdif... rodxJrSm? rod&Smí jyefvmcJhrnf od r&SdEkdif...

Ä

b0o½kyf? 0JZvkwfrSm tm;xkw[ f efysuf urf;rwufEidk .f . em;axmifprf;aqG onfajray:wGif? onf0ef;usifrSm em;qif&rnfh? oHpHk&SdcJh NidMuawmhav? awGMuapaom vGihfarsmvGihfyg;? toHrsm;rS cHpm;Munhf&ef? qnf;vnf;oHum;

Ä

Ä

oEÅmefcsrf;jr? pdwfat;jrzG,f wPSmxJrSm? wPSm&Smí tmomqE´? rjynhf0aMumif; rodxJrSm? rod&Smí &vmavrnfh? od r&SdMu b0o½kyf? 0JZvkwfrSm tm;xkwf[efysuf? urf;rwufEkdif Nidrfoufat;at;? oHpOfav;om aw;[krrnf..pnf;e&Dudkuf em;pGifhcdkufrSm? &ifNidvmzG,f csrf;omokc? ay;a0iS ,lwwfayrS? &EkdifpG.... bG i f ; bG i f ;

bçrd ocif? aus;Zl;&SifwdkY oifwdkYarG;zGm;? &ifaoG;rsm;ukd pm;çae jynfhpkH? xm;Ekdif½kHjzihf ukHvkHjynhf0? rdb0wfaus rrSwaf vESi?fh ausmif;aevnf;aysmf? pm;vnfawmf atmif tajrmftjrif? qifjcifpdwfxm; jynhfpkHjim;atmif? wkdif;um;jynf&Gm bmomvlrsKd;? *kPfa&mifn§Kd;rnhf pdwfokd;pdwfykyf? pdwf,kwfpdwfrm uif;yuGmatmif? oHompcef;? vGwfvrf;rnfyg 'geçoDvçbm0em ukd? pdwfrSmrGrf;xkH vTrf;NcKHEkdifatmif? pGrf;aqmifaprS rdb0wfaus? rSwf&ayrnf {uefpHjy rdbwdkY/ 0PÖ O D ; ({&majr)

uef a wmh y ef ;

tÍÆvD yPmr? pmovdkY OD;wif xm0& zl;csifonf? rSL;ocif xGwfxm; jrwfAk'¨ omoem0ifrSm urÇmwpfcGif ESHYodausmfMum; "r®"gwftvif;a&mif cGif;tarSmif z,f&Sm; 0if;ajymifum u,fjim; tyg,frvm;zkdY a0ae edAÁmefaomif wpfzufurf;okdY wufvSrf;vdkY ydkYcJhygay Nidrf;csrf;vsuf urÇmajr omoemtarG vQrf;yvdkY prf;wrQ vyrm? csrf;jrvSwm/ vSrf;MupdkY eef;r trwmudk vrf;jyq&m ñTefwdkif;yav;/ þuefawmhyef;jzifh 0dyóemw&m;jy q&mBuD; OD;bciftm; ylaZmfygonf/ Munf v G i f

taMumif;rqDavsmw f mudv k nf; ajymMuw,f/ rqDrqdik af jymwwfMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh wpfcsdKUu rqDrqdkifpum;awGvmrajymeJYvdkY ajymMuw,f/ ]]tw¬oH[dawe 0u©mrd}} tusdK;taMumif;qDavsmfwJh tusdK;&SdwJh pum;udkom igajymr,f/ ]]aem tew¬oH[dawe}} tusdK;r&SdwJhpum; udk igrajymbl;vdkY t"d|mefygwJh/ aemufwpfcsufu ]]arwåpdawåm 0u©mrd? aem a'goEÅa& e}} vlawG pum;ajymNyq D &kd if pdwMf unfaewJt h csed rf mS awmh aumif;aumif; rGerf eG af jymw,f/ pdwrf Munfb;l qd&k if a'goxGuaf eNyq D &kd ifawmh ajymwJh pum;[m a'gooHygvmw,f/ aumif;aumif;rGefrGefrajymawmhbl;/

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) tyk w å u ao|d 0w¦ K Ak ' ¨ & S i f a wmf j rwf o nf aZw0ef ausmif;awmfü aeawmfral omtcg tvGew f &m ESajrm pkHrufwwfaom olaX;BuD;wpfa,muf aoí tarGcHr&SdaomaMumihf Opömrsm;pGmonf rif ; b@mjzpf a vNyD [ k aumovrif ; BuD ; avQmuf&mwGif ]][eEÅd abm*g 'kar®"H}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ [eEÅd abm*g 'kar®"H? aem p yg&*a0odaem/ abm*wPSm, 'kar®a"m?

[EÅd tan0 twåeH/ jref r muAsm ynmrJhtm; pD;yGm;owfwm? edAÁmef&Smwwf n§Of;owfEkdifyg? tjcm;olrsm; owfjim;yrm? pnf;pdrfruf owfzsufukd,fhukdom/ Riches ruin the foolish, but not those in quest of the Beyoned (Nibbana); through craving for riches, the foolish one ruins himself as (if he were ruining) others.

pum;ajy/ / pnf;pdrfOpömwdkYonf ynmrJh aomolukd n§if;qJowfjzwfukef\/ oHo&m [kdbufurf; (edAÁmef) ukd&SmrDS;aomolwdkYtm; pnf;pdrfOpömtwGufwyfrufaomwPSmjzihf olwyg;wdu Yk dk n§O;f qJowfjzwfouJo h Ykd rdru d , dk f ukd zsufqD;owfjzwf\/

'gaMumifrh Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;u rdru d , kd u f kd aqmufwnfxm;ygwJ/h arwåpdawåm 0u©mrd- pum;ajymwJhtcgrSm ]]arwåmpdwfeJYajymr,f}} wJh/ aem a'goEÅa&e- ]]a'gopdwfeJY rajymygbl;}} vdkY rdrdudk,fudk aqmufwnfxm;&ygr,fwJh/ a[m.. pum;ajymwJt h cgrSm wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D arwåm"mwfawG jzpfzdkY rdrdudk,fudk vdkufemxm;&r,hftcsuf/ udk,fudk,fwdkifu t&if vkdufemxm;&r,f/ xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&r,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

csrf;omav;jzm jynfhpkHygap rk H & G m aeZm (u) avmurSm a<u;trsKd;rsKd;&Sdygw,f/ tvkyfa<u;? EIwfa<u;? uHa<u;? &ef a<u;? 0#fa<u;? tcspfa<u;? aiGaMu;? rajywJh ta<u; pojzihf ta<u;aygif;pkH&Sdayw,f/ ta<u;qkdwm rdrdu,lxm;wm? vkyfxm;wm? ajymxm;wmjzpfvdkY bma<u;rqkd ay;qyf&ef &Sdaeygw,f/ ta<u;qkdwm qyf&ef&Sd NrD&SifyJ jzpfw,f/ trSerf mS awmh bmta<u;rSrwifwm taumif;qk;H ygyJ/ ]a<u;wif &Sib f &k ifqyf} qkw d hJ pum;wpf&yf&cdS ahJ yr,fh tJ'aD cwfu ukecf yhJ gNy/D wpfcsKdUu ajymwwfMuao;&JU/ a<u; r&Sd&if vlryDobl;wJh/ 'Dpum;t&qkd&if ]vl} yDoatmif a<u;&Sd&rvdk a<u;yJ,l&rvdkjzpfaewmayhg/ a<u;wumha<u;xJrSm tcspfa<u;eJY0#fa<u;u awmh tqkd;qkH;jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ tJ- tcspfa<u; omru trke;f a<u;&Scd &hJ ifvnf; ay;qyf&rSmyJ/ tavmif;awmf qE´efqifrif;[m tpG,Ef pS q f u l dk tvG,w f ultjzwfcNH y;D ay;qyf &wmvnf; plVokb'´grdzk&m;&JUtrkef;a<u;ukd ay;qyf&wmyJr[kwfvm;/ ]r&D;eJYrwf? vifukdowf? av;Zmwf wkdifatmifyif} pum;pOft& r&D;eJYrwfaygif;NyD; vifukd vkyfBuHcJhMuw,f/ vifjzpfol (tpfukd jzpfo)l [m csprf ,m;tay:rSm pGv J rf;wG,w f m wJhtcspfpdwfaMumifh tJ'DtdrfrSmyJ a`rGjzpfw,f/ a`rGjzpfaevnf; r,m;ukdcspfaeqJyJ/ r,m; tay:ukd tdrfrkd;ay:u ckefckefcsw,f/ 'gukd odoGm;awmh owfypfMuw,f/ aooGm;NyD; aemuf EGm;jzpfjyefw,f/ owfjyefw,f/ acG;jzpf w,f/ owfypfw,f/ pwkwb ¦ 0usawmh r,m; a[mif;&JU0rf;acgif;xJrSm vlvmjzpfjyefa&m/ odwwfwJht&G,fa&mufawmh ratjzpfolukd ]vlowfaumifrBuD;} vkdYajymowJh/ 0#fa<u;? tcspfa<u;qkdwm aMumufp&myg/ bmyJjzpfjzpf a<u;r&Sdwm aumif;ygw,f/ a<u;rwifwm aumif;ygw,f/ (c) a<u;NrDuif;jcif;[m csrf;omaMumif; ukd Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifu t*kFwå&edum,f? pwkw¦ edygwf? tePsokwfrSm a[mMum;xm;awmf rlw,f/ td r f & mwnf a xmif vl Y a bmif r S m

aysmfjim; vl0wfaMumif vlom;awGb0awGrSm vlwef;aphaph aeEkdifaMumif; BuKd;pm;Mu&ay w,f/ pm; 0wf aea&;jynhfpkHatmif uH? ÓPf? 0D&d,wdkYukd t&if;wnfpkdufxkwfum tm;xkwf aqmif&GufMu&ayw,f/ tJ'DrSm csrf;omjcif;av;rsKd;ukdawmh jynhfpkHzkdY vdktyfygw,f/ csrf;omjcif;av;rsKd;u bmvJqkd&if1/ tw¦dokc- &Sdjcif;csrf;om?

2/ abm*okc- okH;aqmifcHpm;&jcif;csrf;om?

3/ tePsokc- a<u;NrDuif;&Sif;jcif;csrf;om?

4/ te0ZÆokc- tjypfuif;&Sif;jcif;csrf;omwkdY jzpfw,f/ pD ; yG m ;a&;tajccH a wG a umif ; NyD ; vkyif ef;aqmifwmtjzmjzm acsmarGUpGmvnfywf aeolawGtwGuf b0&yfwnfrI[m wnfNidrf tqifajyaomfvnf; t&if;tES;D rJu h m vkyt f m; ukdom &if;ESD;&olrsm;twGuf ezl;uacR; ajcr usatmif ½kef;uefaeMu&avw,f/ tJ'Dvkd acR;xGufoH,kd qif;&JNidKjiifpGm toufarG;&ol rsm;aomfvnf; &&Sdvmaom acR;eJpm ypönf; Opö m rsm;uk d uk d , f c srf ; om pd w f c srf ; ompG m okH;aqmifcHpm;&jcif;[m tw¦dokcygyJ/ &SdwJh csrf;omygyJ/ ukd,hfb0ukd,f auseyfrI&&SdEkdif ayw,f/ &S m azG & &S d v maom Opö m "ersm;uk d cGJa0okH;aqmifcHpm;Mu&mrSm pepfwus okH;pGJ wwfzkdYudkvnf; Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm; ayao;w,f/ &SdwJhypönf;aiGaMu;udk av;ykH ykHyg/ ESpfykH (wpf0uf)ukd rdrdvkyfief;twGuf t&if;tESD;jyKyg/ wpfykHukd okH;pGJyg/ 'DxJuyJ cG J a 0vS L 'gef ; yg/ usef w pf y k H u d k a wmh taMumif ; tm;avsmf p G m jzpf a y:vm wwf w J h a&S m if w cif u d p ö a wG t wG u f tvG , f w ul & &S d & ef x m;ygvd k Y rd e f Y a wmf r l ygw,f/ (okwfygax,s? ygVd-135) Oyrm- aiGav;odef;&Sdw,fqkdygpkdY/ ESpo f ed ;f ukd vkyif ef;xJrmS jrK§ yEf ?HS wpfoed ;f ukd ok;H pG?J tJ ' D o k H ; pG J w J h t xJ u yJ rd r d p G r f ; Ek d i f o avmuf ay;urf ; vS L 'gef ; yg/ usef w pf o d e f ; ud k a wmh taMumif;udpöay:vm&if okH;pGJEkdifzdkY vkd&r,f&

xm;ygvdkY qkdvkdygw,f/ odef;av;q,f&SdwJhol uvnf; 'DtcsKd;tpmtwdkif; av;ykHykHaygh/ odef;av;&mcsrf;om<u,f0&ifvnf; olYtwkdif; twm tcsKd;tpm;twkdif; pHepfwus cGJa0 okH;pGJ&efyJayhg/ b,favmufpepfusvdkufovJ/ rdrdwdkY Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif&JU pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m okH;pGJrI vrf;ñTefawmfrlcsuf[m b,favmufaumif; ovJav/ a<u;NrDuif;jcif;[m Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[m Mum;awmfrlxm;wJh ]tePsokc} jynhfpkHEkdifyg w,f/ 'gayr,fh ,aeY vkyfief;&Sifawmfawmf rsm;rsm;uawmh a<u;ruif;EkdifMuaybl;/ bPf a<u;? t&if ; tED S ; twG u f ,l x m;wJ h a <u;? vkyfief;wGif;a<u;? tcGefa<u; pwmawG wpfck r[kwfwpfck &SdaeMuayw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; vlrSef&if a<u;eJYruif;bl;vdkY qkdMuw,fxify/ bmyJ j zpf j zpf tcsd e f w ef & if a wmh olY[meJYol ajyvnfoGm;MuwmygyJ/ ajyvnf atmifvnf; zefwD;Mu&ayoaygh/ vkyfief; ,EÅ&m; vnfywfaezku dY ta&;Bu;D w,fr[kwf vm;/ puf½kH? tvkyf½kHyJjzpfjzpf pmtkyfxkwfa0 a&;yJjzpfjzpf qufvuf&Sifoefae&eftwGuf vkyfief;vnfywfrI &SdaezkdYvkdaywmaygh/ ukd,fh enf; ukd,hf[ef? olYenf;olY[efeJY &Sifoefa&; pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

eufeJaompdwftusihfw&m; &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k )

tbd"r®moabmt&ajym&vQif pdwf onf qef;Mu,fí eufeaJ om oabmt"dygÜ ,f aqmifNyD; ouf&Sdavmuukd OD;aqmifaeonhf t&m[k ajym&rnfjzpfonf/ tb,fhaMumihf qkdaomf ouf&Sdowå0grSeforQ pdwftvkdukd vkdufygaqmif&GufaeMu&aomaMumihfjzpf\/ ouf&o dS wå0gwkid ;f yif pdwaf pñTe;f &m ukd ukd,fu vkdufygaqmif&GufaeMu&\/ pdwf tvdkqE´ukd rnhfonhfowå0grQ rvGefqefEkdif? rwwfomí pdwfavQmhvkdufrS ukd,foufom cG i h f & onh f o abmom&S d o nf / pd w f u om ravQmv h Qiaf wmh taocHA;Hk cGo J w l \ Ykd uk, d cf E¨m yrm tpdyfpdyftrTmrTm uGJaMuysufpD;atmifyif jyKvkyfMu&ayonf/ xkt d aMumif;tcsi;f t&mrsm;ukd Munhf jrif j cif ; tm;jzih f ouf & S d a vmuuk d pd w f u OD;aqmifonf[k a[mMum;cJhaom Ak'¨pum; awmfrSm ykdrkdouf0if xif&Sm;pGm odomjrifom \/ odkYaomf wPSmavmbOD;pD;aeaom pdwf tusih f q k d ; uk d u m; ouf & S d o wå 0 grS e f o rQ (avjzwfcHxm;&ol? taMumaoaeolrsm;rS ty) rnfonho f wå0grQ vGeq f efír&/ tusifh qkd; pdwftvkdukd vkdufMu&onfcsnf;omyif/ pd w f u k d Oyrmaqmif M unh f & vQif tvG e f M urf ; MuKwf & uf p uf a om bD v l ; wpf aumif\vufwGif usa&muf&aom owå0g rSeforQ (Ak'¨bk&m;? &[EÅmESif o&P*kHoDv wnfolwdkYrSty) bDvl;&efukd tEkdif&atmif wkdufckdufEkdifol r&Sdoavmuf&Sm;\/ aMumuf&GHU xdwfvefYpdwfjzihf ½kef;uef&if; aemufqkH;awmh

t&Sifvwfvwf emusifcHcufpGmjzihf cE¨mukd,f ukd bDvl;pm;cHMu&avonf/ xkdOyrmvkdyif ouf&Sdowå0grSeforQ wdkYrSmvnf; vlBuD;? vl&G,f? uav;? csrf;om qif;&Jra&G; vlElolawmif;pm;vnf; oufom cGihfr&? udavomtm½kH vTrf;NcKHcHxm;&aom tusihfqkd;pdwf\ ESdyfpufzdpD;rIukd ukd,fu cH,l aeMu&ayonf / vl E l ol a wmif ; pm;b0 usa&mufae&aomfvnf; tusihfqkd;pdwf\ tvkdqE´ukd rvGefqefEkdif? pdwftvkdvkdufNyD; rku d af eMu&onfrsm;udv k nf; jrifawGUae&onf/ pdwt f usiq fh ;dk \ ESyd pf ufzpd ;D rI'Pfudk uk, d jf zihf ausauseyfeyf cH,al eaom vifr,m; ESpfa,muf\b0ukd wpfavmu c&D;oGm;&if; vrf;ab;yvufazmif;ay:wGif jrifcJh&onf/ ajcaxmufESihf vufawGrSm aoG;oH&J&J Elem uGufawGESihf temuvnf; Elemjzpfí aysmuf zkdY vrf;rjrif? onftema&m*gjzihfyif olwdkYao Mu&awmhrnfukdawmh rodr[kwf? odMurnf omjzpfonf/ xkdokdY odvnf;odEkdifMuygvsuf vlEl olawmif;pm;vifr,m;rSm pdwftusihfqkd;tvkd ukd vkdufygaqmif&GufaeMuao;onf/ ajc axmuftemBuD;ESihf uav;ukd &ifcGifykdufum nmvufaxmufí a,musfm;vkyfolu a&SUu zif'&GwfqJGoGm;&if; c&D;oGm;rsm;xH toem;cH NyD; awmif;aeonf/ r,m;vkyfolrSm aemufu ElemuGufBuD;ESihf vufucGufukdifum awmif; &rf;aeonf/ aoaocsmcsmMunhfvdkufawmh ukd,f0efBuD;ESihfjzpfaeaMumif; awGUodvkduf& onf/ vlElolawmif;pm;vifr,m;b0ukd jrifvkduf&awmh olwdkYvifr,m;ukd tjypfjrif vkdufrdonf/ vrf;avQmufoGm;&if; pOf;pm;rd vku d af wmhrS olw Y t Ykd ay: awG;xifrw d m rSm;oGm; rSef; owdjyKrdvkdufonf/ onfawmhrS bDvl; wpfaumifE, S f aMumufrufz, G af umif;vSaom tusihfqkd;pdwf\ b0tusOf;om;? olawmif; pm;vifr,m;ukd oem;oGm;rdygonf/ wu,fawmh wPSm&m* tusihfqkd; pdwfukd ouf&Sdowå0grsm; wGef;vSefatmifjrif

EkdifcGihf&a&;udpörSm tcufcJqkH;aom udpö[kyif qkd&rnfuJhodkY jzpfaeayonf/ taMumif;rSm tusihfqkd;pdwf\ zdpD;ESdyfpufcHb0rS vGwf ajrmufEkdif&ef enf;vrf;aumif;trSef pifppf &Sad omfjim;vnf; udavomuGe&f ufudk ausmuf rsuf&wemukd;yg;ESihf pDjc,fxm;aom pHeef; awmftdrfxifrSwfum wyfrufarmaeMuonhf ouf&Sdowå0g vlom;rsm;um; trSefw&m;ukd odjrifvufcHEkdifpGrf;r&SdMuaomaMumihfjzpfay onf/ omrefouf&Sd vlowå0gukd rqkdxm; ESihf? w&m;jyenf;oifwef;wufNyD; e,fvSnfhí edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif;w&m;jyonhf yk*K¾ v d q f adk omf jim;vnf; yk*¾Kdvfwdkif;ukd txifBuD;ír&onfh tcgumv? v,fwDq&mawmf? rkd;ukwfq&m awmf? r[mpnfq&mawmfwdkYvkd yk*¾KdvfrsKd;u &Sm;onf/ acwfokH;pum;ESihfajym&vQif ]tdyf azmif;vQif pdwfajymif;onf} qkdaom yk*¾Kdvf trsKd ; tpm;u rsm;ae\/ xk d Y a Mumih f v nf ; MunfnKdav;pm;wwfaom Ak'¨bmom0ifawG? o'¨gw&m;wkd;yGm;cGihfr&bJ wGefYqkwfcGihfom &vmMu&jcif;jzpfayonf/ þodkY jzpfysufMu&onfrSm pifppf rSmawmh vufonfw&m;cHtppfu wPSm avmbpdwftusihfqkd;ESihf wPSm&m* pdwf tusihfqkd;wdkYyif jzpfonf/ odkYaomf pdwftusifh qk;d \vIy&f mS ;rIy&Hk yd rf mS rjrifMu&? pdwt f usiq fh ;dk \ ñTefMum;cH&rIukd o½kyfaqmif ykHazmfay;ae &aom igol w pf y g; a,musf m ;rd e f ; rtjzpf ynwfoabmt& txift&Sm; jrifMu&onhf a,musfm;wnf;[laom ukd,faumif? rdef;r wnf;[laom ukd,faumifwdkY\ ukd,fjzifhjyKvkyf aeMuaom raumif;rIrsm;pGmESihf aumif;rI tenf;tyg;wdu Yk om jrifomxifom&daS eonf/ xkdoabmjzpfpOft& ukd,faumif rsm;\ vIyf&Sm;rItay:üom Munhfjrifwwfol wd k Y u vl o m;owå 0 grsm; uk d , f u sih f w &m; aumif;rGefa&;ukd tav;xm;wkdufwGef;qkH;r aeMu\/ t"dujzpfaom ]pdwftusihfw&m;} aumif;rGefa&;ukd a[majymqkH;rol&Sm;onf/ pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo-oxk H

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) arwå m yG m ;yH k (7) rsd K ; yxr*gxmjzpf w J h ]]a, aupd ygP blwm}} t& t<uif;tusefr&Sd tvHk;pHk aom owå0grsm;udk qdkvdkygw,f/ 'D*gxmrSm owå0gtrsdK;tpm;rsm;pGmxJu &SpfrsdK;udk cGJjcm; jyqdkxm;ygw,f/ 'kw, d *gxmrSmawmh owå0gtrsKd ;t pm;ajcmufrsKd ;udk xyfrcH jJG cm;jyqdx k m;vdYk tm;vH;k owå0gtrsdK; tpm; (14) rsdK; jym;vmygw,f/ 'DtxJurS oabmeD;pyf&m tpktpkawGjyKNyD; t|uxm q&mwG J p yf j yxm;ovd k cG J N yD ; arwåmyGm;rsm;yHk (7) rsdK; uGJjym;vm&wmygyJ/ ynm&Sifrsm;u ESpfckcGJNyD; ydkYowJhenf; udk 'ku ('kuf) enf;? oHk;pkcGJNyD; ydkYowJhenf;udk wdu (wdu)f enf;&,fvYkd owfrw S x f m;ygw,f/ 'kuenf;u av;yg;&SNd y;D wduenf;u oH;k yg;&Sv d Ykd arwåmyGm;rsm;yHk (7) rsdK; uGJjym;vmwmyJjzpfyg w,f/ 'k u enf ; wpf e nf ; ES i f h wd u enf ; oH k ; enf ; 'kuenf;vdkYqdk&mrSm *gxmrSmygwJh wom0geJY xm0&m0g t&udk wpfwGJ,lxm;yg w,f/ wom 0g rSm wo t& udavom wPSm rukecf rf;ao;wJh ykxZk Ofaou©y*k Kd¾ vrf sm; (usihfBuHtm;xkwfqJ) eJY xm0&m0grSm xm0&m 0g t& udavomwPSm uif;pifukefcrf;NyD; rnfoaYkd om avmu"Hw&m;rsm;eJY BuKH awGUBuKH awGU xdwfvefYjcif;? vIyfcwfjcif;rsm; rjzpfawmhbJ wnfNidrfckdifNrJaom £a`E´rsm;jzifh edAÁmetNidrf; "mwfeYJ rQwaeawmfral om &[EÅmrsm;udk qdv k kd wmyg/ arwå m yd k Y o wJ h t cgrS m rwl n D w J h 'Dyk*¾dKvfESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;udkwGJNyD; tckvdkarwåmydkYo

EdkifMuygw,f/ ]]vefYwwfç rvefYwwf ESpf&yfrSef pG m ? rsm;ol i g? csrf ; omud k , f p d w f NrJ y gap?

Oy g'f&efab; uif;pifa0; Nidrf;at;Muygap}}/ Oyg'f 'Dyxr*gxmrSmyJ ]]'DCm 0g a,0 r[EÅm? rZÑdrmç &óumç tPkuç xlvm}} rSmawmh owå0gtrsdK;tpm; (6) rsdK;yg&Sdygw,f/ 'Dowå0gawGudk tvG,fwulodjrifEdkifatmif 'DCmç &óumç rZÑdrmqkdNyD;wpfpk? r[EÅm? tPkum? rZÑrd m&,fvw Ykd pfpek YJ xlvmç tPkumç rZÑrd mudk wpfcx k m;Ny;D enf; (3) enf; wGpJ yfay; xm;ygw,f/ wduenf; (3) enf;tjzpf ydik ;f jcm; xm;wmygyJ/ yxroHk;yg;tpkjzpfwJh 'DCmrSm 'DC t& &Snfvsm;aomudk,fcE¨m&SdMuwJh a>r? e*g; tp&Sdaom owå0grsm;jzpfNyD; &óumt& &Snfvnf;r&Snf? tv,ftvwfowå0grsm; avmufvnf;r&Sw d hJ ykç wkçd edrçhf i,faom owå0g awG u d k qd k v d k y gw,f / rZÑd r mt&uawm mt&uawmh tv,ftvwft&G,ftpm;&SdMuwJh uRJç EGm;ç jrif; tp&Sad om owå0grsKd ;udk ,l&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DvdktrsdK;tpm;oHk;rsdK;rSmyg0ifMuwJh owå0grsm;udk &nfrSef;NyD; arwåmydkYowmudk wduenf;vdq Yk w kd myg/ arwåmyGm;wJt h cg 'Dvykd mG ; rsm;EdkifMuygw,f/ ]]&Snçf wdçk v,fvwf? oH;k &yfreS pf mG ? rsm;owåm- csrf ; omud k , f p d w f N rJ y gap?

Oyg'f&efab;? uif;pifa0; Nird ;f at; Muygap..}} aemufwpfcg r[EÅmç tPkumeJY rZÑdrm trsKd ;tpm;oH;k rsKd ;udk wGpJ yfNy;D wduenf; tjzpf arwåmydkYoEdkifygw,f/ r[EÅmrSmvnf; r[EÅt& BuD;rm; aom cE¨mudk,fydkif&SifawGjzpfMuwJh a0vig;uJh odkY a&owå0gBuD;rsm;? ukef;ay:rSmqkdvnf; qifuJhodkY owå0gBuD;rsm;? a'0wmxJrSmqdk&if vnf; &m[kç tol&defuJhodkY ewfrsm;udk ,l&yg w,f/ tPkumt& tvGefao;i,fMuwJh a&ydk;a&rTm;uav;rsm;tygt0if yuwdrsufpd eJY rjrifrawGUEdik af om yd;k rTm;owå0guav;rsm;udk

qdk&wmygyJ/ rdrdwdkY udk,fcE¨mtwGif;rSmvnf; ydk;rsdK;&Spfq,fawmif&SdaeMuwJh jrifawGUEdkifwm a&m rjrifawGUEdik w f hJ yd;k rTm;uav;rsm; taumif aygif;oef;csDNyD; &SdaeEdkifwmygyJ/ rZÑd r mt&u apmapmuqd k c J h w J h tv,ftvwft&G,ftpm;vdkY owfrSwf&r,hf uRJç EGm;ç jrif;ç tp&SdMuaom owå0gawGudkyJ xyfrHxnhfoGif;jyxm;wmyg/ 'Dtyk pf x k rJ mS ygMuwJh owå0gtrsKd ;tpm; oH;k rsKd ;udk &nfreS ;f Ny;D tckvakd rwåmydEYk ikd Mf uygw,f/ ]]BuD;ç i,fç v,fvwf? oHk;&yfrSef pG m ? rsm;owå m csrf ; omud k , f p d w f NrJ y gap?

Oyg'f&efab; uif;pifa0; Nidrf;at; Muygap../}} wwd , tk y f p k x J r S m awmh xl v mç tPkumç rZÑdrmqd m kNyD; owå0goHk;rsdK;eJY wGJpyf ay;xm;ygw,f/ xlvmt& qlNzdK;aom udk,fcE¨m&Sd aom 0ufuo hJ Ykd tqDtom;xlajymaom owå0g rsm;vdkY jyqdkygw,f/ tPkumt& 'DtkyfpkrSm ,lxm;wmu ½kyfqif;oP²mefryDjyifbJ tvGef ao;i,fBuKH vNDS y;D omreftm;jzihv f nf; rawGUjrif EkdifavmufwJh ydk;rTm;wd&pämefi,fav;rsm;udk ,lygw,f/ rZÑdrt&uawmh EGm;ç uRJç jrif;ç tp&Sdaom owå0grsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'Dwwd,tkypf 0k ifowå0gtrsKd ;tpm; oHk;rsdK;udk &nfrSef;NyD;awmhvnf; tckvdk ydkif;jcm; arwåmydkYEdkifMuygw,f/ ]]qlç BuHKç v,fvwf? oHk;&yfrSefpGm? rsm;owå m csrf ; omud k , f p d w f NrJ y gap?

Oyg'f&efab; uif;pifa0; Nidrf;at; Muygap../}} tckvq kd ckd w hJ hJ yxr*gxmt& owå0g trsKd ;tpm;&Sprf sKd ;udk qkid &f moabmobm0rsm; eJYtnD tkyfpkav;rsdK;cGJNyD; 'kuenf;wpfenf;? wduenf;oH;k enf;qdNk y;D owfrw S u f m arwåmydo Yk yGm;rsm;EdkifyHkudk &Sif;jyxm;awmfrlygw,f/ ñTef;- arwåmokwå (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

pdwfudkcsKyfwnf;yg pH & d y f N id r f q &mawmf They conquer who believe they can. (Dryden)

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11

AÁ,ÓPfü ta&mif- ½IuiG ;f wGi;f ü ay:vmaom a&mif/ yDwd- ESpfoufrIjzpfaom yDwd tvif;a&mi t&om t&om/ yó'¨-d udk,fpdwfESpfyg;wdkY Nidrf;jcif;? okc- oufoufaomcsr;f om/ Ak'¨d- ÓPftxl; &Tijf cif;/ a&S;w k ek ;f u þodrYk awGUzl;aom csr;f om ukd awGU&ojzihf igawmhjzihfatmifjrifayNyD[k txiftjrifa&mufum pdwrf Nird rf oufjzpfMu& ayonf[k odawmfrMl uojzihf 'Dw&m;awGonf 0dyóemjipfjiL;aMumif; udavomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf? 'Dw&m;awGudk qkyfrxm;? ausmfvTm; oGm;atmif ½Iypf&rnf[k 0dkif;0ef;a[mMu? ajymMu? a&;om;Muojzihf ½IrSwfausmfvTm;í azmfjyyg tEÅ&m,fwdkYrS vGwfajrmufMuavukef awmh\/ ,ck t cg w&m;&d y f o mawG v nf ; rsm;vmygNyD/ w&m;a[m w&m;jyur®|mem p&d,awGvnf; &SdvmygNyD/ ,if;odkY&Sdvmjcif;ukd BudKufolawGvnf;&Sdyg\/ rBudKufolawGvnf; &Syd g\/ xdt k cufBu;D udk avhvmMunhv f u dk o f nhf tcg tcsKdUaomvlawG\yifudk,foabmudku w&m;tm;xkwfaomoludk w&m;tm;rxkwf ol u oabmrus? w&m;tm;xk w f o l tcsif;csif;uvnf; w&m;xl;awGUw,fqdkaom oludk w&m;xl;rawGUao;aomolu oabm rusjyef/ trSet f m;jzihf w&m;awGUolukd rawGUwJh olu b,fvakd wGUwmvJ? cdik rf m&JUvm;? ppfaq; Munhf &JUvm;? r*frodzdkvfeJY n§dvdkYqdkw,f/ zdv k 0f ifpm; Edik &f UJ vm; ponfjzihf ar;jref;avhvm Munhf&rnf jzpfygonf/ tu,fí olawGUwmonf w&m;xl; jzpfEdkifonf[kxifvQif olawmifawGUao;wm igvnf; awGUEdkifonf[k tm;,lí avhusihfMu &ygrnf/ w&m;xl;awGUvQif rBudKufMujcif; onf tb,faMumihfjzpf&onfudk pOf;pm;Munhf apcsif\/ w&m;usihfpOfawGuvnf; rSefuef pifMu,faeygNyD? yDyDjyifjyifvnf; jyEdkifaeygNyD/ usihfwJholawGuvnf; vdkvdkcsifcsif ZGJebJjzihf tm;xkwfaeMuygNyD/ &oifhr&oihf awGUoihf rawGUoihfudk pOf;pm;Munhfoihfyg\/ rBudKufzl; csnf; rvkyfMubJ aqG;aEG;ar;jref;avhvmí ol&wmrSefvQif vdw k ;kd ydak vQmjh yKjyifNy;D ud, k v f nf; &Edkifatmif tm;xkwfoihf\/ aemufuolç ol trsm;wdkYvnf; &Edkifawmh\/ xkdodkY &aomol rsm;vmaomtcg y&d,wådomoem y#dywåd omoem y#da0"omoemawmfjrwfBu;D wdo Yk nf cdkifoxufcdkif NrdKifoxufNrdKif r,dkifvJEdkif atmif wnfwHhckdifNrJygawmhvwåHUwnf;/ usrf ; ud k ; - ,k * acwf (5) acwf q&mawmf O D ; eE´

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

12

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

vlokH;rsKd; vu© P (aysmf b G , f )

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vkyaf uR;&rSe;f rod? vlraI &;vnf;em;rvnf? 'ge? oDv? bm0emw&m;okH;yg;qkdwmuawmh bmrS rod Avmew¦dyg/ 'gaMumihfbk&m;? &[EÅm? t&d,m om0u ynm&So d al wmfaumif;taygif;u 'Dv;l orm;Bu;D udk owå0giEGm;BuD;&,fvkdY tyg,f*kPfxl; 0daooukd ay;xm;Muygw,f/ ol[m vlawmh vl y gyJ / 'gayr,f h v nf ; vl v k d o d w wf w m b,fae&mrSr&Syd gbl;/ 'Dawmh olYukd t,kwfpm; vltwkvdkYyJ ac:ygw,f/ 'DaeYacwfumv tajctaerSm urÇmBuD;ay: vlOD;a&wkd;yGm;ae aomfvnf; vltppfawGu 'ku©ray;ayr,fh vltwkawGuawmh enf;rsKd;pkHeJY 'ku©ay;Ekdifyg w,f/ 'gaMumifh vltwkawGukda&Smif&Sm;NyD; vltppfeYJ aygif;oif;qufq&H ygr,f/ taumif; qkH;vluawmh eHygwf(1) vlygyJ/ eHygwf(2) vl [m tvwfpm;? eHygwf(3)vlu tnHhpm;ygwJh/ 'DvlokH;rsKd;xJrSm aemufwpfckrSwfom;&rSmu oHo&muxGufajrmuf edAÁmefukda&mufatmif usihfaqmifwwfwJhtwGufaMumifh ]wpfeHygwf ukd txGwftxdyfeHygwf} vdkY ac:jyefygw,f/ oHo&mavmuBu;D xJrmS qif;&Jvu dk f csrf;omvdkuf vljzpfvkduf wd&pämefjzpfvkduf tyg,fav;yg;ukda&mufoGm;vkduf ok*wdbkH a&mufoGm;eJY usifvnfNyD; awmhaewJhtwGuf aMumif(h 2)eHygwfukd vnfeHygwfvdkY ac:ygw,f/ vl b 0xJ u k d wpf a cguf w pf c g ta&muf v mNyD ; awmh xrif ; [if ; av;uk d yef;uefeJYxnhfpm;? umr*kPfw&m;awGeJY aysmf yg;NyD; vl&dyfvla,mif vloHawmifrMum;vkduf& bJ tyg,fav;yg;ukd jyefvnfjrKyfoGm;&rSm jzpf w J h twG u f t aMumif h eH y gwf ( 3)uk d jrKyfeHygwfvdkY ac:jyefygw,f/ 'D a wmh pmzwf y &d o wf r sm;vnf ; b,fvkdeHygwfawGeJY vlawGxJrSm yg0ifcsif ygovJ/ taumif;qkH;eHygwfxJrSm ygcsifw,f qkd&ifawmh rdrdwdkY&JU ukd,f? EIwf? ESvkH;? uHokH;yg; pvkH;ukd aumif;rGefatmif xdef;ausmif;jyKjyif rSom taumif;qkH; eHygwf(1)ukd ydkifqkdifNyD; vltppf jzpfr,fqkdwm wxpfcs rSwfom;xm; Muapvkdygw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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odkYaomfvnf; taemf&xmrif;taejzifh EdkifiH pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ESihf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pHk tvTmtoD;oD; aoG;pnf;a&;udo k m txl;iJn h m§ BuKd ;yrf;&aomaMumifh ewfu;kd uG,rf 0I g'udk vH;k 0 aysmuf u G , f a tmif rBud K ;yrf ; Ed k i f c J h & S m ay/ wkdufqdkifrIaMumihf uRJcwfcH&í taemf&xm uG,fvGeo f nfuykd if ewfuuRaJ ,mifaqmifí cwfvu dk af omaMumifh ewf&mG pH&onf[k ewf0g'D wdkYu toHvGihfMuíom ,aeYwdkif tajcrcdkif onhf yg;pyf&mZ0if wGifcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ taemf&xmrif;\t&nftcsif;jynhf0rIaMumihf EdkifiH pnf;vHk;a&;&onfudkyif ]]t&dE´rmvSH? oDv0Ho"m;? Burd pf BumF }} wdjYk zihf wefqmqifí bkef;uHESihf ewfa'0gbufudkyif;í 0g'jzefYcJh Muygonf / ewfu;kd uG,rf 0I g'rSm tif;0acwfwdkif BuD;xGm;aecJhNyD; tif;tdkif? cvSJU? vufzGJU? *gxm rEÅ&m;udk tm;ay;aom ]yGJausmif;oHCm*dkPf;} (a&S;acwfwuúov kd )f yg Bu;D pd;k aeaomacwfjzpf av&m ydkrdkxGef;um;ae avawmhonf/ þodkY aom tajctaetcsdef tcgrsdK;wGif NrdKUBuD;rsm; u tnMw aus;vufZeyk'[ f x k ifrw S f xm;aom awmif w G i f ; BuD ; Nrd K Uawm&ausmif ; uav;rS rxifr&Sm; &[ef;awmfwpfyg;u ewfawmf vS e f a &;ud k qif E T J o l r S m xl ; jcm;xif a y:ol

r[k w f a o;aomf vnf ; ol Y t oH u m; xl;jcm;pGr;f tifxufjrufvS ayonf/ onfx h uf xl;jcm;onfrSmawmh oludk,fwkdif ewfxdef; BuD;\om; jzpfaejcif;yif jzpfygawmhonf/ ]]o'´ g rS m &S i f r [mupö n f ; ? uAsmrSm &Sifr[moDv0Hownf;}}}} qd k x H k ; &S d onhftwkdif; u0dpmqdkyk*¾dKvftarmf &Sifr[m oDv0Hoonf xkdacwftcgu tNydKiftqdkif ay:xGufMuukefaom uAsmAE¨ eufeJajymif ajrmufqef;Mu,fpGm zGJUEGJUoDuHk;Muukefonhf &S i f r [m&|om&? &S i f t H k ; nd K ? &S i f a crm? &SifawaZmom&? 0Hawmifv,f q&mawmf? uH a wmf r if ; ausmif ; q&mawmf r sm; ES i f h tNydKif jrefrmpmayorkdif;rSm armfuGef;wif usef & S d a om yg&rD a wmf c ef ; ysd K Uud k ]]yg&rD roD E S i h f } } [k a&S ; ynm&S d B uD ; rsm; qd k x H k ; jyK &onh f t xd Nyd K if p H &S m ;ynm&S d uAsmu0d jzpf c J h a yonf / xdkuJhodkY w&m;tqDESihfjynhf0aom pum;vHk; aphpyfodyfonf;ajyjypfí ygVdt| uxmü uRrf;usifonhftm;avsmfpGm uAsm taqmufttHBk u;D udk tvuFmwefqmqif,if zGJUqdkEdkiftyfaom pmqdkawmft&Sif&JU txkyÜw¬d jzpfpOfav;uvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif; avmufatmif xl;jcm;aeayonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ ]]bk & m;&S p f a omif ; ? av;axmif aqmif ; í? ud e f ; atmif ; pH & ef ? "r® c ef o nf ? oH a wmif N zd K ; jrih f p G i h f v d rfr fh a v}} tud k u f av;abmf? ajrrSay:aomf? &Sifausmfav;OD; cl ; vd r f h a v;}} cl ; vnf ; cl ; vwH h ? ul ; vnf ; ul ; vwH h jyL;vJ j yL;vwH h } } [l a om wabmif q ef ; onf ouú & mZf 800 jynhfESpf? tif;0bk&if rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;BuD; vuf x uf ü ? awmif w G i f ; BuD ; Nrd K UwG i f xl ; uJ p G m ay:ayguf c J h a vonf / bk & m;&S i f y G i h f a wmf r rl r D ES p f a ygif ; 100 ausmf u rif ; ajymif ? rif ; a&mif ? rif ; e*g;paom rif ; nD a emif a v;yg;wd k Y wnf a xmif c J h a om awmif w G i f ; BuD ; Nrd K Uü yk * ¾ d K vf r G e f ? yk * ¾ d K vf j rwf w d k Y ay:xG e f ; onh f tcsdef0,f ykAÁedrdwftjzpf jzihf ayawmBuD; ig;&Gm0,f zGUH NzKd ;aomaypdBYk u;D rsm; ajrrSay:xGuf avonf/ ]]ay}} [lonfum; pmay\edrdwfjzpf aomaMumihf aywpfyifay:vQif pmayusrf;*ef wGif txl;odjrifESHYpyfaom usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvf wpfa,mufay:aygufNrJjzpfayonf/ xd k o uú & mZf 800 jynh f E S p f ü yif awmif w G i f ; BuD ; Nrd K Uajrmuf b uf Nrd K Uvk v if &G m ? owd k ; xrf ; &G m ? rusnf ; a,mif & G m rsm; wG i f aypd k Y B uD ; av;pd k Y ajrrS a y:xG u f v m &um; ]]ayav;yif & S i f a v;yg;}} ay:OD ; awmhrnfwum;[k e,fy,fwpfavQmufwG w Gi f Oauú m a#,sm 0rf ; yef ; womjzpf c J h M uav NyD / xdkykAÁedrdwfjyonhftwkdif; ouú&mZf 815 ckESpfwGif a&SUaemufzGm;oefYpifMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm1/ NrdKUvkif&GmrS tbOD;aomMum? trd a':ES i f ; qD w d k Y \ om; armif O uú m ? aemif a omf &S i f O wå r ausmf / 2/ NrdKUvkif&GmrS tbOD;Munf? trd ewf x d e f ; Bu BuDD ; r,f a 'G ; \om; armif n d K ? aemif a omf &S i f r [moD v 0H o / 3/ owd k ; xrf ; &G m rS &S i f t H k ; nd K 4/ rusnf a ,mif & G m rS &S i f a crm crmwdkY jzpfMuaonf/ þayav;yif&iS af v;yg;t0if 'kw, d yk*¾dKvfausmfjzpfaom &Sifr[moDv0Hoonf &Sit f ;kH ndK? &Siaf crmwdEYk pS Of ;D yg aygif;oH;k yg;aom yk*¾dKvfausmfwdkYonf omoemouú&mZf 248 ckEpS rf wdik rf D ysL,Ofaus;rIxeG ;f um;pOftcsed t f cg uyif pwifwnf&adS eí a&S;tusq;kH ausmif;rsm;

pm&if;wGif tygt0ifjzpfaom ewfrD;vif;ac: ]]ewfr;DS }} q&mawmfxw H iG f ynm&ifEYkd aomufpYkd avhvmpHaysmf&if; oDuHk;pyfqdkawmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ &Sifr[moDv0Ho\ uAsmuGefYjrL;&m ü ajymprS w f w pf c k & S d c J h o nf r S m &S i f i ,f b 0 taygif;tazmfrsm;ESifh ausmif;atmufwGif aqmhupm;ae&mwGif qlnHvGef;ojzihf q&m awmfu atmfaigufrmefraJ r;jref;&mü ]]b,fol awGvJ[Jh- ausmif;atmufu qlnHaeMuwm}} [lonfwGif &Sifi,fu ]]awmifajy; r,fa'G; \om;bk & m;}} [k awmifbufodkYajy;vsuf jyefavQmufqdkoGm;onf[k Mum;od&zl;ygw,f/ þuJhodkY uAsmÓPfuGefYjrL;rIEl;nHho avmuf omoema&;twGufvnf; vufawGU usvSygonf/ olYywf0ef;usifwGif ewf0g'DwdkY 0dik ;f &Haeovdk olavhvmoifMum;aeonhf pmay rsm;wGifvnf; ewftaMumif; rdk;rTefatmif awGUaeMu&jcif;jzpfayrJh ewfESifhywfoufNyD; vufawGUwGifum; ewfrí ewfu,fwifí BuD;yGm;csrf;omolwpfOD;wpfavrQ rawGU&/ ud, k t fh m;ud, k u f ;kd ? ud, k x f u l , kd x f BuKd ;yrf;vkyf udkifMuaomaMumihfom BuD;yGm;csrf;om&onf udk awGU&\/ pdwu f ;l ESiv fh ufawGUudk bmaMumihf rEdiI ;f ,SO?f ravhvm? ra0zefMuygvdr[ fh k awG;rd cJh\/ rdrdb0&JU wdk;wufatmifjrifrIonf rdr&d UJ vkyw f t hJ vkyu f H ÓPf 0D&, d wdaYk Mumifh jzpf w,fqdkwmudk tjrifus,fus,fjzifh pOf;pm; qifjcifo;kH oyfoifyh gonf/ tjrifus,u f s,q f kd wJh bmaMumifx h nhaf jym&ovJqakd wmh ]]arm[ p&dwó tm'gEk*¾g[dwm 'kyÜ#dedó*¾dwm}} (tjrif u sOf ; aomol o nf t,l p G J o ef \ ) qdkwJh jrwfAk'¨&JU qdkrdefYcsuft& tjrifusOf; aer,fqdk&ifawmh obm0trSefudk rjrifEkdif awmh b J rd r d w d k Y & J U a&S ; ½d k ; pG J t jrif t wd k i f ; yJ vufcHusihfoHk; jrifrdoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ tjrif rrSefawmhvdkY NyD;jynhfpHk rIr&Sdawmh&if or®m 'd | d t jrif r jzpf E d k i f a wmh y g/ or® m 'd | d t jrif r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if or®mouFyÜqdkwJh aumif; aom? rSefaom? NyD;jynhfpHkaom tawG;[m vnf; jzpfay:vmrSmr[kwaf wmhygbl;/ 'gqdk &if r*¾if&Spf&yf tusihfjrwfvrf;pOfjzihf tvGJBuD; vGJí t½IH;BuD; ½IH;csufemoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifht,lpGJroefzdkY tjrifrusOf;zdkYqdkwm avmuom;awGtwGuf odyfudkta&;BuD;wJh vlom;usipfh Ofwpfcb k jJ zpfygw,f/ onfusipfh Of udk uGJjym;atmifcGJjcm;NyD;awmh pGJoGm;atmif

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vnf; rSwfom;owdaqmif&rSmjzpfygw,f/ avmurSm wHk;ayuwfoyfvlrdkuf (tE¨ A mv) rsm;[m t&rf ; ,H k ? tuef ; ,H k orm;rs m;jzpfNy;D trSm;^trSeu f kd pDppfco J nf/ orm;rsm;j tr f v kd nf; a0zefocd o hJ nf? rSm;rSef trSmS ;^trSeu a0cG J a jymcJ b d o nf ? trS m ;vS e f t rS e f u sih f c J onfqdkwJh ]]cJ}} av;&yfeJYNiduyfNyD; cJqdyfoifh um 'k u © a &muf M uNrJ j zpf y gw,f / vufawGUtusKd ;r&Syd gbJvsuf ,HMk unf aeMuolrsm;udk EGm;usonf[kxifjrifrdonf/ onfrdpämawGaMumifh wdkYvlrsdK;awG atmufwef; us&onf? tawG;tac:t& uRejf yKc&H onf[k jrifrd[ef&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumihf ]]vliY EGm;wd?Y k Bu;D rm; ,kwrf m? ewfrpd mä }} [kvnf;aumif;? ]]]]pdpdwfxJxif rSwf? iewfwdkYud uk[ d lívnf;aumif;? jrefrmyDyD eihef iho f ;D oD;yifac:cJMh ujcif;jzpfonf/ taMumif ; aumif ; atmif r vk y f csif b J tusd K ;xl ; &vd r f h E d k ; Ed k ; ES i f h tacsmif vrf ; pOf v d k u f ,H k M unf p G J v rf ; ol r sm;ud k ]]b,f 0 ,f w pf c g? ud k , f w d k i f v mí? Opö m xif&Sm;? b,folYtm;udk;? ewfrsm;ydkYvm? &Sdzl; ygtH}h } [k vufawGUar;cGef; xkwfí tawG;opf udk oGwfoGif;ay;cJhonf/ ]]owå0gud?k uHomt&if;? jyKzefqif; [k? ,lvQit f yfpmG ? ,ckrmS um;? csr;f omqif;&J? ewfcyJonf? ay;Nrw J rYkd mS ? xifrw S &f monf? rdpmä ,lrrd mS ;wnf;}} [k jypfwif½Iwfcsum qHk;rcJhav onf/ &Sifr[moDv0Houm; ewfudk;uG,f yorI t,ltqrSm;udk yxrqHk;wdkufzsufí tawG;opfç tjrifopfudkay;um ESvHk;om; awmfvSefa&;udk pwifcJhonhf vlom;pGrf;&nfjyK yk*¾dKvfjrwfjzpfygonf/ q&mawmf\ ewfawmf vSefa&; t&Sdeft0grSm awmifilacwfwdkif pl;&S xda&mufcJhyg\/ 'kw, d jrefrmEdik if aH wmfukd wnfaxmif í trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;a&;udk aqmif&GufcJhol qifjzL&Sifbk&ihfaemifrif;w&m;BuD;onf yg&rD awmfcef;ysKd UwGiv f monfh txufygtawG;opfç tjrif o pf u d k v uf c H u m ewf u d k ; uG , f r I u d k tmPmjzihfwm;jrpfum ydwfyifcJhygonf/ odw Yk ap anmif&rf;acwfa&mufaomf ewf0g'jyefvnfxeG ;f um;í bmoma&; omoem bufwiG v f nf; tif;? tdik ?f cvSUJ ? vufzUJG ? rEÅ,m aqmif q&mawmf B uD ; rsm; pd k ; rd k ; Muojzih f ewf0g'udk cdkifcefYatmif vkyfay;onhfES,f &Sdyg awmh\/ uke;f abmifacwfwiG f ydrk akd cwfpm;vm jyefonf/ rEÅav;uoJ&yfonf? ewf0g'tjrpf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

wG,frIudk wzefjyefvnfpwif&ma'ojzpfcJhwm orkid ;f aMumif;u oufaocHaeygonf/ rPdy&l uoJvrl sKd ;rsm;ESit fh wl ygvmcJah om ewf,Ofaus; rI tarGtESp\ f wnf&mjzpfcí hJ pmaytEkynm ESifh *DwbufwGif uRrf;usio f pl mqdBk u;D rsm;yif vQif ewfcsif;rsm;udk a&;ítm;ay;cJhjyefawmh a>ryl&muif;xyfarSmufwt hJ jzpfq;kd udk ,aeYxuf wdkif tusdK;oufa&mufygawmhonf/ ewfESifh ywfoufaom yGJawmfBuD;rsm;udk wNcdrfhNcdrhf usif;ycJhMuonfrS tpjyKcJhwJh tpOftvmqdk; Bu;D onf udv k ekd aD cwfjrefrmEdik if b H 0txd toJ pGJcdkifNrJwnf&SdcJhygawmhonf/ ewfu;kd uG,rf EI iS yfh wfoufwmawG[m wu,ftusKd ;&S½d ;kd rSecf &hJ if ewfww Ykd efc;kd eJY jrefrm jynf uReEf ikd if v H nf;jzpfcrhJ mS r[kwyf gbl;/ qif;&J iwfjywf vlYatmufolYatmufuswJh EdkifiHvnf; jzpfcJhrSm r[kwfavmufygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk ewf 0g'udk,HkMunfNyD; ujyaeMuwJh ewfq&mawG twGuf jynhfpHkzlvHkatmif apmifha&Smufawmf rlEdkifcJhMurSmjzpfygw,f/ tckawmh wpfEdkifiHvHk; olYuRefb0udk vnf; tESpfwpf&mausmf usa&mufcJh&? iwfvkd owf? jywfvdkYjywf? qif;&Jvdkqif;&JqdkwmawG 'kESihfa';? tJ'gawGudk ,HkNyD; udk;uG,f qnf;uyf q&mvkyfpm;aewJholawGudk,fwdkifu olrsm; ay;rS urf;rSpm;ae&wJh b0awGjzpfae&wm vnf; txift&Sm;BuD;? 'gvnf; t&rf;,Hk? tuef;,Hkorm;awGu &SdaeMuwm urÇmhtHhMo p&m ysuv f ;kH wpfct k jzpf ax&0g'omoema&; e,frSm tusnf;wefqHk; a&maxG;aeqJyg/ omoemawmf B uD ; &J U tusih f E S p f j zmqd k w m omoejA[®p&d,= omoemwnfaMumif;jzpf wJh jrihfjrwfwJhtusihf (0g) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU tqH k ; trawmf r sm; rwd r f a um ryaysmuf atmif oif t H u suf r S w f a qmif x m;&wJ h y&d , wå d v k y f i ef ; eJ Y ? r*¾jA[®p&d,= r*fzdkvf a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh jrihfjrwfwJhtusihf (0g) jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mñT e f w J h rZÑd r y#d y 'g usih f p Of E S i f h t nD vuf a wG U usih f o H k ; & wJ h y#d y wå d v k y f i ef ; wd k Y j zpf y gw,f / 'D a e&mrS m jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfrSm vkyfaqmifp&m vkyfief;qdkvdkY y&d,wf? y#dywfqdkwJh vkyfief; k w f ikd f ESpfrsdK;om&Sdygw,f/ 'Dvyk if ef;ESprf sKd ;udk ud, vkyfaqmifjcif;eJY vkyfaqmifaeMuwJh yk*¾dKvf rsm;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH vkyaf qmifEikd &f ef vdt k yfwhJ 0w¬K ypönf;rsm;udk pGrf;Edkif&m&m 0dkif;0ef;ulnD jcif;omvQif omoemjyKvkyfief;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvkyfief; ESpfrsdK;uvGJ&if omoemjyKvkyfief;

qdw k m r&SEd ikd yf gbl;/ 'Dvyk if ef;ESprf sKd ;r[kwyf gbJ ESihf omoem jyKvdkY trnfcHwm[m jrwfAk'¨&JU tvdkusr[kwfygbl;/ vkyfoihfwmudkrvkyfjcif; onf rvkyo f ifh wmudk vkyjf cif;rnfaomaMumihf omoemjyKwm r[k w f v Qif tjcm;bmrsm; jzpfEdkifao;vdkYvJ/ vlom;pGrf;&nfudk t"duOD;pm;ay; pGrf;aqmifvrf;jywJh jrwfAk'¨omoemawmfrSm vlYtodÓPfudk taMumufw&m;jzifh tarSmif wdkufí tacsmifEdIufpm;olawG&JU nm0g;NzD;vHk; zdefYvHk;awGudkvnf; urÇmh&GmtwGif;u acwf vlom;rsm;u vspv f sL½IvmcJw h m tqef;r[kwf awmhygbl;/ urÇmv h t Yl odik ;f t0dik ;f u ESmacgif;½Iwf aeMuwJh a,musm;f r[kww f hJ rde;f rpdwaf ygufae ol r sm;ud k vl & mroG i f ; vd k Y vl & mr0if M uwm b,folrS jiif;qefvdkYr&wJh trSefw&m;yg/ omoemrS qHk;½IH;aewJh a,musfm; ryD? rdef;r rnfwJh ewfuawmfrsm;&JU tvdrftnm udk 'l;axmufvuftkyf csDcH&wmavmuf nHhzsif; rdkufrJrI&Sdawmhrnfr[kwfay/ ]]Zmwdo&Pawmb,H= ud;k uG,&f m rS ab;jzpfwwfonf[laom Ak'¨pum;awmf t& owå 0 grsm;pG m onf ud k ; uG , f & mrS m ;í ab;'ku©rsm;pGma&mufcJhMuonf/ a&mufaeMu onf? a&mufMuvdrfhOD;rnf/ avmuom;rsm;pGm taejzihf pnf;pdrfcsrf;omtjzmjzmudk vdkvm; awmifw h aomaMumihv f nf; ud;k uG,&f m&SmMuo vdk? ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;udk aMumufvefYí vnf; udk;uG,f&m&SmMuonf/ udk;uG,f&mu ab;tEÅ&m,fESihfcsrf;ompnf;pdrfudk ay;rnf[k ,HkMunfMuavonf/ xdkYodkYtm;udk;&mudk &SmazG aeaomfvnf; wu,fppfreS af omtm;ud;k &mudk rawGU&SdEdkifbJ awGa0jcif;jzihfom tcsdefukef? aiGuek ?f vlyrf;jzpfMu&onf/ [kwo f nfreS o f nf rpdppfbJ rd½;kd zvm;twkid ;f ud;k uG,t f m;xm;ae Muaomfvnf; 'H;k &if;[m'H;k &if;twkid ;f yJqw kd m udk owdvufvGwfaeMuonf/ ppfrSefaomvrf; aMumif; ay:odkYra&mufEdkifao;orQ oluef; wef;BuD;uJhodkY ppfrSefaomNidrf;at;rI csrf;om

ppfudk &&SdEdkifrnf r[kwfay/ oajyuef q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ o&P*Hkw&m;awmfusrf;pmtkyfwGif bk & m;? w&m;? oH C mES i h f uH ç uH \ tusd K ; wd k Y u d k ,H k M unf & mwG i f o'¨ g ES i h f , S O f w G J í o&P*H k w nf & rnf j zpf N yD ; ¤if ; rS t y ewf j zpf j zpf ? ewf q &mjzpf j zpf jyif y yk * ¾ d K vf wpH k w &mud k ud k ; uG , f r d v Qif omoem rS m qH k ; ½I H ; onf / o&P*H k y suf p D ; rnf [ k qH k ; r a[mñT e f x m;ygonf / jrwfAk'¨\ opöm"r® w&m;awmf r sm;rS m vnf ; touf ? 0d n mOf ? vdyfjym[lír&Sd? cE¨mig;yg; (½kyf= azmufjyefrI oabm? emrf= odrI oabm) w&m;wkdYonf jzpfç ysufay:wGif tajccHrIoabmw&m;om &S d y gí oówrd p ä m 'd | d vrf;pOfBuD;udkvnf; txift&Sm;a[mjyxm; onfukd txl;owdcsyf oihv f yS gonf/ odkYwap aESmif;acwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;u ra0zef? rqef;ppfcJhbJ ]]ynmryg o'¨gezg;rG}} t&rf;,HkMunfcJhjcif;udk 0dbZÆ0g'D jzpfawmfrl aom jrwfAk'¨\ wynhfom0ursm;yDyD 0dbZÆ?

0DrHoe? 0dZÆmp&PÓPfjzihf a0zefqef;ppf&ef aemifacwfom;wdkYu wGef;tm;ay;vmaeNyD; jzpfygonf/ &ifhusufcdkifrmwJh NyD;jynhfpHkwJh tod ynmw&m;rsm;jzihf aMumuf arQmfuif;jywf tmZmenfpdwf"mwfudk t&if;wnfí ]]rSm;rSef tjzpf pd p pf & J a p? rS m ;trS e f a 0zef o d & J a p? rSm;rSefa0cGJ ajym&Jwwfap? trSm;vSeftrSef usihf&JapqdkwJh &Jav;csuf}} eJY jynhfpHkolrsm; jzpfro S m jrwfA'k \ ¨ wynho f m;yDoolrsm;tjzpf avmutv,f r S m aomuawG r <u,f b J ynmw&m;jzihf tjrifrSefNyD; tMuifemw&m;jzihf qufvuf&iS o f efoGm;EdkifrSmjzpfwmrdkY &Sifr[m oD v 0H o \pd w f " mwf u d k omoemjyKtarG qufcHEdkifMuygapaMumif; tyÜrm' armif;wD; cwf aMujimvdkufygoAsdKU/ ud k a t;rif ; (yJ c l ; ) tñT e f ; o&P*k H u srf ; pmw&m;awmf

pmrsuf E S m 13 rS 'gaMumih f ]]armCH umvH eac ya,}} vl u sih f v l B uH vl r S e f o l r sm; tusih f w&m;uk d tm;yg;rxk w f rI r [k w f o nh f vl,kwf trsm;usihfaysmfyg;onhf tvum; jzpf w J h t csd e f BuD ; uk d tvum;jzKef ; wD ; í tcsnf;ESD;rvkyfvkduf ygeJYqkdwJh pum;av; uk d &if x J r S m rS w f o m;NyD ; vl Y u sih f 0 wf vl Y

pnf ; urf ; awG u k d vd k u f e musih f aqmif N yD ; vl a wG x J u vl t ppf w pf a ,muf jzpf atmif BuKd ; pm;Ek d i f M uygapvd k Y apwem trS e f e J Y a&;om;wif j yvk d u f y gw,f / 'k u © m rk p ö E Å K tñT e f ; - ynm&S d r sm;\ Mo0g' vu© P (aysmf b G , f )

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

bk&m;pifppf [kwfr[kwf pdwfjzihfar;aom tar;av;csufudk jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif ajzMum;awmfrlyHk armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) bk&m;pifppf [kwfr[kwf pdwfjzihfar;aom tar;av;csuf tajzav;csufum; okwåedygwf ygVdawmf [d&dokwfü vm&Sdygonf/ vG w f v G w f p G e f Y v S L NyD ; awmxG u f o l a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;ocif yGiahf wmfrrlr?D om0w¬jd ynfü olaX; om;wpfa,mufonf? rdbrsm;uG,v f eG af omtcg &So d rQypön;f Opömwdu Yk kd pGev Yf w T v f LS 'gef;ay;urf;Ny;D aemuf? &aoh&[ef;jyKum [dr0EÅmü aeav\/ tjrwf q H k ; aom &aoh r sd K ; xddk&aohum; &aoh&SpfrsdK;&Sdonhfteuf? 0P³rkwådu &aohrsdK; jzpfav\/ tn§mwHrSjyKwfí a<uusaom opf&GufwdkYudkom oHk;aqmif onhf tjrwfqHk;aom &aohrsdK;jzpfonf/ ynmygaom yk p ä m av;csuf a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;yGihfvmaomtcg? "r®vufaqmif ykpäm av;csuu f kd pD&ifNy;D aemuf Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfb&k m;txHawmfoYkd vma&muf qnf;uyfavonf/ rdrdpD&ifcJhaom ykpämav;csufwdkYudkvnf;? EIwfjzihf ravQmufbJ pdwfjzihf ar;jref;pl;prf;avQmufxm;av\/ yk p ä m av;csuf u m; (1) tb,foaYkd om rdwaf qGukd rrS0D J raygif;oif;tyfygoenf;/ (2) tb,fodkYaom rdwfaqGudkrS rSD0Jaygif;oif;tyfygoenf;/ (3) tb,fodkYaom tm;xkwfjcif;udk tm;xkwftyfygoenf;/ (tb,fodkYaom 0D&d,rsdK;udk tm;xkwftyfygoenf;) (4) tb,ft&omonfom tjrwfqHk;t&omjzpfygoenf;/ xdkpdwfjzihf ar;jref;avQmufxm;vmaom &aoh\tar;ykpäm av;csufudk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf auseyfatmif ajzMum;awmfrl\/ raygif ; oif ; tyf a om rd w f a qG w k (1) t&Sufw&m;uif;rJhol/ (2) igonfum; oif\rdwaf qGtppfyg[kajymvsu?f aqmif&u G f Edkifaom trIudpöudkyif jyKvkyfray;ol/ pmrsuf E S m 6 rS twG u f quf v uf c sD w uf a eMuwmjzpf v k d Y *kPf,lp&myg/ - ]te0ZÆ o k c } qk d w m tjypf uif;&Sif;wJh csrf;omjcif;yg/ ]om0ZÆ} qkdwm tjypf&Sdwm? tjypf ruif;wm/ ]te0ZÆ} qkw d m tjypfr&Sw d m? tjypf uif;wm/ tjypf u if ; &S i f ; wJ h t rI u d p ö a wG u k d aqmif&Gufjcif;[m ]r*Fvmwpfyg;} vdkY r*Fv okwfrSm ]te0ZÆmed ur®med? {wH r*Fv rkwårH}

(3) EIwfomcsdKí udk,frygaomol/ (4) uGjJ ym;jcif;udo k m ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfvsuf tNro J wdxm;ae aomol/ (5) rSm;aomtuGufudk tNrJ½Iaomol/ þonfonfum; rdwfaqGppfr[kwf/ raygif;azmftyfay/ aygif ; azmf t yf a om rd w f a qG p pf (1) rdrdtay: oHo,vHk;0r&Sd? OD;apmufcs&if;ESD;ol/ (2) wpfyg;aomyk*Kd¾ vw f u Ykd raumif;aomtaMumif; &maxmif atmifajymí ukef;wkdufaomfvnf; vHk;0pdwf0rf;ruGJol/ þolum; rdwfaqGppfjzpf\/ aygif;azmf&rnf/ jyKoih f a o mvH k Y v ya,m* omvH 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omrIukd jyKwwfaom csr;f omokcudk aqmifaom vHkYvya,m*rsdK;udk jyK&rnf/ tjrwf q H k ; t&om y0da0u&o/ Oyor&o/ "r®yDwd&o[kac:qdktyfaom t&[wåzdkvfw&m;awmfonf tvGefaumif;jrwfaom tjrwfqHk;aom t&omjzpf\/ xkt d &[wåzv kd t f &omrsKd ;udk aomufo;kH &aomolum; udav omtylrS uif;a0;&\/ tukodkvfcyfodrf;rS Nidrf;at;uif;aysmuf&av onf/ (ck? okwå? yg? [d&D-318? |? y? 309 rS 313) ES p f & uf o H k ; &uf j zih f &[EÅ m jzpf o G m jcif ; jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[mMum;awmfrlaom xdkw&m;qHk;vwf aomf xdk&aohonf Ak'¨jrwfpGmtxHawmfü &[ef;jyK&m? ESpf&ufoHk;&uf rQjzihf &[EÅmjzpfoGm;&avownf;/ (ck? okwå? yg? t|uxm? 314) armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)

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DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

20

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THE BODHIPAKKH OR THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORS L by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag

TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo T (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) (3) yk * ¾ d K vf o H k ; rsd K ; ¤if;ygVdawmfüyifvQif olem 3-a,mufudk OyrmjyKí yk*¾dKvf 3- a,mufudk a[mawmfrljyef\/ olem 3- a,mufqdkonfum;1/ aq;0g;udrk 0DS aJ omf tcsed u f svQif {uefaysmufNird ;f rnhf olem wpfrsdK;/ 2/ b,fvykd if aq;0g;udrk 0DS jJ im;aomfvnf; þtemrS rxajrmuf rlí {uefaornhf olemwpfrsdK;/ 3/ roifhaomt&mudk a&SmifMuOfí "mwfpm aq;0g;udk Ed k i f a vmuf a tmif rS D 0 J y grl u m; þtemrS xajrmuf v wå H U / roifhaomt&m udk ra&SmifMuOfcJhaomfvnf;aumif;? aq;0g;udk Ed k i f a vmuf a tmif rrS D 0 J cJ h a omf v nf ; aumif ; þtemES i h f y if aovwåHUaom olemwpfrsdK;/ þum; olem 3-rsdK;wnf;/ yXrol e mES i h f w l o l a&S;a&S;bk&m;wdkYtxHu ed,wAsm'dwf &&SdNyD;jzpfí ,ckb0 wGif {ueftuRwf&vwåHUaomolonf yXrolemESihfwl\/ 'k w d , ol e mESihfwlol y'y&r y'y&ryk*Kd¾ vrf sKd ;wdo Yk nf 'kw, d olemESiw fh \ l / 'kw, d olemonf þtemrS xcGirfh &So d uJo h Ykd y'y&ryk*Kd¾ vo f nf b,fvykd if tm;xkwaf omf vnf; þb0ü uRwcf iG rhf &? aemufaemufb0ürlum; þbk&m;omoem rSmaomfvnf; uRwEf ikd \ f / aemufaemufb&k m;omoemwdrYk mS vnf; uRwf Edkif\/ qwårmP0 vkvif0w¬Kç zm;ewfom;0w¬Kç opöuy&dAdkZf wdkYonf aemufb0ü þbk&m;omoemrSmyif uRwfMuukef\/ wwd , ol e mES i h f w l o l ae,syk*¾dKvfrsdK;wd ; kYonf wwd,olemESihfwl\/ wwd,olem onf temaysmufNird ;f cGiçfh þtemESiyfh if aoqH;k cGiEhf pS v f rf;ESihf qufqH ouJo h Ykd ae,sy*k Kd¾ vo f nfvnf; ,ckb0ü uRwcf iG çhf ruRwcf iG fh ESpb f uf

(Continue form last week) Three Types of Individuals In the same Pit.akas referred to above, the Buddha gave another classification of beings, dividing them into three classes according as they resembled three kinds of sick persons. The three kinds of sick persons are: (1) A person who is certain of regaining health in duc time even though he does not take any medicine or treatment.

(2) A person who is certain of failing to make a recovery, and dying from the illness, no matter to what extent he may take medicines or treatment.

(3) A person who will recover if he takes the right medicine and treatment, but who will fail to recover and die if he fails to take the right medicine and treatment. These are the three kinds of sick persons.

Persons who obtained niyata-vya-karan.a (sure prediction made by a Buddha) from previous Buddhas, and who as such are certain of obtaining release from worldly ills in this life, resemble the first class of sick persons.

An individual of the Padaparama class resembles the second class of sick person, Just as this second class of sick person has no chance of recovery from his illness, an individual of the padaparama class has no chance of obtaining release from worldly ills during this life. In future lives, however, he can obtain release either within the present Buddha Sa-sana, or within future Buddha Sa-sanas. The story of the youth Chattama-n.ava, of the frog who became a deva, and of the ascetic Saccaka, are illustrations of persons who obtained release from worldly ills in their next following existences within the present Buddha Sa-sanas.

An individual of the neyya class resembles the third class of sick person. Just as a person of this third class is related to the two ways of either recovering or dying from the sickness, so is a Neyya individual related to the two eventualities of either obtaining release from worldly ills during the present life, or failing to obtain such release.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

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uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

yu©, d 'DyeD

AKKHIYA DIPANI OR RS LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENT by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

Nyo Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service.

ESihf qufqH\/ rdrdt&G,f 0k¹dudk odí pGefYy,foifhaomt&mudk pGefYy,f í q&mOyedó,udk &SmBuHwG,fwmí ae&mus w&m;udk&&Sdí 0D&d, w&m;udk vHkavmufpGm tm;xkwfaprlum; ,ckb0ü uRwfEdkif\/ tvGefarSmufrSm;aom w&m;udk vkdufpm;uRHvGefNyD; jzpfcJhaomf vnf;aumif;ç umr*kPw f &m;udk rpGeEYf ikd &f cdS ahJ omfvnf;aumif;ç pGeEYf ikd yf g aomfvnf; q&mOyedó,aumif;udk trSrD &cJo h nf&adS omfvnf;aumif;ç q&mOyedó,aumif;udk awGU&Syd gaomfvnf; 0D&, d w&m;udk vHak vmuf pGm tm;xkwrf rI &Scd ahJ omfvnf;aumif;ç tm;xkwv f ykd gaomfvnf; t&G,f Bu;D &ihí f pdw&f w dS idk ;f rvkyEf ikd f &Scd ahJ omfvnf;aumif;ç ysKd &, G o f jl zpfygaomf vnf; *dvmeyk*¾dKvf jzpfcJhaomfvnf;aumif; ,ckb0ü ruRwfEdkifNyD/ tZmwowfrif;ç r[m"e olaX;om;ç &[ef;&Sio f 'k ed w f o Ykd nf ,ckb0ü uRwfxdkufaom olwdkYyifwnf;/ tZmwowfrif;onf tzudo k wfrí d ,ckb0ü ruRwEf ikd ?f aemifoo H &mü urÇmESpo f acsw F ikd af tmif arsmaví yapöuAk'g¨ jzpfvwåUH [l\/ r[m"eolaX;om;onf t&G,f&SdpOftcgü umr*kPftrdkuf tvkduftpm;MuL;íae\/ t&G,fBuD;&ihfaomtcgü pdwfMunfcGihf r&&Sd bJae\/ uRwfrIrSm a0;pG? &wemoHk;yg;ESifh qufqHcGihfudkyif r&avNyD/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;jrifawmfrlí &SiftmeE´mudk þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/ ]]tmeE´m..þolaX;om;onf yXrt&G,f i,f&, G pf Oftcgü igbk&m;omoemrSm &[ef;jyKygbdrlum; &[EÅmjzpfí ,ckb0rSmyif y&dedAÁmef pH&vwåHU? xdkodkYr[kwf 'kwd,t&G,fü igbk&m;omoemrSm &[ef;jyKygbdrlum; tem*grfjzpfí aovGefvQif ok'¨g0go jA[®mhbHkrSm y&deAd mÁ ef pH&vwåUH ? xdo k rYkd [kwf wwd,t&G,af &mufü igbk&m;omoem rSm &[ef;jyKygbdru l m;- ou'g*grftjzpfç aomwmyeftjzpfoaYkd &mufí tyg,foHo&mrS tpOfxm0&vGwfNidrf;avtHh}}- [k t&SiftmeE´mudk rdefYawmfrl\/ ypä d r b0d u yif j zpf a p þodkY&ihfNyD;aom yg&rD&Sdaom ypädrb0duom;yifjzpfjim;aomf vnf; ed,wAsm'dwf &&SdNyD;aomolr[kwfacsu bk&m;omoemESihf awGUvsufyif udk,fwGif;udavom aomif;usef;rI uRHvGef;onhftwGuf

If such a Neyya individual, knowing what is good for him according to his age, discards what should be discarded, searches for the right teacher, and obtains the right guidance from him and puts forth sufficient effort, he can obtain release from worldly ills in this very life. If, however, he becomes addicted to wrong views and wrong ways of conduct, if he finds himself unable to discard sensual pleasures he does not obtain the guidance of a good teacher ill although obtaining the guidance of a good teacher, he is unable to evoke sufficient effort, if although inclined to put forth effort he is unable to do so through old age, if although young he is liable to sickness he cannot obtain release from worldly ills in this present life. Kind Aja-tasattu, the millionairy Maha-dhana's son. Bhikkhu Sudinna. are cases of persons who could have obtained release from worldly ills in this present existence.

King Aja-tasattu failed to obtain release because he had committed patricide. It is stated that he will drift in future samsara (round of rebirths) for two asankheyyas (unit followed by 140 ciphers) world-cycles, after which he will become a paccekabuddha (Solitary Buddha).

The millionaire Maha-dhana's son indulged himself so excessively in sensual pleasures during his youth that he was unable to attain tranquillity of mind when he grew older. Far from obtaining release from worldly ills, he did not even get the opportunity of associating with the Seeing his plight at - Ti-Ratanas. that stage, the Buddha said to Ananda. "Ananda, if this millionaire's son had become a bhikkhu in my Sa-sana during his youth or first period of his life, he would have become an Arahat and would have attained Parinibba-na in this present life. If, otherwise, he had become a bhikkhu during the second period of his life, he would have become an Ana-ga-mi, and on death would have been reborn in the Suddha-va-sabraluna loka, whence he would have attained parinibba-na. In the next alternative, if he had become a bhikkhu in my Sasana at the beginning of the third period of life, he would have become either a Sakada-ga-mi or a Sota-panna, and would have attained permanent release from rebirth in the

DHAMMA TALK

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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

,ckb0 tuRwrf &av/ ,ckb0jyKaom raumif;rIupH t k wGuf tyg,f ü b0&Snv f sm;íaejyefvQif arawå,sb&k m;&Sio f moemüvnf; ay:vm OD;rnfr[kw?f aemufüvnf; oknurÇmawGom rsm;pGm&Sad wmhonf/ teD; tyg;ü bk&m;yGihfaomurÇmr&SdNyD/ &ihfNyD;aom yg&rD&Sdaom ypädrb0du jzpfol xdkolaX;om;onf uRwfcGihfuRwfvrf; uGmvSrf;vsuf&Sd\/ uRwf a vmuf a tmif u sih f r S o m ,ckumvü trsm;wdYk rSwx f ifaeMuonfum;- yg&rDjynhv f Qif bk&m;omoemESifh rawGUcsiaf omfvnf; rae& awGU&rnfrck s? ruRwcf sif aomfvnf; rae& uRw&f rnfrck s- [k rSwx f ifMuuke\ f / ed,wç ted, w &Sdonfudk owdrrlMuukef? þodkYjyqkdcJhNyD;aom ygVdawmfESpf&yfudk vnf;aumif;? ]]r[m"e}} olaX;om;0w¬Kudkvnf;aumif; axmufajr§mfí uRwx f u kd af om yg&rD&MdS uukeaf omfvnf; ted,w ae,sy*k Kd¾ vrf sKd ;wdrYk mS uRwfavmufatmif usihfMuukefrSom þbk&m;omoemü r*fç zdkvfudk &EdkifMuukefonf/ uRwfxdkufaomyg&rD &SdMuukefaomfvnf; usihfrIvHkYv 0D&, d ,kwaf vsmí h aecJv h Qif þbk&m;omoemü r*fç zkv d u f kd r&Muuke-f [laom oabmudk ,HkMunfpGm odtyfrSwftyf\/ ]]tmVm&}} &aohç ]]O'u}} &aohwu Ykd o hJ Ykd uRwx f u kd af omyg&rD &SMd uygvsuf avmuü bk&m; yGifhqJtcgwGif rdrdwdkYu t&yfjypf&Spfyg;odkY a&mufíaeckdufBuHKonfESihf bk&m;aygif; wpf&m? wpfaxmifru yGifhaomfvnf; uRwfcGifhr& &SdaeMu ukefaom owå0gteEÅwdkYonfum; þomoemrS tvGwfjzpfukef\/ tbd"r®m yk*¾vynwf ygVdawmfç okwåef t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfwdkYü a[mawmfrlaom yk*¾dKvfav;rsdK;ç oHk;rsdK; cGJcPf;NyD;\/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS aocgeD;tcgü oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkYu ar;jref;tyfonf&Sdaomf? rsufESmromr,mrjzpf&tHhaomiSm taMumif;jzpfaom psmef? r*fzdkvf w&m;xl;udk ig&xm;jcif;&Sdyg\avm[k &[ef;onf tNrJqifjciftyf\/ aygif; þw&m; (10) yg;wdkYudk tNrJqifjciftyfav\/ qif j cif t yf a omw&m; (10) yg; &S i f ; vif ; csuf (1) igonf vlwdkYESihf toGifrwlaomoljzpfonf[lívnf;aumif;/ (2) ig\ pm;0wfaerIonf vlwdkYudk rSDcdkae&onf[lívnf;aumif;/ (3) igonf vlwEYkd iS rfh wlaom oGm;vmajymqdk pm;aomufaexkid 0f wfqif ponfh trlt&mwdkYudk jyK&rnf[lívnf;aumif;/ (4) ighudk,fig oDvjzihf rpGyfpGJbJ&Sdyg\avm[lívnf;aumif;/ (5) oDwif;oHk;azmfawGu ihgudk xdkYenf;wl rpGyfpGJbJ &SdMuukef\avm [lívnf;aumif;/ (6) igcspcf ifEpS o f ufaomolwEYkd iS fh aouG?J &Siu f ?JG auGuif;&jcif;wnf;[l aom yD,0dyÜa,m* 'ku©oabmudk rvGefqefEdkif[kvnf;aumif;/ (xdkoabmwdkYudk awGUwwf&pNrJom[k qifjcifae&rnfjzpfonf[lvdk) (7) igjyKorQuH\tusdK;udk igomcH? igompH&rnf[lívnf;aumif;/ (8) igonf (þavmuü) tb,fenf;jzihf tcsed af wG ukev f eG cf o hJ enf;/ (ukodkvfjzihf ukefvGefcJhovm;/ tukodkvfjzihf ukefvGefcJhygovm;) [lívnf;aumif;/ (9) igonf qdwfNidrf&mrSm arGUavsmfyg\avm/ (vltrsm;ESifh taygif; tazmfrsm;ESifh a&maESmaecsifygovm;) [lívnf;aumif;/ (10) igaoqHk;cgeD;tcsdefwGif ig\oDwif;oHk;azmfawGu ]]ihg&Sif tb,f w&m;udk &NyD;NyDvJ}} [k ar;Muaomtcg rnfodkYrQ rajzEdkifonhftjzpfrsdK; ra&muf&avatmif? igonf ]]þpsmef? þr*f? þzdkvfudkjzihf &NyD;avNyD}}

apa-ya lokas. Thus said the Buddha to the Vinerable Ananda-.

Thus, although, he (the millionaire Mahadana's son) possessed pa-rami- ripe enough to make his present existence his last existence, not being a person who had secured niyata vya-karana, he failed to obtain release from worldly ills in his present life because of the upheavals caused by the defilements within him, and this is despite the fact that he had the opportunity of encountering the Buddha Sasana. If further, his period of existence in the apaya lokas is prolonged because of evil acts done in this existence, he would not be able to rise again and emerge out of those apa-ya lokas in time for the Sa-sana of the future Metteyya Buddha. And after that, the large number of world-cycles that follow are world-cycles where no Buddhas appear, there being world where Buddhas are due to appear. Alas! far indeed is this millionaire's son from release from worldly ills even though he possessed pa-rami- ripe enough to make his present existence his last existence.

The general opinion current at the present day is that, if the pa-ramis are complete, one cannot miss encountering a Buddha Sa-sana even if one does not wish to do so, and that one's release from worldly ills is ensured even though one may not desire such release. These people fail to pay attention to the existence of niyata (one who has obtained a sure prediction made by a Buddha) and aniyata (one who has not obtained a sure prediction made by a Buddha). Considering the two texts from the Pit.aka mentioned above, and the story of the millionaire Ma-ha-dhana-'s son, it should be remembered that aniyata neyya individuals can attain release from worldly ills in this life only if they put forth sufficient effort, even if they possess pa-rami sufficient to enable them to obtain such release. If industry and effort are lacking, the Paths and the Fruits cannot be attained within the present Buddha Sa-sana.

Apart from these classes of persons, there are- also an infinite number of other beings who, like the ascetics Al.ara and Uddaka, possess sufficient pa-rami for release from worldly ills, but who do not get the opportunity, because they happen to be in one or the other of the eight inopportune places (at.t.hakkhan.as) where it is not possible to attain the Paths and the Fruits thereof.

(Here ends the part showing the division of beings into four and three classes according to Puggala-Paññatti of the Abhidhamma Pit.aka and the Anguttara-Nika-ya of the Suttana Pit.aka.)

(To Be Continue)

[k &Tif&Tifvef;vef; jyefMum;ajzqdkEdkifatmif ihgrSm &xm;NyD;aom psmef w&m;? r*fw&m;? zdv k w f &m;xl;rsm; &SNd y;D jzpfavoavm[lívnf;aumif;? &[ef;oHCmwkid ;f þt&mXme w&m; (10) yg;udk tNrw J rf;qifjcifaeMu &rnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif qHk;ra[mMum; awmfrlcJhygo wnf;/ ]]oyÜ a nm- y#d o aE¨ y nm? onÍö b m0,H - 0d y óemynm? ed y aum- yg#d [ m&d , ynm? xd k y nmoH k y g;wd k Y E S i h f jynh f p H k a wmf r l M uygap...}} "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q k d i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/

SPECIAL COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

aqmif y k ' f v uF m vlewfjA[®m? owå0gwdkY csrf;omokc? &BuD;&atmif y&[dw? usihfaypGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;/ (2) oGmu©mawm acgye aweb*0 wm"ar®m? oE´|d ad um tumvd aum? {[dyódaum Moyae,sdaum? ypöwåH a0'dwaAÁm 0dnL[d/ xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf oE´d|du tp ypöwaHå 0'dwAÁtqH;k &Sad om *kPaf wmfwEYkd iS fh jynhpf akH wmfral om w&m;awmf jrwfudk aumif;pGmraoG a[mMum;awmfrltyfygay\/ þonfum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ESpfck ajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f t vuF m oGmu©mwwm? tpjzmvsuf? ajcmufjzm*kPf&nf? jynhfpHknD onfh? tvDvD"r®? a[mazmfjy? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;/ (3) £'H ukovEÅad cgye aweb*0wm okynwå?H £'HtukovEÅd okynwåH £'Hom0ZÆH £'Htem0ZÆH £'Hao0dwAÁH £'Heao0dwAÁH £'HuPSokuú oyÜ#dbm*EdÅ okynwåH/ / xdak *gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;onf þum; ukov dk ?f þum; tukokdvfw&m;[lívnf;aumif;? þum;tjypf&Sdaom w&m;? þum;tjypfr&Sdaomw&m;[lívnf;aumif;? þum; rSD0Jtyfaom w&m;? þum;rrS0D t J yfaomw&m;[lívnf;aumif;? þum; ,kwaf om w&m;? þum; jrwfaomw&m;[lívnf;aumi;f? þum; rJnpfaom w&m;? þum;jzLpif a omw&m;[l í vnf ; aumif ; ? a0zef c G J j cm;í aumif;pGma[mMum;awmfrltyfygonf/ þum;a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ oHk;ckajrmuf aom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f v uF m þum; ukodkvf? tukokdvf[k xdkxdk"r® cGJjcm;jy? Ak'¨&Sifawmf jrwfygbk&m;/ / (4) okynwåm acgye aweb*0wm om0umeH edAÁme *grdedy#dy'g/ xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf O*¢g#dwnL? 0dypdöwnL? ae,sy'? y&r[kqdktyfaom om0uav;yg; wynhfrsm; wdkYtm; edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif; aumif;jrwfaom tusihfw&m; r*¾if &Spfyg;udk aumif;pGmraoG a[mMum;awmfrltyfygay\/ þonfum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ av;ck ajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f t vuF m edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif;? w&m;aumif;[k? vrf;aMumif;r*¾? ñTeu f m jy Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;/ (5) tbdedyæaEémacgye wób*0awm? vmabm tbdedyæaEém odavmaum/ ,m0ran cwd¬,m ordÜ,m, rme ½lyg0d[&EÅd 0d*wr a'g acgyeaomb*0g tm[m&H tm[ma&wd/ / xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;tm; (1) vmbfvmb ylaZmfouúm&onf vGefuJrsm;jym;jzpfyGm;av\/ (2) aus;Zl;owif;ausmfapmjcif;onf pMu0Vmwpfaomif; taygif; rqefY jyefYESHYav\/ (3) rif;ESihfwuGaom vlewfjA[®m owå0gtaygif;wdkYonf xdkjrwfpGm bk&m;udk qyGm;uJrdk; MunfndKjrwfEdk;Muukef\/

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þodkY tbdedyæEévmb? tbdedyæEéodavmu? wdavmu yoEé tjzpfudk cH,lawmfrl&ygvsuf xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m; onf rmefaxmifrmefvSpf? rmef,pfjcif;uif;pGm? aumif;qdk;a&m`yGrf; qGrf;tm[m&udk rQwNidrf;at;? bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifawmfrl\/ þonfum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ig;ck ajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f t vuF m r[mvmb? odavmuESihf? avmut[dk? rsm;MunfndKvnf; a&Tudk,fawmfjrwf? vGefwnfhrwfvsuf? pdwf"mwfjrifhum? r0ihf0gbJ? rme uif;um? &Sif;&Sif;uGmí tpmtm[m&? oHk;aqmifpGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf ygbk&m;/ ouFe;f ESiafh usmif;? aomif;ajymif;axGjym;? &&mtm;jzih?f aq;0g; rQw? oHk;aqmifpGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;/ (6) v'¨ o [ma,m acgyeaomb*0g? aocgeaÍö 0 y#d y Eé m eH ? cDPm o0geÍö 0kodw 0wH/ awb*0g tEkycZÆ {um&mrwH rEk,kawåm 0d[ &wd/ / xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf aou©&[EÅm NcH&Humjzihf rsm;pGmaomif;aomif; tazmftaygif;&Sdygjim;vnf; xdktrsm; pk taygif;pktwGif;odkY rcsOf;ruyfbJ udk,fawmfjrwfwpfyg;wnf;om {upm&TifNyHK; oDwif;oHk;pHaeawmfrl\/ þonfum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ajcmuf ckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f t vuF m aou©&[EÅm NcH&Hygvnf; {upm&? usihfaypGmh Ak'¨&Sifawmf jrwfygbk&m;/ (7) ,xm0g'D acgye aomb*0g? wxmum&D ,xmum&D wxm0g'D/ xdak *gwrxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;onf a[mMum;awmf rlonfhtwkdif; usihfoHk;awmfrl\/ usihfoHk;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; a[mMum; awmfrl\/ þonfum; a*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ckepfck ajrmufaom ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f t vuF m a[mwdkif;vnf;usihf? usihfwdkif;vnf;a[m? tpOfacsmvsuf? avsmfaom"r®? usihfaypGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;/ (8) wd P Ö 0d p d u d a pä m acgye aomb*0g? 0d * wuxH u awm y&da,m odw ouFayÜg oZÑmo,H tm'djA[® p&d,H/ xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf jrwfaom rSD&m OD;pGmaom tusihfjzpfaom t&d,mr*fjzihf ouf&SdoufrJh y&rwfynwf cyfodrf;aom t&mwdkYü ,HkrSm;jcif;wdkY ul;ajrmufawmfrl\/ awG;awm BuHpnfjcif;\ NyD;qHk;jcif;? Nidrf;at;jcif;odkY a&mufawmfrlygay\/ þodkYt&mcyfodrf;wdkYü ,HkrSm;oHo, uif;Nidrf;jcif;onf a*gwrxGwfxm;oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;\ &Spfckajrmufaom ,xmbkpö *kPfawmfBuD;ygaywnf;/ aqmif y k ' f t vuF m tm'djA[®? p&d,[k? t&d,r*¾? jrwf"r®jzihf? oHo,odkYavm? awG;awmjcif;rS? uif;aypGmh? Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfygbk&m;/ {0H (y) £rdem ya*Fe orEém*wH ow¬m&H ae0 twDwH ao orEkyómr eyaew&[d tnMwawe b*0wm/ / pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

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aomif;usef;aeyHkudkvnf;aumif;? xdk'kp½dkufqdk;rsm;\ usufpm;wwf&m XmeoHk;ckudkvnf;aumif; a&;om;xkwfqdkum azmfjycJhNyD;avNyD/ wpfzef xdk usupf m;cdak tmif;wwf&m pm;usuo f ;kH ckoYkd vdu k í f vnf; y,fowf&rnfh odum© wdb Yk ufuvnf; oH;k yg;yifjzpfaMumif;udv k nf; xkwfqdkcJhNyD;NyD/ ,cktcgüum; 'd|Od ;D pD;aom xd'k pk ½du k w f u Ykd kd owdO;D pD;aom r*¾it f yk pf rk sm;jzihf tqihfqifh y,fowfyHk? wGJpyfjy&m tcef;wnf;/ orm"dbm0 jynhf0íaeacsNyD...0D&d,wif;ay;yg/ owdt&Sdef wufíaeacsNyD...pdl;pdkuftm; tul0ifay;yg/ orx0dyóemwdkY wdkufuGufcsif; rwlygacs/ orxum; twnf owdpyf½HkrQjzifhNyD;pD;\/ 0dyóemum; tvIyfpdkuftm;jzihf EdIufMunhfrS NyD;pD;\/ okdYaMumihf orxt&mwkef;u rdrdESm0udkom rJwif;½I&ef ñTef Mum;cJhyg\/ orm"dr&ihfusuf pdwfrNidrfoufao;aomaMumihf... þ0d y óemt&mwG i f u m; ½I u G u f w G i f ; ay:vmorQ vufrvTwfwrf; ay:&mzrf;í uGJjym;od odaponftxd ½IMunhf&rnf/ orm"d&ihfusuf pdwfNidrfoufaeNyD jzpfaomaMumihf ... olYbuf avedrdwf jzpfysufawGUuvnf;...pdkufMunhf udk,fhESmzsm;buf jzpfysufawGUuvnf;...pdkufMunhf pdu k Mf unhpf um;ESifh txl;½Ipum;oabmoGm; twlwyl ifwnf;/ rSwfcsufwif;rS tjrif½Sif;rnf/ pl;pdkufrS oJuGJrnf/ u/ b,fol ½IovJ? bmaMumihf½IovJ? ½Iol\ ydkif&Sifu b,fol vJ? þar;cGef;oHk;csuf oihfudk,fydkifÓPfjzihf tajzxGuf&efwnf;/ c/ igqdkonfrSm wu,f&Sdovm;? NrJ\qdkonfrSm wu,fvm;? aumif;\qdkonfrSm t[kwfvm;? ydkif\qdkonfrSm trSefyJvm;... þar;cGe;f av;csuf oihu f , kd yf ikd Ó f Pfjzihf tajzxGu&f efwnf;/ þum; 0dyóem ½Ijcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwnf;/ ynwf u d k j r§ K yf í y&rwf a zmf x k w f xdt k csuw f u Ykd kd ud, k u f , kd w f ikd f ud, k yf ikd Ó f Pfjzihf ajzqdw k wf&ef rSm tjyESihftMunhf wnhfwnhfBuD; wdk;rdrSom wufEkdif\/ jycsufonf ½IuGufwGif;rSmyif tqifoihf&Sdae\/ tMunhf\ owd? xdk½IuGufodkY wnfhwnfhus&efom vdk\/ xdkodkYtjyESihftMunhf wnfhwnfhjzihf [yfrdaeaomf... ½IuGufwGif;&Sd avedrdwfzufodkY pdwfpdkufrdonfjzpfap? rdrd\ ESmoD;0bufodkY pdwfpdkufrdonfjzpfap?

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ jzpfysufac: wzGm;zGm; w&dyf&dyfaom ½kyfemrfESpfyg;wdkY\ jzpfpOfwef;rsm;onf jyovsufuyif.... usKyfua[movdk azmufjyefysufqD;aeygw,f? þum; ½kyfobm0\ trlt&mESihf ajymjycsufwnf;/ usKyu f vnf; a[movdyk if olazmufjym;orQ odoad eygw,f? þum; emrfqdkaom obm0\ trlt&mESihf ajymjycsufwnf;/ yGJMunhfodkY yGJjyu Zmwfvrf;pHkcif;í jyoaeyHkodkY oabmayguf &m\/ t&dyfonf edrdwfqdk&\/ rSwftm;xufjrufí ay:xGufvmjcif;aMumihf onZedrdwf ac:\/ iSufaysmoD;rnfh\ tcGHyrm tay:xif ynwfrQom &Sdao; \/ t&dyfjyvQif taumifjrifzdkY ta&;BuD;\/ ynwfudk xdk;azmufí y&rwftwGif;om; a&mufzdkYvdk\/ olYynwfü olYy&rwf&Sd\/ olYy&rwfü olYynwf&Sd\/ iSufaysmoD;rSnhfü toD;wpfvHk;wGif tcGHESihf tom; xdkESpfyg; yl;uyfaeonfh yrmomjzpfbd\/ y&rwfum; wu,fhtESpftom; oabmw&m;? ynwfum; tESpftom;ryg pum;t&majym½Hkoufoufom/ þenf;jzihf ynwfESihf y&rwfwdkY qefYusifbuft oGifudk aqmifvsufu yl;wGJaeMu\/ vdifqefYusifbuf vifESihfr,m; yrmqdk umvnf; rrSm;wef&mNyD/ tajymoefaepOf oabmrSef ray:vGif? oabmrSef ay:aepOf tajym[ef ray:vGif/ tajymonf tpGJudk tm½HkjyKí oabmonf txJudk tm½Hk jyK&aomaMumihf.... odkYaMumihf... cE¨m\ jycsuf twGif;oabmudk ½Ijrifaecsdef tajymr0ifom NyD/ pmrsuf E S m 23 rS

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olwpfyg;bufov Ykd n S í fh ajymcsed w f iG v f nf; oabm½Icsed f r0if omNyD/ xdkESpfckwdkYonfum;... wpfckay:aeqJwGif wpfckikyf&\/ wpfckikyfrSvnf; wpfcku ay:í&\/ þ0dyóem ½I&müum; ynwfudk jr§Kyfí y&rwf azmfxkwf&rnfjzpf&m avedrdwfudk jzpfap? ESmzsm;\ jzpf&dyfysuf&dyfudkjzpfap xdk;azmufjzwfcGJaom tm;jzihf pl;pdkuf½IMunhfay;EkdifrSom wpfckuvnf; tjr§Kyf? wpfckuvnf; tay: ynwfudkausmf y&rwf azmfEkdifrnfjzpf\/ oifonf yGJMunhfzl;onfomjzpf\... jypifay:odkY rsufvHk;ESpfvHk; ypfwifum jyorQ pdkufMunhfae jcif;jzihf rif;orD;rif;om;wd\ Yk ud, k t f rlt&m? EIwt f rlt&mrsm;rS wpfqihf Zmwfvrf;yg ododvm&bdokdY oabmayguf&m\/ xdwmuvnf; xd½HkrQoufoufav;ayyJ? odaewmuvnf; od½HkrQ oufoufav;ayyJ/ xdkodkY ½kyfemrfwkdY\ tvkyfvkyfaeMuyHkudk &dyfrdvmMujcif;onf yif oabmaygufvmonfqdk&m\/ "r®[laom pum;udk udk,fawGUjzihf taumiftxnfazmfvdkufjcif;yif/ þü igr&Sd olrygvSmNyD/ odkYaMumihf ig[,f ol[,f ynwfrsm; ikyfuG,foGm;MuavNyD/ ESmacgif;aygufav[laom tpGJodynwfrsm; r&SdMuawmhNyD/ xdvyI &f mS ;? odvyI &f mS ;rQom[laom y&rwfobm0udk ud, k yf ikd f jriftodjzihf taumiftxnfazmfNyD;om;yif/ usrf;xGufpum;jzihf... ig ol t,lrSm;udk yvyfvdkuf&mrS t,lrSeftjrifrSef ay:xGef; vmjcif;[laom 'd|d0dok'd¨tcef;ESihf emrf½kyfwdkY olYwmESihfol tvkyfvkyf aeMuyHkrsm;udk cGJjcm;um odjrifvmjcif;[laom emr½ly y&dapä'tcef; wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

av;yg;udk oHk;aqmifawmfrljcif;) þodkY ,xmbkpö&Spfjzm *kPft*FgESihf jynhfpHkawmfrlaom (6) aou©&[EÅmwynhfom0ursm;pGm NcH&Htyfygvsuf wpfyg;wnf; xdka*gwrxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;udk MuOfxm;í tjcm;wpfyg; arGUavsmf {upmusihfawmfrljcif;/ aom ow¬m[kac:qdt k yfaom yk*Kd¾ vu f kd tuREykf o f Md um;rif;\ wpfouf (7) ta[mESihftusifh? tajymESihftvkyf? nDñGwfoihfavsmfpGm usihfawmf wm twGif;ü a&S;uvnf;rawGUrjrifcJh&ygukef/ ,ckvnf; rawGUrjrif rljcif;/ &ygukef/ aemifwGifvnf; awGUjrif&rnfr[kwfygukefwum;/ (8) t&mcyfodrf;ü ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;awmfrljcif;/ ,xmbk p ö * k P f a wmf ( 8)yg; ,xmbkpö*kPfawmfBuD;aygif; (8)yg;jzpfygonf/ (1) vl ewfjA[®m owå0gwdkY\ twå[dw okctvdkYiSm tvGeftuJ pmud k ; / / (1) okwåefyd#uwf? t*Fkwå&edum,ygVdawmfESifh t|uxm usihfawmfrljcif;/ rsm;/ (2) oGmu©mwwm tp&Sdaom *kPfawmf (6)yg;&Sdonfh w&m;udk a[m (2) rHk&Gmta&SUv,fwDwdkuf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; b'´EÅ Mum;awmfrljcif;/ uk@v\ r[mokw'DyeDusrf;? yxrwGJ/ (3) ukodkvf tukodkvf tp&Sdaom w&m;rsm;udk cGJjcm;pdwfjzm a[mMum; Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; awmfrljcif;/ (4) edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; w&m;rsm;udk xkwfazmfa[mMum;awmfrljcif;/ (5) r[mvmb? r[mxkwdaCmo? wdavmuyoEétjzpfudk cH,lawmf rlygvsuf rmefrmeuif;pGm tm[m&udk oHk;aqmifawmfrljcif;/ (ypönf;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

'd|duif;uGm tbd"r®m armif o d e f ; pk d ; (ausmuf y ef ; awmif ; )

BuD ; yG m ;wd k ; wuf ? w&m;euf rdefY`rGuf bd"r®m/ trS w f t om;? jrwf w &m; a[mMum; bd " r® m / yl a Zmf x k d u f a y? w&m;awG a[mav bd " r® m / yk d i f ; jcm;owf r S w f ? w&m;jrwf a[mtyf bd " r® m / xl ; jcm;uJ v G e f ? w&m;rG e f a[mñT e f bd " r® m / wdyd#u"& "r® b@m*g&du a,m q&mawmfu txufygtwkid ;f tbd"r®mw&m; awmfESifh ywfoufí pyfqkda[mMum;awmfrlcJh ygonf/

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odkYjzpfívnf; a,mq&mawmftae jzihf tbd"r®mw&m;awmftm; vlaumif;vlawmf rsm;jzpfvmapzkdY oif,lavhvmoihfaMumif; atmufyguAsmjzifh vrf;ñTefawmfrlcJhygonf/ o'¨ g &S d r l ? pd w f M unf j zL? aumif ; ol a c:&yg/ ynm&S d o l ? pG r f ; tm;,l ? awmf o l a c:&yg/ awmf v nf ; awmf a p? aumif ; ygap? ES p f a xG nD r S o m/ aumif ; usKd ; ok c ? tpk H & ? rk c sNrJ a ocsm/ awmf v nf ; awmf z k d Y ? aumif ; vmzk d Y ? oif p d k Y tbd " r® m / tbd"r®ma'oemonf trSew f u,f &Sad eaom oabmw&m;oufoufuo dk m a[m Mum;xm;aom w&m;awmfjzpfonfESihftnD {uefoif,lavhvmoihfvSygonf/ odkYrSom oabmw&m;ykid ;f rS tjrif&iS ;f Ny;D b0tcuftcJ rsm;ukd trSeftwdkif; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;wwfrnf jzpfayonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif acwftqufquf tbd"r®mavhvmoif,rl t I aejzihf vGepf mG tm;& auseyfz, G af umif;vSygonf/ ESppf Of Ekid if aH wmf tpkd;&u usif;yjyKvkyfonhf tbd"r®m#Dum ausmfESihf 0dok'¨dr*fpmar;yGJrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf ajzqk d a tmif j rif o l trsm;tjym;&S d o uJ h o d k Y rpkd;&drf? v,fwD tp&Sdonhf pmar;yGJrsm;wGif ajzqkdatmifjrifolrsm;vnf; jrefrmjynftESHY &SdaeMuygonf/ tqkyd gusr;f rsm;ukd avhvmatmifjrif NyD;í o'¨gw&m;wdk;yGm;um vufawGU y#dywåd vk y f i ef ; cG i f 0 if w&m;tm;xk w f M uouJ h o d k Y y&d,wåu d sr;f *efrsm; qufvufavhvmvko d rl sm; taejzihfvnf; tbd"r®musrf;&if; (7)usrf;ukd oif,Ml uNy;D ql;av tbd"r®mjyefyY mG ;a&;toif; Bu;D rS ESppf Ofusi;f yjyKvyk o f nhf tbd"r®m(7)usr;f tm*kHESihf oabmw&m;a&;^ajz pmjyefyGJ 0if a&mufajzqkdatmifjrifol omoemhtmZmenf rsm; &SdaeNyDjzpfygonf/ tvsOf;oihfí tbd"r®m (7)usrf; pmjyefyGJESihfywfoufí tusOf;rQazmfjyvdkyg onf/ ql;avtbd"r®mjyefyY mG ;a&;toif;Bu;D \ (43)Budrfajrmuf tbd"r®m(7)usrf; tm*r (tm*kH) pmjyefyGJtm; (4.4.2010)rS (6.9.

2010) txd tBuK(d 3)&uf? (11.9.2010)&uf rS (16.9.2010)&ufaeYtxd yGJBuD;(6)&uf? pkpkaygif; (9)&uf? oabmxm;a&;ajzpmar;yGJ tm; (3.10.2010)&ufaeYrS (10.10.2010) &ufaeYtxdvnf;aumif; tbd"r®&wemC&

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"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ "r®AdrmefawmfBuD;? A[ef;NrKdUe,fwGif usif;y jyKvkyfcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ tqkdyg pmjyefyGJodkY EkdifiHawmfoHC r[mem,u Ouú|q&mawmfBuD;ESihf em,u q&mawmfrsm;? pmppfq&mawmfrsm; <ua&muf csD;jr§ihftm;ay; BuD;MuyfMuNyD; tm*kHpmjyefyGJ0if oHCm (179)? oDv&Sif (336)? vly*k K¾ v d f (401)OD; 0ifa&mufajzqkad wmfrMl u&m oHCmawmf (143) yg;? oDv&Sif (306)yg;? vlyk*¾Kdvf (373)OD; atmifjrifMuygonf/ oabmxm;a&;^ajzpmar;yG J w G i f oHCmawmf (151)yg;? oDv&Sif (319)yg;? vlyk*¾Kdvf (374)OD;wdkY ajzqkdMu&m oHCmawmf (120)yg;? oDv&Sif (263)yg;? vly*k K¾ v d f (346)OD; wdkY atmifjrifMuygonf/ tbd"r®mpmjyefyGJBuD;onf wdydu"& pmjyefyGJBuD;\pepfukd rSDjirf;í pmajzyk*¾Kdvfrsm; ukd yv’ifodkYyifhaqmifum ueuú'PfxD;jzL atmufü pmppfq&mawmfa&SUwGif tbd"r®m a'oemawmf (ygVdawmfrsm;)ukd jyefqkd&jcif; jzpf & m rd r d u k d , f w k d i f omoemawmf t &S n f wnfwefYa&;twGuf o*Fg,emwifyGJBuD;ukd yg0ifqifETJae&bdouJhodkY cHpm;&NyD; oefY&Sif; Munfvifaom r[mukodkvfpdwfrsm; jzpfay: &ygonf/ þpmjyefyBJG u;D ukd ESppf OfBu;D rSL;usi;f y ay;vsuf&Sdonhf ql;avtbd"r®mjyefYyGm;a&; toif;BuD;tm; (1308) ckESpfwGif pwifwnf axmifcJhum jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;wGif toif;cGJ aygif; (3200) ausmfjzihf tbd"r®mjyefYyGm;a&; tygt0if omoema&;qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;ukd pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif; avhvm od&Sd&ygonf/ tbd"r®ma'oemawmfBuD; a&mif0g aeod k Y vif ; apa&;twG u f v nf ; aumif ; ? omoemhtmZmenfrsm; ay:xGe;f apa&;twGuf vnf;aumif; þtoif;BuD;taejzihf 1929 ckESpfrSpwifí &[ef;awmfrsm;? oDv&Sifrsm; tm; tbd"r®m (7)usrf;? vlyk*¾Kdvfrsm;tm; tbd"r®mn0goif½kd;usrf; taejzihf (15) usrf; wdkYukd ]]tm*r+obm0}} pmawmfjyefyGJBuD;rsm; usif;yjyKvkyfay;cJh&m ,ckqkdvQif (43)Budrf wdkifcJhNyDjzpfygonf/ ]]tm*r + obm0}} ESpf&yf ajzqkd Mu&mwGif ]]tm*r}} (ygVdawmftm*kH) ajzqkd atmifjrifrSom ]]obm0}} a&;ajzpmar;yGJukd ajzqkdcGihf&&Sdygonf/ xkdESpf&yfpvkH;atmifjrif rSom oufqkdif&m ajzqkdatmifjrifonhf usrf;

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Ny;D jzpfojzifh pGNJ raJ omo'¨gw&m;ukd &tyfaom aMumifh oufom&m (tómo)? axmuf&m wnf&m (ywd|m) &tyf\/ þÓPfEpS yf g;onf 0dyóemÓPf(10)yg;wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; 0d y óem\tajccH Ó Pf E S p f y g;jzpf o jzih f 0dyóem\y&durf? Oypmt&mü wnfonf[k qkdEkdifyg\/ 'ger,? oDvr,wdkYxuf vGefpGm xufjruf\/ r*fzkdvf\tajccHppfppfjzpfyg onf/ f \ Ykd taMumif;ukd þodkYvQif emrf½yk w xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jrifatmifodrf;qnf;EkdifvQif ]]pl V aomwmyef r nf a wmh \ }}[k 0d o k ' ¨ d r *f t|uxmwGif a&;om;awmfrlojzihf BuKHcJvS pGmaom 'kv’bomoemawmfESihf awGUBuKHyg vsuf plVaomwmyefrjzpfbJaovQif &SufzG,f aumif ; aom aojcif ; w&m;jzpf & &S m vwå H U / bk & m;&S i f v uf x uf a wmf ü &[EÅ m rjzpf b J aoolukd trsm;0dkif;uJh&JUMuonf[lowwf/ ,ck tcg plVaomwmyefrQrjzpfbJ aoolukd taocH&JavpG [k ajym&rnf/ ,rrif;\ wlavm? om;avm? aqGrsK;d avm[k qk&d ayrnf/

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364

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58

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(43) Budrfajrmuf tbd"r®mpmatmif qkESif; obiftcrf;tem;tpD&ifcHpm;/

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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w&m;tm;xkwfvdkaomfvnf; &dyfomr&Sdao;í tcufawGU&onfhES,f cifolZmjrifh

jzL;NrdKUe,fwGif 1955-56 ckywf0ef; usifu y&d,wdåpmoifwdkuftjzpf 'ud©Pm½Hk ausmif ; ES i h f rif ; ausmif ; [l í xif & S m ;aom pmoif w d k u f B uD ; (2)ck & S d o nf / 0d y óemES i h f ywfoufírnfonfh&dyfomrQ r&Sdao;ay/ 'ud©Pm½Hkq&mawmfBuD;u 0gwGif; umvOykoaf eYrsm;wGif eHeufyikd ;f oDvay;w&m; a[mNyD; aeYvnfydkif;wGif Oykofonfrsm;udk w&m;jy? w&m;a[mygonf/ vufawGU 0dyó emw&m;tm;xkwyf kH tm;xkwef nf;ESifh vufawGU tm;xkwfrIurl r&Sdao;ay/ wpf a eY w G i f jzL;Nrd K UyJ c l ; vrf ; rS ausmif;'g,um ausmif;'g,dumrrsm;jzpfMu aom OD;bodef;+a':cav;rwdkYu q&mawmf xH o d k Y om;orD ; rsm;ES i h f t wl arG ; aeY t vS L vma&mufvSL'gef;Muonf/ q&mawmfu oHo&m0#fqif;&JxJ rjywfvnfatmifqcJG saewJh vufonfu tm½Hk ajcmufyg; umr*kPfw&m;udk wyfrufESpfouf wJhwPSm Oyg'gefjzpfw,f? tJ'DwPSm Oyg'gef qdkwJh udavomw&m;awGu ESdyfpufvdkY 'um BuD; 'umrBuD;wdkY tygt0if owå0gawG (31) bHkoHo&mu ruRwfvGwfMubJ wpfb0NyD; wpfb0 vljzpfvdkuf ewfjzpfvdkuf jA[®mjzpf vdkuf? tyg,fav;yg;a&mufvdkufESihf oHo&m vnfaeMu&w,f/ xdk(31)bHk ½kyfemrfoHo&m vnf r I u vG w f a tmif rd r d c E¨ m ü&S d a om udavom wPSma&m*gudk od? tJ'Dtema&m *gukzdkY aq;qdkwJh0dyóemusihfpOfudk odMu? usihfMu? tJ'grS oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS vGwfuif;

Murnf} [k a[majymrdefYMum;onf/ xdktcg ausmif;'umOD;bodef;u ]rSefvSyg udavomtema&m*gvJod ygw,f ? aq;0d y óemvJ q&mawmf a wG a[mjyajymjyvdkY odMuygw,fbk&m;? 'gayr,fh uko&r,fqdkwJh 0dyóemusihf&m tm;xkwf&m 0dyóempcef;u wynhfawmfwdkYNrdKUrSm r&Sdav awmh wynhfawmfwdkYrSm oHo&mxJ usifvnf &OD;r,fxifygonfbk&m;} [k avQmufxm; onf/ ]tif; ausmif;'umavQmufxm;yHku awmh yifpifvrf;u olBu;D armifuRaJ vQmufxm; wJh temodaq;&Sdayr,fh aiGaMu;r&Sdí ao& onf[k avQmufxm;ovkdjzpfaeNyDuGJU} [krdefY Mum;onf/ ]taMumif;t&mav; tus,rf ed MYf um; ygOD;bk&m;} [k ausmif;tr a':cav;ru avQmufxm;onf/ ]at; wdNYk rKd UrSm 'um? 'umrwdYk odwhJ twd k i f ; vG w f v yf a &;&NyD ; awmh wd k Y N rd K Uud k NrdKUtqifhowfrSwfNyD; aq;½Hkcsay;w,f? jrefrm jynfrSm q&m0efu rvHkavmufawmh tdEd´, u q&m0efawGudk tpdk;&u iSm;NyD; NrdKUe,f toD;oD; aq;½Hrk sm;rSm wm0efay;w,f? tJ'rD mS wdkY jzL;NrdKUrSmvJ yxryefcsmyD vlrsKd; ukvm; q&m0efa&mufvmw,f? tJ'q D &m0efu aq;½Hk rSm aq;ukovdk tjyifrSmvJ aq;cef;zGihfxm; w,f/ wpfcsKdUvlawGu olY&JU tjyifaq;cef; bJjyoMu? ukoMuw,f? wpfaeYrSm acsmif;qdk;

aoG;yga&m*gjzpfaewJh olBuD;taru tJ'D q&m0efxHoGm;jyawmh q&m0efu t*Fvdyfvdk wDbDa&m*gvdkY ajymw,f/ tJ'Daq;u tdEd´, rSmESihf Oa&myrSmbJ&Sdw,f/ aq;udkrSm,l0,f &r,fqdk&if aq;zdk;wif wpfaomif;ausmfukef usr,fvdkY ajymowJh/ tJ'Dtcsdefumvwkef;u aiGwpfaomif;ausmfqdkwmu tvGefwefzdk; jrihw f mud;k uGUJ ? tJ'gudk olBuD;taru tJ'Davmuf aiG u k e f w mud k igY o m;orD ; awG tuk e f c H qif;&Ja&muf&rSmrkdY rukawmhbl;/ 'D½kyf 'DcE¨m ysufokOf;yapawmhqdkNyD; olY&Gm cifwef;BuD; jyefoGm;NyD; jrefrm aq;rD;wdkESihfbJ ukoowJh? 'gayr,fh a&m*gu uRrf;aeawmh rMumygbl;/ tJ ' D a csmif ; qd k ; aoG ; tH (wD b D ) a&m*gES i h f aoygava&mvm; tJ ' D t cg tok b tcrf ; tem;rS m ol B uD ; armif u RJ u id k B uD ; csuf r ES i h f temod aq;&S d a yr,f h aq;zd k ; aiG r &S d v d k Y igY t ar ao&yguvm; vd k Y q d k N yD ; [pf a tmf i d k a <u; jrnfwrf;owJhuG,f/ ,ckvJ ausmi;f'umwdkY udavom temod 0dyóemaq;&Sdayr,fh usih f B uH t m;xk w f p &m 0d y óem&d y f o m r&S d M uavawmh [ k q d k N yD ; rusih f b J a eMu&if b0oHo&m0JMoCxJ epfNrJepfaeMuOD;rSmyJ aygYu, G }f [k rdeMYf um;&m ausmi;f'umrdom;pkrmS q&mawmfudkMunhfum &,f&TifNyHK;wHkY rNyHK;wHkY &,farmMuavonf/ (xdkrSaemuf ausmif;'umOD;bodef; tygt0if NrdKUrdNrdKUbrsm;rS OD;aqmifí yifpif vrf;&Sd ,cift*Fvdyfacwfu AdkvfwJqdkaom taqmuf t OD a e&mü r[mpnf 0d y óem w&m;&dyfomwpfaqmif jzL;NrdKUwGif ay:ayguf cJhonf[k od&ygonf/) cif o l Z mjrih f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

Ak'¨\tewå0g' (xG e f ; wih f a tmif )

Ak'¨0g'onfvnf; twå0g'yifjzpf onf[k Ak'¨pmayrsm;ukd avhvmol taemuf wkid ;f om;wpfO;D u qko d nf[k Mum;&zl;\/ xko d l onf xkdokdY trSefyifqkdcJhonfjzpftHh/ olonf Ak'¨pmayukd ESHYpyfaumif;ESHYpyfEkdifrnfjzpfaomf vnf; Ak'\ ¨ t&d,opömoabm? Ak'\ ¨ oEÅo d ck oabmudkum; xda&mufpGm raxmufrDEkdif[k qkEd idk af umif;rnfxif\/ Ak'¨onf ig;OD;tpk&Sdaom &[ef;wdkY ukd 0gqkdvjynhfaeYü "r®pMumw&m;awmf a[m Mum;awmfrlcJhonf/ &[ef;ig;yg;wdkYrSmvnf; ÓPfyg&rD&ifhoefolrsm;jzpfMu&um; Ak'¨a[m Mum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmfukd aumif;pGm em;vnf o abmayguf M uonf / od k Y & mwG i f xk&d [ef;ig;yg;wdrYk mS twå0g'tajccHjzihf arG;zGm; &Sifoef BuD;xGm;cJh&onfjzpf&um; olwdkYü twå t,l0g'pGJ cHae\/ odkYjzpfí olwdkYonf Ak'¨\ oEÅo d ck w&m;tvk;H pku H dk em;vnfoabmayguf vufcHusihfokH;&ef tjynhft0 toihftae txm;od k Y r a&muf E k d i f j zpf a e\/ xk d Y a Mumif h xkd&[ef;ig;yg;wdkYukd Ak'¨u 0gqkdvjynhfausmf ig;&uf a eY ü tewå v u© P mok w f w&m; awmf a[mMum;cJ h & onf / tewå v u© P ok w f w &m;awmf \ vkd&if;tcsKyfrSm ½kyfonfvnf;aumif;? a0'em onfvnf;aumif;? onmonfvnf;aumif;? ocFg&onfvnf;aumif;? 0dnmPonfvnf; aumif; rNrJ/ twår[kwf[k a[mxm;onf/ cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYonf rNrJ? twå r[kwf[k Ak'¨ tb,fhaMumihf a[m&ygoenf;/ tdE, d´ wGif OyedoQacwfü bmoma&; tawG;tac:rsm; tvGeftqihftwef;jrihfvm cJhonf/ a0'acwf ,ZfylaZmfyGJrsm;\ tusKd;

&vm'fESihf a0'usrf;vm pum;rsm;ukd oHo, &Sdvmí trSefw&m;udk &SmBuHpOf;pm;vmMu onf/ xkdolwdkY\ bmoma&;t,ltqrsm;ukd OyedoQusrf;rsm;ü azmfjyxm;onf/ Oyed o Qusrf ; rsm;\tvd k t m;jzih f jA[®m odkYr[kwf y&rwåromvQif y&rw¦ tm;jzihf {uefxif&Sm;\/ a&xJ&Sdqm;onf wpfae&mwnf;ü &SdraebJ ae&mrvyf w&pyf ysHUESHYaeouhJokdY y&rwåronf yk*¾Kdvfowå0g tm;vkH;ü ysHUESHYíwnfae\/ rD;awmufrD;vQH rsm;onf rD;rSxGufay:vmouJhodkY owå0g tm;vkH;onf y&rwårrS xGufay:vmMuonf/ vSn;f bD;\ bD;axmuftm;vk;H onf ykaH wmif;ü pkaygif;ouJhokdY ewf? vl? owå0gtm;vkH;onf y&rwårü pkaygif;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif y&rwår onf taumif;qkH; tjrwfqkH;jzpfí ,if;\ y&rwår*kPft*Fgrsm;ukd vlwdkYÓPfjzihf BuHpnf aomfvnf; bmrQod&rnfr[kwf/ ,if;onf tpdaEÅ,sjzpfí þodkYr[kwf? xkdokdYr[kwf [lí l om OyedoQq&mwdu Yk jiif;qkMd uavonf/ avmuü y&rwår rSwpfyg; tjcm; bmrQr&Sd/ &SdorQ ouf&SdoufrJhwdkYonf rm,m rQomjzpfonf/ wpfenf;qkdaomf vlwdkYtjrif rSm;í {uefxif&Sm;&Sdonf[k txifrSm;aeMu jcif;jzpfonf/ y&rw¦tm;jzihf xif&Sm;&Sdaom t&mrsm;r[kwfacs/ y&rwåruJhodkY edpö"l0 tocFw"gwfr[kwfojzihf ajymif;vJazmufjyef aom oabm&S\ d / xm0&okcESiu fh if;í qif;&J 'ku©ESihf tNrJ'GefwGJaeMu&onf/ vlonf jA[®m odkYr[kwf y&rwårESihf ryl;aygif;bJ uGu J mG aeaomaMumifh oHo&mb0 aygif;rsm;pGm usifvnfae&\/ vltm; b0 oHo&mü aESmifzGJUxm;aomw&m;ESpfyg;rSm

umrwPSmESihf uHtaMumif;w&m;jzpf\/ vl onf rdrdjyKaomuHu owfrSwfjy|mef;onhf twd k i f ; b0oH o &mrsm;ü usif v nf & \/ raumif ; rI j yKaomol o nf aoaomtcg raumif;aomb0odkY ul;ajymif;í aumif;rIjyK aomol r S m aumif ; &mok * wd o d Y k vm;&\/ vlonf rlvyifrjzpfaomjA[®mESihf jyefvnf aygif;pnf;rSomvQif Zmwd? Z&m? r&Pab;rS uif;a0;aom xm0&okc tppftrSefukd &&Sd ayvdhrfrnf/ odkYjzpfí b0oHo&mü aESmifzGJU xm;aom umrwPSmukd y,fjzwfzkdY vkd\/ wPSmukd y,fjzwf&eftwGuf odrIonf ta&; BuD;\/ vlonf rdrd\rlvyifrjzpfaom jA[®m ukd 0dyóemÓPfjzifh odjrifatmiftm;xkwf &m\/ xkdokdYtm;xkwfí todÓPf&ihfusuf vmaomtcg wPSm\ &pfywfaESmifzGJUjcif;ukd rcH&awmhbJ b0oHo&mpufjywfrnf trSef jzpf \ / txufyg tcsurf sm;rSm OyedoQusr;f vm jAm[®P0g'tusOf;csKyfjzpf\/ jA[®P 0g'onf tcsKdUae&mrsm;ü Ak'¨0g'ESihf qifqif wl\/ wPSmaMumifh qif;&J'ku©jzpf&onfqkd onf r S m rS e f \ / od k Y a omf wPS m uif ; a&; aqmif&u G jf cif; rSm Ak'0¨ g'ESirhf wlawmhay/ xdjYk yif b0oHo&mvnfyo Hk nfvnf; Ak'\ ¨ b0oHo&m vnfyEHk iS fh rwlay/ þtcsuu f dk Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwYkd txl; owdcsyf\/ b0tay:jrif&mü OyedoQ usrf;vm jAm[®P0g'\ b0em;vnfykHESihf Ak'0¨ g'u b0ukd em;vnfyjHk cif;rwlonfuv dk nf; Ak ' ¨ bmom0if w d k Y BuD ; pG m owd j yKtyf \ / Ak'0¨ g'u b0qko d nfudk "r®puúy0wåeokwEf iS fh y#dpö orkyÜg'fwGif twdtvif; xifxif&Sm;&Sm; azmfjy xm;onf/ þtcsuu f dk Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwYkd BuD;pGm cstyfonf/ b0ESihfywfoufí Ak'¨ bmom0ifwdkY rsufpdvnfaeMuonf/ tajymif ; tvJ r &S d ? yuwd x m0& wnfNrJaeonhf y&rwår odkYr[kwf jA[® odkY r[kwf twå&Sdonfqkdaomt,lonf Ak'¨ryGihf ay:rDwunf;uyif tdE, d´ om;wd\ Yk OD;aESmuf ESifh ESv;Hk om;wdw Yk iG f csK;d pGaJ ecJah vNy/D odjYk zpfívnf; Ak'¨\"r®puúy0wåeokwfukd yÍö0*¾D&[ef;ig;yg; wdkY emMum;&aomfvnf; twåt,ltpGJcsKd;rSm ruGmEkid af o;bJ uyfNru J yfvsu&f adS eao;onf/ xkdYaMumifh ig;OD;tpk&Sdaom &[ef;wdkYukd Ak'¨u tewåvu©Pokwfukd a[m&jcif;jzpfonf/ ½kyfonf rNrJaomoabm&Sd½kHrQru NrJ a om xm0&wnf a omt&m od k Y r [k w f pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

pdkufpdkufpl;pl; txl;usihf&m 0dyóem [d e f ; rif ; xuf (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y )

(1) jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ om edum,fig;&yf? yd#uwfoHk;jzm? t*Fgudk;wef? "r®u©efaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif rsm;ajrmif vSaom a'oemawmfwdkYwGif ]r[mowdy|me okw}f awmfonf? edum,fig;&yfwiG f tygt0if jzpfonf/ ]bd u © a 0? &[ef ; wd k Y ? pwå m a&m? av;yg;uk e f a om? ,'d ' H - a,£ar owdy|mem- pJGNrJaom trSwf&rIowdpJGNrJ [laom tMuifowdy|mef; wdkYonf? oEÅd&Sdukef\/ t,H- pGJNrJaom trSwf&rI? owd pGNJ rrJ o I wdy|mef[al om þtusiv fh rf; onf? owåmeH- bk&m;? yapöuAk'¨g? t&d,m om0u tavmif;? tvHk;pHkaomowå0gtaygif; wdkY\?

0d o k ' ¨ d , m- pd w f t npf t aMu;rS ? uif ; a0 pifMu,fjcif;iSm? {um,aemra*¾g- wpfcw k nf; aomvrf;? wpfaMumif;wnf;aom vrf;aywnf;/ ({u= wckwnf;aom+ t,e= vrf;= {um ,e= wckwnf;aomvrf;) [ka[mMum;cJah om aMumihf owdy|mefw&m;onf ta&;yg? t&m a&muf? y"meusaom bm0emvkyfief;pOf w&m;awmfBuD;yifjzpfyg\/ owdy|mefav;yg;wdkYum;...

(1) um,mEkyóem (½lyu©E¨mudk t½IcHtm½Hktjzpfxm;um owdOD;aqmifí ½IrSwfpl;prf;jcif;) (2) a0'emEkyóem (a0'emu©Em¨ udk t½IcHtm½Hktjzpfxm;um owdOD;aqmifí

½IrSwfpl;prf;jcif;) (3) pdwåmEkyóem (0dnmPu©E¨mudk t½I c H t m½H k t jzpf x m;um owd O D ; aqmif í ½IrSwfpl;prf;jcif;) (4) "r®mEkyóem (onmu©E¨mESihf ocFg&u©E¨mudk t½IcHtm½Hktjzpfxm;um owd OD;aqmifí ½IrSwfpl;prf;jcif;) wdkYjzpfMuonf/ (owd y |mef \ t"d y Ü m ,f r S m tm½H k ü NrJ N rH p G m xifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ (2) cE¨ m ig;yg;tay:ü tm½H k c H t jzpf ? trSet f wkid ;f odjrifvmatmif usiBfh ujH cif;onf yif owdy|mefw&m;[k em;vnfvG,faom toHk;tEIef;jzihf rSwfom;Edkifygonf/ trSeftwdkif; odjrifrIqdkonfum; tjcm;r[kwyf g/ cE¨mig;yg;[lonfy*k Kd¾ v?f owå0g? ig? olwyg;? a,musfm;? rdef;r ponfhtoGif edrdwf? j'yfo@meftrsdK;rsdK;taejzihf&Sdaejcif;? wnfNraJ ejcif;r[kw[ f í l odjrifvmaom ÓPf jzpfonf/ (tedpövu©PmÓPf) cE¨mig;yg;onf ESpo f ufwihw f ,fz, G ?f csrf;omzG,fr[kwf[k odjrifvmaom ÓPfjzpf onf/ ('ku©vu©PmÓPf) cE¨mig;yg;onf cdkifNrJjcif;r&Sd? jzpfysuf ajymif;vJaeonf[k odjrifvmaomÓPfjzpf onf/ (tewåvu©PmÓPf) rNrJjcif; tedpö? qif;&Jjcif;'ku©? tpdk; r&jcif ; tewå w d k Y o nf yxropö m jzpf o nh f 'ku©opömü tusHK;0ifavonf/ 'ku©opömudk

33

ydkif;jcm;odjrifvmygrl usefopömoHk;yg;udkvnf; ydkif;jcm;odjrifvmrnfomjzpfonf/ ]]t&Sifbk&m;..t,lwpfyg;&Sdukef aom y&dAdkZfwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; ]]ihg&SifwdkY.. tb,ftusdK;ukdvdkí? &[ef;a*gwrxHü jrwf aomtusiu fh kd usio fh ;kH bdoenf;}} [kar;ygukef \/ t&Sifbk&m;- xdkodkY tar;cH&aom uREfkyf wdkYonf t,lwpfyg;&Sdukefaom y&dAdkZfwdkYtm; ]]igh&SifwdkY..qif;&Judkydkif;jcm;í odjrifjcif;iSm jrwfpmG bk&m;xH• jrwfaomtusiu fh kd usio fh ;kH \}} [k ajzMum;ygukef\/ ]]&[ef;wd.Yk .þodYk tar;cH&í þodYk ajzqdkcJhukefaom oifwdkYonf pifppf igbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlonhftwkdif; ajzqdkolrsm; jzpf uke\ f /}} (udrwå, d okw?f t0dZmÆ 0*f? r*¾o, H w k )f xdAk 'k \ ¨ pum;t& 'kuo © pömudk odjrif a&;onf y"mevkyfief;jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;yg onf/ w&m;"r®\wnf&mtppfonf usr;f *ef pmayr[kwb f ?J rnforl nf0g[k ynwftm;jzihf orkwfac:qdkxm;onhf cE¨mtpkomjzpfonf/ ]{uk'ge&[EÅm} onf awmtkyfwck ü oDwif;oH;k onf/ xd&k [EÅmonf usr;f *efpmay rwwf? ]{uk'ge} [laom *gxmwpfyk'fudkom &Gwfwwfonf/ OykofaeYwkdif;wGif ]{uk'ge} *gxmudk tNrJ&Gwfqdkonf/ awmapmifh? awmif apmihfewfwdkYu yJhwifxyfrQ wcJeufaumif;csD; ay;Muonf/ Oykoaf eYwpfaeYwiG f yd#uwfo;kH yHk aqmif rax&fESpfyg;onf &[ef;ig;&mpD NcH&H vsuf? xdk&[EÅm&Sd&m awmtkyfodkY <uvmonf/ &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfu yd#uwfoHk;yHkaqmif &[ef ; wpf y g;tm; w&m;a[mMum;yg&ef awmif;yefí w&m;a[mMum;&m awmapmihf? awmifapmihfewfwdkYu aumif;csD;ray;Muacs/ xdt k aMumif;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; avQmufxm; &m ]]&[ef;wdkY rsm;pGmoif,la[mMum;aom &[ef;tm; "r®"& (w&m;aqmifol) [k igrqdk? wpf*gxmrQukd oif,w l wfajrmufNy;D ? opömav; yg;w&m;udk xdk;xGif;odatmif usihfBuHyGm;rsm; tm;xkwaf om xd&k [ef;onfom "r®"& rnf\/ ("r®y'? {uk'geaw¬&cDPmo00w¬K) [k a[m Mum;awmfrlygonf/ (4) ]]ayg|dv}} &[ef;onf yd#uwfoHk;yHk wwfajrmufonf/ &[ef;ig;&mtm; aeYpOf pmcs ay;onf/ ]]ig yd#uwfoykH kH wwfajrmufonf[k rmeaxmifvmT ;onf/}} jrwfpmG bk&m;u odawmf pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

tke;f yifvdk vlpm;rsK;d aZmf n d K at;(ausmif ; uk e f ; )

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acsmypfjcif; (0g) ukef;acsmjcif;[lí jzpfyg onf/ vl w pf c sKd U onf ol w pf y g;tay: taumif;rjrifwwf/ remvkdjcif;ESihf 0efwkdjcif; [lonhf £ómESifh rpä&d, w&m;rsm; zkH;vTrf; aeonf/ ukd,fhxufomvQif remvkdcsifMu/ olwpfyg;wdYk tcsi;f csi;f nDnñ D w T ñ f w G f cspcf spf cifcif&SdaevQif oabmrawGU/ tcspfjy,f atmif? pnf;vkH;rINyKduGJatmif? rkef;wD;atmif Mum;0ifaoG;cJGavh&Sdonf/ xkdolrsKd;ukd t&yf tac:t& ukef;orm; orm;[k ac:ygonf/ olYvkYHv Oóm[jzihf olwpfyg;wdkY ysufpD;epfemqkH;½IH; vQif tvGefauseyf0rf;omwwfolrsKd;vnf; jzpfygonf/ 'DvlESihfawGUvQif [kdvl\raumif; aMumif;ukdajymí [kdvlESihfawGUygu 'Dvl\ raumif;aMumif;ukd ajymwwfolrsKd;yif/ xkdY aMumif h vuf u k w f w d k i f ; uk d , f h v l r rS w f E S i h f [laom pum;ykHay:aygufvm&avonf/ t"du vuf&if;tusq;Hk aom pum; wpf c k & S d y gao;onf / uk e f ; orm;uk d rxm; paumif ; ? tavmif ; pif p pf aoonh f w d k i f atmif tusKd;rJhaqmif\ [líjzpfygonf/ xkdpum;ykH ay:aygufvmykHav;ukdyif csJUvkdyg ao;onf/ a&S ; aomtcgu **F g jrpf \ tnm a'o&Sd tmoHNrKUd bufqrD aS eí azmifwpfazmif onf a&aMumif;twkdif; arsmygvmcJhygonf/

,if;azmifonf r[muHorif;BuD;tkyfpkd;&m jzpfaom 'Gg&0wDjynfrS qdyfurf;odkYa&mufvm ojzih f r[muH o rif ; BuD ; \trd e f Y a wmf j zih f q,f,&l m xkad zmifay:ü wkid v f nfcsní f &dum© ESifhwuG vlokH;a,mufukd &&SdMuavonf/ vlokH;a,mufukd a&SUawmfoGif;apí bk&ifukd,fwkdif ppfar;onhftcg wpfOD;onf olckd;jzpfí wpfOD;onf jyKpm;wwfaompkef;r jzpf&m usefwpfOD;rSm ukef;acsmwwfoljzpfNyD; tmoHrif;\trdefYjzihf a&azmifarQmí e,fESif vkdufaMumif; od&awmhonf/ r[muHorif;vnf; xkdvlokH;OD;ukd u,foihfru,foihf pOf;pm;NyD;aemufol c k d ; onf pm;p&mr&S d í cd k ; pm;& onf/ pkef;ruvnf; pm;p&mr&Sdí jyKpm;& onf/ ,ck ihgEkdifiHwGif aumif;rGefpGmaeMu/ pm;okH;&eftwGuf avmufipGm igaxmufyHh rnf[kqkdvsuf vufcHxm;vkdufonf/ ukef;orm;ukdawmh wpfrsKd;pOf;pm; &onf/ a&S;tcgu a0omvDjynfü ESpaf ygif; wpf a omif ; ck e pf a xmif y wf v k H ; tcsif ; csif ; cspfMunfoihfjrwfpGm rif;jyKcJhaom vdpä0Drif;wdkY &SdMuonf/ wpfcgu tZmwowfrif;\apcdkif; csuft& ]0óum&} trwf\ ukef;wkdufrI aMumifh tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJí ysufpD;jcif;odkY a&muf&ykHukd erlemjyKvsuf ukef;orm;udkawmh t&S i f x m;íravsmf ? aoaprS o ih f r nf [ k qkH;jzwfum owfckdif;vkdufawmhonf/ owfNyD;vQif aemufwpfaeYta&muf ü rif;csif;wpfa,mufukdapvTwfí ukef;orm; taoaumifudk Munhcf idk ;f vku d o f nf/ rif;csi;f u Munfah epOfwiG yf if uke;f orm;tavmif;aumif onf OD;acgif;ukdaxmifí ]]a[haumif eifwrYkd if;Bu;D ukad jymvku d ?f ighukdaMumuf&if ihgqDvmcJh? rvmvQif igvm owfr,f}} þodkYqkdavaomaMumihf rif;csif; vnf ; xd wf vef Y p G mjyef ajy;NyD ; rif;BuD;tm; avQmufwif&m rif;BuD;u- ]]vlaou pum; ajymw,fvdkY rMum;zl;bl;? 'DuvlESpfa,muf tazmfac:NyD; xyfoGm;prf;}} [k ckdif;vkdufjyef ygonf/ uk e f ; orm;tavmif ; aumif o nf tazmfESihfvmonhftcgwGif pum;rajymbJ Nidrfaeí rif;BuD;xHjyefum tavmif;aumifu pum;rajymaMumif; avQmufwifMu&m yxrqk;H wpfa,mufwnf;oGm;aomrif;csif;onf rrSef

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ pum;okH;í bk&ifukd Ncdrf;ajcmufrIjzihf towf cH&awmhonf/ aoazmf & aomtcgrS uk e f ; orm; tavmif;aumifu ,ciftwdkif; OD;acgif; axmifvsuf- ]]uJ- ihgtaMumif;odNyDvm;}} [k pum;ajymavonf/ þtaMumif;ukd rif;Bu;D tm; jyefvnf avQmufwifMuaomf ]]'Dtaumifukd vljrif atmifrxm;MueJY? ajrusif;eufeufwl;NyD; jr§Kyf Muap}} [k trdefYay;um jr§KyfESHapvdkufawmh onf/ rMumrDrmS yif uke;f orm;tavmif;aumif ukd jr§KyfESHxm;aomae&mü opfyifwpfyifayguf vmcJ h o nf / a&S ; aomtcgu xk d t yif u k d ]uk e f ; yif } [k a c:Muí ,ck u mvrS m awmh ]]tkef;yif}} [kac:aeMuygonf/ þyk H j yif u k d t aMumif ; jyKí ]uk e f ; orm;uk d rxm;paumif ; ? tavmif ; pif p pf aoonh f w k d i f a tmif tusKd ; rJ h a qmif \ } [lí a&S;pum;ykH ay:vmonf[k a&TawmifNrKdU usD ; oJ a v;xyf q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ ayg&mPdu uxmusrf;wGif zwf&zl;ygonf/ xkaYd Mumihf tke;f yifujdk rifwidk ;f jrifwikd ;f þykHjyifukd owd&Muí tkef;oD;ukdpm;okH;aomf vnf; ]ukef;pum;} udkawmh tpOfa&Smif&Sm; &ygrnf/ 'kp½kdufq,fyg;wGif tygt0ifjzpf aom ]ydokP0gpm} rS uif;a0;vGwfajrmufMu ygap[k arwåm&nfvsuf..../ aZmf n Kd a t;(ausmif ; uk e f ; ) pmrsuf E S m 32 rS y&rwår odrYk [kwf jA[® odrYk [kwf twåuv dk nf; ½kyfwGifrawG&aMumif;? r&SdaMumif;? xkdenf;wl pGmyif a0'em? ocFg&? onm? 0dÓP [k qkd aom emrf w &m;av;yg;wd k Y o nf v nf ; rNrJ aMumif;? xkdemrfw&m;av;yg;wdkYü NrJaom xm0&wnf a omt&m od k Y r [k w f y&rwå r odrYk [kwf jA[® odrYk [kwf twåurkd awGU&aMumif;? r&Sad Mumif; ig;OD;tpk&adS om&[ef;wdt Yk m; Ak'u ¨ a[mMum;&S i f ; vif ; jy&onf / xk d t cgrS o m xkd&[ef;ig;OD;wdkYüpGJaeaom twå0g'csKd;uGm oGm;avawmhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf tewå oabmukd &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifoGm;avawmh onf/ twåqkdaom a0g[m&ukd txuf wGif azmfjyouhJodkY jA[®PwdkY ,kHMunfpGJvrf; onhf y&rwår? jA[®? twåqkdonfukd &nfñTef; ouJhodkY 32 aum|mowdkYjzihf zGJUpnf;xm;onfh rdrd? rdrdtjzpf? ig? igtjzpfukd &nfñTef;&mwGif

vnf; twåqkdaom a0g[m&ukd Ak'¨bmomu tokH;jyKonf/ þtokH;t& twåpGJqkdonfrSm igpGJukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ þtwåpGJ odkYr[kwf igpGJonf rdrd\vuf&Sdb0? ypöKyÜefb0ukd pGJjcif; jzpfonf/ þtwåpGJ odkYr[kwf igpGJonf rdrd\ vuf&Sdb0? ypöKyÜefb0ukd pGJjcif;jzpfonf/ ,if; rSm b0wPSmwGif tusKH;0ifrnfjzpfonf/ þtwå okdYr[kwf igonf jA[®wdkY\ y&rwår odkYr[kwf twåESihfrwlonfukd owdjyKzkdYvkd onf/ xG e f ; wih f a tmif pmrsuf E S m 33rS rlí ]wkpaä yg|dv? armCayg|dv}} [k ac:awmf rlonf/ (toHk;rusaom? tcsnf;tESD;aom ayg|dv[k qdkvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/) xdt k cg ayg|dv&[ef;onf xdwv f efY jcif;jzpfí? *dkPf;oHCmwdkYudk pGefYcGmcJhonf/ ,lZem wpf&mESpfq,fa0;aomc&D;ü&Sdonhf &[EÅmoHk;q,f oDwif;oHk;aom awmausmif; odkY a&muf&Sdonf/ rax&fBuD;udk &Sdcdk;vsuf ]]wynhaf wmf rScD &kd mjzpfawmfryl gbk&m;}} [k usKd ;EGH pGm avsmufxm;onf/ rax&fBuD;onf ]ayg|dv} &[ef; ]rmef} usap&ef? ckepfESpfom; &[EÅmomraP xHodkYoGm;&ef vrf;ñTefonf/ omraPi,fu vnf; ayg|dv&[ef;tm; rmefusatmif jyKvkyf NyD;rS? *,fayguf ajcmufayguf&Sdaom awmifydkY wpfckxJodkY zGwfwpfaumif0ifoGm;onf/ xdkzGwfudk zrf;rdzdkYqdkygu *,fayguf ig;aygufudk tvHkydwfí usefwpfaygufudk apmifhzrf;vQif rdvdrhfrnf[k ajymvkdufonf/ xdktcg ]ayg|dv&[ef;} u ]]ihg&Sif igodNyD}} [k ajymqdkvkdufonf/ ayg|dv&[ef;rSm y&d,wåd ÓPfBuD;oljzpfaomaMumifh ]pdwf} xGuf&m wHcg;aygufajcmufayguf[kqdktyfaom rsufpd ayguf? em;ayguf? ESmacgif;ayguf? vQmayguf? udk,fayguf? raemayguf[lonhf 'Gm&ajcmuf aygufwdkYrS pdwfonf tNrJxGufaeonfudk od vku d o f nf/ odkYjzpfí usefig;aygufrS pdwfrxGuf apbJ? raemaygufrS ]pdwf} udk apmihfzrf;aom tcg ]wnfMunfaom orm"d} udk &&Sdvmawmh onf/ cE¨mud, k Ó f Pfpu kd í f tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå vu©Pmrsm;jrifawGUatmif tm;xkwv f u dk af om tcg wcPjcif;yif t&d,mtjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd oGm;onf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ayg|dvrax&f\ pdwfÓPftajctaeudk ausmif;awmfrSMunhf½I Ny;D a&mifjcnfawmfvw T v f su?f ayg|dvrax&f\

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teD ; wG i f &yfouJhodkY ]]ur®|mef;tm;xkwfrI aMumih f ynmonf jzpf a y:wd k ; yG m ;\/ ur®|mef;tm;rxkwf jcif;aMumihf ynmonf qk w f , k w f u k e f c rf ; \/ ynmwd k ; yG m ;jcif ; ? y nmqk w f , k w f j cif ; wd k Y \ vrf ; ES p f o G , f u d k odjrifNyD;aomf ynmwdk;yGm;atmif rdrdudk,fudk ur® | mef ; bm0emü od r f ; oG i f ; xm;&m\}} [laom "r®y'a'oemudk a[mMum;awmfrl vku d o f nf/ ayg|dvrax&fonf y#dorÇ'd gav;yg; ESihfwuG &[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&mufawmfrl onf/ ("r®y'? r*¾0*f? ayg|dvaw¬&0w¬K) y#dorÇd'gqdkaompum;rSm t&if; tjrpfodatmif azG&Smppfaq;wwfaom ÓPf jzpfonf/ y#orÇ'd gav;yg;rSm (1) tw¬ y #d o rÇ d ' gg= teuf t "d y Ü m ,f u d k xdk;xGif; odjcif;? tusdK;w&m;udk odjcif;/ (2) "r®y#dorÇd'g= w&m;obm0udk pdwfazG&Sm pdppfí? ygVdukd xd;k xGi;f odjcif;? taMumif;w&m; udkodjcif;/ k yd å ?#o d rÇ'd g= bmompum; wnfaqmuf (3) ed½w rI? o'´gpnf;urf;enf;vrf;wdu Yk kd xd;k xGi;f odjcif;/ (4) y#dbmey#dorÇ'd g= tw¬? "r®? ed½w k då y#dorÇd 'goHk;rsdK;udk tus,fa0zefíodjcif;- wdkYjzpfay onf/ ]]cE¨orH 'ku©H emr ew¬d}} ]]cE¨orH- cE¨mig;yg;ESifhwlaom? 'ku©H emr- qif;&Jjcif;rnfonf? ew¬-d r&S}d } [k jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;xm;rIudk tav;*½kjyKvsuf? pd w f t npf t aMu; uif ; a0;pif M u,f & ef ? t&d,mr*fudk&&ef? edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyK&ef wpfckwnf;aom vrf;rSef? wpfaMumif;wnf; aom vrf;rSefjzpfonhf ]owdy|mef} w&m; 0dyóemudk pdu k pf u kd pf ;l pl; txl;usiBfh uEH ikd yf gap aMumif; apwemrGefjzihf EdI;aqmfwdkufwGef;vkduf &ygownf;/ (qif;&Jjcif;'ku©udk csKyfNidrf;apEdkif aom r*¾if&Spfyg; t&d,mtusihfjzpfaom owd y|meokwft& usihfBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfrIwGif jrwfpmG bk&m; cs;D rGr;f jcif;udk tav;xm;a&;om; ylaZmfjcif;omjzpfí oif,t l yfaom pmayusr;f *efjzpfonfh y&d,wådudk ypfy,fxm;&rnf[k rqdkvdkyg/ y&d,wåd? y#dywåd? y#da0" omoem oH;k &yftjzpf jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;xm;cJjh cif; udk tpOfowdcsyf&ayrnf/) pmud k ; - r [ m p n f q & m a w m f b k & m ; \ ]]r[mowdy|me okwf ygVdeo d s}} (1313 ckEpS )f [d e f ; rif ; xuf (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

]Z&m} udk rnmygeYJ t&S i f o k p d w å o m& (rk w f u Ref ; &wem)

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37

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

38

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&[ef;oHCmwkid ;f tNrq J ifjciftyfaomw&m; (10) yg; Alway must be bear in mind Ten facts for the Buddhist monks "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f )

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