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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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3

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

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tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKy f q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om

arwåmESvkH;tpOfokH; w&m;a'oemawmf (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) pum;t&mt*F g (5) csuf jyefNyD;awmhMunhfvkduf&if pum;ajymwJhtcgrSm- (1) ajymoihf wJhtcsdefrSmajymr,f/ rajymoihfwJhtcsdefrSm rajymbl;/ (2) rSefwmudk yJ ajymr,f/ rrSefwmudk rajymbl;/ (3) ajymr,fqdk&ifvnf; MuifMuif emem ,Of,Ofaus;aus;eJY odrfodrfarGUarGUajymr,f/ ½dkif;½dkif;pdkif; pkdif;rajymbl;/ (4) ajymwJhtcgrSm tusdK;&SdwJhpum;udkomajymr,f/ tusdK;r&Sdwmudk rajymbl;/ (5) ajymwJhtcgrSm arwåmeJYajymr,f/ a'goeJrY ajymbl;/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU tqH;k trudMk unhNf y;D a&S;vlBu;D awGu ajymw,f? pdwfqdk;ae&if pum;rajymeJYwJh/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh pum; aumif;rxGufwwfbl;/ rdrdudk,fwdkifu pum;ajymwJh pnf;urf;av;awG csrSwfxm;NyD;awmh 'Dtwdkif; owdxm;NyD; vkdufemusihfoHk;vkdufr,fqdk&if rdrdeJYywfoufwJhyk*¾dKvfawGeJY jyóemwwfp&mtaMumif; r&Sdawmhbl;/ tajymtqd k r S m ud k , f w d k i f p nf ; urf ; &S d y g arwåmESv;kH ysuo f mG ;wm ud, k &fh UJ tajymaMumihyf /J rajymoihw f m udk ajymrdv?Ykd Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;ajymrdv?Ykd r[kww f moGm;ajymrd&ifvnf; jyóem wufwwfw,f/ 'gaMumihrf v Ykd Ykd tajymtqdek YJ ywfoufNy;D awmh ud, k u f , kd w f idk u f pnf;urf;&SdzdkY Ak'¨jrwfpGmu a[mMum;ay;xm;w,f/ Ak'¨jrwfpGma[mMum;xm;cJhwJh w&m;awGu vufawGUvdkufem usihfoHk;zdkYa[mxm;wJh w&m;awGcsnf;ygyJ/ wu,fvkdufemusihfoHk;Munhf vku d rf ,fq&kd ifvnf; xda&mufwhJ tusKd ;awG&ygw,f/ 'gAk'&¨ UJ w&m;awGy/J vlvlcsif;qufqHwJhtcgrSm pum;rsm;NyD;&efjzpfMuwm rsm;yg w,f/ pdwfxJuaeNyD; &efjzpfMuwm enf;ygw,f/ wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; pum; rsm;&mupNyD;awmhyJ &efjzpfMuwmygyJ/ NyD;awmh avmurSm rausreyfjzpfwmawGvnf; pum;awG aMumihyf ?J uG,&f mrSm twif;ajymMuwmaMumihyf ?J ihgudk b,fou l b,fvkd ajymvdkufwmqdkNyD;awmh jyóemjzpfawmhwmygyJ/ wpfqihfhjyefMum;wmawGuaeNyD;awmh tajymtqdkuaepNyD; I u f ? awmh jyóemjzpfMuwmyg/ vlawGqw kd m ]]avmuDtpkw?f vlwEYkd w r[kwfvnf;ajym? [kwfvnf;ajym}} vlawG&JUyg;pyfu pm;zdkYeJYajymzdkYyJ &Sw d t hJ wGuaf Mumihf tajymtqdrk mS pnf;urf;r&Sd avQmufajymaeMuwmyg yJ/ 'gaMumihfrdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u tajymtqdkeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh rlcsxm;wmjzpfw,f/ uk, d u f , kd w f ikd v f u dk ef mNy;D awmh pnf;urf;csxm;r,f

qdk&if jyóemwufp&mr&SdEdkifygbl;/ 'gayr,hf udk,faeae&wJh (Society) rSmu EIwfpnf;urf;&SdwJh olawG&Sdovdk EIwfpnf;urf;r&SdwJholawGvnf; &SdEdkifw,f/ ajymcsif&m ajymwJh yk*¾dKvfawG&JU pum;awGudk vkdufNyD;awmh jyóemjzpfae&ifawmh qHk;EdkifrSmr[kwfawmhbl;wJh/ tJ'gudkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u arwåmESvHk; tpOfoHk;wJh/ 'Dvdka[mcJhygw,f/ bmyJajymajym arwåmeJYom wkefYjyefyg wJ/h ajymoih f w J h p um;ud k o majymyg avmuBuD;uvlawG[m ajymoihfwmudkvnf;ajymwmyJ/ rajymoihfwmudkvnf; ajymMuwmyJ/ [kwfwmvJajymwmyJ/ r[kwfwm vnf; ajymMuwmyJ/ odraf rGUpGmajymwJv h &l o dS vdk Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;vnf; ajymqdkMuwmygyJ/ arwåmpdwef aYJ jymovdk a'goeJaY jymwJyh *k Kd¾ vaf wGvnf; &SEd ikd w f ,f/ tajym (4) rsdK;udk vlawGtm;vHk; BuHKawGUMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ vlaY vmu? vlt Y odik ;f t0dik ;f rSmae&if 'Dvt kd ajymrsKd ;pHu k kd BuKH awGU Mu&rSmyJ/ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG ud, k w f ikd af wmifrS 'Dvt kd ajymawGeYJ BuKH awGU&ygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk vmajymwJholwkdif; ,Of,Ofaus;aus;vmajywmr[kwf bl;/ ½dkif;½dkif;pdkif;pdkif; vmajymwJholawGvnf; &SdwmygyJ/ oH,w k x f rJ S ygwJh tauúmoubm&'GgZqd&k if bk&m;udk vmqJ aewmawmif &Sad o;w,f/ 'DvMdk urf;Murf;wrf;wrf; ajymqdak eorQawGukd vkdufNyD;ajz&Sif;aer,fqdk&if jyóemwufaer,fqdk&if avmurSm jyóemukefEdkifp&m taMumif;r&Sdbl;/ ajz&Sif;vdkY&Ekdifp&mtaMumif; r&Sd bl;/ 'gaMumihrf Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;u b,fvpkd um;rsKd ;awGev YJ majymajym bmudkvkdufem&rvJqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u tcsuf (5) csuf xyfNyD; awmh a[mxm;ao;w,f/ uupl y rok w f Ak'¨jrwfpGmu 'DuuplyrokwfrSm ]]uup}} qdkwm vTudk ac: w,f/ opfcw JG ahJ e&mrSmoH;k wJh [db k uf'b D uf vufuikd yf gwJh vTBu;D awGukd ]]uup}} vdkYac:w,f/ vTOyrmay;xm;wJhokwfrdkYvdkY uuplyrokwfvdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D okweå &f UJ a&SUykid ;f rSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;udk taMumif;jyKNy;D awmh a[mMum; xm;w,f/ tJ'D&[ef;awmfuvnf; pum;aMumihf jyóemwufwmygyJ/ tJ'Dudk,fawmf&JU bGJUu- ]]z*¾Ke}} wJh/ vlYb0wkef;u qHxHk;BuD;eJYaecJhvdkY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

5

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

Ak'¨*Dwdum q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) tuk F & 0w¦ K wdPa'gomed acwåmed?

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf wm0wd Hom arm[a'gom t,H yZm/ ewf j ynf uopf y if & if ; ]y@KurÁ v m}} wo®m [d 0Dw arma[ok? jrausmufzsmü tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk a[m 'dEéH a[mwd r[yævH/ awmfrlvsuf 0gwGif;okH;vywfvkH; oDwif;okH; aeawmf r l a omtcg omoemawmf y jref r muAsm umv0,f wpf q ,h f E S p f , l Z emwk d i f w d k i f tcsif;csif;xdaom pm;zkdckHavmuf tpOfjzihf v,f,majruGuf aygif;zsufepfem? tESpfwpfaomif; ywfvkH; tvSLBuD;ay;aom awGa0rIwGuf jypfcsufowå0g? tuk&F ewfom;onf wefc;dk Bu;D aomewfw\ Ykd xkdYaMumifh rkdufuif; vSLjcif;uom? tmEkabmfukd rcHEkdifí wpfq,hfESpf,lZem tusKd;BuD; wdk;NyD;jrwfvSyg/ t&yfu w&m;awmfukd em&\/ t&Sife½k'¨g tm; wpfa,mufrQaomqGrf;ukd vSLzl;aom Weeds are the bane of fields, £E´ u ewf o m;um; aemuf o d k Y r qk w f & bJ delusion is the bane of this mankind; hence r,f a wmf oEÅ K ód w ewf o m;ES i h f t wl what is given to those rid of delusion yields vusf m 'l ; awmf y g;ü w&m;emEk d i f o nf u k d abundant fruit. jrifawmf rlí 'ge[lonf a&G;cs,fpdppfí jyKoih f o nf u k d jyKawmf r l j cif ; iS m ]]wd P pum;ajy/ / v,f,mwdkYonf jrufaygif;wdkY a'gomed acwåmed}} paom av;*gxmukd aMumihf tjypf&u dS ek \ f / þowå0gtaygif;onf a[mawmfrlonf/ tqkH;ü £E´uewfom; awGa0rkdufrJjcif; (arm[)aMumifh tjypf&Sdukef wdkYonf aomwmyef wnfav\/ \/ xk d Y a Mumih f o mvQif arm[uif ; aom

olYudk ]]armVd, z*¾Ke}} wJh/ ol[m ouFef;0wfvmwJhtcgusawmh bdu©KeDawGEJY tifrweftuRrf;0ifw,f/ cifrif&if;ESD;w,f/ cif r if & if ; ES D ; awmh jyóemjzpf v mw,f / ajymqd k r I a wG e J Y ywfoufNyD;awmh rcHbl;/ jyóemjzpfw,f/ 'Dudk,fawmfhtjypfudk ajymoHMum;&ifvnf; bdu©KeDawGu rcHbl;/ &efjzpfMuw,f/ bdu©KeDawG &JUtjypfukd ajymwmMum;&ifvnf; 'Du d , dk af wmfu rcHb;l ? &efjzpfjyefw,f/ 'gbk&m;vufxufu jzpfaeMuwmudk ajymwmaemf/ tajymrSm jyóem wufw,fqdkwm 'DuaeYacwfrSmyJ tajymeJYjyóemwufaewm trsm; BuD;aemf/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd EIwu f kd pnf;urf;xm;&r,fvaYkd jymwm/ 'Dvjkd yóem awG rsm;vmwJt h cgusawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u olu Y akd c:Ny;D awmh qH;k rw,f aemf/ olu jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif qHk;rwJhtcgusawmh jyefawmhrajymayr,hf 'Dtwdkif;yJqufNyD; vkyfaeawmhwmygyJ/ 'DtaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u &[ef;awGudk jyefNyD;a[mjywmaemf/ ol r aumif ; vnf ; ud k , f a umif ; yg jrwfpGmbk&m;u avmurSmwJh udk,hftay:rSm ywf0ef;usifu aumif;vdkY udk,fu aumif;aewm? qdkvdkwmu olrsm;awGu awmfaevdkY aumif;aewJh olawmfaumif;jzpfae&wm/

xk d y k * ¾ K d v f w d k Y t m; ay;vS L aomtvS L onf BuD;jrwfaom tusKd;&Sd\/ (ygVdawmfenf;) jref r muAsm v,f,majruGuf aygif;zsufepfem? tvkdBuD;vsuf jypfcsufowå0g? xkdYaMumifhvdkuif; vSLjcif;uom? tusKd;BuD; wdk;NyD;jrwfvSyg/ Weeds are the bane of fields, is the bane of this mankind; hence what is given to the desireless yields abundant fruit.

pum;ajy/ / aygif;jrufonf v,f,mwdkY\ tjypfa'gornf\/ tvk&d r®uo f nf þowå0g taygif;\ tjypfa'gojzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh tvkd &r®uu f if;aom yk*K¾ v d w f t Ykd m; ay;vSLaomtvSL onf BuD;jrwfaom tusKd;&Sd\/ (BuD;jrwfaom tusKd;ukday;\) (t*Fvdyfenf;) wPS m 0*f - wPS m tk y f p k NyD ; \/

wcsKd Uusawmh ud, k yfh wf0ef;usiu f odyaf umif;w,fav/ ud, k fh tvdt k wkid ;f jynhaf evdYk ywf0ef;usiu f oabmaumif;vku d w f m/ ywf0ef; usiftqdk;eJY awGU&wJhtcgrSm oabmaumif;ovm;? raumif;bl;vm;¿ qdkwmudk qHk;jzwfMunhf&r,f/ wcsdKUusawmhvnf; wpfpHkwpfck&NyD;awmh OD;pm;ay;cHae&vdkY oabmaumif;aewmvnf; &Sad o;w,f/ OD;pm;ay;cH&vdYk oabmaumif; aewmrsdK;[mvnf; &Sdwwfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk yk*¾dKvfrsdK;[m wu,foabmaumif;wmrsdK; r[kwfyg bl;/ ywf0ef;usifaumif;aewm wu,f,Ofaus;wJhyk*¾dKvfrsdK; r[kwfbl;/ ]]ed0gw}} b,fawmhrS pdwrf qd;k wJyh *k Kd¾ vrf sKd ;r[kwb f ;l / ]]OyoEÅ}} pdwEf v S ;kH Nird ;f at;wJyh *k Kd¾ vrf sKd ;r[kwb f ;l / ud, k u fh , kd u f kd jyefNy;D awmh pOf;pm;Munhaf yhg/ ig[m wu,foabmaumif;wJo h v l m;/ ywf0ef;usiaf umif;vdYk aumif;wm? pdwrf qd;k wwfwmvm;/ pdwq f ;kd p&mr&Sv d Ykd pdwrf qd;k wmvm;/ pdwfqdk;p&mawGU&if pdwfqdk;rSmygvm;/ ywf0ef;usifaumif;vdkY igaumif;aewmygvm;/ wu,hfudk ywf0ef;usiu f raumif;wJMh um;rSm igaumif;atmifaeEkid &f UJ vm;/ ud, k u hf kd axmfavmfuefv Y efv Y yk af ewJv h al wG&UJ Mum;xJrmS ud, k pfh w d u f kd b,favmuf xdef;EdkifovJqdkwmudk pOf;pm;Munhfyg/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

a0;uGmjcif;av;rsKd; rk H & G m aeZm

(u) tuG m ta0;qd k w m Ed I i f ; ,S O f r I u d k tajcjyKNyD;ajymwmyg/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzih f x G u f c G m &mrS a&muf&Sd&mudk wdkif;wmjcif;ygyJ/ tvGefa0;aom t&mav;rsKd;&SdowJh tJ'gawGuawmh 1/ aumif;uifeJYajrBuD; 2/ ork'´&m&JU 'Dbufurf;rS [dkbuf urf; 3/ aexGu&f mt&yfeYJ ae0if&m t&yf 4/ olawmfaumif;w&m;eJY ol,w k rf m w&m; (t*Fkwå&edum,f? pwkuúedygwf? ok0d'l&okwf) aumif;uifeJY ajrBuD; b,favmuf a0;ovJ? aumif;uif[m tqHk;tpr&Sd yuwd tmumo[if;vif;jyif a0[iftmum? ajrBuD ; uawmh tuef Y t owf & S d w,f/ tqHk;&Sdw,f/ urÇmajrBu;D yJaygY/ urÇmay:rSm Ekid if H rsm;pGm vlawGrsm;pGmaexdkifMuw,f/ wd&pämef aygif;pHkvnf; rSDwif;aexdkifMuw,f/ tJ'u D rÇmajrBu;D eJY aumif;uif tuGm ta0;? N*Kd [w f ak wG ypfvw T pf rf;oyfMu? 'H;k ysaH wG vT w f w if ? pl ; prf ; Mu? tmumo,mOf a wG e J Y prf;oyf vlrJh,mOf? vlygwJh,mOf? ypfvTwfMu qJ? vTww f ifMuqJ? prf;oyfMuqJ? us,jf yefaY jym wJh tmumooabmudk apmaMumvdkY rNyD;Mu ao;? Ny;D qH;k jcif;odv Yk nf; a&mufygYrvm;? tmum o&JU tEÅdrqdkwm &Sdaum &SdvdkYvm;/ Ak'¨bk&m; uawmh pMu0Vm teEÅvkdY ESpfaygif; 2500 ausmfuyif odjrifcJh/ bmyJjzpfjzpf aumif;uifeJY ajrBuD; [m tvGefa0;uGmwmawmh aocsmygw,f/ (c) ork'&´ m&JU 'Dbufurf;eJ[ Y b kd ufurf; urÇmajryHkrSm a&jyifu ajrjyifxuf oHk;qavmufydkus,fw,f/ urÇmajr[m ork'&´ m&JU av;yHk wpfykH om&Sd/

'D a wmh u m wpf b uf u rf ; a&muf atmif tMumBuD;oGm;&w,f/ ,aeYaomf toHxufjrefwJh *suf av,mOfysHawGeJY ork'´&mawGudk jzwfoef; yso H ef;r,fq&kd ifawmh a&mufEidk af yoaygY/ bmyJ ajymajym a0;wmuawmh taotcsmyJ r[kwf vm;/ 'gaMumihfrdkY Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;u oHo &mudk 'Dbufurf; edAÁmefudk [dkbufurf;vdkY awmif wifpm;NyD; a[mMum;awmfrlwmaygY/ ul;cwfoGm;vmzdkY jzwfoef;zdkY tvGefa0;uGmNyD; cufcJwmudk &nf&G,fNyD; Oyrmay;awmfrlcJh wmyg/ Ak ' ¨ b k & m; a[mMum;awmf r l w J h "r®a'oemawGudk ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm; cGJjcm;rSwfom; Ekid af yw,f/ eDww¬a'oem wdkuf½dkufñTefMum; a[mxm;wJh a'oemeJY ae,swa¦ 'oem- Oyrm Oyar,s yHkaqmifNyD;a[mMum;wJh a'oemwdkYyJ jzpfw,f/ aqmif a [mxm;wmud k wd k u f ½ d k u f t"dyÜg,f,l&ifvnf; rSm;wwfw,f/ wdkuf½dkuf a[mMum;csufudk aqmifa[mwmxif&ifvnf; vGw J wfygw,f/ oHo&m[m 'Dbufurf; edAÁmef[m [dkbufurf;vdkY a[mMum; csu[ f m t"dygÜ ,fay:atmifoo d mvG,af tmif

Oyrmaqmifa[mcJhwmyg/ o'¨g, w&wd MoCH? tyÜrma'e tPÖ0H/ 0D&da,e 'ku©H tapöwd? ynm, y&dokZÑwd/ (oH,kwf? rdvdE´yͧm) Ak'¨jrwfpGma'oemawmfxJrSm MoC av;jzmeJY usifvnf&m oHo&m[m yifv,f ork'&´ mBu;D eJw Y w l ,f? tJ'o D rk'&´ mBu;D udk ]o'¨g w&m;} eJY jzwful;Ekdifw,f/ ]o'¨gw&m;} qdkwm &wemoH;k wefeYJ uHu&H UJ tusK;d w&m;udk t<uif; rJh ,HkMunfjcif;yg/ o'¨gw&m;vdkY t&yfpum; yrm vG,fvG,fac:vdkY em;,OfaeMuayr,fh ½dk;w,fxifayr,fh olY&JU tusKd;oGm;eJY wHcdk; rsm;u BuD;rm;us,fjyefYayw,f/ rarh r avsmh j cif ; qd k w J h ]tyÜ r m'} (owd) w&m;eJY tPÖ0gjyif ork'´&myifv,f cGifBuD;udkul;ajrmufNyD; wpfbufurf;qdkwJh ed A Á m ef o d k Y a &muf & S d o G m ;apEk d i f w ,f / ]0D & d , w&m;} eJY 'ku©udkausmfvGefEkdifNyD; ]ynm} u ud a vomawG pif M u,f o ef Y & S i f ; oG m ;apEk d i f w,f / (*) aexGuf&mt&yfeJY ae0if&mt&yf ta&SUO'nfawmifpGef;uae ae0ef; pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

Z#dvolaX;BuD; taMumif; &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k )

Z#dvonf Am&mPoDNrdKUrS olaX; orD;wpfa,mufESihf 0dZ Æm"dk&fwdkY aygif;oif; rd M u&mrS ayguf z G m ;vmaomol jzpf o nf / ol \ rd c if r S m Am&mPoD o l a X; wpf O D ; \ orD;jzpf\/ olaX;orD;onf ½kyf&nf½lyum tvG e f a csmarmvS y ol j zpf \ / ol r onf txde;f awmf trsKd ;orD;Bu;D wpfa,mufEiS t fh wl bHkckepfqihf&Sdaom jymom'f wpfckxufwGif aexkid af vonf/ wpfaeYwiG f olaX;orD;onf jymom'f aqmif avomjywif;wHcg;udkzGihfvsuf tjyif bufodkY Munhfav&m aumif;uifrS c&D;vSnhf vnfaeaom 0dZÆm"dk&fwpfa,muf jrifawGUoGm; NyD; olaX;orD;ESihf 0ifa&mufaygif;oif;qufqH avonf/ olaX;orD;vnf; 0dZmÆ "d&k Ef iS fh ud, k 0f ef &um om;i,fudk zGm;jrif&avawmhonf/ olaX;orD;onf om;i,fzGm;jrifNyD; aemuf tkdk;opfwpfvHk;wGifxnhfí tdk;ay:wGif yef;uHk;wifNyD; txdef;awmftrsdK;orD;BuD;tm; a&rSm oGm;a&mufarQmcdkif;vkduf\/ awGUjrifol rsm;u ar;cJhaomf ]]ihgocifr Avdewfpm auR; ckid ;f wm}} [kajymqd&k ef rSmMum;vku d \ f / txde;f awmfBuD;vnf; olYocifr apcdkif;onhftwdkif; arG;uif;puav;i,fudk **FgjrpfxJ arQmcsvkduf avonf/ **Fgjrpfurf;ajcrS arQmvmaom xdt k ;kd udk a&csdK;aeMuaom trsdK;orD;ESpfOD; NydKifwl jrifvkdufMupOf trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufupNyD;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

11

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

12

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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t&S i f Ó P0& (omaygif ; )

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qif;&JpmG jzihf ud;k q,hEf pS u f rÇmywfv;kH qif;&JpmG aecJh&NyD;rS þb'´urÇmwGif uukoefbk&m; yGihfawmfrlvmvnf; tJ'Dvdk oHCmhypönf; qGrf; abmZOfrsm;udk pm;aomufcJhwmaMumihf Nydwåm b0rS rvGwfjyefao;yg/ aemuf aumP*Hk bk&m;&Siyf iG afh wmfrv l mjyefvnf; &Spaf omif;av; axmifaom NydwåmwdkY'ku©qif;&JrsdK;pHk cHpm;&NyD; Nydwåmb0rSmyif tpm;qif;&J? taomufqif;&J pGmjzihf 'Db0BuD;rS vGwfcsifjyefvnf; rvGwfEdkif bJ qif;&JpGm ae&ygw,f/ aemuf a*gwrjrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f yGihfawmfrlvmwJhtcgMurS AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;tm; Nydwåmrsm;u tdrfrufay;ojzihf bk&m;trSL;&Sd aom oH C mawmf a wG u d k qG r f ; quf u yf vSL'gef;Ny;D trQay;vku d rf S Nyw d må b0 uRwv f w G f oGm;Muygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk taMumif;t&mawG axmufMunhfvQif tvGefaMumufp&maumif; ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf raMumufwJholawGvnf;

rsm;pGm&Sdvdrhfr,fvdkY xifygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ qdyk gvQif bk&m;awGrS avvHqNJG y;D ,ckacwfBu;D rSm vkypf m;MuolawG &Sad eMuygw,f/ 'Dvkd bk&m; ypönf;? oHCmhypönf;awG pm;aomufMuwm jrif&wkdi;f ayw0w¬K? wda&muk¥okwaf wmfwiG f vmaom taMumif;t&mudk owd&vdu k yf gonf/ ]]bk & m;ypö n f ; ? i&J r D ; ? oH k ; enf ; tvG e f c uf / oHCmhypönf;? tqdyfoD;? pm;enf; tvG e f c uf / pm;oH k ; rd v Qif weif e if ? aovQif tvG e f c uf / i&JodkYus? 0#f'u k ?© vGwjf yef&zdcYk uf/ i&J b 0? vG w f j yef u ? Nyd w å m bH k o d k Y quf / Nyw d må b0? vGwjf yefu? vlb Y akH &muf zd k Y c uf / vl Y b H k a &muf v m? omoem? BuH K & jyef z d k Y c uf / pmrsuf E S m 32 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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oligvk,uf csdK;umzsufeJY ESdyfpufjyKpm; ysufpD; oGm;&yHu k kd avQmufwifaomtcgrSm rif;Bu;D [m "r®oHa0*Bu;D pGm&í toufr&Sad om o&ufyif udyk if aus;Zl;&Sit f jzpf rSwx f if,q l vufco H mG ; ygw,f/ aus;Zl;odwwfol? aus;Zl;wifwwf ol? pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwf&SdolwdkYrSm rdrdtwGuf aumif;usdK;jzpfapaom ouf&SdoufrJht&m XmerSeforQudk aus;Zl;&Sif? aus;Zl;wiftyf aom t&m[lí ½dkaoav;jrwf toduyfí owfrSwf wwfMuygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifonfyif ud k , f a wmf y G i h f & m anmif r [mud k wav; wpm;ta&;xm;zdkY a[mMum;rdefYrSmcJhygw,f/ ,aeYavmuvlYb0udk a&muf&Sdae MuNyDjzpfaom pma&;oltygt0if oligrsm;pGm vlwumwdkY[m ukd,hfb0rSm aus;Zl;wifxkduf olrsm;udak wGU&SMd uNyv D m;? aus;Zl;wifxu kd af om t&mrsm;udk BuHKqHkzl;MuNyDvm;? udk,fua&m olwpfyg;tay:udk ykAÁum&D yk*¾dKvftaejzihf t&ifOD;pGm aus;Zl;jyKzl;ygovm;? olwpfyg;wdkY u jyKz;l aom aus;Zl;rsm;udak &m odwwfem;vnf pGmjzihf uwnKuwa0'D r*Fvmw&m;taejzihf jyefvnfwjYkH yef aus;Zl;qyfz;l ygovm;? olwpfyg; wdkY\ a&S;uwifxm; aus;Zl;w&m;rsm;udka&m tNrJ w ap ES v H k ; om;rS m rS w f r S w f o m;om; odrf;qnf;xm;Edkifyg&JUvm;? udk,hfpdwfudk,fppf vku d &f ifawmh ud, k t fh aMumif;ud, k t f odq;kH jzpf oGm;rSmyg/ jrwfAk'¨uawmh ]aus;Zl;&SifjypfrSm; 'Pf q ,f y g;ES i f h aus;Zl ; od j rif usd K ;q,f tif} [lNyD; a[mMum;cJhygw,f/ avmurSm taMumif ; t&m 0w¬ K wpf c k c k u d k trS D j yKNyD ; aumif;usdK;jzpfcJhw,fqdk&if tJ'Dt&m0w¬K[m udk,hf&JUaus;Zl;&SifygyJ/ rsufpdrIefaeoltwGuf rsufrSefuav;wvuf? em;av;aeoltwGuf em;Mum;ud&d,mav;wpfpHk? tm;tifcsnhfeJY t&G , f t d k v suf & S d a eol t wG u f vuf u wH k ; awmifa0S;av;wpfacsmif;[m u,fwif&Sif r[maus;Zl;&SifBuD;ygyJ/ aus;Zl;&Sifudk apmfum; tyg,fvm;& wJh taMumif;om"uwpfcu k awmh wd o H edygwfç r[muydZmwfawmfrSm a&S;wkef;tcg Am&mP oD j ynf e ,f umod & G m av;rS m aewJ h yk P Ö m ;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ wpfa,muf[m v,f,mvkyfudkifpm;aomuf &if; wpfaeYrSm EGm;awGudk xGefucRwfvdkY acwå tem;ay;um aygufwl;eJYajrudkqGaeygw,f/ EGm;awG[m e,fvGefNyD; awmeufxJa&mufoGm; vdkY vkduf&Sm&if; olygvrf;rSm;NyD; [dr0EÅmawm BuD;xJrSm (7) &ufvHk; tpmiwf? a&iwfeJY 'ku© a&mufaepOfrSm wnfyifwpfyifudkawGYwJhtcg vufuseftiftm;av;udkpkNyD; tyifay:wuf um wnfo;D pm;aewke;f vdru hf svmNy;D tawmif ajcmufq,favmufeufwh J acsmufxu J somG ;ygw,f/ q,f&ufavmufMumawmh tavmif; awmf arsmuf r if ; [m tpm&S m xG u f v m&m acsmufwiG ;f rS ykPmÖ ;udak wGUNy;D u½kPmoem;vS í acsmufurf;yg;twGif; cufcJpGmqif;NyD; 'Pf&mESit fh m;jywfaeaomykPmÖ ;udk ausmyd;k í wyifwyef; uke;f ay:odYk wif,v l mNy;D ausmuf zsmwpfckay:wifxm;um]toifykPÖm; oifhudk u,fwif&wm uREykf f yifyef;oGm;vdYk cPtem;,lyg&ap? uREykf f udk acwåapmifah &Smufyg} vdYk rSmMum;Ny;D pdwcf spmG tdyfaysmfoGm;ygw,f/ tJ h ' D t csd e f vl , k w f r myk P Ö m ;[m raumif;aomBupH nfpw d ef YJ toufocifaus;Zl; &Sif arsmufrif;&JU OD;acgif;udk ausmufcJeJY xkcs vkdufwm aoG;awGyef;xGufvmNyD; arsmufrif; vnf; uysmu,m opfyifay:ajy;wufygw,f/ tavmif;awmfarsmufrif;[m 'kua© &mufaewJh ykPÖm;udk jypfrxm;&uf? pdwfrqdk;EdkifbJ ]toif [m tvGef,kwfrmolyJ? toihfem;udk uyfvdkY rjzpfbl;? 'DrSm xm;ypfcJh&ifvnf; toif 'ku© a&mufOD;r,f? tJ'Dawmh ihgacgif;uusvmwJh aoG;pufudk ajc&mcHNyD; vkdufcJhyg} [k ajymum opfyifwpfyifrS wpfyifay:odu Yk ;l um vrf;jyay; Ny;D &Gmem;txd ydaYk y;&Smw,f/ tAsmyg'? ta'goç arwåmpdwjf zpfwhJ arsmufrif;&JUjrihjf rwf&ihu f suf aom pdwfxm;yJjzpfygw,f/ (twk,loihfvSay \/) vl,kwfrm ykPÖm;[m aus;Zl;&Sifudk jypfrmS ;rdonhaf Mumifh Elema&m*gpGNJ y;D ckepfEpS v f ;kH vH;k 'kut © Bu;D tus,f vufawGUcHpm;&awmh\/ wpfaeYrSm Am&mPoDrif; wdkif;cef;vSnhfvnf vmwJ h t cgrS m vrf ; Mum;xJ r S m vJ a e&S m wJ h ykPÖm;BuD;udkawGUí tusdK;taMumif;ar;aom tcg ykPmÖ ;[m 0rf;enf;aemifw&pGmeJY olt Y jzpf awGukd avQmufxm;Ny;D olv Y kd aus;Zl;&Siu f kd rjypf rSm;rdzdkYeJY aus;Zl;&Sifudk jypfrSm;rdcJh&if oluJhodkY t&Sifvwfvwf 'ku©a&mufwwfaMumif;udk ajymMum;NyD; tJ'Dae&mrSmyJ ajrjyifvTmESpfvTm xufjcrf;uGJNyD; t0Dpdi&JodkY usa&mufoGm;yg

w,f/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmjynfzGm; qHk;rpum; uawmh t&dyfaeaetcufcsdK;csdK;? om;a&ay: tdyf oa&em;pm;? pm;cGuaf o;yef; aus;Zl;uef; [lNy;D auR;aomvufukd jyefrudu k yf gESi?fh aus;Zl; &Sifudk aus;jyefrpGyfygESihf[k today;qHk;rxm; ygw,f/ aus;Zl ; &S i f q ,f O D ; cif y G e f ; BuD ; q,f y g;rS m jrwf p G m bk & m;? yapö u Ak ' ¨ g ? t*¾ o m0u? r[mom0u? ½d k ; ½d k ; &[EÅ m ? rd c if ? zcif ? pmayES i h f twwf y nmud k oif M um;ay;aomq&m? oD v ç orm"d ç ynm*k P f j znh f u sih f a ewJ h y k * ¾ d K vf ? w&m; "r®rsm;udk a[mMum;ay;aomyk*¾dKvf? xrif; wvk w f ç a&wrI w f E S i h f xd k i f p &mç ae&m av;rQaus;Z av;rQaus;Zll;jyKzl;aomyk*¾dKvfwdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ xd k q ,f r sd K ;aomaus;Zl ; &S i f B uD ; wd k Y t m; aus;Zl ; od r S w f j yef v nf q yf y gu rnf o nh f t &yf a 'oürqd k tpm;tpm aygrsm;jcif ; ? a&muf a v&mü av;pm; yl a Zmf c H & jcif ; ? &ef o l r sd K ;ig;yg;ES i h f uif ; a0; &jcif ; ? cspf o l c if o l a ygrsm;jcif ; ? rnf o nf h y&d o wf ü rqd k &J & ih f p G m aeEd k i f j cif ; ? aum if; aumif

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aom*k P f o wif ; ausmf M um;jcif ; ? tNcH t &H rjywf&Sdjcif;? pdkufysdK;arG;jrLxm;aom oD;ESHç wd & pä m ef w d k Y j zpf x G e f ; atmif j rif j cif ; ? tcuf tcJ & S d ygu tul t nD v G , f u l j cif ; ? om; orD ; ES i h f pD ; yG m ;aumif ; pG m jzpf x G e f ; jcif ; wd k Y &&S d \ / tjyef t m;jzih f csd K U,G i f ; apmf u m; 'Pfq,fyg;rSm aoG;tHjcif;ESifh twGi;f a&m*grsm;? pD;yGm;ysufpD;yGm;usjcif;? udk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif; rsm; usdK;jywfuef;oGm;jcif;? taoG;tom;ESihf ta&jym;wG i f qd k ; 0g;aoma&m*gjzpf j cif ; ? pdwrf rSe½f ;l oGyaf zmufjyefjcif;? &mZ0wfab;oifh jcif;? r[kwrf w&m;pGypf cJG &H jcif;? aqGrsKd ;om;csi;f rsm;ESihf aouGJuGJ&jcif;? ydkifqdkifrIrsm; qHk;½IH;jcif;? aetd r f t &yf a 'o rD ; avmif j cif ; wd k Y j zpf \ / txl ; od & ef r S m r*f Ó Pf z d k v f Ó Pf u d k v nf ; wm;jrpfwwf\/ odkYygaomaMumifh t&dyfcdkzl;olwdkif; tudkif;rcsdK;rdMuap&ef apwemtaygif;ESihf arwåma&avmif;vkduf&yg\/ ok w - a&T o H v G i f ñT e f ; Zmwued y gwf a wmf

vdIifMunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywkdufESifh'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD 1/ "r®0D&\ "r®oHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) 2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) 3/ urÇmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm; (wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpkrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) 5/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ aumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("r®y') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 6/ oEÅdokcokdY avScg;ckepfoG,f (wuúokdvfoQifoD&d) 7/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI&wem t&S i f o D v mpm&(zm;uef Y ) 8/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) 9/ a*gyuESifh Ak'¨b@mawmf (wuúodkvfoQifoD&d) 10/ edAÁmefwufvrf; (ref;wuúokdvfatmifjrifh0if;) 11/ jyifytdyfrufwpfck rkd;[def;(om;*sme,fausmf) 12/ orda'¨g',q&mBuD; a':rmvm&D (t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

16

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DHAMMA TALK "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

tvGefw&m cufcJeufeJaom y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awmfudk t&SiftmeE´mu reufeJ rcufcJ odvG,fonf[k qdkawmfrljcif;taMumif; armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) oHk;avmuxGwfwif oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;ocif txl;jyKa[m Mum;awmfrlaom tvGefw&mrS eufeJonhf y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awmfudk t&SiftmeE´mrax&fu reufeJ rcufcJyJ ay:vGifodvG,fygonf[k &J0Hh pGm rdefYqdkawmfrljcif;rSm? av;&yfaomtaMumif;wdkYaMumifhjzpfonf[k oVm,we0*¾ oH,kwfygVdawmf? t|uxmwGif rdefYqdkazmfjyawmfrlyg onf/ rd e f Y q d k E d k i f j cif ; taMumif ; av;&yf t&Sit f meE´mrax&fjrwf xdu k o hJ Ykd rdeq Yf akd wmfrEl ikd jf cif;taMumif; av;&yfwdkYrSm(1) Oyedó,ESihf jynhfpHkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?

(2) wdw¬0gornfaom qdyfurf;ESihfwlaom q&mhxHü ynm oifMum;qnf;yl;tm;xkwfjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;?

(3) aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;?

(4) A[kokwtvGef<u,f0aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;þtaMumif;av;&yfwdkYaMumifhjzpfygonf/ (1) Oyed ó ,ES i h f jynh f p H k j cif ; Oyedó,ESihfjynhfpHkjcif;[lonfrSm ÓPfynmBuD;rm;&jcif;\ tm;BuD;aom taMumif;jzpfonfh yg&rDukodkvfESihf jynhfpHkjcif;aywnf;/ t&SiftmeE´mrax&fjrwfonf y'krkwå&jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmfu pí urÇmwpfoed ;f ywfv;kH ? r[mom0uyg&rDuo k v kd rf sm;pGmwdu Yk kd qnf;yl; awmfrlcJhayonf/ þodkY yg&rDukodkvfrsm;pGmwdkYaMumihf ÓPfynmBuD;rm; aom yk*¾dKvfjzpfvm&onf/ xdkYaMumifh tvGefw&mcufcJeufeJvSpGmaom y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awmfBuD;udk tvGefreufeJvSyg? rcufcJvSyg? odvG,f xif&Sm;ay:vGifvSygonf[k &J0ifhpGmqdkawmfrlEdkifjcif;jzpfygonf/ (2) wd w ¬ 0 gornf a omqd y f u rf ; qd k o nf r S m wdw0H¬ , d mwdwad w¬m- jrpfork'&´ mqdyu f rf;ESiyfh rmwlonfjzpf aomaMumifh q&mudk wdw¬[kqdkonf/ wpfzufurf;odkY ul;oGm;vdkolwdkY pk½Hk;a&muf&Sd&mXmeum;? jrpfork'´&mqdyfurf;jzpfonf/ twwfynm &,lvdkolwdkY pk½Hk;a&muf&Sd&mXmeum; ynmoifay;aom 'domygarmu© tp&Sdaom q&maywnf;/ xdkYaMumifh ynmoifMum;ay;aomq&mudk jrpfork'´&mqdyfurf;ESihf ckdif;EIdif;í jyqdkMuavonf/ 0gaomp O*¾a[mp o0eÍö? "m&PÍömyd0gaom? wdaw¬0gaom

wdw¬0gaom? qdyfurf;ozG,fjzpfaom q&mxHü ½dkaopGmaexdkifqnf; uyfjcif;? ynmoif,ljcif; em;axmifjcif;? aqmif,ljcif;wdkYonf ygVdbm omü wdw¬0gornf\/ t&SiftmeE´mrax&f ynmoif,lqnf;yl;&myk*¾dKvfwdkYum; jrwfpGmbk&m;wnf;[laom q&mwnf;/ ynmt&m {w'*fbGJU &awmfrl aom t*¾om0u? r[mom0u &[EÅm r[max&fjrwfBuD;wdkYonf vufaxmufq&mrsm;aywnf;/ t&Sit f meE´monf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Six f aH wmfrS "r®cE¨m&Spaf omif; ESpfaxmifoif,l\/ t&Sifom&dykwå&mtp&Sdaom r[max&fwdkYxHrS "r®u©E¨m ESpfaxmifwdkYudk oif,lav\/ 'GgoDwd Ak'¨awm *PSd H? a'Go[ómed bdu©Kawm/ pwk & moD w d o[ómed ? a,ar"r® m y0wå d a em/ ('D-1? |-4? [Hom0wDrl) þuJo h Ykd y&d,wå"d r®ukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&SiEf iS w hf uG &[EÅmrax&f BuD;wdkYtxHrS oif,lqnf;yl;cJhaomaMumihf om|uxwdyd#u"&yk*¾dKvf jzpfawmfrl\/ ]]r[myanm 0w tmeaE´ m ? y@d a wm 0w tmeaE´ m }} jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif csD;rGrf;awmfrltyfaom ynm&Sd yk*¾dKvfausmfjzpfawmfrl\/ xdkYaMumihf t&SiftmeE´monf y#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;awmfudk reufeJrcufcJvSyg? vG,fulay:vGifxif&Sm;vSygonf[k qdkEdkifawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ (3) aomwmyef y k * ¾ d K vf j zpf j cif ; wwd , taMumif ; aomwmyefy*k Kd¾ vw f o Ykd nf ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfukd tvGeyf ikd Ef ikd pf mG &&SdMuukef\/ xdkYaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fwnf;[laom aMumif;usdK;quf w&m;udk tvGefxGif;azmufí odjrifawmfrlEdkifMuukef\/ t&SiftmeE´m rax&fonfum; y#dorÇd'gywåaomwmyefyk*¾dKvfaywnf;/ xdaYk Mumihf tvGecf ufceJ ufeaJ om y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f w&m;awmfBu;D udk vG,fulayhgyg;pGm xifjrifawmfrlEdkifjcif;jzpfavonf/ þonfwdkYum; t&SiftmeE´monf y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awmfudk reufeJ? rcufcJ? ay:vGif xif&mS ;vG,u f yl gonf[k &J0phH mG rdeq Yf akd wmfrEl ikd jf cif; taMumif;av;yg;wdYk yif jzpfayownf;/ armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

tarha<u;ausapzkYd Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D )

(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

NyD/

yrm'ó pwå m a&m tyg,m ou a*[-o'd o m arhavsmu h m rodavoltm; tyg,fav;bHo k nf ud, k t hf rd yf rm tcsdefra&G; oGm;vmaexdkifEkdifacsonf/ tyg,fav;bHkonf tarhom; BuD;rsm;aexdkif&m tarhtdrfomjzpfavonf/ arhjcif;[lonf rodjcif;\ t&if;tjrpfjzpfí rodjcif; arm[ yifjzpf\/ tdyfaysmfaeolESihf bmrQ rjcm;awmhavNyD/ tdyfaysmfol tod rsm;onfvnf; trSefodrsm; r[kwfygacs/ tdyfruftodrsKd;omjzpfav onf/ tdyrf ufxüJ aysmpf &mrsm;udv k nf; awGU&\/ idpk &mrsm;udv k nf; awGU&\/ &,fzG,f&m? armaep&mrsm;udkvnf; awGU&\/ tmumo aumif;uifodkYvnf; ysHwufEkdif\/ a&xJodkYvnf; ikwfvQdK;Ekdif\/ ajrxJ odkYvnf; ikwfvQdK;Ekdif\/ jzpfcsifovdk tm;vHk;jzpfEkdif\/ rjzpfEkdifaom t&m[lí tdyfrufxJü r&Sdygacs/ tdyrf ufxüJ jzpfaeorQonf tdyrf ufumv twGi;f ü tm;vH;k jzpf&yfrSefrsm;jzpfí udk,fwdkifcHpm;&ojzihf trSefw&m;csnf;omjzpfav \/ trSm;[lí bmqdk bmrQ r&SdjzpfMuavonf/ odkYaomfvnf; tdyf&mtdyfrufrS owd&vmaomtcg tdyfruf twGif; udk,fwdkifcHpm; awGUBuHKorQ tm;vHk;onf trSm;rsm;omjzpfacs onf/ tdyfruftodrsm;omjzpfacs\/ xdktrSm;ppfppf jzpfoGm;&onf rSm udk,fwkdifEdk;xvsuf owd&jcif;jzihf trSwfowd& tawGUtBuHK cHpm; csufrsm;aMumifhyifjzpf\/ trSeftm;jzihf tdyfruftarhowdudk owd& Edk;x toduacszsufvdkufjcif;yifjzpf\/ arhavsmhaeaom olonfvnf; arhrodrsm;jzihf jyKvkyfajymqdk BuHawG;rIrsm;udk tm;vHk;trSefcsnf;[kom rSwf,lae\/ tb,faMumihf qdkaomf tarhrodol udk,fwkdifawGUBuHKcHpm;ae&aom jzpf&yfrSefrsm; aMumihfomwnf;/ udk,fwdkif rarhravsmhowd&vmaomtcgwGif tarhrodb0 u jyKvyk af jymqdBk uaH wG;rIrsm; rSm;aMumif;od&\/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf tarhrodrsm;udk rarhtodrsm;u acszsufay;vdkufjcif;aMumihfwnf;/ Oyrm yHjk yifav;wpfck Mum;cJzh ;l \/ arhavol tarhom; tarh orD;vlysKd? tysKdwdkY orD;&nf;pm;b0jzpfaeMu\/ wpfaeYaomtcgwGif tarhom;? tarhorD;ESpaf ,mufom;wdYk awGUqH&k m0,f tarhorD; unm ysKdu tarhom;umvom;\ tar\ toJESvHk;udkrS &,lvdkaMumif; ajymvm\/ oif\ tarhtoJESvHk;udk&rS tcspfudpöjynhf0rnfjzpf aMumif;ajymqdkvm\/ xdt k cgwGif tarhom;udv k al csmu tarhxH tjrefjyefNy;D tarh toJESvHk;ay;&eftwGuf ylqmav\/ r&rcsif;yif ylqmav\/ tarh toJESvHk;udkrSr&í rarhom;rsufESmBuD; MunfMunfomom r&Sdawmhacs

tar[l o nf v nf ; tarh o m;rsm;twG u f pd w f c srf ; om udk,fcsrf;om&SdrnfqdkvQif rdrdtoufESihf 'ku©rsKd;pHkwdkYudk arhxm;olrsm; jzpfyg\/ rdrdaornfh ta&;udkajy;í &ifqdkifcJhonfrSm tarhom;arG; wdkif;jzpfcJhonfr[kwfygavm/ tarhom;u tarhtoJEv S ;kH udk awmif;vmonfukd taronf tarhom;twGuf tvdkjznhfay;&ef &ifudkcGJí toJESvHk;ay;vdkufav onf/ tarhom;onf tarh&ifuGJí toufqHk;&onfudk vHk;0? vHk;0 owdr&? taray;vdkufaom toJESvHk;udk&í tm;&0rf;omauseyfpGm jzihf cspfolxH tarhtoJESvHk;udkydkufí tm;oGefcGefpdkuf 'kef;wdkufum tajy;jyefav&m? vrf;wGif tarhom;cifAsm cvkyfwdkufí vJavawmh \/ xdktcg tarhtoJESvHk;u pum;ajymvm\/ om;vlav; tarhom; tarhom; b,fem;emoGm;ovJ[k tarhtoJEv S ;kH u ar;vm \/ xdktcgusrS tarhom; owd&um om;rSm;NyD arar? jzpfae& &Sm\/ tarhom; arhaeonfrSm tarwpfa,mufvHk; toufqHk;&onf wdkifatmif jzpfae\/ tarhw&m;jzihf tarhtoJESvHk; ,l&onfudkyif t[kwftrSef[k xifae\/ wpfavmuvHk; trsKd;orD;rsm;onf tarh om;rsm;tay: tem;vnfqHk;? tjrwfEdk;qHk;? cGihfvTwfEdkifqHk;? aus;Zl; trsm;qHk;? jzpfaeolrSm rdrdarG;xm;aom tarjzpfonfqdkwm arhae awmh\/ tarum; tarhom;rsm;twGuf tEdIif;rJh trsKd;orD;jzpfyg\/ tarhom;u toJEv S ;kH ud, k pl Ofü rSeo f nf[k xif&aomfvnf; tarhtoJEv S ;kH u pum;ajymvmcsed w f iG f tarhrS tarjzpfvmí rSm;rSe;f od&avonf/ odkYjzpfí tarhw&m;jzihf jyKvkyfajymqdk BuHawG;rIwdkYonf rod rIvTrf;rdk;xm;jcif;aMumifh trSm;w&m; tukodkvfrsm;omwnf;/ trSwo f wd rarhw&m;jzihf jyKvyk af jymqdBk uaH wG;rIrsm; tm;vH;k wdkYonf trSefw&m; ukodkvfwdkYomwnf;/ tarhzufí tukov kd w f &m;rsm; jyKvyk u f sL;vGeyf gvQif tyg,f av;yg;odkY usa&muf&ojzihf tyg,fav;yg; tarhtdrfjzpfayownf;/ tyÜ r awå m yrawå o k ? ok a wå o k A[k Z m*a&m rarhravsmhjcif;onf Edk;Mum;olESihfwl\/ arhavsmhjcif;onf tdyfaysmfolESihfwl\/ Ed k ; Mum;aeol o nf avmutwG i f ; jzpf y suf o rQtm;vH k ; taumif;tqdk;ponfwdkYudk rsufjrifudk,fawGU awGUBuHKcHpm;ae&ojzihf tm;vHk; odaeoljzpf\/ rdrdukd tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd;? 'ku©trsKd;rsKd; ponf ay;Ekdif- ray;EkdifwdkYudk odae\/ tusKd;aumif;ay;rnf/ tusKd;,kwf

DHAMMA TALK "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;ESihf yapöuAk'¨gwdkY\ xl;jcm;csufrsm; cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

ol w pf y g;uk d &S i f o mraPjyKí tmbd o mrmpm&d u Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf rif;ykPÖm;rsKd;üjzpf\/ yapöuAk'¨onf 0wfponfudk oifjyray;wwfukef/ xdkYaMumihf yapöuAk'¨gwdkYtm; rif;ykPÖm;olaX;ol<u,frsKd;üjzpf\/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wufuyfürjzpf/ qkwfuyfüomjzpf\/ &SifomraP(udk&if)[lí r&Sdavukef/ wpfodef;wrf;? wpf&mwrf;twGif;ü jzpf\/ wpfodef;txufESihf yapö u Ak ' ¨ g wd k Y O yk o f j yKMuyH k (1) pdwåoav’acg umwaAÁm-[kqdkívnf;aumif;? wpf&mwrf;atmufwdkYü rjzpf/ yapöuAk'¨gonfvnf; xdfkYtwl omjzpf (2) a0gomeH emyZÆdwAÁH-[kqdkívnf;aumif;? \/ (3) tZÆOaygoaxm-[kqdkívnf;aumif; OykofjyKMuukef\/ ud k , f w k d i f o d a omf j im;jyef a jymr&Ek d i f OykofjyKMuaomtcg *E¨rm'eawmifrÍÆLouopfyif&if;& Ak'j¨ rwfpmG yGiafh wmfrcl sed üf yapöuAk'g¨ onf ryGirfh jzpf/ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG wemr@yf ü pnf;a0;íOykofjyKMuukef\/ bk&m;onf ud, k af wmfwikd f opömav;yg;udk odjrifEidk af wmfr\ l / olwpfyg; w&m;ra[mwwf a omf v nf ; qk a y;wwf y H k wdt Yk m;vnf; odapEkid \ f / yapöuAk'g¨ onf rdru d , kd w f ikd o f m opömav;yg; yapöuAk'¨gwdkYonf w&m;ra[mwwfMuacs/ atmufwGif udkod\/ olwpfyg;udk rodapEkdif/ tw¬&oudkomod\/ "r®&oudk rod/ azmf j yxm;aom qkay;*gxmESpfyk'fteufwpfyk'fudk &Gwfqdkí qkay; avmukwå&mw&m;udk cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? r*¾? zvponfjzihf awmf r l w wf M u\/ ynwfwifí ra[mpGrf;Ekdif/ pGHUtaomolonf rdrd\ tdyfrufudk rajym yapö u Ak ' ¨ g qk a y;*gxm EkdifouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? awmom;onf? NrdKUay:u tpm;taomufudk 1/ £pd ä w H ywd å w H wk , SH? cdyÜar0 ordpäwk/ pm;aomufí rnfodkYac:a0:onf? rnfokdY t&om&Sdonf[k jyefrajym oaAÁyla&EÅK? ouFyÜg? paE´m? yEé&aom ,xm/ / EkdifouJhodkYvnf;aumif;jzpf\/ 2/ £pdäwH ywdåwH wk,SH? cdyÜar0 ordpäwk/ tvH k ; pH k a om wef c d k ; £'d ¨ y g'f & Mujcif ; oaAÁ yla&EÅKouFyÜg? rPdaZmw&aom ,xm/ / yapöuAk'¨gwdkYonf tvHk;pHkaom wefcdk;£'d¨yg'f ormywf (ty? |? y-159) y#dordÇ'gpaom *kPftxl;udkrl&&Sday\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;atmuf t&d,m cifarmifrdk;(awmifBuD;) om0uwdkY\ txuf? *kPftm;jzihfwnf&Sdav\/ ay;rnfwdkYudkvnf; odae\/ tdyfaysmfaeolonf xdkaumif;raumif;ponfrsm; tm;vHk;wdkY udk vHk;0rod? rdrdtouftEÅ&m,fjyKrnfudkvnf;rod/ tusKd;ay;rnfudk vnf; rodjzpfae\/ tm;vH;k arhaeolomjzpf\/ tdyaf ysmo f o l nf arhaq; xdk;ay;xm;ol yrmomjzpf\/ arhaq;ay;ícGJpdwfcH&aomvlemonf q&m0efrsm;u cE¨m udk,fBuD;udk cGJpdwfjzwfawmuf aeapumrl emusif&rSef; rodygacs/ yuwd owd&aeolqdkvQif xdkuJhodkY cHEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ arhae&mrS rod &mjzpfawmhonf/ arhavsmhaeolonf ukodkvf? tukodkvf rodwwf/ ukokdvf tukokdvf rodolonf trSm;udkom rsm;aomtm;jzihf jzpfwwf\/ rarhravsmah eolonf ukov kd ?f tukov dk o f í d ukov kd af umif; rIudk a&G;cs,fí jyKwwf\/ Ä arhaeolonf rdkufolomjzpf\/ Ä rarholonf ynm&Sdjzpf\/ Ä rkdufolonf aumif;rIukodkvfwdkYü arhjcif;udkBudK;pm;\/ Ä ynm&Sdonf aumif;rIukokdvfwdkYü rarhjcif;udk BudK;pm;\/

Ä rkdufolonf tar (taz)udkvnf; arhaewwf\/ Ä tarudk (tazudk)arhaeorQ tarrSef; (tazrSef;)rodolom wnf;/ Ä tar (taz) rSef;rodolonf tar(taz)udk jypfrSm;rnfom jzpf \ / Ä tar (taz)udk jypfrSm;olonf tarhorm;\ tarhtdrf tyg,fodkY usrnfjzpf\/ arhavsmah eol tarhom;rsm;onf aus;Zl;&Sif rdbrsm;udk tar tazrSef; rodMuavojzihf pdwfjzihf jypfrSm;usL;vGef\/ EIwfjzihf jypfrSm; usL;vGef\/ udk,fjzihfjypfrSm;usL;vGef\/ þodkY um,uH 0pDuH raemuH wdkYjzihf ypfrSm;usL;vGefrdum ypöKyÜefwrvGefb0rsm;0,f 'ku©rsKd;pHk awGUBuHK cHpm;&acsrnfjzpfonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawmfr

aAm"dyu©, d

THE BODHIPAKKH OR THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORS L by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag

TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo T (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) (4) yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK;ç 3 rsdK;wdkY\tvm; 0d o mcg temxyd P f w d k Y v d k av;rsKd ;aomyk*Kd¾ vw f w Ykd iG f O*¢g#dwnLyk*Kd¾ vrf sKd ;ç 0dyÍöw d nLyk*Kd¾ vf rsKd ;wdo Yk nf 0domcgç temxydPw f u Ykd o hJ Ykd w&m;a'oemudk Mum;emumrQ jzihyf if aomwmywård *fÓPf ponfukd &Edik Mf uuke\ f / oDv0do'k çd¨ pdwå 0do'k d¨ tp&Sad om y#dywfusipfh Ofrsm;udk a&S;tzdüYk usiMfh uonf r&Su d ek Nf y/D cyfodrf;aom ewfjA[®mwdkY uRwfMu&müvnf; þenf;wlodMuavNyD/ xdkYaMumihf aomwmywådr*f\ a&S;tzdkYü usrf;*efwdkYwGif ,ck&SdMuaom oDv0dok'¨dç pdwå0dok'¨d tp&Sdaom y#dywfusihfpOfrsm;onfum; ae,s yk*¾dKvfç y'y&ryk*¾dKvfESpfrsdK;wdkY\tusdK;iSm xm;awmfrltyfaom y#dywf usihfpOfjzpfonf[lí rSwftyf\/ txufr*fç txufzdkvfwdkY\ a&S;ürlum; yk*¾dKvfoHk;rsdK;ESihfyif qdik \ f / &[EÅmjzpfNy;D aom umvüvnf; xdt k usiw fh EYkd iS jfh ynhpf NkH y;D jzpfMu í 'd | "r® okc0d[m&(,ck r suf j rif b 0ü csrf ; ompG m aejcif ; )udpöü xdkYtusihf wdkYudk toHk;csMuukef\/ y#dyrÇd'g ywå(y#dordÇ'gÓPfokdY a&mufaomyk*d¾Kvf) &[EÅmacwf tESpf wpfaxmifrS aemufumvü þomoemawmfonf ae,syk*¾dKvfç y'y&ryk*¾dKvf ESpfrsdK;wdkY\ acwf or,omjzpf\/ ,cktcg ü omoemawmfwGif;rSm xdkyk*¾dKvfESpfrsdK;om &SdMuawmhonf/ xdkyk*¾dKvf ESpfrsdK;wdkYwGifae,syk * ¾ d K vf ae,syk*¾dKvfonf owdy|mefç or®yÜ"mef paom aAm"dyu©d, w&m;wdkYudk aumif;pGmusihfEdkifygvQif ,ckb0üyif aomwmyefjzpf\/ tusihfayhgavsmhcJhvQif aemufb0ü ewfjynfodkYa&mufrS aomwmyef

(Continue from last week) Necessary conditions of Practice for Neyya and Padaparama Of the four classes of individuals mentioned, the Ugghat.itaññu and the Vipañcitaññu- classes can attain the Sotapatti-magga (Path of a Stream-winner) and the other higher stages of wisdom__like Visa-kha- and Ana-thapin.d.ika through the mere hearing of a discourse. It is not necessary for such individuals to practise the Dhamma according to the stages of practice such as s1la-visuddhi (Purification of virture, citta-visuddhi (Purification of Consciousness) and so on. Be it remembered that this is also the case when devas and brahma-s attain release from worldly ills.

Hence, it should be noted that the courses of practice, such as s1la-visuddhi and citta visuddhi, laid down in the Pa-l.i Canon, are only for the Neyya and Padaparama classes of individuals before their attainment of the Sota-patti-magga. These courses of practice are also for the first three classes of individuals prior to the achievement of the higher stages of the Paths and the Fruits. In the period after the attainment of Arahatshipa also, these courses of practice are used for the purpose of dit.t.hadhamma-sukhaviha-ra (dwelling at ease in this present existence), since Arahats have already gone through them.

After the passing of the first thousand years (of the present Buddha Sa-sana), which constituted the times of the Pat. isambhidha-patta Arahat (Arahat possessing Analytical Knowledge), the period of the present Buddha Sa-sana comprises the times of the Neyya and Padaparama classes of individuals alone, At the present day, only these two classes of individuals remain.

On These Two Classes of Individuals Neyya-puggala Of these two classes of individuals, an individual of the Neyya class can become a Sota-panna in this present life, if he faithfully practises the bodhipakkhiya-dhamma comprising satipat.t.ha-na (Four Applications of Mindfulness), sammappadha-na

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

yu©, d 'DyeD

AKKHIYA DIPANI OR RS LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENT by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

Nyo Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. jzpfEikd \ f / owdy|mef ponfEiS u hf if;í aovGecf v hJ Qif þomoemawmf (Right Exertion), etc. If he is lax in his practice, he can become a Sota-panna only in his next existence after being reborn in the

rSm rxif&mS ;&Ny/D aemufb&k m; omoemESifh awGUBuKH cyhJ gvQif xdo k moem deva planes. If he dies while still aloof from these (bodhipakkhiya) ü uRwfEdkif&m\/ Dhammas, such as satipat.t.ha-na, etc., he will become a total loss so far as the present Buddha Sa-sana is concerned, but he can y'y&ryk * ¾ d K vf still attain release from worldly ills if he encounters the Sasana of

y&y&ryk*¾dKvfonf xdkw&m;wdkYudk aumif;pGmusihfEdkifygvQif the next Buddha. þomoemüyifvQif aemufb0ewfjynfrmS uRwEf ikd \ f / rusiEfh ikd yf gvQif Padaparama-puggala extant An individual of the Padaparama class can attain reae,syk*¾dKvf enf;vrf;twdkif; oGm;vwåHU/ lease within the present Buddha Sa-sana after rebirth in the deva t&d , macwf & S d a eyH k planes in his next existence, if he can faithfully practise these omoemig;axmifonf t&d,macwfcsn;f omwnf;/ yd#uwf (bodhipakkhiya) Dhammas in his present existence.

The Age of Ariyas (Noble Ones) still

oHk;yHk &SdaeorQonf t&d,macwf &Sdonfcsnf;rSwf? y'y&ryk*¾dKvfrsdK;wdkY The five thousand years of the present Buddha Sa-sana onfum; ,ckb0 bk&m;omoemawmfwGif;ü BuHKBudKufqJtcgrSmonf constitue, all of theme, the Age of Ariyas. This Age of Ariyas will um; ,ckb0 bk&m;omoemawmfwiG ;f ü BuKH BuKd uq f t J cgrSm 0goembm continue to exist so long as the Tipit.akas remain in the world.

The Padaparama class of individuals have to utilise the oppor*D yg&rDorÇm&(yg&rDtaqmuftOD)wdkYudk tpGrf;&SdorQ t&trd qnf;yl; tunity afforded by the encountering of the present Buddha SaMu&ukef\/ oDvrsdK;udkvnf; qnf;yl;Mu&ukef\/ orm"drsdK;udkvnf; sana to accumulate as much of the nuclei or seeds of Pa-rami as they can within this lifetime. They have to accumulate the seeds qnf;yl;Mu&ukef\/ ynmrsdK;udkvnf; qnf;yl;Mu&ukef\/ of s1la (Morality). They have to accumulate the seeds of samaxdkoHk;yg;wdkYwGifdhi (Concentration). They have to accumulate the seeds of pañña1/ oDvrsdK;onfum; vlwdkYü ig;yg;oDvç tmZD0 |ru &Spfyg; (Wisdom).

S1la

oDvç t|*F Oaygox oDvç 'o*Fov D wdaYk ywnf;/ &[ef;wdüYk &[ef;wdYk Of these three kinds of accumulations, s1la (Morality), sama-dhi (Concentration), pañña- (Wisdom), the seeds of si la \ oDvwdkYaywnf;/ mean: Pañca S1la, Aji-vatthamaka Uposatha S1la. Dasanga s1la.

2/ orm"drsdK;qdkonfum;- uodkPf;q,fyg;paom ur®|mef; in respect of ordinary laymen and women, and the Bhikkhu S1la 40- wdkYwGif wckckaom ur®|mef;ü y&dur®orm"d(pD;jzef;í tp&aom in respect of the bhikkhus. orm"d ) ud k jzpf y G m ;atmif tm;xk w f r I ç xd k x uf wwf E d k i f y grl Samadhi The seeds of sama-dhi mean the efforts to achieve Oypm&orm"d(psmef? r*f? zkv d \ f teD;ü jzpfaomorm"d)udk jzpfymG ;atmif parikamma-sama-dhi (Preparatory Concentration) through one tm;xkwfrIç xdkxufwwfEdkifygrl tyÜemorm"d(psmef? r*f? zkdvfESifh or other of the forty objects of meditation, such as the ten kasinas (meditation devices) or if further efforts can be evoked, the ef-

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

,SOfaomorm"d)udk jzpfyGm;atmif tm;xkwf rIonf orm"drsdK;rnf\/ 3/ ynmrsdK;qdkonfum;- ½kyfç emrfç cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç opömç y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fwüYkd a0zefcjJG crf; wwfprG ;f vdrrf mrIç tedpçö 'kuç© tewå ½IjrifrIonf ynmrsdK;rnf\/ tvG e f t m;cJ o ih f y H k xdkr*fÓPfç zdkvfÓPfwdkY\ rlvADZorÇm&[k qdktyfaom rsdK; 3-rsdK;wdkYwGif oDvç orm"dwdkYonfum; omoemr&Sdaom oknurÇmwdkYü vnf ; tpOf x m0& urÇ m h w ef q muJ h o d k Y j zpf í tNrJ & S d a eMuuk e f \ / b,ftcgrqdk ,lvdkvQif &Edkifukef\/ ½kyfç emrfç cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç opömç y#dorkyÜg'fvQif t&if;&Sdaom ynmrsdK;onfum; bk&m;yGifh&m omoemawmfESihf awGUBuHKqJtcgom &Edkif\/ omoemyürlum; okn urÇm toacsFyif Mumaomfvnf; xdkynm pum;rsdK;udk Mum;½HkrQ tcGifh r&SdNyD/ xdkYaMumifh ,cktcg omoemawmfwGif;ü BuHKBudKufMuukefaom olwo Ykd nf aemufaemufb0ç aemufaemufb&k m;omoemrSm uRwv f w G f zdkY r*fÓPfç zdkvfÓPf\ orÇm&rsdK;taerQudk t&ç trd &nfoefMuukef onf&adS omf oDvç orm"drsKd ; 2- yg;wdx Yk uf twd'v k b ’ awGUBuKH cv J aS om y&rw¬ynmrsdK;udk txl;tcRef tvGeftm;cJí ,lMuukef\/ "mwf B uD ; av;yg; rQ-wwf v Qif ,kwfpGmhtqHk; yx0Dç tmaygç awaZmç 0ga,m[laom "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk rdrdoEÅmefü av;pdwfav;yHk cGJjcrf;í jrifwwf ½Iwwf ½Hrk Qyif tm;xkwMf uuke&f m\/ wyg;aom tbd"r®mudk rwwfaomfvnf; "mwfBuD;av;yg;rQudk aumif;pGmwwfvQifyif twd'kv’b ynmrsdK;aph aumif;aumif;BuD;&awmhonf/ bk&m;omoemü BuHBudKufcJvS wb0 ajympavmufawmhonf/ 0d Z Æ m ES i h f p&P oDvç orm"donf p&PrsdK;wnf;/ ynmonf 0dZÆmrsdK;wnf;/ 0dZmÆ ç p&P ESprf sKd ;jzpf\/ 0dZmÆ onf vlowå0gwdüYk rsupf Ed iS w fh \ l / p&P onf ajcvufESihfwl\/ 0dZÆmonf iSufwdkYü rsufpdESihfwl\/ p&Ponf tawmifESihfwl\/ oDvç orm"dESihfjynfhpHkí 0dZÆmÓPfcsdKUwJhaomolwdkY onf ajcvuft*FgjynhfpHkí rsufpdESpfbuf csdKUwJhaomolESihf wlukef\/ 0dZmÆ ÓPfEiS jfh ynhpf í kH p&Pw&m; tm;enf;vSaomolwo Ykd nf rsupf t d *Fg jynhfpHkí ajct*Fgç vuft*FgcsdKUwJhaomolESihfwlukef\/ 0dZÆmç p&P 2yg;ESihf jynhfpHkaomolwdkYonf ajct*Fgç vuft*Fgç rsufpdt*FgtvHk;pHkESihf jynhfpHkaom vlaumif;olaumif;yuwdESihfwlukef\/ 0dZÆmç p&P 2-yg; rS csdKUwJhaomolwdkYonf ajct*Fgç vuft*Fgç rsufpdt*Fg tukefcsdKUwJhí touf&Sdonf[lí rajympavmufaomolESihfwlukef\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

forts to achieve upaca-ra-sama-dhi (Access Concentration) or if still further efforts can be evoked, the efforts to achieve appana-sama-dhi (Attainment Concentration.)

PaññaThe seeds of pañña- mean the cultivation of the ability to analyse the characteristics and qualities of ru-pa (Material Phenomena), nama- (Mental Phenomena), khandha- (Consituent groups of existence), ayatana (Bases), dha-tu(Elements), sacca (Truths) and the pat.iccasamuppa-da (Dependent Origination); and the cultivation of insight into the three characteristics of existence (lakkhan.a)__namely, anicca (Impermanence), dukkha (Sufferings) and anatta (Impersonality).

Of the three kinds of seeds of magga-n-a-n.a and phalanana. sila and samadhi are life ornaments that permanently adorn the world, and exist even in the suñña world-cycles that is, worldcycles where no Buddha arise. The seeds of si-la and sama-dhi can be obtained at will at any time. But the seeds of pañña, which are related to ru-pa, na-ma, khandha-, a-yatana, dha-tu, sacca, and pat.iccasamuppa-da can be obtained only when one encounters a Buddha Sa-sana-. Outside of a Buddha Sa-sana-, one does not get the opportunity of even hearing the mere mention of words associated with pañña-, though an infinite number of "suñña" worldcycles may elapse, Hence, those persons of the presents day who are fortunate enough to be born into this world while a Buddha Sa-sana- flourishes, if they intend to accumulate the seeds of ma-gga-ña-n.a and phala-ña-n.a for the purpose of securing release from worldly ills in a future existene within a furture Buddha Sa-sana-, should pay special attention to the knowledge of the paramattha (ultimate realities), which is extremely difficult for one to come across, more than they attempt the accumulation of the seeds of si-la and sama-dhi. In the least, they should attempt to obtain an insight into how the Four Great Primaries (mahabhuta)__pathavi, a-po, tejo and va-yo are constituted in one's body. If they acquire a good insight into the four great elements, they obtain a sound collection of the seeds of paññawhich are most difficult to acquire, and this is so even though they may not acquire any knowledge of the other portions of the Abhidhamma. It can then be said that the difficult attainment of rebirth within a Buddha Sa-sana- has been made worthwhile.

Vijja- (Knowledge) and Carana (Conduct) S1-la and sama-dhi constitute Carana, while paññaconstitues Vijja-. Thus are vijja--carana (Knowledge and Conduct) constituted. Vijja- resembles the eyes of a human being, while carana resembles the limbs, Vijja- is like eyes in birds, while carana is like wings. A person who is endowed with Morality and Concentration, but lacks Wisdom, is like one who possesses complete and whole limgs but is blind of both eyes. A person who is endowed with vijja- (Knowledge), but lacks carana (Conduct) is like one who has good eyesight but is defective in his limbs. A person who is endowed with both vijja- and carana is like a normal whole person possessing both good eyesight and healthy limbs. A person who lacks both vijja- and carana is like one defective in eyes and limbs, and is not one worthy of being called a living being.

(To be continue)

SPECIAL COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf? 'kwd,yPÖmou? a,m"mZD00*f? yXrapawm0drkwåd zvokwfwGif azmfjyygonf/ tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf a0omvDjynf r[m 0keaf wm jymom'faqmif aygufaom ausmif;Bu;D ü? oDwif;oH;k aeawmfrpl Of? aemufyg&[ef;wdt Yk m; þvGwaf jrmufpw d u f kd zGihfqdka[m>rufawmfrlaom apawm0drkwådzvokwfudk a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ 0d r k w å d - 0d a rmu© " r® oHo&m0J MoCxJrS vGwaf jrmufjcif;/ t&[wåzv kd /f edAmÁ efwYkd udk 0drkwåd 0darmu©"r®[lí ac:qdkygonf/ Emancipation from the endless round of rebirths. Vimutti Also Vimokkha.

xdkvGwfajrmufjcif;\ tusdK;tmedoifjzpfaom edAÁmef\t&omudk 0drw k &då o Essence of Nibba-na [k zGiq fh akd c:a0:ygonf/ apawm0d r k w å d z vok w f v mw&m;ig;yg; vGwfajrmufaompdwf\tusdK;tmedoifudkjzpfapEdkifaom w&m;ig;rsKd ;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf tus,zf iG q hf akd [mMum;awmfryl gonf/ tb,fw&m;ig;rsdK;wdkYenf;[lrl- &[ef;wdYk þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf ud, k cf E¨mü rwihw f ,f [k ½Ivsufae\/ - rsKd tyfaomtpmtm[m&ü pufqyk &f &HG mS zG,[ f k trSw&f adS e\/ - avmutm;vHk;ü arGUavsmfzG,fr&Sd[k trSwf&Sdvsufae\/ - tvHk;pHkaom ocFg&wdkYü t&SdrNrJ tNrJr&Sd[k ½Iavh&Sd\/ - aojcif;üjzpfaom trSwf ]]r&Ponm}} onf xdk&[ef;\ twGif;oEÅmefü aumif;pGmwnf\/ &[ef;wdkY þw&m;ig;rsdK;wdkYudk yGm;rsm;tyf? Budrfzefrsm;pGm jyKtyfukefonf&Sdaomf vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) pdwf[laom tusdK;vnf;&Sdukef\/ vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) pdwf[laom tmedoifvnf; &Su d ek \ f / vGwaf jrmufaom (t&[wåzv kd )f ynm[laom tusdK;vnf;&Sdukef\/ vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) ynm[laom tmedoifvnf; &Sdukef\/ 0#f q if ; &J E S i h f r pyf , S O f a om jrwf a omol &[ef ; wd k Y ? &[ef ; onf tMuif t cgü vG w f a jrmuf a om (t&[wåzdkvf) pdwfvnf; &Sd\/ vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) ynm vnf; &Sd\/ &[ef;wdkY? xdktcg\ü þ&[ef;udk ]]wHcg;usnf;udk y,fcs NyD;ol}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]usHK;udk zsufqD;NyD;ol}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]wHcg;wdkifudk EkwfNyD;ol}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]wHcg;&Gufudk zGihfNyD;ol}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]tvHudk csNyD;aom? 0efudkcsNyD;aom? 0#fqif;&J ESifh rpyf,SOfaomjrwfaomol}} [líqdktyf\/ tb,f o d k Y v Qif wH c g;usnf ; ud k y ,f c sNyD ; ol j zpf o enf ; &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]wHcg;usnf;udk y,fcs NyD;ol}} jzpf&oenf;/ &[ef;wdkY þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf rodrI ]]t0dZÆm}}}}udk y,fNyD;jzpf\/ tjrpfudkjzwfNyD;jzpf\/ EkwfNyD;jzpfaom xef;yif&muJhodkY jyKNyD;jzpf\/ topfrjzpfjcif;udk jyKNyD;jzpf\/ aemiftcgü jzpfjcif;oabm r&SdawmhNyD/ &[ef;wdkY þodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]wHcg;usnf;udk y,fcsNyD; ol}} jzpf\/

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tb,f o d k Y v Qif usH K ;ud k zsuf q D ; NyD ; ol j zpf o enf ; &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]usHK;ukd zsufqD;NyD;ol}} jzpfoenf;/ &[ef;wdkY þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf wpfzefb0opfudk jzpfapwwfaom Zmwd o H o &m (yk n mbd o cF g &) udky,fNyD;jzpf\/ tjrpfudkjzwfNyD;jzpf\/ EkwfNyD;aom xef;yif&muJhodkY jyKNyD;jzpf\/ topf rjzpfjcif;udk jyKNyD;jzpf\/ aemiftcgü jzpfjcif;oabmr&SdawmhNyD/ f ;D Ny;D ol}}}jzpf\/ &[ef;wdYk þodv Yk Qif &[ef;onf ]]usKH ;udk zsuq tb,f o d k Y v Qif wH c g;wd k i f u d k Ek w f N yD ; ol j zpf o enf ; &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]wHcgif;wdkifudk EkwfNyD; ol}} jzpf&oenf;/ &[ef;wdYk þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf wyfrufjcif; ]]wPSm}} udk y,fNyD;jzpf\/ tjrpfudkjzwfNyD;jzpf\/ EkwfNyD;aom xef;yif&muJhodkY jyKNyD;jzpf\/ topfrjzpfjcif;udk jyKNyD;jzpf\/ aemiftcgü jzpfjcif;oabm r&SdawmhNyD/ &[ef;wdkY þodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]wHcg;wkdifudk EkwfNyD;ol}} jzpf \ / tb,f o d k Y v Qif wH c g;&G u f r &S d o l j zpf o enf ; &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]wHcg;&Guf r&Sdol}} jzpfoenf;/ &[ef ; wd k Y þomoemawmf ü &[ef ; onf ]]atmuf y d k i f ; oHa,mZOfig;rsdK;}} wdkYudk y,fNyD;jzpf\/ tjrpfudkjzwfNyD;jzpf\/ EkwfNyD; aom xef;yif&muJhodkYjyKNyD;jzpf\/ topfrjzpfjcif;udkjyKNyD;jzpf\/ aemif tcgü jzpfjcif;oabmr&SdawmhNyD/ &[ef;wdkY þodkYvQif &[ef;onf ]]wHcg;&Gufr&Sdol}} jzpf\/ tb,f o d k Y v Qif 0#f q if ; &J E S i h f r pyf , S O f a omjrwf a omol j zpf o enf ; &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif &[ef;onf tvHudkcsNyD;aom 0efudk csNyD;aom ]]0efqif;&JESihfrpyf,SOfaomjrwfaomol}} jzpfoenf;/ &[ef ; wd k Y þomoemawmf ü &[ef ; onf igwum;[k axmifvTm;jcif; ]]to®drme}} udk y,fNyD;jzpf\/ tjrpfudkjzwfNyD;jzpf\/ EkwfNyD;aom xef;yif&muJhodkY jyKNyD;jzpf\/ topfrjzpfjcif;udkjyKNyD;jzpf\/ aemiftcgüjzpfjcif;oabmr&SdawmhNyD/ &[ef;wdkY þodkYvQif &[ef;onf tvHudkcsNyD;aom 0efukdcsNyD; aom ]]0#fqif;&JEiS hf rpyf,OS af omjrwfaomol}} jzpf\ [k oH;k avmu xGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkYtm; rdefYqdka[mMum;awmf rlavonf/ 'k w d , apawm0d r k w å d z vok w f a wmf tNrJr&Sd[laom trSwf ]]tedpöonm}} tNrJr&Sdjcif;ü qif;&J\[laom trSwf ]]'ku©onm}} qif;&Jjcif;ü tvkdodkYrvkduf[laomtrSwf ]]tewåonm}} y,fpGefYtyf\[laomtrSwf ]]y[meonm}} pGJrufjcif;uif;\[laomtrSwf ]]0d&m*onm}} &[ef;wdYk þw&m;ig;rsKd ;wdu Yk kd yGm;rsm;tyf Burd zf efrsm;pGmjyKtyf ukefonf&Sdaomf? vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) pdwf[laom tusdK; vnf;&Sdukef\/ vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) pdwf[laom tmedoif vnf; &Sdukef\/ vGwfajrmufaom (t&[wåzdkvf) ynm[laom tusdK; vnf; &Su d ek \ f / vGwaf jrmufaom (t&[wåzv kd )f ynm[laom tmedoif vnf; &Sdukef\/ pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

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þodkY..... oabmcsif;rwlaom ½kyfESihfemrfwdkY c&D;wloGm;um tvkyfwl wpfckudk pyfzufvkyfaeMuygonfudk jrif&avaomtcg... wu,fht&Sd xdodoabmw&m;vnf; ay:? ½dk;pGJpum; ig[lonfh ynwftajymw&m;udkvnf; uG,fy& acsawmh\/ rif;orD; rif;om;ESpfyg;oGm;udkMunhfvsufu udkt0Smrt0Sm uG,faysmuf? ¤if;wdkY vIyf&Sm;[efodkYom pdwfa&mufaeawmhonfhyrm ynwfudk Munhfvsufu ynwfurxif y&rwfudkom jrifvmawmh\/ þonfuykd if ynwfuykd ,fonf? jrK§ yo f nf? ausmyf pfonf[í l ajymprSwf jyKMu\/ igpGJynwf rxifvQif igpGJ'd|d uif;pifNyD/ igpJG'd|duif;pifvQif igwaumaumrI 'kp½kduf rjyKawmhNyD/ tvkyfwpfckjzpfaom tm½HkcHpm;rIudk ½kyfESihfemrfonf uHoHk;pHk tukefwdkufvsufu igudk EdIuf,lMu&mü.... cdkif;olu cdkif;í vkyfolu vkyfay;? vkyfolu vkyfay;í tqdk;taumif; prf;oyfay;olu ay;? þodkY pyfwlpyfzuf usL;vGefaejcif;udk udk,fydkifÓPfjzihf wwftyfod todrSefaeolwpfOD;ü igpGJ'd|d\ vGJrSm;rIudk azmfxkwfEkdifNyDjzpf\/ igYudkom tm;udk;yg? t&m&m iguom OD;aqmifaeygonf/ todtjrif ,Gif;rSm;rI\ þodkYaom a<u;aMumfoHrsm;onf xdk igpGJ'd|d\ vGJrSm;rIudk azmfxkwfEkdifolü wdwfqdwfaeacsNyD/ igjrif\ igMum;\/ pum;t&mum; ajymao;\/ odkYaomf igpGJu rygawmhNyD/ igpGJBuD;&mrS vGefusL;rdaom tyg,fBudKufuHrsm; jrKyfpjyKvmNyD/ þrQjzihf r&yfem;avvihf? þae&monf trIazmfxkwf&ef w&m;pGJumprQom/ tay;t,l j zih f o G m ; vif r ,m; igr&Sd od½Hkav;rQjzihf igpGJ 'd|d ry,fEkdifao;/ olr&Sd od½Hkav;rQjzihf olYtNid'd|d ry,fEkdifao;/ igpGJ'd|d olYtNid ry,fEkdifao;orQvnf; igpGJurÇmjzpfaom i&J jynfwd&pämefjynf Nydwåm tol&um,fwdkYrS rvGwfajrmufEkdifao;/ þÓPf t qif h o nf ig[l a om ol [ l a om rd p ä m 'd | d \ a&aomufjrpfudk &dyfrd½HkrQom &Sdao;\/ olYaMumihf olYaMumihf[lí vufnd§K;xdk;jyEkdif½Hkom &Sdao;\/

usLyifckwf usLikwfrusefcJhapESihf? tikwfutwufayguf ckwfoavmufxufyif rsm;vmvGef; wwfí xdkigpGJurÇmrS uif;a0;vdkvQif igpGJtwå'd|dudk vufpjywf jzwfawmufcsypfEkdif&rnf/ twå'd|d vufpjzwfcsvdkvQif.... cE¨mt&Sd xdodwdkYudkom qwdk;wdk;í ppfar;Mu&monf/ oifonf igr&Sd xdodrQom[k vufcHygtHh? odkYqdkaomf.... udpöwpfckwpfck ay:aygufvmvQif rnfol rnfolawGu rnfodkYrnfodkY vufcHum jyKvkyfay;ae Muygoenf;/ þar;cGef; ar;p&m ay:vmjyef\/ t&yfxJ &GmxJwdkY0,f ar;avhar;x&Sdaom ar;cGef;yifjzpf\/ xdkar;cGef;.... ar;oluvnf; EIwfjzihfomar;? ajzoluvnf; EIwfjzihfom ajzaeacsu? ajzoavmufvQif rajyawmhacs/ ar;olonf udk,fhbuft&Sd udk,fhowdjzihf ar;ar;aeaomf.. ajzolvnf; udk,fhbuft&Sd udk,fhtodjzihf ajzajzaeaomf ar;oavmuf ajz? ajzoavmufvnf; ajyajyvmaprnfom/ t&Sdppfvsufu todwpfckckay:vmvQifyif tar;rqHk;rD tajzonfum; tvdkvdkay:aeawmhonfom/ þonfyif ÓPfpOf wufonf[k qdk½dk;jyKMu\/ pifppf... ÓPfpOfwuf[laom pum;onf xdod½kyfemrfESpfckwdkY\ taMumif;csif;wwdkYudk wdk;íwdk;í ododaejcif;rQomwnf;/ ½IuGufwGif;0,f... ½kyfESihfemrfwkdY xdwjcm; odwpfoG,ftjzpfjzihf twlwGJí wuGJpD usihfaeMuygonfudk owdaphpyf txyfxyfjzihf aphpyftm;wGif pl;pdkuftm;xnhfí ½IMunhfaepOf ½SL½dIufvkdpdwfaMumifh ½SL½dIufrI½kyfpOf jzpfay:jcif;/ ½SL½du I rf ½I yk pf Of jzpfay:vmjcif;aMumihf ½SL½du I rf o I abmudk odod vmjcif;? þum; emrfa&SU? ½kyfaemuf tjyeftvSefwpfwGJ/ wpfzefvnf; ½kyf'ku©a&mufojzihf emrfu pDrHay;&jcif;? emrfpDrHcsuftwdkif; ½kyfu vdkufvHjyKusihfay;jcif;? þum; ½kyfa&SUemrfaemuf tjyeftvSef wpfwGJ/ þodkYvQif ½kyfESihfemrf tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKvsufu a&SUodkY

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ a&SUodkY c&D;qufaeMu&\/ rdcifEdkYwdkufí uav;EdkYpdkY? wpfzef uav; idkí rdcifEdkYwdkuf&onfhyrm&Sd\/ ½kyfwjcm;? emrfoufouftvkyfvkyfaeyHkrSonf þodkY xdkwjcm;owfowfpDwdkY\ tjyeftvSeftay;t,lvkyf Muum tm½HkcHpm;rI jyKusihfaeMuyHkudkvnf;aumif;? wpfpwpfppDaom ½kyfemrfjzpfpOfrsm;udk tqufrjywf oGm;ap&ef qufpyfay;vsufu b0 wpfck twlwnfaxmifaeMuyHu k v kd nf;aumif;? ud, k yf ikd o f jd zihf wnfw h nfh odvmapolü.. owå0gwdkY\ b0udk zefqif;&Sifu jyKvkyfay;xm;onf/ owå0gwdkYudk u,fwif&Sifu zefqif;ay;aeonf/ xdk t,lwvGJ tjzpfwjcm; 0g'w&m;rsm; ruyf0HhomNyD/ udk,fhuHay: yHkvsufu ,Hkcsufom; aumif;aeolrsm;aomfrS vnf;.... ,cifb0uvnf;...onfigyJ/ ,ckb0vnf;...onfigyJ/ aemufaemifb0rsm;vnf;...onfigyJ/ þodkYaom avSeH"m;xpft,ltqrsm; uif;y&acsNyD/ þÓPftqihfwGif,HkrSm;jcif; wpfq,hfajcmufcsuf tuGuf ysuf&\/ usrf;xGufpum;u ,HkrSm;rIudk y,fazsmufEkdifjcif;aMumihf ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨d ½kyfESihfESpfyg;wdkY\ aMumif;usKd;qufjzihf tjyeftvSef aus;Zl ; jyKum c&D ; oG m ;aeMuygonf u d k jrif o d v m&jcif ; aMumih f ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPfonf þodkYqdk\/ rjywf q d k v nf ; trS m ;? jywf q d k v nf ; trS m ;yif a&SUodkYxGufvsuf txufudk vSrf;vdk&mü....

0g'a&;&m t,ltq ,HMk unfcsurf sm;onf tvGet f a&;yg\/ c&D;oGm;&mü ta&SUudk taemufxifoGm;yHkrsKd; rjzpfapoihf? wpfzef taemufukd ta&SUrSwv f suu f wmxGuyf rkH sK;d vnf; rjzpfapoih/f rdrd\ jzpfpOfac: b0udk oHk;oyf&mwdkif;0,f.... u/ oHo&mtqufquf b0tqufquf twåac: þiguyif qufum qufum jzpfaeonf/ þodkY,lqu oów'd|drS rvGwfNyD/ ½kyfemrf\ b0jzpfpOfonf onfae&mrSmyif ay:í onfae &mrSmyif csKyfaysmufusef&pfcJhygonfudk tvsOf;rodaom 0g'wnf;/ c/ onfjzpfqJb0onf ,ckESihfvnf; rqdkif? aemufaemifESihf vnf;rywfouf? þod, Yk q l u Oapä''d|rd S rvGwNf y/D b0jywfaomfvnf; tpGJrjywfao;olü xdktpGJjzihfaMumif;usKd;qufrsm;rSm wpfoDwpfwef; BuD; aus;Zl;jyKaeygonfudk tvsif;rodaom 0g'wnf;/ xdkwGif.... u/ wów'd|d tpGJ&Sifonfum;... twå[laom toufvdyfjym0dnmOfaumifav;onf todkuf ajymif;iSufyrm vlaoaomfrS olraoNyD/ vlaomfvnf;aumif;? ewfaomfvnf;aumif;? wd&pämefaomf vnf;aumif; aooGm;aomf xd0k n d mOfav;um; wpfzufb0odYk ul;ajymif; oGm;awmhNyD/ þum; twå0g'\ oówpGJwnf;/ þ0g'udk ao&rSmaMumuforl sm;ESifh ukov kd af umif;rI tjyKrsm; aom b0aumif; arQmfvifholwdkY ESpfoufMuayvdrhfrnf/ wu,fhobm0jzpfpOfonfum;.... ½kyfESihf emrfwdkYonfom -wpfcku xazmufjyef? wpfckuxodNyD; NydKifwlcsKyfaysmuf?

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-wpfcku xtoday; wpfckuaemufuvdkufod NyD; NydKifwl ysufus? þenf;jzihf a&SUa&SUwdkYtcsKyf aemufaemufwdkY tpm;xdk; 0ifae ygonf/ þenf;jzifhyif tpGJwpfcktysuf tpGJwpfcku aemufquf0if aeMuygonf/ tu,fwdwd.... b0rjywf oów0g' t&qdkaomf vlYb0rS ul;oGm;aom acG;? vlpdwfwef;vef; ygoGm;av&m\/ wpfzef acG;b0rS ul;0ifvmaom vlqdkyguvnf; acG;tod acG;vdyfjym uyfvsufuom ygcJhav&m\/ vlYb00,f vlYtod? acG;b0 acG;tod? ¤if;wdkYudkaxmufí quf&JUvm;ar;vmygu [ihftif;[líom ajzqdkvdkufygav/ (c) wpfzefvnf; b0csKyu f o kd mjrifí tpGNJ iad eygonfukd rjrifavaomolonf aemifb0[lonf r&Sd? &SdaomfrS þESihfrqdkif[lí ,Hk\/ xdk0g'&Sifum; Oapä'0g'wGif; qif;oufrdaeNyD/ bmvkyfvkyf igESihfrqdkif zefqif;&Sifu wm0ef,lxm;NyD;... bmvkyfvkyf igrcH& u,fwif&Sifu Mum;0ifwm;NyD;... þ0g'udk raumif;rIt&mü Murf;vkd&rf;vdkolrsm;ESihf raumi;f rI'kp½dkuf vGefusL;NyD;olrsm; ESpfNcdKufMuayvdrfhrnf/ xdk0g'um; rD;awmufNidrf;u rD;a&mifaysmuf\ yrm vlao vQif vlpdwfuif;awmh&um; b0jywf\[k t,l&Sd\/ odkYr[kwf....zefqif;&Sif\ &ifcGifMum; 0iftdyfoGm;jcif;[l ívnf;aumif;? zefqif;&Sit f rdeYf emcHomG ;jcif;[lívnf;aumif; t,l&dS um igESihfrqkdif[laom t,ludk vufcHxm;&Sd\/ awmrD;onf t&Sdefaumif;aeum wpfae&mrS wpfae&m ul;NrJcsnf;om/ awmrD;onf yihaf v&aeu tqif;ESit f h wuf ul;pufvsuu f om/ onfhtwlyifvQif... tpGJtNid ruif;avolwdkif; aocgeD;wdkif; tm½Hk0,f xifjrif vmaom tpGJudkrSDvsufu aumif;rIaMumihf aumif;pdwaf y: aumif;b0ay: wufa&muf &rnf/ qdk;rIaMumihf qdk;edrdwfjzihf qdk;b0xJ 0ifMu&rnf/ tpGJonf MuufodkYpGJaevQif b0onfvnf; Muufb0yif/ tpGJonf <uufodkYpGJaevQif b0onfvnf; <uufb0yif/ Muufudk "mwfyHk½dkuful;,l&mü <uufyHk rxGufay:apEkdif/ <uufudk "mwfyHk½dkuful;,l&müvnf; MuufyHkrxifvmapEkdif/ pifppf vl? EGm;? Muuf? <uuf? ponfrsm;ESihf ewfb0 i&Jb0 ponf rsm;onf pGJpdwfrsm;uwpfqihf ul;ajymif;ay;xm;jcif;wnf;/ a&S;a&S;b0onf þb0ESihf aMumif;usKd;quf ruif;? aemufaemufb0rsm;onfvnf; þb0ESihf aMumif;usKd;quf ruif;/ odkYaMumifh.... jywfuJhvm;ar;vmcJhvQifvnf; [ihftif;om ajzvdkufygav/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

DHAMMA DEW

26

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

oHo&mqkdonfrsm;rSm oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) oH o &mqd k o nf r S m oH-ykeyÜKeH= tzeftzeftxyfxyf? o&wd *päwd-jzpfwwf\/ £wdwo®m-xdkYaMumihf? oHoa&m-oHo&oHo&mrnf\/ tqufrjywf tzefzefjzpfwwfaomaMumihf oHo&mjzpfyg onf/ þum; oHo&m\ t"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ oH o m&(oH o &m)\t&qd k a omf tqufrjywfjzpfaeaom cE¨mtpOftwef;? tm,wetpOf twef;? "mwftpOftwef;wd\ Yk tpOftwef;onf oHo&mjzpfavonf/ b0wpfckü cE¨m? tm,we? "mwfwdkYonfjzpfMuukef\/ xdaYk Mumihf cE¨mtm,we"mwfw\ Ykd tpOf[o l nf b0tpOfyifjzpfonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;\ b0tpOf B uD ; xJ r S ig;&mh i g;q,f a om b0wdkYudk xkwfíjrwfpGbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrl\/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifarm*¾vmef? t&SiftmeE´m? tp&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ b0tcsKdUudkom Zmwfawmfpyfqdkif&mwdkYü jrwfpGmbk&m;xkwfazmfa[mMum;awmfrlonf/ ra[mjy&aom Ak'¨\ b0rsm;ESihf tqdkyg rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY\ b0rsm; um; toacsF teEÅjzpfukef\/ wjcm;aom yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ b0rsm;onf vnf; toacsFteEÅusef&SdMu\/ þonfum; oHo&(oHo&m)\ t&o½kyfjzpfayonf/ oH o &m\ta&twG u f owå 0 gwd k Y o nf b0tpOf t wef ; &S n f B uD ; wpf c k w nf ; ü vSnhfvnf oGm;aeMuonfr[kwfay/ rdrdwdkYqdkif&m b0tpOfwef;üom toD;oD;vSnhfvnfoGm;aeukef\/ xdkYaMumihf owå0gwpfa,muftwGuf b0tpOftwef;wpfck pDjzpfíowå0gteEÅwdkYtwGuf oHo&mteEÅjzpfayonf/ owå0g&Sdo avmufoHo&m&Sdonf/ þum;oHo&m\ ta&twGufudk jyqdkjcif; jzpfonf/ pd w f c P 3 csuf ? ½k y f c P 50 rS w f o m;zG , f cE¨m? tm,we? "mwfwdkY\ tpOftwef;udk oHo&m[kac: qdk&mü cE¨mtm,we"mwfwdkYonfum; emrf½kyfomwnf;/ emrfqdkonf um; pdwfapwodufjzpf\/ xdkwGif pdwfonf y"mejzpfaomaMumihf pdwftpOf ½kyftwef;um; oHo&m[lí qdk&ygonf/ t|uxmq&monf rSwfvG,fodvG,fatmif oHo&mudk pdwf tpOftwef;jzihf jyqdkawmfrlonf/ touf[lí ac:qdkaeMuaom emrf ZD0dw okc'ku© Oayu©ma0'emonfvnf;aumif;? ZD0dw? a0'em? pdwf rS<uif;aom twåabm[kac:qdkaom emrfonfvnf;aumif;? pdwfwpfck ESihfom,SOfNyD; pdwfwpfcsufpm umvomwnfyHkudkjyqdkawmfrlonf/ ZD 0 d w H twå b ma0gp? ok c 'k u © m p au0vm/ {upd w å orm,k w å m ? v[k a om 0wå a w caPm/ (0dok'd¨r*¾? 'k-260) ZD0dwH- touf[kqdktyfaom emrfZD0dwonfvnf;aumif;? au0vm-twåepd rö zuf? tewåtedpo ö ufoufjzpfuek af om? okc 'kum© p-okca0'em 'ku© a0'emwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? twåbma0gp-cE¨m ud, k [ f k qdt k yfonfh <uif;aomerfonfvnf;aumif;? {updwo å rm,kwmå

-wpfckaompdwfESihfom ,SOfukef\/ wpfenf;pdwf wpfcsufrQom wnf Muukef\/ caPm-ZD0dwpaom w&m;wdkY\ jzpf&mcPonf? 0g tcsdef cPonf/ v[kaom-rsufpdwpfrSdwfumv\ uka#wpfodef;ydkif;\ wpfyikd ;f pmumvrQom&Sí d tvGev f sijf refonf? 0wåawjzpfavownf;/ owå 0 gwd k Y \ touf o nf pd w f w pf c suf p momwnf \ þtxufyg pum;jzihf rnfonfhowå0grsKd;rqdk owå0grSef orQ\ toufonf pdww f pfcsupf m umvomwnfEikd \ f / pdww f pfcsuf pmom touf&Snfí aopdwfwpfcsufomtouf&Snfonf[laom EIef;jzihf &yfwnfMuukefonf[laom t"dyÜg,fudk oG,f0dkufí jyqdkay onf/ toufonf pdwfwpfcsufomwnfonf[laom xdkpum;udk urÇm&Spaf omif;av;axmiftouf&n S o f nfqakd om tued|jA[®mBu;D udk pHerlemxm;í jyqdkawmfrlonf/ pk v ’ m oD w d o[ómed ? uyÜ H w d | Ed Å a ,r½l / eawG0 awyd wd|EÅd? 'GD[d pdawå[d oarm[dwm/ (0dok'd¨r*´? 'k-260) a,r½l-tMuiftued|jA[®mBuD;wdkYonf pkv’moDwdo[óm ed-&Spfaomif;av;axmifukefaom? uyÜHuyÜged-urÇmwkdYywfvHk;? wd|EÅdwnf uk e f \ / awyd - xd k j A[® m BuD ; wd k Y a omf v nf ; ? 'G D [ d p d a wå [ d ESpcf u k ek af om pdww f EYkd iS ?fh oarm[dwm-wuGjzpfuek v f su?f eawG0wd|EÅ-d rwnf u k e f o nf omwnf ; / {upd w å o rm,k w å m 0-wpf c k a om pdwfESihf,SOfukefíom? wd|EÅd-wnfukef\/ jA[® m BuD ; wd k Y t ouf & S n f M uaomf v nf ; pd w f E S p f c suf p m umvrwnf E k d i f xdkjA[®mBuD;wdkY tvGeftouf&SnfMuonfqdkaomfvnf; ZD0dw toufonf pdwfESpfcsufpm umvrwnfEkdif/ wpfcsufpmumvom wnfMuukef\/ xdkjA[®mBuD;wdkYonf pdwfwpfcsufwpfckEIef;jzihf? qufíjzpf&m rS pkwdpdwfodkYa&mufaomtcg? jA[®mBuD;onf urÇm&Spfaomif;av; axmiftoufjynhfí pkwdoGm;onf[k oauFwynwftm;jzihf ajymqdk &avonf/ yk & G u f q d y f t ouf E S i h f jA[® m BuD ; touf t wl w l yk&Gufqdyf\ toufonf pdwfwpfcsufpm umvom wnfo uJhodkY xdktued|jA[®mBuD;\ toufonfvnf; pdwfwpfcsufpm umv omwnfonf [krSwf,lygav/ xdkYaMumihf? b0wpfckü toufwrf;umv pdwf wpfcsufpm om&Sdonf[kqdkygonf/ xdkpdwfcsufaygif;qufí qufíjzpfaom b0 BuD;wpfck[k orl[ynwfpum;jzihfajymqdk&jcif;jzpfonf/ b0oH o &müvS n h f v nf o G m ;aeMu&yH k b0oHo&mü vSnhfvnfoGm;aeMu&yHkudk rsufrjrif 'kud©w yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;? c&D;vrf;ñTefrygbJ c&D;oGm;aeyHkESihf EdIif;,SOfí jyqdk&m onf/

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

27

,xmyd e mr Zpö taE¨ m ? ea&m ty&d P m,aum/ oGm;rdouJhokdY?oHo&mc&D;oGm; ÓPfrsufpdrygaom olonf? ok*wd {u'g,mwd r a*¾ e ? uk r ® a *¾ e myd { u'g/ edAÁmefvrf;aumif;ñTefjyEkdfifaom bk&m;tp&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYESihf uif;uGm (0dok'd¨r*´? 'k-260) í? trSm;udk trSefxifum raumif;rI tukokdvfawGudk jyKvkyfrd\/ ty&dPm,aum- c&D;vrf;ñTefrygaom? ZpöaEÅmea&m- wpfcgwpf&HMuufuef;qeftdk;wdk;rdouJhodkY trSwfrxifbJ aumif;rI rsufrjrif'kud©wyk*¾dKvfonf? {u'g-wpf&Hwpfcgü? ra*¾e-vrf;rSefjzihf? ukodkvfawGudk jyKvkyfrdav\/ ,mwd-oGm;\/ {u'g-wpf&Hwpfcgü? ukr®a*¾e-vrf;rSm;jzihf? ,mwd- uk o k d v f e nf ; NyD ; tuk o k d v f u rsm;í ,if;rsufrjrif'kud©wonf vrf;ñTefyk*¾dKvfrygbJ c&D;oGm;&mü oGm;\/ ,xmydemr-þum;Oyrmwnf;/ {0H oH o ma& oH o &H ? Amavm ty&d P m,aum/ vrf;rSefoGm;&onfu enf;\/ vrf;rSm;oGm;&onfu rsm;ouJhodkYyif {u'gyk n H ua&mwd ? tyk n ryd {u'g/ oHo&mc&D;onfonf olawmfaumif;vrf;ñTefESihf uif;vsuf? oHo&m (0dok'd¨r*¾? 'k-260) c&D ; oG m ;&mü? aumif ; rI u k o k d v f j yK&onf u enf ; \/ raumif ; rI {0H-þtwl? ty&dPm,aum-oHo&mvrf;cGJ edAÁmefvrf;ñTef tukodkvfjyK&onfu rsm;\/ xdkjyK&aom tukodkvfonf ork'´&ma&yrmP&Sdygrl ukodkvf rygaom? oHoma&-oHo&mü? oHo&H-vSnhfvnfoGm;aom? AmavmÓPfrsufpdrjrif'ku©dwyk*¾dKvfonf? {u'g-wpf&Hwpfcgü? yknH-aumif;rI onf vufwpfzufü&Sdaom a&twdkif;tqrQom &Sdav&m\/ udk? ua&mwd-jyKrd\/ {u'g-wpf&Hwpfcgü? tyknH-raumif;rIudk r&yf r em; Muif v nf a e&jcif ; xdkYaMumihf oHo&mc&D;onf\ c&D;pOfBuD;onf uRwfvrf; ua&mwd-jyKrdav\/ Muuf u ef ; qef t d k ; wd k ; ovd k r&Sdawmhavmufatmif &Snfvsm;axGjym; raerem; woGm;wnf;oGm; rsufrjrif 'kud©wyk*¾dKvfonf? vrf;ñTefvrf;jyyk*¾dKvfrygbJ ae&jcif;jzpfavonf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) c&D;oGm;aomtcg? wpfcgwpf&Hvrf;rSefoGm;\/ wpfcgwpfcg vrf;rSm; aemuf a usmzk H ; rS (y&rw¬ o½lyab'eD? 'k-455-459) (0dok'd¨r*fbmomjyef? r[mpnf-75-78) y#d o rd Ç ' gÓPf & jcif ; taMumif ; w&m;(5)yg; txufazmfjyyg y#dordÇ'gÓPf&jcif;\ taMumif;w&m;rsm; rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/ (1) t"d*r t&[wåzdkvf&jcif;/ (2) jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmf? y&d,wdåygVdawmfudk oif,ljcif;/ (3) o0e olawmfaumif;w&m;? odrYk [kwf t|uxmwdu Yk kd em,lrw S o f m;jcif;/ (4) y&dykpämygVdt|uxm\ teuft"dyÜm,fukd ar;jref;pl;prf;jcif;/ (5) ykAÁa,m*a&S;b0wdkYü *wypöm*w0wfudkusihfí ocFg½kayu©mÓPf wdkifatmif? 0dyóem bm0em"r®yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;/ y#dordÇ'gÓPf&jcif;taMumif;w&m;aygif; (5)yg;jzpfavonf/ (y&rw¬? o½lyab'eD-459-460) (0dok'd¨? bmomjyef? r[mponf? 78-79) *wypö m *w0wf E S i h f & &S d a om tusKd ; aus;Zl ; [&Pypöm[&P ocFgwH? *wypöm*w0wåH yla&aEÅm/ (oar®mt|uxm-338) ,if;oar®mt|uxmü rdeq Yf t kd yfonfEiS t fh nD &[ef;awmfrsm; qGrf;cHoGm;aomtcg ur®|mef;udkaqmifjcif;? qGrf;cHjyefaomtcg ur®|mef;udak qmifjcif;[laom usi0fh wfukd ]]*wypöm*w0wf}}[kac:qdyk g onf/ qGrf;cHoGm;aomtcg qGrf;cHvSnhfaomtcg qGrf;cHjyefaom tcg ur®|mef;udk½IrSwfíom oGm;? vSnhfvnf? jyefaomusihf0wfwnf;/ ur®|mef;ESiv fh w G í f oGm;jcif;? vSnv fh nfjcif;? jyefjcif;rjyKaomusi0hf wf[k qdv k ykd gonf/ *wypö m *w0wf u d k u sih f y H k *wypöm*w0wf usihfyHkudk oDvu©eft|uxm? oar®mt| uxmwdüYk tus,jf yqdx k m;ygonf/ þü tenf;i,frQ azmfjyvdyk gonf/

(1) qGrf;cHoGm;&mü vrf;c&D;e,fedrdwfudk owfrSwfí 0dyóem½ óem½I udavomy,fcGmyHk ausmif;rS qGrf;cH&GmodkY oGm;aomtcg wpfOob? Oob0uf? wpf*g0kw?f *g0kw0f uf t&yfwüYkd ausmufw;kH ausmufwikd rf sm;udk rSwo f m; í (0g;vHk;q,fjyef? jyefESpfq,fponfjzihf ausmufwHk;ausmufwdkif rsm;&S&d mt&yfukd rSwo f m;í) ,if;trSwf tom;wpfct k wGi;f ü ur®|mef; ½IíoGm;&m\/ trS w f t om;e,f w pf c k t wG i f ; üur® | mef ; vG w f c J h a omf udavomjzpfcJh0ifcJhaomf? xdktrSwftom;e,f twGif;üyif ur®|mef;udk jyefzmonhftaejzihf jyefvnf½IrSwf&rnf/ udavomudk y,fcGm&rnf/ NyD;rS ur®|mef;½Ium a&SUodkYoGm;&rnf/ þonfwdkYum; qGrf;cHoGm;&mü ausmufwHk;ausmufqdkif trSwt f om;e,ferd w d t f wGi;f ur®|mef;½IymG ;yH/k jzpfvmaomudavomudk e,frul;apbJ zdESdyfy,f&Sm;yHkjzpfonf/ (2) oGm;jcif;? &yfjcif;? xdkifjcif;jyKí udavomzdESdyf&ef 0dyóem ½IrSwfyHk 0dyóembm0emudk ½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;&if; oGm;aeaomtcg 0dyó em rSwfpdwfrSvGwfcJhaomf? udavom0ifcJh jzpfcJhaomf? oGm;ae&if;üyif 0dyóemudk jyefvnfqifjcifí ½IrSwf&rnf/ 0ifvmaom udavomudk y,fcGm&rnf/ NyD;rS ur®|mef;udk ½IrSwfum a&SUokdYqufoGm;&rnf/ xdkodkY oGm;ae&if; udavomudk ry,fcGmEdkifygu &yfwefYí udavomudk y,fcmG um ur®|mef;udk jyefvnf½rI w S &f rnf/ þenf;twkid ;f a&SUqufoGm;&rnf/ &yfí udavomudk ry,fcGmEdkifygu 0dyóem jyefvnf½IrSwfyg/ r&ygu &yfae&mrS xkdifvkduf&rnf/ xdkifí udavom udk y,fcGmí 0dyóemudk jyefvnf½IrSwf&ygrnf/ NyD;rS ur®|mef;½IrSwf vsuf a&SUodkY qufoGm;&ygrnf/ þuJhodkY oGm;&if;? &yf&if;? xkdif&if; udavomudky,fcGmí 0dyóemudk ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;&mwGif tcsdKU&[ef;wdkYonf aomwmyeftp&Sd aom t&d,mrsm;tjzpfodkY qkdufa&mufoGm;MuaMumif; t|uxmwdkYü jyqdkxm;avonf/

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

28

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

þonfum; qGrf;cHoGm;&mü oGm;jcif;? &yfjcif;? xkdifjcif;jyKí 0dyóem bm0emur®|mef; ½IymG ;yH?k udavomy,fcmG yHrk sm;yifjzpfyg onf/ (3) ajcvS r f ; wk d i f ; ur® | mef ; ½I y H k ? ud a vomjzpf u y,f c G m yH k qGrf;cHoGm;aomtcg ajcvSrf;wdkif;vSrf;wdkif; ur®|mef;½IrSwfí vSrf;&rnf/ ajcvSrf;wpfckckü ur®|mef;rSwfpdwfvGwfcJhaomf? udavom 0ifcJhaomf? xdkajcvSrf;udk&yfí udavomudk y,fcGm&ygrnf/ ur®|mef;udk jyefvnf½IrSwf&rnf/ þodkYjyKír&ygu vSrf;qJajcvSrf;udk&yfNyD; aemufodkYwpfvSrf; qkwfí udavomy,fcGmí 0dyóemqufvuf½IrSwf&rnf/ 0dyóem ½IrSwfaompdwfjzihf a&SUajcvSrf;udkquf&rnf/ þum; qGrf;cHoGm;pOf ajcvSr;f wdik ;f 0dyóem½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;yH?k jzpfvmaom udavomudk y,fcmG yHkrsm;yifjzpfygonf/ þodkYvQif (1) vrf;e,fedrdwfowfrSwfívnf;aumif;/ (2) oGm;? &yf? xkdif? £&d,mykwf owfrSwfívnf;aumif;/ (3) ajcvSrf; owfrSwfívnf;aumif;? udavomjzpfvm? 0ifvmygu y,fcGmjcif;/ 0dyóem bm0emur®|mef;udk tpOfrjywfatmif ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;jcif;jzihf *wypöm*w0wfukd usiafh qmif&if;jzihf &[ef;awmfwYkd qGr;f cH<uawmfrMl u yHktaMumif;rsm;yifjzpfygonf/ a&iH k í qG r f ; cH < uawmf r l M uyH k &[ef;awmfwdkYonf 'um? 'umr ponfwdkYESihf pum;rajym rqd&k ap&ef a&iHí k qGr;f cH<uawmfrjl cif;jzihf *wypöm*w0wfukd jznhu f si hfawmfrlMuonfvnf; &SdMuygonf/ rS w f o m;zG , f & m aqmif y k ' f v uF m a&S ; acwf r S e f ; ajrmf ? &[ef ; awmf w d k Y ? tH h a Momf b eef ; ? usih f B uH c ef ; wnh f ? qG r f ; awmf o G m ;&m? qG r f ; cH & mES i h f ? jyef v maom tcg? ur® | mef ; yg\? ud a vomxG u f ? ur® | mef ; ysuf a omf ? y,fzsufp&m? udavomudk? vsifpGmy,fvQif;? zdESdyfeif;í? rl&if; ur®|mef;? jyefvnfzrf;vsuf? pD;jzef;orI? a&;BuD;ljyK\? bdu©Kbdu© a0? tmvk y f a cRí? y&arAk ' ¨ ? ac:xd k u f v S o nf ? t&d , mEG , f 0 if ? t&S i f j rwf b k & m;/ / *wypö m *w0wf u sih f j cif ; aMumif h &&S d a omtusd K ; *wypöm*w0*fudk usihfaqmifaom&[ef;onf r*fzdkvf\ Oyedó, yg&rDjynhfpHkoljzpftHh? (1) yXrt&G,fü &[EÅmjzpf\/ (2) xdkt&G,fürjzpfaomf? rZÑdrt&G,fü &[EÅmjzpf\/ (3) xdkt&G,fü rjzpf aomf ypädrt&G,füjzpf\/ (4) xdkt&G,fürjzpfaomf aocgeD;tcgüjzpf \/ (5) xdkt&G,fürjzpfygaomf 'kwd,ewfom;b0ü &[EÅmjzpf\/ (6) xdkb0ürjzpfaomf bk&m;ryGihfrD yapöuAk'¨gjzpf\/ (7) xdktcgü yapöuAk'¨grjzpfaomf aemufbk&m;vufxufü 'g½kpd&d,rax&fuJhodkY cdyÜgbdn &[EÅmjzpfav\/ (8) xdo k rYkd rS jzpfaomf t&Sio f m&dyw k &å muJo h Ykd ynmBu;D aomol jzpf\/ (9) t&Sifarm*¾vmefuJhodkY wefcdk;BuD;oljzpf\/ (10) t&Sifr[m uóyuJhodkY "kw*Faqmifyk*¾dKvfjzpf\/ (11) t&SiftEk½k'¨guJhodkY 'dAÁpu©K tbdnmOft&Sifjzpf\/ (12) t&SifOygvduJhokdY 0denf;"dk&fyk*¾dKvfjzpf\/ (13) t&Sirf EÅmPDyw k yå P k mÖ ;uJo h Ykd "r®uxdutavsmjf zpf\/ (14) t&Sif a&0wuJhodkY awm&aeyk*¾dKvfausmfjzpf\/ (15) t&SiftmeE´muJhodkY wdy#d u"& A[kow k yk*Kd¾ vaf usmjf zpf\/ (16) t&Si&f m[kvmuJo h Ykd odum© umryk*¾dKvfausmfjzpfav\/

pmud k ; (1) oar®mt|uxm/ (2) y&rw¬ o½lyab'deD? 'kwd,wGJ/ (3) 0dok'¨dr*f bmomjyefr[mpnf/ (4) oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVdawmfESihft|uxm/ (5) 'DCedum,fygVdawmfESihft|uxm/ (6) rHk&GmNrdKU? ta&SUv,fwDwdkuf t*¾r[my@dwq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; b'´EÅuk@v\ r[mokw'DyeDusrf; (wwd,wGJ)/ "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/ pmrsuf E S m 23 rS &[ef;wdkY tMuiftcgü &[ef;onf vGwfajrmufaom (t& [wåzv kd )f pdwv f nf;&S\ d / vGwaf jrmufaom(t&[wåzv kd )f ynmvnf;&S\ d / &[ef;wdkY xdktcgü &[ef;udk ]]wHcg;usnf;udk y,fcsNyD;ol}} [l í vnf ; aumif ; ? ]]usH K ;ud k z suf q D ; NyD ; ol } } [l í vnf ; aumif ; ? ]]wHcg;wdkif udk EkwfNyD;ol}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]wHcg;&Gufudk zGihfNyD;ol}} [l í vnf ; aumif ; ? ]]tvH u d k c sNyD ; aom 0ef u d k c sNyD ; aom?

0#f q if ; &J E S i h f rpyf , S O f a om jrwf a omol } } jzpf \ [k oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkYtm; a[m>rufawmfrlavonf/ ]]vG w f a jrmuf a ompd w f & S d o l o nf tNrJ N id r f ; at;av\}} Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

xGe;f vif;urÇm omoem trsdK;bmom? omoemonf jynf&Gmat;csrf; pdwfMunfvef;í ajr§mfrSef; wdkYacwf? xGef;awmufopfcJh npfnrf;p½dkuf? tusihfrkdufrsm; BuHKBudKufzG,f&m? r&Sdygaomf jrefrmjynf0Sef; vef;ygNyD/ / omoemwGif? urÁnf;wifatmif ajrmfjrifBudK;pm;? oHCmrsm;udk 0yfwGm;aumfa&mf? &SdylaZmfí aeaomftvif;? 0if;yjcif;odkY xGef;vif;urÇm? wnfwHhygvdkY urÇmtESHY qefYavNyD/ / t½kPfOD;rSm? wdkYNrdKU&GmwGif oHCm<uvm? qGrf;avmif;ygí om,mat;csrf;? yDwdvTrf;vsuf rcrf;aoma&? raoGNrJrdkU rQa0om"k ac:wum;/ / pd k ; od r f ; pd k ; (bPf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

,cif t ywf r S t quf tyk d i f ; (12) r[mu½k P m&S i f \ aemuf q k H ; aeY & uf r sm; aomwmyef \ tvG r f ; wpfaeY Ak'¨ emvefxp ausmif;&dyf wGif wpfyg;wnf; xkdifaeckdufjzpfonf/ t&Sif tmeE´monf olcHpm;&aom aomua0'emukd Ak'¨tm; r0Hhr&JUavQmufxm;onf/ ]]aemifawmf Ak'?¨ ,cktcg t&Sijf rwf usef;usef;rmrm&Sdonfukd jrif&ygNyD/ t&Sifjrwf a&m*gonf ; xef a ecsd e f u rl wynh f a wmf \ ukd,fcE¨monf EGrf;acGíaeygonf/ &Spf&yf 0ef;usifonf rIef&D0kd;0g; rxifr&Sm;yifjzpfae cJhyg\/ w&m;ukdvnf; ESvkH;roGif;Ekdif? oHCmh tzGJUtpnf;twGuf bmukdrS rrdefY`rGufao; ojzihfom t&Sifjrwf y&dedAÁmefrjyKao;[k pdwf oufom&m &cJhyg\}} t&SiftmeE´m\pum;onf vlom; qef v S \ / ol \ cH p m;csuf u k d trS e f t wd k i f ; avQmufxm;\/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf cGihfvTwf em;vnfawmfrlNyD;jzpf\/ wpfaeYaomtcg t&Sit f meE´monf onfxufyif ylaqG;aomu BuKH&ygOD;rnfwum;/ t&S i f t meE´ m twG u f a jzaq; Ak'u ¨ tmeE´mtm;- ]]tmeE´m oHCm u ihgtay: bmarQmfvihfcsufrsm; xm;ae&OD; rSmvJ/ igonf w&m;awmfudk twGi;f tjyifr&S/d tuket f pifa[mMum;Ny;D Ny/D tmeE´m? wxm*w (Ak'¨\trnfwpfrsKd;) wdkYrnfonf w&m;a[m Mum;&mü q&mpm;csefxm;½kd;r&Sd/ oHCmhtzGJU tpnf;ukdvnf; igodrf;ykdufxm;rnf/ oHCmu

ighukdom tm;ukd;tm;xm;jyKMuap [laom oabmxm;r&S d } } [k rd e f Y M um;awmf r l o nf / ]]tmeE´m igonf tkdrif;vSNyD? t&G,fvnf;vGef Ny/D b0aemufq;Hk ykid ;f a&mufNy/D touf&pS q f ,f &SNd y/D tmeE´m vSn;f tkBd u;D onf zGUJ pnf;wkyaf ESmif xm;ojzihf wnfwHhaeouJhodkY ig\ukd,fcE¨m onfvnf; zvormywfjzihf wnf;aESmifxm; í wHhaejcif;jzpfonf}} "r® o m tm;uk d ; &mtppf tmeE´m? ukd,fhukd,fukdom tm;ukd; tm;xm;jyKMu/ tjcm;ukd tm;xm;raeMuvihf/ w&m;awmfudkom tm;xm;Mu/ w&m;rSwpfyg; tjcm;tm;ukd;r&SmMuvihf/ ('D?2?85) txufygpum;&yfrsm;onf ta&; BuD ; \/ ]]igonf tk d r if ; vS N yD . .}} ponf tkjd cif; rSm Zmwdw&m;\qk;d &Gm;vSyu Hk dk azmfjy \/ b0&S d o jzih f tk d e maoa&;wd k Y & S d r nf / cspo f El iS fh auGuiG ;f &rnf/ rcspo f El iS fh qkq H nf; &rnf / vk d í r&aomqif ; &J u k d xm0&awG U ae&rnf / b0wpf c k & S i f o ef a &;twG u f ½kef;uef&rnf/ b0ouf&Sifaexkdifa&;twGuf taumif;tqkd; toufarG;rIwdkYukd &ifqkdif &rnf / b0[l o nf u m; oif w k e f ; "m;oG m ; ay:wGif wifxm;aom ysm;&nfwpfpufukd vsuf a e&onh f j zpf p Of w um;/ ZmwdaMumifh&&Sdvmonfh b0'ku©wdkY ukd Ak'¨onfyif ra&Smifwdrf;EkdifaMumif; t&Sif tmeE´mtm; odjrifapaom pum;&yfjzpfonf/ ]]uk d , f h u k d , f u k d o m tm;xm;Mu? w&m;awmf u k d o m tm;xm;Mu? uk d ; uG , f Mu}} [k rd e f Y M um;jcif ; rS m Ak ' ¨ b momwG i f

yk*¾Kdvfa&;ukd;uG,frIukd vufrcHjcif;jzpf\/ Ak'¨onfyif ukd;uG,fcHoufoufr[kwf/ Ak'¨ tm; ukd;uG,faejcif;rSm tjcm;bmomrsm; wG i f & S d a om ]]bk & m;ocif \ oem;u½k P m uk d ck d v I H j cif ; r[k w f ? awmif ; cH j cif ; r[k w f / Ak ' ¨ o nf zef q if ; &S i f r [k w f / a&S U aqmif vrf ; jyrQomjzpf \ / "r® y 'wpf a e&mü ]]tu© m wma&m wxm*wm bk & m;&S i f w d k Y rS m a&S U aqmif v rf ; ñT e f j zpf u k e f \ }} [k twdtvif; rdefYMum;xm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh Ak'¨ u- ]]..."r® ' D y g "r® o &Pm teno& Pm- w&m;om axmuf w nf & mjzpf \ / uRef ; jzpf \ / w&m;om tm;xm;&mjzpf \/ tjcm;tm;xm;&m rSDckd&mr&Sd}} rdefYMum; jcif;jzpfonf/ y&d e d A Á m ef j yKawmh r nf Ak'¨onf a0VK0&Gmuav;ü oDwif; okH;aepOfrSmyif y&dedAÁmefjyKcsdefeD;NyDjzpfaMumif; t&Sit f meE´mtm; t&dyt f `ru G f rdeMYf um;ygao; onf/ t&SiftmeE´mum; awGa0aecsdefjzpfí owd r &/ bmavQmuf x m;&rS e f ; rod / ,ck a0VK0&GmteD; pmygvewfuGef;wGif oDwif;okH; aepOf y&deAd mÁ efjyKawmhrnftaMumif; ]]þok;H v vGefaomtcg Ak'¨ y&dedAÁmefjyKawmhrnf}} [k twdtvif; aMujimvkdufNyD/ þwGifrS t&Sif tmeE´m owd0ifvmonf/ tcsdefum; aESmif; avNy/D Ak'¨ y&deAd mÁ efjyKawmhrnf[k wu,fwef; odvm&aomtcg t&SiftmeE´m aqmufwnf &mr&&SmawmhNyD/ Ak'¨u]]tmeE´ m cspf a omol w d k Y E S i f h wpf aeY a eY wpf c sd e f c sd e f w G i f aouG J & S i f u G J wpf rsKd ; rsKd ; jzih f uG J u G m &rnf o mjzpf \ / ocF g & w&m;rSeforQ ysufpD;jcif;"r®odkYom xm0& ñT w f u k d i f ; pD ; 0if a evsuf o mwnf ; }} [k rdefYMum;onf/ tcsdefrSm oDwif;0gvuRwfNyD;pjzpf \/ Ak'¨onf a0omvDwpf0dkuf&Sd &[ef;wdkYtm; Oy|meomvmodkY vma&mufMu&ef rdefYawmfrl vku d o f nf/ us,f 0 ef ; aom"r® &[ef;wdkYpkHnDaomtcg t"durSm Mum;csufrSm w&m;awmfwnfwHha&;twGufjzpf \/ Ak'¨onf 45 ESpftwGif; em;csdef? tyef;ajz

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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

csdef[lír&Sd/ eHeuftm½kHusif;csdefrS nOhfeuf oef;acgif rkd;aomuf,Htxd owå0gtm;vkH; twGuf w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;cJh\/ enf; vrf;ñTefjycJh\/ xkdw&m; ("r®)wdkYum; ta& twGufrsm;vS\/ udef;*Pef;rsm;vS\/ us,f vnf;us,f0ef;\/ eufvnf;euf½Idif;\/ ,if; wkdYukd tusOf;csKyfaomtcg aAm"dyu©d,w&m; 37 yg;om&Sd\/ aAm"dyu©d,w&m;(37)yg;rSmowdy|mef 4 yg;? or®yÜ"mef 4 yg;? £'¨dyg'f 4 yg;? £a`E´ 5 yg;? Akdvf 5 yg;? aAmZÑif 7 yg;? r*¾if 8 yg;? aygif; 37 yg;jzpf\/ w&m;&S d v Qif bk & m;&S d \ ta&twGuf trnfemr uGmjcm;rI &Sdaomfvnf; tESpfom&rSm twlwljzpf\/ rnf o nh f w &m;trsKd ; tpm;uk d usih f o k H ; ap umrl b0'k u © c sKyf N id r f ; jcif ; (ed A Á m ef ) uk d &&S d rnf o mjzpf \ / xk d w &m;wd k Y o m q&mjzpf \/ xk d w &m;wd k Y & S d a eao;oa&G U q&mAk ' ¨ &S d a ernf o mjzpf \ / omoemawmf & S d a e ao;\/ w&m;wk d Y a ysmuf u G , f a omf omoemuG , f \ / omoem[l a ompum; onf tqk H ; trjzpf \ / tqk H ; trwnf a e orQ omoemwnf a e\/ tqk H ; tr rwnf o l t wG u f omoemuG , f a e\/ vk d u f e mol w d k Y t wG u f omoem&S d a e\/ rvdkufemolwdkYtwGuf omoemuG,fae\/ 37 yg;aom w&m;wdkY\tcsKyfrSm owdjzpf\/ owå0gtm;vkH;wdkY ajc&mrSeforQ wGif qifajc&monf tBuD;qkH;jzpf\/ owd onfvnf; t&mtm;vkH;wdkYwGif tBuKH;0if\/ Ak'u ¨ ]]&[ef;wdkY oifwdkYtm; igwkdufwGef; \/ jyKjyif z ef w D ; tyf o nf h ocF g &w&m; rS e f o rQonf aysmuf u G , f y suf p D ; jcif ; oabmrS rvG w f E k d i f / rarh a omowd j zih f aeMu/ tyÜ r ma'e orÜ m a'x Ak ' ¨ y&dedAÁmefpH0ifzkdYeD;NyD/ ,aeYrS okH;vtMumwGif Ak'¨ y&dedAÁmefjyKvdrfhrnf}} a0omvDwiG f aemufq;Hk rde`Yf ru G o f nhf w&m;jzpf\/ aemufaeYwGif a0omvDjynfwGif; qGrf;cH<uawmfrlonf/ aemufqkH;csD;jr§ihfawmfrl jcif;jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ xdaYk emuf a0omvDjynfBu;D ukd qifajymifBuD;Munhfjcif; (em*yavmudu) jzihf aemufqkH;Munhfawmfrlonf/ qifwkdYrnf onf ukd,fcE¨mBuD;rm;vGef;ojzihf OD;acgif;ukd iJhapmif;írMunhfEkdif/ aemufodkYMunhfvkdaomf ukd,fvkH;vSnhf&\/ Ak'¨onfvnf; þodkYaom Munhfjcif;jzihf a0omvDukd ½Iawmfrl\/

EIwfawmfrSvnf;]]tmeE´ m ,ck M unh f j cif ; onf a0omvDukd Ak'¨\aemufqkH;Munhfjcif;jzpf\? oGm;MupkdY tmeE´m b@K&GmodkY c&D;qufMupdkY}} [k rdeYfawmfrlvkdufonf/ Ak'¨acwf bDpDajcmuf&mpkumvu wpf c k w nf ; aom ygvD r ef p epf t k y f p k d ; onh f a0omvDum; usef&pfcJhNyD/ a0omvDum; Ak'¨ \orkdif;tpwGifyg\/ ,ck tqkH;wGifvnf; yg\/ Ak'¨omoemtwGuf a0omvDjynfonf ta&;yg\/ Ak'¨onf bk&m;jzpfvQifjzpfjcif; rd*'g0keo f <Ykd uonf/ xküd yif 0guyf\/ 'kw, d 0g ukd awmxGufpu uwday;xm;cJhonhftwkdif; AdrÁdom&bk&if\ &mZN*Kd[fNrKdUawmfwGifuyf\/ xkdYaemuf a0VK0efausmif;awmfrS a0omvDodkY <u\/ r[m0kefawmtwGif; aqmufxm;onhf uk#m*g&omvmausmif;wkdufBuD;wGif oDwif; ok;H \/ a0omvDwiG f w&m;awmfrsm;? odum© yk'f awmfrsm; a[mMum;ynwfcJh\/ þ*kPft*Fg rsm;aMumifh Ak'o ¨ nf a0omvDudk qifajymifBu;D Munhfjcif;jzihf Munhfawmfrljcif;jzpfayrnf/ Ak'¨onf c&D;pOftwGif; a0omvD wpfaMum&Sd b@K&Gm? [w¦d&Gm? trÁ&Gm? ZrÁK&Gm rsm;odkY tpOftwkdif; <uawmfrlonf/ bk&m;wkdY <ujcif;um c&D;vSnhfvnfjcif;? tjyif;ajyMunhf jcif;r[kwf/ owå0gwdkYtwGufom <ujcif;jzpf \/ Ak'¨ESifhpyfvsOf;í tusKd;rJhjyKrljcif; [lír&Sd/ xkdYaMumifh Ak'¨onf NrKdUBuD;jyBuD;[lí oabm rxm;/ &Gmodrf&Gmi,f[lí vspfvsLr½I/ a&muf av&m&mü vly&dowf? &[ef;y&dowfwdkYtm; oDv? orm"d? ynm tusihfokH;&yfESihfqkdifaom w&m;"r®wdkYukd a[mMum;awmfrlNrJjzpf\/ abm*NrKd U rS w &m; ,ck 0ZÆDwkdif;zsm;tpGefabm*NrKdUodkY a&mufayNyD/ a0omvDESihf twefa0;vmNyD/ abm*NrKdU[kdbufü a0omvDykdifNrKdU[lír&Sd/ 0guRwfonfESihf a0omvDjynfrS wjznf;jznf; <uvm&m vaygif;twefMumcJhNyD/ o&'&moD yif ukeq f ;Hk cJNh y/D aiGEiS ;f rIew f u Ykd syJ uf&m aqmif;v wkdYyif ukefuRrf;oGm;MuayNyD/ aEG\oauFw awma&;awmifa&;wdkY om,m&Tef;pkdjcif;yif twefi,f&ihfa&mfvmayNyD/ Ak'¨\ tem*wf c&D;um; vykdif;yifrusefawmh/ tcsdefumvonf Ak'¨twGuf oHCmh tzGJUtpnf;twGuf ykdíykdí ta&;BuD;vmay NyD/ omoemht&dyfwGif ckdvIHaeMuol y&dowf wdkYtwGufum; qkdzG,fr&Sd/ Ak'¨onf tcgtcGihf oihfwkdif; "r®\ta&;ygykHukd rdefYMum;onf/ "r®

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ ,ckrSom rdefYMum;jcif;r[kwf/ [kdtxufausmf um&D umvuyif umvmrtrsKd;om;wdkYtm; rdefYMum;cJhzl;onf/ vGwfvyfpGm awG;awmcGihf? ,lqcGihfukd vrf;pzGihfay;cJhonf/ Ak'¨onf auorkwåd ed*kH;&GmBuD;odkY a&muf&SdpOfujzpf\/ auorkwådonf bmom a&;orm;wdkY rsufpdusp&mjzpftHhxifonf/ vmvmorQ bmoma&;q&mwd k Y r S m ol w d k Y bmom0g'om aumif;onf[k trTef;wifMu \/ olwpfyg;t,l0g'ukdrl jypfwifMu\/ ½IHcs Mu\/ uJh&JUoN*Kd[fMu\/ xkdYaMumifh Ak'¨<u a&mufvmaomtcg umvmrwdu Yk yGiyfh iG v fh if; vif;yif avQmufxm;Mu\/ ]]&Siaf wmfA'k ¨ uREyfk w f &Ykd mG ed*;Hk okYd a&muf &Sv d mMuonhf orP jAm[®Prsm;onf ihgt,l 0g'om rSeo f nf? ight,l0g'omaumif;onf [k trTef;wifMuyg\/ olwpfyg;t,l0g'rsm;udkrl jypfwifMuyg\/ ½IHUcsMuyg\/ uREkfyfwkdYtzkdY olwdkYpum;wGif a,mif0g;oGm;Muyg\/ trSef ESihftrSm; rcGJjcm;Ekdifatmif 0kd;w0g;jzpfoGm;Mu ygukef\}} umvmrwd k Y \ pum;uk d Ak ' ¨ o nf þodkY wkefYjyefcJhygonf/ ]]tcsif;umvmrwdkY- wpfqihfpum;Mum;½kHrQjzihf trSef[k r,lqMu ESi/fh - tpOftqufajympum;qkdumrQjzihfvnf; trSef[k r,lqMuESihf/ - onfvkdjzpfcJhzl;wmyJ[lívnf; trSef[k r,lqMuESi/fh - pmayusrf;*efESihf ukdufnDvSNyD[kvnf; trSef [k r,lqMuESihf/ - awG;awmBuHqjcif;jzihfvnf; trSef[k r,lq MuESi/fh - enf;rSD;jcif; (ykHwlcsjcif;)jzihf trSef[k r,lq MuESi/fh - tay:,Htjcif;t&mukd BuHqNyD;vnf; trSef [k r,lqMuESihf/ - igwdkYBuHpnfESpfoufojzihf ,lqxm;onfESihf ukdufnDonf[kvnf; trSefr,lqMuESihf/ - jzpf o ih f j zpf x k d u f w myJ [ k v nf ; trS e f [ k r,lqMuESi/fh - igwd k Y a v;pm;aomq&m\t,l t qyJ [ k vnf; trSef[k r,lqMuESihf/ tcsif ; umvmrwd k Y tMuif w &m; wdkYum; raumif;/ tjypf&Sd\/ ynm&Sdrsm; uJh&JUzG,fjzpf\/ tusKd;pD;yGm;rJhapí qif;&J 'ku©jzpfap\/ xkdw&m;wdkYukd pGefYy,fMu?

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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udk,fudk csKyfcs,fxm;&aom oabmaqmif onfh "r®vrf;pOfa&pD;aMumif;odkY roufqif; 0Hhjcif;/ (*) &efol\ enf;AsL[m (1) udavom(10)yg;jzihf pdwfudk aemufusL aeapjcif;? aemufusLaom pdwfjzihf vrf;rSef udk jrifcGihfr&apjcif;/ (2) oHa,mZOf(10)yg;jzihf b0wPSm? umr wPSm? 0db0wPSmwGif epfarsmaeapjcif;/ (3) ed0&P w&m;(6)yg;jzihf oHo&mudk zH;k uG,f xm;jcif;/ (usnfuG,foabm) (4) 0dyv Ü m’ o(12)yg;jzihf txifrmS ;? trSwrf mS ;? t,l r S m ;jzpf a tmif zH k ; uG , f j cif ; (rsuf u G , f oabm) (C) &ef o l \ Ad k v f o if w ef ; ausmif ; rS oif M um;csuf (1) r,HkMunfeJY? vGwfvrf;&Sdwm r,HkeJY? (2) arharhavsmah vsmh aygYaygYwefwef vGwv f w G f vyfvyf tcsKyftcs,fuif;rJhpGmae/ (3) tvG e f B uD ; rBud K ;pm;ygeJ Y ? usef ; rma&; xdcdkufr,f? ajz;ajz;em;em;aeaeoGm;yg? 'Db0 r&vJ aemufb0awG &Sdao;wmbJ/ (4) odyfrodcsifeJY? odatmifvkyfraeeJY? tvGef odcsifaewJhtcg q&mwdkY odwwfwJh olwdkYudk ar;aygY/ (5) odyfrpl;pdkufeJY? cyfaygYaygYcyfyg;yg;eJY wdk awmif;wJhb0udk tcsKd;usus toHk;cs/ (i) &efol\ wyfom;rsm;udk oifMum;csuf (1) oHo&mvGwfvrf;r&Sd? vGwfvdkwJh qE´rarG; eJY? ao&ifNyD;wmyJ/ (2) oHo&mu vGwfatmifrBudK;pm;eJY yifyef; qif;&JwmyJ tzufwifr,f aowpfaeY arG; wpfaeYaygY/ (3) oHo&mtaMumif; a0zefoHk;oyfraeeJY &wmav;eJY aysmfaysmfae aysmfaysmfpm; b0qdk wm cHwpfvSnhf pHwpfvSnhfyJ/ (4) oHo&mvGwfzdkY BuHwJhpdwf[m rlrrSefwJhpdwf?

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ aysmfyg? trsm;tusKd;jyKaysmfyg? aqG;aEG;ajymqdk jcif;ESihfaysmfyg? 00tdyfaumif;aumif;pm;NyD; aysmfyg/ (p) rdrd\ t*¾r[mAsL[m (y#dordÇ'gr*f)/ rysufpD;aom pdwf\ vGwfajrmufjcif;/ (q) rdrd\ r[mAsL[m (Owåryk&do 'DyeD) (1) ½kyfudkod? ½kyfjzpfaMumif;udkod? ½kyfcsKyfaMumif;udkod? ½kyfcsKyfaMumif;tusihfudk od? ½kyf\ om,mrIudkod? ½kyf\tjzpfudkod? ½kyfrSvGwfajrmufaMumif;udkod/ (2) a0'emudkod? a0'emjzpfaMumif; ud k o d ? a0'emcsKyf a Mumif ; ud k o d ? a0'em csKyfaMumif;tusihfudkod? a0'em\ om,mrI ud k o d ? a0'em\ tjypf u d k o d ? a0'emrS vGwfajrmufaMumif;udkod?

(3) onmudo k ?d onmjzpfaMumif;udk od? onmcsKyfaMumif;udkod? onmcsKyfaMumif; tusihfudkod? onm\ om,mrIudkod? onm \ tjypfudkod? onmrS vGwfajrmufaMumif;udk od/ (4) ocFg&udkod? ocFg&jzpfaMumif;udk od? ocFg&csKyfaMumif;udkod? ocFg&csKyfaMumif; tusihfudkod? ocFg&\ om,mrIudkod? ocFg& \ tjypfudkod? ocFg&rS vGwfajrmufaMumif; udo k /d (5) 0dÓPfudkod? 0dÓPfjzpfaMumif; udkod? 0dÓPfcsKyfaMumif;udkod? 0dnmPfcsKyf aMumif; tusihfudkod? 0dnmPf\ om,mrIudk od? 0dÓPf\ tjypfuo kd ?d 0dnPfrS vGwaf jrmuf aMumif;udkod/ (Z) rdrd\ enf;AsL[m (yg&m,eokwf) (1) umr*kPf tm½HkwdkYudk pGefYEkdif&rnf/ (2) udavomjzihf pdwfudk rnpfnL;ap&/ (3) ukokdvfpdwfudk BuD;xGm;ap&rnf/ (4) owdy|mefw&m;jzihf usihfBuHusKd;ukwf tm;xkwf&rnf/ (ps) rdrd\ Adkvfoifwef;ausmif; oifMum;jcif; (aAm"dyud©,w&m; 37yg;rS) (1) o'¨gAdkvf/ bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm? uH uH\tusK;d udk ,HMk unf? w&m;awmfEiS fh tnD usihfBuHojzihf vGefajrmufoGm;olwdkYudk om"u ,l/ (2) owdAdkvf/ owd y |mef ( 4)yg;jzih f owd OD;pD;aom tavhtusihf &atmif avh usi/fh (3) 0d&d,Adkvf/ ZGJvHkYvtpGrf;udk toHk; rcs&bJaewmxuf w&m;eJYaewm w&m;eJY aor,f q d k w J h Z G J ? oH o &mu rvG w f o rQ

igravQm[ h al om ZGu J kd rwkerf vIyw f nfaqmuf/ (4) ynmAdkvf/ atmifycJG H oHo&mvGwf vrf;odkY <ujref;olwdkY\ vrf;pOfudkom trSef ,lrnf[k qHk;jzwf/ (5) orm"dAdkvf/ t*¾r[mAsL[m &nfrSef; csuf udk rsufajcjywfrcHbJ odrf;ydkufEkdif ap&rnf[k tpdk;w& oEéd|mefcs/ (n) rdrw d yfom;rsm;udk oifMum;jcif; (aAm"dyud© ,w&m; 37 yg;rS) (1) qE´d'¨dyg'f/ qE´jyif;jyvQif r&Ekdif aom t&mr&Sd oHo&mvGwfvrf; trSef&Sdonf jyif;jyaomqE´jzihf r*¾if 8 yg;vrf;jzihf csDwuf Mu/ (2) 0d&d,d'd¨yg'f/ ZGJoefvQif atmifyGJcH &rnf/ ZGJjzihf oHo&m0#fu vGwfatmif r*¾if 8 yg;vrf;jzihf csDwufMu/ (3) pdwåd'd¨yg'f/ taESmihft,Suftaemuf tusLuif ; aom pd w f o nf wef c d k ; &S d \ / xufoef\? xdkpdwfjzihf oHo&m0#fu vGwf atmif r*¾if 8 yg;vrf;jzihf csDwufMu/ (4) 0DrHod'd¨yg'f/ rdrcd spD pfvrf;onf rZÑrd y#dy'gjzpfrjzpf ynmjzihfoHk;oyf? ynmjzihf qH k ; jzwf ? þqH k ; jzwf c suf u d k vuf u d k i f j yKí oH o &m0#f u vG w f a jrmuf a tmif r*¾ i f 8 yg;jzifh csDwufMu/ 4/ oH o &mu vG w f a &;ppf u d k pD r H ñTefMum;jcif; (Conduct of war) (u) vHkNcHKa&;e,fajr(Security Zone) o'¨gAdv k ?f owdAv kd ?f 0D&, d Adv k ?f ynm Adkvf? orm"dAdkvfwdkYjzihf pdwf apwoduf ½kyfwdkY udk apmihaf &Smufxm;Ny;D oHo&m0#fu vGwv f rf; udk tNrJ&SmBuHaeaome,fajr/ (c) wdkufyGJe,fajr (Combat Zone) (1) e,fajr(1) 'd|d? 0dpdudpäm? odvAÁw y&mrmo? tNyD;wdkifpGefY/ (2) e,fajr(2) umr&m*? Asmyg'? acgif;yg;atmifusihf/ (3) e,fajr(3) umr&m*? Asmyg'ud k tNyD;wdkifpGefY (4) e,fajr(4) udavom (10)yg;udk tNyD;wdkifpGefY/

39

(*) ppfajrjyif(Battle field) cE¨m 5 yg; (½kyf emrf 2 yg;) (C) tajccse,fajr(based area) ppfe,fajr 'ku©opöme,fajrjzpfonf/ ppfajrjyifudk vTrf; NcHKodaom ae&m ppfajrjyifESihf uif;vGwfaom ae&mudk tajccse,fajrowfrSwf/ (i) tajccse,fajrodkY axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&; e,f a jr (base-support area) orx 0dyóemjzihf ppfajrjyifudk (cE¨m)udk opöm (4)yg;jzihf ½IjrifoHk;oyfEkdifaom oabmudk axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;e,fajrowfrSwf/ (p) aemufydkif;e,fajr (Rear Zone) (1) tbd " r® m w&m;ud k toH k ; csEk d i f a tmif avhvmxm;aome,fajr/ (2) vGwfajrmufNyD;aom bk&m; &[EÅmrsm;udk erlem,l? pHxm;tm;ustyfaom e,fajr/ (3) 20 &mpk t wG i f ; pH x m;tm;us&rnf h &[EÅmESihf yk*¾dKvfxl;rsm; taMumif;udk avhvm/ (4) 0d y óemusih f p Of u d k q&mpG J r xm;bJ atmifyGJay;Ekdifaom 0dyóemenf;udk,l (5) pmenf;enf;zwf tvkyrf sm;rsm;vky?f ]]aevJ 0dyóemtvkyef aYJ e}} ]]aovJ 0dyóem tvkyf eJYao}} zdkYqHk;jzwf/ 5/ NcHKiHkoHk;oyfwifjycsuf/ wyfrawmfom; [lonf &nfrSef;csufwckckcsrSwfNyD;vQif xdk &nfrSef;csufudk r&&atmif enf;vrf; (1)? (2)?

(3)? (4) ponfjzihf r&rcsif; vkyfwwfonf/ aoumrS avQmhrnf[laom ZGJ&Sdonf/ tNidrf; pm;jzpfaom uREykf w f w Ykd pfawGrmS vJ þ ]ZGv J v YkH } awGusef&Sdyg\/ þZGJvHkYv0d&d,? ynmwdkYudk oHo&m0#fu vGwfa&;twGuf toHk;csoihfyg aMumif; avhvm wifjytyfayownf;? armif r sKd ; xG e f ; (jrif ; NcH ) rS D j irf ; 1/ qef Z k p f p pf y nm (uuusih f ) 2/ jref r mh p pf a oG ; jref r mh p pf a &; (uuusih f ) 3/ aAm"d y ud © , 'D y eD ( v,f w D q &mawmf ) 4/ Owå r yk & d o 'D y eD ( v,f w D q &mawmf ) 5/ y#d o rd Ç ' gr*f ( omoema&;OD ; pD ; Xme) 6/ yg&m,eZmwf ( &S i f r [moD v 0H o )

&mpkopf\ pdeaf c:rIrsKd;pku H dk Nidr;f csrf;aompdwf &J&ifw h nfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf atmifjrifpmG jzwfoef;Ekid Mf uzkYd "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

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y#dorÇ'd gÓPfqo dk nfrmS

PAT.ISAMBHIDA: Analytical insight "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o k d v f )

tw¬ " r® m 'd a u y#d 0 d Z ÑEÅ D or® m bd E ´ w D w d y #d o rd Ç ' g y#d o rd Ç ' gp omÓPÍö m wd y#d o rd Ç ' gÓPH / tw¬? "r®? ed½w k ?åd y#dbmewdu Yk kd xd;k xGi;f írazmufrjyef t&if; tjrpfodatmif &SmazGppfaq;wwfaomÓPf/ ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzm a0zefcGJ jcm;pdppfppfaq;wwfaomÓPf[laom teufoabmaMumihf y#dordÇ 'gÓPfrnfygonf/ y#d o rd Ç ' gÓPf a v;yg; (1) tw¬ y #d o rd Ç ' gÓPf = teuft"dyÜg,fudk xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf? tusKd;w&m;udkodaomÓPf/ (2) "r® y #d o rd Ç ' gÓPf = w&m;obm0udk ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzm azG&Sm pdppfí ygVdudkxdk;xGif;í odaomÓPf? taMumif;w&m;udk &SmazGppf aq;odwwfaomÓPf/ (3) ed ½ k w d å y #d o rd Ç ' gÓPf =bmompum;wnfaqmufrI o'´gpnf; urf;enf;vrf;wdkYudk xdk;xGif;í odaomÓPf/ (4) y#dbmey#dordÇ'gÓPf=tw¬? "r®? ed½kwdåy#dordÇ'goHk;rsKd;udk ydkif;jcm; pdwfjzmtus,fa0zefum odaomÓPfwdkYjzpfygonf/

y#d o rd Ç ' gÓPf a v;yg;wd k Y \ rS w f z G , f & mrsm; (1) tw¬ y #d o rd Ç ' gÓPf ü tw¬ u m; (u) taMumif;aMumihfjzpforQaomtusKd;/ (c) edAÁmef/ (*) o'´g\teuf/ (C) 0dyguf/ (i) Bud,mþig;yg;jzpfonf/ þig;yg;aom tw¬udkxdk;xGif;í razmufrjyefydkif;jcm;pdwfjzm um odwwfaomÓPfudk tw¬y#dordÇ'gÓPf[kac:qdkygonf/ (2) "r® y #d o rd Ç ' gÓPf ü "r® u m;(5)rsKd ; &S d \ / (u) tusKd;udkjzpfapwwfaomtaMumif;/ (c) t&d,mr*f/ (*) o'´g/ (C) ukokdvf/ (i) tukokdvf/ þ"r®(5)rsK;d wdu Yk kd xd;k xGi;f írazmufrjyef a0zefyikd ;f jcm;odwwf aomÓPfudk "r®y#dordÇ'gÓPf[kqdkygonf/ (3) ed ½ k w d å y #d o rd Ç ' gÓPf ü ed ½ k w d å u m; tw¬? "r®(2) yg;udk zGihfqdk&Sif;jywwfaom rm*"bmom o'´g jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tvHk;pkH&SdorQaom bmompum;wdkY\ o'´gjzpfonf/ xdek ½d w k [ ¬d al om o'´gudk xd;k xGi;f írazmufrjyef a0zefyikd ;f jcm; odwwfaom ÓPfudk ed½kwd¬y#dordÇ'gÓPf[kac:qdkygonf/ (4) y#d b me y#d o rd Ç ' gÓPf ü y#d b me[l o nf tw¬y#dordÇ'gÓPf? "r®y#dordÇ'gÓPf? ed½kwd¬y#dordÇ'g ÓPf [laom txufü azmfjycJhaom ÓPfoHk;rsKd;yifwnf;/ xdkÓPfoHk;yg;udk tm½Hk? udpö? vu©P? &oponfwdkY\ tpGrf; tm;jzihf xdk;xGif;í razmufrjyef ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzm tus,fw0ihf odwwf aomÓPfudk y#dbmey#dordÇ'gÓPf[kac:ygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf txufygÓPfoHk;yg;taygif;udk tus,fjyefíodaom ÓPf[kqdkvdk onf/ pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y