DV22-09 by Thomas Winn

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

jrefrmha&ajrESihf udkvdkeDacwf Ak'¨bmomtajctae &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k )

jrefrmEkdifiHonf awmifESihfajrmuf tvsm;&Snfaom EkdifiHjzpf\/ EkdifiH\ ta&SUESihf taemuf tus,q f ;kH aomae&mrSm tv,fyikd ;f a'oüom jzpfNyD; jrefrmjynfajrmufydkif;ESihf awmifydkif;wdkYrSmvnf; usOf;ajrmif;vSayonf/ txl;ojzihf awmifbufjzpfaom rkwårauGU tydik ;f onf ydí k usO;f ajrmif;onf/ jrefrmjynf\ t&SnfqHk;tvsm;onf rkdifaygif;(1300) &Sdí tus,q f ;kH teHyikd ;f rSm rdik af ygif;(700)cef&Y o dS nf/ wpfEkdifiHvHk;\ tus,ft0ef;rSm pwk&ef;rdkif aygif; (240000) cefYrQ&Sdí jrefrmjynfonf NAd w d o QuRef ; pk \ yrmPES i h f Ed I i f ; pmaomf NAd w d o QuRef ; \ES p f q rQ&S d í jref r mjynf u NAdwdoQuRef;pkxuf wpfqydkí BuD;ayonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ wnfae&ma'orSm tm&Swdkuf ta&SUawmifydkif;&Sd tif'dkcsKdif;em; uRef;qG,fBuD;\ taemufydkif;wGif wnf&Sday onf/ vwåDwG'f? avmif*sDwG'ftaetm;jzihf qd&k vQif jrefrmEkid if o H nf ajrmufvwåw D 'G (f 10) 'D*&DrS (29)'D*&DtwGif;ESifh ta&SUavmif*sDwG'f (92)'D*&DrS (101)'D*&DtwGif; usa&mufwnf &SdaeaomaMumihf tMurf;tm;jzihf jrefrmEkdifiH onf ajrmufvwåDwG'f(10)'D*&DrS (29)'D*&D twGi;f ESifh ta&SUavmif*sw D 'G (f 92)'D*&DrS (101) 'D*&DtwGi;f usa&mufwnf&adS eaomEkid if w H pfck jzpfayonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwnf&Sdaeaom vwåDwG'f

ESihfavmif*sDwG'frsm;t& tDauGwm\ ajrmuf buf w G i f (23 1^2 )'D * &D t rS w f j yKxm;aom ajrmuf ,OfpGef;wef;onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif Aef;armfNrdKUESihf rEÅav;NrdKUtMum;rS jzwfoef; oGm;aomaMumihf jrefrmEkdifiHonf ]orydkif;Zkef} &yf0ef;ü tcsKdU ]tylydkif;Zkef} &yf0ef;ütcsKdU usa&mufwnf&Sdavonf/ odkY&mwGif ]tylydkif; Zkef} &yf0ef;ü usa&mufaomtydkif;u ]orydkif; Zk e f } &yf 0 ef ; ü usa&muf a omtyd k i f ; xuf yd k r d k u s,f 0 ef ; aomaMumih f jref r mEk d i f i H o nf tylydkif;ZkefwGifwnf&Sd aomEdkifiH[kqdk&rnf jzpfayonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\(e,fowf)e,fedrdwf rsm;rSmtaemufbufü tdEd´,jynfESihf b*Fvm; yifv,fatmf? awmifbufü b*Fvm; yifv,f atmfESihf rkwårauGU? ta&SUbufü w½kwfjynf? vmtdjk ynfEiS fh ,d;k ',m;(xdik ;f )Ekid if ?H ajrmufbuf ü w½kwfjynfrsm;wnf&SdMuonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH e,fpyfwpfavQmufwGifawmifwef;BuD;rsm;ESihf b*F v m;yif v ,f a tmf ork ' ´ & mBuD ; rsm;rS m obm0tavsmuf jrefrmEkdifiH\ e,fpyfpnf; yrmjzpfay:um e,fajrudk ydkif;jcm;ay;xm; onf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ ta&SUbuf? ta&SU ajrmufbuf? taemufajrmufbuf e,fpyf wpfavQmufjzpfay:aeaom xdkawmifwef;BuD; rsm;onf tjcm;wdik ;f jynfrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f jzwfxm;aom e,fowfpnf;½d;k Bu;D yrmjzpfaecJh \/ odkYaomf awmifwef;BuD;rsm;onf BuD;rm; rwfapmufvo S jzihf jynfy&efukd umuG,af y;&m a&mufíaumif;aomfvnf; wpfenf;tm;jzihfrl EkdifiHtcsif;csif; ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,f azmufum;&ef 0ifxGufoGm;vm&ef cufcJaom aMumihf pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? ynma&;? zGHUNzdK;a&; wdk;wufrIrSm taemufEkdifiHrsm;xuf &mpkESpf aygif;rsm;pGmaemufusapcJh&ayonf/ e,fpyfa'owpfavQmufwiG f obm0 t& jzpfay:aecJhaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;ESihf b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfukd a&S;tcgu vlom;rsm; ul;oef;oGm;vmjcif;jyKí r&aom e,fowf (e,fpyf) rsOf;tppf[kxifum ul;oef;oGm;vm rIjyKjcif; tvGefenf;cJh\/ odkYaomfaemiftcg

jzpfaom,aeYtcsdefwGifrl aMumufrufzG,f b*F vm;yifv,fatmfBu;D udk {&mryifv,fu;l oabFmBuD;rsm;ESihfjzwfoef;oGm;vm0HhcJhMuNyD; jrefrmEkdifiH\ yifv,fqdyfurf;aumif;aom &efukefNrdKUBuD;onf jrefrmEkdifiH\ wHcg;rBuD; ozG,fjzpfvmcJhavNyD/ xdkYtjyif jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;okdY {&m 0wDjrpfvrf;rSjzpfap? oHvGifjrpfvrf;rSjzpfap obm0tm;jzihf 0ifxGufoGm;vmEkdifcJhNyDjzpf\/ xdkenf;wl jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; jrpful;acsmif;ul; wHwm;BuD;i,f tpif;aygif; (400)ausmfwdk;csJU wnfaqmufjcif;ESihf um;vrf;? &xm;vrf;udkyg wd k ; csJ U wnf a qmuf c J h N yD ; jzpf a v&m jref r m jynfwGif; jynfy ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,f oGm;vma&;rSm vG,fulacsmarGUcJhNyD; a'oEÅ& A[kokwrsm;udkvnf; rsufjrifvufawGU&SmrSD; enf;,lEkdifcJhMuavNyD/ jrefrmEkid if u H kd pkpnf;wnfaxmifcMhJ u aom rif;w&m;BuD;oHk;yg;um; jrefrmEkdifiH twG u f a us;Zl ; BuD ; rm;vS y g\/ od k Y a omf taemufEkdifiHom;rsm; av,mOfysHvkyfwwf aecsdef? tPkjrLAHk;vkyfwwfaecsdef? armfawmf um;ESihf puf,EÅ&m;vkyfwwfaecsdeftxdawmh obm0tydkif;tjcm;twm;tqD; cHae&qJ jzpfonfh jrefrmEkid if o H m;wdYk Ekid if w H umoGm;vrf; ydwfaeMuaomaMumihf A[kokwtMum;tjrif? tawGUtBuKH enf;yg;um oDaygrif;vufxufrmS t*FvdyfuRefjzpfMu&avonf/ wpfenf;ajym&vQif jrefrmEkdifiH\ e,fpyfwpfavQmufwGif jrifhrm;rdkYarmufaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;ESihf aMumufrufzG,faumif; aom b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfork'´&mBuD;&Sdae aomaMumihfvnf; jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;wdkYonf a&S ; ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m uyif ywf 0 ef ; usif & S d wdkif;jynfrsm;ESihf pD;yGm;ukefoG,fa&mif;0,foGm; vmcGihf r&cJhMuay/ xkdYaMumihfjrefrmvlrsKd; wdkif;&if;om;wdkYonf EkdifiH&yfjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm; od k Y oG m ;a&muf a exd k i f a vh r &S d a cs/ rd r d w d k Y wdik ;f jynftwGi;f üom arGUavsmaf ysmyf u kd af ecJMh u \/ þod k Y a exd k i f E k d i f M uonf r S m vnf ; jrefrmEdkifiHonf ajrMoZmaumif;rGefí vlrsm;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

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&Srf;ukef;jyifjrifhwGifaexdkifMuonf/ aemufqHk;a&mufvmaom vlrsKd;um; ucsiv f rl sK;d jzpfonf/ ucsiv f rl sK;d wdo Yk nf jrefrm Ek d i f i H \ ta&S U wH c g;ES p f c k ü aeMuonf / ajrmufbuf[l;aumif;awmifMum;t&yfwGif aexdik Mf uaom &Sr;f vlrsK;d wdYk &Sr;f uke;f jyifjrihw f iG f aexdkifMuaom &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;ESihf wpfae&mpD uGu J mG aeMu&onfrmS ucsiv f rl sK;d rsm;u &Sr;f vl rsKd;wdkYaexdkifNyD; t&yfa'orsm;udk csif;eif;xdk; azmuf0ifa&mufaexdik cf ahJ omaMumihjf zpfonf/ &cdkifvlrsKd;wdkYonfum; &cdkifurf; ajrmifa'owpfavQmufü aexdkifMuNyD; tdE´d, ES i h f rl v uyif u l ; vl ; quf q H r I & S d M uonf / &Srf;ukef;jyifjrifh\ ta&SUbufrSmum; uGrf;vHk (odkYr[kwf) usKdif;wHkvrf;jzihf0ifa&mufvmMu aom yavmifwkdif;&if;om;ESifh tjcm;vlrsKd; tenf;i,f aexdik v f su&f adS vonf/ ,ckazmfjy cJah om jrefrmEkid if H yx0Dajrjyif taetxm;ESifh xif&Sm;aom vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;rSm udkvdkeD acwfOD; umvrS udkvdkeDacwf ae0if½dk;&Dtcsdef 1931 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH taMumif; wpfpdwf wpfa'o jzpfygonf/ xdkpOftcg t*Fvdyf tpdk;&onf jrefrmEkdifiHudk wdkif;BuD;(7)wdkif;SEihf jynfe,f wpfck wdkYudk owfrSwfjy|mef;um tkyfcsKyfcJhMu avonf/ xdkwdkif;BuD;(7)wdkif;ESifh jynf e ,f w pf c k tjzpf o wf r S w f c H & aom a'owdkYrSm.... 1/ &cdik w f ikd ;f ? 2/ yJc;l wdik ;f 3/ {&m0wD wdkif;? 4/ weoFm&Dwdkif;? 5/ rauG;wdkif;? 6/ rEÅav;wdik ;f ? 7/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f wdjYk zpfNy;D jynfe,f taejzihf &Srf;jynfe,fwpfckom todtrSwfjyK NyD;jrefrmEkdifiHudk wdkif;(7)wdkif; jynfe,fwpfck jy|mef;um t*Fvdyftpdk;&u tkyfcsKyfcJh&av onf/ udkvdkeDacwfAk'¨bmomtajctae 1/ &cdkifwdkif; Ak'b ¨ mom0if 653699/ ewfu;kd uG,f ol 78702/ [d E ´ L bmom0if 18350/ r[maA'ifbmom0if 255469/ c&pf,mef bmom0if 1884/ 2/ yJcl;wdkif; Ak'¨bmom0if 2022479/ ewfudk; uG,fol 32303/ [dE´Lbmom0if 2822430/ r[maA'ifbmom0if 116082/ c&pf,mef bmom0if 77773/ 3/ {&m0wDwdkif; Ak'¨bmom0if 2095170/ ewfudk; uG,fol 20467/ [dE´Lbmom0if 67106/

r[maA'ifbmom0if 45797/ c&pf,mef bmom0if 105691/ 4/ weoFm&Dwdkif; Ak'b ¨ mom0if 179255/ ewfu;kd uG,f ol 60577/ [dE´Lbmom0if 82812/ r[m aA'ifbmom0if 75659/ c&pf,mefbmom 0if 73131/ 5/ rauG;wdkif; Ak'¨bmom0if 1493662/ ewfudk; uG,fol 193337/ [dE´Lbmom0if 17570/ r[maA'ifbmom0if 9938/ c&pf,mefbm om0if 5796/ 6/ rEÅav;wdkif; Ak'¨bmom0if 1575157/ ewfudk; uG,o f l 7674/ [dEL´ bmom0if 42793/ r[m aA'ifbmom0if 53375/ c&pf,mefbmom 0if 13700/ 7/ ppfudkif;wdkif; Ak'¨bmom0if 1711689/ ewfudk; uG,fol 127708/ [dE´Lbmom0if 32855/ r[maA'ifbmom0if 21074/ c&pf,mef bmom0if 210014/ 8/ &Srf;jynfe,f Ak'¨bmom0if 1206926/ ewfudk; uG,fol 242465/ [dE´Lbmom0if 27036/ r[maA'ifbmom0if 7445/ c&pf,mefbm om0if 32116 ponfwdkYjzpfonf/ þpm&if ; Z,m;rS m 1931 ck E S p f ü aumuf,lcJhaom oef;aumifpm&if;rS aumuf EIwfjyKpkxm;aom Ak'¨bmom0if ewfudk;uG,f olrsm;? [dE´Lbmom0if? r[maA'ifbmom0if c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkY\ tiftm; pm&if; jzpf a yonf / xd k p m&if ; t& Ak ' ¨ b mom0if tiftm;rSm 12348037 OD;/ ewfudk;uG,fol tiftm;rSm 584839 OD;/ c&pf,mefbmom0if tiftm;rSm 330106 OD; &SdMuay&m Ak'¨bmom 0ifaygif; 12oef; oH;k ode;f ausm&f í dS wpfjynfv;kH vlOD;a& (17)oef;om&Sdao;aom jrefrmEkdifiH onf udkvdkeDe,fjzpfcJh&onfhwdkif rdrdwdkY rsKd;½dk; pOfqufAk'¨bmom0g'?udk rrSdwfrokef ,HkMunf pGm udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrINrJcJhMuaom Ak'¨bmom 0if t aygif ; tm; þaqmif ; yg;jzih f *k P f j yK rSww f rf;wiftyfygownf;/ tñTef;- Ä uRefyfwdkYwkdif;jynf Ä yx0D0ifausmif;oHk;pmtkyf Ä 1922 ck? 1931 ckESpf/ Ä aemfrefausmif;q&m OD;yef;&nf &SifÓP(zsmyHk) rEÅav;/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo-oxk H

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) arwå m bm0em (7) rsd K ;tcsKyf arwåmydkYoyHk (7) rsdK;udkNyD; odvG,f atmifeJY tm;vHk;udk pkpnf;NyD; arwåm ydkYEdkifyHkudk azmfjyay;vkdufygw,f/ (1) xd w f v ef Y w wf a om yk x k Z Of aou©y*k Kd¾ vrf sm;? rxdwrf vefw Y wfaom &[EÅm taou© y k * ¾ d K vf r sm;tm;vH k ; ? (wom0g xm0&m0g) (2) jrifzl;aomowå0g? rjrifzl;aom owå0grsm;tm;vHk; ('d|? t'd|) (3) ta0;t&yfaeç teD;t&yfae owå0grsm;tm;vHk; ('la&? t'la&) (4) ,ckb0jzpfNyD; aemifb0opf jzpf&ef uif;jywfNyD;aom &[EÅmt&Sifjrwfrsm;? b0opfrsm;jzpf&ef taMumif;uHu&kd mS azGjyKvyk f avh&Sdaom ykxkZOfaou©yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vHk;? (blwmç orÇa0oD) ('kuenf; 4-enf;) (5) ud k , f c E¨ m &S n f a omowå 0 g? wd k a omowå 0 geJ Y tv,f t vwf & S d a om owå0grsm;tm;vkH;? ('DCmç &o) (6) cE¨mudk,fBuD;rm;aomowå0g? i,f a omowå 0 geJ Y tv,f t vwf & S d a om owå 0 grsm;tm;vH k ; ? (r[EÅ m ? tmPk u mç rZÑd r m)(7) cE¨ m ud k , f q l N zd K ;aomowå 0 g? BuHKvSDao;i,faomowå0geJY tv,ftvwf&Sd aom owå0grsm;tm;vHk;? (xlvmç tPkumç

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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orD;wdkYESihfvnf; tkdatmifrif;atmif aexkdif &NyD; wdkif;jynftusKd;ukd o,fykd;xrf;aqmif oGm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ ,ckrlum; vGefcJhavNyD/ NyD;cJhavNyD/ odkYwapvnf; zcifjzpfol\ trSm; rsKd;? aemifwrsKd;? oHa0*rsKd;ukd orD;jzpfol rBuKH awGU&avatmif zcif\b0oifcef;pmukd ,lí a'gorD;ukd &if0,fryku d af xG;bJ Nird ;f owfypfyg/ rnf o l Y t ay:rQ &ef N iKd ; zG J U ? &ef N iKd ; rxm;bJ tmCmwçw&m;ukd azsmufzsufarhaysmufypf ygav cspforD;/ azaz *VKefOD;apm/ arwåmw&m;ukd rarG;jrLbJ avmb? a'goESihf tmCmww&m;awGukd arG;jrLcJhwJh *VKefOD;apm[m olarG;jrLrdcJhwJh avmb? a'go ESifh tmCmwçw&m;qk;d awGu olu Y dk aemufq;Hk rSm BuK;d pifxufudk wGe;f ykv Yd u dk v f Ydk b0ukd tcsed f wdw k Ekd iS fh ed*;Hk csKycf &hJ &Smavonf/ avmb? a'go ESihf tmCmwçw&m;awGukd &if0,fydkufcJhwJh OD;apm&JUorkdif;[m tusnf;wef½kyfqkd;cJhovkd olU&JUarwåmw&m;acgif;yg;rIaMumifh jrefrm EkdifiHwkdif;&if;om;wpf&yfvkH;rSm tpm;xkd;r& onhf qkH;½IH;rIBuD;ESihfwuG EkdifiHolEkdifiHom; tm;vkH; ylaqG;aomujzpfcJh&yg\/ twdwfu t&dyfwpfckonf uREkfyfwkdY EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;? urÇmol urÇmom;wdkYtwGuf rarhEkdifp&mjzpfcJh ovdk wkdawmif;vSwJh vlYb0rSm *VKefOD;apmvdk avmb? a'goESihf tmCmwçw&m;awGrxm; rdMuap&ef tvGefyif ta&;BuD;vSyg\/ wpf O D ; wpf a ,muf r S o nf rsm;pG m aom ta&twG u f o d k Y w d k i f a tmif avmb?

a'goESifh tmCmww&m;qk;d awGudk arG;jrLrdMu ygu urÇmBuD;onf t½kyfqkd;tusnf;wefí xdwfvefYaMumuf&GHUzG,f&m tjzpfqkd;rsm;ESihf BuKHawGUae&ayawmhrnf/ pma&;olonf urÇm Bu;D Nird ;f csr;f om,mvSyapzkYd arwåmw&m;onf omvQif t"dujzpfonf[k ajymqkda&;om;jcif; rSm pum;BuD; pum;us,fajymqkda&;om;jcif; rsKd; r[kwfyg/ taMumif ; onf u m; urÇ m ajrBuD ; ay:wGif jrefrmEkdifiHonfvnf; yg0ifaejcif; aMumifhjzpfyg\/ jrefrmjynfrSmarG;? jrefrmha& rSm BuD;jrihfcJhwJh pma&;olonf urÇmBuD;wpfck vkH;ukd Nidrf;csrf;om,mapcsifwm jrefrmvlrsKd; wdkY&JU t½kd;cHpdwf"gwfaMumifhyif r[kwfygvm;/ arwåmw&m;ukd vufuidk x f m; usio fh ;Hk wJh jrefrm jynfom;awG[m jrefrmEkdifiHawmfBuD; Nidrf;csrf; om,maewmukd jrifcsifMuovkd urÇmBuD; wpfckvkH;ukdvnf; Nidrf;csrf;om,mpGm jrifawGU csif M uayvd r f h r nf / od k Y y gí pma&;ol o nf jrefrmjynfomrubJ urÇmBuD;Nidrf;csrf;apzkdY twGufyga&;om;&jcif;jzpfyg\/ wpfEidk if EH iS w fh pfEidk if H ppfyaJG wGjzpfymG ; &jcif;\t"dutcsufrSm arwåmw&m;ukd rarG; jrLMubJ avmb? a'goESihf tmCmww&m; awGukdom arG;jrLMuvdkY ppfrufjzpfyGm;&jcif; jzpfyg\/ urÇmajray:rSm wnf&SdMuwJh EkdifiH toD;oD;[m Nird ;f csr;f om,mwJEh idk if aH wG jzpfcsif ygw,fqkd&if EkdifiHtoD;oD;rSm aexkdifMuwJh vlrsKd;wdkif; vlrsKd;wdkif;[m arwåmw&m;ukd

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ xm0pOf a&S;½IyGm;rsm;NyD; aexkdifMu&ayvdhrf rnf/ xko d aYkd exkid yf grS acwfrzD UHG NzK;d wk;d wufaom EkdifiHawmfBuD;awG ay:xGufvmrSmjzpfyg\/ wpfEkdifiHESihfwpfEkdifiH wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; arwåm w&m;qdwfokOf;NyD; avmb? a'gow&m;awG Bu;D pd;k vmygu tMurf;zufraI wG ydrk rdk sm;jym;vm NyD; vlom;awG aoaMuysufpD;jcif;ESihf BuKHawGU &ayvdrhfrnf/ xkduJhodkY rjzpfMuap&ef vGefcJh aom omoemawmfEpS f (2550) ausmu f mvu jzpf & yf w pf c k u k d owd j yKrd M uap&ef azmf j y a&;om;ygrnf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif oufawmfxif&Sm; &S d p Of t cgu om0w¦ d j ynf B uD ; &S i f yaoe'D aumovrif;Bu;D onf jrwfpmG bk&m;&SiEf iS w fh uG oHCmawmft&SifoljrwfawG eef;awmfxJodkY &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifpGm 0ifxGufoDwif;okH;aeapvkd aomaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ aqGawmf rsKd;awmfrsm;xJrS omuD0ifrif;orD;wpfOD;ukd tvkd&Sdí uyÜdv0wfjynfBuD;&Sif r[memrrif; BuD;xHü omuD0ifrif;orD;wpfOD;udk rdzk&m; ajr§muf&ef wrefapvTwfí awmif;cHcJhygonf/ 'DtcgrSm igwdt Yk rsK;d eJw Y rl QaomtrsK;d onf r&Sv d Ykd ZmwdaoG; ZmwdrmefaxmifvTm;wwf<uaom omuD0ifrsKd; r[memrrif;BuD;[m olY&JU uRefr wpfOD;u zGm;jrifwJh 0gobcwåd,mtrnf&Sd owkdYorD;i,fukd omuD0ifrif;orD;vkdY vdrfnm NyD; ydkYqufapcJhw,f/ yaoe'D a umovrif ; BuD ; vnf ; ES p f o uf a wmf r l a omaMumif h uRef r &J U orD ; 0gobcwåd,mukd rdzk&m;ajr§mufí bdoduf oGe;f avmif;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/ xk0d gobcwå, d m rdzk&m;rSm rMumjrihfrDtcsdefrSmyJ a&Ttqif;ESifh wlaom om;ukd zGm;jrifav\/ xkdrif;om;av; ukd yaoe'Daumovrif;Bu;D onf tbk;d jzpfol r[memrrif ; BuD ; xH o d k Y omuD 0 if r if ; orD ; 0gobcwå, d monf om;&wemudk zGm;jrifonf jzpfí xkdom;i,ftm; trnfay;&ef wref apvTwcf ahJ y\/ r[memrrif;Bu;D vnf; owif; pum;ukdMum;&aomtcgrSm 0gobcwåd,m onf om;ukd rzGm;jrifaomfrS tvkH;pkHaomvl wdkYukd ESdyfpufn§if;yef; n§Kd;EGrf;aompdwfESvkH; &Sdatmifyif jzpfacsao;\/ ,cktcg om;ukd zGm;jrif&müum; rif;Bu;D tm; tvGeyf if uRr;f 0if jcif ; jzpf a yvwå H U [k q k d \ / xk d p um;uk d Mum;aom em;qGHUaomwreftrwf[m 0v’b qkad om pum;ukd em;Mum;vGNJ y;D 0d##Lb [laom trnfukd ay;tyfvkdufw,fqkdNyD; yaoe'D aumov rif;BuD;ukd jyefvnfavQmufwif

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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]]ight&Si?f oifonf tjypfut dk jypf[jk rifí? w&m;tm;avsmpf mG ukpm;ayaomaMumifh? oif\tjypfukd igwkdYcH,l onf;cHMuygonf}} [k tjypf r S cG i f h v T w f & ef 0ef c suef a wmh M uyk H ajymqkd&m\/ jrefrmpum;jzifhvnf; ]]cGifhvTwfauseyfygonf}}[k ajymqkd r,SH(ypö,H) crx= tuRefyf\ tjypfukd onf;cHcGifhvGwfawmf EkdifMuygonf/ rlyg&ef0efcsuefawmhyg\ t&Sifbk&m;/ ]]igh&Sif oif\tjypftm;vkH;ukd igauseyfonf;cHyg\/ aemif (tH? 3? |? 191) þuJhokdYrjzpf&ef a&SmifMuOfygav/ tjypfuif;pGm csrf;csrf;omomaeyg avmh ...}} ponfjzifhvnf; cGifhvTwfajymqkdEkdifMuygonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;tm;vnf;aumif;? &[ef;omraPponftm;vnf;aumif; 0efcsawmif;yefuefawmhyHk tjypf w k d Y r S yaysmuf c srf ; omMu&yk H ]]tpö a ,m rH baEÅ tpö * rm? ,xmAmvH ,xmrk V H ? wó o[ crmyaee wH u r® H y guwd u ar0a[mwd / ,xm tuk o vH ? a,m[H { 0 rumo rumodd H ? wóar (tH? 3? |-191) baEÅ ta,sm? tpö , H t pö , awm? y#d * ¾ P S m wk xkdjypfrSm;aomol uefawmh0efcsonfESifh wpfNydKifeufomvQif tm,w tm,wdd H oH 0 &m, ....}} jypfrSm;xm;aomuHonf rjypfrSm;rDuuJhokdY yuwdtwkdif;omvQif? yaysmuf Nidrf;csrf;oGm;onfomvQif jzpfav\/ ]]t&Sifbk&m; ...? rkdufrJawGa0 rvdr®monfhtm;avsmfpGm? a'gaoe[d 'k a |m rmwmyd w l o k y d ? tjypfonf wynfah wmftay:ü vTr;f rk;d zdp;D ESyd pf ufí aeygNyb D &k m;.../ apwD a ,yd aAm"d r S d y d yAÁ Z Æ d a wok y d ? wynfhawmfonf? t&Sifbk&m;tay:ü þuJhokdYaom? um,uH? 0pDuH? ty&ZÑd w G m r,S H c rxmwd tpö , H ? raemuHwkdYjzifh usL;vGefrItjypfukd jyKrdcJhyg\ bk&m;/ t&Sifbk&m;/ a'owd wó o[ crmyaeewH ? t&Sijf rwfonf? wynfah wmf\ tjypfudk tjypftaejzif?h aemifa&SmifMuOf ur®Hyguwdu ar0a[mwd/ / Ekid &f eftvkiYd mS ? onf;cHciG v hf w T af wmfryl g&ef awmif;yef0efcsuefawmhyg\ (tH-3? |-191) t&Sifbk&m; . . .}} cifarmifrkd;(awmifBuD;) wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h awmif ; yef u ef a wmh & ef ]]t&Sifjrwfbk&m;/ apwDawmfjrwfbk&m;/ ½kyfyGm;awmfjrwf

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

tarha<u;ausapzkYd Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf )

rd b jypf r S m ;tjypf r sm; 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/

ajrrsKdcH&jcif; rdausmif;udkufcH&jcif; usm;udkufcH&jcif; bDvl;zrf;pm;cH&jcif; avSepfcH&jcif; &l;oGyfjcif; aoG;tefjcif; rdk;BudK;ypfcH&jcif; xdkYtjyif rk*yu©Zmwfüvmaom pum;&yfudk tjyeftm;jzihf tjypfq,frsKd;&Sdav\/ 1/ tpm;tpm&Sm;yg;jcif; 2/ oGm;av&m&mü ylaZmfcsD;ajr§mufrprIudk rcH&jcif; 3/ rif;? olc;kd ? 'jrwdrYk xDrjhJ rif n§i;f qJc&H jcif;? &efou l kd rausmv f eG f Ekdifjcif;/ 4/ y&dowftv,f rsufESmi,f romr,m r&Tifrjyae&jcif; 5/ raumif;owif;ysUH ESUH jcif; 6/ pnf;pdrftNcHt&HNydKuGJjcif; 7/ usufoa&r&Sdjzpfum rwihfw,fjcif; 8/ qif? jrif;? uRJ? EGm;? tvkyform;? rsKd;aphoD;ESHysufpD;jcif; 9/ awmifacsmufurf;yg; opfyifponfwrYkd S usaomf aqmufwnf &mr&jcif; 10/ rdom;pktodkufttHkysufpD;&jcif; xdkYtjyif ypöKyÜefwGifvnf; tjypfq,frsKd; wpfrsKd;jzpfwwfav &m\/ 1/ jyif;xefaoma0'emcHpm;&jcif; 2/ ypönf;OpömqHk;½HI;jcif; 3/ udk,ft*FgysufpD;jcif; 4/ BuD;aomtemuyfa&mufjcif; 5/ pdwfysHUvGihfjcif; 6/ rif;ab;rif;'Pfoihfjcif; 7/ tjypfBuD;av;aomtrIjzihf pGyfpGJcH&jcif; 8/ rSDcdktm;xm;&maqGrsKd;(rdwfaqG)ysufpD;&jcif; 9/ pnf;pdrfOpömazmufjyef,dk,Gif;ysufpD;&jcif; 10/ ae&mtdrf taqmufttHk rD;avmifcH&jcif; xdt Yk jyif rdbjypfrmS ;olrsm;tm; tjypftusK;d rsm;pGmyif&adS v\/ udk,fxdvufa&muftZmwowfwdkYvdk rdbowfu w&m;r&Ekdifjcif; aovQif tyg,fav;yg;odkY a&muf&jcif;rsm;pGm &Sdayao;\/

aqmif - rd b jypf r S m ;tusKd ; rdbwdkYtm;? jypfrSm;wHkx? rdk;ay:vudk? pdwfujiLpl? ypfaomjrL onf? ypfolodkYom? usa&mufvmodkY? rSefpGmtNyD;? aemufydk;pD;vsuf ajrBuD;rdk;a&Smif;? rdausmif;? opfusm;? zrf;pm;bDvl;? a&ul;avSarSmuf? pdwfaemufaoG;tef? pufjyefrdk;BudK; jypf&SpfrsKd;ESifh vTrf;rdk;jyif;pGm? a0'em BuD;rm;? avsmhyg;pnf;pdrf? aetdrfrD;avmif? ukefatmfusrf;ouf usKd;ysuf t*Fg? Elempdwfazmuf usa&mufrif;'PfrrSefpGyfpGJ? NydKuGJrsKd;aqG? a&TaiG uRJEGm;? ,Gif;azmufjym;í? om;qufq,fyg;? rsufarSmuf'PfBuD;tNyD; a&mufí aemuf ütNrJ aoazmufvJaomf i&JBuD;pGmvm;zdkY&m\/ (refvnfq&mawmf) t&Sifarm*¾vmeftavmif;onf wpfcsdefu wpfckaom b0 0,f r,m;rdkuf\pum;udk ,HkMunfum rsufpdrjrifMuaom rdcif zcif wdu Yk kd vSn;f ay:odw Yk ifac:oGm;um awmtv,fwiG f rdbwdu Yk kd vlq;kd rsm; [efaqmifí ½dkufESufav\/ rdbrsm;u om;vGwaf tmifajy;zd&Yk efom [pfatmfiakd <u;vsuf om;a&vGwfatmifajy;ygawmh? vGwfatmifajy;ygawmh[k atmf[pfukef Mu\/ rdbrsm;udk ½dkufykwfíawmtkyfü ypfxm;cJhavonf/ rdrdum; ZeD;r,m;&Sd&modkY jyefvm\/ tarhom;um; arhvsufrbufygcJh\/ rbufvdkufawmh rdkuf bufygjzpf&av\/ ol\tarhw&m;aMumihf rdbwdkYtay: rodum ½dkuf ESufjypfrSm;av\/ rdbwdkYum; tarhom;tay: rarhíom tarhom; tm; tajy;cdkif;yg\/þodkYjzpf&jcif;rSm arhavsmhaom yrm'w&m;u jrpfzsm;cHvm&acs\/ r,m;awGUtm½Hkudk arharhBuD;cHpm;&mrS tarhtm½Hk udkrufí trdkufom;jzpf&\/ trdkufom;jzpfí tartazudk ½dkufvm; ESufvm;jzpfoGm;&av\/ t&S i f a rm*¾ v mef t avmif ; onf þraumif ; rI u H a Mumih f aoonf \ tjcm;rJ h ü t0D p d i &J o d k Y usa&muf u m wpf o d e f ; ru rsm;pGmaom ESpfwdkYywfvHk; cHpm;&avonf/ t0Dpdi&JrS vGwfajrmufNyD; aemuf b0aygif;wpf&m þenf;wlpGm cdk;om;wdkY\ towfudkcH&av\/ aemufqHk;b0 t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&f &[EÅm jrwfjzpfcJhaomfvnf; olcdk;wdkY\ vufcsufjzihfyif y&dedAÁmefpH&av\/ þüum; tarhom;rsm; tar(taz)rsm;udk arhrdkufvsuf usL;vGerf u I aH Mumihf tyg,fav;yg;[laom tarhorm;rsm;\ ud, k yf ikd t f rd f (tarhtdrf)odkY cH&NrJomwnf;/ tyg,fav;yg;onf arharhavsmhavsmh aygYaygYqqaeaom tarom;rsm;\ ud, k yf ikd t f rd jf zpf\/ tcsed rf a&G;oGm;a&mufaexdik Ef idk \ f / 0ifxGufoGm;vmEkdif\/ tyg,fav;yg;onf tarhom;wdkY\ taysmfqHk; taetMumqHk;tdrfjzpf\/

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ þtwl tm½Hk[lorQudk arharhBuD;cHpm;aeol tarhom;rsm; onf arhBudKufBudKufjcif;? arhrkef;rkef;jcif;? arhrdkufrdkufjcif;wdkYjzpfay:vm acs\/ Ä tarhtBuKd uq f v kd Qif tarhtrd t f yg,f av;yg;Nyw d må b0 (tol &um,f)odkY Ä tarhrkef;qdkvQif tarhtdrf tyg,fav;yg; i&JcHb0odkY Ä tarhrdkufqdkvQif tarhtdrftyg,fav;yg; wd&pämefb0odkY þodkYvQif tarhorm;wdkY\ tarhtdrfütdyfem;ae&ef tcef;cGJ rsm;omwnf;/ arholwdkYcH&mtdrfwnf;/ tarhom;rsm;onf tarhtdrfxHjyef&NrJomwnf;? tarhtdrf tyg,fav;yg;onf tarhom;\ rdciftarhtdrfodkYom tcsdefra&G; 0if xGufoGm;vmEkdif\/ tpfudk\nDwpfa,mufonf r&D;ESihf(tudkZeD;)ESihf azmufjyef usL;vGefae\/ r&D;uvnf; rwfudkcifyGef;xufjrwfEdk;aeonfhtwGuf cifyGef;udk towfcdkif;\/ tpu vufrcHaomfvnf; Mumvmaomtcg wGif rwf(nD)onf tudkudkowfjzpfawmh\/ cifyGef;onf ZeD;tay:ü tawGUtm½Hkrsm;ESihf arharhBuD;cHpm;cJh\/ jrwfEdk;aecJh\/ pGJvef;aecJh\/ ZeD;uvnf; wpfcsdefu qGJtm;omomcJh\/ ZeD;tay: tpGJemcJh\/ cifyGef;onfaoNyD;awmh r tm½Hkudk tarhBudKufpGJaMumifh tJ'D tdrrf mS yJa`rjG zpfae&onf/ tyg,fav;yg; tarhtrd ?f rdcifcE¨m? tarhtrd f rdrd\ arhojzihf tarhcE¨mtdrfodkY a&muf&jcif;aywnf;/ a`rGb0a&muf aomfvnf; olZY eD;tm; wyfrufw, G w f m aeonft h wGuf tdrt f rd;k ay:u ZeD;rde;f rtay: a`ru G olu Y o kd l ypfcsaeawmh\/ 'Dawmh ZeD;rde;f r uvnf; cifyGef;a[mif;jzpfrSmyJqdkum a`rGudkowfypfapjyefonf/ a`rGb0aojyefawmhvnf; tcspfurjy,fao;í tJ'DtdrfrSmyJ acG;jzpf&&Smavw,f? acG;b0a&mufawmhvJ cspfaZmpdwfu rjy,fí ZeD;rdef;raemufudkwaumufaumufeJY vdkufaejyefonf/ rcGJEkdifrcGm&uf jzpfNyD; awmxJoGm;vJvdkufwmbJ 'Dawmh wpfcg 'DacG;udk owfcdkif;vdkuf jyefonf/ acG;b0u aoawmhvnf; tcspaf Zmu rjy,fao;í tJ't D rd f rSmyJ EGm;av;jyefjzpf&avonf/ EGm;jzpfawmhvnf; tJ'Drdef;raemuf waumufaumufvu kd af ejyefonf/ xdrk ed ;f rvnf; EGm;uav;udk owfcikd ;f vdu k jf yefonf/ EGm;uav;b0aoawmh ZeD;a[mif;tay: cspfpdwfurjy,f ao;í xdkrdef;r\ 0rf;tdrfrSm y#doaE¨wnfvsuf tarhom;jzpf& avonf/ ZeD;tm½Hkudk arharhBuD;cHpm;vsuf pGJrufcJhaomtarhom;onf b0jcm;aomfvnf; tarhtm½HktBudKufpGJum raysmufjzpfae\/ tarh cE¨mtdrf&av\/ xdktarhom;tm; tBudrfBudrfowfíaoygaomfvnf; tarhBudKufum; pGJvsufyg/ odkYjzpfí aemufqHk;wGif arharhBuD;cHpm;&m ZeD;tarhcE¨mtdrüf tarhom;cE¨mtjzpf 0ifa&muf&avonf/ umr*kPf tarhusufpm;&m ZeD;onfyifvQif tarjzpfvm&awmhonf/

arG;vmNyD;aemuf 'Drdef;r\ apckdif;csufjzihf av;b0wdkifwdkif aocJ&h wmawGukd jyefvnfatmufarhEidk w f hJ Zmwdó&ÓPfukd &aeonfh twGuf 'Dvdk&efolrdef;r0rf;xJrSmjzpfrSjzpf&avjcif;vkdY qifjcifNyD; tvGef pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfaew,f/ xdkYaMumihf xdk&efolrdcif\ vufeJYawmh txdrcHbl;? om;om; qdkwmeJY aMumuf&GHUaeNyD vufeJYxdwmawmif tjyif;txefidkavonf/ þwpfcgawmh tarhpdwf? tarhpum; tarhudk,frsm;udkawmh aMumufavNyDjzpf\/ xdkuav;\ tahrtm; aMumufouJhodkYyif tarh om;rsm;vnf; tarhw&m;aMumufz&Ykd ef aumif;acsNy/D þuav;\ tar onfum; av;b0omowfcJh\/ tarhom;rsm;\ tarhw&m;rsm;um; b0rsm;pGmowfcNhJ yrD [kwyf gvm;/ xdu k av; taraMumufjcif;xuf ydí k ydkí aMumufzdkYaumif;acsonf/ tarhudkaMumufaom uav;tm; tbdk;tbGm;rsm;u jyKpk apmihfa&SmufcJh&onf/ t&G,fa&mufvmaomtcgus ar;Muojzihf tm;vHk;udkajymjyav\/ tbdk;onf taMumif;pHkodí idk,dkNyD;awmhuav;udkzufum vmyg igYajr; igwdkY'Dt&yfrSm raeawmhbl;qdkum xGufoGm;av\/ ausmif;wdkufwpfckodkYoGm;NyD;vQif tbdk;ESihfajr;wdkY &Sif&[ef;jyK Muavonf/ aemiftcgwGif rarhaom 0dyóemw&m;rsm; tm;xkwfMu vsuf ajr;tzdk;ESpfa,mufvHk; &[EÅmjzpfoGm;Muavonf/ þütm½HkcHpm; tarhom;rsm;onf arharhBuD; cHpm;í tarh BudKuf? tarhrkef;? tarhrdkufrsm;aMumihfyif tarhtdrf tyg,fav;yg;ESihf arhcJh&m ZeD;\tm½HktarhtdrfodkY tarhcE¨m&vdkufjcif;jzpfavonf/ tarhom;uav;b0a&mufvm&mü &efol tarudk aMumuf í tarh\txdrcHjzpfcNhJ y;D aemif&[ef;jyKcsed w f iG f ocFg&wdüYk tarhw&m; rsm;udkaMumufum rarhw&m;jzihf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfojzifh &[EÅmjzpf& avonf/ &[EÅmjzpfNyD;aemufwGif tarhom;rsm;tzdkY tarhcE¨mtdrf r& Ekid af wmhyg/ tarh0rf;tdrv f nf; r0if&awmhyg/ tarhtrd af v;yg;udk xm;OD; awmh oH;k q,fw h pfb&kH dS tarhcE¨mrsm;udyk if b,faomtcgrS r0if&awmh NyD/ tarhcE¨m[lorQ tarhyrm'w&m;u pavaomaMumihf tarh r&SdygvQif tarhtdrfrsm;r&Sdí tocFw"mwf arG;aovGwf&medAÁmefodkY omcdk0ifem;&awmhrnfomwnf;/ tm½Hu k kd arharhBu;D cHpm;aeMuoltm; tyg,fav;yg;onf tarh orm;tdrfomwnf;/ uHaumif;axmufrí vlb0&cJhjim;aomfvnf; arhaeoltzdkY tyg,fav;yg;odkY jyef&NrJomwnf;/ tjcm ; (31)bHkodkY tm;vH k ; pH k a tmif ra&muf z l ; Muayr,f h tyg,f a v;bH k o d k Y u m; ra&mufbl;ol r&Sd cJhay/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf oHo&mwpfavQmufvHk; rSm tarhw&m;u aeom;wus aygif;oif;aeaomaMumihfomjzpfonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&

a&;om;jyKpkawmfr

aAm"dyu©, d

THE BODHIPAKKH OR THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORS L by

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag

TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo T p&Pom jynf h p H k u sd K ; þbk&m;omoemtwGi;f ü ,ck&adS eMuukeaf omoltaygif;wdYk wGif tMuifolwdkYonf oDvç orm"d[laom p&PESihf jynhfpHkMuukef\/ ½kyfç emrfç cE¨mwdkYü ÓPf\usufpm;jcif;[laom 0dZÆmrsdK;r&SdMuukef? xdkolwdkYonf p&Pw&m; tm;aumif;vSonhftwGuf aemufbk&m; omoemudk awGUBuKH Muuke\ f / awGUBuKH Muukeaf omfvnf; 0dZmÆ rsKd ;r&So d nhf twG u f aemuf b k & m;w&m;ud k Mum;emaomf v nf ; opö m ÓPf tvif;raygufEdkif Muukef/ igwdkYbk&m;vufxufü vmVK'g,Drax&fç OyeE´rax&fç qAÁ*¾D &[ef;ç aumovrif;BuD; ponfwdkYuJhodkYwnf;/ xd k o l w d k Y o nf 'geç oD v ç p&PES i h f j ynh f p H k c J h M uonh f t wG u f toufxufqHk; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESihf awGUqHk aygif;bufMu&ukef\/ a&S;bk&m;omoemu 0dZmÆ rsKd ;rygcJo h nht f wGuf igwdb Yk &k m;w&m;awmfukd tcgcg Mum;emMuukefaomfvnf; toufxufqHk; uRJyg;apmif;wD;ESifh NyD;&SmMuukef\/ 0d Z Æ m om jynh f p H k u sd K ; tMuifolwdkYonf ½kyfç emrfç cE¨mwdkYü ÓPfusufpm;jcif;[l aom 0dZÆmrsdK;ESifh jynhfpHkMuukef\/ 'gerIç edpö oDvrIç Oaygox oDvrI [laom p&Pw&m; enf;yg;Muukef\/ xdkolwdkYonf 0dZÆmrsdK;&SdMuonhf twGuf aemufbk&m;w&m;udk Mum;emcGihf &Muygukefrlum; opömÓPf tvif;odkY aygufEdkifMuukef&m\/ p&Pw&m; enf;yg;Muukefonhf twGuf aemufbk&m;ESihf awGBuHKMu&ef tcGifhrlum; tvGefcJ,Of;vS ukef\/ tb,fhaMumifhenf;[lrl þbk&m;omoemESihf aemufbk&m; omoemonf tEÅ&uyfBuD;wuyf uGmjcm;vsuf&Sd\/ umrbHküjzpfcJhrl b0aygif; tuka#ru qufvufusiv f nf &vdrOhf ;D rnf/ ,ckb0rSpí aemuf b k & m;vuf x uf w d k i f a tmif tEÅ & uyf B uD ; wuyf y wf v H k ; tuk a #ruaom b0wd k Y ü vl Y & yf ç ewf & G m ok * wd b H k r S m csnf ;

Consequences of Having Carana Only Amongst the persons living within the present Buddha Sa-sana, there are some who are fully endowed with Morality and Concentration, but do not possess the seeds of vijja- (Knowledge), such as Insight into the nature of Material Qualities, Mental Qualities and Constituent Groups of Existence. Because they are strong in carana, they are likely to encounter the next Buddha Sa-sana, but because they lack the seeds of vijja-, they cannot attain Enlightenment, even though they hear the discourse of the next Buddha in person. They are like Laludayi Thera, Upananda Thera, Chabbaggiya bhikkhus, and the King of Kosala, during the lifetime of the Omniscient Buddha. Because they were endowed with the previously accumulated carana, such as almsgiving the Morality, they had the opportuntity to associate with the Supreme Buddha, but since they lacked previously accumulated vijja-, the discourses of the Buddha which they often heard throughout their lives, as it were, fell on dead ears. Of Having Vijja- Only There are others who are endowed with vijja-, such as Insight into the Material and Mental Qualities and the Constituent Groups of Existence, but who lack carana, such as da-na, nicca si la (Permanent Morality) and uposatha s1-la (Precepts observed on Fasting days). Should these persons get the opportunity of meeting and hearing the discourses of the next Buddha, they can attain Enlightenment because they possess vijja-, but since they lack carana, it would be extremely difficult for them to get the opportunity of meeting the next Buddha. This is so because there is an antara-kappa (intervening worldcycle) between the present Buddha Sa-sana and the next. In case these beings wander within the Sensuous Sphere during this period, it means a succession of an infinite number of existences and rebirths, and an opportunity to meet the next Buddha can be secured only if all these rebirths are confined to the Happy Course of Existence. If, in the interim a rebirth occurs in

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

wDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

yu©, d 'DyeD

AKKHIYA DIPANI OR RS LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENT by

aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

Nyo Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. qufvufusifvnfí oGm;EdkifrS aemufbk&m;udk awGUEdkifrnf? pyfMum;ü tyg,fodkY wcsufapmif;í oGm;cJhvQif aemufbk&m;udk awGUEdkifawmh rnfr[kw/f tyg,frnfonf wBudrfuscJhvQif b0toacsF oGm;wwf acsonf/ ,ckb0ü 'gerIenf;yg;í um,uH rvHNk cKH ç 0pDuH aomif;use;f ç raemuHnpfErG ;f í p&Pw&m;enf;yg;aomolwo Ykd nf aoonht f jcm;rJh üyif tyg,fusrItm;BuD;vsuf &SdaeMuukef\/ tcefYawmfí ok*wdb0 odkY a&mufMuygukefaomfvnf; 'ge[laom p&Pw&m; enf;yg;cJhonhf twGuf jzpfav&mb0ü "eOpömcsdKUwJhrIESihf udk,frcsrf;ç pdwfrcsrf; touf arG; Murf;wrf;rI tyg,fvrf;wpfrsdK;ç edpöoDv- OaygoxoDv[l a om p&Pw&m;enf ; yg;cJ h o nh f t wG u f awG U &S d a omol w d k Y E S i h f ckduf&efa'go 0d0g'BuD;yGm; tema&m*grsm;jym;rI tyg,fvrf;wpfrsdK;þodkYaom tjypf a'gowdkYonf b0wkdif;awGUBuHKí txHk0goem tpOfygojzihf ok*wdbHk rSm rsm;pGm qufvufcGifh r&Muukefrlí tyg,fodkYom rMumrDusa&muf Muavukef&maomaMumifh 'geç oDv[laom p&Pw&m; enf;yg;aom olwo Ykd nf aemufb&k m;ESiafh wGUBuKH &ef tcGifhtvGefenf;yg;vsuf &SdMuav ownf;/ vd k & if ; tcsKyf u m; 0dZmÆ rsKd ;ç p&PrsKd ;w&m; 2-yg;ESifh jynhpf o kH rl S aemufb0ü uRwf Edkifonf/ 0dZÆmrsdK;omyg&Sdí 'geç oDv-[laom p&PrsdK; enf;yg;cJhjyef vQif aemufbk&m;omoemESihfyif awGUBuHKcGifhr&Sd? p&PrsdK;omyg&Sdí 0dZmÆ rsKd ;r&Sjd yefvQif aemufb&k m; omoemESiafh wGUBuKH aomfvnf; ruRw&f ? xdkYaMumihf ,cktcgü aemufbk&m;omoemudk arQmfvihfMuukefaom y' y&ryk*¾dKvfwdkYonf þomoemü 'geç oDvç orxç bm0em-[laom p&PrsdK;wdkYudk tm;xkwfqnf;yl;Muí 0dZÆmrsdK;rSmvnf; ,kwfpGtqHk; "mwfBuD;av;ckrQudkaomfvnf; avhvmpGJNrJMuí aemufbk&m;omoem ESihf awGUEdkifMu&efç awGUjyefvQifvnf; uRwfEdkifMu&ef 0dZÆmç p&PrsdK; 2-yg;wdkYudk a,musfm;ç rdef;r rqdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuukef&monf/

one of the Four Lower Regions, the opportunity to meet the next Buddha would be irretrievably lost, for one rebirth in one of the Four Lower Worlds is often followed by an infinite number of rebirths in one or the other of them. Those persons whose acts of da-na (Almsgiving) in this life are few, who are ill-guarded in their bodily acts, unrestrained in their speech, and unclean in their thoughs, and who thus are deficient in carana (Conduct), possess a strong tendency to be reborn in the Four Lower Worlds when they die. If througth some good fortune they manage to be reborn in the Happy Course of Existence, wherever they may be reborn, they are because of their previoous lack of carana such as da-na, likely to be deficient in riches, and likely to meet with hardships, trials, and tribulations in their means of livelihood. and thus encounter tendencies to rebirth in the apa-ya lokas, Because of their lack of the caran.a of nicca sila and uposatha s1la, they are likely to meet with disputes, quarrels, anger and hatred in their dealiings with other persons, in addition to being suceptible to diseases and ailments, and thus encounter tendencies towards rebirth in the apa-ya lokas. Thus will they encounter painful experiences in everye esistence, gathering undersirable tendencies, leading to the curtailment of their period of existence in the Happy Course of Existence and causing rebirth in the Four Lower Worlds. In this way, the chances of those who lack caran.a meeting the next Buddha are very few indeed. The Essential Point In short, the essential fact is, only when one is endowed with the seeds of both vijja- and caran.a can one obtain release from worldly ills in one's next existence. If one possesses the seeds of vijja alone, and lacks the seeds of carana, such as da-na and s1la, one will fail to secure the opportunity of meeting the next Buddha Sa-sana, If, on the other hand, one possesses the seeds of carana but lacks the seeds of vijja-, one cannot attain release from worldly ills even though one encounters the next Buddha Sa-sana. Hence those Padaparama individuals of to-

DHAMMA TALK

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

'geudk p&PqdkonfrSm- p&Pw&m; 15-yg;wGif yg0ifaom olawmfaumif;w&m;ckepfyg;rSm o'¨g-[laom olawmfaumif;w&m;wGif yg0ifavownf;/ p&Pw&m; 15-yg;qdkonfum;oDç £efç abmç Zm? o'fç psmefç jzm? rSwfyg- p&P/ þ 15-yg;udk qdkownf;/ odum;- oDvwnf;/ £efum;- £`E´d,oH0&wnf;/ abmum;- abmZerwånKwmwnf;/ Zmum;- Zm*&d,mEka,m*wnf;/ o'fum;- olawmfaumif;w&m; ckepfyg;wnf;/ psmefum;- yXrpsmefç 'kwd,psmefç wwd,psmefç pwkw¬psmef [laom psmefav;yg;wnf;/ txGwftjrwfjzpfaom psmevmbDyk*¾dKvfwdkYü &tyfaom p&P 15-yg;wnf;/ oku©0dyóu yk*¾dKvfwdkYüum; psmefav;yg;udk csef vSyfí p&P wpfq,hfwpfyg;&\/ aemuf b k & m;ud k arQmf o l r sm; aemufbk&m;omoemudk arQmfvihfMuukefaomolwdkYtm;um;'geç oDvç OaygoxESifh olawmfaumif;w&m; ckepfyg;onf vd&k if;wnf;/ ,ckb0üyif r*fzdkvfudk &vdkaom tm;xkwfaomyk*¾dKvftm; oDç £efç abmç Zmç o'f- [laom a&SUwpfq,hfwpfyg;udk jynhfpHkap&m\/ oDum;- vlwdkYü tmZD0|ru edpöoDvwnf;/ £efum;- £a`E´ 6-yg;udk apmihfxdef;rIwnf;/ abmum;- tpm;tpm tm[m&ü ½l y um, rQwEd k i f ½ H k wkdif;xGmí a&mihf&JrIwnf;/ Zmum;- aeYtcgü tdyjf cif;r&S?d nOft h cgüvnf; nOfo h ;kH ,HwiG f w,HrQtdyfí bm0emw&m;udk tm;xkwfrIwnf;/ o'fum;- o'¨gç owdç [D&dç MowåyÜç A[kópöç 0D&d,ç ynm þ 7 yg;wnf;/ ,ckb0üyif aomwmyefjzpf&ef tm;xkwv f akd omol jzpfcv hJ Qif 'gerIukd tm;xkwzf , G f r&Sv d NS y/D ,ck bk&m;omoemü ygEkid af vmufatmif 0D&d,w&m;udk tm;xkwfEdkif&Sdí aemufbk&m;udk arQmfvihfvsuf&SdolwdkYrSm rlum; 'geç OaygoxrIwdkYudkvnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuavukef/ aemufb&k m;udk ud;k pm;arQmv f ihv f su&f o dS w l rYkd mS rlum;- þbk&m; omoemü 0goembm*Dyg&rDrsdK;wdkYudkom qnf;yl;Mu&ukefonfjzpfí oDvç orm"dç ynm[laom y#dywfusipfh Oftwkid ;f wyg;jynhpf v kH akH vmuf &SdrS wyg;udk usihfrnf[k raeMuukef&m? oDv0dok'¨dç pdwåd0dok'¨dç 'd|d0dok'¨d tp&Sad om 0do'k t d¨ pOftwkid ;f wyg;jynhpf v kH akH vmuf&rdS mS wyg;udu k sirfh nf [k raeMuukef&m? rsdK;rQudk t&,lMu&aom olwdkYjzpfMuí oDvrsdK;udk vnf; ,lEdkiforQ BuHzeftm;xkwfí ,lMuukef&m\/ orm"drsdK;udkvnf; ,lEdkiforQ BuHzeftm;xkwfí ,lMuukef&m\/ ynmrsdK;ç 0dZÆmrsdK;udkvnf; ,lEdkiforQ BuHzeftm;xkwfí ,lEdkifMuukef&m\/

day, be they men or women, who look forward to meeting the next Buddha Sa-sana should attempt to accumulate within the present Buddha Sa-sana. the seeds of carana by the practice of da-na, s1 la and samatha-bhavana (Practice of Calm), and should also, in the least with respect to vijja-, , try to practise insight into the Four Great Primaries, and thus ensure meeting the next Buddha Sasana, and having met it, to attain release from worldly ills. When it is said that da-na is caran.a, it comes under the category of saddha- (Faith), which is one of the saddhammas or practical conduct of good people, which again come under the fifteen carana-dhammas. The fifteen caran.a-dhammas are: 1. S1la-(Morality); 2. Indriyaosamvara___(Guarding the Sense doors); 3. Bhojanemattañña-uta__(Moderation in eating); 4. Ja-,gariyamuyoga __(Wakefulness); 5. 11. Saddhamma__(Then seven attributes of good and virtuous men); 12-15 Four Jhanas__First Jha-na, Second Jha-na, Third Jha-na, and Fourth Jha-na. These fifteen dhammas are the property of the highest jha-nala-bhi (Attainer of Jha-nas). So far as sukkhavipassaka (practising Insight only) individuals are concerned, they should possess the eleven of caran.a dhammas, i.e. withoug the four Jhanas. For those person who look forward to meeting the next Buddha Sasana, da- na, s 1 la uposatha, and the seven saddhammas are the essentials. Those persons who wish to attain the Paths and the Fruits therfore in this very life must fulfil the first eleven caranadhammas, i.e sila, indriyasamvara, bhojanemattannuta, jagariyanuyoga, and the seven saddhammas. Herein, sila means Ajivatthamaka nicca sila (Permanent practise of Morality ending with right livelihood), Indriyasamvara means guarding the six Sense-doors-eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind. Bhojanemattannuta means taking just sufficient food to preserve the balance of the corporeality group in the body and being satisfied therewith, jagariyanuyoga means not sleeping during the day, and sleeping only during one period (of the three periods) of the night, practising bhavana (Mental Concentration) during the other two periods. Saddhamma means: 1. Sa-ddha-__(Faith). 2. Sati_(Mindufulness). 3. Hiri__(Moral Shame). 4. Ottappa__(Moral Dread). 5. Bahusacca__(Great learning) 6. Viriya__(Energy: diligence). 7. Pañña-__(Wisdom) For those who wish to become Sota-pannas during this life, there is no special necessity to practise da-na (Almsgiving). But let those who find it unable to evoke sufficient effort towards accquiring the ability to obtain release from worldy ills during the present Buddha Sa-sana make special attempts to practise da-na (Almsgiving) and uposatha (Precepts observed on Fasting Days).

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

(To Be Continue)

SPECIAL COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

jrwfEkd;½kdaoav;pm;jcif;\ tpGrf;jzifh &Sdckd;rSom? yPmrukokdvfajrmuf xl;jrwfaom &Sdckd;jcif; jzpfygonf/ &S d c k d ; jcif ; ? &S d c k d ; enf ; trsKd ; rsKd ; (1) vlwo Ydk nfrrd u d Edk idk x f ufp;D eif;vkyEf idk o f ?l ESyd pf ufou l ?dk &Scd ;dk í awmif;yefMuukef\/ þokdY&Sdckd;jcif;rsKd;um; aMumuf&GHU &Sdckd;jcif;jzpfonf/ (2) wpf p k H w pf c k & vk d í ? zk e f ; awmif ; ,mpumpol w k d Y o nf vuftkyfwpfcsDcsD &Sdckd; Muukef\/ þokdY&Sdckd;jcif;um; vmbfukdarQmfukd;í &Sdckd;jcif;jzpfonf/ (3) aqG r sKd ; xk H ; pH " avh v k d u f í BuD ; aomol w k d Y u k d uav; oli,fwo Ydk nf &Scd ;dk Muuke\ f / þok&Yd cdS ;dk jcif;onfum; trsK;d xk;H pH"avh&í dS &Sdckd;jcif;jzpfonf/ (4) rdpäm'd|dwkdYonf? rdrdwkdY\ wdw¦dq&mwkdYukdvnf;aumif;? rde;f ra,mufsm;wk\ Yd vdit f *FgwefqmykpH w H u Ydk v dk nf;aumif; &Scd ;dk Muuke\ f / þokdY&Sdckd;jcif;onfum; rdpäm'd|dt&if; cHí &Sdckd;jcif;jzpfonf/ (5) arhavsmhaomol? arm[vGefuJí awGa0aomolwkdYonf rnfonfhudpörqkd pdwfrygbJ a,mifa,mif0g;0g;jyKvkyfwwfMuukef\/ xkdolwkdY\ &Sdckd;jcif;onf? oar®mo arhavsmhaom yrm'w&m; okdYr[kwf oar® m [ awG a 0rd e f ; armaom arm[w&m;uk d tajccH í &Sdckd;jcif;jzpfonf/ (6) tcsKd Y a omol w k d Y o nf ? t½k d t ao*g&0w&m;enf ; í &Sdckd;jcif;? t½kdtaojyKjcif; ukd rjyKvkyfvkdMuukef/ tcsKdUu rmeBuD;í ½kdaorI &Sdckd;rIukd rjyKMuukef/ xk d o l w k d Y u k d tjcm;tjcm;aom ol a wmf a umif ; ? vl B uD ; vl a umif ; wk d Y u 'D v l o d y f ½ k d i f ; vS a cswum;/ &S d c k d ; &rS e f ; ? ½kdao&rSef;rodvkdufav[k jypfwifajymqkdMuukef\/ xkdokdYajymqkd aomaMumifh? *g&0enf;yg; rmecJorm;wkdYonf? olwpfyg;jypfwif ajymqkdjcif;rS vGwfapawmh[k? 0wfauswef;ukef&Sdckd;ukef\/ þ&Sdckd;jcif; um;? ]]ya&my0g'}} olwpfyg;jypfwifcsufaMumifh &Sdckd;jcif;aywnf;/ (7) &wemok;H yg;? q&morm;? rdb *kPAk'd¨ 0,0k'yd¨ *k K¾d vw f u Ydk dk &Sdckd;MuolwkdYum;? ,if;okdYr[kwfbJ *kPfaus;Zl;ukd tm½kHjyKí o'¨g*g&0 todÓPfOD;aqmifum &Sdckd;Muukef \/ þuJhokdY&Sdckd;jcif;onfomvQif? yPmrukokdvfajrmufí xl;jrwfaom &Sdckd;jcif;jzpfavonf/ &S d c k d ; jcif ; ygVd a wmf t axmuf t xm;rsm; b,vmb uk v mpm&m 'd 0 d & a[e ouú p ö H ? tm'a&e um,0pD raem'Gga&[d 0E´dwGm (#Dumausmf) {uapö m [d b,0aoe 0E´ w d ? {uapö m vmb0aoe? {uapö m uk o vmpm&0aoe? {uapö m rd p ä m 'd | d 0aoe? {uapö m oar®mom0 aoe(oar®m[0aoe)? {uapöm ya&my0g' 0aoe? 0E´ w d o AÁ m yd o m ouú p ö H 0E´ m em emr ea[mwd ? wAÁ d & a[eye 0E´ema,0? ouúpH 0E´em emr a[mwd? awem[k ayg&mPm/ b,oar®m['k'´d|d? yPmarm aeo'ódawm? ynm ykAÁ*Farm{aom? yPmarm wded 'ódawm/ b, ya&my0g'g'd? &[dwó ed'ódwkH? ewó ud&da,a[bd? a,maZwkH ud&*EÅumwd/ (rPdom&rOöLom#Dum-116) q&mawmf O D ; Ak " f \ &S d c k d ; jcif ; enf ; tbd0E´mrd- b,vmb? ukvpm&m? rdpäm'd|d? rodarm[?

uif;pifyvsuf? avmu0Sefacsmuf? *kPfwavQmufukd? atmufarhíom? o'¨gjrwfEkd;? &Sdckd;yg\/ (q&mawmf OD;Ak"f\ ½lyod'¨deó,) &S d c k d ; jcif ; aMumif h &&S d a omtusKd ; av;yg; (1) tm,k- touf&Snfjcif;/ (2) 0PÖ- tqif;vSjcif;/ (3) okc- ukd,fpdwfESpfyg; csrf;omjcif;/ (4) Av- cGeftm;BuD;jcif;/ aygif; tusKd;w&m;(4)yg;jzpf\/ tbd 0 g'e oD v ó? ed p ö H 0 k ¹ m ypm,d a em/ pwå m a&m "r® m 0¹Ed Å ? tm,k 0 aPÖ m ok c H A vH / &S d c k d ; jcif ; vuF m aqmif y k ' f &wemokH;yg;? q&mrsm;ESifh? ESpfyg;rdb? av;pm;xkduf&m? &Sdckd; ygrl? b,mw0? vmbfvmbESifh? ukvpm&m? uif;&Sif;&m\? rdpäm'óe? oar®m[ESi?hf ya&my0g'g? uif;vGwu f mG í? o'¨g&Tiaf jym? ynmaESmvsu?f ya&myPÖmo? jrwfykn[k? "r®t½kd;? jynfhvQHNzdK;atmif? &Sdckd;Muukef&m ownf;/ ½k d a ojrwf E k d ; &S d c k d ; jcif ; aMumif h &tyf a om tEÅ & m,f u if ; atmif j rif j cif ; tusKd ; rsm; £wd a r yoEé rwd a em? &wewå , 0E´ e mr,H y k n H / ,H ok 0 d [ wEÅ & ma,m? [k w G m wómEk b ma0e/ (oDvu©ef t|uxm *E¦m&rÇ) £ap0 rpö E Å e róae,sH ? eró rmaem &wewå , H , H / yknmbdoEH´ 0dykvH tvwåH? wómEk b ma0e [wEÅ & ma,m/ (yg&mZduPf? |? *E¦m&rÇ) 0d e ,ygVd a wmf v m tusKd ; &wemokH;yg;wkdYukd &Sdckd;&aom rsm;jym;vSpGmaom ukokdvf tvsOfaMumifh? y,fazsmuftyfNyD;aom tEÅ&m,f&Sdonfjzpfí(tEÅ&m,f uif;pGm) okweå yf gVdawmf\ teufudk jyqkad ytH/h 0de,ygVdawmfudk zGiq hf dk aytHh/ þpum;jzifh &wemjrwfokH;yg;wkdYukd &Sdckd;jcif;aMumifh? tEÅ&m,f uif;jcif;ukd jyqkd\/ #dumwkdYüum; usrf;BuD;atmifjrifjcif;tusKd;ukd wkduf½kdufyif jyqkdMu\/ oH 0 PÖ e m&arÇ &wewå , yPmr u&PH ,xm y#d n mw oH 0 PÖ e m, teEÅ & ma,e y&d o rmyewå H / (om&w¦#Dum? y? 3/ oDvu©ef#Dumopf? y-3) jyKaomusrf ; tEÅ & m,f u if ; pG m NyD ; pD ; jcif ; t|uxmusrf;ukd a&;om;&m tOD;tpü &wemokH;yg;wkdYtm; &Sdckd;jcif;ukd jyKjcif;onf? igpD&iftHh[k y#dnm0efcHxm;tyfwkdif;aom t|uxmukd? tEÅ&m,fuif;pGmNyD;pD;atmifjrifapjcif; tusKd;&Sday\/ 'd | "r® t usKd ; ES p f & yf þpum;&yfjzifh? bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &Sdckd;jcif;onf rdrdjyKtyf aomudpörSeforQukd tEÅ&m,fuif;pGmNyD;pD;atmifjrifapEkdifaMumif; jyqkd\/ (1) ab;&eftEÅ&m,ftoG,foG,fwkdYrS uif;jcif;/ (2) Buw H idk ;f atmifí aqmifwidk ;f ajrmufum od'r¨d *Fvmukd &&Sd jcif; tusKd;ESpf&yf 'd|"r®jzpfap\ þonfwkdYum;? usrf;jyKq&mwkdYyg vkdvm;aom &wemokH;yg; &Sdckd;jcif; tusKd;jzpfayonf/ Nidrf;csrf;OD;

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

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(*) jypf r S m ;ES d y f p uf r I r &S d a om bk & m;? &[EÅ m wk d Y E S i f h cif y G e f ; BuD ; (10)yg;wk d Y t m; jypf r S m ;jcif ; um,'Pfpaom jypfrSm;ESdyfpufrIr&Sdaom bk&m;? &[EÅm yk*¾dKvfponfwkdYESifh cifyGef;BuD;(10)yg;teuf wpfOD;OD;ukd pGyfpJG? qJqkd? ½kdufESuf? owfjzwfESdyfpufjcif;ponfjzifh ypfrSm;ygu? 'Pf(10)yg; wpfyg;yg;jzpfay:wwfavonf/ ("r®y'? t|uxm? 'ktkyf? 44-45) cifyGef;BuD;(10)yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;ukd pGyfpJG? qJa&;? ½kdufESuf? owfjzwf? ESdyfpufjcif;ponfjzifh? jypfrSm;ygu azmfjyyg'Pf(10)yg;xd wwfonf[k rdefYqkdawmfrlygonf/ vuF m aqmif y k ' f rD;-rif;-tem? ysuft*Fg? ½l;ygpGyfpJGbd/ OpömvJ½IH;? ysufumokOf;? aoqkH;aqGnmwd/ cifyGef;BuD;rsm;? usL;vGefjim;? q,fyg;'PfBuD;xd/ cif y G e f ; BuD ; (10)yg; qk d o nf r S m Ak'¨g yapöuAk'¨gp? om0um t*¾om0um/ rmwmydwk? *½kowåm? 'g,um "r®a'oum/ bk&m; ypöuAk'g¨ ? jrwfpmG bk&m;\ wynfo h C H m? t*¾om0um? trdtz? av;pm;tyfaomyk*d¾Kvf(vl &aoh y&dAkdZf ponf) ynmoifay; aomq&m? ay;urf;cs;D jri§ ahf omol? w&m;a[may;aomol? aygif;(10)yg; jzpfonf/ oDwmOD;(jrefrmpm)

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VISION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS um,0d n mPf j zih f o d t yf u k e f a om azm|AÁ m ½H k w d k Y w nf ; / igY & S i f þumr*kPfig;rsKd;wdkYudk usOf;ajrmif;&m[k jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmf rl\/ } yXrpsmef ü vnf ; usOf ; ajrmif ; rI & S d \ igY&Sif þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf umrw&m;wdkYrS qdwfí omvQif yXrpsmefodkYa&mufíae\/ igY&Sif þrQjzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif; &mütcGihf(ae&m)&jcif;udk y&d,m,fjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrl \/ xdkyXrpsmefüvnf; usOf;ajrmif;rI&Sdonfomwnf;/ xdkyXrpsmefü usOf;ajrmif;rI[lonftb,fenf;/ xdkyXrpsmefüBuHpnfrI ]]0dwuf}}? oH;k oyfrI ]]0dpm&}} wdo Yk nf rcsKyu f ek af o;/ þ0dwuf0pd m&rcsKyjf cif;onf um; þyXrpsmefüvnf; usOf;ajrmif;rIwnf;/ 'k w d , psmef ü vnf ; usOf ; ajrmif ; rI & S d \ igY&iS af emufwpfrsK;d um; &[ef;onf BupH nfrI ]]0dwuf}} oH;k oyf rI ]]0dpm&}} wdkY\ Nidrf;jcif;aMumifh 'kwd,psmefodkYa&mufíae\/ igY&Sif þrQjzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mütcGihf(ae&m)&jcif;udk y&d,m,ftm;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ xdk'kwd,psmefüvnf; usOf;ajrmif;rI&Sdonf omwnf;/ xd'k w k , d psmefü usO;f ajrmif;rI[o l nf tb,fenf;/ xd'k w k , d psmefü ESpfoufrI ]]yDwd}} onf rcsKyfao;/ þ(ESpfoufrI ]]yDwd}} rcsKyf jcif;) onfum; þ'kwd,psmefüusOf;ajrmif;rIwnf;/ wwd , psmef v nf ; usOf ; ajrmif ; rI & S d \ igY&Sif aemufwpfrsKd;um; &[ef;onfESpfodrfhrI ]]yDwd}} udkvnf; wyfjcif; uif;jcif;aMumihf wwd,psmefodkYa&mufíae\/ igY&Sif þrQjzihf vnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mütcGihf(ae&m)&jcif;udk y&d,m,ftm;jzihf jrwfpGm bk&m;a[mawmfrl\ xdkwwd,psmefüvnf; usOf;ajrmif;rI &Sdonfom wnf;/ xdk'kwd,psmefü usOf;ajrmif;rI[lonftb,fenf;/ xdk'kwd, psmefü ESpfoufrI ]]yDwd}} onf rcsKyfao;/ þ(ESpfoufrI ]]yDwd}} rcsKyf jcif;)onfum; þ'kwd,psmefü usOf;ajrmif;rIwnf;/ pwk w ¬ p smef v nf ; usOf ; ajrmif ; rI & S d \ igY&iS ?f aemufwpfrsK;d um; &[ef;onf csr;f omrI ]]okc}} udv k nf; y,fjcif;aMumifh pwkw¬psmefodkYa&mufíae\/ igY&Sif þrIjzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mütcGihf(ae&m)&jcif;udk y&d,m,ftm;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl\/ xdkpwkw¬psmefüvnf; usOf;ajrmif;rI&Sdonfomwnf;/ xdkpwkw¬psmefü ½kyfüjzpfaom rSwfom;rI ]]½lyonm}} onf rcsKyfao;/ þ(½kyfü jzpfaomrSwfom;rI rcsKyfjcif;)onfum; þpwkw¬psmefü usO;f ajrmif;rIwnf;/ tqH k ; r&S d a om aumif ; uif t m½H k r csKyf j cif ; onf usOf ; ajrmif ; rI w nf ; igY&Sif aemufwpfrsKd;um; &[ef;onf ½kyfüjzpfaom rSwfom; rI ]]½lyonm}} wdkYudk vGefajrmufjcif;aMumihf xdyg;jcif;rSwfom;rI ]]y#dC onm}} wdkY\ csKyfaysmufjcif;aMumihf txl;rSwfom;rI ]]ememwåonm}} wdu Yk Ekd v S ;kH roGi;f jcif;aMumihf ]]aumif;uifonf tqH;k r&S}d } [k (yGm;rsm;vsu)f tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefodkYa&mufíae\/ igY&Sif þrQjzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mütcGihf(ae&m)&jcif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ xdktmumomeÍöpsmefüvnf;usOf;ajrmif;rI&Sdonfomwnf;/ xd k t mumoeÍö m ,me psmef ü usOf ; ajrmif ; rI [ l o nf tb,f e nf ; / xdktmumomeÍö,wepsmefü tqHk;r&Sdaom aumif;uiftm½Hkjzpfaom trSwfonmonf rcsKyfao;/ þrcsKyfjcif;onfum; tmumomeÍöm, wepsmefü usOf;ajrmif;rIwnf;/

tqH k ; r&S d a om 0d n mPf t m½H k r csKyf a o;orQ igY&Sif aemufwpfrsKd;um; &[ef;onf tmumomeÍöm,we psmefudk vHk;0vGefajrmufí ]]0dnmPfonf tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd}} [k yGm;rsm;vsuf 0dnmarmÍöm,wepsmefokdYa&muf&Sdaeav\/ igY&Sif þrQ jzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mü tcGihfae&m&jcif;udk y&d,m,ftm;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ xd0k n d mPÍö,wepsmefüvnf; usO;f ajrmif;rI&o dS nfomwnf;/ xdk0dnmPÍöm,wepsmefü usOf;ajrmif;rI[lonftb,fenf;/ xdk0dnm PÍöm,wepsmefü tqHk;r&Sdaom 0dnmPftm½Hküjzpfaom trSwfonm onf rcsKyfao;/ þrcsKyfao;onfum; þ0dnmPÍöm,wepsmefü usO;f ajrmif;rIwnf;/ wpf p H k w pf c k r Qr&S d a om tm½H k ü jzpf a om onm igY&iS f aemufwpfrsK;d um; &[ef;onf 0dnmPÍöm,wepsmefukd vHk;0vGefajrmufí ]]wpfpHkwpfckrQr&SD}} [k yGm;rsm;vsuf tmudÍönm, wepsmefodkYa&mufíae\/ igY&Sif þrQjzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mü tcGihf (ae&m)&jcif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf y&d,m,ftm;jzihfa[mawmfrl\/ xdktmudÍönm,wepsmefüvnf; usOf;ajrmif;rI&Sdonfom wnf;/ xdktmudÍömnm,wepsmefü usOf;ajrmif;rI[lonf tb,fenf;/ xdktmudÍömnm,wepsmefü wpfpHkwpfckrQr&Sd[laom tm½Hküjzpfaom trSwfonmonf rcsKyfao;/ þrcsKyfjcif;onfum;þtmudÍönm, wepsmefüusOf;ajrmif;rIwnf;/ onm&S d o nf v nf ; r[k w f ? r&S d o nf v nf ; r[k w f a omtm½H k ihg&Sif? aemufwpfrsdK;um; &[ef;onf tmudÍönm,wepsmef udk vHk;0vGefajrmufvsuf ae0onmemonm ,wepsmefodkYa&mufí ae\/ ihg&Sif þrQjzihfvnf; usOf;ajrmif;&mü tcGihf (ae&m) &jcif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; y&d,m,ftm;jzihf a[mawmfrl\/ xdak e0onm emonm,wepsmefüvnf; usO;f ajrmif;rI&o dS nf omwnf;/ xdkae0onmemonm,wepsmefü usOf;ajrmif;rI[lonf tb,fenf;/ xdkae0onm emonm,wepsmefü onm&Sdonfvnf; r[kwf? r&Sdonfvnf;[kwfaomtm½Hkjzpfaom trSwfonmonf rcsKyf ao;/ þrcsKyf j cif ; onf u m; þae0onmeonm,wepsmef ü usO;f ajrmif;rIyifwnf;/ onma0'emwd k Y c sKyf & m tcG i f h a e&m ihg&Sif? aemufwpfrsdK;um; &[ef;onf ae0onmemonm ,wepsmefudk vHk;0vGefajrmufvsuf onma0'emwdkY\csKyf&m ]eda&m" ormywf} odkY a&mufíae\/ xd&k [ef;onf ynmjzihjf rihí f tmoa0gw&m;wdo Yk nf ukecf ef; \/ ihg&Sif þrQjzihv f nf; usO;f ajrmif;&mü tcGihf (ae&m) &jcif;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf y&d,m,fr[kwf/ rkcsqwfqwftm;jzihf a[mMum;awmfrl onfudk t&SiftmeE´mrax&fjrwfonf rdefYqdkawmfrlavonf/ "r®0D&-oEÅmatmif tjynfjynfqkdif&max&0g'Ak'¨omoemjykwuúokdvf &efukefNrdKU/

&mpkopf\ pdeaf c:rIrsKd;pku H dk Nidr;f csrf;aompdwf &J&ifw h nfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf atmifjrifpmG jzwfoef;Ekid Mf uzkYd "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

DHAMMA TALK

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

w&m;ukdjrifu bk&m;ukdzl;jrifonf[laompum; armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) ]]w&m;ukdjrifu bk&m;ukd zl;jrif&onf}} [laompum;rSefuef aMumif;uk?d okweå yf #d uwf? 0uúvo d w k ?f 0uúv0d wåKjzifh jyqko d ifah yonf/ w&m;tm;xk w f c sd e f r&S d o avmuf bk & m;zl ; csd e f r sm;yk H t&Sif0uúvdrnfaom &[ef;onf? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifxH qnf;uyfí Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfb&k m;\ rsuEf mS awmf? ½kyyf aHk wmfudk waphaph zl;ajrmfaeavh&Sdavonf/ w&m;"r®yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcsdefr&Sdoavmuf bk&m;zl;csdefu wpfaeYvkH;vkdvkdjzpfaeonf/ ÓPf & if h u suf c sd e f u k d iH h v if h a wmf r l í jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf? 0uúv\ d ÓPf&ifu h sujf cif;ukd iHv h ifh awmfrlvsuf? rnfokdYrQ rdefYawmfrrlbJ? ÓPf&ifhaomtcsdefokdY a&muf&Sd aomtcgwGif? atmufyga'oemawmfjzifh 0uúvdtm; qkH;rawmfrlav onf/ ud aH w0uúv?d £rdemykwu d ma,e? 'da|e a,macg0uúv?d "r®Hyówd aomrHyówd? a,mrHyówd aom"r®Hyówd/ ("r®y'? t|uxm? 'k-381) tvH0uúvd u udd Haw£rdem ylwduma,e? 'da|ea,macg 0uú v d ? "r® H y ówd aomrH y ówd "r® H [ d 0uú v d ? yóaEÅ m rH y ówd ? rH y óaEÅ m "r® H y ówd / (oH? 2? yg? 98) pmrsuf E S m 11 rS rif;wkdY\ vnfacsmif;aoG;jzihf ysOfcsyfukd aq; ap\/ 0d # #Lbrif ; \ tmCmww&m; Bu;D rm;rIaMumihf omuD0ifrif;quftEG,o f nf vnf; 0d##Lbrif;\ab;aMumifh ysuo f Ok ;f jcif; odkY a&muf&avawmhonf/ 0d##Lbrif;vnf; ntcsdefa&mufwJhtcgrSm tpd&0wDjrpfurf; rSm wJeef;aqmufvyk Nf y;D aeavonf/ xkcd Pü rkd;onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;rIaMumifh vsifjrefpGm pD;qif;vmaom jrpfa&[m 0d##Lbrif;ESihf wuG taygif;ygtm;vkH;wkdYudk arsmygapvsuf ork'´&mü aoaMuysufpD;um ig;vdyfwdkY tpm jzpfoGm; avawmhonf/ omuD0ifrif;wdkYonf Zmwd r mef axmif v T m ;wuf < ujcif ; aMumif h 0d # #Lbrif ; &J U vl r sKd ; wk e f ; owf j zwf r I u k d cHcJh&onf/ 'Djzpf&yf [m aemifvmaemifom; wdkYtwGuf Zmwdrmef axmifvTm; wuf<u

teuf t "d y Ü m ,f u m; 0uúvd? oif\jyKrlcsufonfroifh/ oifzl;ajrmfaeaom þ (igbk&m;) tykyaf umifjzif?h oift h m; bmtusK;d &Syd grnfenf; (bmtusK;d rQ r&Sdacs)/ 0uúvd? pifppfaomfum;? tMuifolonf w&m;ukdjrif\/ xkdolonf? bk&m;tppfukdjrifav\/ tMuifolonf igbk&m;ukdjrif\/ xkdolonf w&m;ukd jrifav\/ xkdjrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfonfrSef\/ 0uúvd? w&m;ukdjrifonf&Sdaomf? igbk&m;ukd jrifNyD;jzpfav\/ (bk&m;xHarSmufoGm;a&mufNyD; zl;jrifp&mrvkday)/ igbk&m;ukd jrifonf&Sdaomf w&m;ukdjrifNyD; om; jzpfav\/ (&[EÅmjzpfNyD;aom yk*d¾KvfrSom Ak'¨ukd jrifEkdifygonf)/ bk&m;tppf (Ak'¨tppf)ukd zl;awGYvkdygu? w&m;ukd jrifatmif y#dywfw&m;ukd BudK;pm;tm;xkwfyg[lí rdefYawmfrl vkd&if;jzpfonf/ þonfhqkH;rawmfrlcsufü? w&m;ukdjrifrS bk&m;tppfukd zl;jrif&aMumif; jyayaomaMumifh? ygVdt|uxmom"u ckdifrmpGmjzifh? ]]w&m;jrif u bk & m;zl ; jrif & onf } }[l a om pum;uk d avh v m rSwfom;&ayonf/ armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)

wm[m vkdwmxufydkvGef&if qkd;usKd;ukdjzpfap a&S U wef ; wif c J h r d M uvd k Y ol w d k Y \touf j zih f ovdk arwåmpdwu f rdk arG;bJ a'goESifh tmCmw jyefvnfay;qufoGm;&av\/ ,aeYurÇmBuD; w&m;uko d m &if0,fyu dk f cJv h Ydk 0d##Lbrif;vnf; Nid r f ; csrf ; om,m&S d a pzd k Y arwå m w&m;uk d ysuf p D ; cJ h & w,f q k d w muk d b0oif c ef ; pm urÇmhvlom;tm;vkH; yGm;rsm;usihfokH; aexkdifí wpf&yftaejzihf owdjyKrSwfom; oifhygonf/ avmb? a'goESihf tmCmww&m; awGudk vlYorkdif;wGif jzpfcJhorQaomppfwkdY acszsufypfyg/ urÇmhtusKd;jyKvkyfief; awGukd onf arwåmw&m;\tv,fü trkef;w&m; vnf; rdrdwdkYpGrf;EkdiforQ jyKvkyfoGm;Muyg vkdY acgif;axmifvmjcif;ukd jyocJhjcif;jzpfyg\/ wkdufwGef;a&;om; wifjytyfygonf/ urÇmol trk e f ; w&m;xG e f ; um;&m t&yf [ l o rQü urÇmom;tm;vkH; at;csrf;om,m&SdMuygap/ ynmEG , f ( {&majr-"Ek j zL) vlom;taygif;wdkY ysufpD;Mu&rnfrSm rvGJyg/ om"utjzpf urÇmhppfBuD;ESpfcku oufaocH aeay\/ ,aeY wkd;wufajymif;vJaeaom ñT e f ; - Zmwued y gwf a wmf urÇmBuD;rSm trkef;w&m;awGukd arwåmw&m; jzih f tEk d i f , l í avmb? a'goES i h f tmCmwçw&m; qkd;awGukd Nidrf;owfypfygrS Nidrf;csrf;om,maom urÇmBuD;tjzpf wnfwHh Ek d i f r S m jzpf y g\/ *VKef OD ; apmES i h f 0d # #Lb rif ; wd k Y o nf a'goES i h f tmCmwçw&m;uk d

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

vlom;wk\ Yd tawG;tac:ukd xl;jcm;pGmajymif;vJapaom u½kPm&Sif r[mvlom; ... jrwfA' k ¨ OD ; atmif x G w f ( &ef u k e f w uú o k d v f )

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tyk d i f ; (13) aemuf q k H ; em&D r sm; yg0grS uk o d e m½k H o d k Y uqkefv\ rGef;vJGaeonfh rD;cJjzifh qkyfyufonhftvm; jcpfjcpfawmuf yljyif; vsu&f o dS nf/ rv’mrif;wdYk pk;d rk;d &m yg0gNrKUd uav; onf &dyf&dyfxaeaom rif;vGifwdkYatmufwGif rIefysys usef&pfcJhonf/ obm0 awmawmif wdo Yk nf n§K;d avsmaf jcmufuyfaeonf/ tyl'Pf ukd vl;vSdrfhcHpm;aeykH&onf/ þrQMurf;wrf; aom Owk&moDatmufwGif jrwfAk'ËSihfaemifyg wynhfwdkY ukodem½kHNrKdUuav;qDodkY wa&GUa&GU <uvSrf;csDvsuf&Sdayonf/ jrwfAk'önf yg0gNrKdUwGif yef;xdef onf om; pkE\ ´ 0ufysKo d m;qGr;f ukd bkO;f ay;ok;H aqmifc\ hJ / xkq d rG ;f ukd jrwfA'k w ¨ pfyg;wnf;om bkOf;ay;cJhjcif;jzpf\/ xkdqGrf;ukd bkOf;ay;NyD; aemuf 0rf;aoG;oGeaf oma&m*g zdq;D vmonf/ jrwfAk'önf jyif;xefaoma0'emukd owdjzihf onf;cHawmfrlonf/ ,if;owdaMumifh yifyef; onfrxif&bJ c&D;qufvufxGufcGmvmEkdif jcif;jzpf\/ jrwf A k ' ¨ o nf pd w f u k d N yD ; pD ; ap&mü twkrJhjzpf\/ twkrJhpdwftpGrf;jzihf a0'emukd onf;cHEkdifyg\/ cE¨mwnf;[laom 0efxkyf 0efykd;ukdum; z,f&Sm;ír&yg/ Ak'önf 0gwGif; umv a0VK0&Gmuav;ü oDwif;okH;awmfrlpOf uyif t&Sit f meE´mtm; þtaMumif; rdeMYf um; cJhzl;onfr[kwfygavm/ yg0gNrKdUrSxGufcGmcJhaom c&D;pOfrSm jyif;xefvS\/ yljyif;aom aet&SdefwGif a&m*g 'PfaMumihf Ak'¨\ukd,fcE¨mrSm EGrf;íaeayNyD/

Ak'önf ae'Pfukd a&Smif&Sm;&ef vrf;rBuD;ay: rS qif;oufNyD; opfwpfyif&dyfodkY uyfawmfrl onf/ xkdYaemuf t&SiftmeE´mtm;]]tmeE´m? igonf yifyef;EGrf;EG,fae NyD / xk d i f O D ; tH h ? ig\ 'k u k # f o uF e f ; BuD ; uk d av;acgufav;xyfjyKum cif;ay;OD;avmh}} Ak ' ¨ \ rd e f Y M um;csuf t wk d i f ; t&S i f tmeE´mu 'kuk#fouFef;BuD;ukd cif;ay;onf/ Ak'ü ]]tmeE´m aomufa&oGm;,lacs? igonf rGwfodyfvS\}} [k rdefYjyefonf/ Ak ' ¨ a&awmif ; aomf r l a omtcg t&SiftmeE´m tcufBuKHoGm;onf/ a&cyfckdif; onhf acsmif;uav;onf apmapmykid ;f u vSn;f ig;&mjzwfoGm;ojzihf aemufusLíaeonf/ aomufokH;&ef rqkdxm;bd? ukd,fvufoefYpif &efyif roihfawmfawmh/ ]]aemifawmf Ak'¨? ,ckyif vSnf;ig;&m wdkY jzwfoef;oGm;Muojzihf a&aemufusLaeyg onf/ rMumrD ]uuk"m} jrpfodkY a&mufygawmh rnf/ ]uuk"m} jrpfa&onf MunfvifvSyg\/ aomuf o k H ; &ef taumif ; qk H ; jzpf y g\}} [k avQmufxm;onf/ Ak'önf t&SiftmeE´m\pum;ukd vufrcH? a&uk, d cl &hJ ef rdejYf yef\/ t&Sit f meE´m u a&SUtwkdif;yifavQmufxm;\/ okH;Budrf ajrmufwGif t&SiftmeE´mukd,fwkdifyif oGm; a&mufa&cyfonf/ jrpfa&onf tHhMozG,f&m Munfvifaeonf/ Ak'önf a&ukd aomufokH; awmfrlNyD;aemuf ukodem½kHokdY c&D;qufawmf rlonf/ vrf;c&D;wGif tBudrfBudrf tem;,l &\/ 0rf;aoG;oGefaoma&m*gonf oufom onf[lír&Sd/ wpfcsdefu qifajymifq,fpD;

tm;ukdaqmifawmfrlonhf ukd,fcE¨mnf yifyef; BuD;pGm&SdavNyD/ Zmwdy#doaE¨\tusKd;quf jzpfaom Asm"d"r®emjcif;oabmukd rnfonhf owå0grQ vGefqefEkdifrnfr[kwfygavm/ Asm"d \aemufuG,fwGif uyfygvmaom r&P"r® onf Ak'¨\ukd,fcE¨mukd 0g;NrKd&ef em&Dydkif;rQom usefawmhonf/ uuk " mjrpf a &twG i f ; a&ok H ; oyf uuk"mjrpfodkYa&mufaomtcg Ak'¨ uk, d af wmfjrwf tvGeEf rG ;f e,fíaeayNy/D odjYk zpf í jrpfwGif;odkYqif;um a&okH;oyfawmfrlonf/ tm;&atmifvnf; aomufokH;awmfrlonf/ þjrpfa&onf Ak'äemufqkH;aomufokH;aom a&jzpf\/ þrQaemufykdif;wGifum; Ak'önf cE¨ m uk d , f t axmuf t ul j zpf a p&ef t wG u f rnfonhfokH;aqmifrIrS rvkyfawmhygacs/ uuk"mjrpfrS wufawmfrlNyD;aomf teD;tem;&Sd o&ufawmodkY <uawmfrlonf/ opfwpfyif&if;wGif t&Sipf Ek c´ if;ay;aom 'ku#k f ouFef;BuD;ay: acwåvJavsmif;awmfrlonf/ t&SifpkEónf v,f,majcay:wGif vuf0Jajc awmfudk twefi,fveG í f wifxm;Ny;D owda&SU½I avsmif;pufaeawmfrlonhf Ak'¨tm; ai;arm aerdonf/ rdrda&SUwGif&Sdaom Ak'ükd,fawmfjrwf um; avmuwpfcGifwGif twkrJhjzpf\/ twkrJh ukd,fawmfjrwf\ ,ckavsmif;puf&mrSm opf wpfyifrQomjzpf\/ cif;xm;onhf tcif;rSm vnf ; 'k u k # f o uF e f ; BuD ; rQomjzpf \ / a`cG & H oif;yif;qkdívnf; rdrdESihf &[ef;tenf;i,f &Sd\/ c&D;wpfavQmufwiG f awm&dy?f awmif &dyf? opfyif&dyfwdkYukdom tm;ukd;tm;xm;jyKcJh &\/ jrpfa&ukdyif aomufokH;cJh&\/ r[m vl o m; u½k P m&S i f \ aemuf q k H ; c&D ; um; vGrf;armzG,f&mtwd pdk;&GHUxdwfvefYzG,ftwd jzpfaeygyaum/ ocFg&puf0ef;wGif usifvnf ae&olrsm;tzkdY axmufwnf&mr&Sdygwum;/ txGwfjrwfqkH; qGrf; 2 xyf Ak'önf avsmif;puf&mü Ekd;aom tcg t&SiftmeE´mtm; ac:awmfrlonf/ pkEv ´ LS aomqGr;f ESifh pyfvsO;f í aemif

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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

tcg jypfwifa0zefrIukd y,f&Sm;ap&efjzpf\/ tvS L &S i f p k E ´ u k d , f w k d i f v nf ; ,k H r S m ;oH o , uif;ap&efjzpf\/ Ak'¨\ oufwrf;wpfavQmuf tvSLcHcahJ omqGr;f rsm;teuf bk&m;jzpftq hH q J J wG i f ok Z mwmvS L vk d u f a omqG r f ; ES i h f ,ck y&deAd mÁ efjyKtq hH q J J pkEv ´ LS vku d o f nhq f rG ;f wdo Yk nf trGefjrwfqkH; txl;uJqkH;jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh t&SiftmeE´mtm; þodkY rdeaYf wmfro l nf/ ]]tmeE´m? vltrsm;u yef;xdrfonf om; pkE´tm; jypfwifuJh&JUMuvQif olYpdwfcsrf; omrItwGuf þodkYajzaysmufygap? ]'g,um pkE´? oifvSLaomqGrf;ukd bk&m;&Sif aemufqkH; bkOf;ay;awmfrlí y&dedAÁmefjyKawmfrl\/ onhf twGuf oifuHxl;aypG/ Ak'öufawmfwpf avQmufü ESpfxyfaomqGrf;wdkYrSm tBuD;qkH; jzpf\/ tmedoiftxufqkH;jzpf\/ yxrqGrf;rSm bk&m;jzpfthHqJqJ bkOf; ay;&aom okZmwm\qGrf;jzpf\/ 'kwd,qGrf; rSm y&dedAÁmefjyKtHhqJqJ oifvSL'gef;í bkOf;ay; aomqGrf;jzpf\/ 'g,umpkE´? þqGrf;ESpfrsKd; onf tjcm;qGrf;wkdYxufykdívnf; tusKd;BuD; \/ ydí k vnf; tpGr;f tmedoifxuf\/ þqGr;f rsKd;onf (tajctaeuGJjym;aomfvnf;) tusKd; ay; tnDtrQyifjzpf\/ 'g,umpkE´? oifonf touf&Snf aponhfuHukdvnf; qnf;yl;&ayNyD/ tqif;vS aponhf uHuv dk nf; qnf;yl;&ayNy/D tBu;D tuJ jzpfaponhfuHukdvnf; qnf;yl;&ayNyD [k pkE´ \ pdwfrcsrf;omrIukd y,fazsmufygav}} Ak'ËSihf aemufyg&[ef;wdkY [d&n0wD jrpfukd jzwful;aomtcg uqkefvaeonf tpG,fBuKd;um ikyfvQKd;awmhrnf [efjyifaeNyD/ 0gajzmhajzmha&T&nfwdkYonf [d&n0wDa&jyif ay:od k Y xG e f ; vif ; aeayNyD / [d & n0wD \ qnf;qmtvSum; 0if;yaeonf/ aejcnf atmufwGif wjzwfjzwf½kdufcwfaeaom vdIif; *,ufrsm;onf pdefa&mif? a&Ta&mif? aiGa&mif vufvufjzmaeonf/ jrpfa&jyifonf ,aeYn oef;aumif,HwGif avmuBuD;ukd tNyD;wkdif pGefYcGmawmhrnfh r[mvlom;tm; aemufqkH; ylaZmfvsuf&Sdayonf/ jrpfa&jyifukd jzwful;awmfrlonhf Ak'¨ \ toa&awmfonf rBuKHzl;atmif xl;uJae onf/ taMumif;wpfckrSm apmapmykdif;urS ta&;wBuD;vSLvdkufaom ouFef;awmfaMumihf vnf;jzpfEkdif\/ Ak'önf [d&n0wDjrpfukd jzwfu;l tHq h q J J rv’rif;om;ykuKú oESiBfh uKo H nf/

ol o nf a&S ; ,cif u Ak ' ¨ t m; Munf n Kd o l r[kwf/ tmVm&&aohBuD;\wynfh&if;jzpf\/ pdwf\pGrf;tm;owådukd txkduftavsmuf od&Sd oljzpf\/ ,ckwpfBudrf Ak'ËSihfawGUaomtcg pdwfobm0\ pGrf;tm;owådukd aqG;aEG;&m todÓPfxl;&&SdNyD; Ak'¨\OygoumjzpfoGm; onf/ Ak'¨tm; ouFef;vSL'gef;\/ Ak'önf yuúKotm; cs;D ajrm§ ufaomtm;jzihf csucf si;f yif 0wf½kHawmfrlonf/ xkda&Ta&mifouFef;onf Ak'¨ \ ukd,fay:okdYa&mufoGm;aomtcg ta&mif t0guif;rJhovdkjzpfoGm;onf/ t&SiftmeE´myif tHhtm;oifhoGm;\/ ]tHhzG,f&SdpG? rjzpfpzl; xl;uJaypG/ Ak'¨\tqif; awmfonf tvGefpifMu,faypG} ponfjzihf zGihf[ a&&Gwfrdawmhonf/ trS e f t m;jzih f Ak ' ¨ \ tqif ; awmf onf ES p f B ud r f a omtcgwG i f tvG e f t usL; Munf v if o ef Y p if y gayonf / yxrtBud r f rSm oAÁnKwÓPfawmfukd &&SdpOfujzpf\/ 'kwd,tBudrfrSm ,ck y&dedAÁmef0iftHhqJqJ tcsd e f u mvjzpf \ / 25 Bud r f w d w d &yf e m; Ak'önf [d&n0wDjrpfukd ul;NyD; aemuf ukoed m½kNH rKUd jrpfe,fajrwGi;f odYk csO;f uyf 0if a &muf c J h N yD / qnf ; qmtvS o nf v nf ; ukefqkH;oGm;NyD/ tarSmifxku vTrf;rkd;vm\/ NrKdUt0if&Sd pdrf;nKdUaomtifMuif;awmonf tarSmifxkESihftwl n§KdUrIdif;vsuf&Sdonf/ ukodem½kHESihfyg0gonf ajcmufrkdifcefY omuGma0;onf/ þrQaomc&D;ukd Ak'önf tBudrf 25 Budrfwdwd &yfem;um <ucsDcJh&\/ (O'ge?|?364)/ EkysKdpOftcgu &mZN*Kd[fjynfrS (O'ge?|?364) uydv0wfaejynfawmfokdY wpfaeYvQif 14 rkdif EIef;jzihf (2)vwdwd c&D;&Snf<ucJh\/ þodkYaom tiftm;rsm;onf Ak'¨\ukd,fawmfrS ajy;xGuf oGm;MuNyD/ þrQtyifyef;cHí ukodem½kHodkY <ucsD vmjcif;rSm taMumif;rJhr[kwf/ ukodem½kHonf a&S;twDaw vGefavNyD;aom uyfurÇmu r[mok'óepMu0aw;rif;pkd;pH&m NrKdUawmf jzpfc\ hJ / Bu;D us,cf rf;em;vSaom NrKUd awmf onf ,cktcg NrKdUodrf? NrKdUi,fjzpfaeayNyD/ ocFg& w&m;wkdY\ rwnfrNrJ ajymif;vJazmufjyefykHukd odjrifap&ef r[mok'óeokweå u f dk vJavsmif; &m anmifapmif;ay:rSmyif a[mMum;&OD;rnf/ aemufwpfaMumif;rSm okb'ý&dAkdZf ukd acRcRwf&efjzpf\/ okb'ónf wdw¦d*kdPf;

0if y&dAZdk w f pfO;D jzpf\/ okaYd omf Ak'\ ¨ aemufq;Hk w&m;ukd emMum;&í w&m;xl;&rnhfolwpfOD; jzpfonf/ þomoemwGif Ak'¨\aemufqkH; rsuf j rif o m0uwpf O D ; jzpf & ef yg&rD x l ; &S d o l (ypädrou©dom0u) jzpf\/ Ak'¨twGuf þ wpfOD;wnf;aom wynhfwpfOD;ukdyif ypfy,fí roGm;Ekdifygacs/ Ak'¨ ukodem½kHtifMuif;awmokdY 0if vmaomtcg aerif;onf ikyfvQKd;uG,faysmuf oGm;ayNyD/ nonf rIef&D0kd;0g;? Mu,fa&mifwdkY yif ray:xGufvmao;ay/ Ak'¨onf t&SiftmeE´mukdac:í]]tmeE´m tifMuif;ysKEd pS yf ifwt Ykd Mum; ajrmufzufodkYacgif;jyKum anmifapmif;ukdcif; avmh/ tmeE´m igyifyef;vSNyD? vJavsmif;OD;tHh}} [k rdefYawmfrlonf/ t&S i f t meE´ m onf &[ef ; wd k Y t m; anmifapmif;ukcd if;aponf/ Ak'o ¨ nf vuf,m bufodkYapmif;um ajccsif;xyfvsuf owdynm a&SUxm;um vJavsmif;awmfrlonf/ rv’ r sKd ; EG , f w k d Y id k a <u;Mu y&deAd mÁ efjyKrnht f csed o f nf em&Dyidk ;f rQ vkdawmhonf/ ukodem½kHNrKdUuav;onf Ak'¨ y&dedAÁmefjyK&ef <uvmowJh [laom owif;qkd; aMumifh tkwftkwfusufusuf qlnHvsufaeay NyD/ rv’rsKd;EG,fwdkYonf tifMuif;awmqDodkY tajy;tvTm; a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ rif;nDrif; om;wdkYvnf; yg\/ olaX;ol<u,fwdkYvnf; rusef/ qif;&Jcsrf;omra&G; oufBuD;oufi,f ra&G;/ olYxufig tNyKdifa&mufvmMuonf/ ol w d k Y o nf tif M uif ; yif p k H t Mum; anmifapmif;ay:wGif vJavsmif;aeaom Ak'u ¨ dk awGU&aomtcg oufBuD;½SKdufiif ikda<u;Mu\/ vl;vdSrhfjrnfwrf;Mu\/ Ak'¨onf olwdkYtwGuf aerif;jzpf\? vrif;vnf;jzpf\/ trSefw&m; ukd &SmazGay;&mü aerif;uJhokdY &JpGrf;owådukd jzpfap\/ b0'ku©wdkYukd &ifqkdifap&mü vrif; uJhodkY at;jraomowådukday;\/ ,cktcg xkad erif;Bu;D uG,yf awmhrnf/ xkv d rif;Bu;D onf vnf; aysmufuG,fayawmhrnf/ ]]avmuxG w f x m; &S i f a wmf A k ' ¨ y&deAd mÁ efjyKawmfro l nfrmS apmvGe;f vSygwum;/ xkdavmuxGufxm; &SifawmfAk'¨ y&dedAÁmefjyK awmfro l nfrmS apmvGe;f vSygwum;/ avmu\ rsufpdonf uG,faysmufawmhrnfygwum;}} tifMuif;NrKid o f nf þodaYk om ikad <u; oHwdkYjzihf yJhwifxyfaeonf/ olwdkYonf qHyif wdkYukdjzefYí ukef;atmf[pfMu\/ vufrsm;udk

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

ewfjynfa&mufaMumif; w&m;awmf

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jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf aZw0ef ausmif;awmfü oDwif;oH;k aeawmfrpl Of atmuf azmfjyygtcsufrsm;jzpfonfh(1) rS e f a om pum;ud k a jymqd k j cif ; / (2) trsufa'goudk jyifyodkY rxGufapbJ? od r f ; qnf ; xm;jcif ; / (3) awmif ; cH v mol t m; ay;urf ; pG e f Y B uJ jcif ; ES i f h ywf o uf í t&S i f a rm*¾ v mef rax&f \ ar;jref ; avQmuf x m;csuf u d k taMumif ; jyKí þod k Y w &m;awmf u d k a[mMum;awmf r l c J h y gonf / wpfaeYoü t&Sifarm*¾vmefrax&f onf ewfjynfodkY? a'opm&D<ucsDawmfrl\? wefc;kd Bu;D aom ewforD;wpfO;D \ AdrmefwcH g;0 ü &yfawmfrl\? ewforD;onf t&Sifjrwf\ txHov Ykd mí &Scd ;kd Ny;D &yfae\? t&Siaf rm*¾vmef u toifewforD;\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omonf tvGefBuD;us,fvSygonf/ rnfonfh aumif;rI ajr§mufxm;ívnf; jrnfwrf;Mu\/ acsmuf urf;yg;rS vdrfhusovkdvnf; vl;vSdrfhMu\/ t&SiftmeE´monf aomujrifuGif; ukd jrifawGU&aomtcg ESvkH;om;wGif aiGUaiGU avmifaeaom aomuukd ajzodrhf\/ rv’wdkY \aomuukdvnf; ajzodrfhay;onf/ rv’wdkY\ y&da'0rD;awmufonfvnf; rsuf&nfwdkYESihf twl wdwfqdwfpjyKvmNyD/ t&SiftmeE´monf rv’wkdYtm; wpfOD;pD wpfOD;pD Ak'¨a&SUawmf arSmufodkY ydkYay;onf/ Ak'¨tm; aemufqkH;uef awmhjcif;jzihf uefawmhaponf/ ukodem½kH\ nOD;,Honf rsuf&nf aMumwGif ukefqkH;oGm;ayNyD/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf /

udk jyKvkyfcJhí þpnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk &&SdcJhyg oenf;[kar;onf/ wynhfawmfronf tvSLudkvnf; rvSLcJzh ;l yg? bk&m;&SiEf iS fh oHCmawmfwu Ykd v kd nf; ylaZmfjcif;rjyKcJhzl;yg? w&m;awmfudkvnf; rem Mum;cJhzl;yg/ odkYaomfvnf; wynhfawmfrrSm rrS e f a ompum;ud k rajymqd k r d a tmif owd x m;í xd e f ; od r f ; cJ h y gonf b k & m;? þod k Y r S e f a om pum;ud k o majymqd k c J h j cif ; aMumih f þpnf ; pd r f c srf ; omud k &&S d c J h y g aMumif ; avQmuf x m;tyf y gonf / t&Sifarm*¾vmefonf tjcm;aom bHkAdrmefwHcg;odkY <uoGm;NyD; &yfaeawmfrljyef&m ,if ; bH k A d r mef & S d ewf o rD ; u t&S i f j rwf u d k vma&mufNyD; &Sdcdk;í &yfaeonfwGif t&Sifol jrwfu þpnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk &&SdvmonfrSm rnfonfhaumif;rIukokdvfudk jyKvkyfvmcJhyg oenf ; [k ewf o rD ; tm; ar;jyef y gonf / xdkewforD;u t&Sifbk&m; wynhfawmfronf uóybk & m;&S i f y G i h f a wmf r l a om tcsd e f ü olwpfyg;\ uRefrjzpfcJhzl;\? xdkwynhfawmfr \ t&Sifonf tvGefyif &ufpufMurf;MuKwf\ EIwMf urf;wrf;\? eD;&mopfom;jzihv f nf;aumif;? xif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? OD;acgif;udk ½dkufwwf\/ odkYaomfvnf; wynhfawmfrrSm rdrdudk,fudkom qHk;rí wpfBudrfwpfcgzl;rQ trsufxGufcJhzl; jcif ; r&S d y g/ þod k Y trsuf r xG u f c J h z l ; aom aumif;rIaMumihf wynhaf wmfronf þewfpnf; pdrfcsrf;omudk &&SdcJhygonf[k avQmufxm; onf/ t&Sifarm*¾vmefonf tjcm;aom bHkAdrmef&Sd&m ewforD;xHodkY <uNyD;ar;jyefonf/ ewforD;u wynhaf wmfronf a&S;u BucH if;udk apmihfa&Smuf&aom qif;&JolrjzpfcJh&yg\/ &[ef;awmfwpfyg;tm; apwemo'¨gw&m;jzihf BuHwacsmif;udk ay;vSLcJhzl;onf/ xdkBuHvSLvkduf &aom apwem\ tusKd;aMumihf þodkYaom pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk &&SdvmcJhygonf[k avQmuf xm;ygonf/ t&Sifarm*¾vmefu ewforD;wdkY\ AdrmeftoD;oD;odkY qufvufí<uNyD; ar;jyef&m

ewforD;wpfa,mufu opfoD;wpfvHk; vSLcJhzl; aMumif;? tjcm;aomewforD;wpfa,mufu ocGm;oD;wpfvHk; vSLcJhzl;aMumif;? wpfa,muf aom ewforD;url? wrm&Gufwpfqkyfom ay; vSLcJhzl;aMumif;jzihf þodkYaom ewfpnf;pdrf csrf;omrIudk &&Sdvm&jcif;jzpfaMumif; avQmuf xm;ygonf/ t&Sifarm*¾vmefonf ewforD; rsm;\ avQmufxm;vmMuonfh pum;rsm;udk rSwfom;cJhNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY csOf;uyfum t&Sifbk&m; rSefaompumudk qdk½HkESihf a'goudk odrf;qnf;umrQESihf tenf;i,frQaom vSLzG,f &mrQESihf ewf\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk &&SdEkdifyg\ avm[k avQmufwifar;jref;ygonf/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u cspfom; arm*¾vmef rSefaompum;udkqdkaomaMumihf vnf;aumif;? trsux f u G jf cif;udk xde;f odr;f xm; jcif ; jzih f v nf ; aumif ; ? tenf ; i,f r Qaom tvS L ud k a y;vS L &aomaMumih f v nf ; aumif ; ewfjynfodkY a&muf&onfrSm oifhrsufjrifyif r[kwfygavm[k rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;u quf v uf í trS e f pum;ud k q d k & m\? ol w pf y g;od k Y trsufrxGuf&m? oDv&Sdaomol awmif;cH vmonf u d k tenf ; i,f r Qud k v nf ; ay;vS L &m\/ þoH k ; yg;aom taMumif ; wd k Y o nf ewf j ynf o d k Y a &muf & m taMumif ; jzpf o nf ud k a[mMum;awmf r l y gonf / þa'oemawmf\ tqHk;ü rsm;pGm aomolwdkYonf aomwmywdåzdkvfponfwdkYodkY a&mufMuukef\/ xdaYk Mumihf uREykf w f o Ykd nf usiv f nfae &aom b0rsm;wGif rkom;rygonfh rSefuef aompum;rsm;udo k m ajymqdo k mG ;&jcif;? trsuf a'gow&m;udk xde;f odr;f apmihaf &SmufomG ;&jcif; ESifh tenf;i,frQaom ypön;f Opömrsm;udk ay;vSL ae&apumrl? pdwfapwem xufoefpGmESihf ay;vS L &jcif ; jzih f aemuf a emif b 0rsm;wG i f aumif;&modkY a&muf&SdoGm;EkdifrnfjzpfaMumif; owdjyKMuyg&ef wifjyvdkuf&ygonf/ rif ; azjrih f ( rk ' H k ) ñT e f ; - *d r meok w å e f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

tmemygeówdur® |mef;ESifh t&yfoHk;yg; oQif a wZrmvm (e*g;ay:) tmemyge y&d*¾[dwm, owd,m o'¨d HorÜ,kawåm orm"d tmemygeówd orm"d/ (1) xG u f o uf 0 if o uf [ l o nf ]]tmem yge}} rnf \ / (2) rjywf a tmuf a rh r S w f o m;rI onf ]]owd } } rnf \ / (3) wpf c k w nf ; aom xG u f o uf 0if o uf t m½H k ü pl ; pd k u f w nf a erI o nf ]]orm"d } }rnf \ / þok H ; yg;vH k ; wd k Y \ aygif;jcif;t"dyÜm,fum; xGufouf0ifouf tm½H k ü rjywf a tmuf a rh r I E S i h f ,S O f a om wnfMunfrIonf ]]tmemygeówd orm"d}} rnf \ / jrwfAk'¨\ vrf;pOf[lonf udk,fwkdif od ud k , f w k d i f u sih f & aom vrf ; pOf j zpf \ / awmifw h í&aumif;aomvrf;pOfr[kw/f zefqif; í &aumif;aomvrf;pOfr[kwf/ a&omcdkí tm;udk;jyK&aom vrf;pOfr[kwf/ xdkYaMumifh yGmrsm;rI ]]bm0dw}}? tBurd af ygif;rsm;pGm avhvm tm;xkwfrI ]]A[kvDuw}} wdkYESihf jynhfpHkMu&\/ ,if;odkY avhvmyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí &vmaom tmemygeówdonf oaEÅm= tm½Hk Nidrfoufjcif;? yPDawmp= tm½HkrGefjrwfjcif;? taopeaump= csd K Nrd e f a umif ; jrwf a om t&om&Sjd cif;? okacgp0d[ma&m= ud, k pf w d Ef pS f yg; csr;f ompGmaexdik &f jcif;? tukov0lyor= tukov kd [ f o l rQ wpfcPcsi;f uG,af ysmufNird ;f at;apEdkifjcif;[laom tusdK;oufa&mufrIwdkY &S\ d / þtusKd ;wdu Yk m; omrnoabm&Sad o;\/ 0daoo oabmtm;jzihfum; rdrd\cE¨mudk,f jzpfrIysufrIESihf rodrIt0dZÆmwdkYudk xdk;xGif;í odjrifEdkifjcif;[laom t&d,r*fcsrf;om? tppf trS e f q H k ; Nidrf;at;jcif;[laom t&d,zdkvf csr;f omwdkYudk cHpm;Edkifyg\/ ,if;tmemygeówdjzihf oEÅç yPDwç taopeuç okc0d[m&ç tukov0lyorESihf t&d,r*fç t&d,zdv k [ f al om tusKd ;wdu Yk kd cHpm; EdkifzdkYtwGuf tmemygeówdt&mü tm;xkwf EdkifrI[lonf oihfjrwfqHk;ae&mXmeEÅ&ESihfvnf; jynfph zkH v Ykd akd o;\/ tm;xkwzf Ykd oifjh rwfq;kH t&yf

l *awm0gç wdkY[lonf t&n*awm0gç ½kur© v ok n m*g&*awm0g- wd k Y j zpf y g\/ t"dyÜm,fum;- (1) NrdKU&GmtxGuf wHcg;wdik \ f tjyifbuf&dS tvH;k pHak omt&yfonf ]]awm}} rnf\/ ¤if;NrKd U&GmwHcg;rSpí av;awmif &Sdaomwkwfjzihf tjyefig;&m&Sdaomt&yfonf vnf;aumif;? ig;&mtwGif;&Sdaomt&yfonf vnf;aumif; ]]awm}} rnf\/ qdwfNidrfcsrf;om ,m0da0uokc&Sad om xkEd pS rf sKd ;aomawmt&yf odkY uyfa&mufaejcif;onf ]]t&n*awm0g}} rnfyg\/ (2) aerGe;f wnhaf omtcg t&dyyf sUH ESUH ae&mt&yf avrwk d u f b J yuwd o pf & G u f a<uus&mt&yfwdkYonf opfyif\teD;t&yf rnf\/ ¤if;opfyift&if;odu Yk yfa&mufjcif;onf ]]½k u ©r l v*awm0g}} rnfyg\/ (3) yAÁw- awmifay:ausmif;? uE´&ajrmif;Mum;? acsmufMum;ausmif;? *d&d*k[awmifacgif;ç vdP k *f al usmif;? okome- okomef ausmif;? 0eyw¬- awmtkyaf usmif;? taAÇmum o- vGiw f ;D acgifausmif;? yvmvykÍ-Æ aumuf½;kd yHkausmif; þ (7) ausmif;odkY uyfa&mufjcif;udk ]]ok n m*g&*awm0g}} rnf y g\/ ur®|mef;w&m;tm;xkw&f mü ,if;odYk aom qdwfNidrf&mt&yf&SdzdkYvnf;vdk\/ tmem yge ówd[lonf orm"dwnfMunfzdkYtwGuf ygeówd

xGuo f uf0ifoufukd owdEiS u fh yfí ½I&jcif;jzpf \/ orm"dwnfMunfzdkY[lonf rdrd\ur®|mef; tm;xkwf&mywf0ef;usifESihfvnf; oufqdkif\/ ywf0ef;usiq f n l aH evQif vkyif ef;cGio f nf rjzpf/ tm½Hkonf wpfckwnf;ü pl;pdkufír&/ þwGif orm"donf rwnfNidrfEdkifawmh/ xdktcg rdrd\ &nf&G,f&mvrf; OD;wnfcsufyef;wkdifwdkYESihf vGJacsmfoGm;awmhayrnf/ þtmemygeówd ur® | mef ; onf (1) ur® | mef ; trsd K ;rsd K ;wG i f OD ; xd y f ozG , f j zpf a om ur® | mef ; rnf \ / (2) jrwfAk'¨onf tmemygeówd ur® | mef ; jzih f oAÁ n LwÓPf a wmf u d k &&S d cJh\/ rsufarSmufaomudk,f\tjzpfüvnf; tmemygeówd u r® | mef ; jzih f y if csrf ; om pG m wnf a eawmf r l c J h \ / (3) yapö u Ak ' ¨ g bk & m;rsm;onf vnf ; yapö u aAm"d Ó Pf u d k tmemyge ówd j zih f &cJ h M u\/ (4) jrwf A k ' ¨ \ wynh f & [ef ; awmf wd k Y w G i f om0uÓPf a wmf u d k tmemyge ówd j zih f & cJ h M u\/ þtjyif psmef ormywf & í csrf ; ompG m aeEd k i f a wmf r l Mujcif ; onf v nf ; tmemygeówd ur® | mef ; yif j zpf \ / xdkYaMumihf þíþrQwefzdk;BuD;rm;vS aom tmemygeówdur®|mef;Bu;D udk tm;xkwf pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

ukd,fhukd,fukd pnf;urf;&Sdyg pH & d y f N id r f q &mawmf

He who beings many things finishes nothig. (C sim mon)

tvk y f r sm;pG m vk y f z d k Y tpysKd ; xm; wJ h o l [ m bmuk d r S NyD ; ajrmuf a tmif vkyfaqmifEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ (pD pifrGef) pnf;urf;qkdwm vlwpfa,muf&JU wefzkd;vkdY ajymwwfMuygw,f/ 'Dvydk gyJ/ pnf;urf;qkdwm vlwpfa,muf&JU atmifjrifryI ef;wdik v f nf; jzpfvyYdk gyJ/ bmaMumihf ygvJ/ atmifjrifcsifwJhol[m wpfckckukd a&G;cs,fNyD; taumif;qkH;vkyfaqmif&rSmjzpf ovd k ? rjzpf j zpf a tmif v nf ; vk y f a qmif & ygr,f/ 'gayr,hf.. rjzpfraevkyyf gvkYd b,fou l rS rdru d dk wGe;f tm;ray;Ekid yf gbl;/ rdru d , dk w f idk u f yJ rdru d dk wGe;f tm;ay; &ygw,f/ 'Dawmh.. tvkyfeJYywfoufNyD; pnf;urf;&SdzdkY vdt k yfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzihfrdrdtvkyfukd a&G;cs,fNyD;vkyfwJhvl wpfa,muftzkYd tJ't D vkyu f dk vkycf si&f ifvnf; vkyfEkdifovkd rvkyfcsif&ifvnf; &ygw,f/ rdro d abmygyJ/ odkYaomfrd r d t ay:rS m rnf o l w pf O D ; wpf a,mufurS BuD;Muyfr,fholr&SdaomaMumifh rdrdukd,fukd pnf;urf;&SdzdkYuawmh ta&;BuD; ygw,f/

rdrd&JUpnf;urf;[m rdrd&JUatmifjrifrI jzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh.. rdrdb0&yfwnfa&;? b0atmifjrif a&;twGufyg pnf;urf;&SdzkdYqkdwm vdktyfyg w,f/ vl a wG u vnf ; vl w pf a ,muf & J U wefzkd;&SdrI? wefzkd;rJhrIukd tJ'Dvl&JU pnf;urf;&Sd r&S d r I t ay:rS m yJ rl w nf u m qk H ; jzwf ay;wwf M uvd k Y y gyJ / rd r d & J U tvk y f E S i h f atmif j rif r I q k d w J h t&mud k v nf ; pnf ; urf ; jzih f uG y f u J xd e f ; od r f ; jcif ; r&S d c J h b l ; qk d & if a&&S n f r S m atmif j rif r S m r[k w f y gbl ; / yvk d i f ; ayguf e J Y zm;aumuf o vk d jzpfaerSmyg/ wu,fh wu,fawmhvltrsm;[m pnf;urf;rJhwJholeJYqkd&if oleJYqufqHorQvlawG[m av;pm;rSmr[kwf ovdk tvkyt f wlvyk zf v Ydk nf; pdwrf 0ifpm;ygbl;/ pnf ; urf ; &S d w J h o l pepf u swJ h o l e J Y y J tusKd;wl yl;aygif;aqmif&GufMuwm obm0yg/ vlY&JUobm0ukdu.. rdru d , dk w f idk u f pnf;urf;r&S&d ifawmif rS rdrdeJY qufqHaygif;oif;wJhol[m pnf;urf; &SdoljzpfcsifMuwm vlYoabmjzpfygw,f/ bmaMumifhvnf;qkdawmh.. vltrsm;&JU av;pm;rIukd &&SdzkdYqkdwm pnf;urf;&SdzkdY vkdtyfovdk pnf;urf;r&SdygbJ vltrsm;ukd pnf;½kH;zkdY rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ vl t rsm;&J U av;pm;rI u k d r&&S d w J h vl w pf a ,muf t zk Y d atmif j rif r I & zk d Y q k d w m rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ pnf;urf;rJhwJholwpfOD;eJY qufqH& wm[m ykHaorwnfNrJwJhtwGuf tvkyftudkif BuD;BuD;rm;rm; vkyfMuwJholrsm;[m aemufqkwf oGm;wwfMuygw,f/ wu,fawmh.. pnf ; urf ; qk d w m aoaocsmcsm pepfwus avhvmxm;r,fqkdygu rdrdukd,fukd xdef;odrf;rItwGufyg vkdtyfwJht&mrsm;qkdwm ukd wjznf;jznf; odvmygvdrfhr,f/

Oyrmtm;jzihf... q,fwef;ausmif;om;wpfa,muf [m uGr;f pm;? aq;vdyaf omufwm raumif;bl; vdkY rdbESihf q&morm;rsm;u ajymayr,fh rvkdufemcsifMuygbl;/ tu,fí tJ'rD aumif;wJt h usiafh wG ukd usihfokH;vkdufwm[m rdbeJY q&morm;ukd pnf;urf;azmuf&ma&mufovdk rdrdukd,fukd vnf; zsufqD;vkdufwmyg/ wu,fvkdYom.. a&SmifMuOfvkdufr,fqkd&ifawmh rdb ESihf q&morm;awGtay:udk wm0efaus&m a&mufovdk ukd,fhukd,fukdvnf; pnf;urf;jzihf pepfwus abmifuGyfvkdufwmyJjzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh.. pnf ; urf ; qk d w J h t &mrsm;[mvnf ; rdrdb0 wkd;wufrI&Sdvmavav rsm;jym;NyD; vkdufemzkdY txl;vkdtyfvmavygyJ/ pn;f u rf ; qk d w J h a e&mrS m vnf ; trsm; jynfolawGtwGuf a&;om;xkwfjyef xm;wJ h t &mawG & S d o vk d ra&;om; rxk w f jyef x m;ayr,f h rd r d w k d Y & J U tod w &m;jzih f owd x m;um usih f o k H ; vk d u f e m&rS m awG trsm;BuD ; &S d y gw,f / tJ'DxJura&;om; rjy|mef;wJph nf;urf;awGudk rdrdtodjzihf usihfokH;EkdifwJholawG[m a&;om; jy|mef;xm;wJh pnf;urf;awGudkyg vkdufemEdkif ygvdrfhr,f/ tcsdefeJYtrQ b0ukd tusKd;&Sd&Sd tok;H csavh&w dS o hJ al wG[m pnf;urf;ukd vku d ef m zdkY 0efrav;ygbl;/ tjyKoabmaqmif w J h vl a wG u pnf ; urf ; uk d oabmwl N yD ; tysuf o abm aqmif w J h v l a wG u pnf ; urf ; qk d w mBuD ; uk d rk e f ; wD ; ygw,f / wu,fatmifjrifwJholawGu rdrd&JU wm0efodpdwfeJY rdrdbmom vdkufemoihfwJh pnf;urf;rsm;ukd pepfwus csrSwfxm;ygw,f/ rdrdwnf;[laom taMumif;tm;jzihf olwpfyg; ukd rxdckdufapygbl;/ wu,fawmh pnf;urf; qk d w m yg;pyf u b,f a vmuf y if a jymajym pmrsuf E S m 38 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

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12345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456 12345678901234567890123456789012123456 VISION OF THE DHAMMA 12345678901234567890123456789012123456

tmoa0gw&m;wkrYd S vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; A way of escape from the noose "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o k d v f )

tcgwyg;ü t&SiftmeE´monf aumorÁDjynf aCmodwm½Hk ausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\/ xdktcg t&SifO'g,D(umVK'g,D)onf t&SiftmeE´mxHodkY csOf;uyfNyD;aemuf t&SiftmeE´mESifhtwl 0rf;ajrmuf trS w f & zG , f p um;ud k a jymqd k N yD ; qH k ; apNyD ; vQif wpf c k a om ae&mü xdkifvsuf t&SiftmeE´mtm; þodkYaom pum;udkavQmufav\/ ]]igY&Sif tmeE´m yÍömvp@ewfom;onf}} ]]wpfyg;wnf; ude;f atmif;awmfrí l jrwfawmfrl odawmfral om tMuifjrwfpmG bk&m;onf psmefuo kd ad wmfrNl y;D Bu;D us,af omynm&Sad wmf rlaom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf usOf;ajrmif;&mü a&mufaomtcGihf (ae&m) udkodawmfrl\}} [laom þpum;udkqdktyf\[k ajymqdk\/ usOf;ajrmif;&m[lonftb,fenf; ]]igY&SifusOf;ajrmif;&m[lonf tb,fygenf;/ tb,fudk usOf; ajrmif;&mü tcGihf(ae&m)&onf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlygoenf;}} [kar;\/ umr*k P f i g;rsKd ; wd k Y o nf usOf ; ajrmif ; &mjzpf \ ]]igY&iS f þumr*kPif g;rsK;d wdu Yk kd usO;f ajrmif;&m[k jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfrl\/ tb,fig;rsKd;wdkYenf;[lrl tvdk&Sdtyfukef ESpfouftyf ukef? ESvHk;udkyGm;apwwfukef? cspfzG,faom oabm&Sdukef? umrESihf pyfukef? wyfpGef;zG,f&Sdukefaom pu©K0dnmPfjzihf odtyfukefaom ½lyg½Hk? aomw0dÓPfjzihf odtyf ukefaom o'´g½Hk? Cme0dÓPfjzihf

Once, when the venerable Ananda- was dwelling near Kosambi in Ghosita Park, the venerable Uda-yi- (Ka-luda-yi ) visited him and, after exchanging the usual polite talk, sat down at one side. And so seated, he said to the venerable Ananda-; "This reverand sir, was said by the deva (devaputta) Pañca-lacan.d.a: "From noose escape he found, quick sage, who woke To musing– wakened, seer, adept, withdrawn" Now what, sir, is the noose and what the way of escape declared by the Exalted One?" These five stand of sense desire, reverend sir, are called the noose by the Exalted One. What five? Froms congnized by the eye, longed for alluring, pleasurable, lovely, bound up with passion and desire; sounds cognized by the ear...smells by the nose... tastes by the tongue...contacts by the touch, longed for allring, pleasurable, lovely, bound up with passion and desire– these five strands of sense, desire are called the noose by the Exalted One. Consider, reverend sir, the monk who, aloof from sense desire,...enters and abides in the first musing– thus far, reverend sir, and in one particular did the Exalted One declare a way of escape from the noose. But there, too, is a noose; and what is there? In so far as thought applied and sustained is not ended; that there is the noose. Now consider, sir, the monk who...enters and abides in the second musing...the third..the fourth...in the sphere of infinite space..of infinite consciousness...of nothingness...of neigher perception nor non-perception..in the ending of perception and feeling and sees by wisdom that the cankers are completely destroyed–thus far and with no (further) particular did the Exalted One declare a way of escape from the noose.

odtyfukefaom *E¨m½Hk/ Zd0Sm0dÓPf jzihfodtyfukefaom &om½Hk/ tvd k & S d t yf u k e f ? ES p f o uf t yf u k e f a om ES v H k ; ud k yG m ;apwwf u k e f ? cspf z G , f o abm&S d u k e f ? umrES i h f p yf u k e f ? wyf p G e f ; zG , f & S d u k e f a om pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y