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t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE´(Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw a'guw f mb'´ EÅynm0Ho(Ph.D) w&m; Oya' pkd;rkd;a&; trsKd;om;jyefvnf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf ckdifrmonfh zJGYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfjzpfay:vma&; pmwnf;csKyf jzpfay:vmonfh zJGYpnf;yHktajccHOya'opfEiS t hf nD acwfrzD YGH NzKd ;wk;d wufaomEkdifiHawmfopfwpf&yf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d wnfaqmufa&; ("r®mp&d,? bDat) pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukv d nf; pmwnf ; tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd bufpHkzHGUNzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&; jynfwiG ;f ? jynfyrStwwfynmESit hf &if;tES;D rsm; zdwaf c:í xk wf wf a0 ol pD;yGm;a&;zHYG NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;ukd zefwD;Ekid rf pI rG ;f tm;onf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f EkdifiHawmfESifhwkdif;&if;om; jynfolwkdY\vuf0,fwGif&Sda&; jynfolYoabmxm; jynfytm;ukd;ykqdef½kd;tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu Ekid if aH wmf wnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekid if aH wmfw;dk wufa&;ukd aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu Ek d i f i H a wmf \ jynf w G i f ; a&;uk d 0if a &muf p G u f z uf aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu jynfwGif;? jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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jzefYcsda&; vIid Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d f zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

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udk,fydkifvrf;aMumif;qdkwm bmvJ¿ i,fpOfb0wkef;u rdrd&JU ESmacgif;rSm ½SLoGif;½SLxkwfaewJhavuav;udk tm½HkjyKNyD; avhusihfcJhzl; wmudk oGm;owd&w,f/ pdwu f av; Nird o f mG ;wmudk oGm;awGUw,f/ at;tJ'g[m wu,hfvrf;aMumif;jzpfavmufw,f/ todÓPfjzpfay:r,hf vrf;aMumif;u tJ'v D rf;aMumif;jzpfavmufw,fqNkd y;D cE¨mud, k rf QrQww jzpfNy;D tiftm;&Sv d matmif bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m tpmtm[m&rsm; pm;NyD; oludk,fwkdif&SmazGawGU&SdwJhvrf;aMumif;udkavQmufw,f/ ]]w&m;&Sm udk,frSmawGU}} qdkwJhtwdkif; w&m;qdkwm tjyifrSm oGm;&Sm&wmr[kwfbl;/ rdrdESmacgif;aygufav;u 24-em&D ½SLxkwfaewJh av? ½SLoGif;aewJhavav;? tJ'D½SLoGif;½SLxkwfvkyfaewJh avav;ay:rSm tm½Hpk u kd x f m;w,f/ tJ'v D t kd m½Hpk u kd x f m;vku d w f t hJ cg orm"dprG ;f tm;awG &NyD;awmh yxrpsmefç 'kwd,psmefç wwd,psmefç pwkw¬psmefç tbdnmOf awG&w,f/ bk&m;tavmif;[m udk,hfvrf;pOfeJYudk,foGm;vkdufwm yxr ,mrfrSm ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf-twdwfb0awGudkMunhf&if jrifEdkif pGrf;&SdwJh tbdnmOfudk&oGm;w,f/ 'kwd,,mrfa&mufwJhtcg 'dAÁpu©K ÓPf- a0;wJhae&mç jcm;uG,fwJhae&mç ao;i,fwJhae&mawGudk vSrf;NyD; MunhfEdkifwJh tbdnmOfudk&w,f/ rdk;aomuf,rfa&mufwJhtcgusawmh rdro d EÅmefrmS oHo&mu npfax;vmwJh udavomtylawG tnpftaMu; awGudk z,f&Sm;ypfEdkifwJh tmo0u©,ÓPf &w,f/ 0dyóemvrf;aMumif;udk ajymif;vku d w f meJw Y pfNyKd ief uf rd;k aomuf ,mrfrSm tmo0u©,ÓPf qdkwm&w,f/ tJ'D tmo0u©,ÓPf &vdkufwmeJY bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&mufwmyJ/ tJ'g udk,fydkifvrf;aMumif; ajymif;avQmufwmayhg/ tJ'v D kd ud, k yf ikd v f rf;aMumif;ajymif;avQmufvu dk f pd E Å m r,wJt h cg ud, k v f ckd siw f v hJ rf;qH;k udk awGUoGm;w,fw/hJ 'gaMumifrh Ykd qdkwm bk&m;tavmif;awGrSmyJ&Sdw,f/ bm0emr, qdkwmusawmh udk,hfoEÅmefrSm tBudrfBudrf txyfxyfjzpfatmif BudK;pm;jcif;u xkwfvkyfay;wJhynmrsdK;/ tm½Hkay: pdwu f av;avhusiafh y;Ny;D - qdyk gpd?Yk ckeu xGuaf v0ifav tm½Hak v;ay: rSm pdwfeJYtm½Hk xyfwvJvJawGUaeatmif avhusihfay;wm/ 5-rdepfu 10- rdepf? 10- rdepfu em&D0uf? 1- em&D? 2- em&D? 3- em&Dqdkwm pOfqufrjywf xGufav0ifavvdkYqdkwJh tm½Hkav;ay:rSm pdwfuav;udk uyfxm;NyD;awmh tm½HkeJY pOfqufrjywf avhusihfay;aewmudk bm0em

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'Dvdk rdrdoEÅmefrSm pdwfudkavhusihfay;vdkY wdk;wufjzpfay: vmwJh bm0emu xkwfvkyfay;vkdufwJh todynmudk bm0emr,ynm vdkY ajym&w,f/ t&ifwkef;u rNrJwmawGç ajymif;vJaewmawG rodbl;? rjrif bl;/ pdwfuav;eJY tm½HkuyfNyD;awmh avhusihfay;vkdufwJhtcgusawmh puúefYrvyf jzpfNyD;ysufaewmygvm;qdkwmudk odvmw,f/ 0dyóemÓPf&ifh&if &ifhoavmufyJ/ aemufqHk;rSm jzpfw,fqdkwmawmif rjrifbl;/ ysufwmawGcsnf; yJ jrifaew,f/ tJ'Dvdk 0dyóemÓPf &ifhoGm;vdkY&Sd&if avmuBuD;rSm jzpfaew,fqdkwmawmif r&Sdavmufatmif tysuaf wGu jrefveG ;f tm;Bu;D aew,fqdkwm jrifvmw,f/ tJ'DvkdtjrifrsdK;udk bm0emr, vdaYk c:w,f/ tJ'u D ae wqihw f ufwt hJ cgudavomawGukd z,f&mS ;Edik w f hJ r*fÓPfç xdu k ad vomawG&UJ k -då tylawGukd xyfrNH ird ;f owfay;Edik w f hJ zdv k Ó f PfawGu&kd Ny;D udavomawGu vH;k 0vGwo f mG ;Ny;D 0drw vGwfajrmufrIqdk wmukd &&SdoGm;w,f/ vGwaf jrmufw,fqw kd m b,fawmhrS jyefrqufpyfawmhb;l / rvGwaf o;&if jyefqufpyfrd aew,f/ vGwfoGm;NyDqdkwm vHk;0pyfqufvdkY r&awmhbl;/ tJ'Dvdk r*fç zdkvfç edAÁmefxdatmif &oGm;wJhÓPfudk bm0em r,ÓPf? bm0emr,ynm vdkYac:w,f/ bk e f ; BuD ; wd k Y w awG & J U oEÅ m ef r S m jzpf E d k i f w mu bmjzpf E d k i f v J ? w&m;emjcif ; jzih f ok w r,ÓPf &w,f / Mum;em&wJ h t ajccH a v;ay:rS m trS D j yKNyD ; awmh pd w f u d k t m½H k e J Y avhusihfay;vdkY&Sd&if bm0emr,ynm qdkwm&Edkifw,f/ okwr, u bm0emr, udkoGm;r,f/ okwr, eJY &yfaew,fqkd&ifawmh todav;avmufyJ/ avmuaMumi;ftaeeJY ajymr,fqdk&if theory ayhg/ enf;vrf;ydkif;avmufav;om&w,f/ vufawGUoHk;NyD; rMunhfbl;/ practical rvkyfbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if bm0emr, r&Edkifbl;wJh/ tJ'DynmESpf&yfaygif;pyfNyD; bm0emr,ynm jzpfrS ud, k v f ckd siw f v hJ rf;aMumif;ay:a&mufNy;D xl;xl;jcm;jcm; w&m;xl;w&m; jrwfqw kd m &Edik w f m/ bk & m;tavmif ; awmf r sm;rS m awmh ok w r, rvd k b l ; / pd E Å m r, eJ Y oG m ;w,f / udk,fydkifÓPfjzihf awG;awmqifjcifNyD; avhusihfw,f/ olwdkY vnf; avhusihf&wJh bm0emr, qdkwm&Sd&w,f/ r&Sd&if bk&m;rjzpfbl;? yapöuAk'¨g rjzpfbl;/ pdEÅmr, r,av;eJYwif &yfaevdkYr&bl;/ bm0emr, wdkifatmif oGm;&r,f/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY okwr,ynm udk tqihfjr§ihfwJh tcg bm0emr,ynm jzpf&r,f/ pdEÅmr,ynm udk tqihfjr§ihfvkduf wJhtcg bm0emr,ynm jzpf&r,f/ 'g ynm&zdkY&eftwGuf enf;vrf; oHk;oG,fwJh/ tckvdk w&m;yGJusif;yNyD; w&m;emw,fqdkwm okwr,ÓPf &zdkY qnf;yl;tm;xkwf aeMuwm? 'Denf;eJY rdrdwdkYb0rSm tifrwefrS wefzdk; &SdwJh todynmawGudk &&SdEdkifw,f/ aemufwjcm;enf;eJY&Edkifwmu rSefrSefuefuefa&;om;azmfjy xm;wJh pmtkyfawGudk zwfw,f/ rdrdrodvdkY r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufawGudk odwJhyk*¾dKvfawGudk ar;jrefw,f? aqG;aEG;w,f/ tJ'gawGvnf;yJ todÓPf wdk;wuf&&Sdjcif;&JU taMumif;w&m;awGyJ/ tJ'Denf;awGrygbJeJY todÓPf &w,fqdkwm avmurSmr&Sdygbl;/ tod Ó Pf & zd k Y tod Ó Pf & jcif ; taMumif ; ud k vk y f & r,f / b,f t &myJ j zpf j zpf avmuDudpöyJjzpfjzpft&mcyfodrf;[m qkdif&mqkdif&m taMumif;w&m;awG&SdMuwmcsnf;yJ/ tJ'Dqkdif&mqdkif&mtaMumif;w&m; awGudk rvkyfbl;qdk&if bmrSjzpfvmrSmr[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumihf Ak'¨jrwfpGmomoemawmfjrwfBuD;eJY BuHKaewJhtckduf av;rSm okwr,ÓPf &atmifvnf;vkyf&r,f/ xdk okwr,ÓPf udk tajccHNyD; bm0emr, qdkwJh vufawGU usihfoHk;rIudkvnf; vkyf&r,f wJh/ tJ'D 2- ckeJYrS rdrdwdkY&JUb0rSm wefzdk;&SdwJhb0rSmjzpfvdkY y&dowf tm;vHk; 'Dtodav;&Sdxm;&r,f/ aumif;NyD- jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mxm;wJhtwdkif; okwr,ÓPf &atmif bkef;BuD;wdkYu ajymzdkY&mu ]]jzpfEdkifwmeJY rjzpfEdkifwm}}- bmawG ujzpfEdkifNyD;awmh bmawGu rjzpfEdkifwmwkef;/ 'Dw&m;awGudk b,frSm rSwfwrf;xm;vJ/ edum,f 5-&yfxJrSm t*Fkwå&edum,f qdkwm&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dt*Fkwå&edum,frSm tcsufwpfckpDwpfckpDudk pkaygif;NyD;xm;wJh {u edygwfqdkwm&Sdw,f/ tJ ' D { ued y gwf r S m ]]jzpf E d k i f w meJ Y rjzpf E d k i f w m}} awG u d k p k N yD ; rS w f w rf ; wif x m;w,f / tJ'Dt*Fkwå&edum,fu xkwfEIwfNyD; bkef;BuD;wdkYa[myghr,f/ aemufwpfcku tJ'DtcsuftvufawGudkyJ tbd"r®m 7-usrf;rSm tygt0ifjzpfwJh

5

Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) yÍö * ¾ ' g,ujAm[® P 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg v,fO;D ç wvif;OD;ç e,fO;D ç xrif;tk;d odYk xnfOh ;D ç xrif;yJo G Ykd cl;OD; þtOD; ig;yg;ukd vSLavh&adS om aMumihf yÍö*¾rnfaom ykPÖm;tm; tem*grf wnftHhonfukd jrifawmfrlí xkdykPÖm;tdrfodkY <uí qGrf;&yf\/ ykPÖm;vnf; xrif;pm;qJ jzpfí xuf0ufpm;NyD;aomxrif;ukd vSLNyD;í avmuü twkr&Sdaom *kPfawmfüjynhfpkHaom torÇdEérif;rsKd;jzpfawmfrlvsuf xuf0ufpm; NyD ; aomxrif ; uk d tvS L cH a wmf r l a yonf [ k MunfnKdí t&Sifbk&m;wdkYonf wynhfom0u wd k Y t m; bd u © K ac:uk e f \ / taMumif ; um; tb,fenf;[k jyóemavQmuf&mwGif a[m awmfrljcif;iSm ]]oAÁaom emr ½lyod® H}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ oAÁaom emr½lyo®d H? ,ó ew¦d rrm,dwH/ towm p e aompwd? oa0 ]]bdu©L}} wd 0kpöwd/ jref r muAsm vkH;pkHemrf½kyf igpGJjyKwfaomf? emrf½kyfysufvJ pdwfxJrSmaemf? pkd;&drfxefjyif; &Sif;&Sif;uif;aomf? xkdoltm; ac:jim; &[ef;awmf/ He who no thought of ''I and mine'' whatever towards mind and body, he who grieves not for that which he has not, he is indeed called a bhikkhu.

pum;ajy/ / (tvkH;pkHaom) ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;wdkYü ig? ig\Opöm[k ]]xifjrif,lq p&m}} pGJvrf;p&m bmwpfckrSr&Sd/ xkd½kyfemrf w&m; csKyfysufíoGm;aomfvnf; pkd;&drfylaqG; jcif; r&Sdaomolukd pifppf &[ef;[kac:onf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

6

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ES m acgif ; ? vQm? ud k , f ? pd w f - [l a om tm½Hak jcmufyg;? 'Gm&ajcmufayguf? £ajEr´ sm;udk rapmihpf nf;bJ NrKd UwGi;f ? &GmwGi;f ? &yfuu G w f iG ;f odYk qGrf;cH<u\/ tqif;rsdK;pHk? toHrsdK;pHk? &eHYrsKd;pHk? t&omrsdK;pHk? tawGUtxdrsdK;pHk? pdwful;a&mifpHk wnf ; [l a om tm½H k a jcmuf y g;? umr*k P f w&m;rsm;udk Nrdef,SufpGm cHpm;pHpm;aeMuonhf umrabm*D avmuD v l o m;rsm;ud k jrif r d awGUrd\/ xd k t cgü rd r d o nf v nf ; rd r d \ udk,fwGif;ü udef;atmif;vsuf&Sdaom tElo, udavomw&m;rsm; xç <uvmNyD;vQif umr *kPftm½Hkrsm;udk cHpm;csifpdwf jzpfay:vm wwf \ / xd k o d k Y j zpf a y:vmaomtm½H k u d k 0dyóemÓPfwifí rqifjcifEdkifaomtcg pdwq f if½ikd ;f udk ynmcRe;f jzihf rxde;f csKyEf ikd af om tcg vlxGufoGm;av\/ þ&[ef;rsKd;udk- ]0J*,uf ab;'Pf rcHEdkifbJ 0J*,ufab;'PfaMumihf vlxGuf ol} [k qdktyf\/ þwG i f ]0J * ,uf } [l o nf umr *kPfig;yg;? tm½Hkig;yg;? tm½Hkajcmufyg;udk qd k v d k j cif ; jzpf a y\/ (p) þavmuü tcsKd Uaom trsKd ;aumif; om;onf 0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfuif;&ef &nf & G , f & if ; jzih f &[ef ; jyKcJ h o nf rS e f y g\/ od k Y & mwG i f tjrif ? tMum;? teH Y ? tpm;? tawG U tm½H k u mr*k P f w d k Y u d k awG U jrif & mü xdef;csKyfEdkifrIr&Sday/ £a`E´udk rapmihfpnf;bJ [dkMunhf?

'DMunhf? [dk[mpHkprf;? 'D[mpHkprf;jzihf &GmwGif;?

NrKd UwGi;f ? &yfuu G w f iG ;f odYk qGr;f cH0if\/ odrYk [kwf taMumif;udpöwpfrsdK;rsdK;jzihf NrdKUwGif;&GmwGif; &yfuGufwGif;odkY a&muf&Sd\/ pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

7

t*Fgajcmufyg;ESijfh ynhpf akH om tvSL &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k )

pmzwf o l r sm; 'geaumif ; rI \ tusK;d Bu;D rm;&yHt k aMumif;udv k nf;aumif;? 'ge aumif ; rI \ tusKd ; ay;,k w f a vsmh & jcif ; taMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? owdjyKrdMuap&ef &nf&G,fvsuf t*Fkwå&edum,f? quúedygwf? av;ckajrmufa'0wm0*fESihf ckepfckajrmuf 'ge okwfrS Zmwfom"uaumufEkwfjyqdkcsifyg onf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;? om0wd¬jynfaZw0ef ausmif ; awmf ü oD w if ; oH k ; aeawmf r l p Of a0VKu@uD N rd K Uol ? eE´ r mwmtrnf & S d a om Oygodumronf &Sifom&dykwå&mESihf &Sifr[m arm*¾vmefwdkYtrSL;&Sdaom &[ef;oHCmawmf rsm;tm; t*Fgajcmufyg;ESihf jynhfpHkaom tvSL BuD;ay;vSLaeonfudk 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmOfjzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;jrifawmfrlí ausmif;awmfBuD; twGif;&Sd &[ef;y&dowfwdkYtm; ac:awmfrlNyD; vQif... ]]cspfom; &[ef;wdkY a0VKu@uDNrdKU ol? eE´rmwm OygoDumronf om&dykwå&mESihf arm*¾vmefwdkYtrSL;&Sdaom &[ef;oHCmtm; t*Fgajcmufyg;ESihf jynhfpHkaom tvSLukd ay;vSL ae\? t*F g ajcmuf y g;ES i f h j ynh f p k H a omtvS L qkdonfrSm(1) rvSLrD a&S;tzdkYu BudKwifí 0rf ; ajrmuf j cif ; ?

(2) vS L 'gef ; aeqJ t cgrS m pd w f apwem aumif ; pG m Munf v if j cif ; ?

(3) vSL'gef;NyD;aomtcg ESpfouf 0rf ; ajrmuf a ompd w f & S d j cif ; qd k a om tvS L U

'g,um 'g,d u mrwd k Y buf u t*F g oH k ; rsKd ; / (1) &m*uif ; NyD ; ol jzpf j cif ; (od k Y r [k w f ) &m* uif ; &ef usih f B uH a eol jzpf jcif ; / (2) a'gouif ; NyD ; ol jzpf j cif ; (od k Y r[k w f ) a'go uif ; &ef u sih f B uH a eol jzpf j cif ; (3) arm[uif ; NyD ; ol jzpfjcif; (odkY r[kwf) arm[uif;&ef usihfBuHaeol jzpfjcif; qdkaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf bufu t*FgoHk;yg; tvSLay;ol? tvSLcHol ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufü jynhpf akH e&rnfh þt*Fgajcmufyg; ESihf jynhfpHkaeaom tvSLBuD;udk eE´rmwm ay;vSLae\}} ]]cspfom; &[ef;wdkY r[mork'´&m a&udk EdiI ;f ,SOcf siw hf u G í f r&Ekid o f uJo h Ykd þt*Fg ajcmufyg;ESihfjynhfpHkaeaom tvSL\ tusKd;pD; yGm;udkvnf; EdIif;,SOfcsihfwGufjcif;iSm r&Ekdif? pifppfaomfum;..r[mork'´&mü&Sdaom tpk udk ra&wGufEkdifaom a&tpk[k vufavQmh t*Fgajcmufyg; Ny;D ac:qd&k ouJo h Ykd xdt Yk wl...t*F ESihfjynhfpHkaom tvSLudkvnf; twdkif;twm rod E d k i f a tmif tusKd ; ay;BuD ; rm;jcif ; &S d a om tvS L [l í om ac:qd k & ay\}} [k jrwf p G m bk & m; rd e f Y M um;awmf r l v d k u f \ / þokwåefZmwfygVdawmfvm jrwfpGm bk & m;\ pum;awmf t & tvS L ay;ol yk * ¾ d K vf w d k Y b uf u yk A Á ? rk Í ö ? ty&[l a om apwemoHk;yg; jywfom;xufoefjcif;? tvSLcH yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;bufuvnf;yJ avmb? a'go? arm[ w&m;rsm;uif;NyD;oljzpf&jcif;? avmb? a'go? arm[ruif;ao;vQiv f nf; uif;atmifusiBhf uH aeoljzpfjcif;qdkaom usihf0wfw&m;oHk;yg;ESihf jynhfpHk&ayvdrhfrnf/ xdkuJhodkY ESpfOD;ESpfbufü &Sdtyfaom t*Fgajcmufyg;ESihfjynhfpHkMurSom vQif wefcdk;awaZmftmEkabmfBuD;aom tvSL \ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk &&SdcHpm;Ekdifrnfjzpfayonf/ xdkYtwl 'ouedygwf udk;ckajrmuf "r®ygvZmwfwGif oka'¨g'erif;tavmif;awmf jzpf a om r[m"r® y gvyk P Ö m ;BuD ; ud k 'd o m ygarmu©q&mBuD;u...

]]ykPÖm;BuD; oifwdkY"r®ygv trsKd;wdkY ü tb,f a Mumih f i,f & G , f o l u av;rsm; raoqHk;MubJ toufwrf;jynhfrSom aoqHk; Mu&avovJ}} [k ar;jref;av&m r[m"r®ygv ykPÖm;BuD;u ]]igwd[ Yk m rvSLrDa&S;tzdu Yk aumif;pGm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjcif;jzpfMuygw,f vSL'gef; aeqJtcgrSmvnf; trSew f u,f 0rf;ajrmufae aom pdwf&SdMuygw,f? vSL'gef;NyD;oGm;tcg rSmvnf; trSefwu,fyifwGefYwdk ylyefjcif; r&SdMuygbl;? 'DtaMumif;oHk;&yfaMumihf igwkdY&JU r[m"r®ygvrsKd;½dk;rSm toufrjynhfbJ uav; oli,frsm;? raoqH;k Muyg? ao½d;k xH;k pHr&Syd gbl;}} [kajymMum;cJhayonf/ þ"r®ygvZmwfawmfvm ykPÖm;BuD; \ tajzpum;ESihf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum; aom t*Fgajcmufyg;ESihf jynhfpHkonfh tvSL\ tusKd ; pD ; yG m ;BuD ; rm;yH k a [mMum;csuf pum; awmfrsm;t& t*Fgajcmufyg;ESihf jynhfpHkaom tvSL\ tusKd;BuD;rm;yHkudk od&SdEkdifMuNyDjzpf\/ od&Yk mwGif o'¨gw&m;&So d rl sm;om tvSLay;Ekid Mf u aomaMumihf tvSLay;jcif;ESifh qufE, G af eaom o'¨gw&m;\ teuft"dyÜg,fudk a0zefoHk;oyf EkdifpGrf;&SdzdkYvdktyfygao;onf/ tvSLaumif;rIaMumihf cHpm;&&Sdtyf aom tusKd;aus;Zl;onf uHç uH\ tusKd;udk ,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m;&SdrSom cHpm;EkdifcGihf &S d a vonf / ,H k M unf r I o '¨ g w&m;r&S d v Qif vSLrnfr[kwfí vSLrS&&Sdtyfaom tusKd;pD; yGm;udk cHpm;&rnfr[kwfacs/ o'¨g[laom pum;udk o'¨gt&if;wdkif; teufjyefqdkvQif ]aumif ; pG m aqmif x m;wwf a omw&m;} [k t"dyÜg,f&\/ ]aumif ; pG m aqmif x m;wwf a om w&m;} [l a om pum;\teuf o abmrS m tvGeMf unfvifíaeaom a&onf v\ t&dyf ae\ t&dyfyHkwdkYudk aqmifxm;EkdifouJhodkY aumif;pGmaqmifxm;wwfMuaom o'¨gw&m; onfvnf; udavomjrLtnpftaMu; uif;pif ojzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfawmf tp&Sdaom tm½Hrk sm;udk o'¨gw&m;ESifh jynhpf kH aom olonf aumif;pGmaqmifxm;ouJhodkY jzpfaeayonf/ pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

ewfaumif;ewfjrwfrsm;udk ylaZmfaumif;\? rypfy,faumif;yg r[mo'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ("r® m p&d , ? bD a t)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

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11

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf&nfuvnfvmonf/ olr\b0ay;'kuu © dk aphaphawG;awm &if; rsuf&nfusae&mrS a':ñTefYpm;vufp xrif;ukd vufpowfvkdufNyD; opfyifukdrSDí tdrfrSmusefcJhonhfom;taMumif;ukd qufvuf awG;awmrdjyefonf/ ]]tif;- tcktcsdefqkd&if om;tdrfjyef vmNyD; xrif;pm;aea&mhr,f? tar reuf apmapmxNyD; vufusefqefav;wpfbl;ukd om;twGuf csufay;cJhw,fom;? NyD;awmh bJO wpfvkH;ukdaMumfNyD;awmh aMumiftdrfxJrSm xnhf xm;cJw h ,f? aMomf- om;av; bJOaMumfudk awGU rS awGUyghrvm;? rawGU&if qlatmihfNyD; aomif; usef;aea&mhr,f? tif;.. zwqkd;av;rkdY tvkd vkdufxm;cJhrdorQ bk&m;r&Sd w&m;rod tar rSef;rodeJY vlrkdufBuD;jzpfaeygayghvm;/ aMomf- om;av;..om;av; ighom; av; i&JrBuD;ygapeJY? tarcGihfvTwfygw,f om;&,f? jrwfpGmbk&m;.. bk&m;wynhfawmfr om;av;ukd cGihfvTwfay;awmfrlygbk&m;}} om;qkd; om;rkduftaMumif;udk awG; awmae&if;rSyif rkqkd;rBuD;a':ñTefYcrsm om; twGuf jrwfAk'¨tm; wkdifwnfavQmufxm;ay; ae&Smjyefonf/ i,faomfu om;? BuD;aomf usm; jzpfcJh&ol om;vlrkduftaMumif;ukd awG; awmae&if;uyifvQif a':ñTefYwpfa,muf yifyef;vGef;onfhtwGuf arS;ceJ tdyfaysmfoGm; &Smonf/ onftckdufrSmyif a':ñTefY\yckH;ukd cyfMurf;Murf;ukdifvIyfjcif;cHvkduf&onfhtwGuf vefYzsefYNyD; Ekd;vmawmhonf/ onftcgwGif a':ñTejYf rifawGUvku d &f olu rsufESmwpfjyifvkH; a'govTrf;rkd;aeonhf om;vlrkdufatmifbkyif jzpfonf/ ]][if- om; vlav; awmxJudk bmvkYd vku d v f mwmvJu, G }f } ]]awmfprf;Asm? cifAsm;BuD; tdrfrSmae &if pdwfnpf&rSef;odvdkY awmxJukdvmNyD; ZdrfeJY tdyfaewmayhgav [kwfvm;}} ]]tk-d r[kwyf gbl;om;av;&,f? tar xif;acG&wm yifyef;vGef;vdkY cPav; rSdef;ae wmyg? om;av; xrif;pm;cJhNyD;NyDvm;? tar om;twGuf bJOaMumfNyD; aMumiftdrfxJrSm-}} rdcifBu;D \pum;yifrqk;H ao;? vlru dk f BuD;atmifbk a'gowBuD;ESifh jyefvnfajymqkd vkdufawmhonf/ ]]awmuf- awmfAsm? usKyf tJ'gawG pdwfr0ifpm;bl;? ck usKyfvmwm zJ0kdif;aumif; vdkY zJ½kdufrvkdY aiGvmawmif;wm? aiGr&Sd&if a[m'D em;uyfukd cPcRwfay;vkduf? Ekdif&if

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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þcE¨mukd,fonf a&jr§Kyfyrm umv r&Snf ysuw f wfonf [lívnf;aumif;? wHvQyf rsKd; tusKd;rjzpf tESpfr& twkrQomjzpfonf [lívnf;aumif; aumif;pGmodaomolonf rm&frif;\yef;yGiEfh iS w fh u l ek af om oHo&m0#f'u k © wdkYukd t&[wår*fÓPf oHvsufjzihf jzwfí aorif ; \rjrif & m ed A Á m ef o d k Y a &muf & m\/ ("r® y '? yk y æ 0 *f ? yÍö o wbd u © K 0w¦ K ) ''Realizing that this body is like froth, penetratimg its mirage- like mature, and plucking out Mara's flower- tipped arrows semsuality go beyond sight of the king of Death!''

trsKd;trnftm;jzihf rxif&Sm;aom &[ef;wpfyg;/ ]tnw&} &[ef;[k qkdEkdifay\/ xkd &[ef;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrS ur®|mef;w&m; udk em,lNyD;aemuf awmodkY0ifí &[ef;w&m; tm;xkwfawmfrl\/ aphaqmfvkHYv Oó[ 0D & d , wd k Y j zih f BuKd ; pm;tm;xk w f a omf v nf ; t&[wåzkdvfodkY rqkdufa&mufacs/ ]]&[ef ; w&m; tm;xk w f v mcJ h w m vnf; MumNyD? bmrQrxl;jcm;ygvm;? jrwfpGm bk&m;xHarSmuf oGm;a&mufNyD; ur®|mef;w&m; ukd xyfrHemMum;&&if oihfawmfr,fxifw,f}} &[ef;onf xkdodkYBuHpnfawG;awm NyD;aemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;oDwif;okH;&m om0w¦d jynfodkY xGufcGmvmcJhonf/ tcsdefum; aEGOwkumvjzpf\/ a&SUodYk vSr;f arQmMf unhv f u dk af omtcg aeyl&Sdeftvif;a&mif[yfí ajrjyifü w&dyf&dyf wvSdrfhvSdrhf a&vIdif; (bellowed) ozG,fjzpf aeaom jrifuiG ;f ukd awGUjrifvu dk &f onf/ trSwf rJhtm;jzihfrl a&jyifBuD;[k xifrSwf&ayonf/

trS e f p if p pf r S m rl a&jyif r [k w f ? wH v Qyf (mirage) omjzpf o nf / trS e f w u,f r[k w f ? rjynf h p k H ? rjzpf a jrmuf E k d i f o nf u d k arQmf v if h j cif ; oabm? wH v Qyf [ k wif p m; zGihfqkdonf/ wHvQyfonf a&jyifESihf xifrSwf rSm;wwfonf/awmawmifü oGm;vmusufpm; aomorifwdkYonf wHvQyfukd a&xifrSwfí tajy;tvT m ; ck e f a yguf o G m ;wwf M uonf / ]wHvQyu f akd &xifç a&Toriftvku d rf mS ;} [laom pum;ykHyif txift&Sm;&Sdonf/ ]][if.. wHvQyfukd a&jyifxifvdkY xifrw S rf w d m rSm;,Gi;f wJt h jzpfygvm;? rwnfNrJ tESpfom&uif;rJhvGef;ayw,f}} tnw& &[ef;onf wHvQyfudkjrif í cE¨mukd ÓPfjzihfqifjcifvkdufaomtcg jzpfysufrIoabmukd xkd;xGif;od&SdoGm;awmh onf/ ]]a&SUrSm tpd&0wDjrpfukda&mufNyD? igavQmufvSrf;vmcJhwJhc&D;uvnf; ,lZem (rkid t f uGmta0;) renf;awmhb;l ? yifyef;EGr;f e,f vSNyD? a&csKd;OD;rSyJ}} tnw& &[ef;onf tpd&0wDjrpf odkY a&qif;csKd;onf? ukd,fvufoefYpifonf/ xkdYaemuf jrpfurf;ezl;&Sd opfyif&dyfwpfckü xkdifí tyef;ajzem;aeavonf/ jrpfa&onf yGufxpD;qif; (gurgle) aeonf/ a&pD;t[kef aMumifh urf;pyfwpfae&mwGif tvGefBuD;rm; aom a&jr§KyfpkdifcJBuD;jzpfaeonfukd awGUjrif onf/ xkda&jr§KyfwkdYonf ckdifNrJaom tpkdiftcJ [k xifrw S &f aomfvnf; tjrK§ yrf sm; yvkpH D qlyu G f NyD;aemuf ysufpD;aysmufysufoGm;Muonfukd txift&Sm;jrifawGUvkduf&jyefonf/ ]][m- wu,f a wmh igh & J U cE¨ m

15

twåabm[mvnf; 'Da&jr§KyfpkdifBuD;vdk ygyJ vm;? rwnfNrJbl;jzpfNyD;awmh ysufwwfwJh oabmw&m;yJ } } tnw& &[ef ; onf cE¨ m \ jzpf y suf o abmuk d a&jr§ K yf E S i h f xif [ yf í &Sif;vif;jywfom; cGJcGJjcm;jcm; od&SdoGm;awmh\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif o nf *E¨ u k # D wkdufü oDwif;okH;aeawmfrlckduf xkdtnw& &[ef;\ jzpfpOftajctaewdkYonf ÓPfawmf uGef,ufü xifay:vmawmhonf/ ]]cspf o m; &[ef ; ? cE¨ m uk d , f twåabm[m cspfom; jrifawGU&wJhwHvQyf vd k a&jrKyf p k d i f B uD ; vk d rwnf N rJ a ybl ; ? jzpf N yD ; wmeJ Y ysuf w wf w J h oabm&S d a y w,f } } jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfwkdif teD;ü &yfwnfaeouJhodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;csufukd Mum; emvkduf&ayonf/ xkdYaemuf ]]azPlyrHum, rdrH0d'dwGm}} tpcsDaom *gxm (tykd'f 1 jrefrm jyef) ukd a[mMum;awmfrlvkdufonf/ xk d a 'oem\tqk H ; wG i f tnw& &[ef;onf y#dorÇd'gESihfwuG t&[wåzkdvfodkY qkdufa&mufoGm;avawmhonf/ ½kyfemrfwdkY\ tpktaygif; tpkdiftcJ ukd cE¨m[kac:qkd\/ (1) ½lyu©cE¨m (½kyfw&m;pk) (2) a0'emu©E¨m (cHpm;rIa0'emtpk) (3) onmu©E¨m (rSwfom;rIonmtpk) (4) ocF g &u© E ¨ m (a0'emonmrS w pf y g; usefaomapwodufrsm;tpk) ½l y u© c E¨ m [l o nf ½k y f w &m;pk [ k qkd&m ü ]]½lygeHcaE¨m ½lyu©aE¨m}} (0dN*dK[f) ½kyfuvmyfwdkY\tpktykH[k teufzGihfqkdxm; aomaMumifh ½kyfw&m;pk[k qkdjcif;jzpfyg\/ xkd½kyfw&m;pkwdkYonf yx0D? awaZm? tmayg?

0ga,m [laom "gwfBuD;av;yg;ESihf ¤if;wdkYukd rSDíjzpfaom Oyg'g½kyftpkwdkYjzpfMu\/ a0'emu©E¨m[lonf cHpm;rIa0'em tpk [ k ac:qk d & mü ]]a0',wD w d a 0'em}} (0dN*Kd[f) tm½kH\t&omukd cHpm;wwfjcif; aMumihf a0'emrnf\[k teufzGihfqkdonf/ ukd,fcsrf;omjcif;? ukd,fqif;&Jjcif;? pdwfcsrf;omjcif;? pdwfqif;&Jjcif;ESihf vspfvsL ½Ijcif;wdkYonf a0'emu©E¨mrnfay\/ okc a0'em? 'kua© 0'em? Oayu©ma0'em[lívnf; ok;H EIe;f onf/ onmu©E¨m[lonf rSwfom;rIonm

DHAMMA DEW

16

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

Mo0g' ygwdarmu©a'oemawmf THE OVADA PATIMOKKHA DESANA ygVd a wmf 1/oAÁygyó tu&PH ukovó OyorÜ'g opdwå y&da,m 'gyeH {wH Ak'¨ge omoeH/ / 2/cEÅDy&rH waygwd wdu©m edAÁmeH y&rH 0'EÅdAk'¨g e[dyAÁZdawm y½lyCmwd oraPma[mwd y&H0d[|a,aEÅm/ /

3/tEky0ga'g tEkyCmawm ygwdarmau©p oH0a&m rwånKwm p bwåod® H yE¦Íö o,emoeH t"dpdawå p ta,ma*g {wH Ak'¨geomoeH/ /

jref r mjyef

ROMANIZED PALI

raumif;rIrSeforQ rjyKjcif; aumif;rIuo k v dk rf eS o f rQ jyKjcif; rdrpd w d u f kd jzLpifoef&Y iS ;f apjcif; þonfrSm Ak'¨\ tqHk;tr jzpfonf/ onf;cHjcif;onf jrwfaomtusihf jzpf \ / ed A Á m ef o nf tjrwf q H k ; aom w&m;jzpf\/ &[ef ; aumif ; \ tusih f u m; olYtoufudk owfjcif;rS a&Smif MuOfjcif;jzpf\/ olwpfyg;tm; rn§O;f qJjcif;jzpf\/ EIwfjzihf udk,fjzifh rpGyfpGJ? rn§Of; qJ? rowfjzwfjcif;/ 0denf;odu©m oDvapmihfxdef;jcif;? tm[m&twdik ;f t&Sncf sichf sed Ef ikd jf cif; qdwNf ird &f mawm&aqmufwnfjcif;? r*fzdkvfpdwfjrwftwGuf tm;xkwf jcif;? þonfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqH;k tr Mo0g'ygwdarmu© a'o emawmfaywnf;/

(1) Sabapapa- ssa akara. mam, Kusalassa upasampada- ; Sacittapariyo da. panam, Etam Buddhana Sasanam.

(2) Khantiparamam tapo . titikkha-, Nibba-nam para. mam vadanti-Buddha-; Nahi pabbajito parupaghati, Samano hoti param vihet.hayanto.

tpk[k ac:qkdjcif;rSm ]]oÍÆmemwDwdonm}} (0dN*Kd[f) tm½kHukd rSwfrdodwwfjcif;[k teuf zGihfqkdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ tqif;? toH paom tm½kHajcmufyg;ukd rSwfom;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ ocFg&u©E¨m[lonf a0'em? onmrS wpfyg; usefaomapwodufrsm;[k qkdjcif;rSm ]]apawwD w d a pwem}} (0d N *d K [f ) aph a qmf ? tm;ay;wwf? xkdxkdudpöukd NyD;apwwfaom aMumifh apwemrnf\[k teufzGihfqkdonf/ xkad pwemonf toif;tyif;ESiw fh uG apwem jzpfaomaMumifh ocFg&[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ ocFg&\w&m;uk, d o f abmrSm taMumif;jyKjyif pD&iftyfaomw&m; (½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;ESihf ukokdvfuH? tukodkvfuH) jzpfonf/ wpfenf; tm;jzihf twljzpfzuf emrfw&m;wdkYudk tm;ay; aphaqmfwwfaom oabm[k rSwfom;&ay onf / ocF w ocF g &? tbd o cF w ocF g &?

ENGLISH

Not to do any evil, To cultivate good; To purify one's mind, This is the teaching of the Buddhas.

Forbearance is the highest palience, Nibba-na is supreme, so declared the Buddhas; He is not a monk indeed who injures others.

One is not a monk who hurts another.

(3) Amupavado anupagh- Non-abusing, non-injuring, ato, Pa- timokkha ca restraint accordint the samraro; Mattaññuta ca bhatta Patimokkha rules; mod smim, Pantan ca sayana- eration in Food, Staying in . a remote place; devotion to samam; higher thought, This is the Adhicitte ca ayogo, .

Etam Buddha-ma Sasanam. teaching of the Buddhas.

tbdocF&PocFg&? ya,m*gbdocFg& [lí ocFg& (4)yg;&Sdavonf/ 0dÓPu©E¨m[lonf odrI0dnmOftpk [k qkd&mü- ]]0dZmemwDwd0dnmPH}} (0dN*Kd[f) tm½kHukd odwwfjcif;aMumifh 0dnmPH? 0dnmPf rnf\[k teufzGihfqkdxm;ygonf/ ½lyu©E¨mukd a&jrKyf? a0'emu©E¨m ukd a&yGuf? onmu©E¨mukd wHvQyf? ocFg& u© E ¨ m uk d iS u f a ysmwk H ; ? 0d n mPu© E ¨ m uk d rsuf v S n h f E S i h f yrmwl o nf [ l í cE¨ m ig;yg; onf tESpfrJh? tcsnf;ESD;? tokH;r0ifaMumif; uk d jrwf p G m bk & m;onf ]oH , k w f y gVd a wmf } ]azP0d @ Lyrok w f } ü a[mazmf r d e f Y M um; xm;ayonf / cE¨ m uk d , f \ tES p f o m&r&S d ? wnfNrJrIr&SdonfwdkYukd rdefYMum;xm;ayonf/ cE¨mukd,f\ tESpfom&r&Sd? wnfNrJrIr&Sdonf wkdYukd ykdrkdav;eufay:vGifap&ef (hyperbole) Oyrmrsm;jzihf a[mMum;jcif; jzpfayonf/

v,f w D q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; u]]yrma&jrKyf ? ½k y f E S i h f , S O f z uf ? a&yGufa0'em? onmwHvQyf? wpf&yfocFg&? iSuaf ysmus\? "r®0n d mOf? rsuv f n S , fh OS o f nf? ig;tif ES p f r J h c E¨ m wnf ; }} [k vuF m oD u k H ; xm;ayonf/ rSwfom;p&myif/ cE¨mig;yg;\ tokH;r0if? tESpfr&SdykH wdkYukd pmodomru 0dyóemÓPfjzihf od&SdEkdif ap&ef 0d y óembm0emw&m;uk d BuKd ; pm; r,kwf? tm;xm;Mu&mukefownf;/ [d e f ; rif ; xuf ( pd e f u ef Y v ef Y ) pmuk d ; 1/ oH , k w f y gVd a wmf j ref r mjyef ('k w d , wG J ) 2/ 'D y J & if ; q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; ]y&rw¬ p u© K usrf ; } 3/ t&S i f p E´ d r m ]"r® y '0w¬ K awmf B uD ; } ('k w d , wG J )

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

csrf;csufvGefuJ? wydkYwGJ ETJMuxreJyGJ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

Ä

xef;&nfeif; aygufuif;wJv h iJ /kH / Ä quf&ufu,f om&umESihf a&mf&Guf0g wrmEk vGr;f olyY yl /kH Ä p½dkufu,fvHI yifNrKH jriho f u kd ef ef;/ Ä wGufpD;i,f0Sef ausmufpufu,f a&wHcGefESihf a[r0ef om,mEkygbd ,Gef;vkaEGqef;/ / wydkYwGJvwGif xef;orm;wdkYonf xef;&nfaumif;pGmxGufí xef;&nfcH&müvG,fulap&ef xef;zl;xef;cdkifESihfwuG xef;yifxdyfywf vnf&Sd xef;vufwdkYukd atmufodkY ñGwfudkif;? qGJqdkif;vmatmif ajcjzifh eif;ESdrfcsay;&avh&Sd\/ þonfudk xef;&nfeif;onf[kqdkMuonf/ xef;&nfeif;onf qdkaom pum;rSm wu,fawmhOypmpum;jzpfonf/ pifppftm;jzihf xef;&nfudkreif;? xef;&nfcH&eftwGuf xef;zl;xef;cdkif xef;vufwdkYudk atmufodkY udkif;ñGwfvmatmifeif;jcif;jzpfonf/ xef ; eif ; v? xef ; yd k Y w G J v ,if;odYk t"dygÜ ,fziG q fh v kd u kd o f nft h cg w? yd?Yk wG[ J al om pmvH;k yk'foHk;ckwdkYudkaygif;pyfvdkufvQif wydkYwGJvqdkonfrSm xef;zl; xef;cdkif xef;vuf? xef;EdkYwdkYudk atmifodkY wGJusvmatmifeif;íjyKvkyfay;aom v? xef;eif;v? xef;ydkYwGJv[kt"dyÜg,f &ayonf/ tcsKdUyk*¾dKvfrsm;u xef;zdkOD;&moDjzpfaom þvtcgor, wGifxef;zdkyif&Sd xef;EdkYcdkifrsm;twGuf taESmuft,SuftumtuG,fjzpf aeaom xef;cdkif xef;vufrsm;tm; wGJusoGm;atmif xef;orm;rsm;u eif;cs&iS ;f vif;ay;&aom v jzpfaomaMumihf xef;zdw k v JG [kac:cJMh u&mrS wydkYwGJvjzpfvm&onf[kqdkMuonf/ ES m &nf , d k & G J w yd k Y w G J wydkYwGJvonf jrefrmjyu©'defvrsm;wGif wpfq,fhwpfv ajrmufvjzpfonf/ aqmif;&moD\ aemufqHk;umvjzpfívnf; tvGef at;csrf;aomvjzpfonf/ ESm&nfrsm;,dkxGufvmatmif uRJcsKdrsm;yif qwfqwfcgvmatmif at;vGe;f vSojzihf ]]ESm&nf,&kd w JG ydw Yk }JG v[kvnf; aumif;? wydkYwGJrSm uRJcsKdzsm;awmif qwfqwfcg&onf}} [kvnf;aumif; a&S;vlBuD;rsm;qdkxm;cJhMuonf/ ]]a&T,k*ef? eef;ndKjr? pef;cdkcvQHvl csrf;qdkorQ pHrwlonf? o,rÇLaomfrS rD;r,fzsL;? a&Tvufuifonf? a&pufyifat;wJhonfv}} pmqdkawmfOD;aMumhu wydkYwGJv\ csrf;at;yHkudk o½kyfazmfcJh

onf/ xdkvudk uHk&moD[k eu©wåaA'e,uac:onf/ xdk&moDwGif rmCeu©wpf ef;ESi, fh OS í f rGe;f wnfo h nf/ &moDyef;wkrYd mS aygufyiG ?fh vJyiG ?fh vufyHyGihfESihf ql;yef;yGihfwdkYjzpfonf/ ,if;vwGif ESrf;reJ (xreJ) yGJudk &moDyGJtjzpf jyKvkyfMuonf/ eHeuf 6 em&D rdepf 20 wGif aexGufí nae 5 em&Drdepf 40 wGif ae0ifavh&Sdojzihf nwm&Snfaomvjzpf onf/ &ufrpHkvjzpfí xdkvü &ufaygif; 29 &ufom&Sdonf/ tat;tcsrf ; vG e f u J q H k ; tEÅ & |u&uf r sm; xdv k \ aeY&ufrsm;onfum; Owko;kH vD&moDq,fEh pS v f teuf aqmif;Owka[rEÅ&moD\ tat;qHk;tcsdefumvjzpf\/ xdkaqmif;Owk twGif;ü tat;wumh tat;qHk;tcsdefumvav;rsKd;&Sdonfudk pmay usrf;*efrsm;wGifjyqdkxm;ayonf/ xdktat;qHk; tcsrf;qHk;umvrsm;rSm wpfrsKd;wpfrsKd;vQif (8) &ufpDojzihf ,if;umvrsm;udk ygVdbmomjzihf tEÅ&|u (tMum;üjzpfaom &Spf&uf) [kac:qkdonf/ xdktEÅ&|u av;rsKd;&SdyHkudk pmayusrf;*efwdkYü þodkYazmfjyonf/ (1) wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf 12 &ufrS ewfawmfvqef; 4 &uf txd (8)n/ (2) ewfawmfvjynhfausmf 11 &ufrS jymodkvqef; 4 &uftxd (8)n/ (3) jymodkvjynhfausmf 12 &ufrS wydkYwGJvqef; 4 &uftxd (8) n/ (4) wydkYwGJvjynhfausmf 11 &ufrS waygif;vqef; 4 &uftxd (8)n wdkYjzpfonf/ tat;qH k ; Mum;umv (8)n aqmif;Owkav;vwGif &moDOwkrazmufrjyefrSefuefaom tae txm;&SdcJhygvQif wpfvESihfwpfv tul;tajymif;Mum;umv (8) nonf omrefnrsm;xufxl;xl;jcm;jcm;at;onf/ csrf;onf? odkYr[kwf tat;qHk; tcsrf;qHk;nrsm;jzpfonf[kqdkavonf/ ]]jymodkwydkYwGJ? pdk&TJaiGESif;? okwfavn§if;ESihf ,if;ESpfvMum;? wpfyg;xdkNrdKU? wydkYwaygif;? a&S;aESmif;tnD? av;&ufpDrSwf? tEÅ&Xf[k ynwfemr? Mum;&Spfnü awmufyvif;[kef? wuft½kPf0,f? cdkufwkef vGefuJ? {;pNrJwnf;/}} refvnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ rCa'0vuFmopf ydkufa& 280 wGif tEÅ&|u&ufrsm;udkjyqdkxm;onf/ ,ckazmfjyxm;onfh tEÅ&|uav;rsKd;wdkYrSm EdkifiHawmf Ak'¨ omoe r[mAk'¨0if 'kwd,wGJ (ESm-564)wGifvmaom tEÅ&|u pdppf csufrsm;twdkif; wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf tEÅ&|uqdo k nfrmS wydw Yk v JG \ tqH;k av;&ufEiS fh waygif;v \ tpav;&ufþodkYtm;jzihf ESpfvwdkY\ tMum;&Spf&uf[k t|uxm #DumwdkYü wnDwnGwfwnf; zGihfqdkMuygonf/ tcsKUd ynm&Sirf sm;u tEÅ&|u&ufrsm;udk þodv Yk nf; wpfenf; ,lqMuygao;onf/ eu©wftvdktm;jzihf wydkYwGJv[kac:qdkMuaom

DHAMMA DEW

18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

tarha<u;ausapzkdY Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) t&S i f u k r m&uóy\ tarh t m; rarh w &m;a[mjcif ; t&Sifukrm& uóyax&f\ r,fawmfBuD;onf &mZN*dK[fNrdKU olaX;wpfOD;\ wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;jzpf\/ olronf odwwfaom t&G,frSpí rdbwdkYxH &[ef;r 0wfcGifhjyK&ef tBudrfBudrf cGihfawmif; ylqmcJholjzpf\/ odkYaomf cGihfrjyKonfhtjyif t&G,fa&mufojzihf tdrfaxmifcsay;av\ rdbwdkY\ tdrfaxmifcsrIudk vufcHvdkufavsmcJh &\/ rMumrDyif udk,f0efwnf\/ udk,f0efwnfonfudk rodyJcifyGef;xH &[ef;r 0wfzdkY cGihfawmif;jyef&m cifyGef;vifu cGihfjyKojzihf &[ef;r0wf í aemiftcgwGif om;uav;udkzGm;jrifavonf/ wpfaeYwGif aumovrif;BuD;onf &[ef;ausmif;teD;uae oGm;aomf uav;oHMum;í ar;jref;vQif taMumif;pHkod&ojzihf uav; twGuf &[ef;rtaESmuft,Sufrjzpf&atmif ac:,larG;pm;cJh\/ om;uav;emrnfu ]]uóy}} jzpfonf/ aemuft&G,af &mufí upm;pOf tjcm;uav;rsm; ]rdbrJh om;} [kajymMu? ajymifMu? avSmifMuaomf olYrdbwdkYudk ajymjy&ef rif;BuD;tm; ylqmojzihf aemufqHk;vSnhfjzm;í ajymr&aomaMumihf taMumif;pHk ajymjy&awmhonf/ uóyonf xdktcgoHa0*BuD;pGm&í rif;BuD;tm; &SifjyKay; zdYk cGiafh wmif;avonf/ rif;Bu;D onf bk&m;&Six f aH c:aqmifomG ;í &Sijf yK ay;\/ rif;om; tNcHt&Htapmihfta&Smufjzihf BuD;jyif;vm&aom aMumihfvnf;aumif;? i,f&G,fpOfuyif &SifjyKaomaMumihfvnf;aumif; ]ukrm&uóy} [k trnfwGifavonf/ &Siu f rk m&uóyonf aemiftoufEpS q f ,fjynhaf omf &[ef; jyKNyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfü ur®|mef;udk oif,lNyD; awmodkY0ifum vHkYvBuD;pGmjzihf w&m;tm;xkwfawmfrlonf/ odkYaomfvnf; w&m;xl; r& jzpfaeonf/ xdt k cg rax&fukd uóyjrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufü twl wuG &[ef;w&m;udk tm;xkwfí tem*grfjzpfum jA[®mjynfüjzpfaeaom &[ef;onf jA[®mjynfrS qif;oufcJhNyD;aomf rax&fudk jyóem (15) &yfudk ar;NyD;aomtcg þjyóemudk jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü ar;acsavmh [k wdkufwGef;\/ xdkYaMumihf rax&fonf tem*grfjA[®mBuD;wdkufwGef;ajymqdkrI twdkif;jyKí jyóemudk jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ar;avQmuftyfonf&Sdaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;ajzqdkonfhtqHk;ü t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufav\/ xdt k &Siu f rk m&uóyawmxGuo f mG ;aomaeYrpS í (12)ESpw f Ykd ywfv;kH tarjzpfaom rax&frBu;D onf om;&[ef;ESifh auGuiG ;f &o jzihf rsuf&nfESihf rsufESmrjywfcJh&Smacs/ om;&[ef;udkom wrf;warQmfvihf aeonf/ om;twGuf &wufrat; ylaqG;aomu rsuf&nfusvsuf

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

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a&;om;jyKpka

aAm"dyu

THE BODHIPAK O THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORS by Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw,

TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) EG m ;qif O yrm wenf;um;- v,fxGefíç vSnf;wdkufí OpömpD;yGm;jyKvkyf&ef EGm;ukq d ;kH rrIç rif;yGo J bifppfajrjyifwüYkd toH;k jyK&ef awmqif½idk ;f udk qH;k rrI OyrmwdkYjzihfvnf; jyqdk&m\/ EGm;udkqHk;r&m i,fpOftcgü NcHavSmifrIç xde;f ausmif;rIç xdaYk emuf ezm;BuKd ;wyfí csnw f ikd Bf uKd ;vGew f jYkd zihf qH;k rrIç xdkYaemuf xrf;ydk;wifí qHk;rrIç xdkYaemuf xrf;ydk;eyfaem&SdaomtcgrS xGefrIç wdkufrI[laom rdrdpD;yGm;a&;ü wGifus,fpGmcdkif;aprI? þum; EGm;Oyrmwnf;/ Oyar,s þOyrmü xrf;yd;k eyfaemí wGiu f s,pf mG xGe&f rIç wdu k &f rIonf omvQif EGm;&Sif\pD;yGm;rIrnfouJhodkY ,cktcg bk&m;omoemü wG,u f s,pf mG jzpfymG ;aom orxrIç 0dyóemrIonfomvQif vl&iS &f [ef; wdkY\ pD;yGm;rIpifppfjzpfownf;/ þomoemü oDv0dok'¨drIonf EGm;NcH udak vSmifr?I wkwf vSq H u JG ikd í f xde;f ausmif;rIEiS w hf \ l / wlyu kH m;- EGm;onf xdu k o hJ Ykd rxde;f ausmif;vQif olwpfyg;pD;yGm;udk zsuq f ;D í EGm;&Sirf mS rIjypf rpJ a&muf&m\/ aysmufysuí f aomfvnf; oGm;&m\/ xdt Yk wl oDv0do'k d¨ r&Su d uHo;kH yg; aomif;usef;í xdkolrSm avmujypfç "r®jypfrpJa&muf&m \/ um,*wm owdy|mefw&m;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwrf o I nf EGm;udk ezm;BudK;wyfrIç csnfwdkifBudK;vGefwdkYjzihf ,Ofaus;atmifqHk;rrIESihf wl\/ wlyHkum;- ckdifNrJpGm csnfaESmifíxm;cJhvQif xdkEGm;onf EGm;&Sifxm;&mü xm;orQae&awmhrnf/ wjcm;wyg;odYk roGm;Edik Nf y/D xdt Yk wl rdrcd E¨mwnf; [laom csnfwdkifü owdy|mefwnf;[laom BudK;vGefjzihf ckdifNrJpGmcsnfrI xajrmuf a omtcg owå 0 gwd k Y \ pd w f o nf pd w f & S i f x m;wmü xm;vdkorQ aeawmhonf/ terw*¾oHo&mrS tpOfyg&Sdíaeaom rNidrfoufjcif; tavhç xdkxdktm½HkodkY &yfwnfr& ajy;oGm;vGihfyg;jcif; tavhwdkYonf aysmufNidrf;ukef\/

(Continue from last week) Comparisons may also be made with the taming and training of bullocks for the purpose of yoking to ploughs and carts, and to the taming and training of elephants for employment in the sevice of the king, or on battlefields.

In the case of the bullock, the young calf has to be regularly herded and kept in a cattle-pen, then a noserope is passed through its nostrils and it is tied to a post and trained to respond to the rope's control. It is then trained to submit to the yoke, and only when it becomes amenable to the yoke's burden is it put to use for ploughing and drawing carts and thus effectively employed to trade and profit. This is the example of the bullock.

In this example, just as the owner's profit and success depends on the employment of the bullock in the drawing on the employment of the bullock in the drawing of ploughts and carts after training it to become amenable to the yoke, so do the true benefit of lay persons and bhikkhus within the present, Sasa-na depends on training in sa-matha and vipassana-(Calm and Insight) In the present Buddha Sa-sena, the practice of s1la visuddhi (purfication of Virtue) resembles the training of the young calf by herding it and keeping it in cattle-pens. Just as, if the young calf is not so herded and kept in cattle-pens, it would damage and destroy the properties of others and thus bring liability on the owner, so, if a person lacks s1-la-visuddhi, the three kammas would run riot, and the person concerned would become subject to worldly evils and to the evil results indicated in the Dhamma.

The effort to develop ka-yagata- satipat.t.ha-nas resembles the passing of the nose-rope through the nostrils and training the calf to respond to the rope after tying it to a post. Just as when a calf is tied to apost it can be kept wherever the owner desires it to be, and it cannot run loose, so when the mind is tied to the body with the rope called satipat.t.ha-na, that mind cannot wander but is obliged to remain wherever the owner desires it to be. The habits of distrubed and distracted mind acquired during the inconceivably long sam.sa-ra become appeased.

A person who performs the practice of samatha and vipassana- (Calm and Insight) without first attempting ka-yagata-

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

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u©, d 'DyeD

KKHIYA DIPANI R S LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENT y Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service.

EG m ;½d k i f ; ? qif ½ d k i f ; vd k um,*wmowdy|mef bm0emrIudk a&S;OD;pGm rwnfaxmifrl í orxrIç 0dyóemrIukd jyKvyk af omolonf BuKd ;r&Sad o;aomEGm;½dik ;f udk xGew f iG ;f ç vSn;f wGi;f odo Yk iG ;f í toH;k jyKonfEiS w fh \ l / xdEk mG ;udk vd&k mpcef; odkY ajzmihfwef;NidrfoufpGmoGm;atmif rwwfEdkifvwåHU? ½dkif;onhftwGufç BuKd ;r&So d nht f wGuf cPcsi;f vrf;r[kw&f modYk qGiJ ifíaomfvnf;aumif; oGm;vwåHU? vSnf;xrf;ydk;ç xGefxrf;ydk;wdkYudkaomfvnf; csdK;zJhí xGufoGm; vwåUH omwnf;/ rdrcd E¨mud, k üf xm;vdo k rQ Nird o f ufwnfMunfpmG aeo jzih f um,*wm owd y |mef bm0em wnf a xmif r d a omtcgrS orxvkycf iG çf 0dyóemvkycf iG rf sm;odYk pdwu f oGi;f xm;ygrlum; xdt k m½Hük wnf N id r f p G m aeojzih f xif r I ç jrif r I tvk y f w G i f u s,f a vownf ; / qif ½ d k i f ; Oyrmü awmüaeaomqif ½ d k i f ; ud k atmif ; rES i h f w G J í vGio f x Ykd w k , f cl NhJ y;D rS usKH ;wGi;f odo Yk iG ;f í BuKd ;vGew f yfNy;D vQif qifcsnw f ikd üf ck d i f N rJ p G m csnf a ES m if í ,Of a tmif j yKvk y f N yD ; rS tqd y f t awmuf r &S d tvGefNidrfoufwnfMunf&Sd aomtcg odrIç vdr®mrItrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk BudK;useyfaempGm qHk;rNyD;rS rif;yGJobifç ppfajrjyifwdkYü rif;pD;qifjyKvkyf &ownf;/ Oyar,s vlu Y mr*kPpf o k nf qifaysmaf om awmBu;D ESiw fh \ l / omoem awmfonf NrdKU&GmvGifjyifESifhwl\/ pdwfonf awmqif½dkif;ESihfwl\/ omoem"r®wüYkd tvGe, f MkH unfvv kd m;vSaom o'¨gç qE´wo Ykd nf tvGef vdrm® aom atmif;rwdEYk iS w fh u l ek \ f / oDv0do'k o d¨ nf qifusKH ;awmfBu;D ESifh wl\/ xGuo f ufç 0ifouftp&Sad om rdru d , kd cf E¨monf qifcsnw f ikd Bf u;D eJY wl\/ um,*wmowdonf BudK;vGefESihfwl\/ orxç 0dyóemwdkY\ a&S;tbkYd y&durH pI o k nf qifukd oGeo f ifq;kH rrIEiS w fh \ l / orxç 0dyóem rIonf rif;yGJobifç ppfajrjyifESihfwl\/ (t<uif;qdkbG,fpkonf odomavNyD/) þodkYvQif ol½l;Oyrmç avSolBuD;Oyrmç EGm;Oyrmç qifOyrm wdjYk zihf terw*¾oo H &mü yGiafh wmfru l ek af om cyford ;f aomjrwfpmG bk&m;

satipat.t.ha-nas (Mindfulness as regards the body), resembles the owner who yokes the still untamed bullock to the card or plough without the nose-rope. Such an owner would find himself unable to drive the bullock at his desire. Because the bullock is wild, and because it has no nose-rope, it will either try to run off the road, or try to break loose by breaking the yoke.

On the other hand, a personal who first tranquillises and trains his mind with ka-yagata- satipat.t.ha-na bha-vana- (Contemplation of the Body) before turning his mind to the practice of samatha and vipassana (Calm and Insight), his attention will remain steady and his work will be successful.

In the case of the elephant, the wild elephant has first to be brought out from the forest into the field hitched on to a tame trained elephant. Thence it is taken to a stockade and tied up securely until it is tame. When it thus becomes absolutely tame and quite, it is trained in the various kinds of work in which it will be employed in the sevice of the king. It is only then that it is used in state functions and on battlefields.

The realm of sensual pleasures resemble the forest where the wild elephant enjoys himself. The Buddha Sasana resembles the open field into which the wild elephant is first brought out.

The mindresembles the wild elephant. Faith (saddha-) and desire (chanda) in the Sa-sana-dhamma resemble the tame elephant to which the wild elephant is hitched and brought out into the open.

S1-la-visuddhi (Purification of Virtue) resembles the stockade. The body or parts of the body, such as out-breath and in-breath resemble the post in the stockade to which the elephant is tied. Kayagata-sati resembles the rope by which the wild elephant is tied to the post. The preparatory work towards samatha and vipassana resembles the preparatory training of the elephant.

The work of samatha and vipassana resembles the parade ground or battlefield of the king.

Other points of comparison can now be easily recognised.

Thus have I shown by the examples of the mad man, the boatman, the bullock, and the elephant, the main points of kayagata-sati, which is by ancient tradition the first step that has to be undertaken in the work of proceeding upwards from s1-lavisuddhi within the Sasanas of all the Buddhas who have appeared in the past inconceivably long sam.sa-ra.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI

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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

wdkY\ omoemü oDv0dok'¨drS txufodkYwufvrf;wGif a&S;OD;pGm wnfaxmifMu&NrJ t½dk;tpOfBuD;jzpfaom um,*wmowd\ tcsuf t&mBuD;udk jyqdkvdkufonf/ vdk&if;t"dyÜm,frSmrlum;- xGufoufç 0ifoufrIESihfjzpfap? £&d,myxrIESihfjzpfap? orÜZnrIç "mwkreodum&rIç t|duonmrI ponfESifhjzpfap aeYaeYnn Edk;Mum;orQ £&d,mykwf 4-yg;wdkYü rdrdpdwf udk rdru d , kd üf xm;vdo k rQxm;Edik Mf uatmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwMf uuke&f m\/ xm;vdo k rQ xm;Edik Mf uvQif pdwu f t kdf pd;k &rI&adS yojzihf pdwu f t kd pd;k r&aom ol½;l ç olErS ;f tjzpfrS uRwv f w G Mf uuke\ f / avSwufukd tvGeEf ikd ef if;aom avSoBl u;D ESihf wlMuuke\ f / 0efaqmifrEI iS fh xrf;yd;k eyfaemNy;D aom EGm;&Siçf rif;yGJobifç ppfajrjyifwdkYü ,OfNyD;vdr®mNyD;aom qifBuD;&Sifrif;wdkYESihf wlukef\/ pdwfudktpdk;&rIrnfonf trsdK;rsdK;tqihfqihf&Sd\/ um,*wm owdwnfaxmifro I nf jrwfpmG bk&m;wd\ Yk omoemtvkyüf tppGmaom tpd;k &rIaywnf;/ oxrvrf;udk rvdu k v f Mkd urlí oku0© yd óuyk*Kd¾ vw f Ykd \vrf;jzpfaom 0dyóemrIoufoufuo kd m tm;xkwMf uvQif um,*wm owdxajrmufonfrS 0dyóemodkYwufMuav/ um,*wmowdy|mefukd toD;tjcm;rvkyv f Nkd y/D 0D&, d udo k m xufoefpmG tm;xkwí f 0dyóemrIrmS yif um,*wmowdvnf; tNy;D yg atmif tm;xkwfrnfqdkvQif ÓPfpGrf;ç 0D&d,pGrf;&SdaomolrSefayrl NyD;pD; \/ emrfç ½kyfwdkY\ jzpfrIç ysufrIudktjrifaygufaom O',AÁ,ÓPfESihf ,SOfaom um,*wmowdonf txGwftjrwfjzpfaom um,*wm owdaywnf;/ orxvrf;üvnf; xGufoufç 0ifoufjzpftHh? ½lyg0p&pwkwpsmefwdkifatmif aygufa&mufEdkif\/ auomç avmrmpaom 'Gwåd Hom um& um,*wmowdü 0PÖreodum&rIjzpftHh ormywf&Spfyg; tukef aygufa&mufEikd \ f / y#duv l reodum&rIjzpfthH yXrpsmefoYkd aygufa&muf Edkif\/ 0dyóemtjrifaygufayvQif r*fÓPfç zdkvfÓPfodkYvnf; aygufa&mufEikd af wmhonf/ orxç 0dyóemraygufaomfvnf; rdru d , kd f ü rdrpd w d u f kd xm;vdo k rQxm;Edik af om um,*wmowdoYkd a&mufvQiyf if tNrdKufedAÁmefodkY oHk;aqmif&aomolrnf\[lí a[mawmfrl\/ ]]trwH awoH y&dbkwåH? a,oH um,*wmowd y&dbkwåm}}/ (t*F k w å d K &f ygVd a wmf ) a,oH? &Si&f iS v f v l l tMuifow l o Ykd nf? um,*wmowd? um, *wmowdudk/ y&dbkwåm? oHk;aqmif&\/ awoH? xdkolwdkYonf/ trwH? tNrdKufedAÁmefudk/ y&dbkwåH? oHk;aqmif&\/ (teuf) tNrKd uef Ad mÁ efqo kd nfum;- pdw\ f tvGeaf t;Nird ;f jcif;udk qdo k wnf;/ ,ck yuwd rdarG;wkdif;ç zarG;wkdif; &SdaeMuaompdwfonf pdwf½l;ç pdwfaemufç pdwfav pdwfvGifhrsdK;jzpfí tvGefajcmufaoGUylavmif\/ jiKwfoD;ydk;onf jiKwfoD;tyludk rodouJhodkYvnf;aumif;ç wPSmEdkifiHodkY vkdufíaeaomolonf wPSmtyludk rodouJhodkYvnf;aumif;ç a'go rmevTr;f rd;k aeaomolonf a'gotyl-rmetylukd rodouJo h v Ykd nf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYpdwf½l; pdwfaemuftyludk ylrSef;rodMuukef? um,*wmowd ckdifNrJ pGmwnfí pdwf½l;pdwfaemufaysmufNidrf;aomtcgrS xdktyludk aumif; aumif;BuD;odMuukef\/ xdktylNidrf;aomtcGihfudkvnf; &Muukef\/ xdktylodkY wzefjyefía&mufrnfudkyif aMumufMuukef\/ orxpsmef pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y

The essential meaning is, whether it be by outbreathing or in-breathing, by iriya-patha (four postures__going, standing, sitting, lying), by sampajañña(clear comprehension), by dhatumanasika-ra (advertence of mind on the elements) or by at.t.hikasañña-(contemplation of bones), one must put forth effort in order to acquire the ability of placing one's attention on one's body and its postures for as long as one wishes throughout the day and night at all waking hours. If one can keep one's attention fixed for as long as one wishes. then mastery has been obtained over one's mind. Thus does one attain release from the state of a mad man. One now resembles the boatman who has obtained mastery over his rudder or the owner of the tamed and trained bullock or the king who employs the tamed and trained elephant.

There are many kinds, and many grades, of mastery over the mind. The successful practice of ka-yagata-sati is, in the Buddha Sa-sana-, the first stage of mastery over one's mind.

Those who do not wish to follow the way of samatha (Calm) but dersire to pursue the path of pure vipassana- which is the way of the sukkhavipassaka individual, should proceed straight to vipassana- after the successful establishment of kayagata-sati.

If they do not want to practise ka-yagata-sati separately and if they mean to practise Vipassana- with such industry that it may carry ka-yagata-sati with it, they will succeed, provided that they really have the necessary wisdom and industry. The kayagata-sati that is associated with udayabbaya-ña-na (Knowledge arising from contemplation of the arisings and vanishings of mental and physical phenomena) which clearly sees their coming into existence and passing away, is very valuable indeed.

In the samatha (Calm) method, by practising the kayagata-sati of out-breathing and in-breathing, one can attain up to ru-pa-vacara catutthu jha-na (the fourth Jha-na of the FormSphere); by practising van.n.a manasika-ra of the ka-yagata-sati of the thirty two parts of the body, such as kesa- (hair of the head) loma-(hair of the body) etc. one can attain all the eight samapattis, and by practising patiku-lamanasikara of the same kayagata-sati one can attain the first Jha-na. If vipassana- (Insight) is attained in the process, one also can attain the Paths and the Fruits.

Even if completion is not arrived at in the practice of samatha and vipassana- (Calm and Insight), if the stage is reached where one attains control attention fixed on wherever one wishes it to be, it was said by the Buddha that such a one can be said to be one who enjoys the savour of amata.

Amatam. tesam. paribhuttam., Yesam. ka-yagata- sati paribhuta-.

These who enjoy ka-yagata- sati, enjoy amata.

Here, amata means great peacefulness or tranquillity of mind.

In its original natal state, the mind is highly unstable in its attentiveness, and thus is parched and hot in its nature. Just as the insects that live on capsicum are not aware of its heat, just as beings pursuing the realm of tan.ha- (Craving) are not aware of tan.ha-'s heat, just as beings subject to anger and pride are not aware of the heat of pride and anger, so are beings unaware of the heat of unsettle minds. It is only when, through ka-yagata-sati, the unsettlement of their minds disappear, do they become aware of the heat of unsettled minds. Having attained the state of the disappearacne of that heat, they develop a fear of a relapse to that heat. The case of those who have attained the first Jhana, or udayabbayaña- na, through ka-yagata-satipat. t. ha-na needs no To page 24

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

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-idkp&majymí ikda<u;cJh&jcif;onfvnf; ta&r& tzwf r& tvum; tv[ó?

-wpfzufudkMunhf NyHK;rdrJhrdjcif;rsm;onfvnf; ta&r& tzwf r&? tvum; tv[ó? xdkxdkt&mtm;vHk; avoHzrf; 'ef;pD;jcif;rQom/ xdkxdkt&mtm;vHk; aAsmoHMum;jzihf w&m;emaejcif;rQom/ þodkYvQif... omrefumv\ cHpm;cJ&h rIrsm;udv k nf;aumif;? atmufatmuf ÓPfpOfrsm;wke;f u cHpm;cJ&h rIrsm;udv k nf;aumif;? qefcgwif pm&if;csKyf tajzrSef xkwfvsufuom &Sdbd\/ odkYwnf;r[kwf... &Sifi,f0rf;vnf; 0ifcJhNyD? &SifBuD;0rf;vnf; 0ifcJhNyD? acs;apmfeHvdkYvnf; jyefcJhNyD qdkpum;twdkif;....

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-tcsKUd um; vIy&f mS ;yHrk Q jrifocd iG &fh aom tedpt ö csuf vufuikd f jyKí usefESpfcsuf aemufvdkuftjzpfjzihf ½Iodae\/ -tcsKdUum; vIyf&Sm;rI\ tysuftxd jrifodcGihf&aom 'ku© tcsufudk vufudkifjyK usefESpfck aemufvdkuftjzpfjzihf ½Iodae\/ - tcsKdUum; vIyf&Sm;yHk\ oabmrQtxd jrifodcGihfomaom tewå tcsufudk vufudkifjyK usefESpfck aemufvdkuftjzpf ½Iodae\/ þÓPfrsm;ü qifjcifrI(½IodrI)[lonf....

0DrHom"dywd wyfaomrSwfÓPf? todÓPfESpfyg;pHkxyfí rSwfaejcif;udkom qdk\/ wrifawG;awmrIudk qdkonfr[kwfacs/ þÓPfü 'ku©tcsuf uGufíjrifjcif;onf... or®oerSmuJhodkY txifr[kwf wu,fvQif yDjyifvGef;vS\/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfrIt&mrQ jzpf&um; 'ku©rSxdkifí ½I&aom oabmrsKd;r[kwfaomaMumihf...

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

txufygtcsufoHk;csuf tm;oef&mtcsuf ½Iodvsufu yrm...xrf;ydk;o,f,lvmcJh&aom 0efxkyfBuD;udk ycHk;ay:rS ypfcsvdkuf NyD; cg;axmufumMunhfaeonhfyrm -rNrJrIü igryg igESifhrNrJ wpfuGJpDoufoufyJ -qif;&JrIü igr&Sd igESihfqif;&JrI wpfpkpDoefYoefYyJ -oabmrQonf igr[kwf oabmESihfig wjcm;pD uGJjym;ae onfom/ þodkYvQif iguwjcm; rNrJponfuwjcm; pnf;jcm;NyD;omjzpf ae\/ odkYr[kwf eifh[meifae igY[migae rnf[líyif/ onfhtwl...pdEÅmr,ÓPfjzihf awG;,lMunhf&mwdkif;üvnf; r,m;ESihfig igwjcm; r,m;wjcm;om? igYr,m;qdkonfrSm tvum;? om;ESiifh g igwjcm;om;wjcm;om? igom;qdo k nfrmS tvum; rnf o nf h tm½H k c H p m;ae&ygap tm½H k w jcm; igwjcm; oabmxm;jcif; wmrpm;/ rnfonfha0'emay:ap a0'emwjcm; igwyg; oabmoGm; um; wpfom;wnf;rus uyfr&/ þodkY.... olonfol udk,fonfudk,f ESpfudk,fh wpfpdwf rcsdwfrdaom aMumihftaumif;onftaumif;? igonf ig ruif;vnf; uGmaeNyDjzpf aomaMumihf tqdk;utqdk; iguig olrom udk,f tokb oabmjcif; rQaeaomaMumihf Mum;aeu Mum;ae iguvnf;ig ESpfckpvHk; Mum;ae orm;csnf;omjzpfaomaMumihf/ tNyHK;rJh 0rf;enf;0rf;om bufvdkuftrlt&mrsm; rxvmNyD/

onfrQruao;...

-'ku©udk okcodkYoabmxm;NyD; okcudkvnf; 'ku©odkYjrifvm\/ -'ku©udkum; rdwfaqG? okcudkum; &efoltoGif jrifvm\/ -'kuo © nfomtppf? okcum; twk[í l vnf; jrifvmao;\/ odkYr[kwf c&D;oGm;BuD; rsufpdvnf ajypjyKvmNyD/ xdkokc? 'ku©obm0w&m;ESpfyg;onf... &efolqdkvnf; [kwf\? rdwfaqGqdkvnf; rrSm;ygacs/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf... tpGJruif;oltay:ü cspfjcif;rkef;jcif; ESpfyg;jzihf &efrsm;apNyD; tpGJuif;olü tjzLESihftrJ cGJjcm;jyay;wwfaomaMumihf/ þÓPfudk usrf;xGufpum;u ocFg½kayu©mÓPfqdk\/ bmudkyif ½Ird½Ird rIpdwfr&SDawmhaomaMumihfwnf;/ þÓPftqihfü.... csr;f omESiq fh if;&J aMumufjcif;ESiEfh pS o f ufjcif;rsm;udk tnD trQ xm;um cHpm;Ekdif\/ wnfNidrfrIESihf BudK;pm;rI[laom orm"dESihf 0D&d, nDrQaeMuí ½I&mü yifyef;rIvnf;r&Sd/ ¤if;tjyif...

-MumMum½Iav odrfarGUavvnf;jzpf\/ -udk,fpdwfESpfyg; xm;oavmuf cdkifcefY\/ -rvIyrf ,Supf w d jf zihf tm½Hw k u Ykd kd vufcu H m qufqaH y;wwf\/ -þtqihfa&mufqJ pdwfonf bk&m;? &[EÅmwdkY\ pdwfawmf rsm;ESihf wpfusdwfwnf; wpfÓPfwnf;yrmom/

pmrsuf E S m 22 rS taeodkYa&mufaom um,*wmowdy|mefç O',AÁ,ÓPftaeodkY a&mufaom um,*wmowdy|mefwdkYü qdkbG,fr&SdNyD/ xdkYaMumifh txufaomyk*¾dKvftjzpfodkYa&mufavav um, *wmowdy|mefodkY rvTwfEdkifavav jzpfownf;/ t&d , myk * ¾ d K vf w d k Y o nf v nf ; y&d e d A Á m ef p H o nf w d k i f a tmif owdy|mefav;yg;udk tm[m&jyKMuukefawmhonf/ xGufoufç 0ifouf paom udk,ft*Fgü wpfem&Dç ESpfem&Dponfjzifh pdwfudkwnfNidrfpGm xm;Ed k i f ½ H k r Qaom um,*wmowd r I o nf u m; 0D & d , xuf o ef v Qif xufoefonhftavsmufç 0D&d,aysmhnHhvQif aysmhnHhonhftavsmuf ckepf&ufcefYESifh aygufonfvnf;&Sd\/ 15- &ufcefYESifh aygufonfvnf; &Sd\/ wpfvcefYESifhaygufonfvnf;&Sd\/ 2- vç 3- vç 4- vç 5- vç 6- vç wpfEpS çf ESpEf pS çf oH;k ESprf S aygufonfvnf;&S\ d / xGuo f ufç 0ifouf vkyfyHktpD&ifrSm igwdkY pD&ifaomtmemyge'DyeD&Sd\/ 'Gwåd Homum&tpD t&ifrSm a&S;q&mwdkYxkwfjyaom ur®|mef;pm trsm;&Sd\/ þ'Gwåd H omum&tvkyfü auomç avmrmç ecgç 'EÅmç wapm- þig;ckonf wpyÍöurnf\/ þig;ckxifjrifpNJG rv J Qiyf if um,*wmowdajrmufawmh onf/ þwGifa&GUum; cyfodrf;aombk&m;omoemwdkYü ae,syk*¾dKvf y'y&ryk*¾dKvfwdkYonf awGU&SdqJjzpfaom bk&m;omoemüyif r*fç zdkvfudk &Edik jf cif;iSm bm0emrIwiG f a&S;OD;pGmwnfaxmiftm;xkwMf uaom um, *wmowdbm0em[kqdktyfaom owdy|mefav;yg; t>rufNyD;\/ owd y |mef 4- yg;NyD ; \/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

from page 22 elaboration.

Hence, the higher the attainments that one reaches, the more does it become difficult for one to be apart from ka-yagatasati. The ariya puggalas (Holy Ones) use the four satipat.t.ha-na as mental nutriment until they attain parinibba-na.

The ability to keep one's attention fixed on parts of the body, such as out-breath and in-breath for one or two hours, takes one to the culmination of one's work in seven days, or fifteeen days, or a months or two months, or three months, or four months, or five months, or three months, or four months, or five months, or sis months, or ayear, or two years, or three years, according to the intensity of one's efforts.

Four the method of practising out-breathing and inbreathing, see my "Ana-pa-na Dipan1-" There are many books by past teachers on the method of the thirty-two parts of the body. In this method, kesa (hair of the head), loma (hair of the body), nakha(nails), danta(teeth), taco (skin) are known as taca pancaka (Group ending with taco as the fifth). If attention can be firmly fixed on these five, the work of ka-yagata-sati is accomplished.

For catu dha-tu vavattha-na (Analysis of the Four Great Primaries), ru-pa-vipassana- (Contemplation of Physical Phenomena), and na-ma-vipassana- (Contemplation of Mental Phenomena), see my "Lakkhana D1-pan1-", "Vijja--magga D1-pan1-", "Ahra D1-pan1-", and "Anatta D1-pan1-" Here ends a concise explanation of ka-yagata-sati bhavana, which is one of the four satipat.t.hana, and which has to be established first in the work of bha-vana- (Mental Contemplation) by Neyya and Padaparama individuals for the purpose of attaining the Paths and the Fruits within a Buddha Sa-sana.

Here ends satipat.t.ha-na.

(To be continue)

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

COVER SPECIAL FEATURS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

Mo0g'ygwd a rmuf j yjcif ; jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifwdkY\ tyg,fab;rS uif;a0;apaom tqHk; trudk ]]Mo0g'}} [kac:NyD;? xdkMo0g' rdefYMum;awmfrlonfudk Mo0g'ygwd armuf jyonf[k ac:qdkygonf/ Mo0g'ygwd a rmuf E S p f r sd K ; xdkygwdarmufonf Mo0g'ygwdarmuf? tmPmygwdarmuf [lí ESprf sKd ;&Syd gonf/ Mo0g'ygwdarmufukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siw f o Ykd m jyawmf rlygonf/ wynhfom0uoHCmawmfrsm; jycGifhr&Sdyg/ wynhfoHCmawmf rsm;onf tmPmygwdarmufudkom jycGihf&SdMuygonf/ ouf a wmf & S n f b k & m;ES i f h o uf a wmf w d k b k & m; yGifhawmfrlMuNyD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;rsm;teuf? oufawmf&Snf awmfrlMuaom bk&m;&SifwdkYonf Mo0g'ygwdarmufudk toufxufqHk; jyawmfrMl uygonf/ oufwrf;wdak om bk&m;&Siw f o Ykd nf Mo0g'ygwdarmuf udk 0gawmf (20) twGif;rSmom jyawmfrlMuygonf/ urÇmavmuü avmb? a'go ponfp½du k q f ;kd rsm; xlajymcsed f umvrsm;wGif Mo0g'wnfNr&J ef cJ,Of;aomaMumihf 0gawmf (20) vGev f Qi?f wynhfom;oHCmwdkYtm; tmPmygwdarmufudk jyapMuygonf/ Mo0g'ygwd a rmuf j y&ef t*F g av;csuf jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifwdkYonf Mo0g'ygwdarmufudk atmufygt*Fg av;csuf jynhfpHkrSom jy½dk;jzpfygonf/ (1) wydkYwGJvjynhfaeYESifh BuHKBudKufjcif;/ (2) {[dbdu©&[ef;y&dowfcsnf;omjzpfjcif;/ (3) qVmbdn y#dorÇd'gywå&[EÅmcsnf;jzpfjcif;/ (4) rnfolrQ ryihfzdwf&yJ tvdkvdk<uvmjynhfpHkjcif;/ a*gwrjrwf p G m bk & m; Mo0g'ygwd a rmuf j yawmf r l j cif ; a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio f nf r[mouú&mZf 103 ckEpS ?f wydw Yk JG vjynhfaeYwGif txufazmfjyyg t*Fgav;&yfwdkYESihf jynhfpHkaom? O½ka0v uóy? e'Duóy? *,muóywnf;[laom &aohnDaemif &Spfwpf axmif/ t&Sio f m&dyw k &å m? t&Siaf rm*¾vmefwEYkd iS fh wynhf 250? pkpak ygif; &[EÅmt&Sifjrwf 1252 yg;wdkYtm;? *gxmoHk;yk'fjzihf pD&ifygaom Mo0g' ygwdarmufudk jyawmfrlygonf/ yd # uwf o H k ; yH k tES p f c sKyf w &m; Mo0g'ygwdarmuf*gxmonf oDv? orm"d? ynmwnf;[laom odu©moHk;&yfudk a[mMum;awmfrlonfjzpfí? yd#uwfawmfoHk;yHk\ tESpf csKyfw&m;[k qdkEdkifygonf/ ,if;Mo0g'ygwdarmufa'oemawmftwkid ;f vku d ef musiafh qmif Muygu? rsufarSmufb0üyifvQif udk,f? EIwf? pdwfoHk;yg;pvHk; ,Ofaus; vdr®mNyD; tdk? em? aovGwf&m tocFw"mwf edAÁmefjrwfodkY rvGJrkcs rsufarSmufjyK qkdufa&mufEdkifMurnfjzpfygonf/ Mo0g'ygwd a rmuf w &m; (13) yg; Mo0g'ygwdarmu©"r®onf ygVdawmf*gxmAE¨ (3) yg'&Sdí? usihfaqmifw&m; (13) yg;&Sdygonf/ ¤if;Mo0g'ygwdarmufw&m; (13) yg;wdkYrSm atmufygtwkdif; teuft"dyÜm,fESifhwuG jzpfygonf/ (1) cEÅ D y &rH waygwd w d u © m onf;cHjcif;onf jrwfaomtusihfjzpfonf/ (2) edAÁmeH y&rH 0'EÅdAk'¨g tjrwfqHk;aomw&m;wkdYwGif edAÁmefonf tjrwfqHk;jzpfonf/

25

(3) e [d yAÁZdawm y½lyCmwd yAÁZdw &[ef;aumif;\tusihfum; ol\toufudk owfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;jzpfonf/ (4) eoraPm a[mwd y&H 0 d a [|,aEÅ m orP&[ef;aumif;\tusihfum; olwpfyg;tm; rn§if;qJjcif; jzpfonf/ (5) oAÁ y gyó tu&PH raumif;rIrSeforQ rjyKjcif;/ (6) uk o vó OyorÜ ' g aumif;rIukodkvfrSeforQjyKjcif;/ (7) opd w å y &d a ,m'gyeH rdrd\pdwfudk tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sdatmif jzLpifoefY&Sif; apjcif;/ (8) tEk y 0ga'g EI w f j zih f ol w pf y g;tm; rpG y f p G J j cif ; / (r[k w f r rS e f v k y f B uH í tjypfrzdkYjcif;/) (9) tEk y Cmawm olwpfyg;tm; udk,fxdvufa&muf rn§if;qJ? rowfjzwfjcif;/ (10) ygwd a rmu© p oH 0 a&m &[ef ; \0d e nf ; od u © m ? vl \ ig;yg;oD v ? tmZD 0 |ruoD v ud k udk,fqkdif&mqdkif&m? apmihfpnf;xdef;odrf;jcif;/ (11) rwå n Kwmp bwå o d ® H tpmtm[m&pm;aomtcg twdkif;t&SnfyrmP (oifhroifh) csihfcsdefod&Sdjcif;/ (12) yEÅ K Íö o,emoeH qdwfNidrfaom awm? awmifacsmif0Srf; ausmif;ocFrf;t&yfü aejcif;/ (13) t"d p d a wå p tma,ma*g psmefr*fzv kd f pdw f x f ;l pdwjf rwftwGuf OD;apmufcsí tm;xkwjf cif;/ {wH A k ' ¨ g e omoeH þonhfjrwfw&m; (13) yg;wdkYonf Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqHk; trMo0g'ygwdarmu©"r®a'oemawmfaywnf;/ r[mok w 'D y eD u srf ; vm vuF m aqmif y k ' f (1) cEÅDw&m;? vufudkifxm;? BudK;pm;usihfoHk;yg/ (2) edAÁmefw&m;? tjrwfxm;? usihftm;oefMu&m/ (3) (4) oufowfn§if;yef;? rjyKwrf;? &[ef;yDo&m/ (5) tukodkvfrI? tpkpk? rjyKa&SmifMuOfyg/ (6) ukodkvfw&m;? tpOfyGm;? tm;xkwfBudK;pm;yg/ (7) ed0&Puif;? udk,hfpdwf&if;? oefY&Sif;Muap&m/ (8) EIwfjzihfpGyfpGJ? rjyKyJ? tNrJa&SmifMuOfyg/ (9) udk,fjzihfowfn§if;? rjyKvsif;? t&Sif;a&SmifMuOfyg/ (10) udk,fusihfoDv? apmifhxdef;Mu? jynhf0Muap&m/ (11) tpmtm[m&? oHk;aqmifu? odMuwkdif;twm/ (12) qdwNf ird af wmawmif? ocFr;f acsmif? aysmaf tmifaexkid yf g/ (13) psmef? r*fzdkvf[dwf? uJrdkpdwfjrwf? OD;xdyfñGwf? usihf0wf pGJNrJyg/ ]]Ak ' ¨ o moeH pd & H wd | wk } } Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

26

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS pdwfjzihfydkif;jcm;í ESvHk;oGif;awmfrlav\/ t&Sifr[marm*¾vmefonf ,kwfnhHonfhtusihf&Sdaom rpif Mu,fonfjzpfí ,Hrk mS ;awG;awmzG,t f usi&fh adS om? trIukd zH;k uG,af om? &[ef;r[kwyf J &[ef;[k 0efcaH om jrwfaom tusiu fh rkd usiyfh J jrwfaom tusihfudkusihf\[k 0efcHaom? twGif;ykyfaom udavomrdk; pGwfpdkaom? trd I u f u J h o d k Y j zpf a om? &[ef ; oH C m\ tv,f ü xd k i f a eaom oDvr&Sdaom ]]'kóDv} yk*¾dKvfudkjrifí? ae&mrSxNyD;vQif xdkyk*¾dKvfxHodkY csOf;uyfNyD;vQif þodkYqdkawmfrlav\/ ]]igY&Sif xavmh? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oihfudkjrif\/ oihftm; &[ef;wdkYESihftwlwuG aygif;oif;EkdifrIr&Sd}} [k qdkaomfvnf; xdkyk*¾dKvf onf qdwfqdwfaeav\/ ESpfBudrfajrmufvnf; xdkyk*¾dKvfonf qdwfqdwfomae\/ oHk;Budrfajrmufvnf; xdkyk*¾dKvfonf qdwfqdwfae\/ xdktcg t&Sifr[marm*¾vmefonf xdkyk*¾dKvfudk vufarmif;rS udkifí wHcg;rkcfrStjyifodkY xGufapum rif;wkyfi,frif;wkyfBuD;udkvQdKí jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfodkY csOf;uyfNyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm; av\/ ]]t&Sifbk&m; tuREfkyfonf xdkyk*¾dKvfudk xGufaptyfygNyD/ y&d owfwo Ykd nf pifMu,fygNyD t&Sib f &k m;? jrwfpmG bk&m;onf &[ef;wdt Yk m; ygwdarmufudkjyawmfrlygavmh}} ]]arm*¾vmef tHhzG,fwnf;/ arm*¾vmef rjzpfbl;NrJjzpf\/ xdk (r*fzdkvfrS) tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,musfm;onf? vufarmif;rS udkifonfh wdkifatmifaomfvnf;? qdkif;iHhaebd\}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m;rdefYawmfrl\/ r[mork ' ´ & m\tH h z G , f & S p f y g; xdktcgjrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkYtm; ]]r[mork'´&m\ tHhzG,f&Spfyg;}} ESihfpyfvsOf;onfh w&m;awmfudk rdefY`rGwfawmfrlav\/ (1) &[ef;wdkY...r[mork'´&monf tpOftwdkif;edrfh\/ tpOf twdkif;udkif;\? tpOftwdkif; ½dIif;\? pvQif pjcif;reuf? ,if;odkY r[m ork'´&m\ tpOftwdkif; edrfhjcif;? udkif;jcif;? ½dIif;jcif;? pvQifpjcif; reufjcif;onf r[mork'´&mü rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom yXrtHhzG,foabm aywnf;/ ,if;oabmwdu Yk jkd rifuek jf rifuek í f ? tol&mwdo Yk nf r[mork'´ &mütvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (2) &[ef;wdkY? wzefxdkYjyifvnf; r[mork'´&monf wnfwHhaom oabm&Sdonfjzpfí urf;udkrvGef/ ,if;odkYwnfwHhaom oabm&Sdonf jzpfíurf;udkrvGefjcif;onfvnf; r[mork'´&mürjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom 'kwd, tHhzG,f oabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukefjrifukefí tol&mwdkYonf r[mork'´&mü tvGef arGUavsmfukef\/ (3) &[ef;wdkY wzefxdkYjyifvnf; r[mork'´&monf taoaumif ykyfESihf rqufqH/ r[mork'´&mü taoaumifykyf&SdvQif urf;odkYvQif pGm uyfap\/ ukef;odkYwifap\/ þonfoabmwdkYonf r[mork'´&m ürjzpfzl;NrJjzpfaom wwd,tHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukefjrifukefí tol&mwdkYonf r[mork'´&mü tvGefarGUavsmf\/ (4) &[ef;wdkY wzefxdkYjyifvnf; **Fg? ,rHkem? tpd&0wD? o&bl? r[D[al omjrpfBu;D tm;vH;k wdo Yk nf r[mork'&´ modaYk &mufuek v f wfaomf a&S;üjzpfaom trnftEG,fwdkYudk pGefYí ]]r[mork'´&m}} [líom vQif ac:a0:jcif;odkY a&mufukef\/ ,if;odkY? **Fg? ,rHkem? tpd&0wD? o&bl? r[D[laom jrpfBuD;tm;vHk;wdkYonf r[mork'´&modkY a&mufukef aomf

recluse, not a farer of the Brahma- faring (although) pretending to be a farer of the Brahma-faring, rotten within, filled with desire; filthy by nature; seeing him, he approached that individual, having approached, he spoke thus to that individual: "Get up, your reverence, the Lord has seen you; for you there is no communion together with the monks."

When he had spoken thus that individual became silent. And a second time....And a third time the venerable Moggalla- na the Great spoke thus to that individual: "Get up, your reverence, the lord has seen you; for you there is no communion together with the monks."

And a third time that individual became silent. Then the venerable Moggalla-na the Great, having taken that individual by the arm, having thrust him out through the porch of the gateway, having shot the bolt, approached the Lord; having approached, he spoke thus to the Lord: "Lord I have thrush that individual out; the company is entirely pure; Lord, let the Lord recite the Pa-timokkha to the monks."

"How strange, Moggalla-na, how wonderful, Moggalla-na that that foolish man should have waited even until he was taken hold of by the arm."

Eight strange and wonderful things about the great ocean.

Then the Lord addresed the monks, saying: "Monks, the are these eight strange and wonderful things about the great ocean, from constantly having seen which asuras delight in the great ocean. What are the eight?

(1) The great ocean, monks, deepens gradually, slopes gradually, shelves gradually, with no abruptness like a precipice.

And monks, that the great ocean deepens gradually, slopes gradually, shelves gradually with no abruptness like a precipice– this, monks, is the first strange and wonderful things about the great ocean from constantly having seen which asuras delight in the great ocean.

(2) And again, monks, the great ocean is stable, it does not overflow its margins. And, monks, that the great ocean is stable, that it does not overflow its margines- this, monks, is the second strange and wonderful things...

(3) And again, monks the great ocean does not associate with a dead body, a corpse. Whatever dead body, corpse there may be in the great ocean, that it just quickly forces ashore and pushes on to the dry land. That the great ocean, monks, does not associate with a dead body, a corpse...this, monks, is the third strange and wonderful thing...

(4) And again, monks, all the great rivers, that is to say the Ganges, the Jamuna, the Aciravati, the Sarabhu- , the Mahi– these, on reaching the great ocean lose their former names and identities and are reckoued simply as the great ocean. That all the great rivers...this, monks is the fourth strange and wonderful thing...

(5) And again, monks, those streams which in the world flow into the great ocean, and those showers from the sky which fall into it. yet is neither the emptiness nor the fullness of the great ocean affected by that. That those streams which in the world ... this monks, is the fifth strange and wonderful things....

(6) And again, monks, the greal ocean has one taste, the taste of salt. That the great ocean, monks, has one taste...this monks, is the sixth strange and wonderful thing ....

VISION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ a&S;üjzpfaom trnftEG,w f u Ykd kd pGejYf cif;? ]]r[mork'&´ m}} [lí omvQif ac:a0:jcif ; od k Y a &muf j cif ; onf v nf ; ? þr[mork ' ´ & m\ rjzpfz;l NrjJ zpfaom pwkwt ¬ zhH , G o f abmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudjk rifuek f jrifukefí tol&mwdkYonf r[mork'´&mü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (5) &[ef;wdkY wzefxdkYjyifvnf; avmuütvHk;pHkaom jrpfi,f acsmif;i,fwdkYonfvnf;? r[mork'´&modkY 0ifukef\/ tvHk;pHkaom aumif;uifrS rdk;a&t,OfwdkYonfvnf; usukef\/ xdkYjyif r[mork'´&m \avsmrh I jznhrf o I nf rxif&mS ;/ ,if;odYk tvH;k pHak om jrpfi,facsmif;i,f wdkYonfvnf; ork'´&modkY0ifjcif;? tvHk;pHkaum aumif;uifrS rdk;a& t,OfwdkYvnf;usjcif;? xdka&wdkYaMumihf r[mork'´&m\ avsmhrI jynhfrI rxif&Sm;jcif;onfvnf; þr[mork'´&mü rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom yÍör tHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukefjrifukefí? tol&mwdkY onf r[mork'´&mü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (6) &[ef;wdkY wzefxdkYjyifvnf; r[mork'´&monf iefaom t&omwpfrsKd;wnf;om&Sd\/ ,if;odkY r[mork'´&m\ iefaom t&om wpfrsKd;wnf;om &Sdjcif;onfvnf; rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom q|tHhzG,f oabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudkjrifukef jrifukefí tol&mwdkYonf r[mork'´&mü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (7) &[ef;wdkY wzefxdkYjyifvnf; r[mork'´&monf ykvJ? jr? aMumifrsuf&GJ? c½koif;? ausmufovif;? oEÅm? aiG? a&T? ywåjrm;eD? ywåjrm;ajymuf[laom rsm;aom &wem? ra&rwGufEkdifaom &wem &S d \ / ,if ; od k Y r[mork ' ´ & mü yk v J ? jr? aMumif r suf & G J ? c½k o if ; ? ausmufovif;? oEÅm? aiG? a&T? ywåjrm;eD? ywåjrm;ajymuf[laom rsm;aom &wem? ra&wGufEkdifaom &wem&Sdjcif;onfvnf; r[m ork ' ´ & mürjzpf b l ; NrJ j zpf a om owå r tH h b G , f o abmaywnf ; / ,if;oabmudk jrifuek jf rifuek í f tol&mwdo Yk nf r[mork'&´ mü tvGef arGUavsmfukef\/ (8) &[ef;wdkY wzef xdkYjyifvnf; r[mork'´&monf wdrdrnfaom ig;? wdrd*Fvrnfaom ig;? wdrdwdrd*Fvrnfaom ig;? tol&m? e*g;? *E¨AÁewf[laom owå0gBuD;wdkY\vnf;aumif;? ,lZemwpf&m? ,lZem ESpf&m? ,lZem oHk;&m? ,lZem av;&m? ,lZem ig;&mwdkifatmif twåabmBuD;rm;aom owå0gwdkY\vnf;aumif; ae&mjzpf\/ ,if;odkY wdrrd nfaomig;? wdr*d v F rnfaomig;? wdrw d rd *d v F rnfaom ig;? tol&m? e*g;? *E¨AÁewf[laom owå0gBuD;wdkY\vnf;aumif;? ,lZem wpf&m? ig;&mwdkfifatmif twåabmBuD;rm;aomowå0gwkdY0,fvnf;aumif;? ae&mjzpf j cif ; r[mork ' ´ & mü rjzpf b l ; NrJ j zpf a om t|rtH h z G , f oabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukef jrifukefí tol&mwdkYonf r[mork'´&mü tvGefaysmfarGUukef\/ &[ef;wdYk r[mork'&´ mü rjzpfb;l NrjJ zpfaom tHzh , G o f abmwdYk onf þ&Spfyg;wdkYyifwnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukef jrifukefí tol&m wdkYonf r[mork'´&mütvGefaysmfarGUMuukef\/ omoemawmf ü tH h z G , f & S p f y g; &[ef;wdkY þtwlyif þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü rjzpfbl; NrjJ zpfaom tHzh , G &f pS yf g;wdo Yk nf &Su d ek \ f / ,if;tHzh , G &f pS yf g;wdu Yk kd jrifuek f jrifukefí &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmfü}} tvGefarGUavsmf ukef\/ ,if;&Spfyg;wdkYum; tb,fwdkYenf; (1) &[ef;wdkY r[mork'´&monf tpOftwdkif; edrfhouJhodkY tpOf twdkif; udkif;ouJhodkY tpOftwdkif; ½dIi;fouJhodkY pvsifpmjcif; reufo

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(7) And again, monks, the great ocean has many treasures, divers treasures; these treasures there, that is to say: peral, crystal, lapis lazuli, shell, quartz, coral, silver, gold, ruby, cat'seye. That the great ocean, monks, has many treasures....this monks, is the seventh strange and wonderful thing ....

(8) And again, monks, the great ocean is the abode of great beings; these beings are there: the timis, the timingalas, the timitimingalas, asuras, na-gas, gandhabbas. There are in the great ocean individualities a hundred yojanas (long), individualities two hundred...three hundred...four hundred... five hundred yojana (long). That the ocean, monks, is the abode of great beings; that these beings are there: the timis.... individualities five hundred yojanas (long)– this, nonks, is the eighth strange and wonderful thing about the great ocean from constantly having seen which asuras delight in the great ocean. These, monks, are the eight strange and wonderful things about the great ocean from constantly having seen which asuras delight in the great ocean.

Eight strange and wonderful things about the Dhamma and discipline "In exactly the same way, monks, in this dhamma and discipline there are eight strange and wonderful things from constantly having seen which monks delight in this dhamma and discipline. What are the eight?

(1) Even, monks as the great ocean deepens gradually, slopes gradually, shelves gradually with no abruptness like a precipies, even so, monks, on this dhamma and discipline there is a gradual training, a gradual doing, a gradual course, with no abruptness such a penetration of profound knowledge. And, monks, that in this dhamma and discipline there is a ... gradual course with no abruptness such as penetration of profound knowledge, this, monks, is the first strange and wonderful thing from constantly having seen which monks delight in this dhamma and discipline.

(2) And even, monks as the great ocean is stable and does not overflow its margins, even so, monks, whatever rule of training has been laid down by me for disciples, my disciples will not transgress it even for life;s sake. And that, monks, my disciples will not transgress even for life's sake a rule of training laid down by me for disciples, this, monks, is the second strange and wonderful thing...

(3) And even, monks, as the great ocean does not associate with a dead body, a corpse, but whatever dead body, corpse there may be in the great ocean, that it just quickly forces ashore and pushes on to the dry land, even so, monks, whatever individual is of bad moral habit, of depraved character, of impure and suspicious behaviour, of concealed actions, not a (true) recluse (although) pretending to be a (true) recluse, not a farer of the Brahma- faring (although) pretending to be a farer of the Brahmafaring, rotten within, filled with desire, filthy by nature– the Order does not live in communion with him, but having assembled quickly, suspends him; and although he is sitting in the midst of an Order of monks, yet he is far from the Order and the Order is far from him...this, monks, is the third strange and wonderful thing..

(4) And even, monks, as those great rivers, that is to say the Ganges, the Jamuna, the aciravati, the Mah1- which, on reaching the great ocean, lose their former names and identities and are reckoned simply as the great ocean, even so, monks, (menbers

VISION OF THE DHAMMA

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

uJhodkY þtwlyif þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tpOftwdkif; usihf& aom odu©m&Sd\/ tpOftwdkif;jyKtyfaom vkyfief;&Sd\/ tpOftwdkif; usifhtyfaom tusihfy#dy'g&Sd\/ pvsifpjcif; t&[wåzdkvfudk xdk;xGif; í rod? ,if;odkY þodu©mpOf&Sdjcif;? vkyfief;pOf&Sdjci;f? usihfpOf y#d y'g&Sdjcif;? pvQif pjcif; t&[wåzdkvfudk xdk;xGif;í rodjcif;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}}ü rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom yXrtHhzG,f oabm aywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukefjrifukefí &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (2) &[ef;wdkY r[mork'´&monf wnfwHhaom oabm&Sdonfjzpf í urf;udkrvGefouJhodkY þtwlyif wynhfwdkYtwGuf igbk&m; ynwf xm;aom odu©myk'fudk ig\ wynhfwdkYonf touf[laom taMumif; aMumihfaomfvnf; rusL;ausmfukef? ,if;odkY wynhfwdkYtwGuf igynwf xm;aom odu©myk'fudk touf[laom taMumif;aMumihfaomfvnf; ighwynhfwdkY\ rusL;ausmfjcif;onfvnf; þ"r®0de, ]]omoem awmf}} ü rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom 'kwd,tHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ (3) &[ef;wdkY r[mork'´&monf taoaumifykyfESihf rqufqH? r[mork'´&mü taoaumifykyf&SdvQif vsifpGmurf;odkY uyfapouJhokdY uke;f odw Yk ifapouJo h Ykd þtwlyif ,kwn f ahH om tusi&fh adS om rpifMu,f onfjzpfí ,HkrSm;awG;awmzG,f tusihf&Sdaom trIudk zHk;uG,faom? &[ef;r[kwfyJvsuf &[ef;[k 0efcHaom jrwfaomtusihfudk rusihfyJ jrwfaom tusihfudk usihf\[k 0efcHaom twGif;ykyfaom udavom rdk;pGwfaom trdIufuJhodkYjzpfaom oDvr&Sdaom ]]'kóDv}} yk*¾dKvfESihf oHCmonf rqufqH? pnf;a0;í xdkyk*¾dKvfudk vsifpGmESifxkwf\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfonf oHCmhtv,füxdkifaomfvnf; pifppftm;jzihf oHCmrS a0;\/ oHCmonfvnf; xdkyk*¾dKvfrSa0;\/ ,if;odkYjzpfjcif;wdkYonfvnf; þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ürjzpfbl;NrJjzpfukefaom wwd,tHhzG,f oabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudkjrifukef jrifukefí &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (4) &[ef;wdkY **Fg? ,rHkem? tpD&0wD? o&bl? r[D[laom jrpfBuD; tm;vHk;wdkYonf r[mork'´&modkY a&mufukefvwfaomf a&S;üjzpfaom trnftEG,w f u Ykd kd pGeí Yf ]]r[mork'&´ m}} [laom a&wGujf cif;odYk a&muf ukeo f uJo h Ykd þtwlyif rif;? ykPmÖ ;? ukeo f nf? olqif;&J[al om þtrsK;d av;yg;wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlaom "r®0de, ]]omoem awmf}} ü vlYabmifrS &[ef;abmifodkYa&mufukefvwfaomf a&S;üjzpfukef aom trnftEG,fwdkYudk pGefYí ]]omuD0ifrif;om; bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;wdkY}} [líomvQif a&wGufjcif;odkYa&mufukef\/ ,if;odYk a&mufuek jf cif;onfvnf; þ"r®0ed , ]]omoemawmf}} ürjzpfbl;NrJjzpfukefaom pwkw¬tHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ xkdoabmudk jrifukefjrifukefí &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGef arGUavsmfukef\/ (5) &[ef;wdkY þavmuü tvHk;pHkaom jrpfi,f acsmif;i,fwdkY onf r[mork'´&modkY 0ifukef\/ tvHk;pHkaom aumif;uifrS rdk;a& t,OfwdkYonfvnf; usukef\/ xdkYaMumifh r[mork'´&m\ avsmhrI jynfh rIonf rxif&Sm;ouJhodkY þtwlyif rsm;pGmaom &[ef;wkdYonf cE¨m r<uif ; usef a om tNid r f ; "mwf j zih f Nid r f ; uk e f \ / xd k N id r f ; jcif ; jzih f tNidrf;"mwf\ avsmhjcif; jynhfjcif;onf rxif&Sm;? ,if;odkY rsm;pGmaom &[ef;wd\ Yk cE¨m<uif;r&Sd tNird ;f "mwfjzihf Nird ;f jcif;? xdt k Nird ;f "mwf ]]edAmÁ ef}} \ avsmhrI jynhfrI rxif&Sm;jcif;lonfvnf; þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü rjzpfbl; NrJjzpfaom yÍörtHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk

of) these four castes: noble, brahman, merchant and low, having gone forth from home into homelessness in this dhamma and discipline proclaimed by the Truth-finder, lose their former names and clans and are reckoned simply as recluses, sons of the Sakyans... this, monks, is the fourth strange and wonderful thing..

(5) And even, monks, as those streams which in the world flow into the great ocean and those showers which fall into it from the sky, yet not by that is either the emptiness or the fullness of the great ocean affected– even so, monks, even if many monks attain nibba-na in the nibba-na- condition in which no more groups are remaining, not by that is either the emptiness or the fullness of the nibba-na- condition affected..this, monks, is the fifth strange and wonderful thing...

(6) And even, monks, as the great ocean has one taste, the taste of salt, even so, monks, does this dhamma and discipline have one taste, the taste of freedom...this, monks, is the sixth strange and wonderful thing...

(7) And even, monks as the great ocean has many treaures, divers treasures– these treasures are there, that is to say: peral, crystal, lapis lazuli, shell, quartz, coral, silver, gold, ruby, cat's–eye–even so, monks does this dhamma and discipline have many treasures, divers treasures-these treasures are there, that is to say; the four arousings of mindfulness, the four right efforts, the four bases of pyschic power, the five faculties, the seven links in awakening, the noble eightfold Way...this, monks is the seventh strange and wonderful thing...

(8) "And even, monks, as the great ocean is the abode of great beings– these beings are there: temis, timingalas, timitimingalas, asuras, na-gas, gandhabbas, individualities a humdred yojanas (long)..two hundred...three hundred...four hundred...five hundred yojanas (long)– even so, monks, this dhamma and displine is the abode of great beings– these beings are there: the stream- attainer, the one going along to the realisation of the fruit of stream- attainment, the once- returner, the one going along to the realisation of the fruit of once- returning, the non- returner, the one going along to the realisation of the fruit of non- returning, the perfected one, the one going along to perfection. And that, monks, this dhamma and discipline is the abode of great beings– these beings are there: the steamattainer..the one going along to perfection, this monks, is the eight strange and wonderful thing in this dhamma and discipline from constantly having seen which monks delight in this dhamma and discipline.

These, monks, are the eight strange and wonderful things in this dhamma and discipline from constantly having seen which monks delight in this dhamma and discipline" Then the lord, having known this matter, at that time uttered this utterance: "It rains hard on a covered thing, It rains not hard on an open thing; So open up the covered thing, Thus will it not rain hard on that."

To allow the recital of Pa-timokkha for monks Then the Lord on this occasion, in this connection, having given reasoned talk, addressed the monks, saying: "I allow you, monks, having assembled together on the fourteenth, fifteenth and eighth days of the half- month, to speak dhamma."

VISION OF THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ jrifukef jrifukef í &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de,]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (6) &[ef;wdkY r[mork'´&monf iefaom t&omwpfrsKd;wnf; om&SdouJhodkY þtwlyif þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü vGwfajrmufrI t&om wpfrsKd;wnf;om&Sd\/ ,if;odkYvGwfajrmufrI t&omwpfrsKd; wnf;om&Sdjcif;onfvnf; þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ürjzpfbl;NrJjzpf aom q|tHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukef jrifukefí &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGefaysmfarGUukef\/ (7) &[ef;wdkY r[mork'´&monf ykvJ? jr? aMumifrsuf&GJ? c½koif;? ausmufovif;? oEÅm? aiG? a&T? ywåjrm;eD? ywåjrm;ajymuf[laom rsm;aom &wem? ra&wGufEkdifaom &wem&SdouJhodkY þtwlyif þ"r®0ed , ]]omoemawmf}} onf owdy|mefav;yg;? or®y|mefav;yg;? £'d¨yg'f av;yg;? £a`E´ig;yg;? Adkvfig;yg;? aAmZÑifckESpfyg;? jzLpifaom t*Fg&Spfyg;&Sdaom r*f[laom rsm;aom&wem? ra&rwGufEkdifaom &wem&Sd\/ ,if;odkY "r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü rsm;aom&wem? ra&rwG u f E k d i f a om &wem&S d j cif ; onf v nf ; rjzpf b l ; NrJ j zpf a om owårtHhzG,foabmaywnf;/ ,if;oabmudkjrifukef jrifukefí &[ef; wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ (8) &[ef;wkdY r[mork'´&monf wdrdrnfaomig;? wdrd*Fvrnf aomig;? wdrdwdrd*Fvrnfaomig;? tol&m? e*g;? *E¨AÁewf[laom owå0gBuD;wdkY\vnf;aumif;? ,lZem wpf&m? ESpf&m? oHk;&m? av;&m? ,lZemig;&mwdik af tmif twåabmBu;D rm;aom owå0gwd\ Yk vnf;aumif; ae&mjzpfouJhodkY þtwlyif þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} onf aomwmyefyk*¾dKvf? aomwmywdåzdkvfudkrsufarSmufjyK&ef usihfqJ yk*¾dKvf? ou'g*grfyk*¾dKvf? ou'g*grdzdkvfudk rsufarSmufjyK&efusihfqJ yk*¾dKvf tem*grfyk*¾dKvf? tem*grdzdkvfudk rsufarSmufjyK&ef usihfqJyk*¾dKvf &[EÅm yk*¾dKvf? t&[wåzdkvfudk rsufarSmufjyK&ef usihfqJyk*¾dKvf[laom BuD;jrwf aom yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ ae&mjzpf\/ ,if;odkY BuD;jrwfaom yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ ae&mjzpfjcif;onfvnf; þ"r®0de,]]omoemawmf}}ü rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom t|rtHhzG,foabm aywnf;/ ,if;oabmudk jrifukefjrifukefí &[ef;wdkYonf þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü tvGefarGUavsmfukef\/ &[ef;wdkY þ"r®0de, ]]omoemawmf}} ü rjzpfbl;NrJjzpfaom tHhzG,foabmwdkYum; þ&Spfyg;wdkYyifwnf;/ ,if;oabmudkjrifukef jrifuek f í &[ef;wdo Yk nf þ"r®0ed , ]]omoemawmf}} ütvGeaf rGUavsmf ukef\[k jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYawmfrlav\/ O'gef ; usL;&if h a wmf r l j cif ; xdkYaemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdktaMumif;wdkYudk odawmfrlí

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Then as the Lord was meditating in seclusion a reasoning arose in his mind thus: "What now if I were to allow those rules of training, laid down by me for monks, (to form) a recital of Pa-timokkha for them?

It would be a (formal) act of observance for them."

Pa-timokkha means: Pa-timokkha means: this is the beginning, this is the head, this is the foremost of states that are good; therefore it is called Pa-timokkha.

(Transtation of the Greater Division of the Vinaya Pitaka, Maha-vagga and Cullavagga.)

xdktcsdefü þatmufazmfjyyg O'gef;udk usL;&ifhawmfrl\/ ]]tmywfudk zHk;vTrf;aom oludk udavomrdk; pGwfpdk\/ zGifhvSpf aom oludk udavomrdk;rpGwf/ xdkYaMumihf zHk;vTrf;NyD; tmywfudk zGifhvSpf ukefavmh/ þodkY zGifhvSpfaomf xdkoludk udavomrdk; rpGwfEdkif}} ygwd a rmuf j y&ef c G i h f j yKawmf r l j cif ; xdktcg qdwfNidrf&mt&yfodkYuyfvsuf wdwfqdwfpGmaeawmf rlaomjrwfpGmbk&m;tm; þodkYaomtBuHjzpfawmfrl\/ ]]igonf &[ef;wdkYtwGuf ynwfxm;aom odu©myk'fwdkYudk &[ef;wdkYtm; ygwdarmufjyapjcif;iSm cGihfjyK&rlaumif;av&m\/ xdkygwd armufjyjcif;onf &[ef;wdkYtm; OykofuHrnfonfjzpfvwåHY}} xdkYaemufjrwfpGmbk&m;onf ncsrf;tcg wdwfqdwfpGmaeawmf rl & mrS x awmf r l N yD ; vQif þtaMumif ; t&maMumih f w&m;pum;ud k a[mawmfrlí &[ef;wdkYtm; atmufygtwdkif; rdefYawmfrlav\/ ]]&[ef;wdkY qdwfNidrf&modkY uyfvsuf wdwfqdwfpGmaeaom igYtm; igonf &[ef;wdkYtwGuf ynwfxm;aom odu©myk'fwdkYudk &[ef; wdt Yk m; ygwdarmufjyapjcif;iSm cGijfh yK&rlaumif;av&m\/ xdyk gwdarmuf jyjcif;onfvnf; &[ef;wdkYtm; OykofuHrnfonfjzpfvwåHU}} ygwd a rmuf q d k o nf r S m ygwdarmuf[lonf þygwdarmu©oH0&oDvonf ukodkvf w&m;wdkY\ tpjzpf\/ ukodkvfw&m;wdkY\ a&SUoGm;jzpf\/ ukokdvf w&m;wdkY\ a&SUaqmifOD;pD;tBuD;trSL;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf ]ygwdarmuf} [k qdktyf\/ (ck'u ´ edum,f0if 0denf;yd#uwf? r[m0*¾ygVdawmf? Oaygox u©E¨uESihf plV0*¾ygVdawmf? ygwdarmu©|yeu©E¨uwdkYudk wifjytyfyg onf/) "r® 0 D & oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/ rSeforQudk rarha&jzihf ay;qyfvdkufjcif;jzpfacs\/ pmrsuf E S m 26 rS ypöKyÜefcE¨mrarhrod t0dZÆmudk rarhtod 0dZÆmjzihf vufiif;ay;pepfjzihf xdkYaMumihf tarhom;rsm; rdrdtartm; rarhw&m;tm;xkwf tjrpfjywf&iS ;f vdu k af omaMumihjf zpfonf/ vufiif;ay;pepfjzpfí taw; &eftwGuf a[majymay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;ay;jcif;jzihf tarhtm; aus;Zl; vGwf tawmif;vGwf ta[mif;yguRwf &ayonfomwnf;/ tarha<u; a<u; ay;qyf&m\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

t&d,mpcef; r*fwufvrf; q&mawmf O D ; eE´ ( rEÅ a v;)

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w,f/ azmufjyefw,f[k ½Ivkdufyg/ þuJhodkY pd w f a zmuf j yef r I u k d 2-3 Bud r f a vmuf ½IrdoGm;vQif pdwfonf Nidrfí txGufenf; oG m ;ygvd r f h r nf / ynmr*¾ i f ? orm"d r *¾ i f t"d y Ü g ,f azmufjyefrIukd NcKH&if;u ½Iwmonf trSeftwdkif; t&Sdtwdkif;jrifatmif ynmr*¾if OD;pD;í ½Ijcif;jzpfonf/ ½IuGufukd pkdufí½Ijcif;? ay:&mudkvkdufí½Ijcif;onf orm"dr*¾ifwdkY OD;pD;í ½Ijcif;jzpfonf/ 'gaMumihf azmufjyefrI wdkYukd ynmOD;pD;í NcKH&if;u ½Iwwfatmif avhusihf&jcif;jzpfonf/ acgif ; ? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yf v T w f í ½I & ef cE¨muk, d w f iG ;f odv Yk rS ;f í NcKMH unhv f u kd f aomtcg yl at; ,m;em awmifhwif; ponf wdkYu awmfawmfESihf jzpfysufrjrif&bJ &yfwnf ovdkjzpfaeaomtcg ay:vkdufaysmufvkduf jzpfívmatmif cE¨mukd,f? acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? ynwf? j'yfoEÅmefawGukdvTwfí cE¨m uk, d w f iG ;f u yl at; ,m; em awmihw f if; ponf wdkYudkyJ uGufíjrifatmifMunhfí azmufjyef aew,f? azmufjyefaew,f [k ½Iyg/ ½Ipdwf uvnf; ½IuGufukd vGwfí [kdtm½kH? 'Dtm½kHodkY ajy;oGm;aevQif rqGJESihf? rxdef;ESihf? pdwfazmuf jyefaew,fyJ ½Ivkdufyg/ ynwf o EÅ m ef j'yf v T w f ½ I t "d y Ü g ,f cE¨ m ud k , f w G i f ; u yl a t; ,m;em ponfwdkYukd cE¨mukd,f? acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? j'yf o EÅ m ef a wG u k d v T w f í ½I & rnf j zpf o nf / Oyrm- vufu ylwmudkawGUvQif vuf[laom j'yfoEÅmefudk vTwfí (vufukd tm½kHrjyKbJ) ylwmukcd snhf uGujf rifatmif Munhí f azmufjyef

w,f? azmufjyefw,f [k ½I&jcif;jzpfonf/ (usefwJh ,m;emawmifhwif;wdkYudkvnf; þ twkdif; ½I&rnfjzpfonf) tu,fí vufj'yf ukd rvTwb f J ylwmudck snfh pku d í f ½IaevQif vuf [laom ynwfj'yfygaeonhftwGuf ylwm[m awmfawmfESihfraysmufbJ ykdíylvmovkdjzpfae vdrfhrnf/ (ylwmu "gwfy&rwf jzpfí Oyg'f |Dbif&Sdonf? 0dyóem½IEkdifonf? vufj'yf u Oyg'f | D b if r &S d í 0d y óem r½I E k d i f / ) ½kyef mrfy&rwfudk 0dyóem½IvQif jzpfysujf rifí udavomr0ifEkdif/ ynwfukd tm½kHjyKvQif pGJNidrIjzpfí udavom0ifEkdifonf/ udavom [lonf avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? rdpäm'd|d ponfjzihf (10)yg;&Sdonf/ cE¨ m ÓPf a &muf cE¨mukd,f? acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yfoEÅmef ynwfawGukd vTwfí ½Izefrsm;vm aomtcg cE¨mukd,fwGif;u ylat; ,m;em awmihw f if;paom y&rwfwo Ykd nf wjznf;jznf; ESihf ay:vkduf aysmufvkdufjzpfí vmvdrfhrnf/ 'gukdyifNcKHí j'yfoEÅmefawGukdvTwfí qufí ½Iaeyg/ ylat;,m;em awmifw h if; pwJh y&rwf wdkYonf wjznf;jznf;ESihf zsif;zsif;&Sdef&Sdef okwf okwf vIyfvIyfwdkY jzpfíoGm;vdrfhrnf/ 'Dtcg ynwfCeausí cE¨mukd,f acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yfoEÅmefawGaysmufí vIyf&Gjzpfysuf ½kyfemrftpkBuD;ukdom jrifae&vdrfhrnf/ 'gukd yif qufí NcKí H ½IMunhaf eyg/ (O',AÁ,ÓPf? b*FÓPf ponfodkY) cE¨ m ÓPf a &muf t"d y Ü g ,f þ½I e nf ; onf ay:&mud k v k d u f í r½I&? pkdufír½I&? cE¨mukd,fwGif;u [kdem;u ylwmjyvkduf? 'Dem;u at;wmjyvkduf? wpfae &mu awmifw h if;jyvku d -f ae&mrsm;rsm; b,fvdk yJjyjy cGJr½I&? tm;vkH;aygif;NyD;NcKHíom ½I&rnf jzpfonf/ NcKHí½Izefrsm;aomtcg ynwf j'yf oEÅmefawG[m CeausNyD; vIyf&G emrf½kyf jzpfysufuav;awGjzpfí oGm;awmh\/ 'Dtcsdef upí vIyf&Sm;csufukd ½kyfemrftpkH[k ÓPfu ,lxm;yg/ þ½kyfemrfvIyf&G jzpfysufuav; onf ig½I o nf j zpf a p? r½I o nf j zpf a p ol Y t vk d vd k u jzpf y suf u k e f q k H ; íaeojzih f igonf tm;pk d u f í r½I a wmh b J od ½ k H o m od a eawmh r nf [ k rvG w f w rf ; Munh f í od½kHom odaevkdufygav/ Mumaomf vIyf&G jzpf y suf u av;awG o nf jref í vmNyD ; tjzpf u k d r jzpf & awmh b J tysuf u k d c snh f jrif & u ud a vomwd k Y u k d wpf p wpf p

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ y,f c G m í txuf Ó Pf o d k Y wuf v S r f ; Ek d i f y g awmh v wå H U / ud a vom cE¨ m uk d , f u k d NcKH í Munh f a omtcg ½kyfCe emrfCewdkYaMuí acgif;cg;ajcvuf j'yfoEÅmefwdkYudk rjrif&awmhbJ vIyfvIyf&G&G ½kyfemrfjzpfysuftpkBuD;udkom jrifvm&vdrhf rnf/ 'Dtcg avmb a'go paom udavom wd\ Yk ylavmifyw Hk u Ykd v kd nf; wpfcgwpfcg xif&mS ; pGm awGUvm&vdrfhrnf/ udavom[m tMurf;? tvwf? tEktm;jzihf (3)rsKd;&Sdonf/ 1-um,uH? 0pDuHtxd usL;vGef aom udavomukd 0Dwduúrudavom [k ac:onf/ (vG e f u sL;wJ h u d a vom) 2- pdwrf mS uyfí a'gyGjcif; wif;rwdrf Ek d i f j cif ; jzpf a ewJ h ud a vomuk d y&d , k | me ud a vom vom[k ac:onf / (pd w f E S i h f , S O f í jzpf a ewJ h ud a vom) 3- tm½kHwdkufvkdufvQif xíjzpfay: rnhf cE¨mukd,fxJ ½kyfemrfxJrSm udef;íaewJh wPSm (avmb)ukd tEko,udavom [k ac:onf / (½k y f x J e mrf x J r S m ud e f ; wJ h " gwf ) þodYk (3)rsKd;&Sdonf/ 1- 0Dwduúrudavomukd oDvjzihf xdef;íowf&rnf/ 2- y&d,k|meudavomukd pl;pkdufí ½IEkdifaom orm"djzihf owf&rnf/ 3- tEko,udavomukd r*fÓPf zkv d Ó f PfwjYkd ziho f m tjrpfjywf y,fowf&rnf/ -vuF m - vG e f u sL; ql y G u f rsKd ; rysuf ok H ; csuf ud a vom/ -oD v orm"d ynm zd o wf r nf h ok H ; od u © m / -temES i h f a q; oih f a tmif a y;? aysmuf a&;rcuf y g/ -temrod aq;r&S d ? temod u aq;&S d p G / -cE¨ m uk d , f ½k y f e mrf j zpf y suf w d k Y onf 'k u © o pö m / xk d ' k u © o pö m twG i f ; ü ud e f ; í aeaomtEk o ,wPS m (avmb)onf ork',opöm/ xkd'ku©opöm? ork',opöm wdkYudk trSeftwdkif; jrifvmatmif ½IMunhf aerI o nf avmuD 0d y óem r*¾ o pö m jzpf a wmh \ / ol Y t vk d v d k u k e f q k H ; Oayu© m ½I & ef cE¨mukd,fwGif;u ½kyfemrfy&rwfawG onf Ceausí acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yf oEÅmefwaYkd ysmufum vIyv f yI jf zKwjf zKwf ½kyef mrf

jzpfysut f pkBu;D ukd jrifvmaomtcg þ½kyef mrf jzpfysufwdkYonf igu ½Ionfjzpfap? r½Ionf jzpfap olYtvkdvkdukdu tNrJwrf; jzpfysuf uk e f q k H ; íaeayonf / 'gaMumih f igonf tm;pdu k í f r½IawmhbJ olt Y vkv d kd ukeq f ;Hk jcif;ukd NcK&H if;u od½o Hk m odaeawmhthH [k tvku d o f ihf rvGwfwrf;Munhf½kHom Munhfaeygav/ (txl; owd? cE¨mukd,f ynwfoEÅmefj'yfBuD;uom rsufjriftm;jzihf ckdifw,f NrJw,f[k xif&ay r,fh cE¨mukd,fwGif;u ½kyfemrf"gwfy&rwfawG uawmh jzpfwJhae&mwGifom ysufukefqkH;í aeMuayonf[k rjywfrjywf owdjyKyg/) Oayu© m t"d y Ü g ,f emrf½kyfjzpfysuftpkBuD;onf BuD;í vmvkduf ao;ívmvkduf jzpfvmwwfonf/ 'gudkyif rvGwfwrf; tvkdufoihfMunhfí aeyg av? Mumaomf vIyfvIyfjzKwfjzKwf ½kyfemrftpk av;[m ao;NyD; rsufESmatmufa&mufvm ovkdjzpfNyD; (*sifuav;wpfvkH;onf &yfí rwfí vnfaeovdk) wvIyfvIyfESihf jzpfysuf tpkuav;ukd rsufpdESihf jrifae&ovdk ÓPf jzihfjrifae&vdrfhrnf/ 'gudk rvGwfwrf; qufí Munh f a e&if ; u avmuD 0 d y óe,½I Ó Pf tm;aumif;ívmum avmukwå&mr*fÓPf onf wpfBudrfay:vmí tEko, ork', opöm wPSm (avmb)ukd y,fowfvdkufonf ESihf vIyfvIyfjzKwfjzKwf ½kyfemrfjzpfysuf 'ku© opöm tpkuav;yg wygwnf; csKyfaysmufí oGm;awmh\/ 'ku©opöm? ork',opömwdkY\ usef&pfaom v[mjyifuJhodkY csKyfaysmuf&m onf eda&m"opöm edAÁmefjzpfawmh\/ ork', opöm wPSmukdy,fowfaom wpfBudrfom jzpfaom r*fÓPfonf r*¾opömjzpfawmh\/ 'ku©opöm? ork',opömwdkY\ csKyfaysmufoGm; í &Si;f ueJNird ;f oufaom t&omukd awGU&jcif; onf (oEÅdokc) Nidrf;oufcsrf;omjzpfawmh\/ 'D w G i f 'k u © o pö m (qif ; &J u k d o d ) ork',opöm (qif;&JaMumif;ukdy,f) eda&m" opöm (qif;&JcsKyf&mukdqkduf) r*¾opöm (qif;&J csKyf a Mumif ; ud k y G m ;) od ? y,f ? qk d u f ? yG m ; av;yg;ud p ö tyd k i f a qmif x m;[l o wnf ; / zk d v f 0 if p m;&ef ]]a&SUuqkdcJhwJhtwdkif; vIyfvIyfjzKwf jzKwf t½IcH ½kyfemrfjzpfysufwdkY\ csKyfaysmufrI ukd (3-4) Budrfavmuf xyfíawGUaejyefvQif w&m;xl;[kwf r[kwf r*frod zkdvfESihfn§d qkdwJh twkdif; "d|mefí zdkvfyg0ifpm;Munhf&rnfjzpf onf/ 'gaMumihf wpfukd,fvkH;ukdNcKHí ½IMunhf aeyg/

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vIyfvIyfjzKwfjzKwf ½kyfemrfjzpfysuf uav;awG u d k jrif v maomtcg 'D ½ k y f e mrf jzpfysufuav;awGonf &yfem;ygap [k (3) Burd f "d|mefí NcKí H omMunhaf eyg/ wpfu, dk v f ;Hk u vIyf&GjzpfysufawGonf wjznf;jznf;ESihf avsmhavsmhoGm;NyD; vkH;0tukef csKyfaysmufoGm; í NidrfNyD;&Sif;aeaom csKyfaysmuf&mudk ÓPfrSm jrifvm&vdrfhrnf/ NidrfNyD;&Sif;aewJht&omukd vnf; wpfygwnf; awGUvm&vdrfhrnf/ 'Dtcg NidrfNyD;&Sif;aewJh csKyfaysmuf&mukd qufvufNyD; odw,f odw,f odaevkdufygOD;/ cE¨mukd,f wpfckvkH;u vIyf&GjzpfysufawG wpfckrusef tukefcsKyfaysmufoGm;rSom odw,f&yfNyD;vQif csKyfaysmuf&mudk tm½kHjyKaeygav/ tm½kHjyK Ekid o f avmuf Nird o f ufcsr;f om oEÅo d ck ukv d nf; awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ r*fuswt hJ cku d Ef iS fh zdv k 0f ifpm;ykt H xl; uawmh r*fusvkdufonfESihf wpfukd,fvkH;u vIy&f jG zpfysuaf wGonf wpfNyKd ief uf csKyaf ysmuf íoGm;Mu\/ zkdvf0ifpm;&ef ½IwJhtcg vIyf&G jzpfysufwdkYonf jznf;jznf;csif;om csKyfaysmuf Muavukefawmh\/ zk d v f 0 if p m;t"d y Ü g ,f qkdcJhwJhtwdkif; "d|mefí &vmygvQif 'DcsKyfaysmufrIonf w&m;xl;jzpfonf[k ,lq ygonf/ "d|mefjyKí csKyfNidrf;rI&atmifom avh u sih f & rnf j zpf y gonf / t"d | mef j yKí tm;xkwfwdkif; csKyfNidrf;rI&vmvQif 0oDabmf Ekdifonf[k qkdygonf/ 'D c sKyf a ysmuf & muk d tm½k H j yKEk d i f o avmuf Nidrfoufcsrf;omukdawmh awGUae&yg \/ odaYk omfvnf; tjyifutoHwu dk v f Qiaf wmh Mum;odíae&ygao;\/ oGm;íawmh ruyfyg/ Mum;umrQ jzpfyg\/ rdrd\cE¨mukd,fudkvnf; odumrQawmh jzpfyg\/ rpifMu,faom zkdvf 0ifpm;rI[k xifyg\/ bmaMumihef nf;/ 0dyóem ½IcJhpOfwkef;u pdwfjzpfwkdif;ygaom {u*¾wm? cPduorm"djzihf ½IcJhaomaMumifh pifMu,f aomzkdvfukd r0ifpm;Ekdifjcif;jzpfonf[k xifyg onf/ odkYaomfvnf; 'DrpifMu,faomzkdvfukd 0ifpm;ygrsm;&if;u wpfcgwpf&HrQom pifMu,f aomzkdvfodkY a&mufwwfygonf/ pifMu,f aomzkdvfum; tjcm;aompdwfr0ifbJ zkdvfpdwf awG c snf h wpf q uf w nf ; jzpf j cif ; jzpf o nf / vIyfvIyf½kyfemrfjzpfysufuav;awGonf ezl; upícsKyfvQif csKyfwJhae&mudkyJ qufíNcKH Munhfaeyg/ &ifbwfupícsKyfvQif &ifbwf ukdyJ qufíNcKHMunhfaeyg/ pmrsuf E S m 33 ok d Y

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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

omoemhusufoa&aqmifyk*¾Kdvfrsm; armif o d e f ; pk d ; (ausmuf y ef ; awmif ; ) vnf; y&d,wåpd mayusr;f *efrsm;tjzpf rSww f rf; wif&pfNyD; &[ef;oHCmrsm;u raysmufysuf atmif q&mwynhfpOfquf o,faqmifcJhay onf/ ,if;odkY y&d,wåd"r®tay: tajccHcJh ojzihf y&d,wåd"r®aysmufcJhaomf jrefrmwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI? bmompum;pmay? "avhxkH;wrf; rsm;vnf; aysmufuG,fEkdifygonf/ xkdtcsufukd tajrmftjrifBu;D rm;onhf Ekid if aH wmftBu;D tuJ rsm;ESihf omoemhOaoQmifq&mawmfBuD;rsm; od&SdcJhojzihf tpkd;&"r®p&d,pmar;yGJESifh yxr jyefpmar;yGrJ sm;? acwftqufqufusi;f yjyKvyk f í bG J U wH q d y f a wmf E S i h f e0ur® 0 w¦ K aiG r sm; qufuyfvSL'gef;í omoemukd csD;ajr§mufcJhMu ygonf/ wdyd#u"& a&G;cs,fa&; pmar;yGJBuD; rsm;ESifh edum,fpmar;yGrJ sm;? vly*k K¾ v d rf sm;twGuf tbd"r®m? tbd"r®m*kPx f ;l aqmifEiS fh 0do'k rd¨ *f pmar;yGrJ sm;? uav;rsm;twGuf r*Fvmpmar;yJG paom Ak'¨bmomqkdif&m ,Ofaus;rIpmar;yGJ rm&fewfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; jrwfBu;D tm; omoemhusuo f a&aqmifrsm; [k rsm;ukd usif;yay;vsuf&Sdygonf/ tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;onfh yk*¾Kdvfrsm;? y&dedAÁmefjyK&ef tBudrfBudrfavQmufxm;cJh\/ ac:qkx d u dk af om &[ef;? &[ef;rde;f r? Oygoum? wpfcsed w f iG f jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio f nf rm&fewftm; Oygodumrsm; xdef;odrf;umuG,fapmihfa&Smuf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u apwd,*FP? ousoD[? ]][,f - rm&f e wf . . omoemh cJhonfrSm (6)Budrfwdkifwdkif oH*g,emwifí 0de,m"du? omraPausm?f okormpm&? r[m d tp&So d nhf y&d,wåq d idk &f mpmar;yGJ usuf o a&aqmif ? omoemh 0 ef a qmif r sm; yd#uwfokH;oG,f? edum,fig;&yfjzihf ckdifrmpGm tmbd"r®u jzpfaom ig\wynhfom;&[ef;? &[ef;rdef;r? ]]ax&0g' Ak'¨omoem}} txift&Sm; wnf&Sd rsm;ukd usif;yay;vsuf&Sdygonf/ tqkdyg pmar;yGJrsm;teuf &[ef; Oygoum? Oygodumav;OD;wdo Yk nf igbk&m;&Sif aejcif;onf om"uyifjzpfygonf/ a[mMum;aomw&m;rsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHonf bk&m;&Sif a[mMum; oHCm? oDv&Sif? vlyk*¾Kdvf(3)rsKd;vkH; yg0ifajzqkd em;vnfusihfokH;í wpfyg;aomolwdkYtm;vnf; awmfrlcJhonhf ppfrSefaom y&d,wådpmayrsm; cG i h f & S d o nh f pmjyef y G J w pf c k j zpf a om ql ; av tusKd;oihftaMumif;oihf w&m;ojzihf a[m tckdiftrm&SdNyD;jzpfouJhodkY ,if;pmay y&d,wåd tbd"r®mjyefYyGm;a&;toif;BuD;\ (43) Budrf Mum;ajz&Sif;í ray;EkdiforQ igbk&m; y&dedAÁmef "r®rsm;tm; ydkYcsol? oif,lol? axmufyHhulnDol ajrmuf tbd " r® m pmatmif q k E S i f ; obif jyKawmfrrlao;}} [k rdefYawmfrlcJhygonf/ rsm; pOfqufrjywfwnf&adS ecJo h vdk wnf&adS eqJ tcrf;tem;BuD;ukd (28.11.2010) &ufaeY r[my&dedAÁmeokwfwGifvnf; rm&f vnf; jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfívnf; rnfrQyif wGif tbd"r®m "r®AdrmefawmfBuD;ü usif;ycJh&m ewfu jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; y&dedAÁmefjyK&ef t"r®0g'Drsm; ay:xGufapumrl omoemawmf bGJUwHqdyfqufuyfylaZmfcH&onhf &[ef;oHCm? oDv&SifESihf vlyk*¾Kdvfrsm; pm&if;ukd atmufyg avQmufxm;csed w f iG f ]]rm&fewf? oifrpk;d &drv f if?h wnfwHhaernfomjzpfygonf/ tcktcg igbk&m;\wynfhom; &[ef;? &[ef; wdkif;jynfwpfjynf (odkY) vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; twkdif; MunfnKdzG,fod&SdcJh&ygonf/ rdef;r? Oygoum? OygoumwdkYonf igbk&m; \ ,Ofaus;rI? bmompum;? "avhxkH;wrf; (1) bGJUwHqdyf& oHCmawmf (4)yg;? a[mMum;aom w&m;rsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifvnf; rsm;ukd avhvmMunhfrnfqkdvQif oufqkdif&m (2) bGJUwHqdyf& oDv&Sif (36)yg;? usio fh ;Hk Ekid í f wpfyg;aomolwt Ykd m;vnf; w&m; bmomw&m;rsm;u ,if;wdkif;jynfESihf vlrsKd;udk (3) bGJUwHqdyf& vlyk*¾Kdvf (46)OD;? ojzihf a[mMum;EkdifayNyD? 'gaMumifh aemuf vTrf;NcKHxdef;odrf;xm;onfukd awGUEkdifygonf/ (4) usrf;tvkduf pmatmifoHCm (115)yg;?

(3) v MumvQif ig y&dedAÁmefjyKawmhrnf}} [k jrefrmwd\ Yk ,Ofaus;rI? bmompum;? (5) usrf;tvkduf pmatmifoDv&Sif (204)yg;? rdefYawmfrlcJhaMumif; Mum;em&zl;ygonf/ pmay? "avhxkH;wrf;rsm;onf Ak'¨a[mMum; (6) usrf;tvkdufpmatmif vlyk*¾Kdvf (346) OD; txufyg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif rdefYMum; awmfrlcJhaom "r®rsm;rS tajccHum qif;ouf wdkY jzpfygonf/ þpmjyefyGJBuD;onf tbd"r®musrf; csufrsm;twkdif;yif jrwfAk'¨\ omoemawmf vmcJhonf[k qkd&ayrnf/ ,if;"r®rsm;onf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ &if; (7)usrf;tm; wdyd#u pmar;yGJBuD;\ pnf;rsOf;rsm;ukd pHerlemxm;í ]]tm*r + obm0) ESpfrsKd;pvkH; ajzMum;&jcif;jzpf&m omoemawmf t &S n f w nf w h H a pa&;twG u f omoemhtmZmenfrsm; ay:xGuv f m&ef rsm;pGm aom taxmuftuljzpfapEkdifygonf/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&taejzihf y&d,wåd tygt0if omoemawmfo;Hk &yf t&Snw f nfwHh ckdifNrJapa&;twGuf BuKd;yrf;aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sd&mwGif omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;ESihf oufqkdif onfh omoemawmftm; axmufyHhulnDonhf &[ef;yk*¾Kdvf? vlyk*¾KdvfwdkYtm; omoemawmf qkdif&m bGJUwHqdyfawmf qufuyfcsD;jr§ihfjcif; vkyfief;vnf; tygt0ifjzpfygonf/ EkdifiHawmfrS csD;jr§ihfqufuyfcJhaom bG J U wH q d y f a wmf r sm;tm; atmuf y gtwk d i f ; avhvmrSwfom; od&Sd&ygonf/ 1991 ckESpftxd qufuyfcJhaom bGJUwHqdyfawmfwdkYrSm1/ tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k (tjrihfqkH; bGJUwHqdyf awmf) (u) r[m&|*k½k (EkdifiHawmf\q&mjzpfonhf q&mawmfBuD;) (c) tbd"Z (vGefuJxl;jrwf wHcGeftvHozG,f jzpfawmfrlaom) 2/ t*¾ r [my@d w (u) t*¾ (BuD;jrwfaom) (c) r[my@dw (Ak'¨omoemawmfqkdif&m od j rif w wf a jrmuf u Rrf ; usif a om q&m jzpfonhf q&mawmf) 3/ wd y d # u"& "r® b @m*g&d u (u) wdyd#u"& (yd#uokH;ykHaqmif) (c) "r®b@m*g&du (w&m;b@mpkd;) 1991 ckESpf? atmufwkdbmvwGif Ekid if aH wmftpk;d &rS trdet Yf rSwf 42^1991 jzihf omoemawmfqkdif&m bGJUwHqdyfawmf (20) ukd xyfro H wfrw S jf y|mef;cJ&h m ¤if;wdrYk mS atmufyg twkdif;jzpfaMumif; avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/ (1) tbd " Z t*¾ r [mo'¨ r ® a Zmwd u rSefuefaomt,l0g' xGef;vif;awmufyapol [k t"dygÜ ,faqmifonhf omoemjyK tqihjf rihf bGUJ / (2) t*¾ r [mo'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z rSeu f efaomt,l0g' xGe;f vif;awmufyatmif aqmif & G u f o nh f wH c G e f o zG , f yk * ¾ K d v f [ k t"d y Ü g ,f &aom omoemjyKqk d i f & m yxrqihb f UJG / (3) r[mo'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z rSeu f efaomt,l0g' xGe;f vif;awmufyatmif

aqmif&Gufonhf wHcGefozG,fyk*¾Kdvf[k t"dyÜg,f &aom 'kwd,qihfbGJU/ (4) o'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z rSeu f efaomt,l0g' xGe;f vif;awmufyatmif aqmif&Gufonhf wHcGefozG,fyk*¾Kdvf[k t"dyÜg,f &aom wwd,qihfbGJU/ (5) t*¾ r [m ur® X memp&d , ur®|mef;enf;jy yxrqihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (6) r[m ur® X memp&d , ur®|mef;enf;jy 'kwd,qihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (7) ur® X memp&d , ur®|mef;enf;jy wwd,qihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (8) t*¾ r [m *E¦ 0 gpu y@d w pmcsq&mawmf yxrqihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (9) r[m *E¦ 0 gpu y@d w pmcsq&mawmf 'kwd,qihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (10) *E¦ 0 gpu y@d w pmcsq&mawmf wwd,qihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (11) r[m "r® u xd u A[k Z e[d w "& w&m;a[mq&m yxrtqihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (12) "r® u xd u A[k Z e[d w "& w&m;a[mq&m 'kwd,tqihfbGJUwHqdyfawmf/ (13) t*¾ r [moD & d o k " r® rPd a Zmw"& oefY&Sif;aomt,l0g'\aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; ap&ef aqmif&Gufjznhfqnf;ay;onhf trsKd; aumif;om;wdt Yk wGuf omoemhE*k [ ¾ tqihjf rihf bGUJ wHqyd af wmf/ (14) oD & d o k " r® r Pd a Zmw"& oefY&Sif;aom t,l0g'\ aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; ap&ef aqmif&Gufjznhfqnf;ay;onhf trsKd; aumif ; om;wd k Y t wG u f omoemh E k * ¾ [ bG J U yxrqihb f UJG wHqyd af wmf/ (15) oD [ ok " r® r Pd a Zmw"& oefY&Sif;aomt,l0g'\aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; ap&ef aqmif&Gufjznhfqnf;ay;onhf trsKd; aumif ; om;wd k Y t wG u f omoemh E k * ¾ [ bG J U 'kw, d qihb f UJG wHqyd af wmf/ (16) ok " r® r Pd a Zmw"& oefY&Sif;aomt,l0g'\aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; ap&ef aqmif&Gufjznhfqnf;ay;onhf trsKd; aumif ; om;wd k Y t wG u f omoemh E k * ¾ [ bG J U wwd,qihb f UJG wHqyd af wmf/ (17) t*¾ r [moD & d o k " r® o d * Ð oefY&Sif;aomt,l0g'\aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; ap&ef aqmif&Gufjznhfqnf;ay;onhf trsKd; aumif;orD;wdt Yk wGuf omoemhE*k [ ¾ tqihjf rihf bGUJ wHqyd af wmf/ (18) oD & d o k " r® o d * Ð oefY&Sif;aomt,l0g'\aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef;

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ap&ef aqmif&Gufjznhfqnf;ay;onhf trsKd; aumif;orD;wdt Yk wGuf omoemhE*k [ ¾ yxrqihf bGUJ wHqyd af wmf/ (19) oD [ ok " r® o d * Ð oefY&Sif;aomt,l0g'\ aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; &ef aqmif&u G jf znhq f nf;ay;onhf trsK;d aumif; orD;wdkYtwGuf omoemhEk*¾[ 'kwd,qihf bGUJ wHqyd af wmf/ (20) ok " r® o d * Ð oefY&Sif;aom t,l0g'\ aumif;usKd;jzpfxGef; &ef aqmif&u G jf znhq f nf;ay;onhf trsK;d aumif; orD;wdkYtwGuf omoemhEk*¾[ wwd,qihf bGUJ wHqyd af wmf/ jrwfA'k ¨ y&deAd mÁ efp0H ifawmfrNl y;D aemuf omoemawmfBuD; t&SnfwnfwHhckdifNrJatmif acwftqufqufrSm t&Sifr[muóy tp jzmonh f omoemawmf t m; apmih f a &S m uf xdef;odrf;cJhMuonhf rax&fBuD;rsm;ESihf rif;ESihf jynfoltqufqufwdkYonf ]]ax&0g' Ak'¨ omoem}} [l í t"G e f Y & S n f wnf w H h a p&ef rsufarSmufumvxd apmihfa&SmufEkdifcJhouJhodkY aemifuv kd nf; qufvufxed ;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf oGm;Mu&rnfomjzpfygonf/ odkYrSmom ]]Ak'¨omoeH pd&Hwd|wk}} [l o nf E S i h f t nD omoemawmf t&S n f wnfwhHí jrwfAk'¨rdefYMum;csuftwdkif; jrwfAk'¨ ,kHMunfonhf omoemh0efaqmif omoemh usufoa&aqmifyk*¾Kdvfrsm; yDornfjzpfay onf/ armif o d e f ; pk d ; (ausmuf y ef ; awmif ; ) pmrsuf E S m 31 rS zkv d 0f ifpm;&efNcKí H ½IaewJt h cg vIy&f G jzpfysufawGu tm;aumif;NyD; rcsKyfEkdifbJ jzpf a evQif touf ½ S L rI u k d jznf ; jznf ; csif ; avQmhavQmhay;&jcif;? wpfukd,fvkH;\½IuGif; wGif;rSm csKyfwJhae&mukd&Smí xkdcsKyfwJhae&mukd yJ ½Iaeyg/ wjznf;jznf;ESihf csKyf&m[m us,f vmNy;D wpfu, dk v f ;Hk csKyí f 0ifpm;Ekid yf gvdrrhf nf/ 0ifpm;rIukd (10) &ufavmuf jywfoGm;cJhvQif 0ifpm;csifwJhtcg awmfawmfESihf r0ifpm;EkdifbJ jzpfoGm;wwfonf/ (4ç5) &ufavmuf jyefí avhusihfyg/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

ay;vmwJh a0,sm0pöukodkvf olrsm;awG ,loGm;rSmaygY[Jh cifoZl mjrihf

jzL;NrKdU? "r®dum½Hkq&mawmf OD;Owår Ak'd¨onf udk&ifa&0wESihf udk&ifOwå&wdkYtm; qGrf;pm;NyD; wdkif; qGrf;-qGrf;[if;usefrsm;ukd ausmif;&Sd acG;rsm;tm; auR;arG;a&; wm0ef ay;xm;onf/ odt Yk wGuf xku d &dk ifEpS yf g;onf &[ef; udk&if ausmif;om;rsm; pm;NyD;onhfaemuf qGrf; usef[if;usefwdkYudk pkodrf;í ausmif;&SdacG;rsm; tm; aeYpOfauR;arG;&onf/ xdo k Ykd vky&f onfudk udk&ifa&0wu rnnf;nLaomfvnf; udk&if Owå&u nnf;nLonf/ xdt k vkyu f kd tvSnu fh s cdik ;f oiho f nf/ odrYk [kwf ausmif;om;rsm;udo k m cdkif;oihfonf[k rauseyfcsufudk tcsif;csif; ajymjyonf/ ud k & if O wå & onf rd b rJ h j zpf o nf / ta':u arG;pm;NyD;ausmif;odkY ydkYxm;jcif;cH&ol jzpfonf/ udk&ifOwå&u ,if;rauseyfcsufudk ajymygrsm;aomf q&mawmfem;odkYaygufoGm; avonf/ xdktcg q&mawmfu bk&m;&Sdcdk;NyD; Mo0g'ay;csdefwGif tjcm;Mo0g'rsm;udkay;NyD; aemufqkH;wGif ]]udk&if Owå&u acG;rsm; tpmauR; wJh a0,sm0pöudk rvkyfvdkbl;xifw,f? tvSnhf us cdkif;oihfw,f? ausmif;om;awGudk cdkif;oihf

w,fvdkY ajymqdkaew,fvdkY Mum;ae&yguvm;}} [kar;onf/ ud k & if O wå & u jyef r avQmuf & J í OD ; acgif ; iH k Y u m Nid r f a eonf / q&mawmf u qufvufí]]udk&ifOwå&rSm rdbrJhuav;jzpfvdkY aemifb0rSm 'Dvdkpm;&rJh aomuf&rJh rdbrJh ra&muf&atmifvYkd igu ud&k ifukd ukov kd f yg&rD qufay;aewm/ 'getusKd;xJrSm wd&pämefudk vSL&wJh 'getusK;d [m b0wpf&mawmif tusK;d ay;owJh/ udk&ifrSm twdwfb0u 'ge enf;vdkY tukodkvfawG&SdcJhvdkY 'Db0rSm rdbrJh pm;&r,fh aomuf & r,f h j zpf N yD ; ud k & if h t a':awG u ausmif;vmydkYw,f? q&mawmfu udk&ifudk ukodkvfyg&rDjzpfapcsifvdkY 'Dtvkyfudk cdkif;ay; wm/ udk&ifb0 'Dxuf epfoxuf epfcsif&if awmh 'DacG;auR;wJh a0,sm0pöudk rvkyfygeJY}} [k rdefYMum;aomtcg udk&if Owå&onf rdrdb0ESihf q&mawmf\ apwemarwåmudk oabmaygufNy;D .. ]wynhfawmf qufauR;ygr,fbk&m;? wynhfawmf oabmaygufygNyD tjcm;olrsm;ukd rcdkif;ygawmheJY bk&m;? 'Dukodkvfukdwynhfawmf yJ ,lygr,fb&k m;} [k uref;uwrf;avQmufxm; av&m OD;yÍÆif; udk&if ausmif;om;wdkYrSm udk&if Owå&udk MunhfNyD; NyHK;pd NyHK;pd jzpfukefMuonf/

]]bef ; avmif q &mawmf u uyd Ü , armifndKbudk ajymwJh ]'Da0,sm0pö ukodkvf tvkyf rif;rvkyfawmh 'DukokdvfolwumawG &oGm;rSmaygY[Jh} vdkY rdefYMum;ovdk rdefYMum;&rnfh udef;qdkuf aeNyD} [k rdefYMum;onf/ ]taMumif;tus,fuav; odyg&ap bk&m;} [k &[ef;wpfyg;u avQmufxm;&m]at; a&S;u ppfawmif;jrpfurf;ab; bef;avmifqdkwJh &GmBuD;rSm q&mawmf OD;ycef; qdkwm ausmif;xdkifouGJU? q&mawmf&JU w&m; ta[maumif; tajymaumif;rIaMumihf Oykof aeY oD v ay;w&m;yG J r S m ywf 0 ef ; usif & G m u vlawGu vSnf;awGESihf vma&mufNyD; Oykof apmihfMu? w&m;emMuowJh/ vSnf;awG? EGm;awG ud k ausmif ; xJ r S m yJ cRwf e m;? tpmauR; xm;awmh EGm;awGu rdrdwdkY vSnf;rsm;em;rSmyJ aeNyD; tpmpm;Mu? rpifpGefYMuwmaygY? nae w&m;emNyD; tdrfjyefMuawmh ausmif ; xJ r S m EG m ;acs;awG aumuf ½ d k ; awG ? trdIufawG trsm;BuD;usef&pfcJhwmaygYuG,f/ tJ'gudk ausmif;uyd, Ü Bu;D OD;ndKbu tNro J rd ;f qnf;NyD; oefY&Sif;a&; jyKvkyf&owJh/ yxr wpfywfESpfywfawmh rnnf;rnLvkyfowJh/ OykofaeYwdkif;vkyf&awmh rvkyfcsifawmhbJjzpf NyD; q&mawmf ycef;xH0ifNyD;]q&mawmf q&mawmf O yk o f o nf rsm;&JU EGm;acs;awG? trdIufawGudk olwdkYbmom olwdkY odrf;qnf; oefY&Sif;a&; a0,sm0pöjyKvkyf NyD; jyefMuygapbk&m;} vdkY avQmufowJh/ tJ'DtcgrSm ycef;q&mawmfu [Jh uydÜ,ndKb eihfaemifb0csrf;ompGmae&zdkY eihfudk yknBwd,0w¬Kq,fyg;xJu a0,sm0pö ukodkvfudk jyKvkyfcdkif;aewm/ eif'Da0,sm0pö ukov dk rf vkyv f Ykd olwv Ykd yk o f mG ;&if tJ'aD 0,sm0pö ukodkvf? oDvukokdvf? "r®o0eukokdvftvkH;pkH ukd olwdkY,loGm;MurSm/ olwdkYu eifhudk ukokdvf vmay;aewm eifuay;wJh ukov dk f r,lwwf&if aemufb0 ,ckvdk ausmif;uydÜ,awmif rjzpf EkdifawmhbJ ausmif;acG;yJjzpfawmhrSmaygY[Jh] vdkY rdefYMum;owJhuG,f/ ,ckvnf; udk&ifOwå& q&mawmf a y;wJ h a0,sm0pö u k o d k v f u d k r,lwwf&if tjcm;udk&if ausmif;om;awG &oGm;NyD; b0wpf&m csrf;omokccHpm;&NyD; uk d & if r S m awmh rG J o xuf r G J ? qif ; &J o xuf qif;&JawmhrSmaygYuG,f}[k rdefYMum;&m OD;yÍÆif; ud&k if ausmif;om;rsm;rSm ud&k ifOwå&udk MunhNf y;D xyfrH&,farmMuavawmhonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

35

atmifMuygapownf; wuú o k d v f v S a rmif ( a&wm&S n f )

wkdufyGJawGudk EkdifatmifwkdufEkdifrS &efoal wGudk tjywfacsreI ;f Ekid rf S atmifEidk o f al wG jzpfvmMurSmqkad wmh tm;vk;H aZ,swek YJ aiGc½keYJ atmifMuygapownf;vkdYyJ qkawmif;vkduf& ygw,f/ avmb&efol? a'go&efol? arm[ &efoal wGudk tEkid w f u kd Ef idk Mf uNyq D &dk ifawmh tJ'D yk*K¾ v d af wG[m atmifjrifot l ppfy/J atmifjrifrI qkdwm csufcsif;BuD; rkd;ay:uusvmwmr[kwf ygbl;/ BuK;d pm;&w,f/ £'dy¨ g'fa'oemawmft& vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&GufwJhtcg jyif;jywJh qE´ v nf ; wu,f & S d & r,f / pd w f " gwf v nf ; wu,f c d k i f r m&r,f / BuKd ; pm;rI v nf ; &S d & r,f/ tajrmftjrifÓPfynmvnf; &Sdr,f qk d y gvQif xk d v k y f i ef ; onf atmif j rif r nf omjzpfygonf/ t"dywdwyfí aqmif&Guf &aom t"d y wd ( 4)yg;[l í vnf ; ac: onf / qE´ m "d y wd ? pd w å m "d y wd ? 0D & d , m "d y wd ? 0D r H o m"d y wd / csufcsif;BuD; atmifjrifcsifvkdYvnf; r&yg/ tcsdefapmifh&ygonf/ jrwfbk&m;onf oAÁnKwÓPfawmfukd&zkdY av;oacsFESihf urÇm wpfodef; apmihfcJh&onf/ tcsdeftcgoihf yg&rD awG&ifrh S yGiafh y:awmfr&l onf/ To know how to wait is the secret of success wJ h / tcGihftcgukd rnfodkYapmihf&rnfukd odjcif; onf atmif j rif r I \ vsKd U 0S u f c suf j zpf y g owJ h / ]]uRefawmf edAÁmefukdjzwfvrf;enf; &Smaeygw,f OD;av;}} vdkY wlwpfa,mufajym awmh ]]edAmÁ efa&mufzYdk jzwfvrf;&,fvYkd r&Syd gbl;

uGm? at; tcsdeftcgoihfvkdY tcGihfa&mufvm &ifawmh tvG,fwul t&d,me,ful;oGm;Ekdif ygw,f}} qkdNyD;&Sif;jy&w,f/ bk&m;vufxufu 0dyÍöw d nLyk*K¾ v d w f Ykd O*¢g#dwnLyk*K¾ v d w f Ykd wpfy'k f wpf*gxmrQ em&½kHeJY w&m;xl;awG &oGm;wwf w,f/ tJ'Dvkd yg&rDrsKd;a&mufvmatmif tcsdef umv b0awG b,f a vmuf M umatmif avQmufvSrf;cJh&ovJ/ &mZN*Kd[fjynfu umVD qkw d hJ trsK;d orD;wpfa,muf[m aumif;uifay: u ewfbDvl;ESpfOD; aqG;aEG;oGm;wJh "r®pMum w&m; wpfpGef;wpfp emMum;vkduf&½kHeJY atmuf rSm aomwmyefjzpfaeNyD/ tJ'Dawmh tcsdeftcg qkdwm vkdygw,f/ tcsdeftcgra&mufao;bJ jzpfcsifaeMu&if oów'd|dwJh/ 'DaeY w&m; &dyfomrSm a,m*DtcsKdUvnf; w&m;jrefjref &csif w J h a&m*gawG & S d a ewwf y gw,f / &moD c sd e f c g oif h a &muf r S toD ; tyG i h f w d k Y [mvnf; a0a0qmqm yGihfaygufvmMu&rSm/ avmurS m xajrmuf a tmif j rif r I rSeforQ rdrdukd,fukd tpkd;&rItay:üom tajc cH&pNrjJ zpfygonf/ rdru d , dk u f dk atmifEidk o f u l m; b,faomtcgrQ t½IH;ESihfBuKHp&mtaMumif; r&Sdawmh/ t"duu ukd,fhtaMumif;ukd,fodzkdY omygyJ/ atmifjrifojl zpfvmzkYd ta&;Bu;D qk;H u owdÓPfygyJ/ vlukd avmuu Ekdifw,f/ avmuud k a wmh w&m;uEk d i f w ,f / w&m; udkawmh owdÓPfu Ekdifw,f/ owdÓPf u avmueJY'ku©tay: MoZmtanmif;qkH; w&m;yJ / avmuuk d tEk d i f , l & ef t wG u f owd Ó Pf [ m taumif ; qk H ; vuf e uf y J / tod & J U touf q k d w m owd y J w J h / tod u k d xdef;odrf;xm;&rSmvJ owdyJ/ w&m;raocsif &if owdukd vufudkifxm;&rSmjzpfw,fwJh/ 'gaMumihf atmifjrifvdkolrSm owdÓPftNrJ &Sdae&r,f/ atmifjrifvkdol[m olrsm;udk oGm; rNyKdifygbl;/ ukd,feJYudk,fyJ NyKdifygw,f/ ukd,fhqD rSm&SdaewJh udavom&efolawGeJYyJ NyKdifygw,f/ avmb? a'go? arm[? rmewdkYeJYyJ NyKdifw,f/ olwdkYeJYyJ NyKdifyGJ0ifw,f/ wjcm;vleJY NyKdifyGJr0if ygbl;/ NyKdifckdif;vkdYvnf; r&bl;/ rmeeJYNyKdifvkdY rmeukd EkdifaewJhol? rme&JUvSnfhpm;rIukd rcH& awmhwJholukd b,folu NyKdifyGJ0ifckdif;vkdY&rvJ/

remvk0d efwpdk w d rf &Sw d v hJ u l dk b,fou l vm<um; vkdY&rvJ/ wu,fawmh avmuNyKd i f y G J a wG & J U tEk d i f t ½I H ; qk d w m ES p f o if ; ES p f b uf v k H ; 'k u © a &muf & wmyg/ Ek d i f w J h v l r S m trk e f ; awGcH&r,f? trkef;awGyGm;r,f/ ½IH;wJholu emusnf ; rI a 0'emeJ Y 0rf ; enf ; yuf v uf pd w f ysuf v uf ysuf j zpf o G m ;r,f / jrwf b k & m; u Ekdifola&m ½IH;ola&m b,folrQpdwfrcsrf; ajrUMu&bl;wJh/ wynhfom0uawGukd okH;oyf qif j cif j yw,f / tEk d i f t ½I H ; uif ; wJ h b 0urS wu,f N id r f ; csrf ; apw,f w J h / NyKd i f y G J r &S d b l ; / tavmif;tpm;r&Sdbl;/ tEkdift½IH; r&Sdbl;/ csD;rGrf;rI uJh&JUrIu vGwfaewJholudk b,folu b,fvv dk rT ;f rk;d rvJ/ Ekdifwmvnf; raumif;bl;/ ½IH;wm vnf;raumif;bl;/ tJ'g bk&m;a[mxJrmS *gxm wpfyk'f&Sdw,f/ ]Z,a0&H yo0wd} EkdifwJholrSm &ef r sm;w,f w J h / ]'k u © H aowd y&mZd a wm} ½I H ; wh J o l [ m pd w f q if ; &J a e&w,f / ]Oy oaEÅ m ok c H aowd ? [d w G m Z, y&Z,H } pd w f x J r S m Nid r f ; csrf ; aewJ h o l u awmh tEk d i f t½I H ; ES p f c k v k H ; uk d p G e f Y N yD ; awmh csrf ; csrf ; omom ae&w,f w J h / Success is a ladder not an escalator wJh/ atmifjrifrIonf ½kd;½kd;avS um;

t&S i f j zpf o nf / "gwf a vS u m;r[k w f y gwJ h / atmifjrifcsif&if ½kd;½kd;avSum;vdk wpfxpfcsif; wpfqihfcsif;wufoGm;&rSmyg/ jrefjrefa&muf csiv f Ykd ckeaf usmw f ufcsiv f v Ykd J rjzpfb;l / tvG,f wulvrf; jzwfvrf;vnf; r[kwfygbl;/ ukd,f uk d , f w k d i f owd Ó Pf 0D & d , tm;pk d u f N yD ; vk y f & wJ h v k y f i ef ; BuD ; yg/ tmwmyD orÜ Zmaem owd r mwJ h / BuKd ; pm;r,f / ÓPf &S d r ,f / owd & S d r ,f / tNyKd i f t qk d i f & S d r S wk d ; wuf o nf / NyKdifbufonf vlukd wkd;wufaponfqkdonhf pum;tokH;tEIef;rsm;&Sdygonf/ NyKdifbufonf b,folvJ? wPSmudk NyKdif&r,f/ t"r®ukd NyKdif &r,f/ wPSmwdkY t"r®wdkYqkdwm tqkd;w&m; awGyg/ olwdkYukd [efYwm;aESmuf,Suf NcKHckd wkdufckduf&vdrfhr,f/ t"r®w&m;awGukd r[efY pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y

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"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

"kwifaqmif {w'*ft&Sif oQif a wZrmvm(e*g;ay:)

avmb? a'go? arm[ [laom w&m;ok H ; yg;jzih f jc,f v S , f a ejcif ; aMumif h quf E G , f í jzpf a y:vmaom ud a vom umr*kPw f &m;onf avmuowå0gtm;vk;H ukd pkd;rkd;xm;vsuf&Sd\/ ,if;udavomumr*kPf w&m;wdkYaMumihfomvQif oHo&ma&tvsOf aMumü epfarsmum qif;&J 'ku©aygif;pkHwdkYrS rxGufajrmufEkdifbJ jzpfaeMu&\/ udavom umr*kPw f &m;wdu Yk dk jzwfawmufEidk rf o S mvQif qif;&Juif;&m edAÁmefcsrf;omodkY a&mufEkdifMu ayvdrrhf nf/ udavomumr*kPfw&m;ukd jzwf awmufEidk zf q Ydk o dk nfrmS xku d ad vomumr*kPf tm; wkd;yGm;ap&ef zdtm;ay;í vIHUaqmfEId;qG aeaom avmb? a'go? arm[ wdu Yk dk wjznf; jznf; enf;yg;atmif usihfaqmifEkdif&ayrnf/ xkdavmb? a'go? arm[ enf;yg;onfhyk*¾Kdvf wd k Y r S o mvQif jzLpif a omtusih f u k d j zpf a p Ekdifrnhf oDvw&m;ESihf jynhfpkHEkdifayrnf/ oDvw&m;ESifh jynfph o Hk nhyf *k K¾ v d w f rYkd S omvQif udavomw&m;ukd zsufqD;aMumif; jzpfaom "kwifukd aqmufwnfí a&mihf&J vG,fjcif;? tvkdenf;jcif;tusihfukd jzpfapEkdif \/ "kwifaqmufwnfaomyk*¾Kdvftm; tvkd enf;jcif;? a&mifh&JvG,fjcif;? acgif;yg;atmif jyKjcif;? qdwfNidrf&müaejcif;? udavomukd zsuf q D ; jcif ; ? 0D & d , &S d j cif ; ? touf a rG ; jrL

vG,ful jcif; ponhf *kPfxl;ESihf jynhfpkHaom oDv pifMu,frIukd &&Sdayvdrfhrnf/ "k w if t "d y Ü g ,f "kwif[kqdk&mü jrefrmenf;tm;jzihf vG,fvifhwul ac:qkdMujcif;jzpf\/ trSeftm; jzihf ygVdbmomt& ]]"kw*F}} rnf\/ xkd"kw*F uk d o'´ g enf ; tm;jzih f yk ' f c G J o nf & S d a omf ]]"kw+ t*F}} jzpf\/ "kw= udavomwdkYukd cgwG u f j cif ; ? wpf e nf ; qk d a omf aumif ; pG m aqmuf w nf a omapwemjzih f cgwG u f j cif ; rnf\/ xkdudavomcgwGufaom apwem onf "k w if a qmif y k * ¾ K d v f \ taMumif ; t*F g jzpf í ]]"k w *F } } rnf \ / "k w if \ vu© P m ponf "kwif[lorQonf aumif;pGmaqmuf wnftyfaom apwemomvQif rSwfaMumif; vu© P m&S d \ / vQyf a y:avmf v nf a om avmvkyÜwPSmukd zsufqD;aMumif; ]&o} &Sd\/ "kwifonf avmfvnfjcif;r&Sdonf\tjzpfjzihf ÓPftm; a&SU½Ixif\/ ]ypöKy|mef} [kvnf; qkdvkd\/ tvkdenf;jcif;? csKd;NcHacRwmjcif;? oDv pifMu,fjcif; paom olawmfaumif;w&m;wdkY ESihf eD;pGmaomtaMumif;&Sdyg\ "k w if a qmuf w nf & mü jrwf A k ' ¨ oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdpOfu jrwfAk'¨txHawmfü yif aqmuf w nf M u\/ jrwf A k ' ¨ r &S d v Qif t*¾om0u? r[mom0u tp&Sdaom &[EÅm

BuD;rsm;xHwGif aqmufwnfMu\/ xkdom0u BuD;rsm;r&SdvQif tem*grf tp&Sdaom t&d,m yk*¾KdvfwdkYxHü aqmufwnfMu\/ ,if;yk*¾KdvfwdkY r&SdvQif yd#uwfpmaywwfajrmufuRrf;usif aom t&d,mEG,0f if olawmfpifwx Ykd üH aqmuf wnfMu&\/ aemufqkH; xkdyk*¾KdvfwdkYr&SdvQif rdrd av;pm;xk d u f a omyk * ¾ K d v f w d k Y x H ü aomf v nf ; aumif ; ? od k Y w nf ; r[k w f rnf o l w pf O D ; wpf a,mufrQ rodapbJ aqmufwnfjcif;aomf vnf;aumif; jyKtyfyg\/ rdrdoabmtwdkif; aqmuf w nf & mü rd r d " k w if a qmif x m;jcif ; uk d wpf O D ; wpf a ,muf u od & S d o G m ;onf &Sdaomf odumrwårQyif "kwifysuf\/ "kwif tjzpf tusK;H r0ifawmh/ roufa&mufawmhay/ tvkdenf;jcif;ukd ]]tyÜdpä}} [kac:\/ ypönf;av;yg;ü tvkdenf;jcif;onf ]]ypö , tyÜdpä}} rnf\/ A[kokw&Sdonfukd rodapvkd jcif;onf ]]y&d,wåd tyÜdpä}} rnf\/ t&d,m yk*¾Kdvfjzpfí rdrdr*fzdkvf&onfudk rodapvdkjcif; onf ]]t"d*r tyÜdpä}} rnf\/ "kwifaqmifí rdrdü "kwif&Sdonfukd rodapvdkjcif;onf ]]"kw*F tyÜdpä}} rnfyg\/ "kwifonf tjym;tm;jzihf (13)yg;&Sd\/ ,if;"kwif(13)yg;[lonf(1) yHokul"kwif= vrf;c&D;? okomef ocsKØif;? wHjrufacs;pk (trIdufykH) tp&Sdonhf ajray:wG i f usa&muf a eaom t0wf o nf vnf;aumif;?

(2) wd p d 0 &d w f " k w if = 'k u k # f ? ukd,f0wf? oif;ykdif okH;xnfaomouFef;onf vnf;aumif;/ (3) yd@ygwf"kwif= trsKd;av;yg; 'g,umwdt Yk rd o f Ydk csO;f uyfí qGr;f cHjcif;usi0fh wf onfvnf;aumif;?/ (4) oy'gepm&duf"kwif= tdrfpOf twd k i f ; rysuf q G r f ; vS n f h v nf c H , l j cif ; onf vnf;aumif;/ (5) {uoed u f " k w if = wpf a e&m wnf;ü qGrf;bkOf;ay;okH;aqmifjcif;onfvnf; aumif;/ (6) ywåykdPf"kwif= qGrf;[if;cGuf wdkYukd y,fí oydwfwpfvkH;jzihfom qGrf;cHí bkOf;ay;okH;aqmifjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

37

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

rif;usihfw&m; aZmfaemif (ok r *F v Zmwf ) Ä

vGefavNyD;cg jynfAm&m? jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'¨avmif;vsm xkdpOfü? rdzk&m;BuD; 0rf;Mumwkduf/

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aemifü rif;BuD;vGefwJhcg? zGm;ajrmufom;awmf t&G,af &mufvm/ tzt½kduft&m qufcHNyD;? jA[®'wfrif;BuD; jzpfavownf;/

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xkdrif;BuD;\O,smOfrSm? O,smOfrSL;ukd cefYxm;yg/ olYukdac:yg rnfemr?

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rif;BuD;pum; vufcHum? O,smOfawmfrSm aejzpfyg/ wpfaeYaomcg ]yapöu}? ac:,l ]okr*Fv}/

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ig<uOD;r,f wpfae&m?

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ESpf&ufokH;&uf MumNyD;cg? yapöu Ak'¨g jyef<uyg/ jyefa&mufvmonhf tjzpftm;? okr*Fv rodavwum;/

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odkYrodjim; jzpfaomtcg? ausmufjzmxufu yapöuAk'¨g/ txifrSm;um orifBuD;? þokdYrSwf,lavownf;/ orifBuD;tm; csdef&G,fum? jrm;eJYcsdef&G,f ypfvkduf&m/ wnhfwnhfrSefyg aoa&mvm;? yapöu Ak'¨g t&Siftm;/ a0'emMum;u xkdt&Sif? ]okr*Fv} ac:avvQif/ þwGifusrS okr*Fv? olrSm;rSef;od&/ olOD;csí tcgcg?

BudrfBudrfxyfxyf awmif;yefyg/ jrm;ukdEIwfum xkwf,lay;? aMumufvefYaZmjyefacR;/ cPav;yJ odyfrMum? jrm;qdyfrTefwJh yapöum/ a0'emukd olrSwf½I? y&dedAÁmefjyK/ onftrIukd rif;odvQif? olaozkdYomjrif/ okr*Fv &yfta0;? aMumufvefY olxGufajy;/

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tajy;tvTm; onfae&m? ewfwdkYa&muf&Sdvm/ bkef;rkd;apG&Gm wefckd;jy? wpfNrKdUvkH;odMu/

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aemufaeYa&mufu xkdO,smOf? NrKdUolNrKdUom;rsm; oGm;MunhfvQif/ edAÁmefpH0if yapöu? ½kyftavmif;udkom zl;jrif&/ bk&ifrif;jrwfukd avQmufwifMu/

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yapöu&JU tavmif;awmf? ckepf&ufywfvkH; ylaZmf/ tavmif;awmfukd ajrrSmcs? rD;oN*Kd[fjcif;jyKMu/

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"gwfawmf&u ,laumufcsD? apwDbk&m;wnf/ wkdif;oljynfom; vltrsm;? o'¨g MunfnKdyGm;/

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wpfESpfMumoGm;avaomtcg? okr*Fv vma&mufyg/ penf;em rif;w&m;? olYukd trsufajyNyDvm;/

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tBuHrsm;wJh O,smOfapmihfvQif? trwfwpfa,mufu wpfqihf0if/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

38

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/ bk&ifrif;jrwf ukd,fawmftm;? olYtaMumif;ukd avQmufapwum;/

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odkYavQmufxm;vnf; tokH;r0if? olYtaMumif;ukd rMum;csif/ bk&ifBuD;vQif cyfrqdwf? a&TEIwfawmfolydwf/

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BudwfvdkYBuHqJ O,smOfapmifhrSm? aemufESpfwpfacguf jyefa&mufvm/ a&S;tcguvkdygyJ? bmrQrajymif;vJ/

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ZGJaumif;vSwJh O,smOfapmihf[m? wwd,tBudrf vmjyefyg/ 'Dwpfcg rif;BuD;u? olYukd 0ifaptrdefYcs/

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okr*Fv tapmihfvQif? bk&ifha&SUarSmuf cpm;0if/ rif;bk&if olYukdar;? bmaMumihf yapöuowfxGufajy;/

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bk&ifhtar;ukd olajz&m? yapöuukd olrowfyg/ jzpfysuaf Mumif;vsm avQmufwif&iS ;f ? xkdtcgrS tjypfvTwfuif;? olYukd rlvt&m jyeftyfESif;/

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trwfrif;u tHhMoyg?

ESpfBudrfESpfcg olavQmuf&m/ bmwpfckrS tajzray;? tckusawmh jyefaMuat;/

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okdYjzihf avQmufxm; ar;Munhf&m bk&ifrif;jrwf ajzMum;&m/ ]rif;} qkdonfrSm a'gojzihf? taqmwvsif rjyKoihf? awG;awmcsdefq vkyfaqmifusihf/

tcgwpfyg; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif a0VK0ef ausmif;awmfü oDwif;ok;H awmfral epOf ]&maZm 0g'okw}f ukd taMumif;jyKí a[mjyawmfrjl cif; jzpfygonf/ xkdtcgor,ü aumovrif;BuD; u awmif;yefjcif;aMumifh ,ck twdwfZmwf 0w¦Kukd a[majymjcif;jzpfygonf/ twd w f Z mwf 0 w¦ K a&S ; tcgu Am&mPoD j ynf w G i f

jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyK\/ xkdpOf Ak'¨avmif;vsm onf jA[®'wfrif;BuD;\ rdzk&m;0rf;awmfü oaE¨wnf\/ zGm;ajrmufoefYpifNyD; t&G,f a&mufcsdefü jA[®'wfrif;BuD; uG,fvGefvQif ¤if;onf bcrnf;awmft&mudk qufcHav onf/ rif;tjzpfukd qufcHaom rif;BuD;onf ol\O,smOfawmfü O,smOfawmf apmihw f pfO;D ukd cefYxm;\/ olYtrnfrSm okr*Fv [kac:\/ wpfaeYaomtcg yapöuAk'¨gwpfyg; onf qGrf;cH<u\/ ¤if;ukd rif;BuD;jrifvQif o'¨g MunfnKdpdwf&Sdonfjzpfí rif;tdrfodkY qGrf;pm; zdwf\/ rif;BuD;onf xkdyapöuAk'¨gukd MunfnKd onfjzpf&um; ¤if;\O,smOfawmfü oDwif;okH; aexkdifyg&ef awmif;yefavQmufxm;&m yapöu Ak'¨gu vufcHawmfrl\/ wpfcgaomf xkdyapöuonf O,smOf awmfapmihf okr*Fvukd ac:íajym\/ ]ig teD; tem;&Gmrsm;odYk qGr;f cHxu G Of ;D rnf? odyMf umrnf r[kwf? (2)&uf (3)&ufavmufyifjzpf\? xkd taMumif;udk rif;BuD;tm; avQmufxm;av} [k qkdum rif;O,smOfrS xGufcGmoGm;avonf/ xk d r S (2)&uf (3)&uf cef Y & S d v Qif xkdyapöuonf naeapmif;tcsdefü rif;O,smOf okdY jyefvnf<ucsDvmcJhonf/ O,smOfwGif;&Sd wpfckaomausmufjzmxufü xkdifíaeawmf rlonf/ xkdpOf okr*Fvonf yapöuAk'¨g t&Sif rif;O,smOfoYkd jyefvnfa&muf&adS erSe;f rodao;/ ¤if ; \td r f ü {nh f o nf r sm;a&muf & S d a eaom aMumifh xkd{nhfonfrsm;ukd {nhfcHauR;arG;&ef O,smOfwGif;ü awmvnfxGuf\/ naeapmif; arSmif&DysKd;ptcsdefjzpfí tvif;"gwf tm;enf; ,kwfavsmhaecsdefjzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf ausmufjzm xuf ü xk d i f a eaom yapö u Ak ' ¨ g t&S i f t m; orifBuD;wpfaumif[k xifrSwfrSm;onfjzpf& um; ¤if;vufwGif;&Sd av;jzihf cGif;vkdufav onf/ yapöu ukd,fawmf\ukd,fü jrm;onf wnhw f nhrf wfrwfomG ;í pku d af vonf/ yapöu t&Sifonf jyif;xefaomjrm;'Pfukd cH&\/ xkdpOf okr*Fvonf om;aumifukd aumufpdrfh aomiS m teD ; od k Y c sOf ; av&m ½k w f w &uf ]okr*Fv} [laom ac:oHukd Mum;vkduf&\/ xk d p Of tH h t m;oih f o G m ;&um; vJ a eaom om;aumiftm; taotcsmMunhfavaomf ol x if a omorif B uD ; r[k w f b J yapö u Ak ' ¨ t&SifjrwfjzpfaeaMumif; awGUvkduf&avonf/ xkdtaMumif;ukd rif;BuD;odvQif ¤if;rSm touf csrf;om&m&aMumif;rjrifí xkdae&mrS tvsif tjref x G u f a jy;avawmh o nf / cPtMum

wGifyif yapöuAk'¨gt&Sifjrwfvnf; edAÁmefukd pH0ifawmfrloGm;avonf/ þtaMumif;ukd ewf w d k Y od & S d o G m ;onf j zpf í xk d t &yf o d k Y qif;oufvmMuum ¤if;wdkY\ ewfwefckd;jzihf yapö u Ak ' ¨ g jrm;rS e f í aojcif ; tjzpf u k d wpf N rKd U vk H ; wpf j ynf v k H ; [k d ; [k d ; ausmf u m tk w f t k w f u suf u suf j zpf a tmif vk y f v k d u f avonf/ aemufaeYeeH ufürl vltaygif;wdo Yk nf O,smOfawmf&Sd ypöuAk'¨g t&Sif\½kyftavmif; ukd vma&mufz;l ajrmfMuavonf/ xkt d aMumif; ukd eef;awmfodkY0ifí rif;BuD;tm; avQmufwif Mu\/ rif;BuD;vnf; xkdyapöu\tavmif; awmfukd ckepf&ufwdkifwdkifxm;um ylaZmfí aemufq;Hk rD;oN*K[ Ø jf cif;ukd jyK\/ yapöuAk'g¨ \ ½k y f r S < uif ; aom "gwf a wmf r sm;uk d Xmyem xnhfoGif;í apwDbk&m;wpfckukd wnfawmf rlavonf/ bk&ifEiS w fh uGaom wkid ;f oljynfom; tm;vkH;u xkdbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfpGm ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfMuavonf/ tcsif;jzpfyGm;NyD;í wpfESpfMumaomf okr*Fvonf eef;NrKdUtwGif;em;odkY csOf;uyfum trwfwpfOD;rSwpfqihf bk&ifBuD; olYtay: rnfoo Ykd abmxm;&Sad Mumif;? trsuaf jyavmuf NyDjzpfoavm[k ar;jref;pkHprf;cdkif;\/ trwf vnf; okr*Fv\taMumif;ukd pum;ajym&if;rS okr*FvtaMumif;ukd rodrom xnhfoGif; avQmufwifajymMum;&m bk&ifBuD; rnfodkYrQ jyef í rajymbJ cyf r qd w f a eavonf / xk d Y aMumifh okr*Fv jyefajy;&\/ odkYaomf olonf ZGJravsmh? (2) ESpfMumaomf ,ciftwdkif; jyKNrJ jyKjyef\/ okdYaomfvnf; bmrStaMumif;xl; rvmcJh/ þokdYjzihf wwd,tBudrfodkYwkdifcJh\/ a&S;enf;twkid ;f trwfucdk idk ;f &m ,ckwpfacguf ürl rif;BuD;onf okr*Fvtm; a&SUawmfarSmuf odkY oGm;aponf/ rif;BuD;a&SUarSmuf okr*Fv a&mufvQif rif;BuD;u okr*Fva&mufvQifyif rif;BuD;u okr*Fvtm; ar;\/ igukd;uG,fxm; &Sdaom yapöuAk'¨gt&Siftm; oifbmaMumifh owf&ufoenf;[k roG,fr0kduf wkduf½kdufyif ar;awmfrlonf/ xkdtcg okr*Fvu yapöu Ak ' ¨ g t&S i f t m; ol t rS e f w u,f r owf & yg aMumif;ESihf jzpf&yfrSefukd jynhfjynfhpkHpkH avQmuf xm;ajymjyavonf/ bk&ifBu;D vnf; xkt d cgrS trsuaf wmf ajyum okr*Fvtm; ol\rlvO,smOfapmihf ae&mü jyefvnfcefYtyfí ay;avonf/ xdktcg okr*Fv\ ukd,fpm;vS,f tjzpf ESpfBudrfwdkifwdkif rif;BuD;tm; avQmuf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ wifay;cJhzl;aom trwfonf ¤if;avQmufwif pOfu rif;BuD;onf cyfrqdwfomaecJhNyD; ,ckrS bmaMumihf okr*Fvukd a&SUawmfarSmuf oGi;f ap um cG i h f v T w f o nh f t jyif rl v &mxl ; uk d y g jyefvnfcefYtyfay;aomrif;BuD;\ vkyfaqmif csufukd em;rvnfatmifjzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf rif; BuD;tm; tb,fhaMumifh þokdY jyKrl&aMumif;ukd avQmufxm;ar;jref;Munhfonf/ rif;BuD;u xkdtrwfukd jyefvnfíajzMum;\/ tkd- trwf.. rif;wdkYrnfonfrSm rnfonhfae&m ud p ö r qk d trsuf a 'gouk d taMumif ; cH í taqmwvsif rjyKvkyfoihf/ xkdYaMumifh igonf ig\pdwfukd wnfNidrfatmifjyKvkyfNyD;rSomvQif okr*Fvukd ac:awGUjcif;jzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf jzpf&yfrSefukd igod&jcif;jzpfonf[k xkdtrwf tm; &Sif;jyawmfrlonf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf xkdpOfu okr*Fv onf ,ck &SiftmeE´m? xkdpOfu rif;BuD;onf ,ck igbk&m;jzpfcJhavonf[k Zmwfaygif;awmf rlygonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; uk d ; ig;&mhig;q,fZmwf(okr*FvZmwf) anmifuefq&mawmf pmrsuf E S m 35 rS wm;Ekdif&if olwdkYu yef;0ifoGm;vdrhfr,f/ tqkd; w&m;awG yef;r0ifEidk ?f atmifyrJG qifEidk af tmif vrf;ujzwfwkduf&r,f/ aESmuf,Sufypfcwf owfjzwf olwdkYjyefqkwfajy;atmif uRefawmf wdkY tNrJBuKd;pm;ae&ayvdrhfr,f/ udavomwdkY 'ku©tylwdkYeJY tNrJNyKdifqkdifae&rSm? tukodkvf taygufawGudk ukov dk jf zihf tNryJ w d q f aYdk e&rSm/ ]]tukokdvfrGJ? wkH;tcJ? ukdifpGJxm; ol r S m ? uk o k d v f v uf e uf ? rI e f Y r I e f Y n uf ? acszsuf M u&rS m ? t*k F v d r mv? jrwf a x&f & ? ,l M u erl e m}} wJ h / t*F k v d r mvonf tuk o k d v f twkH;tcJ BuD;rm;ygvnf; ukodkvfvufeufjzifh acszsufEkdifcJhonf/ avmurSm aumif;wmESihf raumif ; wm b,f [ mu rsm;ovJ q k d & if raumif;wmawGu 'keJYa'; rsm;jym;vSygonf/ ]]tE¨ D b l a wm t,H a vmaum t0d Z Æ m tarSmifwGif;rSm tukokdvf'kp½kdufw&m;awG ES i h f o m jynh f E S u f a omif ; usef ; aeygonf / vlawGonf tukov kd f twk;H tcJ ukid q f x JG m;Mu olawGomjzpfonf/ xkdokdYaom arSmifydef;xlxJ

awmeufxJrSm ukodkvftvif;tvufuav; wpfck xkd;xGufvmzkdY cJ,SOf;vSonf/ okyYd gaomfvnf; aumif;wmenf;vnf; tm;i,f z G , f & mr[k w f y g/ taumif ; qk d w m avmuobm0t& enf;ygayr,fh cGeftm; BuD;rm;ygw,f/ avmuBuD;rSm bk&m;wpfql wpfql &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; yGihfcJvSygw,f/ ta& twGuf enf;yg;vnf; bk&m;wpfql&JUcGeftm; [m twkdif;tqr&Sd BuD;rm;vSygw,f/ 'Dawmh tukodkvf raumif;wmawG b,favmuf xkeJY xnf e J Y & S d a p? aumif ; uG u f u av;wpf c k u acszsufypfEkdifygw,f/ t*kFvdrmvrSm&SdaewJh tuk o d k v f t wk H ; tcJ a wG u k d r*f Ó Pf q k d w J h ukokdvfwpfuGufeJY acszsufypfEkdifcJhygw,f/ arSmifrkdufusvS avmutv,f jrwfbk&m; wpfqw l nf; cJ,Of;pGm yGiafh y:vmvnf; trsm; owå0gukd tarSmifavmuxJu qGJxkwf u,f wifEkdifcJhygw,f/ jrwfbk&m; tqkH;trawmf awGu opömvrf;aMumif;ukd rD;armif;xkd;jyEkdif cJhygw,f/ xkdYaMumifh ukodkvfenf;vnf; 0rf; renf ; ES i h f ? tuk o d k v f q k d w m obm0t& tiftm;csdeJYw,f/ ukokdvfqkdwm cufcJ&Sm;yg; vnf ; pG r f ; tm;aumif ; ygw,f / xk d Y a Mumif h ukokdvfpGrf;tm;awGukdom rarhravsmhwrf; jznfhpGrf;oGm;yg[k qkdcsifygonf/ xkdYaMumihfatmifvHpGifhpGihf? vTihfwvlvl? atmif awmfrljrwfbk&m;tm;? ar- ratmifao;cif? atmifa<u;wifí? atmifjrif&efarQmf? wynhf awmf\? 0daZwkH- ra&Smifcyif;? tacgifeif;í? atmifjcif;BuD; atmifyg&apjcif;tusKd;iSm? earm- atmifcJhonhfwefckd;*kPfukd? trsKd;pkH rSef;qí? wrf;w&Sdckd;yg\bk&m;? ar- ratmif ao;cifatmif a<u;wifí? atmifjrif&efarQmf? wynhaf wmftm;? Z,r*Fv-H atmif&eftwdw?f atmifedrdwfjzihf? atmifbdwfodufoGif; atmif [dwfusif;í? atmifjcif;qifum r*Fvmukd? u&- oajyEk aiGc½kjzihf? aZ,wkykH? ar½kwkef atmif? tzkzH t Hk rIawG? at;apzkjYd yKay;awmfryl gh atmifawmfrlt&SifjrwfBuD;bk&m;/ atmif*gxm bk&m;&Sdckd;ukd &Gwfqkd &if; jrwfbk&m;&JU atmifpdwf? atmif"gwf? atmifowådawG MuufoD;jzef;rQ ul;qufvmNyD; oumvtm;vk;H atmifMuygapownf; [lí qkawmif;vkduf&ygonf/ wuú o d k v f v S a rmif ( a&wm&S n f ) usrf ; ñT e f ; "r® y ' q&mawmf t&S i f Z eumbd 0 H o

39

pmrsuf E S m 36 rS (7) cvkypämbwf"kwif= y0g&dwf oihfNyD; (y,fpGefYNyD;)aom qGrf; ponfwdkYukd rbkOf;ay;jcif;? twd&dwf0denf;uHjyKívnf; (wpfzefjyefí tuyfcHívnf;) rbkOf;ay; awmhjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ (8) t&nuif " k w if = awmü oDwif; okH;avh&Sdjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ (9) ½k u © r l " k w if = opf y if & if ; ü oDwif; okH;avh&Sdjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ (10) taAÇmumodu"kwif= trkd; tumr&Sdaom vGifwD;acgifü oDwif;okH;jcif; onfvnf;aumif;/ (11) ok omed o medu "k w if = ok o mef ocsKØ i;f ü oDwif;ok;H avh&jdS cif;onfvnf;aumif;/ (12) ,xmoEÅwd"kwif= rdrdtm; ñTefjyí ae&mcsxm;ay;aomausmif;tdyf&m ae&müom tNrJ o D w if ; ok H ; avh & S d j cif ; onf vnf;aumif;/ (13) aeoZÆdu"kwif= tdyf&macgif; tkH;wGif acgif;csí avsmif;puftdyfjcif;ukd y,fí xkdifoDwif;okH;avh&Sdjcif;onfvnf; aumif;/ þodkYtm;jzihf (13)yg;wdkYjzpfyg\/ þjyqkdcJhonhf "kwif(13)yg;udk usihf EkdifzkdYqkdonfrSm rvG,fulvSay/ omrn yg&rD rQjzifh r&Ekdif/ okdYaomfum; ,if;"kwifusihfBuH aom&[ef;wdkYtm; jrwfAk'¨ta&;ay;í txl; csD;rGrf;awmfrl\/ &Sifr[muóyrax&fjrwf onf u m; jrwf A k ' ¨ x H r S &[ef ; jyKNyD ; í &S p f & uf ajrmuf a omaeY ü t&[wå z d k v f o d k Y qk d u f a &muf onh f &[EÅ m jzpf a wmf r l u m &[ef ; ud p ö N yD ; ajrmuf cJ c J h \ / &[ef ; ud p ö NyD;ajrmufoGm;aomfvnf; uwdu0wfukdum; ysuu f u G jf cif;r&Scd /hJ jrwfA'k ¨ ,kMH unfawmfro l nhf twkdif; "kwif(13)yg;ukd ravsmhaomZGJvkHYv 0D&d,wdkYjzihf usihfBuHawmfrlqJjzpf\/ BuKd ; pm;ol w d k Y t m; avmujzpf ½ k d ; jzpf p Of t avsmuf ol E S i h f x k d u f w ef a om &vm'f u k d yd k i f q k d i f M u&NrJ j zpf \ / xkdYaMumihf jrwfAk'¨\ ]]{w'*¾H bdu©a0 rrom0umeH "kw*F"&meH bdu©LeH? ,'d'H r[muóayg= igbk & m;\ omoemawmf ü "k w if u k d v nf ; aumif;? "kwif\ *kPaf us;Zl;udv k nf; ajymMum; wwfaom wynhf&[ef;wdkYwGif þ&Sifr[m uóyonf txl;cRefqkH; omvGefjrifhjrwfqkH;}} [k "kwift&mü ]{w'*fq}k cs;D jri§ afh wmfrjl cif;ukd cH,lcJh&yg\/ oQif a wZrmvm(e*g;ay:) ñT e f ; - 0d e nf ; r[m0g

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ygwa d rmufjy&ef jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sit f m; awmif;yefMujcif;

Let the Lord recite the Pa-timokkha to the monks "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o k d v f )

ygwd a rmuf j y&ef awmif ; yef j cif ; bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0wd¬jynf ykAÁm½Hkausmif;ü rd*g&olaX;\ rdcifozG,fjzpfaom 0domcg\ jymom'f ü oDwif;oH;k aeawmfral omtcg Oykoaf eYü &[ef;oHCmNc&H v H suf xdik af e awmfrl\/ xdktcg t&SiftmeE´monf nOfheufonfjzpfí yXr,mrf vGefvwfaomf ae&mrSxum vuf0Jwzuf ycHk;xufü {uoDudk prÜ,f wifí jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; vuftkyfcsDvsuf avQmufxm;av\/ ]]t&Sijf rwfb&k m; nOfeh ufygNy/D yXr,mrfveG yf gNy/D &[ef;oHCm onf MumjrihfpGm xdkifae&yg\ t&Sifbk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef; wdkYtm; ygwdarmufudk jyawmfrlygbk&m;}} þodaYk vQmufaomf jrwfpmG bk&m;onf qdwq f w d af eawmfrl \/ ESpfBudrfajrmufvnf; t&SiftmeE´monf nOfheufonfjzpfí rZÑdr ,mrfvGefvwfaomf ae&mrSxum vuf0JwzufycHk;xufü {uoDudk prÜ,fwifí jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; vuftkyfcsDavQmufxm;av\/ ]]t&S i f j rwf b k & m; nOf h e uf y gNyD rZÑd r ,mrf v G e f y gNyD / &[ef;oHCmonf MumjrihfpGmxdkifae&yg\ t&Sifbk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m; onf &[ef;wdkYtm; ygwdarmufudk jyawmfrlyg}} ESpBf urd af jrmufwiG v f nf; jrwfpmG bk&m;onf qdwq f w d af eawmf rl\/ oHk;Budrfajrmufvnf; t&SiftmeE´monf nOfheufonfjzpfí ypädr,mrfvGefvwfaomf t½kPfwufonfjzpfí nOfhonf ESpfoufzG,f &mrsufESm&Sdvwfaomf ae&mrSxum vuf0JwzufycHk;xufü {uoDudk prÜ,fwifí jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; vuftkyfcsDrdk;vsuf avQmufxm;jyefav \/ ]]t&Sifbk&m; nOfheufygNyD/ rpädr,mrfvGefygNyD/ t½kPfwufyg NyD/ nOfhonfESpfoufzG,f&m rsufESm&SdygNyD/ &[ef;oHCmonf Mumjrihf pG m xd k i f a e&yg\t&S i f b k & m;? jrwf p G m bk & m;onf &[ef ; wd k Y t m; ygwdarmufudk jyawmfrlygbk&m;}} ]]tmeE´m y&dowfonf rpifMu,f}} [k rdefYawmfrl\/ xdktcg t&Sifr[marm*¾vmeftm; þonhfpum;udk jrwfpGm bk & m;onf tb,f a Mumih f r d e f Y a wmf r l o enf ; [k tBuH o nf j zpf \ / xdaYk emuf t&Sirf [marm*¾vmef&[ef;oHCmtvH;k pHw k \ Ykd pdwu f kd (rdr\ d )

Let the Lord recite the Pa-timokkha At one time the Awakened One, the Lord was staying at Sa-vatthi in the Eastern Monastery in the long house of Miga-ra's mother. Now at that time the lord was sitting down surounded by an Order of monks on an Observance day. Then, when the night was far spent, as the first watch was waning, the venerable Ananda, rising from his seat, having arranged his upper robe over one shoulder, having sluted the Lord with joined plams, spoke thus to the Lord: "Lord, the night is far spent, the first watch is waning; the Order of monks has been sitting down for a long thime; Lord, let the Lord recite the Pa-timokkha to the monks."

When he had spoken thus the Lord became silent. And when the night was far spent, as the middle watch was waning, the venerable Ananda a second time rising from his seat, having arranged..spoke thus to the Lord: "Lord, the right is far spent, the middle watch is waning; ...recite the Pa-timokkha to the monks" And a second time the Lord became silent. And when the night was far spent, as the last watch was waning, when the sun had risen and the night lad a face of gladness, a third time did the venerable Ananda, rising from his seat, having arrange...speak thus to the Lord: "Lord, the night is far spent, the last watch is waning; the sun has risen, the night has a face of gladness; the Order of monks has been sitting down for a long time; Lord, let the Lord recite the Pa-timokkha to the monks."

"A nanda, the assembly is not entirely pure."

Then it occurred to the venerable Moggalla-na the Great: "Now, on account of which individual did the Lord speak thus: A nanda, the assembly is not entirely pure?"

Then the venerable Moggalla-na the Great with his mind compassed the minds of the entire Order of monks. Then the venerable Moggalla-na the Great saw that individual sitting in the midst of the Order of monks – of bad moral habit, depraved in character, of impure and suspicious behaviour, of concealed actions, not a (true) recluse (although) pretending to be a (true)

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