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Oyg'gef yg;ap&ef
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olawmfaumif;w&m;ü aumif;pGmwnfaom xdkolonf tvHk;pHk aom ol w d k Y \ tpD ; tyG m ;ud k a qmif \ / xd k o l o nf 0ef w d k r I ]]rpö&d,}} tnpftaMu;udk y,fazsmufí? at;Nidrf;csrf;om&m avmuod k Y a&muf & \/ Firm set in Saddhamma, with stain of stint Put by, he wayfares to the world of bliss.
oyÜ K &d o yk * ¾ d K vf tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf b*¾wdkif; okokrm&*d&NrdKU 0,f om;orifwdkY tm; ab;rJhay;&m abouVawmü oDwif; oH k ; aeawmf r l \ / xd k p Of t cg0,f jrwf p G m bk&m;onf &[ef;wdkYtm; ac:awmfrl\/
The worthy man Once the Exalted One was staying the Bhaggis on Crocodile Hill at the Deer Park in Bhesakala Grove. There the Exalted One addressed the monks, saying:
pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y
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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com
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t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE´(Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw a'guw f mb'´ EÅynm0Ho(Ph.D) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf -
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r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)
pmwnf;tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm xk wf wf a0 ol wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f
tjyiftqif uGefysLwm rk;d Bu;D ? NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykid f
jzefYcsda&; vIid Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d f zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801
yH k E S d y f wifatmif0if;? bk;d &mZmykEH ydS w f u dk f trSw(f 162)? (45)vrf;? Akv d w f axmifNrKd eU ,f/
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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/
"r®0D&u "r®apwDrsm; pGrf;tm;&SdorQ wnfxm; ,aeYAk'¨bmomavmuwGif vltrsm;u "mwkapwD? y&dabm*apwD? O'´dóapwD? "r®apwD[lí apwD(4)rsKd; &Sdonfudk odxm;Muygonf/ "mwkapwD? y&dabm*apwDqo kd nfrmS ajrBu;D ay:wGif wnfaeygonf/ O'´ó d apwD [laom bk&m;qif;wkawmfqkd onfuvnf; ajrBuD;ay:ESihf tdrfOD;cef;u bk&m;pifay:rSm wnfxm;&ygonf/ "r®apwDqdkonfu vlom;\ tonf;ESvHk;xJüwnfxm;&aom apwDjzpfygonf/ vlom;onf rdrd\tonf;ESvHk; xJrSm Ak'¨\ tqHk;tr(omoem)qdkaom "r®apwD wnfudef;aeaomoljzpfygrS usefaomapwD (3)rsKd;udk &Sdcdk;Muygrnf/ 'ge? oDvqdkonfwdkYudk jyKvkyfMuygrnf/ odkYtwGuf "r®apwDonf t"duusygonf/ xdkapwD(4)rsKd;teuf apwDawG? ykxdk;awG? qif;wkawmfawGukd ½kyfrsufpdESihf Munfhíjrifí&ygonf/ "r®apwDukdrl ½kyfrsufpdESihfjrifí Munhfír&yg/ ÓPfrsufpdESihf MunhfwwfrSjrifEkdifygonf/ xdkapwD 3 rsKd;u vlomrefrsm; twGuf qGJtm;aumif;vSonf/ tvSL&Sifrsm;taeESihfvnf; yumoevkyfí&onf? <um;0g*kPf,lí&Ekdifygonf/ odkYtwGuf "r®0D&onf avmu vlom;wdkYtwGuf xdkapwD(4)rsKd;wdkYwGif "r®apwDudk txl;OD;pm;ay;wnfay; aejcif;jzpfygonf/"r®apwDwnfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm -vlom;wdkY\ tonf;ESvHk;ü "r®apwDwnfxm;ay;&ef? -Ak'¨a*gwr\ avmuDNidrf;csrf;om,ma&;? avmukwå&mcsrf;oma&;udk azmfaqmifay;&ef? -qifjcifwHkw&m;uif;rJhaomtuef;t&rf; ,HkMunfrIrsKd;udk y,fzsufí ,HkMunfrI(o'¨g)? BudK;pm;rI(0D&d,)? owd&SdrI(tyÜrm') wnfMunfrI (orm"d)ynmÓPftoHk;jyKrI(0dp&Pynm)[l aomt&nftaoG;aumi;fwdkYudk jyKpkysKd;axmifay;&ef? -urÇmvlom;tcsif;csif; aoG;cGJNyD; y#dyu©udk rsKd;aphcsay;aom avmb? a'go? arm[? rme? tmCmw? rdpäm0g'wdkYudk qdwfokOf;apNyD; jA[®pdk&fvTrf;aom avmuopfudk xlaxmif&ef? -jrefrmEkdifiHESihfwuG urÇmt&yf&yf&Sd y#dyu© tarSmifxkudkNzdKcGif;? Ak'¨\ tqHk;tr tvif;a&mifudk xGef;ajymifap&efwdkY jzpfygonf/ uvd,*k q f w k u f yfumvwGif ,aeYvo l m;wdo Yk nf avmb? a'go? arm[? rme (£ó)? rpä&, d w&m;awGvrT ;f rd;k Ny;D tm[m&rsm;rSmvnf; MoZmtqDtESpft&omawG wjznf;jznf;avsmhyg;vmaeonf/ xdkodkYMoZmavsmhyg;vmjcif;aMumifh vlom;wdkYtm; a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;wdk;yGm;vmaeMuonf/ &moDOwkrsm;azmufjyefí 'kAÇdu©EÅ&ab;trsKd;rsKd; awGUae&onf/ ow¦EÅ&ab; trsKd;rsKd;qdkufa&mufaeMuygonf/ þ'ku©ab;rsKd;pHkudk Nidrf;at;atmif Ak'¨u vrf;ñTefa[mMum;xm;ygonf/ xdkvrf;ñTefa[mMum;csufrsm;udk avmuvlom;rsm; odMu em;vnfoabmaygufMuNyD; vkdufemusifhokH;vQif þavmuBuD;onf Nidrf;csrf;om,mygrnf/ rdrd\ ywf0ef;usi?f rdom;pku þw&m;rsm;udo k yd gu rdr\ d ywf0ef;usiNf ird ;f csr;f ygrnf/ rdr&d yfuu G ?f NrKd U&Gm? ywf0ef;usiu f tpjyKí þw&m;rsm;udk odaeygu rdrd&yfuGufNrdKU&Gm Nidrf;csrf;ygrnf/ rdrdEkdifiHol? EkdifiHom;tm;vHk; þw&m;rsm;udkodu urÇmEkdifiH tm;vHk;Nidrf;csrf;ygrnf/ xdkYaMumihf "r®0D&onf rdrd\0D&d,pGrf;tm;jzihf avmuvlom;tm;vHk;twGuf "r®apwDudk wnfay;aeygonf/ þ"r®apwDudk csOf;uyfMuyg? qnf;uyfMuyg? udk;uG,fjrwfEdk;Muyg[k wdkufwGef;vkduf&ygonf/ t,f ' D w m
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WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE
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tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g max&0g'' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho(Ph.D) a[mMum;csD ; jr§ i h f a wmf r l t yf a om
jzpfEkdifwm ESifh rjzpfEkdifwm w&m;a'oemawmf (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) pMu0Vmwpf c k r S m bk & m;wpf q l o m yG i f h E d k i f w ,f uJ- pNyD;ajym&r,fqkdvdkY&Sd&if pMu0Vm universe wpfckrSm jzpfEdkifwmeJYrjzpfEdkifwmu p&r,f/ pMu0VmqdkwJhpum;vHk;u ygVdpmay xJrSm awmfawmfav;aemufusNyD;rS 0ifvmw,f/ apmapmydkif;uawmh ]]avmu"mwk}} qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk toHk;jyKw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fwdkif oHk;cJhwJhpum;vHk;u avmu"mwk? 'DuaeYacwf acwfynmvdkYac:aewJh ynm&yfudk wpfcsdefwkef;u jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ]]avmu"mwfynm}} vdkY ac:cJh zl;w,f/ avmu"mwk qdkwJhpum;vHk;[m 'D universe qkdwJh pMu0Vmudk ajymwmyJ/ tJ'pD Mu0VmawGxrJ mS bk&m;yGiw fh hJ pMu0Vm&Sw d ,f/ tJ'b D &k m; yGiw hf hJ pMu0VmrSm bk&m;ESpq f w l pfNyKd ief uf yGiEfh ikd o f vm;? ryGiEhf ikd b f ;l vm;/ ]]avmu"mwfwpfckwnf;rSm bk&m;ESpfql yGihfw,fqdkwm rjzpfEkdifbl;wJh/ jzpfEdkifwmu bmwkef;? avmu"mwfwpfckwnf;rSm odkYr[kwf pMu0Vm wpfcw k nf;rSm bk&m;wpfqo l m yGiEfh ikd w f ,f}}/ bk&m;ESpq f l pMu0Vmwpfck wnf;rSm NydKifNyD;awmh ryGihfEdkifbl;wJh? 'gwpfckrSwf&r,f/ 'grSwaf wmh bmtusKd ;&Sv d ?J aMomf avmurSm bk&m;qdw k yhJ *k Kd¾ vf [m tifrwefxl;jcm;w,f? pMu0VmBuD;wpfckvHk;rSm wpfOD;wnf;om ay:aygufEikd w f ,f/ pMu0VmBuD;wpfckrSm vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;taeeJY ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ owå0gwpfrsdK;wnf;udk ajymwmvnf;r[kwfbl;/ vlom;awGudk ajymwm vnf; r[kwfbl;/ ouf&Sdowå0gawGtm;vHk;NcHKiHkNyD;wpfOD;wnf;yJjzpfyg w,f? wpfOD;wnf;yJ&Sdw,f/ pMu0VmwpfckrSm bk&m;u wpfqlyJyGihfEdkif w,f/ 'gjzpfEdkifw,f? NydKifwlESpfqlyGihfw,fqdkwm rjzpfEkdifbl;? ESpfqlrjzpf Edkifbl;qdkawmh oHk;qlç av;qlqdkomNyD;rjzpfEdkifao;w,f/ pMu0Vmwpf c k r S m pMu0aw;rif ; wpf O D ; om ay:Ed k i f w ,f aemufwpfcrk w S pf &mu avmurSm owå0gawGukd trSew f &m; a[majymwJhAk'¨qdkwJh xl;jcm;wJhtpä&d, tHhzG,fvlom;[m wpfOD;wnf; jzpfovdk rSefuefwJhvrf;aMumif;ay:uaeNyD;awmh vlom;awGtm;vHk;udk aumif;wJhbufudk OD;aqmifoGm;wJhvlYacgif;aqmif pMu0aw;rif;qdkwm [mvnf; pMu0VmwpfckrSm wpfOD;yJjzpfEdkifw,fwJh/ ESpfOD;rjzpfEdkifbl;/ ]]pMu0Vmwpfcrk mS pMu0aw;rif;ESpOf ;D NyKd iw f al y:w,fqw kd m rjzpfEikd b f ;l ? pMu0aw;rif; wpfOD;wnf;ay:wmom jzpfEdkifw,f}}/ bmjzpfvYkd pMu0aw;rif;udk 'Dvw kd efz;kd xm;&ovJq&kd if xdpk Mu
0aw;rif;ay:wJhtcsdef[m avmurSm&SdwJh vlom;awGtwGuf a&Tacwf vdq Yk &kd avmufatmif taumif;qH;k tajctaeudk &&Sw d ,f/ 'gb,fou l OD;aqmifwmvJ? pMu0aw;rif;u OD;aqmifwm/ pMu0aw;rif;u vlawG udk rSefuefwJhvrf;aMumif;ay:wifay;w,f? odkYaomf olwifay;wJh vrf; aMumif;u edAmÁ efvrf;aMumif;awmhr[kwb f ;l / ewfjynfvrf;aMumif;yJ jzpf w,f/ olu edAÁmefvrf;aMumif;udk wifray;Edkifbl;/ pMu0aw;rif;wifay;vku d w f v hJ rf;u ewfjynfomG ;wJv h rf;? Ak'¨ jrwfpmG wifay;wJv h rf;u ewfjynfvrf;wifrubl;ç edAmÁ efomG ;wJv h rf;yg wifay;w,f/ 'Dvdk xl;jcm;w,f? 'gaMumifhrdkY vlwkdif;vlwkdif;[m tyg,f i&JrusbJeJY ewfjynfa&mufatmif ydkYaqmifEdkifw,fqdkwmvnf; enf;wJh pGrf;&nfowådr[kwfbl;? vrf;aMumif;trSefay:rSm wifay;wm/ 'DuaeYacwfrmS bk&m;qdw k hJ yk*Kd¾ vw f idk ;f [m rSeu f efwv hJ rf;aMumif; ay: wifray;Edkifwm trsm;BuD;yJ/ vrf;rSm;atmif OD;aqmifxm;wmawG trsm;BuD;yJ/ vlawGrSm &SdMuw,f- bmomtrsdK;rsdK;? [dkuvnf; bk&m;ç 'Duvnf; bk&m;? tJ'Dbk&m;qdkwJhyk*¾dKvfawG ñTefMum;xm;wJhtwkdif; vku d ef mvd&Yk &dS if aemufq;kH rSm edAmÁ efvrf;aMumif;ay:a&mufzaYkd eaeomom ewfjynfvrf;aMumif;ay:a&mufzdkYawmif cufcJw,f/ Ak'j¨ rwfpmG vufxufawmftcgwke;f u vlwumu ud;k uG,Nf y;D ½dak oav;pm;&wJh tmZD0u *dP k ;f Bu;D qdw k m&Sw d ,f/ tJ't D mZD0tusiu fh kd pGrf;pGrf;wrH usihfoGm;wJhyk*¾dKvfawG&Sdw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk y&dAdkZf wpf,mufu ar;w,f? ]]t&Sib f &k m;? b0rS vGwaf jrmufomG ;wJh tmZD0u rsdK;udk t&Sifbk&m;awGUzl;vm;}} vdkYar;w,f/ ]]ihg ÓPfawmfBuD;eJY 91urÇmxdatmif tmZD0uwpfO;D wpfavrsm; ewfjynfa&mufwm &So d vm;ç vGwaf jrmufomG ;wm &So d vm;vdYk igavhvmMunhz;l w,f? avhvmMunhw f hJ tcg b0rSvGwfajrmufoGm;wJh tmZD0qdkwm wpfa,mufrSr&Sdbl;}} wJh/ ]]b0rS rvGwfajrmufawmifrS ewfjynfa&mufwJh tmZD0u b,favmuf &So d vJv&Ykd mS Munhw f m 91- urÇmxJrmS wpfa,mufy&J w dS ,f/ usew f o hJ al wG tukefvHk; atmufvQdK;ukefMuwmcsnf;yJ}} wJh/ uJ- b,favmufepfemvJ? vrf;aMumif;rSm;&if repfemaybl;vm;? epfemw,f/ pMu0aw;rif;uawmh vlawGudk rSefuefwJhvrf;aMumif;ay: wifay;Edik w f ,f/ b,fvw kd ifay;wmvJ/ olwifay;wmu &Si;f &Si;f av;yJ(1) ygaPm e [EÅ a AÁ m - olrsm;touf rowfeJY/ pmrsuf E S m 6 ok d Y
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/
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Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&
(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) orÁ [ k v bd u © K 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg t0EÅw d ikd ;f ü aum#duPÖaomPrax&f\ trd 'g,dumrBu;D onf nOht f cg &Siaf omPrax&f w&m;a[monfukd empOf ckd;olukd;&mwkdYonf tdro f w Ykd ufí tojymwku d çf a&Twu dk çf aiGwu dk f wd k Y u k d z G i h f í ,l a omaMumih f uRef r uvmí t&Sifr ckd;olwdkYtdrfü a&T? aiG? OpömwdkYukd ,lav ukefNyD[k ajym\/ ckd;olwdkY ,lvkdwkdif;,lap? w&m;emysuf a tmif rajymvmES i h f [ k . . 'g,dumrBuD;qkdonfukd ckd;olwdkYMum;í tvGef MunfnKdaomaMumihf ckd;olukd;&mwdkYonf t&Sif aomPxH &[ef;jyKuek \ f / toD;oD; ur®|mef; ,lí awmausmif; opfyif&if;wdkYü pD;jzef;Mu ukef\/ bk&m;&Sifonf *E¨uk#DwdkufawmfrS aevsuf ,l Z emwpf & mh ES p f q ,f u G m aom xkd&[ef;wdkYxH a&mifjcnfawmfvTwfí teD;ü &yfouJhodkYjzpfí ]]arwåm 0d[m&d a,m bdu©K}} paom ukd;*gxmukd a[mawmfrl\/ xkd&[ef; uk d ; &mwk d Y o nf y#d o rÇ d 'gywå & [EÅ m jzpf í aumif;uifjzihf bk&m;txH odkY vmMuukef\/ arwåm0d[m&D a,m bdu©K? yoaEém Ak'¨omoae/ t"d*apä y'H oEÅH? ocFg½lyorH okcH/ odÍö bdu©K £rH em0H? odwåm aw v[karówd/ aqwGm &m*Íö a'goÍö? wawm edAÁmear[dod/ jref r muAsm arwåmw&m; yGm;rsm;aeonf? omoemjrwf qnf;uyf,kHMunf? Nidrfoufat;jr okcvGefonf? ocFgNidrf; a&mufudef;edAÁmefjynf/ The bhikkhu who abides in loving -kindness, who is pleased with the buddha's teaching, attains to that state of peace and happiness, the stilling of conditioned things.
pum;ajy/ / arwåmur®|mef;ü yGm;rsm;ae avh&Sdaom &[ef;onf bk&m;&Sif\omoem awmf u k d Munf n Kd a v;jrwf qnf ; uyf \ / xkd&[ef;onf ocFg&wkdY\csKyfNidrf;&mjzpfaom
(tvGe)f csr;f omat;jraom edAmÁ efa&Tjynfjrwf odkY a&mufav\/ jref r muAsm tkd..tkd &[ef; a&oGef; ukd,favS? yufoGefNyD;jim; ayhgyg;jrefav? &m* a'go jzwfcs avSmfay? edAÁmefurf; wufvSrf;a&mufygap/ Empty this boat, O bhikkhu! Emptied by you it will move swifftly; cutting off lust and hatred, to Nibbana you will thereby go.
(þig;jzmaom) £a`Ew ´ u Ykd v dk nf; tvGeyf mG ;rsm; &m\/ avmbç a'goç rkdufarm[ESihf rmeç 'd|d wG,Nf ipd &m ig;jzm"r® vGwaf jrmufaom&[ef;ukd (MoCwdPÖ) oHo&m0JMoCukd ausmfuJí vGwfajrmufcJhol[k qkdtyf\/ jref r muAsm tkd..tdk &[ef; yGm;prf;psmefukd? umr*kPfig; raysmfyg;vdk? arhavsmhoHcJ rsKdyJa&Smifykd? ra&SmifbJ oHcJrsKdrdqkd/ ylavmifpGmh [D;csrikdvdk/
pum;ajy/ / (tkd &[ef;..þcE¨mukd,f Meditate, O bhikkhu! Be not twåabmwnf;[laom) avSrS (rdpäm0dwuf heedless. Do not let your mind whirl on wnf;[laom) a&ukd yufxkwfoGefypfygavmh/ sensual pleasures. Do not be careless and oif&[ef;uk, d w f idk f yufxw k Nf y;D ygu cE¨muk, d f swallow a lead ball. As you burn cry not twåabmavSonf ayghyg;í vsifjrefpGm edAÁmef ''This is sorrow.'' / tkd &[ef; tedpö ponfukd urf;odkY qkdufa&mufvwåHU/ &m*- a'go? (cspf pum;ajy/ tzef z ef ½ a I vmh / rarhavsmyh gESi/fh oif\pdwu f dk jcif; rke;f jcif;)ukyd ,fjzwfí (xko d yYkd ,fjzwfaom aMumih)f oifonf vsipf mG ul;oef; edAmÁ efurf;okYd umr*kPfü rarGUavsmfapvifh/ arhavsmhí ylavmif&&J J oHawGcu J dk rrsKrd yd gapvif/h ylavmif a&muf&vwHh/ aomaMumihf ylvu kd af vpGmh qif;&JavpGmh 0#fBu;D yÍö qdaEé yÍö Za[? avpGmh[k [D;csíridka<u;ygvifh/ yÍö pkwå&d bm0a,/ ew¦d psmeH tynó? yÍöocFgwda*g bdu©K? ynm ew¦d tpsm,awm/ ]]MoCwdaPÖm}} wd 0kpöwd/ ,rSd psmeÍö ynm p? psm, bdu©K rm yrma'g? o a0 edAÁmeoEÅdau/ rm aw umr*kaP &arók pdwåH/ okbm*g&H y0d|ó? rm avm[*kVH *dvD yrawåm? oEÅpdwåó bdu©Kaem/ rm uE´d ]]'ku©rd'}} EÅd ',Srmaem/ trmEkoD &wd a[mwd? jref r muAsm or®m "r®H 0dyóawm/ aESmifBuK;d ig;csuf atmufr*fy,fonf? jref r muAsm t&[wår*f ig;csufBuKd;jznf? ynmuif;bd r&SdpsmefrSm? £a`E´yGm; BuKd;ig;vGwfNyD? psmefrSuif;bd r&Sdynm? oHom0J ausmfxJ &[ef;rnf/ psmefyGm; ÓPfxGm; &Sdjim;olrSm? Five cut off, five give up, five edAÁmefeD; tNyD;rSwfavyg/ further cultivate. The bhikkhu who has gone beyond the five bonds is called a ''Flood-Crosser''.
pum;ajy/ / ,lrsm; ,kHrSm; ukd;uG,frSm;ESihf &efNiKd;xm;wkH umrbkHwyfruf (Mo&rÇm*d,) oHa,mZOfig;csufwdkYukd (atmufr*fokH;yg;jzihf) y,fjzwf&m\/ ½lyg½ly wyf&m*ESihf rmepdwfysH trSerf od (O'¨b H m*d,) oHa,mZOfig;csuw f u Ykd dk t&[wår*fjzihf y,fpGefYypf&m\/ ,kHMunf tm;oef pd w f B uH o wd wnf M unf y nm
There is no concentrain to one who lacks wisdom, nor is there wisdom to him who lacks concentration. In whom are both concentration and wisodm he, indeed, is in the presence of Nibbana.
pum;ajy/ / ynmr&Sdaomoltm; (tedpö ponfukd ½IrI) orm"dpsmefr&Sd/ psmefr&Sdaomol tm; ynmvnf;r&Sd/ tMuifyk*¾Kdvfü psmefESifh ynmonf (ESprf sK;d vk;H ) &S\ d / xkyd *k K¾ v d o f nf trSef
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
pifppf edAÁmefteD;ü &Sdawmhonfomwnf;/ jref r muAsm qdwfNidrf&m&yf 0ifuyfvsufom? Nidrfoufpdwfxm; w&m;jrifum? vlomrefESihf roihfwef&m? psmefzkdvfarGU aeavh&[ef;rSm/ The bhikkhu who has retired to a lonely abode, who has calmed his mind, who clearly perceives the Doctrine, experiences a joy transcending that of men.
pum;ajy/ / qdwfNidrf&mt&yfodkYuyfvsuf Nird o f ufaompdw&f NdS y;D w&m;awmfudk aumif;rGef pGm odjrifaom&[ef;rSm (tdrf&mwnfaxmif vlYabmifüaeaom) vlomrefESihfrxkdufwef aom (psmef ç r*f ç zd k v f ) arG U avsmf j cif ; uk d awGUBuKHodjrif&\/ ,awm [awm or®owd? cE¨meH O',AÁ,H/ vbwD yDwdygarmZÆH? trwH wH 0dZmewH/ wMwm,rm'd b0wd? £" ynó bdu©Kaem/ £NE´d, *kwåd oEÅK|d? ygwdarmau© p oH0a&m/ jref r muAsm cE¨mig;csuf jzpfysufukdom? zefzefxyfxyf okH;oyfae&Sm? 0rf;om&Trf;td yDwda0jzm? w&m;od a&muf&SdedAÁmefom/
£a`E´apmifhqJ a&mihf&Jaewm? ygwdarmu© oDvapmihfum? edAÁmefeef; a&mufvrf;tpom/ And this becomes the beginning here for a wise bhikkhu; sense-control, contentment, restraint with regard to the fundamental Moral Code (Patimokkha), association with beneficent and energetic friends whose livelihood is pure.
pum;ajy/ / þomoemawmf ü ynm&S d a om &[ef ; twG u f pu© K paom £a`E´ u k d apmih f p nf ; jcif ; ? touf a rG ; pif M u,f & orQES i h f a&mif h & J v G , f jcif ; ? ygwdarmufvm usihfodu©mukd apmihfpnf; jcif;? þpifMu,faom oDvav;yg;onf (edAÁmef a&mufaMumif;tusihfü) tOD;tpjzpf\/ rdawå bZók uvsmP? ok'¨gZDa0 twE´daw/ y#doE¦m&0kwsó? tmpm&ukoavm od,m/ wawm ygarmZÆA[kavm? 'ku©óEÅH u&dówd/ jref r muAsm oufarG;pifbd ysif;&duif;uGm? pdwfoabmaumif; rdwfaygif;&Sdyg? "r®pyfquf oufarG;vsufom? usihfowif; xifvif;&SdolrSm? 0rf;ajrmufrIrsm; jzpfyGm;vdkYom? qif;&Jwkef; ukefqkH;&awmhrSm/
*kPEf iS v fh u dk zf uf q&mjrwf Ä tkdb,fhq&m? q&mhxHvmí ynmoif&ef? tyfESHvmjim; wynhfrsm;ukd? pmoGm;½kHav; oifay;wkHrQ? [efrusESihf q&mh*kaPm? teaEÅmrkdY ppfaMumjyKjyif? rkdufcJhvQifrl oGefoifqkH;r? ay;Ekdif&rnf/ Ä okH;0&wem? pdwfrSmrTrf;xkH vTrf;NcKHEkdifa&;? oifay;&rnf/ Ä *kPf&nfjrwfvS? rdESihfb\ rsm;vSxl;axG? aus;Zl;awGukd qyfapEkdifa&;? oifay;&rnf/ Ä jrefjynforkdif;? ½Iwkdif;½dkif;rnhf aemufwkdif;usihfysuf? aoGzufrIMuOf ½kd;,OfEkdifa&;? oifay;&rnf/ Ä þodkYuse? oifEkdifrSvQif q&mh*kaPm? teaEÅmESihf vkdufavsmnDaxG &SdrSmrkdY/ 0PÖ O D ; ({&majr)
pmrsuf E S m 4 rS (2) t'd E é H em'gwAÁ H - olwpfyg;Opöm rw&m;r,leJY/ Let him be cordial in his ways and Whenever he reflects on the rise (3) umarok r d p ä m e p&d w AÁ m and fall of the aggregates, he experiences refined in conduct; thereby full of joy he - umr*kPt f m½Hek YJ ywfoufNy;D rSm;,Gi;f joy and happiness. To the perspicacious will make an end of ill. wJ h tus i a f h wG rusiMfh ueJ?Y pum;ajy/ / aumif ; j r wf a om oabm&S d í ones that (reflection) is Deathless. (4) rk o m e bPd w AÁ m pum;ajy/ / cE¨mig;yg;wdkY\tjzpftysufukd pifMu,faom toufarG;jcif;&Sdaom rysif;r&d - vdrfrajymMueJY/ qifjcifo;Hk oyfwidk ;f olonf ESpo f uf0rf;ajrmuf vkHYv&Sdaom taqGcifyGef;wdkYudk qnf;uyfrSD0J (5) rZÆ y geH e ygwAÁ H jcif;ukd (pdwfcs,kHMunfpGm) od&av\/ xkdokdY avmh / (tmrd o y#d o E¦ m &ç "r® y #d o E¦ m & - rl;,pfaq;0g; ao&nfao&uf qifjcifo;Hk oyfjcif;? ESpo f uf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tm;jzihf) azmfa&Gaom jynhfpkHaom toufarG; raomufMueJY 'D 5- ckyJ a[mwm/ w&m;odjrif ynm&SifwdYktm; edAÁmefodkY a&mufzkdY jcif; (qufqHjcif;) &Sdí usihf0wfoDvü vdr®m tJ'gvHkvdkY&Sd&if vlawGtzdkY ewfjynf &m\/ xkEd pS rf sK;d vk;H ESijfh ynhpf í Hk vdrm® jcif;aMumifh taMumif;jzpf\/ vrf ; aM u mif ;Bu;D yGiafh erSmyJ/ trsm;Bu;D vkypf &m xkdolonf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfí qif;&Jjcif;\ jref r muAsm rvdkbl;/ pMu0aw;rif;vufxufrSm 'Dvrf; tqkH;ukd jyK&vwåHU/ ynmwwfpGrf; &[ef;awmfrSm? aMumif;udk azmfxw k af y;w,f/ wkid ;f oljynfom; tm;vHk;[m 'Dvrf;aMumif;ay:avQmufvSrf;NyD; awmh ewfjynfa&mufukefMuw,f/ &mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf 'gaMumih f universe wpf c k r S m &J&ifw h nfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh pMu0aw;rif;qdw k m ESpOf ;D ray:bl;wJ?h wpfO;D yJ ay:w,f / ES p f O D ; qd kwm rjzpfEdkifbl;wJh/ wpfOD;yJ b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf atmifjrifpmG jzwfoef;Ekid Mf uzkYd jzpfEdkifw,f/ 'gvnf; jzpfEdkifwmeJY rjzpfEdkifwm "r®0&D *sme,f zwfMupkUd wpfckayhg/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/
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r8¾&Spfjzm omoem (1) rk H & G m aeZm
(u) r*¾ i f & S p f y g;&S d v Qif omoem&S d \ / omoem&SdvQif r*¾if&Spfyg;&Sd\/ ]r*¾if} [lonf r*¾+t*F ESpfyk'faygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpf\/ r*f\ tpdwt f ykid ;f [k wdu k ½f u dk t f eufxu G o f nf/ r*¾r*f[o l nf vrf;c&D;jzpf\/ rnfonhv f rf;c&D;enf;/ r*fç zdkvfç edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif; aumif;jrwfrSefuefaomvrf;c&D;jzpf\/ r*¾*Fr*f\tpdwftydkif;jzpfaom t*Fg&yf (8) yg;&Sd onf/ (1) or®m'd|-d rSeu f efaomtjrif- (right view) (2) or®mouFy-Ü rSeu f efaomtawG;tBu-H (right thinking)
(3) or®m0gpm- rSeu f efaompum;- (right speech) (4) or®mur®E-Å rSeu f efaomtvky-f (right action) (5) or®mtmZD0- rSefuefaom toufarG;rI (right livelihood)
(6) or®m0g,mr- rSefuefaom tm;xkwfrI (right effort)
(7) or®mowd- rSeu f efaomatmufarhrI (right mindfulness)
(8) or®morm"d- rSefuefaom wnfMunfrI(right concentration) wdjYk zpfayonf/ (t*Fvy d f bmomjzihf odvdkolrsm;twGuf xnhfay;vkduf onf/) r*¾if&Spfyg;tusihfw&m;udk ]rZÑdr y#d y'g} (The Middle Way) tv,fvrf;[kac:\/ r*¾i&f pS yf g;tusiw fh &m;udk tusO;f csKyf í tESpfxkwfaomf- oDvusihfpOf? orm"dusihf pOfEiS fh ynmusipfh Of[í l usipfh Ofo;kH &yf? jrwfaom odu©moHk;yg;jzpf\/ oDv? orm"d? ynm/ r*¾if&Spfjzmudk oDv? orm"d? ynm cGJjcm;aomtcg-
(1) or®m'd|dESihf (2) or®mouFyÜwdkY onf- ynmr*¾if/ (3) or®m0gpm? (4) or®mur®EÅ? (5) or®mtmZD0wdkYonf- oDvr*¾if/ (6) or®m0g,mr? (7) or®mowd? (8) or®morm"dwdkYonf- orm"dr*¾ifrsm; jzpfMu onf/ ynmr*¾if (2) yg;+ oDvr*¾if (3)yg;+ orm"dr*¾if (3) yg;= aygif;r*¾if (8) yg; jynhfpHk onf/ r*¾if&Spfyg;wdkYonf ynmr*¾if? oDv r*¾if? orm"dr*¾if[lí a'oeuúrtm;jzihf wnf&Sdonf/ usihfpOf y#dywåduúrtaetm;jzihf rl oDvjynfhpHkatmif pwifusihfoHk;aqmifwnf Mu&ojzihf oDvu a&S;OD;pGmvmonf/ oDv&Srd S orm"dwnfonf/ orm"dwnfMunfjynhfpHkrS 0dyóem ynm? r*fynmrsm; &&SdEdkifavonf/ a[mMum;jzpfpOf a'oeuúrtm;jzihfynm? oDv? orm"d/ usipfh Of y#dywåu d rú tm;jzih-f oDv? orm"d? ynm/ (c) r*¾i&f pS yf g;wdu Yk kd tenf;i,fcsUJ um;Ny;D yGm;rsm;MunfnKd Munh&f atmif/ or®m'd|-d rSeaf om tjrif? 'kau©ÓPH? 'ku©ork'a, ÓPH? 'ku© eda&ma" ÓPH? 'ku©eda&m" y#dy'g, Ó,H/ t,H 0kpöwd bdu©a0 or®m'd|d/ (opöoH,kwf) 'ku©udkodjrifjcif;? 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',udk odjrifjcif;? 'ku©csKyf&m edAÁLwm (edAÁmef) udk odjrifjcif;? 'ku©csKyf&m edAÁLwmodkY a&muf&ma&mufaMumif; vrf;aMumif;? tusihf aumif;udk rSefpGmodjrifjcif;onf ]or®m'd|d} jzpf \/ opömav;yg;udk odjrifaomynmjzpf\/ - or®m'd|d- ynm- tarm[ - or®m'd|\ d qefu Y sib f ufonf rdpmä 'd|djzpf\/ arm[jzpf\/ t0dZÆmjzpf\/ - 'kau© tÓPH? 'kuo © rk'a, tÓ PH? 'kue© ad &ma" tÓPH? 'kue© ad &m"*grdeyd #dy 'g, tÓPH? t,H0kpöwd t0dZÆm/ 'ku© rodjrifjcif;? 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork', (avmb) udk rodjrifjcif;? 'ku©csKyf&m edALÁ wm (edAmÁ ef) udk rodjrifjcif;? 'kuc© sKyNf ird ;f &m
edALÁ wmodYk a&muf&ma&mufaMumif; tusiafh umif; udk rodjrifjcif;onf ]t0dZÆm} jzpf\/ or®m'd|\ d qefu Y sib f ufonf rdpmä 'd|?d 0dZÆm\ qefYusifbufonf t0dZÆm? tarm[\qefu Y sib f ufonf arm[ omjzpfavonf/ (*) or®mouFyÜ- rSefaomtBuH ]or®mouFy}Ü - rSeaf omtBut H pnf[l onf1/ aeu©r® ouFy-Ü umr*kPt f m½Hw k Ykd rS xGufajrmufatmif BuHpnfjcif;/ 2/ tAsmyg' ouFyÜ- olwpfyg;wdkYudk rysufpD;apvdkaompdwfjzifh BuHpnfjcif;/ 3/ t0d[d o H ouFy-Ü olwpfyg;wdu Yk kd n§i;f qJvakd ompdwjf zihf rBupH nfjcif;wdjYk zpfonf/ aeu©ro ® uFyw Ü iG -f (u) 0w¬Kumr aeu©r® ouFyÜ? (c) udavomumr aeu©r® ouFyÜ [lí (2) rsdK;&Sd\/ (u) 0w¬Kumraeu©ro ® uFy[ Ü o l nfumr*kPftm½Hk0w¬KwdkYrS vGwfajrmufatmif BuHpnfjcif;jzpfonf/ (c) udavomumraeu©r®ouFyÜ onfum; udavomtm½HkwdkYrS vGwfajrmuf atmif BuHaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ (C) oDvr*¾if (3) yg; (1) or®m0gpm r*¾ifor®m0gpmjzpfatmif 0pDuaH v;yg;udk a&SmifMuOf&onf/ 0pDuHav;yg;um;u/ rkom0g' (vdrv f nfajymMum;jcif;? a&;om;jcif;/ c/ ydoP k 0gpm (cspcf ifaeolEpS Of ;D Mum; tcspfysufjym;atmif ukef;wkdufajymqdkjcif;? toif;tzGJUEdkifiHrsm;txd ysufjym;apEdkif\) */ z½ko0gpm- (Murf;wrf;,kwfrm? ½dkif;ysaompum;) C/ oræyÜvmy0gpm- (tESpfom& pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/
ynmwwfolrkduf i&Jüaysmfonf &S i f Ó P(zsmyH k ) om0w¦dNrKdUawmfwHcg;teD;rSm wHig &GmBuD;wpf&Gm&SdNyD; &Gmol&Gmom;ig;&mwkdY aexdkif Muaom&GmBuD;jzpf\/ &Gmol&Gmom;ig;&mwkdYrSm wHigvkyfief;jzihf toufarG;aeolrsm;jzpf\/ xkd&Gmol&Gmom; wHigonfig;&mwdkYrSm uóy bk&m;&Sif\omoemwGif;umvu ckd;om;"g;jy vkyfief;jzihf toufarG;cJholrsm;jzpfavonf/ uóybk & m;&S i f v uf x uf w G i f ck;d om;"g;jyb0jzihf usiv f nfusupf m;aeMupOf wpf a eY a omtcgwG i f bk & ih f t rI a wmf x rf ; ppfonf&Jrufrsm;ESihf &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u olwdkY tzGJUtm; vkdufvHzrf;qD;av&m awmeufxJodkY xGufajy;cJhMu&\/ xkdpOf awmxJü rarQmfvifh bJ awGU&aom&[ef;wpfyg;xHrS ig;yg;oDv cH,al qmufwnfvu dk Mf uNy;D aemuf rMumrDrmS yif ppfonf&JrufwdkYESihf &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;\ zrf;qD; owfjzwfjcif;ukd cHMu&avonf/ zrf;qD;owfjzwfcHMu&aom ckd;om; "g;jyrsm;rSm apmifhxdef;xm;aomoDvukd rcsKd; azmufbJ olwdkYukd owfjzwfolwdkYtm; pdwfjzihf yif rjypfrSm;bJ towfcHcJhMuonf/ xkdolwdkY onf oD v apmih f x d e f ; rI tusKd ; aus;Zl ; uk d csufcsif;cHpm;Mu&NyD; ewfjynfrSmjzpfcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ESpfqlyGihfawmfrlonhfwdkifatmifyif ewf pnf;pdrfcHpm;Mu&avonf/ ewfpnf;pdrfcHpm;aeMuaom ckd;om; "g;jywpf j zpf v J ewf o m;rsm;onf a*gwr bk&m;&Sif yGihfawmfrlvmaomtcg om0w¦d NrKdUawmf wHcg;teD;&Sd wHig&GmBuD;rS wHigonf ig;&mjzpfvmMujyef\/ xkdwHigonfrsm;onf tpd&0wDjrpfwGif;rSm ykdufuGefjzihf ig;&SmaeMu ol r sm;jzpf & m wpf a eY w G i f tvG e f v S y aom a&Ta&mif0if;aeonhf ig;BuD;wpfaumif zrf;qD; rdav&m bk&ifrif;jrwftm; qufovQif owf jzwfa&mif;csí&aom wefzkd;xuf qkawmf vmbfawmfrsm; &vdrfhrnf[k wdkifyifMuum a&Ta&mif0if;aom ig;BuD;tm; o,faqmifum aumovrif;BuD;xH qufoMuavonf/ wHigonfrsm;qufoonhf a&Ta&mif 0if;aeaom xl;qef;onhfig;BuD;ukd Munhf½I awmfr&l if; rif;Bu;D u ]]'Dig;Bu;D taMumif; bk&m; &Sifodawmfrlvdrfhr,f}} [k awG;awmBuHpnfum
trI a wmf x rf ; rsm;tm; xk d i g;BuD ; aZw0ef ausmif;odYk o,faqmif&ef rdeMYf um;Ny;D aumov rif;BuD;vnf; ig;BuD;taMumif; avQmufxm; pl;prf;&ef ausmif;awmfodkY vkdufygawmfrlcJh\/ aZw0efausmif;awmfwGif; a&muf aomtcg armyef ; EG r f ; e,f a eaomig;BuD ; yg;pyf[vkdufav&m aZw0efausmif;wkdufBuD; wpfcv k ;Hk tykyef q YH ;dk Bu;D vTr;f rk;d oGm;awmhonf/ xkdtcg om0w¦djynhf&Sif aumovrif;BuD;u]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGm bk&m;? a&Ta&miftqif;&SdwJh 'Dig;BuD;&JUyg;pyfu tykyfeHYxGuf&aomtaMumif; odvkdvSygw,f? rdefYMum;awmfrlygbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;vkduf \/ xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u]]'umawmfrif;BuD; 'Da&Tig;BuD;[m uóybk&m;omoemawmfumvu uydv trnf&SdwJh &[ef;wpfyg;jzpfayw,f? tJ'D &[ef;[m yd#uokH;ykHaqmif &[ef;jzpfw,f? pmayy&d,wfoifMum;ydkYcswJhae&mrSm *kPf owif;ausmfapmvdkY vmbfvmbaygrsm;awmh tNcHt&Haygayw,f? tJ'Dvmbfaygjcif;? tNcH t&Haygjcif;ukd taMumif;jyKNyD; rmefrmeeJY avmbw&m; wk;d yGm;vmNy;D &[ef;oHCm ax&f 0gBuD;olwdkY&JU tqkH;trMo0g'ukd rem,lbJ bk&m;tqkH;trukd ypfy,fum rtyfpyfvkdY ynwfaomt&mukd tyfpyfw,fvdkY qkdcJhw,f? tjypf&Sdw,fvdkY ynwfaomt&mukd tjypfr&Sd bl;vdkY ajymqkdcJhw,f? bk&m;u tjypf&Sdw,fvdkY ynwfwmukd olu tjypfr&Sdbl;vdkY ajymqkdcJh w,f rif;BuD;.. 'DvkdeJY uóybk&m;&Sif&JUomoem awmfvnf; wa&GUa&GU qkwf,kwfysufpD;cJh& w,f / uyd v &[ef ; vnf ; ol j yKcJ h w J h tJ ' D tukokdvfuHaMumifh aowJhtcg t0Dpdi&Jukd usa&mufc&hJ w,f/ bk&m;&Si&f UJ tqk;H trw&m; awmfrsm;ukd oifMum;ykdYcsay;jcif;? bk&m;&Sif&JU *kPfawmfwkdYukd csD;usL;cJhjcif;aMumihf a&Ttqif;
uJhokdY vSywifhw,fcJh&jcif;jzpfNyD; olY&JUpum;ukd remcHaom&[ef;wdkYtm; Budrf;armif;qJqkdcJh wmaMumihf tckvkd yg;pyfu tykyfeHYxGuf&jcif; jzpfayw,f rif;BuD;..}} [k bk&m;&Sifu a&T a&mif i g;BuD ; \ b0jzpf p Of u k d &S n f v sm;pG m rdefYMum;awmfrlvkduf\/ xkdYaemuf bk&m;&Sifu ig;Bu;D ukd rsuEf mS rl Munh½f aI wmfrv l u dk Nf y;D aemuf]]tkd- a&Ta&miftqif;&SdwJhig;BuD;? oif[m uóybk&m;vufxufawmftcgu uydv&[ef;jzpfcJhwm rSef&JUvm;}} [k ar;awmf rlvkduf&m a&Ta&mifig;BuD;u rqkdif;rwGyif ]]rSeyf gw,fb&k m;}} [k jyefvnfavQmufxm;av onf/ xkdtcg bk&m;&Sifu]]oif b,ft&yfu vmcJhygovJ}} ]]wynhfawmf t0Dpdi&Ju vmcJhyg w,fbk&m;}} ]]oih&f UJ aemifawmfBu;D om*wrax&f a&m b,fa&mufoGm;vJ}} ]]y&dedAÁmef pH0ifoGm;ygNyDbk&m;}} ]]oih&f UJ rdcif bduK© erD om"deeD YJ oihEf rS jzpfwJh bdu©KeDr wmyemwdkYaum b,fa&muf aeMuovJ}} ]]rSev f yS gbk&m; wynhaf wmfbufuae &[ef;awmfrsm;ukd 0kdif;ulqJqkday;cJhMuwm aMumihf t0Dpdi&JrSm usa&mufaeMuygw,f}} ]]tck oifb,fuo dk mG ;rvJ tkd ig;Bu;D }} ]]wynhfawmf t0Dpdi&Jud oGm;&rSmyg t&Sifbk&m;}} ig;Bu;D \b0ZmwfaMumif;ukd aumif; pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/
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arwåmw&m;ESihf,SOfum opömw&m;eJYaeyg tyÜ r m'Mobmo-oxk H
(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tyd k i f ; (7) av;yg;£&d , m rQwpG m jzih f arwåmyGm;rsm;ol[m rdrdtvdk&Sd&m £&d,mykxfeJY yGm;rsm;EdkifaMumif;udk jrwfAk'¨rS ,ck*gxmjzihf qufNyD;ñTefjyawmfrlygw,f/ wd|H p&H edodaEém 0? o,maem ,m0wmó 0dwrda'¨g? {wH owd H t"da|,s? jA[® arwH 0d[m& rd" rm[k/ pmayt& wd|H 0g- &yfvsufaomf vnf;aumif;? p&H 0g- oGm;vsufaomfvnf; aumif;? edoad Eém 0g- xdik v f suaf omfvnf;aumif;? o,maem 0g- tdyfvsufaomfvnf;aumif;? ,m0wm- tMuifrQavmuf? 0dwrda'¨g- uif;aom tdyfidkufcsijf cif;&So d nf? tó-jzpf&m\/ txidkufrsn;f jcif;uif; xdt k csed t f wGi;f ü? {wH owd H -xdkarwåm,SOfbd psmefowdudk? t"da|,s- pGJNrJ ruGm aqmufwnf&m\/ £"- þbk&m;omo emawmfü? {wH- þarwåmruif; psmefjzihaf ejcif; udk? jA[®H- xl;jrwfaom? 0d[m&H -aejcif;rsdK;[l í? tm[k- jrwfbk&m;wdkY a[mMum;awmfrlukef NyD}} vdkY vm&Sdygw,f/ a&SUykid ;f u *gxmrsm;eJY arwåmyGm;rsm; ol ESv;kH oGi;f xm;&S&d r,hf oabmw&m;tao; pdyfudk vrf;ñTefa[mMum;awmfrlNyD;wJhaemuf tck*gxmeJY arwåmyGm;jcif;udk b,fvdkaexdkifrI ykHpHrsdK;eJYrqdk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfEdkifaMumif; xyfrH vrf;ñTeq f ;kH rawmfrx l m;wmygyJ/ *gxm&JUqdkvdk&if;u arwåmbm0em yGm;rsm;vdkol[m &yfvsufjzpfap? oGm;vsufjzpf ap? xdkifvsufjzpfap? tdyfvsufjzpfap? idkufrsOf; tdycf sijf cif;uif;aewJt h csed rf mS xdak rwåmESi, hf OS f
aom psmefowdudk pGJNrJpGmtm;xkwfBudK;pm;ae& r,f/ þjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\omoemawmfrSm þuJhodkY arwåmpsmefowdjzihfaejcif;udk xl;jrwf aomaejcif; (jA[®0d[m&) rsdK;jzihfaeolvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifwdkY a[mMum;awmfrlcJhMuyg w,fvdkY qdkvdkxm;ygw,f/ £&d,mykxfav;yg;jzpfwJh &yf? oGm;? xdkif? avsmif; wpfckckrSm rdrdtvdk&SdwJh £&d,m ykxfjzihf tdyfpufvdkjcif;uif;aeorQ tcsdefwkdif; arwåmyGm;rsm;aeavh&Sdoludk jA[®mrsm;uJhodkY aexkdifol? jrwfaomaejcif;jzihf &Sifoefoljzpf aMumif; cs;D usL;*kPw f ifvw kd t hJ wGuv f nf; tck vdk xkwfazmfa[mMum;awmfrlcJhwmyg/ owd y |mef w &m; (4) yg; 'Dae&mrSm taMumif;tusdK;qufpyf aevdkY r[mowdy|meokwfvm um,mEkyó em £&d,myxyAÁyikd ;f rSm jyqdx k m;wJh oGm;? &yf? xd k i f ? avsmif ; qd k w J h £&d , myk x f a v;yg;ud k qifjcifvsuf w&m;tm;xkwfrIyHkpHeJY wGJpyfajym vdyk gw,f/ rnfonhu f r®|mef;bm0emrqdk pwif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfptcsdefrSm orm"d aumif; aumif; rwnfao;ygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk orm"dtm; raumif;ao;wJhtcsdefrSm xderd'¨vdkYac:wJh ur®|mef;tm½Hkudk taESmuft,Sufay;wwfwJh tukov kd af pwoduEf pS yf g;aMumihf xdik ;f xdik ;f rdiI ;f rdIif;eJY tdyfcsifjcif;? idkufrsOf;jcif;awGudk jzpfap wwfygw,f/ ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;rItavhtvmrsm;vm wmeJYtrQ pdwfwnfMunfrIorm"dtm;vnf; wd;k wufaumif;rGev f mygw,f/ orm"dtm;aumif; vmwJt h cgrSm ur®|mef;tm½Hu k kd taESmuft,Suf ay;wwfwhJ ed0&Pw&m;qd;k awGvnf; uif;pif vmygw,f/ rdrd½IrSwfyGm;rsm;aewJh ur®|mef; tm½Hrk mS owduvnf; pGNJ ru J yfwnfaeavawmh oGm;jcif;? &yfjcif;? xdkifjcif;? avsmif;jcif; (tdyf jcif;) qdw k hJ £&d,mykxaf v;yg;rSm b,f£&d,m ykxrf sKd ;eJrY qdk ½Irw S Ef ikd Nf yv D Ykd qd&k ygw,f/ idu k rf sO;f jcif;? tdyfcsifjcif;awGvnf;uif;NyD; pdwftpOf
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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ouFef;*kPf&nfav;rsKd;ESihf tEkavmrouFef; 'getusKd;av;yg; armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) t&[wå " ZH ao|H ? ed ó ,H Ak ' ¨ o moae 'k u © y Ü a rmpeH oEÅ ? yl Z d w H p D 0 &H 'a'/ ao|H-atmifvHwHcGef jrwftrGefwdkYxuf tjrwfqHk; trGefqHk; jzpfayaom? t&[wå"ZH-tmoa0guif;uGm bk&m; yapöuAk'¨g &[EÅm wdkY\ r*Fvma&mifvQH atmifvHwHcGef tppfjzpfayxaom? Ak'¨omoae -tHhzG,ftHhzG,f&SpfaxGjrwfy&ar bk&m;omoemawmfBuD;ü? edó,Hwnf&mwoD; rS&D mBu;D jzpfayxaom? 'kuy© aÜ rmpeH-aomPkw&å "ed,ESifh em*rif;usef t&if;cHvsuf &efrmef½w I af xG;aornfh ab;'kur© S rkcsyakH o vGwaf jrmufapwwfxaom? oEÅyZl w d -H bk&m;avmif; tp&Sad om olawmf oljrwftaygif;wdkYonf ñTwfaysmif;OD;cdkuf ylaZmftyf ylaZmfxdkufayx aom? pD0&H- ,if;odkY*kPfyef; jynhfpHkrGrf;onfh ouFef;wnf;[laom t0wfx;l t0wfjrwfu?kd 'a' 'a',s- tusK;d a0jzm ya'omrkYd apwem azG;jzL ay;vSLMu&mayownf;/ ouF e f ; awmf * k P f & nf (1) xdkouFef;onf bk&m;? yapöuAk'¨g? &[EÅmt&SifjrwfBuD;wdkY\ udavomatmifvH wHcGefrSefjzpfyg\/ vl0wfaMumif wpfa,muf ,aeY &[EÅmjzpfonfqdkygu ,aeYyifouFef;0wf&ygrnf/ tu,fí ouFef; r0wfygu ,aeYyify&dedAÁmefpH0if&onf/ ouFef;0wfvdkufygu touf xufqHk;wnfaecGihf&Sdygonf/ ouFef;[lonf t&[wåzdkvfw&m;awmf udk aqmifxm;Ekdif\/ vlwdkY\ toGift0wfonf t&[wåzdkvf w&m; awmfukd raqmifxm;Ekid af y/ xdaYk Mumihf csucf si;f y&deAd mÁ efp0H if&avonf/ (2) qGr;f ? ouFe;f ? ausmif;? aq;ypön;f av;yg;wdo Yk nf omoem\ wnf&mrSD&m y"me0w¬Kypönf;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf ouFef;[lonf omoemawmfü r&Sdrjzpfaom omoeedó,0w¬Kypönf;txGwftjrwf jzpfygonf/ (3) ouFef;onf aoab;paom ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkYudk umuG,fEkdif \/ aomEkw¬dK&frkqdk;/ opfcdk;aom &Sif"ed, &[ef;/ *VKefu zrf;&efvdkuf ojzihf bk&m;avmif;\ ouFef;xJodkYajy;0ifcdkvHIaom e*g; jrefrmhordkif; üxif&Sm;aom usefppfom;rif;wdkYonf om"ujyp&mjzpf\/ þyk*¾dKvfav;OD;wdkYonf aoab;rSuif;vGwfcJhMuaMumif;jzihf Zmwfawmfüvm&Sdonf/ aomPkw¬dK&frkqdk;onf q'´efqifrif;udk jrm;jzihf rdefYqdkawmfrljcif;jzpf\/ 'k v ’ b ES p f y g;wk d u f ½ d k u f a zmf j yjcif ; þü Ak'¨KyÜg' 'kv’bESihf twd'kv’bo'¨g[lí 'kv’bESpfyg;wdkY wkduf½dkufvm\/ o'¨gtwd'kv’b[laom ygXfjzihf? o'¨gorÜwåd'kv’budk wdu k ½f u kd jf yqdyk gonf/ xdaYk Mumihf 'kvb ’ mo'¨gorÜw[ då al om 'kvb ’ o½kyf udk aumif;pGm,HkMunfvufcHxkdufygonf/ þonfvnf; axmufxm; pOf;pm;p&mtcsufjzpfayonf/ þodkYvQif 'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wdkYudk jy&mwGif? 'kv’bmo'¨gorÜ wåd[k jyqdkrSom? txufüjyqdkcJhaom ,kwådom"uwdkYjzihf ckdifrmpGm ,HkMunfxdkufaMumif; odrSwftyfayownf;/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)
ypfNyD;aemuf ouFef;NcHKxm;\/ bk&m;avmif;qifrif;uawGU&Sdaomtcg t&["Zwnf;[laom ouFef;udktaMumif;jyKí aoab;rS vGwf&\/ "ed, &Sif&[ef;onf rif;\opfwdkYudk cdk;,lrIaMumihf &mZ0wf oihaf omtcg Adro Ád m&rif;onf t&["Zjzpfaom ouFe;f ud½k akd oonf jzpfí rif;jypfab;'PfrS vGwfapvdkufonf/ tvm;wl bk&m;avmif;\ ouFe;f yHx k o J Ykd 0ifyek ;f aeaom e*g; udk *VKeo f nf ouFe;f udk ½fakd oí rzrf;rowfawmhyJ vTwv f u kd af yonf/ yk*Hacwfu usefppfrif;onfvnf; udk,f0efonfb0upí rif;avmif;ay:onfqdkum rif;avmif;xifolrSeforQwdkYudk zrf;qD;owf jzwfap&m ¤if;tm; ouFef;0wfjzihf zrf;qD;rdvmaomtcg taemf&xm rif;onf t&["ZouFef;udk ½dkaoaomaMumihf rzrf;qD;rowfjzwfap bJ ab;rJch sr;f omay;vku d af Mumif; yk*&H mZ0ifwiG t f xift&Sm;&Sad v onf/ (4) t&["ZouFe;f [lonfum; bk&m;? yapöuAk'g¨ ? &[EÅm t&Sif jrwfwdkY\ t0wfouFef;jzpfí vlwdkYtzdkYt&m y&dabm*apwDxdkufo jzihf ylaZmfOD;cdkufOD;ñTwfxdkufygayonf/ þonfwdkYum; ouFef;\ *kPf&nfav;rsKd;wdkYaywnf;/ tEk a vmr jrwf o uF e f ; \ 'getusKd ; av;yg; (1) t&["ZatmifvHwHcGefjzpfygaom ouFef;awmfudk vSLMu&aom olwdkYonf b0xdkxdk oHo&mwpfcdkü ajymqdkjyKrlvkyfaqmifBuHpnfrI rSef orQ atmifvHvTihfwif atmifyef;qif&jcif;tusKd;udk &&Sdayonf/ (1) t&["ZatmifvHwHcGefjzpfygaom ouFef;awmfudk vSLMu&aom olwo Ykd nf b0xdx k o kd o H &mwpfcükd ajymqdjk yKrv l yk af qmifBupH nfrrI eS o f rQ atmifvHvTihfwif atmifyef;qif&jcif;tusKd;udk &&Sdayonf/ (2) omoemawmf\ wnf&mrS&D mjzpfaom ouFe;f awmfukd vSL'gef;ylaZmf MuygvQif aemifb0rsm;pGmwdkYü rSDcdktm;xm;&m yk*¾dKvfwdkYudk &&Sdí trsm; \tm;udk;csD;ajr§mufjcif;udk cH,l&&Sdaom tusKd;udk&&Sdonf/ (3) ab;tEÅ&m,fwu Ykd kd umuG,w f m;qD;ay;aom ouFe;f awmfukd vSL'gef; ylaZmf&aomaMumihf jzpfav&mb0wdüYk ab;&efcyford ;f uif;Nird ;f onfjzpf í csrf;omjcif;okc r*FvmtjzmjzmwdkYESihf jynhfpHk&aomtusKd;udk &&Sday onf/ (4) vlewfjA[®mowå0gcyford ;f wd\ Yk &Scd ;kd ylaZmfxu kd af om þjrwfouFe;f udk vSL'gef;&aomaMumihjf zpfav&mb0wdüYk jrifjh rwfaom *kPu f suo f a& taygif; canmif;aom yk*¾dKvfxl;jzpf&av\/ r[mok w 'D y PD u srf ; vmvuF m aqmif y k ' f atmifvHouFef;? ay;vSL'gef;? 0ifh<um;atmifvHawmf/ Ak'¨omoem? wnfrSD&m? av;jzmypönf;awmf/ ouFef;rSD&m? ay;vSLyg? 0dkif;umcsD;ajr§mufaomf/ ab;&efOy'f? uif;apwwf? tjrwfouFef;awmf/ ab;uif;ouFef;? ay;vSL'gef;? at;csrf;ab;uif;aomf/ ½dkaoñTwfc? &Sdcdk;&? y&dabm*apwDawmf/ y&dabm*uFef;? ay;vSL'gef;? 0dkif;0ef;ñGwfylaZmf/ *kPf&nfav;cef;? tusKd;qef;? ouFef;tvSLawmf/ armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)
DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
19
tarha<u;ausapzkdY Ak a '¨ g &o-t&S i f £ E´ m p&d , (aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&-arS m f b D ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tarh o m;wpf O D ; \tarh t m; rarh w &m;a[mjcif ; tarum; rMumrMum a&m*gzdp;D 'kuB© u;D pGm cHpm;ae&onfudk awGUae&onf/ aq;q&mukd tojymay;íukaomfvnf; aysmufcsD wpfcg? emcsDwpfvSnhfjzihf a&m*gESdyfpufí ttdyfysuf tpm;ysuf tm;tifucsdeJY om;twGuf orD;twGuf? pD;yGm;twGuf yl&wufu i,fxdyfwuf pdwfysufp&m trl t&mrsm;jzihf vl;vSdrfhcHpm;ae&onfukd awGUjrif ae&aom tarhom; tarhukd,fpm; 0ifa&muf cHpm;Munhf xGufaygufr&Sd ydef;ydef;ydwfrd rcsdrqHh vl;vSdrfhcHpm;rdonf/ odkYjzpfí tarcHpm;&aom tarh 'ku© arG;prSpí b0ed*kH; wdkifatmif vSrf;ajrmfMunhfrdaomtcg ZmwdcE¨mb0 'ku©awGUae& onfukd wzef om;orD; pD;yGm; paom tarh 'ku©BuD;u xyfqihfykd;í xm;aomaMumifh tarh crsm rdef;rom;jzpfaomfvnf; e*dk'ku©? tykd'ku©? tidk'ku©rsm; ½IyfyGpGm cHpm;ae&onf/ þtarh'ku©rsKd;pkHukd tarhom; tarhukd,fpm; 0ifa&mufcHpm; ay;vkd\/ odkYaomf vnf; obm0w&m;udk tcpm;vkyfí r&jzpf yg\/ tarh'ku© Nidrf;csrf;a&; vrf;rSefarQmfMunhfaomf 'ku©rsKd;pkH tvkH;pkHukd Nidrf;at;aom aq;aumif;um; Ak'¨bmomawmfrSvGJí tjcm;bmom xJ&Smaeí awGUrnfr[kwf/ tarh'ku© rsKd;pkHum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "ar®m o"aq;r[m aomufu rku©saysmufrnfjzpf\/ tarhvnf; a&m*g aysmufrnfqo dk jzihf aomufv\ dk / odaYk omfvnf; tarESifh "ar®mo"aq; tvSrf;a0; aeojzihf taraomufjcif;aomfvnf; raomufEkdifcJh&acs/ xkdtcg tarESihf þaq;aomufEkdif a&;twGuf tarhem;u tarhom;ajy;oGm;í a&m*gaysmufaq;0,f,lauR;u taraomuf vkduf&vQif a&m*g&Siftar a&m*gawGaysmuf av&m\/ þtawG;um; tarhom;wGif udef;0yfaevQifomwnf;/ tarha&m*gBu;D zdp;D cHpm; Ni;D wGm; vsuf rcsrd qefjY zpfae&aom tar\tem;&S d tarh o m;onf tarh a &m*gaysmuf a &;twG u f tarh u k d x m; aq;0,f t ajy;oG m ;í &S m azG 0 ,f , l j cif ; onf tarh twGuo f mjzpf\/ tar onfvnf; tarhom;a&m*gaysmufaq; 0,f,l jyeftvmukd arQmfaernfjzpf\/ tarhom; vnf; tarhukd rcGJcsifayr,fh tarha&m*g aysmufa&;arQmfawG;í ta0;xGufcJh&onhf yrmwnf;/ tarhom;rsm;onf tarhtm; a&m*gaysmufa&; Nidrf;csrf; aq;ukd tajy;0,f,lum tarhxHjyeftvmukd tarum; apmihfpm;ae acsaygh/ tarhom;rsm;uvnf; a&m*gaysmufNyD; raoaq; "ar®mo"ukd &,lvsuf tarhtwGufomjzpfownf;/ taronf usef ; rma&;b,f v k d y if raumif ; apumrl tarhom;um; tarhtwGuf raoaq;&SmazGay;&ef tarhtm;xm;um c&D;xGucf o hJ nf/ tarharG;auR;jyKp&k aoma<u;xuf tarraoa&;aq; &SmNyD;auR;&ef tarhom;twGuf a<u;wifcJh&onf/
,ckavmuwGif arharsmaeaom tartm; jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf aeaomom;onf tarh \ rarh a &m*gaysmuf v suf owd & aq; (rarhaq;) &Sm,la<u;&ef tarhtem;ucGmvsuf ]]tara& rMumcif tarhaysmufaq;vmauR;ygrnf}} [kajymvsuf aq;&SmxGufaom vdr®maomom;uJhodkYomwnf;/ tarh o m;onf v nf ; tar\'k u © r sKd ; pk H rMunh f ½ I & uf v k d vGwu f u G v f rf;? ZGwx f u G v f rS ;f vsuf aq;&SmxGucf jhJ cif;jzpf\/ (0g) tar \ tarha&m*gaysmuf&eftwGuf Ak'¨jrwfpGm bk&m;\ rarhaom owdy|mef "ar®mo"aq; &SmauR;vko d jzihf tarhtem;ü þpum;av;ukd pmom;av;jzihf a&;om;í tarhrSmxm;cJhygonf/ tarh x H *wd 0 ef c H a <u; tar&,f (taz&,f) vlYb0 &onfqkdwJhtcsdefuwnf;u aocsmpGm tESpfom& &SmMunhfawmh opömu b,frjrif? v,fjyifuGif;wD;wD; oDcsif;nD;nD;eJY avmifrD;'ku© [kwfvS wu,fxif tyg,fwGif vnf; tpOftNrJ txifvGJum tESpfom& &SmrSr&SmMu wPSmu wigig rmeu pdwfrSm jzm t0dZÆmuydwfaewm todyg vrf;qkH;&Sm awmh udavomzkH;vTrf; rsufuef;yrm a&muf av&m olaysmfjrL; olt½l;wdkYESihfwlaewm/ tar/ jrif;rkd&fawmifOD; ruusL;onhf aus;Zl;BuD;rm; rdbwdkYtm; w&m;tESpf &SmBuH usihfvsuf tESpfom& jynhfpkHvSaom w&m;jzihf om jyefvnfí aus;Zl;a<u; ay;qyfygrnf jzpfaMumif;/ ykH tarhom; þpmom;av;u uAsm vuFm ponfrsm;uJhodkY txm;todk toGm;tvm rSerf rSeu f akd wmh xm;ygavOD;/ om;ESit fh ar (taz)rsm;wdYk twG u f rarh w &m;&S m a&;twG u f pd w f x uf o ef p G m jzih f tarh o m; wpfa,mufa&m*gzdpD;NyD; ypönf;rjynhfpkHaom tartaztm; xm;vsuf &[ef;0wf&ef xGufcgeD; a&;oGm;aom tarhom;\ &ifwGif;jzpfuAsm av; jzpfayonf/ cE¨m'ku©awGUBuKH&aom qif;&J'PfcHpm;cJh&mrS ay:aygufvmaom cHpm;csuf pmom;av;jzpfyg\/ xd k t arh o m;ES i h f tar? tazwd k Y \ b0jzpf & yf r S e f u k d pmom;av;u azmfusL;jyae onf/ ,if; tarhom;wdrYk o d m;pkonf NrKUd ESifh a0;aom awm&Gmuav;rSmaeMuonf/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;u a0;vS o nf / 0gqk d 0gacgif q k d v Qif a&awG B uD ; vk d Y oajyoD ; rS n h f aumufpdkYuG,fqkdaom &GmrsKd;jzpf\/ aps;reD; uGif;BuD;tv,frSm wnfaeonf/ ukid ;f uRe;f ? v,f,m awmifov l ,form;b0jzihf touf arG ; aeMuonf / aEG r k d ; aqmif ; awG cgcgajymif ; cJ h a omf v nf ; awmif o l v ,f o rm;wd k Y b 0u v,f t aMumif ; ? ,mtaMumif ; ? ta[mif ; topf r sm;üom pd w f e pf a e&&S m onf / wpf E S p f w pf c g pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI
20
"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u
aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq
a&;om;jyKpka
aAm"dyu
THE BODHIPAK O THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORS by Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw,
TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) (*) or®yÜ"mef 4- yg; or® y Ü " mef q d k o nf u m;]]bkoH '[wd 0[wDwd y"meH? or®a'0 y"meH or®yÜ"meH}}/ bkoH? vGefpGm/ '[wd 0[wd- &Gufaqmifwwf\/ £wdþodaYk omtaMumif;aMumih/f y"meH- y"mernf\/ or®a'0- aumif;pGm omvQif/ y"meH- vGefpGm&Gufaqmifwwfaom w&m;onf/ or®yÜ"meHor®yÜ"mefrnf\/ wGew Yf jkd cif;r&Sad om 0D&, d udk or®y"Ü mefqo kd nf? tmwmy0D&, d vnf;ac:\/ tm;xkwrf t I &mü vGepf mG tyltyef tyiftyef;cHEikd af om 0D&d,[lvdk? t*Fgav;yg;ESihf jynhfpHkaom 0D&d,\ trnfcsnf;wnf;/ t*Fgav;yg;udkrlum;]]umrH wapmp ESm½kp t|dp t0odówk/ Oyokówk ar o&Da& rHoavm[dwH/ ,H wH yk&doxmare yk&do y&uúare ywåAÁH/ e wH ywGm 0D&d,ó oP²meH b0dówd}} [lí a[mawmfrl\/ ar- ig\? o&D a &- ud k , f ü / wapmp- ta&onf vnf;aumif;/ ESm½kp- taMumonfvnf;aumif;/ t|dp- t½dk;onf vnf;aumif;/ t0 odówk- <uif;useaf vap/ rHoavm[dw-H tom;ç taoG;[lorQonf/ umrH- pifppf/ Oyokówk- cef;ajcmufuek af vap/ ,HwH- tMuifpsmefç r*fç zdkvfw&m;rnfonfudk/ yk&doxmarea,musfm;wdkY\tpGrf;jzihf/ ywåA®H- a&mufxdkuf\/ wH- xdkpsmefç r*fç zdkvfudk/ tywGm- ra&mufonf &Sdaomf/ 0D&d,ó? 0D&d,\/ oP²mefeH? wefY&yfjcif;onf/ e b0dówd? rjzpfvwåHU/ (teuf) 1/ ta&<uif;ap t*Fgwyg;? 2/ taMum<uif;ap t*Fgwyg;? 3/ t½dk;<uif;ap t*Fgwyg;? 4/ tom;ç taoG; tukefcrf;ajcmufap t*Fgwyg;/
(Continue from last week) ( III) The Four Sammappadha-nas The definition of sammappadha-na is–– "Bhusam. dahati vahatiti padha-nam., sammadevapadha-nam. sammappadha-nam. (Can carry out exceedingly; hence it is called padha-na. Dhammas that can carry out properly and exceedingly; hence they are called sammappadha-na.) Effort that has not in it any element of unwillingness is called sammappadha-na. It is also called a-ta-pa viriya. It is effort that can evoke the taking of great pains physically and mentally. It is effort that posesses four characteristics. These four characteristics are: Ka-mam. taco ca nha-ru ca, at.t.hi ca avasissatu, sar1-re upasussatu mam.salohitam., yam tam purisatha-mena purisaviriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbam. na tam. apapunitva- v1-riyassa san.t.ha-nam. bhavissati. (Let only my skin and sinews and bones remain, and let my flesh and blood in the body dry up, I shall not permit the course of my effort to stop until I win that which may be won by human ability, human effort and human exertion.) These characteristics may be summed up as follows: 1. Let the skin remain 2. Let the sinews remain 3. Let the bones remain 4. Let the flesh and blood dry up It is effort that calls forth the determination, "If the end is attainable by human effort, I shall not rest or relax until it is attained, until th e end is grasped and reached. "It is the effort of the kind put forth by the Venerable Bhikkhu Son.a and the Vener-
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/
21
usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
awmfrlaom
u©, d 'DyeD
KKHIYA DIPANI R S LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENT y Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.
o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. þum;- or®yÜ"mef 0D&d,\ t*Fgav;yg;wnf;/ 0D&d,udk tm;xkwfEdkifvQif &xkdufaomw&m;rsdK;om rSefygap/ r&orQ igrae? rayguforQ igrae? ra&muforQ igrae? 0D&d,udk ravQmhNyD[k t&Sif aomPax&fç t&Sifpu©Kygvax&fwdkYuJhodkYjzpfaom 0D&d,rsdK;wnf;/ 0D&, d rIrmS urf;ukeaf tmif vTwrf w I nf;/ þuJo h Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m; xm;awmf rlcahJ om 0D&, d tydik ;f tjcm;udk aoonhaf eYwikd f jynhrf aDS tmif tm;xkwyf g vsuf psmefç r*fç zkv d w f &m;udk r&Edik &f cdS v hJ Qio f m acwfor,udk csvv kd Qif csoihf\/ 'Gd[dwfpdwfudk csvdkvQifcsoihf\/ yg&rDudk csvdkvQif csxdkuf\/ jzpf a jrmuf a tmif t m;rxk w f M u ,ckavmuü tcsdKUaomolwdkYonfum; jrwfpGmbk&m;xm; awmfrcl ahJ om 0D&, d tydik ;f tjcm;udk tjynfrh aDS tmif tm;xkwrf rI mS a0;pG? yuwdaom pdwfavpdwfvGihfç pdwf½l;pdwfaemufudk aysmufNidrf;ap&ef um,*wmowdrIudkrQ jzpfajrmufatmif tm;rxkwfMubJvsuf tcsdKU olwu Ykd m; r*fç zdv k u f kd &xku d af om tcgr[kwí f r&Edik Mf uonf[k ajymqdk Muukef\/ tcsdKUolwdkYum; &xdkufaom yg&rDr&SdMuí r&Edkifonf[k ajymqdkMuukef\/ tcsdKUolwdkYum; ,ckumvü 'Gd[dwfom;awGjzpfí r&EdkifMu[k ajymqdkMuukef\/ tvGeftm;xkwfrS&Edkifaom ae,syk*¾dKvf wd\ Yk acwfumvü or®y"Ü mef 0D&, d tcsKd ;usatmif y[dwwå pdwx f m;ESifh tm;xkwfMuygukefrlum; vlwpfaxmiftm;xkwfvQif oHk;&mç av;&mç ig;&m- ponf? vlwpf&mtm;xkwv f Qif oH;k usyd çf av;usyd çf ig;usyd f ponf {uefxajrmuf aygufa&mufMuukef&m\/ y[dwwåpdwfqdkonfum;þtvkyfESihf þwpfouf[k wpdwfwnf;csxm;í tm;tifr,kwf tpGrf; xkwfrIwnf;/ or® y Ü " mef r jzpf E d k i f M u &SifaomPrax&fonf 0gwGif;oHk;vywfvHk; tdyfrIr&Sd? xdkifrIç pBuo ø mG ;rIEiS fh tm;xkw\ f / &Sipf u©Kygvvnf; xdt Yk wl? zkóa'0rax&f onf xdkuJhodkY 25- ESpfwkdifwkdif tm;xkwfrS&\/ r[mod0rax&fonf
able Cakkhupa-la. It is only when the Jha-nas, the Paths, and the Fruits are not attained after effort is put forth on this scale, as prescribed by the Buddha, throughout one's life, can it be said that the cause (of the failure) lies in the nature of the present times, or in one being dvihetuka (born with two root conditions only), or in one's lack of sufficient previously accumulated pa-ra-mi-. In this world, some persons, far from putting forth the full scale of the effort prescribed by the Buddha, do not even try to set up ka-yagata-sati effectively in order to cure their minds of aimless drifting, and yet they say that their failure to attain the Paths and the Fruits is due to the fact that these are times that preclude such attainment. There are others of the same class who say that men and women of the present day have not the necessary accumulation of para-mi- to enable them to attain the Paths and the Fruits is due to the fact that these are times that preclute such attainment. There are others of the same class who say that men and women of the present day have not the necessary accumulation of para-mi- to enable them to attach the Paths and the Fruits. There are yet others of the same class who say that men and women of the present day are dvihetuka. All these people say so because they do not know that these are times of the Neyya class of individuals who fail to attain the Paths and the Fruits because they are lacking in sammappadha-na effort. If proper sammappadha-na effort be put forth with pahitatta intention, where a thousand put forth effort, three, four, or five hundred of them can attain the supreme achievement; fif ahundred put forth effort, thirty, forty, or fifty of them can attain the supreme achievement. Here, pahittatta intention means "determination to adhere to the effort throughout one's life and to die, if need be, while still making the effort." The Venerable Sona Thera's effort consisted of keeping awake throughout the three months of the vassa- (Rainy Season), the only body postures adopted being sitting and walking. The
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DIPANI
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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/
tdyfrIudky,f&Sefí tESpfoHk;q,ftm;xkwfrS&\/ ,ckumvü xdkuJhokdY aom or®yÜ"mwfrIonf tvGefBuD;vdkíaeMu\/ tm;xkwfMuolwdkYrSm vnf; y&d,wådÓPfynm tm;ao;vsufaeMu\/ y&d,wådÓPfynm tvdrrf m&SMd uolwrYkd mS vnf; NrKd U&GmrSmaevQif NrKd Ubke;f ç &Gmbke;f Bu;D rI? awm awmifrSmaevQif awmbkef;ç awmifbkef;BuD;rIç w&m;"r®ajyma[mrIç usrf;*ef"r®a&;om;rIç yvdaAm"BuD;awGESihf aeMuukef\/ ESpf&Snfvrsm; woGefwnf;oGm;aom or®yÜ"mef0D&d,rjzpfEdkifMuukef/ tcsKd Uolwu Ykd m; yg&rDjynho f jzihf uRwcf sed u f saomtcg tvG,f wulESihf uRwf&vdrhfrnf/ ,cktcg &rnf- r&rnfudk rodbJESihf tyef; rcHEikd [ f k ,ck tyef;cH&rnfukd aMumufMuuke\ f / tvG,w f ul uRwcf iG fh odYk ra&mufrt D Mum;• tyg,fi&JoYkd tESpw f pfoed ;f ponfusí i&Jr;D wGi;f rSm ae&rnf'h u k E© iS fh ,ckbm0emtvkyEf iS hf tESpo f ;kH q,fyef;rIonf i&Jü oH;k em&Dyef;rIavmuf rqd;k 0g;? ,cktESpo f ;kH q,ftyef;cHvQif xdt k yg,fus rIrS {uEÅvw G v f rd rhf nf odovm;? rvGwv f Qif twlwyl if [ljim;tH?h uRwf xdkufvQif ,ckb0üyif uRwfvdrfhrnf/ ,ckb0 ruRwfxkdufao;vQif aemufb0ü uRwfvdrhfrnf/ þbk&m;omoemü ruRwf&aomfvnf; tESpfoHk;q,f tyef;cH&aom bm0emtmpdPÖuHonf tvGefBuD;us,f aomuHjzpfí tyg,fusjcif;r&SdbJ ok*wdb0 tqufqufESihfyif aemufb&k m;udk awGUvdrrfh nf/ tm;rxkwb f J aeMuolwrYkd mS tESpo f ;kH q,f tyef;rcHEikd Mf uygvQif ,ckb0 ,ckb&k m;omoemü uRwx f u dk o f jl zpfMu ukefaomfvnf; ruRwfMuukefNyD/ tm;rxkwfbJ aeMuonhftwGuf wpHk wpfcrk Q wGuaf jcr&S?d ½I;H rIBu;D oufoufomjzpf\/ ynmowd&MdS uapuke?f xdkor®yÜ"mefonf vdktyfaomtusdK;tjym;tm;jzihf av;yg;&Sd\/ 1/ OyÜEémeH tukovmeH "r®meH y[mem, 0g,marm/ 2/ tEkyÜEémeH tukovmeH "r®meH tEkyÜg'g, 0g,marm/ 3/ tEkyÜEémeH ukovmeH "r®meH OyÜg'g, 0g,marm/ 4/ OyÜEémeH ukovmeH "r®meH bda,smbm0g, 0g,marm/ 1/ OyÜEmé eH? rdro d EÅmefüjzpfNy;D jzpfqJ jzpfuek af om/ tukovm eH "r®meH? tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk/ y[mem,? y,fjcif;iSm/ 0g,marm? tm;xkwfjcif;vnf;aumif;/ 2/ tEkyEÜ mé eH? rdro d EÅmefü a&SUodjYk zpfvwåUH ukeaf om/ tukovm eH "r®meH? tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk/ tEkyÜg'g,? aemifb0tqufquf w&H wqpfrQ rdrdoEÅmefrSm rjzpfvmapjcif;iSm/ 0g,marm/ tm;xkwfjcif; vnf;aumif;/ 3/ tEkyÜEémeH? rdrdoEÅmefü rjzpfbl;ao;ukefaom/ ukovmeH "r®meH? ukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk/ OyÜg'g,? rdrdoEÅmefü jzpfjcif;iSm/0g,marm? tm;xkwfjcif;vnf;aumif;/ 4/ OyÜEémeH? rdrdoEÅmefü jzpfNyD;jzpfqJ jzpfukefaom/ ukovmeH "r®meH? ukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk/ bda,smbm0g,? ed,mrtjzpfodkY a&mufap &ef vGefpGmBuD;yGm;apjcif;iSm/ 0g,marm? tm;xkwfjcif;vnf;aumif;/ þum; or®yÜ"m0D&d,av;yg;wnf;/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)
Venerable Cakkhupala's effort was of the same order. The Venerable Phussadeva Thera achieved the Paths and the Fruits only after twenty-five years of the same order of effort. In the case of the Venerable Maha-siva Thera, the effort lasted thirty years. At the present day, there is a great need for such kind of sammappadhana effort. It happens that those who put forth the effort have not sufficient foundations in th pariyatti (Learning of the Doctrine.) While those who possess sufficient pariyatti foundations live involved in the palibodhas (obstacles) of the business of Bhikkhus, according as they live in towns and villages, such as discussing the Dhamma, delivering sermons and discourses, and writing books on the Dhamma. They are persons who are unable to put forth sammappadha-na effort for lengthy periodd without a break. Some persons are wont to say that when their pa-ra-mi-s become mature and the time becomes ripe for them to attain release from wordly ills, they can easily obtain that release and that as such, they cannot put forth effort now when they are not certain whether or not that effort will result in release. They do not appear to compare the suffering occasioned by thirty years effort now with the suffering they will encounter if, in the interim before they attain release, they are cast in the hell regions for a hundred thousand years. They do not appear to remember that the suffering occasioned by thirty years effort is not as bad as the suffering caused by just three hours in the hell regions. They may say that the situation will be the same if no release is attained after thirty years effort. But if the person is sufficiently mature for release, he will attain that release through that effort. If he is not sufficiently mature, he will attain release within the present Buddha Sa-sana, bha-vana- a-cin.n.a kamma (the kamma of repeated effort at mental development), is a powerful kamma. Through it, he can avoid the apa-ya regions, and can meet the next Buddha after continuous rebirths in the sugati existence (Happy course of existence). In the case of those who do not put forth the effort, they will miss the opportunity of release even though they are mature enough to obtain release through thirty years effort. For lack of effort they have nothing to gain and everything to lose. Let all, therefore, acquire the Eye of Wisdom and beware of the danger. There are four kinds of sammappadha-na, namely: 1. Uppanna-nam. akusala-nam. dhamma-nam. paha-na-ya va-ya-mo 2. Anuppanna-nam. akusala-nam.dhamma-nam. anuppa-da-ya va-yamo 3. Anuppanna-nam. kusalanam. dhamma-nam. uppadaya va-yamo 4. Uppanna-nam. kusala-nam. dhamma-nam. bhiyyobha-va-ya va-yamo 1. Effort to overcome or reject evil unwholesome acts that have arisen, or are in the course of arising. 2. Effort to avoid (not only in this life but also in the lives that follow) the arising of unwholesome acts that have not yet arisen. 3. Effort to arouse the arising of wholesome acts that have not yet arisen; 4. Effort to increase and to perpetuate the wholesome acts that have arisen or are in the course of arising. (To be continue)
TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/
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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdkY ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm
omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemtyd k i f ; ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) aocgeD ; wG i f t,l c H 0 if n§ m vQif w mawmh o nf xdÓ k Pftqiho f nf tpydik ;f ? tv,fyikd ;f ? tqH;k ydik ;f [lí oH;k qihf rQ oabmxm;uGJaeacs&m.... tpydkif;wGifum; vufudkifxm;aom vu©Pmtjrifjzihf aumif;ocFg&? qkd;ocFg&rsm;rS Mum;aevdkufjcif;omjzpf\/ tv,fydkif;wGifum; rvIyfr,Suf ruvufawmhaom tyÜem orm"d\ oabmobm0twdkif; trIay:orQ igr0ifawmh&um; - xkdigum; Mum;aeyrm- orm"dvlBuD;t&m0ifvm\/ - xkdigum; yGJMunhform;yrm- ododae½kHrQom ,SOf\/ rnfonhft&mr[l olYoabmolaqmifjyvsufuom &Sdbd\/ okc? 'ku©rESdyfpuf at;Nidrf;vsufuom &Sdbd\/ odkYaMumihf aumif;qk;d ESpcf k Oayu©mjyK qufqEH idk v f mNyjD zpf&m avmu"HEiS afh wGUwkid ;f vQif pkd;&drfjcif;uif;\/ wyfrufjcif;uif;\/ aMumihfusylyefjcif;vnf; uif;\/ uif;aomfNidrf; Nidrf;awmhat;\/ xkOd ayu©mat;onf avmuDpnf;pdrw f w Ykd iG f txGwt f xdyyf if jzpf&m a,m*Donf arS;vsufuom cHpm;aeavh&Sdvmwwfjyef\/ xkOd ayu©mtat;ukyd if arS;cHpm;aewwfaomaMumihf þÓPf tqihf0,f txpftaighhjzpfum MuefYMumaewwfvSacs\/ txuftqiho f Ykd rSaD paom Adv k t f m;wdYk rnDrQjcif;aMumihv f nf; MuefYMumaewwfvSacs\/ jzpfysufjrifÓPf pm;usufÓPf oGufo avmuf vku d yf gpl;prf;aejcif;aMumihv f nf; MuefMY umaewwf\/ tcsKUd um; vydkif; ESpfydkif;txd Mumanmif;onfqkd\/ þÓPfum;.. ÓPfyifv,fBuD;qkduvnf; rrSm;wef&may/ A[kokw&SifwdkY avhvmyGm;rsm;&m ÓPfwuúodkvfBuD;qkd uvnf; rrSm;wef&may/ 'dG[dwf? wd[dwf vrf;cGJvnf; qkdEkdifonf/ orm"dESihfynm owducsnf; arG;xkwfay;cJh&m tu,fwd aphpyftm;omaumif;NyD; pl;pkduftm;rygbJ ÓPftqihfwufvmol þü orm"dtm;aumif;vsufu ynmÓPfrwufbJ wpfbufowfjzpfae wwfvS\/ xkdwpfbufowform;... orm"dtvdkuf ynmu EIdufrMunhf&awmhum; ½kyfjzpfysuf (orm"dedrdwf) aysmufNyD; todwpfckwnf;wnf; Nidrf;at;vsufuvnf;
&Sb d \ d / xkt d odwpfcw k nf;ukyd ifvQif rSwt f m;wif;í jyif;jyif;½Iay;aomf tvGeo f rd af rGUvSaom rodxuf0uf odxuf0ufrQtxdvnf; a&mufomG ; wwfao;\/ emrf'ku©onfyif at;vsufNidrfaejcif;wnf;/ wpfzef xkdtat;ukd arS;vkdufaerdjcif;aMumihfjzpfap a&SUodkY rxGuf at;pufpufaMumifhjzpfap orm"dtm; enf;oGm;avaomtcg 'kYH&if; ½kyfjzpfysufodkYvnf; jyefusvmwwf\/ xkdorm"dat;jzihf aoG;wdwfaq;auR;xm;jcif;onf aocgeD; wGif t,lc0H ifjcif;yifr[kwaf vm/ trIvrf;aMumif;ajymif;vdí k &ufcsed ;f awmif;aejcif;yifr[kwfavm/ twk E S i h f t ppf cG J r ppf w wf u &pf y wf r nf þÓPftqihf0,f.. - Oayu©mtjyKvGef&mrS wpfrSwfpmrQ vpfvyfoGm;wwf\/ - yDwdtm;ysHUESHU&mrSvnf; wpfrSwfpmrQ vpfvyfoGm;wwf\/ - yówd\Nird ;f at;rIaMumifv h nf; wpfrw S pf mrQ vpfvyfomG ; wwf\/ - 0D&d,tvSefY pdwfwpfcsufysHUaMumihfvnf; wpfrSwfpmrQ vpfvyfoGm;wwf\/ wpfcgvm rJjymykqkd; tm½kH0,f ½kd;aejcif;aMumihf wpfrSwfpm jywfvyfaewwf\/ xkdif;rIdif;ysif;&djcif;aMumifhvnf; wpfrSwfpmrQ jywfvyfoGm;wwf\/ xkdvpfvyfrIukd csKyfysufrIESihf txifrSm;avaomtcg.. 'g r*fayyJ[lí rufukdyif r*fxifaewwfvmao;\/ þodkY twkukdyif tppfxifaejcif;onfvnf; aocgeD;wGif t,l c H 0 if j cif ; yif jzpf a cs\/ þtat;"gwf E S i h f zk d v f t at;"gwf wpfjcm;pDom/ tcsdefjcif;vnf;rwl? Nidrf;at;ykHjcif;vnf;rwl? csKyfysufykH obm0jcif;vnf; vkH;0rwlnDacs/ ysif ; vQif i wf wif ; vQif j ywf w wf o nf þtv,fykdif;wGif.. ed0&P twm;tqD;rsm; yg;&Sm;oGm;&um; aMumihfMuylyefrI rsm; uif;a0;um at;Nidrf;ae\/ xkdat;Nidrf;rIukdyif rodromNidwG,f aewwfjyef&m txufodkYwufvkdufvsufu ayuyfaewwfvS\/ taeMumu tm½kHanmif;um jyefusoGm;wwf\/ okw&SdolwkdY a&SUÓPftqihfodkY arQmfacsaomf &SdNyD;om; orm"d tm; yJhusoGm;awmh&m ajcukefvufyef;jzpfoGm;wwf\/
TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA
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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/
rdrd b,fwkef;urS rusufpm;zl;cJhaom tawGUtodrsm;ukd jrifawGUvm&mrS o'¨gzufu vGefuJwufvmjcif;? jzpfysuforQ wpfp rusef ododaejcif;aMumihf ynmzufu vGefuJwufvmjcif;rsm;aMumifh vnf; a&SUodkYrwuf ayuyfvsufjzpfaewwf\/ xkdtawGU xkdtodrsm;ukd olwpfyg;wdkYtm; azmufonfcsjzpf aejcif;aMumifh orm"dtm; rdryd g;pyfzsm;rS xGuu f somG ;awmh&m qHcgwif ig; ckefcsoGm;onhfyrmvnf; jzpfwwf\/ xkdt&mtm;vkH;onf aocgeD; t,lcH0ifaejcif;yif/ pifppf þÓPftqihfonf.. trIonfrsm;Mum;rS orm"dw&m;olBuD;wpfyg;ozG,fjzpf&m - wPSmtaiGUtoufruif;ao;aom yDwd? yó'¨d ponf tNidrf;"gwf tat;"gwfrsm;onf wPSm\a&SUaeyrm t,lcH0ifaeMu rnfom... - 'd|ad oG;rpifao;aom tNird ;f "gwf tat;"gwfrsK;d jzpfaejcif; aMumihfvnf; 'd|dukd,fpm; w&m;qkdifaeMurnfom.. - rme"gwf uyfaeao;aom tNidrf;"gwf tat;"gwfjzpfae jcif;aMumihfvnf; rmeukd,fpm; trIyGJpm;vkyfaeMurnfom... þtqihfum;.. &mZ0wfrcI if;rsm;ESirfh wl? w&m;r rIcif;rsm;omyrm/ odaYk Mumihf El;nHhrnf? odrfarGUrnf? tvGJtrSm;rcHNyD/ onhftwl.. 0D&d,onfvnf; rmeruif;aom a&SUaewpfOD;yifjzpfacs&m ysUH apjcif;? ckeaf pjcif;rsm;jzihf tcsed q f aJG ernfom/ tcsed Mf umu o'¨gaysmh í tm;avsmhoGm;rnfom/ xkdysHUjcif;? aysmhjcif;? avsmhjcif;rsm;onfvnf; Akdvfig;yg; wpfom;wnf;usroGm;ap&ef t[efYtwm;rsm;yif/ þÓPftqihfü a,m*DtzkdY ta&;BuD;onfrSm - rysif;avESihf? ysif; ywfwwfonf[l\/ - rwif;avESihf? wif; jywfwwfonf[l\/ 1/ jzpfay:vmwkdif;aom ½kyfemrfjzpfysufrsm;ukd rsufajc rjywfygapESihf/ 2/ o'¨g? ynm? orm"d? 0D&d, nDrQvmap&ef acgif;at;at; pdwftxkdifususxm;/ 3/ jzpfqaJ y:rSwpfyg; a&SUrarQmf aemufrjyef tm½krH eS f xm;ay; yg/ xkdokH;csuf þü ta&;wBuD;vkdtyf\/ *kd;oGif;&ef[efjyifaeaom a&SUwef;wdkufppfrSL;yrmyif.. twGif;owd? twGif;0D&d,wdkY\ atmufarhjcif; tm;aumif; vmaomf rsufjcnfrjywfNyD/ ½IrSwfrIowd tjyifae0D&d,wdkY þü t"du tcef;rS ryg0ifacs/ rSwftm; rSwfcsuf jynhf0jcif;jzihf Akv d if g;pkH tuken f ñ D w T v f mum Akv d rf S £a`Eq ´ uf o'¨g ponf wdkY &ihfusufNyD; a&SUwufEkdifonfukd MuyfMuyfowdxm;ygav/ odkYr[kwf owd\atmifah rhqifjcifjcif; pGr;f &nfowåjd zihf tNiu d dk zsux f w k yf pfvu dk f jcif;/
12^13 pm&if ; &S i f ; u jywf M uyap ocFg½kayu©m tv,fykdif;u wm0efausaomf.. tqkH;ykdif;onf tvkdvdkyif ay:xGufvmrnf/ ÓPftqihf0,f.. (u) jzpfysuf"gwfpk rvIyfr,SufaerIESihf jzpfysufcsKyfrIwdkY qufpyfrI&Sd&ef csOf;uyfay;jcif; opömEkavmrÓPf/ (c) rSwftm;wufojzihf todoGufvufvmjcif; 0k|me*grdeD ÓPf/ xkdESpfqihfonf ocFg½kayu©m\ tqkH;ykdif;EIwfcrf;owfyif/ xkdYaMumifh ¤if;ÓPfrsm; oD;jcm;tcef;r&SdNyD/ xkd0k|me*grdeD todav;oGufvmNyD; a&SUodkY wkd;wufoGm;jcif; rSae atmufatmuf b*FÓPfwkdifatmifrsm;onf tusihfvrf;wef; ae&um; 0dok'¨dtm;jzihf y#dy'g ÓP'óe 0dok'¨dcsnf;om/ ocFg½kayu©mÓPfukd tpykdif;? tv,fykdif;ESihf tqkH;ydkif;[lí txufuyif okH;ykdif; ykdif;a0 jyocJhNyD;NyD/ - tpykdif;0,f tedpö ponhfvu©Pmrsm;ukd tykdifododvm&m rS rnfonhfa0'emcHpm;cHpm; tnDtrQxm;½IEkdifonf[lí - tv,fykdif;0,f jzpfysufwdkY\odrfarGUjcif;? Mum&SnfpGm ukd,f pdwfESpfyg; wnfxm;Ekdifjcif;? ysHUvGihfrIr&Sdjcif;[lí - tqkH;ykdif;0,f ocFg&vGwf&mokdY wufom&ef wGef;ykdYay;jcif; [lí xkdwGif... u/ ÓPf0ifp0,f tedpötcsuf vufukdifjyKvsufu 0ifvm vQif þtqkH;üvnf; xkdtedpötcsufukdvQif vufukdifxm;í yGJodrf; oGm;rnf/ c/ ÓPf0ifp0,f 'kuu © jdk rifí 0ifvmvQiv f nf; tqk;H txdyif xkd'ku©tcsuf vufukdifjyKvsufuom yGJodrf;&rnf/ */ ÓPf0ifpwke;f u tewåudk vufuidk jf yKí 0ifvmcJv h Qiu f m; þtqkH;vnf; xkdtewåtcsuf vufukdifjyKvsufuom yGJodrf;&rnf/ y#docFgrSonf tqkH;odkYwkdif ajymif;vJjcif;r&SdNyD/ wpfzef xkdtp tv,f tqkH; okH;yg;vkH;wdkYwGif.. tqkH;ykdif;rsm;onf tp tv,fykdif;rsm;\ vufpowfyifjzpf &m xkdtpESihf tv,fykdif;wdkYu tm;aumif;vmrSom todÓPf oGufvufvmjcif;? t&Sdefwufjcif;rsm;ESihf txufESihf tH0ifcGifusjyKay; rnf/ aemuf tm;raumif;u jyKray;Ekdif/ tu,f w d w d tpES i h f t v,f w k d Y u tm;jywf a eacsaomf todÓPfvnf; tm;aysmh? t&Sdefvnf;avsmhapum twufESihf tHacsmf aernfom/ odkYaMumihf xkdocFg½kayu©m\ tp tv,f tqkH; okH;csufaumif;atmif owd rsufjcnfjywfrcH rSwftm;oefoefjzihf wufcJhMu&m\/ xko d wdtm;ukd ckid cf ahH paompdwf ZGw J if;rIac: twGi;f 0D&, d tm; (apwodu0D&, d ) ukd rnfonht f cgrQ ravsmch s&m odrkY [kwf bmvkyv f yk f trSwfvufrvTwfapESihfawmh/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )
COVER SPECIAL FEATURS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/
25
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"Monks!" "Yes, Lord" they replied, And the Exalted One said: "Monks, when a worthy man is born into a family, it is for the good, benefit and happiness of many folk. It is for the good, benefit and happiness of his parents, of his wife and children, of his slaves, workmen and servants, of his friends and companions, of the ghosts of his forbears, of the rajah, of the devas, and of recluses and godly men." "Monks, just as abundance of rain brings to perfection all crops for the good, benefit and happiness of many folk; even so a worthy man is born into a family for the good, benefit and happiness of many folk.... Ah, well it is for many when within The home a wise man's born! Untiring, night And day, he honours mother, father forebears, In fitting manner, mindful of their care In former days. The homeless wanderers, Who live the godly life, he honours, firm In faith, he knows therefor things proper, right. He is the rajah's friend and favourite, The friends of devas, kith and kin and all. Firm set in Saddhamma, with stain of stints Put by, he wayfares to the world of bliss. (English translation of the ANGUTTARA NIKAYA of Sutta-Pit.aka, the book of the Eights, On Giving", The worthy man") Nyain Chan Oo
raxmifyJ &[ef;jyKaom jrwfaomtusihfudk usihfaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYudk t½dktaojyK\/ ouf0if,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m;&Sdaom oDvudk cspfolonf w&m;wdkYudkodí olawmfaumif;wdkYudk ylaZmf\/ rif;\tpD;tyGm;udk aqmif\/ ewfwdkY\ tpD;tyGm;udkaqmif\/ taqGtrsKd; rdwfaqG wdkY\ tpD;tyGm;udkaqmif\/ olawmfaumif;w&m;ü aumif;pGmwnfaom xdkolonf tvHk; pHkaom olwdkY\ tpD;tyGm;udkaqmif\/ xdkolonf 0efwdkrI ]]rpä&d,}} tnpftaMu;udyk ,fazsmufí at;Nird ;f csr;f om&m avmuodYk a&muf&\ (okwåEÅyd#ut*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf? t|uedygwf? 'ge0*f? oyÜK&do okwfudk azmfjyygonf) Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;
jzpfonf/ xdek nf;wlpmG vlaY bmif? vlaY vmuwGif vnf; vlom;wd\ Yk obm0tavsmuf ruif;Edik f aom trSm;rsm;udk tcsi;f csi;f a0zefo;kH oyfay; jcif;? axmufjyay;jcif;jzihf vlawmfval umif;rsm; tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdvmEdkifMurnfjzpfonf/ xdkY tjyif wpfO;D taMumif;udw k pfO;D [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG rod&ojzihf ,Hrk mS ;ouFmruif;jzpfrrI sm;udv k nf; ]a0zefwifjyvmjcif;} udk taMumif;jyKí ]ajz&Si;f csuf} ay;EdkifMurnfjzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY tusdK; b,fodkY? taMumif;b,fodkY&Sdonfudk &Sif;vif; ajzMum;jcif;jzihf wpfO;D tay:wpfO;D xifa,mif xifrSm;jzpfaeaom ]oHo,pdwf} udkvnf;
ajyaysmufoGm;apEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf avmuDe,fy,füjzpfap? avmukwå&me,fy,füjzpfap tjypfuif;pGm &yfwnfvMkd uaom &[ef;&Siv f t l aygif;wdo Yk nf tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef a0zefoHk;oyfay;Mu jcif;jzihf (0g) aumif;Ed;k &m&mwdu Yk kd tBuKH jyKjcif;? vrf;ñTeaf y;jcif;wdjYk zihf wpfO;D wpfa,muftwGuf aomfvnf;aumif;? trsm;twGufaomfvnf; aumif; tusdK;aus;Zl;&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygaMumif; a&;om;wifjyvkduf&ygownf;/ t&S i f o k p d w å o m& (rk w f u Ref ; &wem) ñT e f ; - bd u © K ygwd a rmuf rCa'0vuFm
VISION OF THE DHAMMA
26
"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/
aemuf a usmzk H ; rS jyKtyf? a&S;½Iwnfaptyf? avhvmtyf? aumif;pGmtm;xkwftyfonf&Sd aomf þtusdK;pD;yGm;&SpfrsdK;wdkYudk rcRwf{uef&vdrhfrnf[k arQmfvihftyf ukef\[k rdefYawmfrlav\/ tMuifolonf tzefzef owd&onfjzpfí twdkif;t&Snf r&Sdaom arwåmw&m;udk yGm;rsm;\/ Oy"dw&m;\ukef&m arwåm psmefudk½Ijrifaom xdkoltm; oHa,mZOfwdkYonf acgif;yg;ukef\/ a'gopdwfr&Sdrlí owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkaomfvnf; tu,fí arwåmyGm;jim;tHh? xdkodkYarwåmyGm;jcif;aMumifh ukodkvf w&m;ES i h f j ynh f p H k & \/ owå 0 gtm;vH k ; wd k Y u d k pd w f j zih f o em;Muif e m jcif ; &S d a om ol a wmf o l j rwf o nf rsm;jym;aomuk o d k v f w &m;wd k Y u d k jyKonf r nf \ / tMuif&aohESihfwlaom rif;wdkYonf owå0gtaygif;ESihf jynh f E S u f a eaom ajrtjyif u d k 'Pf v nf ; rzuf vuf e uf v nf ; raqmif atmifEdkifMuukefí? vSL'gef;ay;urf;Muukefvsuf wkdif;ol jynfom;wdkY tdr fwHcg;zGihfíaeEdkifaMumif;jzpfaom q,fcdkifwpfckdif tcGefawmfaumuf,ljcif;? ]oóar"} trIxrf;? t&mxrf;wdkYtm; v c&du©may;jcif;? ]yk&doar"} r&Sdqif;&Jom;wdkYtm; &if;ESD;&ef Opöm xkwfay;jcif;/ ]or®mygo} cspfESpfoufzG,faompum;udk ajymqdk jcif;/ ]0gZayÜ,s} wnf;[laom o*F[0w¬Kav;ckwdkYjzihf csD;ajr§muf um tpOf v S n h f v nf a euk e f \ / xdkrif;wdkY\ vSL'gef;ay;urf;csD;ajr§mufrIwdkYonf aumif;pGm yGm;rsm;tyfaom arwåmpdwf\ wpfq,hfajcmufpdwf wpfpdwfukdrQ vnf; rrSDEdkifukef/ Oyrmaomf u m; tvH k ; pH k a om Mu,f w m&mtaygif ; wd k Y \ ta&mif o nf ? v\ta&mif \ wpf q ,f a jcmuf p d w f w pf p d w f u d k r Q
The Ariyan, with heart compassionate For all mankind, a bounding merit makes. Those royal sages, having overcome The teeming earth, made ample sacrifice, But, like the starry host beside the moon, The sacrifice of Horse, of Man, the Drink Of Victory, the Throwing of the Peg, The Bolts Withdrawn – are not a sixteenth part The worth of heart by amity enriched. Who kills not, nor aught causes to be killed, Who robs not, nor makes others rob, for all Within his heart hath share, he hateth none. (English translation of the ANGUTTARA NIKAYA OF Sutta- Pit.aka, The book of the eights (At.t.haka- Nipa-ta), On Amity Sutta.) Dhamma Vi-ra-Thandar Aung ITBM University, Yangon.
rrSDEdkifouJhodkYwnf;/ tMuifolonf owå0gtm;vHk;wdkYü arwåmudkyGm;rsm;onf jzpf í ? wpf p H k w pf a ,muf u d k r Q rd r d u d k , f w d k i f v nf ; rowf j zwf ? ol w pf y g;ud k v nf ; rowf j zpf a p/ rd r d u d k , f w k d i f v nf ; tEd k i f r ,l ? olwpfyg;udkvnf; tEdkifr,lap/ xdkoltm; wpfpHkwpfa,mufESihf rQ&ef r &S d E d k i f / / (okwEå yÅ #d u? t*Fw k &å edum,? t*Fw k Kdå &yf gVdawmf? t|uedygwf yXryPÖ ou? arwåm0*¾? arwåmokwfudk azmfjyygonf/) "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 15 rS ay;vSLrnf[k &nf&G,frSef;NyD; vSLzG,f0w¬Krsm; ESihftwl ausmif;awmfodkY oGm;ygonf/ ausmif; awmf o d k Y a &muf o nf E S i f h t&S i f b k & m;.. oHCmudk,fpm; rax&fwpfyg; ay;awmfrlyg[k avQmufxm;ygonf/ xkdtcg oHCmawmfu ud k & if w pf y g;ud k xnh f a y;vk d u f y gonf / þütvSL&Sifu igonf udk&ifav;yJ&ygvm; [k pd w f x J ü Nid K jiif p G m awG a 0oG m ;cJ h & if (0g) 'Dudk&ifav;udk oHCm[kpdwfxJrxm;Edkif&if oHC'geoHCdutvSL rjzpfygbl;}} wJh? owdjyK qifjcif&rnhftcsufyifjzpfygonf/ aemuf x yf w zef z G i h f q d k j yonf r S m ]]r[max&H vbdwmG yd ]r[maxa&m arva'¨g} wd aomreóH OyÜga'aEÅmyd ea[mwda,0}} tu,fí oHCmawmfu q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; ud k oH C mawmf \ ud k , f p m;xnh f v d k u f v Qif ? tMuiftvSL&Si\ f oEÅmef0,f igujzihf q&mawmf BuD;&NyDç ausmif;xkdifbkef;BuD;&NyDç pmcsq&m awmf B uD ; &NyD[k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfoGm; jyef & if v nf ; oH C 'geç oH C d u tvS L rjzpfjyefygbl;/ 'gaMumihf oHC'geç oHCdu tvSLjzpfcsifw,fqdk&if udk&ifi,fav;udkyJ&&? &[ef;i,fudkyJ&&? ynmwwf udkyJ&&ç ynm rwwf y J & & oH C xH r S & vmaom rnf o nh f yk*¾dKvfudkjzpfap ]]oHCmudkvSLr,f}} oHCó a'r ponfjzihf vSL'gef;Edik rf o S mvQif oHC 'geç oHCdutvSLjzpfygonf/ oHCdu tvSLjzpfrS vnf; tusdK;BuD;ygonf/ xdkodkYoHCmawmftm; vSL'gef;ojzihf anmifaphavmufvSLaomfvnf; anmifyifBuD;avmuf tusdK;BuD;rm;ygonf/ ,aeYacwfumvtcsed o f nf w&m;yGJ rsm;udk ae&mwkdif;tcsdefwdkif;rSm usif;yaeMuyg onf/ bmoma&;tvkyftm;xkwfMuonfrSm vnf; vli,fç vlBuD; wufwuf<u<u&SdvSyg onf/ odkYaomfvnf; jrwfAk'¨\ tqdktrdefYrsm; udk tav;xm;rSwo f m;vdu k ef mMuolrmS enf;yg; ygonf/ ]]oHCm}} [laom ygVdawmf\ t"dymÜ ,f udk Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdif;tm; odapcsifygonf/ xdt k a&;udk BuKd wifoad wmfral om jrwfA'k o ¨ nf ,aeY acwf v l r sm; od M uapzd k Y & ef t wG u f 'D C ed u m,f ? oD v u© E ¨ 0 *¾ t |uxm• ]]'d|doDvoHCmawe oH[awmwd oHaCm}} t,lov D wlrQonf\ tjzpfjzihf aygif;xm;tyf aomaMumifh oHCm-[k rdefYqdkxm;cJhygonf/ oH C m[l o nf taygif ; tzG J U jzpf y gonf / xdktaygif;tzGJUxJwGif t&d,m oHCmvnf;yg onf/ ykxkZOfoHCmvnf;ygonf/ t,kwq f ;kH
tm;jzihf ,aeYjzpfp ud&k ifi,fvnf; ygygonf/ tvSL&Siftrsm; toHk;rsm;wGifus,f a eaom ]]t&d,m oHCmawmftm; vSL'gef;yg\}} [k qdk&mü t&d,moHCm[k tuefYtowfjzihf qdv k u kd jf cif;aMumifh oHCm[laomtaygif; rjzpf Edkifawmhyg/ oHC'getvSL&Sifrsm; owdjyKp&m jzpf y gonf / taygif ; rjzpf v Qif oH C 'ge oHCdutvSLrjzpfyg/ yk*¾v'geomjzpfygawmh onf/ oHCm[k ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D oHCmawmftaygif; udk tm½HkjyKum vSL'gef;Mu&ygrnf/ y&dedAÁmef 0ifpHawmfrloGm; NyD;aom t&Sifr[muóyç &Sifaum@n- tp&Sdaom oHCmawmfrsm;udk tpxm;NyD; ,ck&SdaeMuaom oHCmawmfrsm; ESifh jyKopfp udk&ifav;rsm;tqHk;xm;NyD; tm½Hk jyK&rnfomjzpfygonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f o nf uyd v 0wf aejynf a wmf B uD ; ud k a&muf v mpOf t cgu rdaxG;awmfa*gwrDonf om;&[ef;twGuf olu, kd w f idk o f uFe;f awmfu&kd ufvyk Nf y;D bk&m;&Sif tm; vSL'gef;ygonf/ xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif u- rd a xG ; awmf a *gwrD t m; oif o nf oH C mawmf t m; tm½H k j yKvS L 'gef ; yg[k tusd K ;rsm;aom oH C d u tvS L ud k vS L ap cJ h y gonf / oH C mawmf t m; tm½H k j yK vS L 'gef ; ojzih f igbk & m;ud k v nf ; yl a Zmf N yD ; jzpf o vd k oH C mawmf u d k v nf ; yl a Zmf & m a&muf y gonf [ k rd e f Y a wmf r l c J h y gonf / wu,fq&kd if rdru d kd i,fpOfb0upwifNy;D EdcYk sKd wk d u f a uR;vmcJ h a om rd a xG ; awmf B uD ; ud k udk,fawmfwkdif csD;ajr§mufawmfrlNyD; qkawG wpfoDBuD; ay;vkdufygawmhvm;/ (cyfayhgayhg tawG;) jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f \ tvd k o nf rd a xG ; awmf a *gwrD B uD ; ud k wpf c suf c k w f ES p f c suf j ywf t vS L rsd K ;ud k vS L apcsif w m jzpf y gonf / oH C mawmf t m; &nf r S e f ; NyD ; vSL'gef;apjcif;onf bk&m;vnf; vSL&ma&muf? oHCmvnf;vSL&ma&mufonfhtjyif jrwfpGm bk & m;&S i f o nf oH C mawmf t m; ud k , f w k d i f ae&may; csD;ajr§mufcJhjcif;vnf;jzpfygonf/ y&dedAÁmefpHcgeD;rS tm;roefvdkYrmefavsmhvkduf &onfyh pkH rH sKd ;r[kwb f J oufawmfxif&mS ;&Sad om tcsdefuyifvQif aemifawmfbk&m;rsm;vrf;pOf twkid ;f oHCmawmfukd cs;D ajrm§ ufaomtaejzihf oHC'getvSLawmfudk tm;ay;awmfrlcJhwmjzpf ygonf/ xdu k o hJ Ykd bk&m;ud, k af wmfwikd f tm;ay; awmfrcl ahJ omoHCmxJwiG f ud&k ifvnf;yg0ifae
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aomaMumifh ]]ud&k ifav;rdYk txifao;wmvm;}} [k pma&;olajymcJhjcif;jzpfygawmhonf/ OD ; 0d r v (tvif ; wef ; ? ausmif ; uk e f ; ) ñTef; 'u©dP0db*Fokwf pmrsuf E S m 14 rS trdonf om;ü wyfjcif;rjzpfEkdif? om;onf vnf; trdü wyfrufrIrjzpfEkdif[k atmufarh rSwfxifavoavm/ &[ef;wdkY avmuü rdef;r\tqif; uJhodkY pGJrufapwwf? ESpfoufapwwf? ,pfrl; apwf ? aES m if z G J U apwwf ? om,mapwwf í twkr&Sdaom &m*wkdYukef&m edAÁmefodkYa&muf jcif;\tEÅ&m,fukd jyKwwfaom tjcm;aom tqif;rQukdvnf; igrjrif/ &[ef;wdkY owå0gwkdYonf rdef;rwdkY\ tqif ; ü pG J r uf u k e f \ ? atmuf a rh u k e f \ ? xkdowå0gwdkYonf rdef;rwdkY\tqif;tvkdodkY vkdufukefonfjzpfí &SnfpGmaomumvywfvkH; ylaqG;Mu&ukef\/ &[ef;wdkY rdef;rwdkYonf oGm;aeaomf vnf; a,musfm;wdkY\pdwfukd qGJaqmifíxm; Ekdif\/ &yfaeaomfvnf;? xkdifaeaomfvnf;? aemufqkH; Ekd;aeaomfvnf;? tdyfaeaomfvnf;? a,mufsm;wdkY\pdwfukd odrf;usKH;,líwnf\/ &[ef;wdkY ]rmefrif;\xuf0ef;usif ausmhuGif;} [k aumif;pGm ajymqkdvkdolonf rmwk*gr ('umr)ukdomvQif ]rmefrif;\xuf 0ef;usiaf usmu h iG ;f } [k ajymqk&d m\[k rdeaYf wmf rl\/ owfjzwftHh[k oefvsufpGJukdifolESihf pum;ajymqkd&m\/ ajrbkwfbDvl;ESihfaomf vnf; pum;ajymqkd&m\/ ukdufvQif aowwf aom (tqdyjf yif;aom) a`ru G adk omfvnf; xdyg; uk d i f w G , f & m\/ rmwk * grES i h f ('umrES i h f ) wpf a ,muf c sif ; csif ; pum;rajymqk d & mom wnf; [k bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfvmonhf twkdif; omoemhtEG,f0if olawmfpifjzpfMu wJh pm½IolwdkYvnf; ]bdu©Kaorif; "m;ESpfpif;} xJrSm rdrdrygapzkdY? yef;yifawGukd tcsdeftcgukd MunhfNyD; a&avmif;wwfMuygapvdkY qE´rGefjzihf w&m;ppf w&m;rSefwdkYukdom xGef;jywJh þ"r® 0D&*sme,frS wkdufwGef;a&;om;vkdufygw,f/ Zd a em&o t&S i f £ E´ o D [ (vS n f ; ul ; ) usrf ; uk d ; t*k F w å K d & f y gVd a wmf ? yÍö u ed y gwf ? 'k w d , yPÖ m ou? eD 0 &P0*f rmwmyk w å o k w f /
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif;? olwpfyg;wdkY csD;rGrf;jcif;? csrf ; omjcif ; ok c ES i h f jynh f p H k j cif ; wnf ; [laom £|avmu"Hav;&yf? vmbfyg;&Sm; jcif ; ç tNcH t &H e nf ; yg;jcif ; ç ol w yg;wd k Y uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;ç qif;&J'ku©ESifhawGUBuHKjcif; wnf ; [l a om ted | avmu"H a v;vD þ&Spfyg;aom £|m½Hk? ted|m ½HkwdkYaMumifh wpf p H k w pf c k r Q wk e f v I y f r I r &S d j cif ; ? [l í zGihfqdkxm;ygonf/ pma&;olvnf; olar;onhftajzudk olem;vnfEikd af tmif twwfEikd q f ;kH &Si;f jyay;cJh ygw,f / od k Y E S i h f pma&;ol E S i h f a*smh ( csf ) wd k Y rawGUjzpfMuonfrmS tawmfyifMumcJah vonf/ waeY aeYqGrf;bkOf;ay;csdef tm*EÅKudk,fawmf wpfyg;<uvmí qGrf;bkOf;ay;yihf&ef oGm;aom tcgrSm xifrSwfrxm;avmufatmif pma&;ol tHhMordygonf/ xdk&[ef;rSm tjcm;olr[kwf? pma&;ol\ bmomjcm;rdwaf qGBu;D OD;aepd;k (c) a*smh(csf) yifjzpfygonf/ qGrf;bkOf;ay;jcif;udpö Ny;D csed rf mS awmh a*sm(h cs)f wjzpfvJ xdOk ;D Zif;Bu;D ud-k OD;Zif;BuD; bGJUb,fvdkac:ygovJvdkYar;rdawmh olu OD;aombevdkYac:ygw,fbk&m;/ 'geJY t&Sib f &k m; 'DrSm usdef;rSmvm;? wihfygh..'Dn 'DrSmusdef;rSmygbk&m;/ 'gjzihf nus&ifawmh bmoma&;aqG;aEG; Muwmayhg/ pma&;olvnf; a&;vufppmrlav; awGqufa&;NyD; nydkif;rSm awmh OD ; aombeeJ Y bmoma&;aqG ; aEG ; jzpf M uonf / OD ; abmbeES i f h ywf o uf N yD ; pma&;oltodcsifqkH;tcsufrSm t&ifudk;uG,f vmcJ h w J h bmomud k p G e f Y N yD ; Ak ' ¨ b momud k b,fvdk,HkMunfrIrsdK;ESihf 0ifvmovJ[laom tcsufyifjzpfonf/ odkYESifhar;jref;Munhf&mOD;aombeu- wynhfawmf Ak'¨bm om0if r jzpf r Dtcsdefuwnf;u &GwfaecJhwJh *gxmav;aMumifyh b J &k m;? 'D*gxmav;ud&k w G &f if; u Ak'¨bmomudk ydkNyD;pdwf0ifpm;vmcJhw,f/ aemufwpfcsufu aeYcif;aeYvnfrSm aeuyl vGe;f wmaMumihf b,fae&mae&rSe;f rodb;l / 'Dvkd tcsdefrsdK;qdk&if wynhfawmf bkef;BuD;ausmif;xJ oGm;Ny;D tdyaf vh&w dS ,f/ tjyifrmS aeb,favmuf ylyl ausmif;0ef;xJrmS tNrv J v kd kd at;csr;f Ny;D awmh aew,f/ 'gudkvnf; xl;jcm;wJhtcsufwpfckvdkY wynhfawmfjrifygw,f/ 'Dawmh ausmif;&dyf uef&yd u f tNraJ t;csr;f aeovdk olwAYkd 'k b ¨ mom w&m;awmfrsm;[mvnf; trSepf ifppfcsr;f omwJh Nird ;f at;wJw h &m;awmfawGyjJ zpf&r,f? 'Dvakd wG; rdwikd ;f wynhaf wmf tjyifavmurSm ae&wmudk pdwfxJrSm ylavmifvGef;ovdk cHpm;ae&w,f/ 'DvdkeJY wpfaeYrSm wynhfawmf&JUrdwfaqGjzpfwJh
OD ; ausmf a zud k ar;Munh f w ,f b k & m;/ OD ; ausmf a zu Ak ' ¨ b mom 0if w pf O D ; yg/ udk&if0wfwmeJY &[ef;0wfwm b,fuydkNyD; xde;f &ovJ? wynhaf wmfqv kd w kd mu odum© yk'u f kd qdkvdkwmyg/ t&ifwkef;uawmh rod ygbl;/ 'D a wmh OD ; ausmf a zu &[ef ; qd k w m 0denf;odu©myk'f tvGefrsm;w,f? rif;em;vnf atmifajym&&if &[ef;awGu tusOf;tm;jzihf odu©myk'f (227) oG,fawmif&Sdwm? omraP awGuawmh &[ef;awGepYJ m&if odum© yk'f t&rf; uGmw,f/ 'geJY aeygOD;? bmjzpfvdkY 'gawGar;ae wmvJ/ rif;u bmomjcm;r[kwfvm;/ [kwfyg w,f? uRefawmf Ak'¨bmomudk pdwf0ifpm;vdkY? NyD;awmh &[ef;0wfcsifvdkYar;wmyg/ 'Dawmh OD;ausmfazu- rif;vdkbmomjcm;wpfOD;u Ak'¨ bmomrSm &[ef;0wfr,fqdk&if igudk,fwkdif &[ef;'g,umvkyrf ,f? b,fvv kd /J 'Dvakd r;vku d f awmh wynhfawmfu (7) &ufavmuftcsdefay; yg? NyD;&if taMumif;jyefr,fvdkYajymcJhw,f/ 'D (7) &ufrSmvnf; wynhfawmf pOf;pm;ygw,f/ ig[m Ak'¨bmomxJ0ifoGm;NyDqdk&ifawmh ihg&JU aqGrsdK;nDtpfudkarmifESrawGeJY aocef;jywfNyD/ aocef;jywfvnf; jywfygap? igawmh Ak'b ¨ mom xJudk 0ifawmhr,fvdkY qHk;jzwfvkdufw,fbk&m;/ t&ifq;kH omraP0wfeYJ wpf0gaeNy;D rS &[ef;0wfvdkufwmyg/ &[ef;'g,umu OD;ausmfazygyJ/ &[ef;'g,dumrBuD;uawmh OD;ausmfaz&JUnDr a':oDwmyg/ ZD;jzLukef;&Gmu ayhg/ OyZÑm,fq&mu zwfaomif&mG -oD&rd *Fvm ½Hak usmif;q&mawmfBu;D b'´Eu Å 0dEm´ pm& jzpfyg w,fb&k m;/ &[ef;0wfNy;D aemufaeYygyJ (7) &uf w&m;pcef;yG0J ifvu dk w f ,f/ 'Dw&m;pcef;Ny;D oGm; awmh aemufpcef;yGJawGudkvnf; qufwdkufqdk ovdk0ifNyD; udk,fwkdiftm;xkwfjzpfygw,f/ rSwf rSwf&& oHk;ckajrmufpcef;yGJrSm xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wcgrSrcHpm;bl;wJh w&m;t&omudk cHpm;vkduf &w,fb&k m;/ ]rSwcf su}f - r*fw?k zdv k w f u k kd qdv k kd jcif;jzpfonf/ wynhfawmfaumif;aumif;BuD; em;vnfvkdufwmuawmh b,fbmomrSmrS r&Sd Edik w f chJ sr;f omrIrsKd ;udk Ak'w ¨ &m;awmfrsm;rSm trSef wu,f&Sdaew,f/ {[d y ód a um- vmvS J Y ? ½I v S J U wu,f v k y f & if wu,f o d r ,f q d k N yD ; tmrcH r I &J & ih f w m[m Ak'¨w&m;awmfawGyJ jzpfw,fbk&m;/ wynhfawmftaeeJY ajymcsif wmuawmh 'k u © t m;vH k ; wd k Y & J U csKyf N id r f ; &m w&m;[m Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif&JU w&m;awmfawGyJ jzpfw,fqdkwm tm;vHk;udk odapcsifygw,f/ b,fbmom0ifrqdk Ak'¨bmom w&m;awmfrsm;
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udk avhvmMunhfMuygvdkYvnf; wkdufwGef;csif ygw,f bk&m;/ bmomjcm;wpfOD;jzpfwJh OD;aepdk; (c) a*smh(csf) onf Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmfrsm;ü ouf0if,HkMunfí OD;aombe[laom bGJU trnfjzihf zwfaomif&Gm- oD&dr*Fvm½Hkausmif; wdkufü oDwif;oHk;vsuf&Sdygonf/ azmfjyyg taMumif; t&mrsm;onf OD;aombe ud, k w f ikd f 0efcHajymMum;csufrsm;udk ol\ cGihfjyKcsuft& a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ OD;aombeonf Ak'¨bmomtjzpfcH,l&mü aqGrsdK;? rdbtm;vHk; wdkY\ pGefYy,fjcif;udkcHcJh&aom tpGefYy,fcH vlom;wpfOD;jzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ESihf ywfoufí OD;aombeudk ar;Munhf&m ol\ tjrifü- Ak'¨bmom0if tcsdKU[m w&m;awmf awGudk wu,fvkdufemNyD; wu,frusihfMu wmud k a wG U &w,f / wynh f a wmf u awmh aemufusrS odc&hJ vdYk wu,fvu dk ef mNy;D wu,f vkyfaeygw,f/ olwdkYawGudkvnf; wu,f usihfNyD; wu,ftusdK;cHpm;apcsifw,fbk&m;/ rSefyg\? trnfcHAk'¨bmom0ifrsm; rjzpfMuapzdkY ppfrSefwJhAk'¨bmom0ifaumif;rsm; jzpfusapzdkY txl;vdktyfvSyg\/ Oyrmwpfck jzihf ed*Hk;csKyfygtHh/ a&S ; wk e f ; u urf ; yg;eJ Y a 0;vG e f ; wJ h yifv,fBuD;xJrSm uRef;i,fav;wpfuRef;&Sd avonf/ xku d Re;f av;ay:ü opfyifBu;D wpfyif vnf; aygufaeyg\/ xdu k Re;f ESix hf w dk pfyifwnf; aomopfyifü aexkdifusufpm;Muaom rsm;pGm aom iSufwdkY&Sdavonf/ waeYoü avjyif;rkef wkdif; wdkufcwfrnhft&dyfta&mifwdkYudk iSuf taygif ; wd k Y b mombm0t& jrif M uav\/ tu,fí xdu k Re;f ? xdo k pfyifukd rpGerYf l tm;vH;k aoMu&rnf j zpf o nf / aemuf a eY w G i f u m; rkefwkdif;BuD; jyif;xefpGmwdkufcwfvmí iSuf taygif;wdkY aoMu&avonf/ opfyifESihfuRef; uav;udk pGv J ef;í iSut f aygif;wdYk aoMu&av onf/ opfyifESihf uRef;uav;udkpGJvef;í iSuf taygif;wdkY ysufpD;Mu&jcif;jzpfyg\/ tu,fí ab;vGw&f mudk oGm;Muygrl tm;vH;k aoMu&vdrhf rnfr[kwyf g/ xdkenf;wlpGm aojcif;rvGwfwJhae&m udk pGJvef;raeygbJ aojcif;uif;&m? aojcif; vGwf&m aojcif;r&SdwJhae&mudk ykdYaqmifvrf;jy ay;Edkifaom Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmf\t&dyfü vma&mufícdkvIHMuzdkY&ef zdwfac:tyfygonf/ usrf ; ud k ; r[my&d w f a wmf B uD ; ç ed ó ,opf ynmEG , f ({&majr- "Ek j zL)
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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5/ or®mtmZD0 rSefpGmtoufarG;jcif;/ or® m orm"d r *¾ i f 6/ or®m0g,r rSefpGmtm;xkwfjcif;/ 7/ or®mowd rSefpGmtrSwf&jcif;/ 8/ or®morm"d rSefpGmwnfMunfjcif;/ þ(8)yg;wdkYwGif ynmr*¾if(2)yg;ESihf orm"dr*¾if (3)yg;wdkYonf 0dyóem½Iaom tcg wpfNyKdifeufjzpfMuukef\/ r*fpdwfay: aomtcg r*¾ i f w &m;uk d (8)yg;pvk H ; wpf N yKd i f e uf j zpf M uuk e f \ / r*f p d w f o nf (1)Burd o f m jzpf\/ zkv d f pdww f o Ykd nf tBurd f rsm;pG m jzpf M uuk e f \ / csKyf y k H ( 3)rsKd ; 1/ cE¨mukd,fwpfckvkH;ukd NcKHíMunhf ygrsm;aomtcg acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yf oEÅmefwdkYudk rjrif&awmhbJ vIyfvIyf½kyfemrf jzpfysuf tpkta0;BuD;ukdom jrifvm&vdrfh rnf/ 'gudkyJ rvGwfwrf;NcKHí Munhfae&if;u zswfceJqkd ½kyfemrf csKyfaysmufoGm;um NidrfNyD; &Si;f aewJh csKyaf ysmuf&mukd jrifvm&wwfonf/ 2/ cE¨muk, d w f pfcv k ;Hk ukNd cKH acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yfoEÅmefwdkYukd rjrif&awmhbJ ½kyf emrfjzpfysuftpkBuD;ukdom jrifvm&vdrfhrnf/ 'gudkyif NcKHíMunhf&if;u vIyfvIyftpkBuD;[m ao;oGm;NyD; rsufESmatmufa&mufvmovkd jzpfcg *sifuav;wpfvkH;[m &yfNyD;rwfívnf aeovdk wvIyfvIyfESihf rsufpdESihfjrifae&ovdk ÓPf ü jrif a e&awmh \ / 'guk d rvG w f w rf ; ½IMunhfae&if;u zswfqkd csKyfaysmufoGm;um NidrfNyD; &Sif;aewJh csKyfaysmuf&mukd jrifvm& awmh\/ 3/ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vufwdkYukd vTwf í Munhfae&if;u vIyf&Gjzpfysuf tpkta0;BuD;
[m wjznf;jznf;ESihf ao;ao;oGm;NyD; &ifwGif; odkY a&mufoGm;um odrfodrfarGUarGU vIyf&G jzpfysufuav;awG[m csKyfaysmufíoGm;awmh \/ þodkY csKyfykH (3)rsKd; jzpfawmh\/ b,fvkdyJ csKyfcsKyf csKyfoGm;wJhaemuf csKyf&mjrifae&jcif; uawmh twlwyl gyJ/ Nird o f ufcsr;f omawGU&jcif; uawmh twlwlygyJ/ ynmES i h f o rm"d 1/ vIy&f jG zpfysuf tpktykBH u;D ukd NcKí H ½IMunhfae&if;u vIyf&GjzpfysufawG csKyfaysmuf oGm;í Nird Nf y;D &Si;f aewJh csKyaf ysmuf&mukd qufí jrif a e&jcif ; onf ynmOD ; pD ; ½I í orm"d u aemufvkdufjzpfí csKyfjcif;jzpfonf/ 2/ t½IcH ½kyfemrfjzpfysufwdkYukd vdkuf í pdkufí ½Iaeojzihf t½IcHa&m ½IÓPfyg csKyfaysmufoGm;í tdyfaysmfovkdcsKyfaejcif; onf orm"dOD;aqmif½Ií ynmu aemufvkduf jzpfí csKyfjcif;jzpfonf/ oEÅ d o k c oEÅdokcqkdwm t½IcH½kyfemrfjzpfysuf awG csKyfaysmufoGm;vdkY csKyfaysmuf&mukdMunhf &if; Nidrfí &Sif;í MunhfíaewJh csrf;omukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;xl ; t,l t q ,cktcg w&m;xl;ESihfywfoufí1/ r*fÓPfay:í t½IcH ½kyfemrf jzpfysufwdkY csKyfaysmufí xkdcsKyfaysmuf&mukd qufvufíodaom 0dyóem½IÓPf usefjcif; onfom w&m;xl;[kvnf;aumif;/ 2/ t½IcH ½IÓPf (2)yg;pvkH; csKyf aysmufoGm;rS w&m;xl;[kvnf;aumif; (2)rsKd; awGUae&ygonf/ 1/ r*fÓPfay:í t½IcH½kyfemrfjzpfysuf csKyfaysmufoGm;í xkdcsKyfaysmuf&mukd quf vufí odaom 0dyóem½IÓPfusefjcif;ü t½IcHu 'ku©opömjzpfí ½IÓPfu 0dyóem r*¾opömjzpfonf/ 0dyóemr*¾opöm ½IÓPfu tm;aumif ; ívmaomtcg avmuk w å & m r*¾opöm r*fÓPfonf (1)Burd af y:vmí t½IcH 'ku©opöm ½kyfemrfjzpfysufü udef;íaeaom tEko,? ork',opöm? wPSmukd y,fowf vkdufonfESihf t½IcH½kyfemrf 'ku©opöm jzpfysuf yg wpfygwnf; csKyfaysmufoGm;í 'ku©opöm qif;&J\ csKyf&mjzpfaom eda&m"opöm edAÁmef csrf;omukd qkdufa&muf&NyD; (0g) rsufarSmuf jyK&NyD; (0g) qif;&JcsKyf&m Nidrf;&mjzpfaom edAÁmefcsrf;omukd ukd,fwkdifrsufjrifukd,fawGU uJhodkY ÓPfü awGU&avawmh\/
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ 2/ t½IcH ½IÓPf ESpfyg;pvkH; csKyfaysmuf oGm;aomtcg tdyaf ysmo f uJo h jYkd zpfí 'kuo © pöm qif;&J\csKyfaysmufoGm;í jzpfay:vmaom eda&m"opöm edAmÁ efcsr;f omukd rsujf rifu, dk af wGU uJhodkY rjzpf&awmhbJ tdyfaysmfwJht&omrsKd;ukd om awGU&avawmh\/ (þum; t½IcHcsKyfESihf t½IcH ½IÓPfESpfckpvkH;wdkY\ uGmjcm;ykHygwnf;) rS w f c suf / / rdr\ d cE¨muk, d Bf u;D ukd NcKiH Hk í azmufjyefjzpfysufukd (1)csuf½IvdkufonfESihf ynmr*¾if (2)yg;ESifh orm"dr*¾i(f 3)yg;? þ(5)yg; wdkYonf wpfNyKdifeuf jzpfMuavukef\/ or®m 'd|d? or®mouFyÜ ynmr*¾if(2)yg;wdkYonf cE¨m uk, d w f iG ;f ü &SMd uukeaf om ½kyef mrfobm0wdu Yk dk trSet f wdik ;f jrifatmif½MI unhaf ecdu k f r*fÓPf ay:í t½IcH½kyfemrfwdkY csKyfaysmufoGm;cJhvQif ynmcsKyf[k ac:Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ or®m0g,r? or®mowd? or®morm"d þorm"dr*¾if(3)yg; wdkYonf cE¨mukd,fwGif;u ay:vmorQaom ½kyfemrfwdkYukd vkdufí pkdufí ½Iaeckduf t½IcH ½I Ó Pf ( 2)ck p vk H ; csKyf a ysmuf í oG m ;cJ h a omf orm"dcsKyf[k qkdEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ ½I Ó Pf u sef tod e mrf u sef r wl 1/ ½I Ó Pf u sef q k d o nf r S m cE¨ m uk d , f wpfckvkH;ukd NcKHí½kyfemrfvIyf&GjzpfysufwdkYukd ½Iae&if; r*fÓPf? zkdvfÓPfwdkY ay:vmí t½IcH ½kyfemrfjzpfysufBuD;onf csKyfaysmufoGm; í csKyfaysmuf&mukd qufíodaeaom 0dyó em ½IÓPfusefjcif;ukd qkdygonf/ 2/ todemrfuseq f o dk nfrmS ½kyef mrfw\ Ykd tysucf snfh jrifae&if;u zswcf eJjzpfum ½kyrf yg awmhbJ todemrfuav;csnu fh seu f m todemrf uav;[m ½IuiG ;f tarSmifxrJ mS twG,&f mS ovdk jzpfaeawmh\/ a&SUvnf;rwdk;Ekdif? aemufvnf; rqkwEf idk ?f ab;vnf; rxGuEf idk f jzpfaeawmh\/ 'DtcsdefrSm (1ç2) rdepfavmuf touf½I&yfae \/ (1ç2) rdepfavmufMumrS owd&Ny;D tarSmif aysmufum touf½SLrI jzpfawmh\/ armyef; jcif;vnf; rjzpfyg/ 'g[m t½IcHü ½kyfaysmuf oGm;í todemrfusefjcif; jzpfawmh\/ (þodkY ½IÓPfusefESihf todemrfusefwdkY rwlMuyg/) vrf ; acsmf o G m ;wwf j cif ; cE¨ m uk d , f u k d N cKH í vI y f & G j zpf y suf wd k Y u k d ½ I a e&if ; u ½I u G u f u ao;ao;oG m ; wmuk d uyf í ½I a e&if ; u rD ; awmuf u k d rD;yef;ukd rsufpdESihf jrif&ouJhodkY jzpfNyD;rS csKyf a ysmuf í oG m ;vQif w&m;ppf r [k w f vrf ; acsmf o G m ;jcif ; jzpf o nf / ½I u G u f u ao;ao;oG m ;wmuk d &awmh r ,f x if w ,f ? ay:awmhr,fxifw,f [k arQmfac:rd&ifvnf;
orm"dusJíoGm;awmh\/ ½IuGufu ao;ao; oGm;wmukd tvkdufoihf uyfí½IraebJ tedpö? 'ku©? tewå[k vu©Pmwifí ½Iaejyef&if vnf; orm"dusJoGm;jyefawmh\/ w&m;xkdif wmMumvkYd ajcaxmufawG wifyg;awG ylavmif emusifvmwJhtcg cE¨mukd,fwpfckvkH;u vIyf&G jzpfysufawGESihf aygif;í azmufjyefaew,f[k ½Iaeyg/ awmfawmfMumatmif½IvdkYrS ylavmif emusifrIawGu avsmhroGm;vQif jyifvkdufyg/ 0d y óemud a vom(10)yg; ta&mif ? yD w d ? yó'¨ d ? wpf j zm 0D&d,? okc? Ak'¨d? eduEÅdESihf owd? Oayu© m þq,f j zm? rS w f y g tEÅ & m,f / xk d q ,f c suf w G i f r*f t xif y,f xG i f &S i f ; um tvif ; om r*¾ g r*¾ ÓP 'óe 0dok'¨d/ O',AÁ,ÓPftjrif rEkr&ihfa&muf aomtcg þ0dyóemudavom(10)yg;wdw Yk iG f (1)yg;aomfvnf;aumif; ponfjzihf (10)yg;vk;H aomfvnf;aumif; awGU&wwfygonf/ þ 0dyóemudavomw&m;rsm; ay:vmaom tcg a&S ; wk e f ; u rawG U zl ; aomcsrf ; omuk d awGU&ojzihf igawmhjzihf {uEÅ w&m;xl;ukd awGU&ayNyD[k 0rf;omauseyfjzpfum a&SUquf í tm;rxkwfawmhbJ &yfqkdif;íaewwfav onf/ 'Da&SUqufí tm;rxkwfbJaewmukdyif tEÅ&m,f[k qkdygonf/ ppf a q;íausmf v G e f y g ,ck igawGUaomw&m;csrf;omonf w&m;xl ; jzpf c J h y gvQif xyf í awG U &ygap ownf;[k "d|mefítm;xkwyf g/ rdrad wGUNy;D aom w&m;udk xyfírawGU&bJ tjc;maom yDwd yó'¨d pwJhw&m;awGukd ajymif;vJíawGUae &vQif rdrdawGUcJhaomw&m;onf w&m;xl; r[kwfao;[k qkH;jzwfum xkdawGUorQaom yDwdyó'¨d pwJhw&m;awGukd vIyf&Gjzpfysuf awGESihfaygif;í azmufjyefaew,f[k ½IMunhf vku d yf g/ npf n L;aMumif ; rxif E k d i f o l r sm; 0dyóemw&m;ukd npfnL;apwwf ukefaom Oyuúdavow&m;(10)yg;wdkYonf tb,fyk*¾KdvfwdkYü rxifavukefoenf; [lrl um;1/ t&d , mr*f z k d v f o d k Y a&muf N yD ; aomyk * ¾ K d v f ? 2/ oD v ysuf p D ; jcif ; ? 3/ orm"d y suf p D ; jcif ; ? 4/ ynmusih f p Of vG J a csmf j cif ; ?
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5/ 0dyóemw&m;ukd tm;rxkwf aom yk*¾Kdvf/ þyk*¾Kdvfrsm;onf 0dyóem ud a vom rxif E k d i f y g/ 'óey[mwAÁ r *f tusOf;csKyft"dyÜg,f cE¨mukd,fwpfck vkH;ukdNcKHí acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yfwdkYukd vTwfí cE¨mukd,fu vIyfvIyfjzKwfjzKwf ½kyfemrf jzpfysufwkdYukdcsnf;uGufí jrifatmifMunhfNyD; olYtvkdvkd azmufjyefysufpD;ukefqkH;í ukefqkH; í aeMuayonf[k ½Iodaevkdufyg/ Mumaomf cE¨mukd,f acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf j'yfwdkYukd rjrif &awmhbJ wpfukd,fvkH;u vIyfvIyfjzKwfjzKwf ½kyfemrfjzpfysuf tpkta0;BuD;udkom jrifae& vdrfhrnf/ Mumaomf xkdjzpfysuf tpkta0;BuD; [m wjznf;jznf;ESihf ao;ao;oGm;NyD; rsufESm atmuf a&mufvmovkdjzpfcg (*sifuav; wpfvkH;[m wvIyfvIyfESihf &yfí rwfí vnf ovdk) ½kyfemrfjzpfysuf tpkuav;[m wpfvIyf vIyEf iS fh (rsupf Ed iS jfh rifae&ovd)k ÓPfrmS jrifae &NyD; 'gukdqufí ½Iae&if;u ÓPftm;jynhf vmaomtcg t½IcH½kyfemrfjzpfysuftpkuav; [m csKyfaysmufoGm;í NidrfNyD;&Sif;aewmukd awG U &vd r f h r nf / 'g[m 'd | d E S i h f 0d p d u d p ä m ud a vom(2)yg;uk d tjrpf y grusef & atmif 'óey[mwAÁ aomwmywådr*fjzihf y,fowf vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ rS m xm;csuf þtydkif;ukd tqkH;owfygawmhrnf/ igwdkYjrefrmEkdifiHü a&S;OD;pGm y&d,wåd- omoem awmfjrwfBuD;onf yGihfxGef;awmfrlcJhygonf/ v,fwq D &mawmfBu;D wdYk acwfrpS í te,fe,f t&yf&yfwdkYrSpí 0dyóemw&m;awmfjrwfBuD; ukd w&m;&dyfomawG wnfaxmifum y#dywåd omoemawmfjrwfBuD;vnf; yGihfxGef;awmfrlcJh jyefygNyD/ ,ck (68) ckESpfrSpí y#da0"omoem awmfjrwfBuD;onfvnf; xif&Sm;pGm yGihfxGef; awmfrlcJhjyefygNyD[k qkdvkdufcsifygawmhonf/ 0d r k w å d w pf y wf j yef y gNyD / 'gh a Mumif h ol a wmf aumif;taygif;wdYk 0dyóemw&m;awmfjrwfBu;D ukd tm;xkwfjzpfatmifom tm;xkwfMuyg[k wdu k w f eG ;f vku d yf g\/ tm;xkwv f u Ydk awmh {uef yif w&m;xl;&ygvdrfhrnf[k qkdvkdufcsifyg awmhonf/ 'óey[mwAÁ aomywådr*f ½IuGufNyD;\/ ñT e f ; r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD;\ cPduorm"d,lykH - zm;atmuf q &mawmf B uD ; \ cPd u orm"d , l y k H (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/
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rsd K ; ta,mifaqmifowJh/ "l&edu©dwvm;? Oayu© m vm; cG J j cm;r&atmif v k y f x m; w,f / twkawGu tppfvdkrsdK; cGJr&atmif vkyx f m;Muw,f/ rodvQif cufr,faemf..tcuf &SdrSawmh tvG,fvnf;&SdrSmbJ/ tJ'gu odvQif vG,fr,faemf? [kwfNyDvm;/ þvlYabmifavmuBuD;tv,frSm c&pfray:rD ESpaf ygif; 540avmufrS ,aeYtxd vlom;tm;vHk; twk? tppfcGJjcm;vdkY&atmif azmfxkwfvkdufwJh ta&;tcif;BuD;wpfckudk jyKvkyfcJhwJh r[myk&do yk*¾dKvfjrwfBuD;wpfql vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; 2500 ausmfu þurÇm ajrjyif vlaY vmu0,f yGiafh y:cJzh ;l w,fqw kd mudk urÇ m h y nm&S i f r sm; vuf c H t wnf j yKaeNyD ; jzpfygw,f/ xdyk *k Kd¾ vjf rwfBu;D uawmh urÇmah jrjyif rZÑrd a'o uyÜv d 0w¬KNrKd Uom; od'w d¨ r¬ if;om;b0 rS todtjrifw&m;awG tqihfqihfajymif;vJ wd;k wufomG ;Ny;D olu Y , kd o f l ]]Aka'¨g[ ro®ad vmu ó}} [lí odoltjzpf zGihf[aMujimNyD; Ak'¨bGJU cH,loGm;wJh ]]or®mor®KAk'¨}} yJjzpfygw,f/ vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif;wpfaomif;avmuf rSpí a0'acwfOD; a0'acwfv,f a0'acwf aESmif;rSm olwdkYudk,fudkolwdkY jA[®m (b&ref) vdkY ac:MuwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;&JU ESvHk;onf;yGwfxJrSm azsmufzsufvdkYr&wJh t,lBuD;wpfck&Sdw,f/ tJ't D ,l[m b&refrsm;u toufEiS fh vJNy;D cH,x l m;wJh t,lBu;D jzpfw,f/ wpfcsed u f Ak'¨bmomxGef;um;vSygw,fqdkwJh rZÑdra'o
,aeYtEd , d´ rSm Ak'b ¨ mom\taiGUtouftw k f jrpf? tkwf½dk;awGbJusefatmif jzpfcJh&wJhtjzpf oepfuvnf; tJ'Dt,laMumifhyJqdkwm orkdif; u oufaojyvsuf&Sdygw,f/ tjcm;r[k w f b l ; ? avjyif a&jyif ajrjyifay:wGif xif&Sm;&SdaewJh ouf&Sd? oufrJh awGtm;vH;k udk ]]twårmef}} vdaYk c:wJh r[mjA[®m Bu;D u zefqif;xm;w,f/ tm;vH;k [m r[mjA[®m BuD;&JU twåtyGm;av;awGjzpfw,fvdkY ,HkMunf vufcHxm;wJh ]]twå0g'}} bJjzpfygw,f/ um&aum- arG;atmifvkyfwmvJ twåbJ? aoatmifvkyfwmvJ twåyJ/ a0'aum- rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f wku Yd csr;f omqif;&JcpH m;wmr[kwb f ;l ? ]]twå}} u cHpm;wmwJh/ edapög- tJ'D ]]twå}} aumif[m tNrJ&Sdaew,f wJ/h "la0g- tJ'D ]]twå}} aumif[m ckdifcefYw,fwJh/ oóaw m- tJ'D ]]twå}} aumif[m rjywfomG ; oóawmbl;? wpfqufwnf;yJwJh/ o,H0oD- tJ'D ]]twå}} aumif[m tvdkvdk olY[moljzpfaewmwJh/ t0Dem,H- tJ'D ]]twå}} aumif[m b,fol zsufzsuf rysufbl;wJh/ oAÁAsmyD- tJ'D ]]twå}} aumif[m ae&mtESHY rSm&Sdw,f? twåESihfuif;wm wpfckrQr&Sdbl;wJh/ twå0g't& vlawG[m wpfa,muf udkwpfa,muf owfaomfvnf;yJ i&JrBuD;bl;/ bmaMumifhvJ? aoatmifowfwm twåu owfwmjzpfvdkY vlui&JrBuD;bl;wJh/
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ 'D a e&mrS m tJ ' D t csd e f u mvu b,fol rSrMum; rodao;bl;wJh? odp&m "r® i g;ck (yÍö a Ú,s"r® ) qd k w J h o abmud k jrwfAk'¨ ñTefjycJhw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSmawmh (aÚ,s"r® w&m;ig;yg;) vd k Y ayhgayhg&Syf&Syfav;odol tenf;tusOf;ESihf rodolu rsm;ygw,fvdkY ajym&rSmygyJ/ obm0"r®jzpfonhf ]]avmu}} jzpf ysuf oabmBuD;twGif;rS odp&mrsm;[m ra& wGufEdkif teEÅ&Sdw,fvdkYqdk&aomfvnf; wl&m wl&m pkaygif;vdu k v f Qif ig;ckwnf;om&So d nf[k Ak'¨u ñTefjyawmfrlygonf/ tJ'guawmh (1) ocF g & (2) 0d u m& (3) vu© P m (4) edAÁmef (5) ynwåd wdkYyJjzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dig;ckudk ]]yÍö aÚ,s"r®}} odp&mig;ckvdkYac:ygw,f/ tJ'Dig;ck xJrSm(1 k mu taMumif;w&m; (1)) ocFg&qdw awGu jyKjyifvjYkd zpfay:vmMuwJh tusKd ;w&m; awGukd ocFg&vdaYk c:wmjzpfygw,f/ uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m& qdkonhftaMumif;w&m;awG aMumihf ]]½lyum,}} qdkonhf ]]azmufjyefrI}} tusKd ; w&m;awGjzpfvmw,f/ tm½HEk iS 'hf mG &rsm; wdu k q f kH rItaMumif;w&m;aMumifh ]]emrum,}} qdkonhf ]]odrI}} tusdK;w&m;awGjzpfvmw,f/ ]]twå r mef } }ac:wJ h jA[® m BuD ; zef q if ; wm r[kwfbl;qdkwm Al;ay:ovdk ay:vmw,f/ (2) 0dum&qdkwmu ouf&Sd? oufrJh ½lyum,tm;vHk;onf ]]cPduoEÅwd t*¾d}} ac:wJh cPav;aygif;rsm;pGm ,ckav;aygif; rsm;pGmwdkY qufaeMuwJh rD;BuD;&,f ]]Z&m*¾d}} vdkYac: wJh &ihfa&mfr;D Bu;D &,f? 'Dr;D Bu;D (2) rsKd ; avmif u Rrf ; cH a e&wJ h t aMumif ; aMumif h Ek&mu&ihf? i,f&mu BuD; trlt&mawGjcm;em; BuD;BuD;i,fi,f t&G,fjcm;em; tpm;pm;aom tusdK;w&m;awG jzpfvmygw,f/ ]twårmef} ac:wJh jA[®mBu;D zefqif;wm r[kwb f ;l qdw k m Al;ay:ovdk ay:vm ygw,f/ (3) vu©Pmqdkwmu ]]½lyum,}} yJjzpfjzpf? ]]emrum,}} yJjzpfjzpf? ]]½kyf}} ]]emrf}} vdkY jrefrmawG ac:a0:rItoHk;wGifus,faewJh ]]azmufjyefr}I } oabmESifh ]]odr}I } oabmw&m; awG[m ¤if;wkdYtwGif;rSm yifudk,frlvtrSwf tom;awG xifxif&Sm;&Sm;&SdMuw,f/ t&d,m ynm&SiEf iS hf 0dyóemynm&Sirf sm;wdu Yk xifxif &Sm;&Sm; uGufuGufuif;uif;jrifMuw,f/ tJ'g awGuawmh rNrJjcif;qdkwJh ]]tedpö}} vu©Pmm? rouf o m tcH c uf j cif ; qd k w J h ]]'k u © } } vu©Pmm? ydkifEdkifonhf twGif;oabmr[kwf
ryd k i f E d k i f o nh f tjyif o abmjzpf j cif ; qd k w J h ]]tewå}} vu©Pm wdkYjzpfMuygw,f/ ]]½ly}}u ½l y oabm? emru emroabmaqmif a e jcif;omjzpfw,f/ tb,f ]]twårmef}} tb,f jA[® m BuD ; urQ zef q if ; xm;wmr[k w f y gbl ; qdkwmudk v,fjyif rSmqifoGm;ovdkjrif&w,f/ tvdrfawG Al;ay:ovdk ay:vmjyefw,f/ (4) edAÁmeqdkwmu ]]a,mwóm a,0 wPSm, taoo 0d&m*eda&ma"mç pma*gç y#dedoa*¾gç rkwådç temva,mç [k eda&m"opömtcef; "r®puúy0wåeokwrHå mS Ak'u ¨ wdwduusus ñTefjyqHk;rxm;ygw,f/ vdkjcif;ç qmrGwfç wyfrufç uyfNidç awmihfwç wG,fwm wwfwJh tMuifwPSm\ t<uif;r&Scd sKyNf ird ;f jcif;? pGefYypfjcif;? a0;a0;pGefYypfjcif;? vGwfuif;jcif;? tmv,jywfjcif;wdkYonf vlom;awmfawmfrsm; rsm; ]]tvG,}f } ]]tacsmif}} vdck siaf eMuwJh edAmÁ ef ygyJ/ jrwfAk'¨ñTefjyqHk;rxm;wJh r*¾if&Spf&yf tusihfjrwfudk owdy|mefç or®y"mefç £'¨dyg'fç £a`E´ç Adkvfç aAmZÑifç r*¾ifwdkYjzihf wpdkufrwf rwf woefwnf;qufwkduf tywfwukwf Bud K ;pm;tm;xk w f ½I r S w f y G m ;rsm;rS o mvQif rsufarSmufjyKEdkifonhf eda&m""mwk edAÁmejzpfyg onf/ tacsmifr&Edik yf g/ tJ'eD Ad mÁ efBu;D udk ]]twå rmef}} vdaYk c:wJh jA[®mBu;D u tacsmifv, G v f , G f ay;r,f? zefqif;r,fwJh/ (5) ynwåd qdkwmu urÇmay:rSm &SdwJh a'ora&G;? ta&miftaoG;ra&G;? bmom ra&G;? vlrsKd ;ra&G; vlom;tm;vH;k [m vlrq I ufqH a&;tvkyfjzpfatmif ouf&^dS oufrhJ t&m0w¬K awGukd rnfonhb f mompum;jzihjf zpfap ]]trnf}} ynwfay;í ac:a0:oH;k pGMJ uygw,f/ 'grSvnf; qufqaH &;tvkyjf zpfatmif qufqEH ikd yf gw,f/ ynwfrygvQif qufqHa&;tvGefcufygw,f/ rvG,fygbl;? rsufuef;? em;uef;? qGHUt olrsm; b,fvq kd ufqMH uonfuMkd unhu f odEikd yf gw,f/ olwdkYawG udk,ftrlt&m? ajcvuf trlt&m EIwftrlt&mponfwdkYjyNyD; qufqH Muwmvnf;bJ ynwfyifjzpfygw,f/ tJ ' D v d k vl r I q uf q H a &;twG u f vlawGtqufquf BuHzefwDxGifNyD; jyKvkyfxm; wJh ynwfrsm;udk xm0&ç twårmefç jA[®mBuD; u jyKvkyfzefwD;xm;w,fqdkwmuawmh rSm;yg w,f/ 'Dynwfoabm[m ½lyum, (odkY) emrum, xif&Sm;&SdrSom ynwfvdkY&w,f/ twGi;f tm,weajcmufyg;ESifh xdawGUvd&Yk rSom
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ynwfqw kd mukd owdBu;D pGmxm;Ny;D em;vnf&ef vdt k yfonf/ y&rw¬opöm? orkwdopöm? t&d,m opöm oHk;ck&Sdonhfteuf ynwfqdkwm orkwd opömjzpfw,f/ vlawGac:a0:orkwfxm;NyD; toHk;jyKaewJh tqHk;opömomjzpfw,f? pGJaezdkY r[kwyf gbl;/ þ ]yÍöaÚ,s"r®} jzpfonhf aÚ,s"rf w&m;ig;yg;udk tusO;f ESit hf us,f eufepJ mG odxm; vQif avmuBuD;twGif;rSma&m avmurSvGef ajrmufrrI mS yg wefc;kd &SiBf u;D u twkvm;? tppf vm;qdkwmwef;odaevdkY vdrfvdkYr&awmhygbl;/ tvdrfrcH&awmhbl;qdkwm vufawGUrsufawGU od&rSmygbJ/ rodvdkY,Hk&if tvdrfcH&r,f? tvdrf rcHvv kd Qif odatmifvyk yf g? bmudo k ad tmif vkyf &rSmvJ¿ odp&m&Sad om yÍöaÚ,s"r®? aÚ,s"rf w&m;ig;yg;udk odatmifvkyfyg/ oH o &mvnf a tmif oHo&mvnf wwfwJhoabmawGukd rodvYkd rodbv J yk rf v d Ykd oHo&mvnfaewm/ tJ'DoHo&mvnfwwfwJh oabmawGudkodNyD; rvkyfbJaevQif oHo&m rvnfawmhbl;? &yfoGm;rSmyg/ uav;awG? vli,f? vlBuD;awGpD;wJh jcm;&[wfBuD;vdk vSnhfay;olu vSnfhay;vdkY vnfaewm? rvSnhfay;vQif rvnfawmhbl;/ oH o &mjcm;&[wf B uD ; ud k b,f o l b,ft&mu vSnafh y;aeovJ¿ rodjrifb;l vm;¿ odcsifovm;¿ rodvQif tvdrfcH&r,faemf/ aiGa&m? ypönf; Opöma&m vlyg ygonftxd tvdrfcH&r,faemf rayhgygeJY/ pOf;pm;ÓPf? pdppfÓPf? a0zefÓPf? qef;ppfÓPf? yGm;rsm;ÓPfjzihf rdr&d UJ todÓPf wHcg;udk ud, k w f idk zf iG Efh ikd Mf u&ef jrwfA'k v ¨ rf;ñTef cJo h nht f wdik ;f twåem0 Zmae,sx}} ud, k w f idk f odatmifvkyfMu&atmifaemf/ eD e D O D ; (Oóm)
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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bmoma&;buf vkdufpm;\/ tdrfeD;em;wGif aumif;rIuo k v kd rf sm;jyKvyk af ejcif;jzihf awGUae& avonf/ ,if;rdom;pkZmwdrSm rauG;e,frS jzpf\/ rEÅav;NrdKUwGif tajccsaexdkifvmonf rSm ]]tESpfESpfq,fcefY &SdNyD}} [k od&\/ pma&; olonf ,ck (2) &uf (3) &ufwGif ta':a&T tm; owdrxm;jzpfrd\/ qdkufum;vmac: onfwiG f pum;qufpyfrjd cif;aMumiho f m aq;½Hk wifxm;&onfudk od&avonf/ qdkufum;ESifhaq;½HkoGm;&mwGif vrf; (80-36) vrf;udkxGufum 78-vrf;rSoGm;vQif eD;\/ ]]wpfckckjzpfawmhrnfBuH&mwGif twdwf ed r d w f v u© P monf jzpf a y:vmwwf \ }} [laom pum;twkdif;yif þaeYqdkufum;ESifh oGm;jcif;udpöonf a&S;uoGm;pOfoGm;½dk;rsdK; r[k w f jzpf v mjyef a csonf / jzpf y H k u m; qdu k u f m;udk vrf; (80- 65) vrf;rS aq;½Hq k o D Ykd OD;wnfeif;vmrdavonf/ aq;½HkodkYa&muf&mwGif qdkufum;udk aomhcwfxm;cJhojzihf pma&;olyg vkdufoGm; av\/ aq;½Hak y:wGif ta':a&Taeonht f cef; udk vG,u f pl mG awGUav\/ ta':a&Tab;em; wGif olYorD;ti,f (3) a,mufu jyKpkapmifh a&Smufay;aeonfudk awGU&onf/ omoemwGif aus;Zl;rsm;onhf omoemhrdcifBuD;ta':a&Tudk vlemukwifay:wGif armaeonhf[efyefjzihf awGU&\/ OD;BudKifonf OD;Zif;av;tm; ae&m xkid cf if;jyifay;\/ ta':a&Tonfvnf; ikww f yk f xdkifí OD;Zifav;udk t½dktaoay;avonf/ ta':a&TuMkd unh&f jcif;onf 0rf;omMunfE;l yDwd jzpfae[efjzifh awGU&onf/ 0gqdkouFef;uyf&m wGif OD;Zif;av;onf w&m;pmudk a&SUrSwdkifay; \/ ta':a&Tonf OD;Zif;av;csay;onhf w&m; pmudk aemufrSvkdufqkd\/ 0gqdkouFef;uyf &mwGif om[w¬du 'geajrmufatmif rdrd vufjzihf udk,fwdkifudk,fusyif uyfvSLav\/ OD;Zif;av;onf qGrf;'umrBuD;jzpf onhf ta':a&Ttm; "r®owdvufaqmifrsm;udk ay;cJhav\/ pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 13 rS - Aka'¨gwd 0peH {wH? trEkómeH b,m0[H/ Ak'¨ bwådu ZEÅLeH? oAÁ'g rk' rm0[H/ Aka'¨gwd- bk&m;[laom? {wH0peHþpum;onf? trEkómeH- bDvl;obuf wdkYtm;? b,m0[H- ab;udkaqmifwwf\/ Ak'¨bwådu ZEÅLeH- bk&m;udkqnf;uyfMuukef aom owå0gwdt Yk m;? oAÁ'g- tcgcyford ;f ? rk'-H ESpo f uf0rf;ajrmufjcif;ud?k rm0[H- aqmifwwf \/ 'gaMumihf rdrdwdkYudk,fudk bD;vl;wapäom;&J wd k Y n§ O f ; qJ r I r cH v d k v Qif &wemoH k ; yg;ud k rarhMu&bl;/ tcsKyftm;jzihf ]]{wH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd}}vdkY "r®y'ygVdawmfrSm a[mawmf r l w J h t wk d i f ; &wemoH k ; yg;[m udk,fqif;&Jç pdwfqif;&Jç oHo&m0#fqif;&JwdkYu vGwfajrmufapEdkifw,f/ 'gaMumifh qif;&Jjcif; trsdK;rsdK;u vGwfajrmufvdkMuvQif &wem oHk;yg;udk vufrvGwfapMu&bl;/ &SifoD0vd&JU r,fawmf aumvd,rif;orD; okyÜ0gom[m b0u0#fa<u;aMumifh om;awmf &SifoD0vd tavmif;awmfudk ckepfESpfywfvHk; udk,f0ef aqmif&w,f/ ckepf&ufywfv;kH uk, d 0f efaMumifh rdef;armawGa0&w,f/ okyÜ0gomrif;orD;[m 'Dvdkom;zGm; jcif;'ku©udk cHae&wJhtcgrSm- jrwfpGmbk&m; ocif o nf 'D v d k q if ; &J r sd K ;ud k y,f p G e f Y z d k Y w&m;a[mawmf r l w ,f / oH C mawmf r sm; [mvnf; 'Dvdkqif;&Judk y,fEdkifzdkY aumif;pGm usihfawmfrlMuw,f/ ½kyfemrfwdkY&JUcsKyfNidrf;&m ed A Á m ef r S m 'D v d k q if ; &J r sd K ;r&S d b l ; / 'gaMumih f edAÁmefw&m;[m tvGefcsrf;omw,fvdkY bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;&JU *kPfaus;Zl;awG udk tm½HkjyKaew,f/ 'Dvdktm½HkjyKaewJhtwGuf a0'emoufomNyD; onf;cHEdkifpGrf;&Sdvmw,f/ a0'emud k o nf ; cH E d k i f a om cif y G e f ; onf aumvd , rif ; om;ud k a c:NyD ; ol [ m þrQ avmuf 'ku©a0'emcHpm;&wJhtwGif;rSm &wem oHk;yg;udk rarhaMumif;? bk&m;&Sif xHawmf udk tavQmufcdkif;w,f/ aumvd,rif;om;[m ok y Ü 0 gom&J U pum;twd k i f ; bk & m;&S i f x H oGm;avQmufawmh bk&m;&Sifu]]aumvd,- okyÜ0gomrif;orD;[m a&m*gr&Sd? csrf;omapownf;? a&m*g&Sif;aom om;&wemud k zG m ;jrif a pownf ; }} vd k Y rdeaYf wmfro l nfEiS w fh pfNyKd ief uf oky0Ü gorif;orD; [m tema&m*gr&SdbJ tema&m*guif;&Sif;wJh
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trSefwu,fwGif udk;uG,ftm;xm; &m bmomw&m;wpf c k u d k EI w f u zG i h f [ ylaZmfaeMu½HkESihf rwif;wdrfra&mihf&JEdkifMubJ taoG;xJ tom;xJ todÓPfEiS hf ESv;kH om;xJ uyg vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ av;av;pm;pm;ç ,Hk,Hk MunfMunfjzihf tNrJrjywf qnf;uyf udk;uG,f oGm;MurnfqdkvQif aeYa&mnyg ypöKyÜefoHo&m wG i f ab;Oyg'f tEÅ & m,f &ef p G , f r S e f o rQ uif;a0;í aumif;usdK; csrf;omrsm; rdrdwdkYuHç ÓPfç 0D&d,pGrf;tm;&SdorQ wpfvHk;wpf0jynhfpHk jynhf0Muygrnf/ odkYygaomaMumifh t,l0g' wlrQMu aom aoG;&if;om;&if; Ak'¨bmom toif; tyif;wdkYtm aus;Zl;&Sifrefvnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (100) u yG i f h v if ; ½d k ; om; tqH k ; trMo0g' pum;ud k tvGrf;vnf;ajy? tyef;vnf; ajyEdkifMuapzdkY jyefvnfwifjyylaZmfvkduf&yg\/ rSwfcsuf/ / a&TxD;£E´&m (wnfawm q&m awmf)\ refvnfq&mawmf\ w&m;wpfyk'f aqmif;yg;rS ul;,lazmfjyonf/ ok w - a&T o H v G i f
pmrsuf E S m 12 rS qGrf;cHcsdefa&mufonfESihf aumif;uifc&D;jzihf tjcm;&yf&mG odYk qGr;f cH<uawmfrcl o hJ nf/ ol<u,f onf ausmif;xkdif&[ef;tm; axmywf ysm; oumwkdYjzihf pD&ifxm;onhf CemEkdYqGrf;ukd vSL'gef;onf/ qGr;f bkO;f ay;Ny;D onht f cg oydwf ukd aq;aMumí CemEkq Yd rG ;f wdu Yk dk oydwt f jynhf avmif;vSLum avQmufxm;vkdufjyefonf/ ]]t&S i f b k & m;? tm*EÅ K &[ef ; onf c&D;yef;vdkY rEkd;wmbJjzpfygvdrfhr,f? xkdrax&f tm; wpfqihfuyfvSLay;awmfrlygbk&m;}} raumif;wwfíom ,lvmcJh&onhfh CemEkdYqGrf;ukd rnfodkY tpazsmuf&rnfukd pOf;pm;awG;awm&if; jyefvmcJh&mrS vrf;wGif rD;yku H dk jrif&onht f cg rD;ykx H o J Ykd CemEkq Yd rG ;f wdu Yk dk oGefypfvkdufNyD; rD;usD;cJwkdYjzihf zkH;tkyfxm;vkduf onf/ ausmif;odkYjyefa&mufí tm*EÅK&[ef;ukd rawGU&onhftqkH;wGifum; ausmif;xkdif&[ef; onf qifjcifpOf;pm;ae&Smawmhonf/ ]]bk&m; bk&m; 'Dyk*¾Kdvf[m &[EÅm yk*¾KdvfyJ jzpf&r,f? ightBuHukd odvkdYom tckvkd xGufoGm;wmygyJvm;? igrSm;NyD trSm;BuD;rSm; ygayhgvm;? qGrf;wpfeyfaMumifh rjypfrSm;oihf rjypfrmS ;xku d w f hJ tav;tjrwfjyK&rnhyf *k K¾ v d f ukd igjypfrSm;cJhrdyga&mvm;? ig..ig[m odyfrkdufrJ
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ ¤if ; wd k Y tcsif ; csif ; wpf a ,muf t jypf u d k wpf a ,muf cG i f h v T w f N yD ; wpf O D ; ud k w pf O D ; tjyeftvSef uefawmhMu\/ ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;pvHk; onf wpfpdwf wpf0rf;wnf; jzpfoGm;MuNyD; jrwfpmG bk&m;\ a&SUawmfarSmufüyif twlwuG xrif;vufqHk pm;Muukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif ausmif;okYd jyefí <uoGm;awmfro l nf/ ppfoBl u;D ESpOf ;D vnf; yef;? eHo Y m? eHo Y maysmif;wdu Yk kd vnf; aumif;? axmywf? ysm;? wifvJ tp&Sdonfh vSLzG,f0w¬KtpkpkwdkYudk aqmif,lí jrwfpGm bk&m; aemufodkY vdkuf\/ ausmif;odkY0ifaomf &[ef;taygif;u jrwfpmG bk&m;udk 0wfjyKMu\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u qH;k rMo0g'ay;Ny;D *E¨u#k w D u kd f odkY 0ifawmfrlonf/ &[ef;wdkYonf nbufw&m;obif wGif Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk tcsif;csif; ajymqd k c sD ; rG r f ; Mu\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;onf r,Ofaus;aomoludk ,Ofaus;atmif qHk;r a[majymEkid pf rG ;f \/ aumovrif;Bu;D ESiw fh uG? tm;vH;k aom aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[wdu Yk vufavQmh xm;&aom ppfolBuD;ESpfyg;\ rnDñTGwfjcif;udk nDñTwfatmifjyKEkdifayonf[k ajymqdkvsuf&SD \/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif <ua&mufvmí &[ef;wdkY tm; rnfonfhudpöudk ajymqdkaqG;aEG;aeMuo enf;[k ar;vQif &[ef;wdkYuvnf; tjzpfrSefudk avQmufxm;\/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu xdkESpfa,mufwdkY\ roihfjrwfjcif;udk oihfjrwf atmif ,cktcgrSom igjyKay;onfr[kwf/ a&S;tcguvnf;jyKvkyfay;cJhonfomjzpf\[k ajymum twdwfZmwfudka[mjyawmfrlygonf/ twd w f \ t&d y f a&S;oa&mtcgu Am&mPoDjynf wGif jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyK\/ xdktcsdefwGif Am&m PoD ü Ncd r h f N cd r h f o J o J yG J v rf ; obif B uD ; ud k qif,ifay;awmfrlonf/ xdkyGJodkY &yfpHke,fpHkrS vltrsm; vma&mufqifEMJT uonf/ xdt k xJwiG f vlwdkYom ru ewf-e*g;-*VKefwdkYygvma&muf qifETJMuavonf/ yGJcif;wpfae&mü e*g;ESihf *VKef o nf oG m ;a&muf a wG U qH k r d M uonf / olwo Ykd nf yGu J kd ai;armMunfah e&m ¤if;wdEYk pS Of ;D ab;csi;f ,SOí f &Sad eMuonft h jzpfukd *½krxm; rdMuay/ e*g;onf vufanmif;ojzihf olYvuf wpfbufudk *VKef\ycHk;ay:odkY wifvdkufrd onf/ *VKefu rnfolbmvdrfh[lí Munhfvkduf &m olyY ck ;kH ay:odYk vufwifxm;onfrmS e*g;jzpf aMumif; odoGm;\/ e*g;uvnf;jyefíMunhfrd onfjzpf&m olYvufwpfbuf wifxm;jcif; cH&olrSm *VKefjzpfaMumif; od&SdoGm;avonf/ xdkYaMumihf aMumufvefYNyD; yGJcif;xJrS xGufajy;
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avawmhonf/ *VKefuvnf; e*g;aemufodkY 0rf ; jynh f a prnf o mjzpf a Mumif ; ajymum twif;vdkuf\/ e*g;onf jrpfurf;wpfckem;odkY ajymonfhtwdkif; jzpfapNyD;vQif urf;odkYwuf a&mufomG ;\/ jrpfurf;wpfae&mü &aoh&[ef; um ouFef;udk ½HkawmfrlNyD; e*g;ESihf *VKefESpfOD; l nf/ wd\ Yk 0wf½jkH zpfaom avsmaf wouFe;f wpfxnf pvH;k udk ¤if;\ a&SUarSmufoYkd ac:,lawmfro J rd af rGUaom arwåm yHí k csxm;onfukd tqifoihaf wGUojzihf e*g;u ¤if;wdEYk pS Of ;D pvH;k tm; eufeo ¤if ; ud k ywå j rm;vH k ; toG i f zef q if ; um w&m;udka[mMum;avonf/ Mum;emvdkuf& k cgrSpí xdkouFef;yHkwGif;odkY wdk;0ifykef;uG,fí aeav aom e*g;ESifh *VKeEf pS Of ;D pvH;k onf xdt onf/ xdkodkY ykef;aeonfudk *VKefuod\/ cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;arwåmw&m; odkYaomf ouFef;udk ½dkaoav;pm;rIjzihf *VKefu yGm;rsm;vsuf tpOfojzihf nDñGwfpGm aexdkif ouFef;udkoGm;í rxdyg;acs/ xdkYaMumihfjrpfxJü oGm;Muavonf/ Zmwfaygif;vQif ,ckrwnfMh u a&csKd ; aeaom &aoh t m; vS r f ; íajym\/ aom ppfolBuD;trwfESpfOD;onf xdktcgu rdrdtaejzihf tvGefqmavmifaeNyDjzpfaMumif; wpfOD;u e*g;? wpfOD;u *VKefjzpfzl;cJhavNyD/ e*g;onf rdrdtpmjzpfí e*g;udkpm;vdkonf ,ck igbk&m;u xdkpOfu &Sif&aohjzpfcJhzl; jzpf í &S i f & aoh \ ouF e f ; ud k z,f a y;apvd k ayonf[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlygonf/ aZmf a emif aMumif ; qd k a vonf / xd k t cg &aoh u oif o nf ouF e f ; ud k tav;tjrwf x m;ol usrf ; ud k ; jzpfí e*g;udkpm;&ef rvdkaMumif; oifhtm; O&*Zmwf - ig;&mh i g;q,f h Z mwf e d y gwf a wmf (anmif u ef q &mawmf ) ewfwdkY\ tpmjzihf oif\ qmavmifrIudk pmrsuf E S m 34 rS ]]'umrBuD; rdrdcifyGef;? om;? orD;? ajr;? jrpfrsm;udk rawG;ESihf? aeYpOfjyKvkyfaeus ukodkvfawG ,aeYvSL'gef;&wJh 0gqdkouFef; tvSL\ ukov kd af wGukd tzefzeftxyfxyf yGm; rsm;NyD;aeyg}} vdkY qGrf;cHOD;Zif;av;u a[mMum; cJhonfudk ,aeYxufwdkif pma&;ol rSwfrdaeyg ao;onf/ xdkYaemuf ta':a&Ttm; EIwfquf um aq;½HkrS jyefcJhMu\/ ta':a&Tudk ,ck wpfBurd Ef w I q f uf&jcif;onf aemufq;kH taejzihf EIwfqufvkduf&jcif;jzpf\/ taMumif;rlum; pma&;olwdkY qdkufum;onf eHYomNrdKif"r®m½Hka&SU udk a&muf&mwGif Mum;vku d &f aompum;aMumifh jzpfavonf/ ]]taz? tarqH;k oGm;Nyw D }hJ } ta':a&T \orD;tBuD;ronf aq;½HkrSzkef;qufonhf taMumif;udk olYtaztm;ajymjyjcif;jzpfay onf/ xdpk um;onf OD;BuKd iEf iS pfh ma&;olwt Ykd m; [kwfaum[kwf&JUvm; pojzihf pdwfrSm'dG[jzpf rdao;\/ ]]auG;aomvuf rqefYrD? qefYaom vuf rauG;rD}} [laom oHa0*pum;rSm rSefvS onf[k qdk&csdrfhrnf/ ta':a&Tonf touf 54 ESpt f &G,jf zihf rdom;pkupkd eG cYf mG um uG,v f eG f aoqHk;&&Smavonf/ ]]þavmuü (o'¨gw&m;aMumihf) Munfvifao mpdwf&Sdaeaom tcsdKUyk*¾dKvfudk ompd (ig\)pdwfjzihf (xdkol\)pdwfudk þodkYydkif;jcm; í od\/ þyk*¾dKvfonf þtcgü tu,f í aojim;tH h ? aqmif , l í csxm;tyf
ouJ h o d k Y þtwl ewf j ynf o d k Y a &muf & rnf omvQifjzpf\/ xdkodkYjzpfjcif;onf tb,fh aMumif h e nf ; [l r l xd k y k * ¾ d K vf \ pd w f o nf Munf v if a omaMumih f w n nff ; / þod k Y pdwfMunfvifjcif;[laomtaMumif;aMumih f þavmuü tcsdKUowå0gwdkYonf cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;í aoNyD;onfaemufü aumif;aom vm;&mjzpfaom ewfjynfü jzpf&ukef\}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfonf t*Fkwå& edum,f? {uedygwf? yPd[w d tpä0*fwiG f þodYk tm;jzihf a[mMum;cJhonf/ ta':a&Tonf aocgeD;umvwGif r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmrsm; apmoGm;cJhonf/ ,if;r&PmoEéukodkvfaZm[lonf aocgeD; umvwGif aumif;aompdwftpOfrsm;jzpf\[k qdkvdk\/ ta':a&Tonf vSL'gef;orQudk tm½Hk jyK&if;jzihf pdwMf unfvifpmG ESiyhf if uG,v f eG o f mG ; cJh\/ þom"uwGif pma&;olwdkYtm; "r®owd vufaqmifrsm;udk &vkduf\/ ]]oHo&m c&D;oGm;{nhfonfawGjzpf onhf pma&;olwdkYonfvnf; rtkdcif? remcif? raocifrSm ukodkvfOpömxkyfawGudk BudKwifjyif qifxkyfxm;EdkifygrS taovSí aeESihfvES,f oHo&mtv,fwGif b,fb0a&mufa&muf wihfw,fvSyEdkifvdrhfrnf}} [k pma&;ol&ifwGif apwemqE´av;rsm; jzpfrdygawmhonf/ usrf ; ñT e f ; = t*F k w å d K &f - {ued y gwf yPd [ d w tpä 0 *f pd k ; BuD ; (rEÅ a v;)
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"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o k d v f ) tMuifolonf owå0gtm;vHk;wdkYü arwåmudk yGm;rsm;onfjzzpfpfí? wpfpHkwpfa,mufudkrQ? rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; rowfjzwf? olwpfyg; udkvnf; wfjzwfap/ rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; tEd k i f r ,l ? ol w pf y g;ud k vnf ; tEd k i f r ,l a p/ xd k o l t m; wpf p H k w pf a ,muf E S i f h r Q &ef r &S d E d k i f / rowf ro Who kills not, nor aught causes to be killed, Who robs not, nor makes others rob, for all within his heart hath share, he hateth none.....
arwåmokwf tuREf k y f o nf þod k Y M um;emcJ h & ygonf / tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0w¬djynfteD;&Sd temx ydPfolaX;\t&Hjzpfaom aZw0efausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkYudk ac:awmfrl\/ ]]&[ef;wd.Yk .}} ]]t&Sifjrwfbk&m;...}} &[ef;wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; jyefMum;avQmufxm;ukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkYaomw&m;pum;udk rdefYawmfrlav\/ ]]&[ef;wdkY (qefYusifbufrS) vGwfajrmufaomarwåmpdwfudk rS0D t J yf? yGm;rsm;tyf? Burd zf efrsm;pGmjyKtyf? ,mOfuo hJ jYkd yKtyf? wnf&muJo h Ykd jyKtyf? a&S;½Iwnfaptyf? avhvmtyf? aumif;pGmtm;xkwftyfonf&Sd aomf &Sprf sKd ;aomtusKd ;pD;yGm;wdu Yk kd rcRw{f uef&vdrrfh nf[k arQmv f iht f yf ukef\/ tb,f & S p f r sd K ;wd k Y e nf ; [l r l csr;f csr;f omom tdy&f \/ csr;f csr;f omom Ed;k &\/ tdyrf ufq;kd udk rjrifruf/ vlw\ Ykd cspjf rwfE;kd jcif;udk cH&\/ om;&Jbv D ;l wd\ Yk cspjf rwfE;kd jcif;udk cH&\/ ewfwdkY apmifha&Smufukef\/ xdkarwåmudk yGm;rsm;aomol tm; rD;? tqdyf? vufeufwdkY rpGJrus rzsufqD;Edkif/ vGefjrwfaom (t& [wåzdkvf) w&m;udk xdk;xGif;í rodEdkifcJhonf&Sdaomf? jA[®mhjynfodkY vm;a&muf&\/ &[ef;wdYk (qefu Y sizf ufr)S vGwaf jrmufaom arwåmpdwu f kd rS0D J tyf? yGm;rsm;tyf? Budrfzefrsm;pGmjyKtyf? ,mOfuJhodkYjyKtyf? wnf&muJhodkY
On Amity Thus have I heard: Once the Exalted One was dwelling near Sa-vatthi, at Jela Grove, in Ana-ttha- pin.d.ika's Park. There the Exalted One addresed the monks, saying: "Monks" "Yes, lord" They replied, and the Exalted One said:
"Monks by the release of the heart through amity, practised, made become, made much of, made a vehicle and a basis, exercised, augmented and set going, eight advantages are to be expected. What eight?" Happy one sleeps; happy one awakes; one sees no bad dreems; one is dear to humans; one is dear to non- humans; devas guard one; neither fire, nor poison, nor sword affects one; and though one penetrate not the beyond, one reaches the Brahma- world. Monks, by the release of the heart though amity, practised, made become, made much of, made a vehicle and a basis, exercised, augmented and set going, these eight advantages are to be expected. "Who makes unbounded amity become, Mindful, he sees th' attachments all destroyed, The fetters wear a way. If pure in heart, He but one being love, good follows thence.
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