Comforting wisdom for life
jyKtyfNyD;aom aumif;rI&Sdolonf ypöKyÜefwrvGef ESpfb0 pvHk;ü 0rf;ajrmuf&\ Happy are the Well-Doers Here and Hereafter q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif \ tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif; ESifh tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rS y#davmr½Iaxmihft& b0ukd r*¾irf supf jd zihf Munhaf omtcg yk*K¾ v d f owå0g tjzpf rjrifawmhbJ ½kyef mrfowå0gwd\ Yk tpk ta0;tjzpf jrif o nf E S i h f w pf N yKd i f e uf "r®udkvnf; "r®twkdif;jrifvm\/ t"r®ukd vnf; t"r t ® wdik ;f jrifvm\/ trSeu f v kd nf; trSef twdik ;f jrifvm\/ trSm;udv k nf; trSm; twkdif; jrifvm\/ þokdYjrifvmonfrSm 0d Z Æ m u t0d Z Æ m uk d y,f o wf v d k u f a om aMumifjh zpf\/
Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;
à jyKtyfNyD;aomaumif;rI&Sdolonf ypöKyÜefb0ü 0rf;ajrmuf&\/ aemifwrvGef b0üvnf ; 0rf ; ajrmuf & \/ ypö K yÜ e f w rvG e f E S p f w ef a om b0wd k Y ü 0rf ; ajrmuf & \/ rd r d \ pif M u,f a om aumif ; rI u H u d k jrif & í xd k a umif ; rI j yKol o nf 0rf ; ajrmuf & \/ txl ; 0rf ; ajrmuf & ay\/
0dZmÆ u t0dZmÆ ukd y,fowf vku d f aomtcg vlonf b0ESiyfh wfoufí jrifp&m rsm;ukd tjzpf-tjzpftwkid ;f ? t&S-d t&St d wdik ;f jrif vm\/ þonfuykd if ,xmblwÓPfjzihf jrifjcif;[lí qk&d \/ r*¾irf supf jd zifh Munhyf grS om ,xmblw ÓPfjzihf jrifyg\/ ,xmbl wÓPfjzihf avmuukd Munhfwwfvmaom tcg rSm;,Gi;f vQiv f nf; rSm;rSe;f od\/ rSm;rSe;f odonf ESiw fh pfNyKid ef uf ,if;trSm;udk jyifqifzYdk 0efrav;/ tvG,w f ulyif jyifqifwwf\/ þonf udyk if aom0p ówm*kPEf iS fh jynhpf Hk jcif;[lí qk&d \/ aom0pówm\ teufrmS qkq d ;Hk r& vG,u f l jcif;[líjzpf\/
à Here he rejoices, hereafter he rejoices. I both states the well-doer rejoices, He rejoices, exceedingly regoices, perceiving the purity of his own deeds. £" arm'wdaypöarm'wd Idha modati pecca modatikatapuñño ubhayattha modati uwykanm Ob,w¬arm'wd/ so modati so pamodati Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; jyKpk w if j yonf / aom arm'wd aomyarm'wd disva- kamma visuddhamattano verse 16 'doGm ur®0dok'd¨rwåaem/ *gxm-16 pmrsufESm 24 okdY
VOW
2
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opömw&m;ukid godovk?d a0ae,swo Ydk ad p&rnf
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oHo&m0J*,ufrS igul;ajrmufEidk o f vkd a0ae,swkYd ul;ajrmufapEkid &f rnf
,ck t ywf zwf p &m 'kdYwm0efta&;oHk;yg; - jynfaxmifpk rNydKuJGa&; 'kdYta&; u@ - wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrI rNydKuJGa&; 'kdYta&; uavmif&Sifrsm; pmrsufESm Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; - tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhckdifNrJa&; 'kdYta&; 1/ t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& jynfolYoabmxm; - v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m; - - 20 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H - jynfytm;uk;d ykqed ½f ;dk tqk;d jrif0g'rD sm;tm;qefu Y siMf u - Ekid if aH wmf wnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESih f Ekid if aH wmfw;d k wufa&;ukd 2/ t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) - t,f'w D mtmabmf- - - - 3 aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) - OD;oDvmpm& - - - - - - - 5 - EkdifiHawmf\ jynfwGif;a&;ukd 0ifa&mufpGufzuf tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf 4 aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu 3/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) - a'gufwm eE´rmvmbd0Ho- jynfwiG ;f ? jynfytzsuo f rm;rsm;tm; bH&k efot l jzpf yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf - r[maAm"d N rd K if q &mawmf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu 4/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrd - - - 23 EkdifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf - EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf -OD;a&Tatmif 5/r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;/ Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf (udk,fusihfAk'¨0ifed'gef;rS)- - - 17 - trsK;d om; pnf;vk;H nDñw T rf I ckid rf ma&;/ 6/t*¾ r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw a'guw f mb'´EyÅ nm0Ho(Ph.D) - rk& - pnf;urf;jynh0f aom 'Dru dk a&pDpepf &Sio f efcidk rf matmif H mG aeZm - - - - - - - - - 6 armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf wnfaqmufa&;/ - &SiÓ f P(zsmyk)H - - - - - - - 7 - zGphJ nf;ykH tajccHOya'ESit fh nD acwfrD zGNUH zK;d wk;d wufaom pmwnf;csKyf -av;tdrfpkt&Sif0dpdwåom&- - 5 EkdifiHawmfopf wnfaqmufa&;/ r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d pD;yGm;a&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)csuf - t&Sio f pk w d o å m&-- - - 9 ("r®mp&d,? bDat) - pkdufysKd;a&;ukd ykdrkdzGHUNzKd;wdk;wufatmif aqmif&GufNyD; -vu©P(aysmfb, G )f - - - - - - 11 acwfrDpufrI EkdifiHxlaxmifa&;ESihf tjcm;pD;yGm;a&; u@rsm;uk d v nf ; buf p k H z G H U N zKd ; wd k ; wuf a tmif pmwnf ; tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd -[Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif- - - - -12 wnfaqmufa&;/ pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm - wuúov kd o f Qifo&D -d - - - - -14 - aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGm jzpfay:vma&;/ - Aka'¨g&o(t&Sif£E´mp&d,)- -18 - jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESihf t&if;tESD;rsm; xk wf wf a0 ol zdwaf c:í pD;yGm;a&;zGNUH zK;d wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;/ wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf - MunfviG -f - - - - - - - - - 19 - EkdifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvkH;ukd zefwD;EkdifrIpGrf; 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f - udjk irf;- - - - - - - - - - - 26 tm;onf EkdifiHawmfESihf wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwdkY\ vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;/ - udak t;rif;- - - - - - - - - 29 tjyiftqif uGefysLwm vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf - oufyikd Nf idr;f - - - - - - - - 31 NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykid ?f ,Ge;f av;i,f - wpfrsKd;om;vk;H \ pdw"f gwEf Sifh tusihpf m&dwå jrihrf m;a&;/ - Nidr;f csrf;OD; - - - - - - - - - 1 - trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPf jrihfrm;a&;ESihf ,Ofaus;rItarG jzef Y c sd a &; tESpfrsm;? trsKd;om;a&;vu©Pmrsm raysmufysuf - [de;f rif;xuf- - - - -- - - - 34 atmifoef;aZmf atmif xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufa&;/ - aZmfaemf- - - - - -- - - - - 36 - ppfreS af om rsK;d csppf w d "f gwjf zpfonhf jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwf vIid Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywku d f &Sifoefxufjrufa&;/ - a':av;aiGpE´m -- - - - - - 37 zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 - wpfrsK;d om;vk;H use;f rmBucUH idk af &;ESifh ynm&nfjrihrf m;a&;/
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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com
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EDITORIAL
3
"r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/
vSyíatmifjrifaom b0&&Sda&; uH? ÓmPf? 0D&d,wdkYjzihf xkqpfay; twdwb f 0u aqmif&u G rf t I &jzpfay:vmaom twdwu f o H nf ,ckypöKyeÜ b f 0odYk ud, k pf yD gvmMupNrjJ zpfonf/ ukev f eG cf o hJ nfh twdwu f mv jyKvyk cf o hJ rQaom twdwu f u H ,ckvuf&b dS 0wGif jyefvnftusK;d ay;aejcif;jzpfonf/ ypöKyÜefuHqdkonfrSm rdrd\ aeYpOfb0üvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&mwGif yg0ifaeaom todÓPfESihf tm;xkwfrI 0D&d,aMumihf jzpfvm& aom &v'fyifjzpfygonf/ avmuü csr;f omBu;D yGm;wd;k wufatmifjrifvo kd w l ikd ;f pdwt f vdrk vdu k o f ihyf g/ rdr\ d pdwu f kd arQmfrSef;csufyef;wdkifü epfjrKyfxm;&ygrnf/ tjcm;odkYvrf;racsmfatmif xdef;odef;&efvdktyfygonf/ rdrdpdwfudk xdef;odrf;NyD; vHv Yk tm;xkwrf u I kd t"dywdwyfum ynmÓPfukd OD;aqmifa&SUoGm;jyK&efvykd gonf/ vlww Ykd iG -f 1/ pdEmÅ r,ÓPf = rdrd\ pdwful;ESihf xdk;xGif;odjrifaomÓPf f m;aomÓPf 2/ okwr,ÓPf = olwpfyg;\ tawGUtBuKH ukd avhvmrSwo 3/ bm0emr,ÓPf = xdt k xufygÓPfEpS rf sK;d udk aygif;pyfNy;D xyfcgxyfcg qifjcifo;kH oyfí odjrifaom ÓPf[l íoHk;rsKd;&Sdygonf/ rdrd\ twdwfuHrnfrQyifaumif;aeygap awG;ac:ÓPfrnfrQyifaumif;aeygap rdrdrSm vHkYvr&SdvQif rnfonfhuHrQ tusK;d ay;vm rnfr[kwo f vdk todÓPfuvnf; toH;k 0ifrnfr[kwyf g/ trSepf ifppfuq H o kd nfrmS O,smOfrSL;ESihfwlygonf/ - ÓPfonfO,smOfrSL;\ rsufpdESihfwlygonf/ - vHkYvonfO,smOfrSL;\ajcvufrsm;ESihfwlygonf/ -a&TaiGypönf;Opömonf O,smOfxJwGif oD;yGihfaeaom toD;tyGihfrsm;ESihfwlygonf/ xdkYaMumihf uHqdkaomtvkyfudk ÓPfqdkaomtodESihf tusKd;&Sd-r&Sd csihfcsdefvkyfaqmifrSom atmifjrifwdk;wufEkdifygrnf/ rdrd\ todÓPfudk &mEIef;rnfrQ vHkYvudk &mEIef;rnfrQ xkwfoHk;Ekdifoenf;qdkaom tcsufu vkyfief;atmifjrifrIudk tqH;k tjzwf ay;rnfjzpfouJo h Ykd xdÓ k PfEiS fh vHv Yk udk ypöKyeÜ u f [ H ak c:qdak ejcif;jzpfonf/ twdwu f [ H o l nf ukev f eG af omumvESit hf wlusecf NhJ yjD zpfí jyKjyifír&awmhay/ odaYk omf vuf&dS umvwGif rdr\ d ÓPfEiS fh 0D&, d udrk l vdt k yfoavmufxw k , f o l ;kH pGcJ iG &fh o dS jzihf &mEIe;f jynhx f w k , f o l ;kH pGo J u l &mEIe;f jynhu f aH umif;aeoljzpfeidk yf gonf/ &mEIe;f (50) rQomxkw, f o l ;kH pGo J rl mS &mEIe;f (50)omuHaumif;Ekid yf gonf/ tcsed u f w kd efz;kd rxm;bJ aygYaygYqqaeNy;D (1)&mcdik Ef eI ;f rQom xkwo f ;kH pGo J rl mS olxw k o f ;kH pGo J avmufom uHaumif;Ekid rf nfjzpfygonf/ rdrdb0uHaumif;jcif;qkvmbf&&SdEkdif&ef yxrajcvSrf;udkpwifvSrf;&efvdktyfygonf/ yxrajcvSrf;rvSrf;EkdifolrSm aemufq;kH yef;wdik o f aYkd &muf&adS tmifjrifEidk &f ef rjzpfeidk [ f k taESmif;aocsm&ef tpaumif;zdt Yk xl;vdt k yfvyS gonf/ tESpu f i;frahJ om0g*Grf;qdik Bf u;D avxJwiG f vGiafh rsmoGm;ouJo hJ Ykd cH,cl suaf vsmv h so J ?l vHv Yk ? ÓPfr&So d \ l pdww f o Ykd nf pdwful;,Ofjcif;ESihftrQ ta0;odkY vGihfarsmoGm;ayvdrfhrnf? xdkolYtwGuf b0udk t½HI;ESihfyif ed*Hk;csKyf&wwfygonf/ tcsed u f mvudk a&wGuo f wfrw S Nf y;D toufuakd jymavh&&dS m tcsed u f t kd ouf[k owfrw S &f ygrnf/ rdrb d 0 rdrt d oufukd wefzdk; xm;ouJhodkY tcsdefudkvnf; wefzdk;xm;um rdrd\ qE´? pdwf vHkYv? ÓPfwdkYudktxGwfwifrnfqdkygvQif rdrdwdkYb0 xdyw f ef;odaYk &mufEidk rf nf jzpfygonf/ rdrdb0 atmifjrifa&; &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifudk avSQmufvSrf;&mwGif rdrdonfomvQif rdrdb0\ yJhudkif&Sifjzpfí rdrd\ b0onf rdrdvufxJwGif &Sdonfudk tpOf owd&SdaeMu&ygrnf/ yef;ykq&mu rdrdvdk&myef;yk½kyfudk xkvkyfEkdifovdk rdrd\ b0udkrdrdonf taumif; tqdk;ESpfrsKd;xkqpfEkdifí rdrdb0udk uH? ÓPf? 0D&d,wdkYjzihf vSyaomb0 atmifjrifaomb0jzpfatmif xkqpfEidk Mf uap&ef today; wdu k w f eG ;f tyfygonf/
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WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE
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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/
tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKy f q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho(Ph.D) a[mMum;csD;jr§ihfawmfrltyfaom t&SiftmeE´\ 0dyóemw&m;awmf ,ciftywfrStquf tck'o D w k eå rf mS Mum;xJu ESpcf &k adS o;w,f/ tJ'pD u©Kyom'eJY qufoG,frI&wJhrsufpdeJY jrifvdkY&wJh tqif;tm½Hkqdkwm &Sdao;w,f/ tJ'DrsufpdeJYjrif&wJh tqif;tm½HkeJY rsufpd xdawGUvkduf&wJhtcgrSm ay:vmwJjh rifopd w d q f w kd m &Sad o;w,f/ tJ'jD rifopd w d q f w kd m ay:vmrS zó qdkwm ay:vmwm/tJ'D zó ay:vmwJt h cgrS 0rf;omw,f/ 0rf;enf;w,fqw kd hJ cHpm;rIqw kd m ay:vmwm/ tJ'aD wmh aygif;Ny;D Munfh vku d w f t hJ cg rsuaf phqw kd mav;&,f? rsuaf phxrJ mS xif[yfay: vmwJh tqif;tm½Hak v;&,f? tJ'ED pS cf k qHv k u dk o f nht f wGuaf Mumifh ay:vmwJh jrifopd w d u f av;&,f? xdjk rifopd w d f uav; ay:vmwmeJw Y pfNyKd ief uf pdwef t YJ m½Hq k ufo, G rf q I w kd m zó &,f? tJ'D zó ay:vmonht f wGuf aMumihf cHpm;rIqw kd hJ a0'em&,f ay:vmMuw,f/ 'gawG[m 0dyóem tm½Hak wGy/J owdprG ;f tm;? orm"d pGr;f tm;awGtoH;k csNy;D Munhrf ,fq&kd if 'D y H k p H t wk d i f ; jzpf a ewmaemf / trS w f w rJ h a e&if a wmh 'gawG o d r S m r[kwb f ;l ayhg/ tJ'aD wmh ur®|mef;tm;xkww f ,fqw kd t hJ cgrSm jrwfpmG bk&m;u &Sit f meE´mudk &Si;f jyw,f/ tJ'rD mS wJh rsuaf phqw kd m&Sw d ,f/ tqif;tm½Hk &Sw d ,f/ jrifopd w d q f w kd m&Sw d ,f/ jrifopd w d af y:vmwmeJY tm½Hek q YJ ufo, G f rIqw kd hJ zó ay:vmw,f/ tJ'D zó ay:vmvku d w f m eJY cHpm;rIqw kd hJ a0'emay:vmw,f/ tm;vH;k aygif;vku d w f t hJ cg w&m; b,fEpS rf sKd ;vJ? ig;rsdK;/ pu©Kyom' qdkwJh rsufaph&,f? jrifp&m tqif; tm½Hk &,f? jrifodpdwf &,f? tm½HkeJYqufoG,fwJh zó &,f? cHpm;wJh a0'em &,f? a[m ig;ck&w dS ,f/ 'Dig;ckpvH;k [mwJh ckid Nf raJ ewJt h &m wpfcrk rS &Sb d ;l / rsuaf phu vnf; ckdifNrJwmr&Sdbl;/ tqif;tm½Hkav;uvnf; ckdifNrJwmr&Sdbl;/ jrifopd w d u f vnf; ay:vmNy;D aysmufomG ;w,f/ tm½Hek q YJ ufo, G w f hJ zó qdkwmvJay:vmNyD;awmh aysmufoGm;w,f/ cHpm;rIqdkwJha0'em[mvJ jzpfNyD;aysmufoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY wpfckrS rNrJonhftwGufaMumifh ted p ö / rNrb J ;l qdw k hJ obm0w&m;onf okcvm;? 'kuv © m;vdq Yk akd wmh 'kuy© /J bmjzpfvw Ykd ek ;f / rNrrJ u I tNrw J rf; aESmuf,u S af evdYk 'kuw © /hJ taESmiht f ,Suaf wG&adS e&if 'kuy© /J taESmift h ,Suu f if;rS okc/ at; tJ'v D kd 'kuj© zpfaewJt h &mwpfcu k kd igvk?Yd igh[mvd?Yk igh&UJ twåvYkd awG;xifp&m b,f&rdS vJ/ 'kuu © kd b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D awmh igh[mvdYk ajymvd&Yk rvJ/ ihg&JUtwåvYkd ajymvdrYk &bl;/ jrifwJhtm½HkeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh jrifp&meJYywfoufNyD;awmh a[m'Dw&m;ig;rsKd ;udk tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåvjYkd rifatmif BuKd ;pm;&r,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;u &Sit f meE´uakd [mwm/
tJ'aD wmh w&m;cspcf if olawmfpify&dowftaygif;wdYk 0dyó emw&m;udk usiw fh t hJ cg ½Irw S pf &mtm½Hak wGu bmawGvv J Ykd ar;vd&Yk &dS if a[mpu©Kyom'vdq Yk w kd hJ rsupf t d Munfuvnf; ½Irw S pf &myJ/ tJ'D rsuaf ph tMunfrSmay:vmwJh ½lyg½HkuvJ ½IrSwfp&myJ/ ½lyg½HkeJY pu©Kyom'wdkY d u f vnf;½Irw S pf &myJ/ tJ'D qHrk o d nht f wGuaf Mumifh jrifw,fvYkd odwphJ w pdwaf y:vmwmeJw Y pfNyKd ief uf tm½Hek pYJ w d q f ufo, G rf q I w kd hJ xdcu dk rf I zó uvnf; ½Irw S pf &myJ/ tJ'D zó udk taMumif;jyKNy;D awmhjzpfay:vmwJh cHpm;rIqw kd muvnf; ½Irw S pf &myJ/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóemÓPfe½YJ &I r,fqkd wm 'Dw&m;awGu½kd &I rSm/ yxr½Iawmh b,fv½kd rI vJq&kd if obm0vu©Pm t&if½&I w,f/ tedp?ö 'kuu © kd t&if½&I wmr[kwb f ;l / obm0vu©Pmudk ½I& wm/ obm0vu©Pmqdw k m pu©Kyom'ud½k &I if rsuaf ph&UJ tMunf"mwf oabmudjk rifatmif ½I&r,f/ rsuaf ph&UJ tMunfoabmudjk rifvmawmh tJ't D MunfoabmrSmxifvmwJrh suaf pheYJ jrifv&Ydk wJh ½lyg½Hek o YJ abmudk Munh&f r,f? jrif&r,f/ tJ'rD suaf phtMunfeYJ tqif;tm½Hek YJ qHv k u dk w f hJ tcgrSm ay:aygufvmwJh jrifodpdwfuav;udk jrifatmifMunhf&r,f/ tJ'v D kd ay:vmNy;D wJah emufrmS qufo, G rf q I w kd hJ zó oabm xif[yf ay:vmw,f/ zó qd k w J h a e&mrS m ½k y f t csif ; csif ; xd c k d u f w J h zó u tifrwefoo d mw,f/ emrfcsi;f xdcu dk w f hJ zó u rodombl;/ odaYk omf zó &JUoabm[m pOf;pm;Munhfaemf/ b,fvdkxif[yfvmwke;f qdk&if ½kycf E¨mud, k u f kd vmxdwmr[kwb f ;l / rxdayr,hv f Ykd zó &JU oabm[m b,fvdkay:vmwkef;qdk&if vlwpfa,muf ZD;oD;? oHyk&moD;pm;aewm jrifr,fvq Ykd &kd if usew f v hJ w l pfa,mufrmS b,fvckd pH m;&rvJ? oGm;&nf usvmw,faemf/ tJ'g bmrSrxdbJeJY cHpm;&w,frdkYvm;/ at; zó &J U oabmu tJ ' D t wk d i f ; yJ / aMumuf w wf w J h v l w pf a ,muf u [d;k tdraf cgif rd;k ay:wufNy;D rwfwyf&yfaewJv h u l Mkd unhNf y;D atmufuae 'l;wkefaew,f/ tJ'grsdK;u zó &JU xdckdufrIvdkYac:w,f/ at; jrifopd w d af y:vmNy;D wJh aemufrmS tJ'v D kd qufo, G rf q I w kd o hJ abmw&m; awG[m ay:vmwwf w,fw/hJ ay:vmNy;D wJah emufrmS 0rf;omrI? 0rf;enf;rIqw kd hJ cHpm;rIawG ay:vmw,f/ tJ'o D bm0w&m;udk ½Irw S w f m? obm0vu©Pmudk a&S;OD; pGm t&ifawGUatmifMunhf? MunhfNyD;wJhtcgusawmh pu©Kyom'qdkwm vnf; rNrb J ;l / pu©Kyom'rSm xif[yfvmwJh ½lyg½Hq k w kd muvnf; rNrb J ;l / jrifodpdwfuvnf; tvGefwdkawmif;wJhtcsdefav;rSm ysufoGm;w,f/ qufo, G rf q I w kd hJ zó uvnf; tvGefwdkawmif;wJh tcsdeftwGif;rSm ysuo f mG ;w,f/ cHpm;rIqw kd muvnf; tvGew f akd wmif;wJt h csed t f wGi;f rSm pmrsufESm 10 odkY
DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS
5
"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/
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raumif;wmqdk awG;udkrawG;ygeJY/ (18) AratiDon't try to think evil
BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif;rSm&Sd&rnhf (18) ck a jrmuf t&nf t csif ; (18) tm&wD y gyg? raumif ; rI r S a 0;pG m pd w f j zih f a &S m if M uOf jcif ; raumif;rIukd ta0;rScmG a&SmifEikd f jcif;? 'kp½du k v f eG u f sL;&ef rawG;awmrBupH nf bJ aeEdik fjcif;onfvnf; BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdk olwikd ;f rSm &Sx d m;&rnhf t&nftcsi;f aumif; wpfck (=r*Fvm wpfyg;) jzpfonf/ vl t csd K U rBuD ; yG m ;rcsrf ; ombJ qif;&J 'kua© &mufaeMu&onfrmS um,uH? 0pDujH zihf raumif;rI'pk ½du k rf sm;udk vGeu f sL; aomaMumifh jzpf\/ xdv k eG u f sL;rI um,uH? 0pDuHudk jzpfay: apaom? aemufuG,frS BudK;udkifaeaomt&m rSm pdwftawG;tBuH raemuH j zpf \ / xd k p d w f tawG ; tBuH raemuHudk owd- ynmjzihf xdef;csKyfEdkifrS omvQif um,uH? 0pDut H qiho f Ykd ra&mufbJ 'kp½dkufrIrsm;rS a&SmifMuOfEdkifrSom vQif qif;&J'ku©taygif;rS uif;a0;rnfjzpf\/ trSefpifppf vludk (owå0gudk) qif;&J'ku© a&muf apaom t"dut&mrSm tjyiftyu yk*Kd¾ vf wpfO;D wpfa,mufr[kwb f J rdr&d ifwiG ;f rSm ude;f 0yfaeaom raumif;aom tawG; tBu?H raemuHpw d u f ;l jzpfayonf/xdrk aumif; aom tawG;tBuH&Sdolonf tajymtqd k (=0pDuH) vnf; rcsdKomawmh/ tjyKtrl (=um,uH ) vnf ; r,Of a us; rod r f arGUawmhay/ xdo k Ykd tawG;tBuH (=raemuH)? tajymtqdk (=0pDu)H ? tjyKtrl (=um,uH) r,Ofaus;bJ Murf;wrf;½dkif;jyaomoludk rnf o l u cspf c if r nf e nf ; / rnf o l u av;pm;rnfenf;/ rnfou l ulnaD pmihaf &Smuf rnfenf;/raumif;aomtBut H pnf&o dS o l nf a>ra[mufukd cg;ydu k yf u kd x f m;olEiS w fh \ l / a>r a[mufcg;ydkufydkufxm;oludk a>ra[mufu 'ku©ay;ouJhokdY raumif;aomtBuHtpnf &Sdoludk xdkraumif;aomtBuHtpnfuyif 'kua© y;av onf/ oifonf ,cka&m aemiftcgrSmyg
udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmcsrf;omvdkygu rdrd\ ES v H k ; om;cg;yd k u f w G i f ud e f ; atmif ; aeaom xdrk aumif;aom tBut H pnfa>ra[mufukd owdç ynm[laom wkwfç "m;rsm;jzihf tjrefxdk; ESuf y,f&Sm;pGefYypfygav/ ygyrSefvQif? pdwfüyif? r0ifa&mufap&m/ pdwfüxde;f csKyf? ygy- ,kw?f ud, k Ef w I f ra&muf vm/ pd w f p if M u,f r S ? xd k y gy? oif u a0; rnf o m/ ygya0;atmif ? pd w f j zih f a &S m if ? usih f a qmif oif v k d u f e m/ þvd k u sih f r S ? oihfb0? 'ku©Nidrf;rnfom/ -r*FvmhtjrLaw/ uav;wdkYa&... &mZ0wfrIawGjzpfaewm[m raumif; wmawG vkyrf v d ?Ykd raumif;wJph um;awGukd ajym rd M uvd k Y a yh g uG , f / tJ ' D v d k j zpf v mwmuvnf ; raumif;wmawGukd awG;awG;aerdvaYkd yhg/ raumif; wmawG awG;awG;aejcif;&JU taMumif; awGu awmh raumif ; wJ h o l a wG e J Y a ygif ; ? raumif ; wJhpmawGzwf? raumif;wJh½kyf&SifawGMunhfrdvdkY ayhg/ uav;wdkYtaeeJY &mZ0wfrIawG rusL; vGefrdzdkYqdk&if raumif;wmawG rawG;rdatmif? raumif;wmawG rajymrdatmif? raumif;wm awG rvkyrf ad tmif ud, k u fh , kd u f kd xde;f csKyEf ikd w f hJ oDv? orm"d? ynmawG udk,hftwkdif;twmeJY udk,f &S d z d k Y v d k w ,f / tJ ' gawG & S d z d k Y t wG u f vl a umif ; awGeJYaygif;? pmaumif;ayaumif;awGudkzwf? pdwaf vhusicfh ef;awG rSerf eS v f yk zf Ykd vdw k ,fu, G /hf ]]raumif;wmawG;av raumif;wm jzpf a v? aumif ; wmawG ; av aumif ; wm
Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&
(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) acrm bdu©KeD 0w¦K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf &mZN*Kd[fjynf *dZÑuk#fawmifü aeawmfrlaomtcg acrm rnfaom ax&Dr\ ynmBu;D us,af omtjzpf ukd jyawmfrjl cif;iSm ]]*rÇ&D ynH ar"m0d }H } paom *gxmukd a[mawmfro l nf/ *rÇ&D ynH ar"m0d ?H r*¾gr*¾ó aum0d'/H Owårw¦} rEkyw Ü ?Hå wr[H jALrd jAm[®P/H jref r muAsm eufev J sijf ref xufoefynm? vrf;rSev f rf;rSm; odxm;Ny;D cg? jrihfjrwfxufwef; &[ef;jzpfcg? xko d rl S qk&d jA[®Pm/ He Whose knowledge is deep, who is wise, who is skilled in the right and wrong way, who has reached the highest goal, him i call a brahmana.
pum;ajy/ / (cE¨m ponf tvDvDaom w&m;wdüYk ) ykid ;f jcm;xifxif odjrifcufcJ eufeJ aom ynm? (0&Zdev f ufeuf rk;d BuK;d pufuo hJ )Ykd xufjrufvsijf ref tjrifoefaom ynm&Sv d suf vrf;rSef vrf;rSm; ykid ;f jcm;odum jrihjf rwfaom t&[wåzkdvfodkY (&[EÅmtjzpfodkY) a&mufNyD; aomoludk jAm[®P[k igbk&m; a[mMum;awmf rl\/ jzpfavyJ}} uav;wdkYa&]]raumif;rIreS f orQ raumif;wJt h awG;uçp}} wJ/h tawG; aumif; rS tajymaumif; tvkyaf umif;Ny;D taumif; awG ; rS taumif ; ajym taumif ; vk y f r S mrd k Y raumif;wmqdk awG;udrk awG;MuygeJu Y , G /f (18) r*Fvm r*Fvm? 38 jzm r*Fvm/ q,h&f pS rf *Fvm a[mñTeMf um;? tm&wDygy w&m;/ raumif;rIrsm;rS pdwjf ziho f m? rawG;rdzYkd xde;f csKyyf g/ xde;f csKyEf ikd rf S trIygy? rkcsuif;a0; vGwrf ,fy/ trIygy vGwu f if;vQi?f &efab;'ku© uif;a0;pif? &efab;'ku© uif;a0;rS? nDi,fock awGUr,fy/ av;tdrfpk t&Sif0dpdwåom&
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
6
"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f (16) rk H & G m aeZm
tvS L tusKd ; BuD ; aMumif ; ^rBuD ; aMumif ; en;frsm;r[l tvSL'ge jyKMu&m0,f tusK;d Bu;D - tusK;d rBu;D aMumif;ukv d nf; odxm; vQif ydkíaumif;ygonf/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmuvnf; ]]0dap,s 'geH 'gwAÁH}} tvSLudk a&G;cs,fyg/ tvSLcHyk*¾Kdvfudkvnf; a&G;cs,fí vSL'gef; yg[k ñT e f M um;xm;awmf r l \ / od k Y a omf Ak ' ¨ b momjref r mwd k Y o nf apwemtm;? o'¨gtm;aumif;olyyD D tvSL'ge? tvSLcHy*k K¾ v d f ponfukd a&G;cs,pf pd pfraebJ vSL'gef;vku d Mf u onfu rsm;ayonf/ vkdtyfaomae&mukd vSL'gef;jcif;u ydv k QaH omXmerSm vSL'gef;jcif;xufyí dk tusK;d rsm;ayonf/ olrsm;vSLí vSLjcif;xuf rdrd uk, d w f idk f &nf&, G cf su&f &dS dS vSL'gef;&jcif;u ykí d t"dyÜg,f&Sdayonf/ odkYaMumihfyif ]]vkd&mukd jznhfyg? vkd&mjznhfrS vkdwmjynhfrnf}} [k rdrw d u Ydk rdeq Yf &dk jcif;jzpfygonf/ rZÑrd edum,f? Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf? 'u©P d 0db*Fow k üf tvSL'gejyKjcif;qkid &f mrsm; ukd a[mMum;xm;awmfro l nf/ 1/ a,m oDv0g 'kóaD vok ''gwd'geH? "ar®e v'¨H okyoEépad wåm? tbdo'¨[H ur®zvH OVm&H? om 'u©P d m 'g,uawm 0doZk Ñw/d t"dygÜ ,frmS tvSL&Sio f nf oDv&S\ d / w&m;ojzihf aumif;pGm &SmazG&&Sdxm;aom ypönf;Opömudk uHESihf uH\tusKd;ukd ,kHMunf aom pdwf&Sdonfjzpfí tvGefMunfvifaom o'¨gw&m;jzihf 'kóDvtvSLcHyk*¾Kdvfrsm;tm; vSL'gef;\/ xkdtvSL'geonf tvSL&SifbufrS oef Y & S i f ; pif M u,f a om tvS L 'gersKd ; jzpf \ /
Oyrm- bk & m;tavmif ; awmf a0óEÅ & m rif;Bu;D onf tvSLcHjzpfaom ZlZumykPmÖ ;Bu;D tm; uPSmpdefESihf ZmvD? om;ESihforD;ukd vSL'gef;\/ xkdtcg r[myx0DajrBuD;onf jyif;xefpmG wkev f yI u f m todtrSwjf yK\/ 2/ a,m 'kóaD vm oDv0aEÅok ''gwd 'geH? t"ar®e v'¨H tyÜoEépad wåm? tebdo'¨[H ur®zvH OVm&H? om 'u©P d m y#d*g¾ [uawm 0doZk Ñw/d t"d y Ü g ,f - tMuif t vS L &S i f o nf oDvr&Sd/ "r®d,v'¨r[kwfaom w&m;ESihf rnD b J &S m azG & &S d x m;aom 0w¦ K ypö n f ; ud k rsm;jym;vSaom uHESihf uH\tusKd;udkvnf; ,kHMunfrI r&SdbJ rMunfrvifaompdwfjzihf tusih f o D v ES i h f jynh f p k H o nh f oD v 0EÅ tvSLcHy*k K¾ v d w f t Ykd m; vSL'gef;\/ xk d t vS L 'geonf tvS L 'g,um bufrS rpifMu,faomfvnf; tvSLcHy*k K¾ v d u f oDv ESifh jynhpf í Hk pifMu,fojzihf ukov kd &f \/ tusK;d ay; txku d t f avsmuf&&SEd idk \ f / OyrmuvsmPDjrpfü aexkid af om wHigonfwpfO;D onf tusihfoDvESihfjynhfpkHaom t&Sif'DC aomrtm; ok;H Burd w f ikd w f ikd f qGr;f vSL\/ 3/ a,m 'kóaD vm 'kóaD vok ''gwd 'geH? t"ar®e v'¨H tyÜoEé pdawåm? tebdo'¨[H ur®zvH OVm&H? e wH 'geH 0dyv k zvEÅd jALrd/ t"dygÜ ,f- tvSLay;yk*K¾ v d ?f tvSL&Sif fh \ H tusK;d uvnf; uk, d u f sio fh v D r&S/d uHEiS u udv k nf; vufc, H MHk unfrrI &Sb d J rw&m;ojzihf &&Sdxm;aom 0w¦Kypönf;ukd oDvuif;rJhonhf 'kóv D tvSLcHy*k K¾ v d t f m; rMunfrvif vSL'gef; \/
xkt d vSL'gersK;d udk jyefaY jymaom jynhpf Hk aom aumif;usKd;csrf;oukd ay;Ekdifonf[lí igbk&m; ra[may/ Oyrm- 0×rme t&yfa'oüaeaom rkqkd;r onf aoqk;H oGm;aom ol\om;ukd &nfreS ;f Ny;D oDvr&Sdonfh tvSLcH&[ef;tm; vSL'gef;\/ tusK;d rNy;D tcsn;f ES;D yif/ 4/ a,m oDv0g oDv0aEÅ ''gwd 'geH? "ar®e v'¨H okyoEé pdawåm? tbdo'¨[H ur®zvH OVm&H? wH a0 'geH 0dyv k zvEÅd jALrd/ t"dyÜg,f- tMuiftvSL&Sifuvnf; oDv&Sd\/ ol\ w&m;ojzihf &SmazG&&Sdxm; aom tvSL0w¦Kypön;f vnf; jzpf\/ uHEiS fh uH \tusK;d ukv d nf; aumif;pGm ,HMk unf\/ Munf nKdaompdwfvnf; &Sd\/ xkdtvSL0w¦Kypönf;ukd oDv0EÅ jzpf aom tvSLcHy*k K¾ v d w f t Ykd m; vSL'gef;\/ xkt d vSL 'gersK;d ukd jyefaY jymaom rsm;jym;aom tusK;d zv ukday;onhf tvSL'ge[lí a[mawmfrl\/ Oyrm- yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD;\ r[m to'dotvSL'geBu;D ukd t|uxmü om"u jyxm;\/ 5/ a,m 0Dw&ma*g 0Dw&ma*ok ''gwd 'geH? "ar®ev'¨H okyoEépad wåm? tbdo'¨[H ur®zvH OVm&H? wH a0 'geH tmrdo'gemeH r*¾EdÅ jALrd/ t"dygÜ ,frmS - tvSL&Siu f vnf; &m* uif;ol/ tvSLcHyk*¾Kdvfuvnf; &m*uif;ol? tvSLay;olEiS fh tvSLcH ESpw f efaomyk*K¾ v d w f Ykd u &m*uif ; ol r sm;jzpf M uojzih f tmrd o 'ge (ypön;f 0w¦KtvSL) [lorQwiG f tjrwfq;Hk [lí a[mMum;awmfrl\/Ä tESpfcsKyfjyefí xkwf aomf1/ tvSL&Sib f ufu oDv&SNd y;D tvSLcHbufu oDvr&S/d 2/ tvSL&Sib f ufu oDvr&Sb d J tvSLcHu oDv &Sd/ 3/ tvSLay;a&m tvSLcHyg oDvr&S/d 4/ tvSLay;a&m tvSLcHyg oDv&S/d 5/ tvSLay;a&m tvSLcHyg &m*uif;aom t&d , mrsm;jzpf j cif ; wk d Y u k d awG U &rnf j zpf \ / pdppfa0zefí vSLEkdifMuygapownf;/ ñTef;-'u©dP0db*Fokw earmor® m orÁ K '¨ ó -rk H & G m aeZm
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf "r®0de, tvif;a&mifxdefvif;ap&ef jzpfonf/
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trsKd;orD;awG aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&; bk&ifrjzpfvmawmhrnfvm;¿ &S i f Ó P (zsmyH k ) ]A[kcd sO;f tm;} eJY qG, J pl pk nf;wJo h bm0&Syd gw,f/ a,musmf ;awGu olu Y , dk o f l (wpfu, dk af umif;) wnfwchH idk Nf raJ &;ukd a&SU½INy;D rde;f rawGuawmh rsK;d qufxed ;f odr;f a&;ukd tm½kñ H w T yf gw,f/ owåaA'eJY ZD0ur®aA'oabmt& avhvmwJhtcgrSm a,musfm;eJYrdef;rawG&JU ½kycf E¨mzGUJ pnf;rI[m twlwyl jJ zpfaMumif; awGU zk-d r udpq ö w dk m vlo Y bm0wpfco k m tawG ; tjrif a wG uG J j ym;aeusjzpf N yD ; &ygw,f/ tajccHzUJG pnf;rIoabmrSm b,fol jzpfayr,hf 'Dae&mrSmawmh pD;yGm;a&;½Iaxmihf b,fawmhrv S nf; aygif;pyf vd&Yk rSmr[kwyf gbl;/ rS omw,fvkdYr&Sdygbl;/ tm½kHig;yg;ukd cHpm; u rvG J r a&S m if o m wif j y&rS m jzpf y gw,f / zk-d r vdio f bm0&JU rlv ZmpfjrpfawG b,fvdk Mu&mrSmawmh cHpm;rIjcif; twlwljzpfayr,hf cka&;jyr,hf tcsufawGuvnf; uRefawmfh&JU uGjJ ym;w,fqw dk m odMuay r,hf ]bmaMumih}f rde;f rawGu ]teH}Y tm½kcH pH m;&mrSm ydNk y;D awmh rlykdift,ltqawGr[kwfbJ yuwdawGU&Sd&wJh uGjJ ym;&aMumif;udak wmh odyHÜ ynm&Siaf wGawmif jrihfrm;ygw,f/ aoG;ukd ppfMunhf&mrSmvnf; tcsufawGomjzpfaMumif; em;vnfay;apvdk rod M uygbl ; / ]bmh a Mumih f } qk d w J h ud p ö u a,musmf ;awGu aoG;eDOydrk sm;Ny;D atmufq*D sif ygw,f/ (HERBERT.N. Cassoh) t½Iyaf xG;qk;H ? teufeq J ;Hk vQKUd 0Sucf suBf u;D ygyJ/ o,faqmifwhJ ]a[rk*d vkAd if} awG ydrk sm;ygowJ/h pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m zkd-rudpöawG[m rdrdukd,frdrd owfaorIrSm- 4 q? ]touf} wpfacsmif;[m uvmyf jyóemjzpfvmavmufatmif ta&;BuD ;yg pnf; rsKd;aphav;wpfcku tpysKd;cJhwmudkawmh &mZ0wfru I sL;vGev f m&mrSm- 5 q? tk;d rJt h rd rf hJ w,f/ 'gayr,hf 'gukd twdtuso&d rdS I enf;Mu uReaf wmfwYkd odcMhJ uygw,f/ tJ'h u D rS olt Y vdv k kd ajcovkH;tdrfwkdiform;tjzpfeJY tqaygif; ygw,f/ wpfenf;qk&d &if a,musmf ;? rde;f r? zked rYJ uGjJ ym;yGm;rsm;vmNy;D &ifo h efBu;D xGm;vmwmukd axmifaomif; a,musmf ;awGu rde;f rawGxuf awGtay: w&m;rQwpGmeJY rSerf eS u f efuef odyHÜ vnf; oabmaygufNyD;om;ygyJ/ ao;i,fwJh ydkrsm;wmygyJ/ rdef;rawGxJrSm vufa0SUyGJvkd enf;us okH;oyfcsufawG r&Sdao;ygbl;ayhg/ uvmyfpnf;av;awGu a,musfm;jzpfvmNyD; tBudwfte,fxkd;owfyGJawGukd oGm;a&muf Ny;D awmh 'DtaMumif;t&mudk teD;uyfavhvm BuD;rm;wJhuvmyfpnf;awGu rdef;rjzpfvmMu Munh½f o I el nf;ayr,hf aysmyf &JG iT yf ?JG uyGaJ wGukd pl;prf;&mrSmvnf; tenf;eJt Y rsm; bufvu dk rf I wmvnf; odcJhMuwmygyJ/ 'Duvmyfpnf;awG oGm;MuwJh OD;a&rSmawmh a,musfm;awGxuf awG&Sdaewwfygw,f/odyÜHynm&SifawGtaeeJY rSm tpuwnf;u odoo d mom jcm;em;rIawG ydNk y;D omygw,f/ ae&mwumrSm a,musmf ;awG vnf; zk-d rudpu ö dk cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm avhvmok;H oyf &SdcJhMuygw,f/ a,musfm;uvmyfpnf;awGu u rd e f ; raemuf u d k v k d u f a e&mu rd e f ; ru ol enf ; yg;MuNyD ; wpf z uf o wf a&;Mu ykdtm;aumif;NyD; jrefqefoGufvufygw,f/ a&SUajy;? a,musmf ;u aemufuvdu k af e&w,f ajymMuwmom rsm;ygw,f/ pdwyf nm&Sif (Pro- rdef;ruvmyfpnf;awGuawmh ykdaES;auG;NyD; qkd ygawmh/ vlom;awG&UJ tqihq f ihf wk;d wuf fessor Freud) ]z½ku d }f uawmh vdiu f jJG ym;rIudk tm;jynhyf gw,f/ a,musmf ;uvmyfpnf;awG&UJ ajymif;vJrrI mS awmh a,musmf ;awGu OD;aqmif vkdufNyD; pdwf a&m*gtrsm;tjym;jzpf&w,f vIyf&Sm;rIu ydkNyD; jyif;xefjrefqefwmaMumihf NyD; rdef;rawGu tqkH;tjzwfay;Ekdifygw,f/ vdo Yk m wifjyzl; ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf a,musmf ;eJY oufwrf; r&Snfygbl;/ rdef;ruvmyfpnf; 'óeq&mBu;D ]'g0if} u 'Dvadk jymcJyh gw,f/ rde;f rawGMum;rSm tajccHujJG ym;jcm;em;csuaf wG awGuawmh wnfNird rf yI &dk NdS y;D oufwrf;&Snyf g ]vdiu f jJG ym;rItavsmuf cGjJ cm;r,fqdk &Sdaewmawmh xif&Sm;ygw,f/ a,musfm;[m w,f/ 'Dtcsuf ukd axmufvYdk a,musmf ;awGrmS &if pdwx f ufoefr?I owå&d rdS ?I ,SONf yKid rf aI wG[m a,musmf ;? rde;f r [m rde;f rygyJ/ k kd oGufvuf vsifjrefrI? pdwftm;xufoefrI? a,musmf ;awGrmS wnf&NdS y;D ]pdwjf zihf tvdv vlwdkY&JUobm0t& 'DuGJjym;jcm;em; tvk d q E´ B uD ; rm; rI ? tajymif ; tvJ r sm;rI ? od&rdS -I tm½kcH pH m;rI? qE´awG[m} rde;f rawGrmS csufawG[mvnf; b,fenf;eJYrQ wlnDvmEkdif zGHUNzKd;wkd;wufrI? tpOD;pGm vkyfaqmifwwfrI wnf a eygw,f / 'D v k d e J Y rd e f ; rawG [ m p&mtaMumif;r&Sdwm trSefygyJ/ a,musfm;eJY bmaMumih&f w oltBuKduf qkH;a,musfm;ukd a&G;cs,f,lNyD; dS ,f qkw d m odEidk yf gw,f/ rdef;r? cE¨mukd,fwnfaqmufykHjcif;rwlovkd d Bf uKu d t f &nf rde;f rawGrmS vnf; wnfNird rf ?I a&S;½k;d (arG;vmwJ)h uav;awGudk olpY w tawG ; tac:awG v nf ; uG m jcm;ygw,f / pGrJ ?I ckid Nf rrJ ?I Muifemwwfr?I opöm&Srd eI YJ onf;cH tcsif;jynhf ykHoGif;zkdY tqkH;tjzwf ay;wwfMu wpfenf;tm;jzihf um,eJYÓPykdif;ESpfckvkH; pdwaf wG&w dS mukd oabmaygufem;vnfc&hJ wm ygw,f/ rwlnMD uygbl;/ 'Dvq dk adk yr,hf rde;f reJaY ,musmf ; ygyJ/ a,musmf ;awGu wd&pämefawGvkd cGet wDxiG o f al wGtaeeJaY wmh rde;f rawG f m; b,foo l mw,fvYkd ajymvdrYk &ygbl;/ zked rYJ &,f ukd tokH;csNyD; rdef;rawGuawmh yef;awGvkd xJrmS &Sm;yg;Ny;D a,musm;f awGxrJ mS rsm;aMumif; vdkY wpforwfwnf; wpftkyfpkpDcGJxm;wmudku pGr;f tm;ukd odak vSmifxm;ygw,f/ wpfenf;tm; txl;ajymp&mrvkad wmhygbl;/ 'Dvq dk &dk ayr,hf obm0&JUtjcif;t&mwpf&yfyg/ a,musfm;eJY jzihf a,musmf ;awGu ]A[kcd mG tm;} t& ½ke;f uef vlY,Ofaus;rItaqmuftOD;BuD;BuD;udkawmh f jJG ym;rI tvku d f ol½Y aI xmihef o YJ l jzef Y u suf w J h o abm&S d N yD ; rd e f ; rawG u awmh rd e f ; rawG t ay: rl w nf N yD ; xl a xmif M u& rde;f r[m vdiu
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/
ygw,f/ bmaMumifv h q J adk wmh a,musmf ;awG [m uvva&Munfwnfpuwnf;u tNrw J rf; tNidrfraebJ oGufvufzswfvwfpGm vIyf&Sm; aeygw,f/ rde;f rawGusawmh uvva&Munf wnfpuwnf;ukdu at;aq;NidrfoufolawG tjzpf £a`E&´ &&Sw d wfygw,f/ 'gaMumifv h nf; vl, Y Ofaus;rItaqmufttkBH u;D ukd a,musmf ; awG wnfaqmufw,fqkdayr,hf rdef;rawG tay:rlwnfNy;D xlaxmifMu&wmyg/ rde;f rawGu vkyif ef;ukd tpysK;d wwf olawGjzpfNy;D a,musmf ;awGu ukeo f , G af &;ukd pMuygw,f/ rdef;rawGu pl;aqmufud&d,m awGtokH;jyKNyD; vufrIvkyfief;awGvkyfaqmif wwfMuygao;w,f/ a,musfm;awGuawmh ysif;ysif;&d&dMum;uyJ wDxGifEkdifpGrf;&SdMu&mu pufBu;D awGeYJ pGr;f tifawGudk wyfqifazmfxw k f olawGjzpfvmMuygw,f/ NyD;awmh rem;rae c&D;oGm;&wmukd aysmyf u kd w f ahJ ,musmf ;awG[m rD;&xm;awG? rD;oabFmawG? Ekid if w H umukeo f , G f a&;vkyif ef; awGukd wDxiG cf MhJ uwmqkyd gawmh/ rd e f ; rom;awG u awmh wpf a e&mwnf ; rS m ausmufcsNy;D at;at;aq;aq;? Nird Nf ird af v; aecsif w J h p ½k d u f t & tk d ; ajctd r f a jcawG vl r I a &;"avh x k H ; pH a wG e J Y ywf 0 ef ; usif u k d ykad umif;atmif BuK;d yrf;ol awG jzpfcMhJ uygw,f/ a,musfm;awGeJYywfoufwJhvkyfief; awGuawmh Oya'jyKa&;vkyfief;? rdrdEkdifiHukd umuG,zf Ykd ppfa&;vkyif ef;? vlq;dk vlru dk f &efudk &Si;f vif;zkYd &J0efxrf;vkyif ef;? wDxiG rf I vkyif ef;? owåKw;l azmfjcif;vkyif ef;? rD;&xm;? um;vrf;rsm; azmufvyk jf cif;vkyif ef;? pufjyif tif*sief , D m vkyfief;? oabFmom;vkyfief;rsm;eJY pGefYpm;&Sm azGr?I avaMumif;yso H ef;rI? odyyHÜ nm? 'óedu aA'? pme,f Z if ; vk y f i ef ; ? a[majymrI vkyif ef;rsm;tjyif abmvk;H upm;jcif;? avmif; upm;jcif;awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ rdef;rawGeJYqkdifwJhtvkyfawGuawmh tdrfaxmifxdef;odrf;jcif;? uav;awGarG;zGm; jcif;eJY jyKpkapmihfa&Smufjcif;? vlrIa&;vkyfief;? csufa&;jyKwfa&;? t0wftpm;csKyfvkyfa&;? ukov kd af &;eJY ypön;f ypö, 0,f,pl ak qmif;a&; pwJh vkyfief;awGygyJ/ usm;r cGJjcm;owfrSwf rxm;wJv h yk if ef;awGvnf; &Syd gao;w,f/ uAsm a&;zGUJ wm? yef;csq D w JG m? oDcsi;f pyfwm? pdwu f ;l ,Of 0 w¦ K a&;wm? pmoif w m? usef ; rma&; olemjyKvyk if ef; pwmawGygyJ/ a,musfm;awG&JUvIyf&Sm;rIe,fy,fu us,0f ef;oavmuf rde;f rawGuawmh tdrw f iG ;f ykef;b0eJY usOf;ajrmif;wJhe,fy,fav;rSmyJ
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orm; iS m ;&rf ; &mrS m yJ j zpf j zpf ? uk e f y pö n f ; 'DZkdif;opf xGif&mrSmyJjzpfjzpf 'DtcsufawGukd ta&;xm; pOf;pm;zkYd vdyk gw,f/ rsufarSmufacwf (1961) ypöKyÜef umvtxd tvkyo f rm;awGudk ae&mcsxm;rI rS m a,mif 0 g;0g;eJ Y vG J r S m ;aeMuwk e f ; ygyJ / a,musmf ;awGeo YJ ifah wmfwt hJ vkyrf mS rde;f rawG a&muf a eNyD ; rd e f ; rawG v k y f & r,f h a e&mrS m a,musfm;awG0ifvkyfaeMuwm rqDravsmf awGU&ygw,f/ tar&duefrmS (1961) tvkyf trsK;d tpm;aygif; (303)rsK;d &Sw d t hJ xJu (294) rsK;d udk rde;f rawG 0ifvyk af ew,fvYkd pm&if;Z,m; awGu jyqkyd gw,f/ 'gawmif olwu Ykd a&SUae awG? tif*sief , D mawGjzpfzYkd BuK;d pm;aeMuygao; owJh/ yxrurÇmppfBuD;twGif; trsKd;orD; OD;a& (2)ef;ausm[ f m tdru f xGuNf y;D tvky½f ?Hk puf ½ k H a wG r S m oG m ;vk y f c J h M uw,f / 'g[m uReaf wmfw&Ykd UJ pufrv I yk if ef;pepfudk rvTrJ a&Smif om ajymif;vJcJhap&ma&mufwJhtcsufygyJ/ 'DvdkeJY puf½kHtvkyf½kHawGu vlrIa&; (b0) tajctaeawG[m tHhtm;oihfp&maumif; atmif jrihfrm;wkd;wufvmygw,f/ 'Dtjyif uReaf wmfwYkd BuKw d ifrrSe;f qEkid w f hJ tajctae t&yf&yfudk ajymif;vJypfcw hJ ,f (apcJw h ,f)qkd &rSmygyJ/ ukex f w k q f ufqaH &;eJY ul;oef;a&mif; 0,fa&;u@rSm a,musmf ;awGu 'DZidk ;f opfawG wDxiG o f l vuf&if;q&mawGjzpfco hJ vkd ta&mif; aps;uGufrSm rdef;rawGu qkH;jzwfay;aeqJ jzpfygw,f/ ]]Ny;D awmh trsK;d orD;awGu aps;0,f awGyg/ a&mif;ukeaf wG&UJ 5 yk-H 4 yku H dk trsK;d orD;awGu 0,fMuwmqkdygawmh/ 'geJYtrQ aps;awGrSm olwdkY(rdef;rawG)u BuD;pkd;xm;yg w,f/ olwu Ydk bPfawG? puf½aHk wGxufawmif t&Sed t f 0g ykBd u;D ygao;&JU/ wpfurÇmvk;H eJcY sND y;D Munhv f u kd &f if rde;f rawGu 0,fvt dk m;tBu;D qk;H tkyfpkBuD;jzpfaewm awGU&rSmyg/ rdef;rawG (tcsi;f csi;f ) pnf;½k;H rIoyd rf &Sw d mbJ uHaumif; ygao;w,f/ olwdkYawG pnf;½kH;rdMu&ifawmh pD;yGm;a&;eJY ukefxkwfvkyfief;awGrSm MoZm tmPmt&Sq d ;Hk ]pD;yGm;a&;bk&ifrawG} jzpfvm rSmrvGyJ gbl;/ (Herbert.N. Casson)\ (How to Undersrand Human Nature) pmtk y f tcef;(12)rS zkdeJYr vlYobm0- wpfpGef; wpfp avh v mok H ; oyf c suf r sm;uk d aumuf E I w f azmfjyjcif;om jzpfygonf/ (pma&;ol) &S i f Ó P(zsmyk H ) 0ef c H c suf txufyg ][m;bwfuwfqif} \ pD;yGm;a&; usr;f udk bmomjyefqo dk rl mS yef;a&TjynfpmayrS OD;nDnDEkdifjzpfygonf/
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/
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Ak'¨ESpf 2600 BudKqdkjcif; t&Sifokpdwåom&(rkwfuRef;&wem) urÇmay:&Sd Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;tm;vk;H ESifh jrefrmjynf? jrefrmvlrsK;d trsm;pkwYkd a&S;ya0 PD E S p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m uyif av;pm;jrwf E k d ; wefzkd;xm;um qnf;uyfukd;uG,fcJhMuaom Ak'¨omoemawmfjrwfBuD;tm; wnfaxmif zefqif;awmfrlcJhaom Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ oufwrf;awmfonf ,ckEpS q f v dk Qif ESpaf ygif; (2600)wif;wif; jynhcf yhJ gNy/D ,cka&muf&q dS J jzpfaom omoemawmfESpf (2555)ckonf Ak'¨ jrwfpmG y&deAd mÁ efp0H ifawmfrNl y;D ]]yXrç oH*g ,em} wifawmfrrl S owfrw S cf ahJ om omoem awmfESpfjzpfonfrkdY ,if;omoemawmfESpf (2555)ckESpfESihf Ak'¨jrwfpGm bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&muf&adS wmfrNl y;D onfrS y&deAd mÁ efrjyKrD (45)0g odrYk [kwf (45)ESpaf om oufwrf;ukd xnhí f aygif;vQif jrwfAk'¨\oufwrf;(oufawmf) onf ESpfaygif;(2600) wif;wif;jynhfcJhNyD jzpfonf/ rSwfcsuf/ / EkdifiHwumokH; ouú&mZfjzihf odvv dk Qif ]Ak'b ¨ &k m;} tjzpfoaYdk &mufonfEh pS f jzpfaom bDpD (589) ESihf ,cka&mufqJjzpf aom c&pfESpf(at'D) 2011 ckaygif;vQif ESpaf ygif; (2600)yifjzpfonf/ Ak ' ¨ a vmif ; vsmjzpf a om od ' ¨ w ¦ rif;om;ukd r[mouú&mZf (68)ckEpS ?f uqkef vjynhf aomMumaeY? c&pfESpfray:rD bDpD (623) wGif rZÑrd a'o (tdE, d´ Ekid if )H r*"wdik ;f ? uydv0wfjynhf&Sif bk&ifoka'¨g"erif;ESihf awmifnmpH t*¾ra[oD rdzk&m;BuD; rm,m a'0DwdkYrS zGm;jrifawmfrlcJhonf/ oufawmf (29)ES p f w G i f xD ; eef ; pnf ; pd r f u d k p G e f Y í awmxGuw f &m;usicfh hJ &m oufawmf(35)ESp?f r[mouú&mZf (103) ckESpf? uqkefvjynhf? Ak'[ ¨ ;l aeY? bDpD (589)wGif oAÁnKwa&TÓPf &Sif or®morÁK'b ¨ &k m;tjzpfoYkd a&muf&adS wmf rlcJhNyD; a0ae,sowå0gtrsm; wdkYtm; opöm av;yg; w&m;wd k Y u k d a[mawmf r l í acrmaomif wpf b uf u rf ; ed A Á m ef e ef ; od k Y yd k Y a qmif a wmf r l c J h o nf / Ak ' ¨ j rwf p G m onf omoemawmfBuD;udk wnfaxmifawmfrlí owå0gtaygif;wd\ Yk tusK;d ukd raerem; aqmif &GufawmfrlNyD;onhfaemuf oufawmf(80)? 0gawmf(45)0g? r[mouú&mZf(148)ckESpf? uqkev f jynhf t*FgaeY? bDp(D 544)wGif y&deAd mÁ ef pH0ifawmfrlcJhayonf/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;&Sif y&deAd mÁ efp0H ifawmfrNl y;D
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r[maAm"dyifteD;odkY a&muf&SdvmMuaomf ]Ak'¨wpfql} yGihfawmfrlaMumif; od&avvQif 0rf;omtm;& a&muf&v dS mMuNy;D zl;ajrm§ Mf unfnKd o'¨gykdí rkefY<uufuspfrsm;? ysm;rkefYqGrf;rsm; qufuyfvSL'gef;NyD;vQif ]Ak'H¨ o&PH *pämrd? "r® o &PH *pä m rd } [l a om ]a'G 0 gpd u o&P*k H } uk d aqmuf w nf M uavonf / (xkdorkdif; aMumif;t& jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm; onf yxrqk H ; Ak ' ¨ b mom0if r sm;jzpf c J h onfukd awGU&rnfjzpfonf/ pum;csyf/) xk d Y a emuf uk e f o nf n D a emif w d k Y u aemift&SnfMum ukd;uG,fylaZmfp&m csD;jr§ihf ay;oem;awmfrlyg[k avQmufxm;awmif;yef Muojzihf jrwfb&k m;u aemifumv omoem awmf xGe;f vif;awmufyrnht f a&;ukd jrifawmf rlojzihf OD;acgif;awmfukd vufawmfjzihf oyf awmfr&l m uyfNií d ygvmonhf &Spq f u l ek af om ]qHawmfjrwfrsm;} ukd ay;oem;awmfrlí oifwYkd a'o&Sd ]od*w Fk &å awmifawmf} udk &SmazGí apwD wnf x m;&ef rde fY M um;awmf r la v\/ ukefonfnDaemifwdkYonf 0rf;omtm;& yihf aqmifvmcJMh uNy;D Ouúvmyrif;Bu;D xH qufo Muojzifh Ouúvmyrif;Bu;D uk, d af wmfwidk f jrwf bk&m;\ Asm'dwfawmftwkdif; od*Fkwå&awmif awmfjrwfukd &SmazGí awGU&SdavvQif a&S;u yGiafh wmfrNl y;D aom jrwfb&k m; ok;H qlw\ Ykd tok;H taqmif y&dabm*rsm;ESit fh wl qHawmfjrwf rsm;udk Xmyemí apwDwnfxm; uk;d uG,af wmf rlcahJ vonf/ xk d a pwD a wmf j rwf B uD ; onf u m; ]av;qlaom "gwfawmfjrwf} wdYk ude;f 0yfawmf rl&m ]]a&Twd*kHapwDawmfjrwfBuD;}} yifjzpfyg awmhonf/ a&Twd*kHapwDawmfjrwfBuD;onf Ouúvmyrif;BuD;vufxufrS ,ckumvwkdif ESppf Of Ak'y¨ Zl ed,yGaJ wmfudk waygif;vjynhaf eY wGif pnfum;oku d Nf rKu d pf mG jzihf usi;f yvmcJo h nf rSm ,cka&mufqJ aumZmESpf(1373)ckESpf? waygif;vjynhfaeYqkdvQif yGJawmfusif;yonhf tBudrfaygif; (2600)odYk wdkifcJhNyDjzpfonf/ ,ck E S p f r S m ,cif E S p f r sm;ES i h f r wl Ak ' ¨ E S p f (oufawmf) 2600 ESpjf ynhEf iS v fh nf; BuKBH uKu d f aeojzihf Ak'¨ylZed,yGJawmfudk txl;wvnf taetm;jzihf crf;em;pGm usi;f yMuayvdrrhf nf/ a&T w d * k H a pwD a wmf j rwf B uD ; onf oufwrf;tm;jzihf ESpaf ygif; (2600)&Scd NhJ y;D jzpf aomfvnf; omoemawmfukd tvGefav;pm;
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
10
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jrwfE;dk wefz;dk xm;Muukeaf om wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyf cJo h nhf rif;tqufqufwEYkd iS fh jynfot l rsm;wdYk u acwftqufquf tpOfwpku d f jyKjyifrrG ;f rH cJ h M uojzih f &wemrsKd ; pk H w d k Y \ ta&mif w d k Y j zih f NyKd ; NyKd ; jyuf j yuf E S i h f opf v G i f a wmuf y vsuf &Sad eqJjzpfygonf/ þapwDawmfjrwfBu;D onf urÇmay:wGif oufwrf;t&Snq f ;Hk ? &wemrsK;d pkH wdkYESihf ylaZmfxm;&Sdojzihf wefzkd;tBuD;rm;qkH;? xkxnfBuD;rm;jcif;ESihftwl xl;jcm;qef;jym; vSaom jrefrmhAdokum vuf&mrsm;pGmwdkYjzihf jynhfESufvsuf&Sdaom Ak'¨omoem taqmuf ttkBH u;D wpfql jzpf½o Hk mru Ak'o ¨ moemawmf wGif ]]apwDtp a&Twd*kHu}} [k qkdprSwfjyK& rnhf yxrtOD;qk;H ay:aygufcahJ om Ak'¨ tarG tESpfwdkY wnfudef;&m apwDawmfjrwfBuD;vnf; jzpfay&m jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkYtwGuf Ak'¨omoem awmfEiS yfh wfoufvQif *kP, f zl , G &f m taumif; qkH;yifjzpfygawmhonf/ urÇmay:&Sd vl om;wdik ;f onf rdrw d \ Ydk arG;aeYukd tjrwfwEkd; wefzkd;xm;í ESpfwpfESpf ukefqHk;wkdif; arG;aeYr*FvmyGJtjzpf usif;yMu ouJo h Ykd rdrw d , Ykd MHk unfu;dk uG,&f m bmomw&m; ESihf oufqkdifaom aeYxl;aeYjrwfrsm;udkvnf; ESpw f pfywfvnfwidk ;f wcrf;wem; usi;f yavh &SMd uayonf/ xku d o hJ yYkd if urÇmAh 'k b ¨ mom Ekid if H toD;oD;wdw Yk iG v f nf; Ak'b ¨ &k m;&SiEf iS o fh ufqidk f
aom aeYxl;aeYjrwfrsm;wGif txl;xl;aom ylaZmfjcif;wkdYjzihf ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; ylaZmfMuNrJ jzpfygonf/ ,ckESpfrSmrlum; &mpkESpfwpfck (ESpfwpf&m)wGif wpfBudrfom BuKHcGihf&aom BuKaH wmifBh uKcH jJ yKciG &fh aom ]&mpkEpS }f yGaJ wmfBu;D jzpfygonf/ xkaYd Mumihv f nf; Ak'E¨ pS f (2600)jynhf txdrf;trSwftjzpf Ak'¨bmom0ifEkdifiHrsm; usi;f yaeMuNyjD zpfonf/ vGecf ahJ om vydik ;f u yif oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif Ak'¨ESpf(2600)jynhf txdr;f trSwyf aJG wmfBu;D ukd wpfEidk if v H ;Hk twdik ;f twmjzihf usi;f ycJMh uaMumif; Mum;odc&hJ onf/ xkyd aJG wmfBu;D usi;f yykrH mS vGepf mG tm;usz, G &f m aumif;ojzihf jrefrmjynfom; Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwYkd twk,lzG,f&mtjzpf tenf;i,frQ wifjyay; ygrnf/ tcrf;tem;usi;f yonhaf eYwiG f oD&d vuFmEkid if ?H NrKUd &Gmrsm;&Sd omoedu taqmuf ttk H r sm;? vrf ; rsm;ES i h f ae&mtEH S Y t jym;ü fh x l m;½ko H mru omoemhtvHawmfrsm;ukd vTix oGm;vmarmif;ESiaf eMuaom ,mOfBu;D ,mOfi,f toG,foG,fwdkYüvnf; omoemhtvHrsm;ukd vTihfxlxm;Muonf/ NrKdUolNrKdUom;rsm;onf 0wfjzLpifMu,fwu dYk dk txufatmuf (wpfu, dk f vkH;) 0wfqifí omoemtvHrsm;udk ukdif aqmifum vSnhfvnfylaZmfMuonf[k qkdyg onf/ ae&mwdik ;f wGiv f nf; tm[m&'getjzpf
pmrsufESm 4 rS ysuo f mG ;w,fqw kd hJ rNrw J t hJ edpo ö abmw&m;/ ay:vmNy;D aemuf vH;k 0 aysmufu, G o f mG ;w,fqw kd hJ tedpo ö abmw&m;awGukd jrifvmwm/ tJ'g f hJ vu©Pm) udk ½Ijrifw,fvYkd 'Dvakd jymwm omrnvu©Pm (trsm;qdik w aemf/ tJ'v D kd jrwfpmG bk&m;u tjriftm½Hek yYJ wfoufNy;D awmh 'Dw&m; (6) rsKd ;udk ½Irw S zf Ykd &Sit f meE´uakd [mw,f/ aomw'Gg&qkdif&m ½IjrifyHk xdt Yk wlyJ tMum;tm½Hek YJ ywfoufwmuvnf; (6) rsKd ;yJ/ toH u em;xJrmS 0ifvmw,f/ em;xJrmS toHuMkd um;vku d &f w,f/ Mum;vku d f &wJt h cgrSm Mum;odpw d af y:vmw,f/ Mum;odpw d af y:vmawmh tm½Hek YJ qufoG,frIqdkwJh zó ay:vmw,f/ ay:vmwJhtcg cHpm;rIqdkwJh a0'emay:vmw,f/ (5) cky/J em;&,f? toH&,f? Mum;odpw d &f ,f? zó &,f? a0'em&,f a[m'Dtwkid ;f yJvmw,f/ vlwidk ;f &JU vlo Y bm0[m 'Dtwkid ;f yJav/ bmav;Mum;vku d Mf um;vku d f 'Dtwkid ;f yJ/ w&m;xdik af e&if;
]pwk'Dom} rsm;ukd wpfaysmfwpfyg; wnfcif; auR;arG;MuNyD; NrKdUxJwGifvnf; t&ufaopm ta&mif;qkdifrsm; vkH;0rawGU&? a&mif;csjcif; vnf;r&S?d aomufpm;rl;,pforl sm;vnf; r&SMd u bJ toef&Y iS ;f qk;H aom ylaZmfjcif;rsK;d jzihf Ak'E¨ pS f (2600)jynhu f dk BuKq d *dk P k jf yKcMhJ uaMumif; r*Fvm owif;aumif;ukd tcrf;tem;odYk wufa&muf cJah om jrefrmjynfrS uk, d pf m;vS,w f \ Ykd azmfjy csuft& od&SdcJh&onf/ odkYygaomaMumihf oD&dvuFmuJhodkY uRef;EkdifiHav;wpfEkdifiHuyif trsm;pHxm; avmufatmif Ak'\ ¨ ]oufawmfEpS }f (2600) jynhfukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; BuKdqkdcJhMuonfqkdyg vQif Ak'b ¨ momESifh ywfoufvmu ]xdyq f ;Hk rS &yfwnfaeonhf EkdifiHBuD;wpfEkdifiH} tjzpf tod t rS w f j yKcH & onh f jref r mEk d i f i H r S Ak ' ¨ bmom0ifrsm;uvnf; wpfEkdifiHvkH; twkdif; twmjzihf EkdifiHwumu pHerlemxm;avmuf atmif? av;pm;avmufatmif rnfuo hJ rYkd sm; pnfum;okdufNrKdufpGm cif;usif;í BuKdqkdMu? ylaZmfMurnfqkdonfudk apmihfarQmfMunhf½IMu &ayOD;awmhrnfomjzpfonf/ / rSjD irf;r[mAk'0¨ if? a&Tw*d aHk pwDawmf orkid ;f / t&S i f o k p d w å o m&(rk w f u Ref ; &wem)
em;u toHwpfcck Mk um;vku d rf ,f/ Mum;vdu k &f if 'Dtwkid ;f yJvmrSmyJ/ 'g b,fy*k Kd¾ vyf jJ zpfjzpf/ tm½Hpk u kd Nf y;D awmh Munhaf v/ em;xJrmS bmoHav;yJ Mum;vku d Mf um;vku d /f Mum;vdu k w f meJY wpfNyKd ief uf Mum;odpw d u f av;[m bGm;ueJay:vmNy;D aysmufomG ;wmyJ/ tJ'g tm½Hak v;eJq Y ufo, G rf q I w kd m vnf; ay:vmwmyJ/ cHpm;rIqw kd mvnf; ay:vmwmyJ/ Mum;wJt h oH[m om,mzG,q f &kd if 0rf;omw,f? rom,mbl;qd&k if 0rf;enf;w,fqw kd m ay:vmw,f/ Mum;csifwJhtoHqdk&if pdwfxJrSm oabmusoGm;w,f/ rMum;csiw f t hJ oHqv kd &Ykd &dS if pdwx f u J oabmrusb;l / 'Dvjdk zpfomG ;w,f/ tJawmh tJ'o D bm0w&m;awG tm;vH;k [m rNrw J o hJ bm0w&m; awG/ rNro J nht f wGuaf Mumifh 'kuj© zpfwhJ obm0w&m;awG/ 'kuj© zpfonhf twGuaf Mumifh twår[kww f hJ obm0w&m;awGukd ]ig? igh[m} vdYk r½I& [l;/ ]ig? ihg[m} r[kwb f ;l vdYk ½Ijrif&r,fvYkd qdw k maemf/ 'g &Sit f meE´ukd jrwfpmG bk&m;uaeNy;D awmh 0dyóemur®|mef;w&m;udk a[may;wm/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/
11
vlru dk f (10) OD; tómod w yómod w rawå e AvEÅd ZD0EÅw D -d Amvm/ todtvdrm® ? ÓPfynmrzuf xGuf oufç 0ifouf½½I u Id ½f rkH QeYJ touf&iS af ewJyh *k Kd¾ vf wdu Yk kd vlru kd çf vltç vleç vl,w k rf mvdYk ac:qdk Muyg\/ a'G teaw¬ vmEÅd *PSEw DÅ -d Amvm ,ckvuf&b dS 0tusKd ;rJ?h aemifb0oHo&mtusKd ; rJq h w kd hJ tusKd ;rJh 2 yg;udk &,lwwf vuf&odr;f ydu k w f wfwhJ vlrsm;udv k J ]]Amv- vlru kd }f } vdYk ac:qdk&ygonf/ wpfcgwke;f u olaX;Bu;D wpfa,muf onf wynhjf zpfou l vlru kd Bf u;D (10) a,muf tm; &SmazGí pm&if;aumufcJh&ef wm0efay; vkdufonf/ wynhfjzpfolvnf; olaX;BuD;\ wm0efay;csut f & pm&if;aumuf&ef c&D;xGuf cJhavawmhonf/ olaX;BuD;wynhfonf c&D;xGufvm &m jrpfwpfckodkYa&mufvm\/ vlwpfa,muf onf jrpfxrJ aS &rsm;udck yfxw k af eonfukd awGU vk d u f & \/ bmaMumih f c yf x k y f a eonf u k d odcsiv f mí taMumif;pHu k kd ar;jref;Munho f nf/ xd k t cg a&cyf x k y f a ewJ h v l u ]]&G m xJ u uRefawmfBudKufaewJh uGrf;awmifudkiftvSr'D av;u jrpfxJu a&awGukefatmifcyfxkyf Edkif&if uRefawmfudk vufxyfr,fwJh/ tJ'g olt Y cspu f &kd atmif BuKd ;yrf;aewmAs}} ]]tif;- awmfawmfru dk rf NJ y;D pOf;pm;ÓPf r&Sw d yhJ *k Kd¾ vyf /J xdo k el mrnfuakd r;Ny;D vlru dk ef yH gwf (1) tjzpf pm&if;rSwv f u dk o f nf/ xdjk rpfaMumif;twkid ;f qufvufxu G f cGmvm&m vlwpfa,mufonf jrpfxw J iG f avSudk tpkeftqef tacgufacguftcgcg avSavSmf aeonfuakd wGU&jyefonf/ olaX;Bu;D \wynhu f tusdK;taMumif;ar;jref;av\/ avSavSmaf ewJv h u l ]]usKyo f il ,fcsi;f *si;f oD;ayhg? raeYu usKyEf mG ;iSm;Ny;D wpfaeukef ckdif;vkdufwm EGm;udk zwfzwfarmaewmAsm? usKyu f vJ b,f&rvJ? olaY vSuikd mS ;Ny;D wpfaeYv;kH tm;&yg;&avSmNf y;D vufpm;acsaewmavAsm}} olaX;BuD;wynhfvnf; tHhMopGmjzihf xdv\ l emrnfuakd r;Ny;D vlru dk ef yH gwf (2) tjzpf pm&if;,lvkdufavonf/ xdkYaemufqufvufxGufcGmvmcJh&m vlwpfa,mufonf opfyifay:üxdkifaeNyD; wpfa,mufaomopfcw k o f rm;u ]xdv k x l ikd af e
aom opfyifBu;D tm; ckwv f aJS e\/ olaX;Bu;D wynhu f ]a[hv-l opfyifay:u qif;avAsm? atmuf r S m opf y if c k w f v S J a ew,f / xd k t cg opfyifay:rSmvlu]]uRefawmfopfyifay:wufNyD; jyef rqif;wwfvdkY tJ'gawGUwJh opfckwform;udk ajymNyD; opfyifvcJS idk ;f aewmyg/ 'DopfyifvrJ S vG,v f , G u f u l l uReaf wmfatmufa&mufEikd rf mS yg}} olaX;Bu;D wynhv f nf; tHMh ooGm;Ny;D ]]rxl;ygbl;? 'Dvel mrnfar;Ny;D vlru dk pf m&if;oGi;f vku d ½f akH yhg/ olaXBu;D wynhv f nf; xdv k el mrnf ar;Ny;D vlru kd ef yH gwf (3) pm&if;oGi;f vku d af v onf/ 'D v d k e J Y q uf v uf x G u f c G m vmcJ h & m awmpyfwpfae&mta&mufwiG f vlwpfa,muf onf "m;rudu k ikd v f suf wGi;f 0wpfcw k iG f xdik af e avonf/ odEYk iS o fh al X;Bu;D wynhu f ]]a[hv-l wGi;f 0xkid Nf y;D bmvkyaf ewm vJ}} ]]uRefawmf ajr<uufwpfaumifudk vku d zf rf;aewmyg/ tckwiG ;f xJ0ifomG ;vdYk tJ'g f m <uufxu G v f matmif apmihaf ewmyg/ xGuv vd k Y u awmh a[m'D "m;reJ Y c k w f o wf z d k Y y gyJ } } ]]rxGuv f m&ifaumAsm}} ]]xGuv f mrSmygAsm/ <uufuwGi;f xJrmS MumMumb,faeEdik rf mS vJ/ olvnf; ae&xdik &f MuyfvYkd xGuu f v kd mrSm? xGuv f mvdu Yk awmh tod yJ/ uReaf wmfu ajr<uufom;t&rf;t&rf;BuKd uf wmAs/ xdo k \ l pum;tqH;k rSm olaX;Bu;D wynhf onf oufjyif;csNy;D emrnfar;um olru kd ef yH gwf (4) tjzpf pm&if;oGi;f vku d af vonf/ vlrkdufpm&if;aumufzdkY qufvuf xGucf mG vm&m olaX;Bu;D wynho f nf &Gmwpf&mG od k Y a&muf & S d v mav\/ &G m t0if v rf ; wG i f vlwpfa,muf vufEpS zf ufajrm§ ufvsuf zifxikd f vsuf vJaeonfuakd wGUvku d &f onf/ ]]a[hvl- xavAsm? bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ ajcaxmufemoGm;vdv Yk m;/ uReaf wmfxal y;r,f}} ajymajymqdkqdk olaX;BuD;wynhfonf xdkvl\ vufESpfzufudkudkifrnftjyK]][m-rdwfaqG rudkifeJY? rudkifeJY/ uReaf wmfux kd &l if csKd i;f urNy;D xlay;}} olaX;Bu;D wynhv f nf; xdv k al jymonhf twkid ;f csKd i;f urNy;D xlay;vku d o f nf/ odaYk omf xdv k u l vufuakd jrm§ ufNrt J wkid ;f ajrm§ ufxm;\/ ]]'geJ-Y cifAsm;vufEpS zf ufu csvrYkd &
vu©P (aysmfbG,f)
bl;vm;? taMumuyfaewmvm;¿}} ]]r[kwyf gbl;Asm? uReaf wmfaowåm0,f rvkYd NrKd Uay:wufvmwm/ tJ'gtdru f aowåm ta[mif;twkid ;f udk vufEpS zf ufew YJ idk ;f vmcJw h m rawmfwqacsmv f NJ y;D vJaewke;f rdwaf qGa&muf vmNy;D ulnaD y;vdaYk us;Zl;txl;wifygw,f}} olaX;BuD;wynhfvJxdkoludkemrnf ar;Ny;D vlru kd ef yH gwf (5) tjzpf owfrw S v f u dk f avonf/ NyD;awmhrS olaX;BuD;wynhfvnf; &GmxJo0Y k d ifvmcJah v\/ vrf;c&D;wGif vlEpS af ,muf jiif;ckeaf eonfuakd wGU&í taMumif;pHu k kd ar; Munh\ f / yxrvlu- ]]uReaf wmfuajymw,f? aiGxyk af umuf&&if c&D;u twlwx l u G v f mwm rdYk wpfa,mufwpf0ufyikd o f ifw h ,fv}Ykd } xdt k cg 'kw, d vlu]]r[kwfbl;? r[kwfbl;/ aiGxkyfudk t&ifawGUwJv h u l ydNk y;D &oihw f mayhg? r[kwb f ;l vm;Asm/ 'geJY olaX;BuD;wynhfu ]]aeygOD; cifAsm;wdu Yk tJ'aD iGxyk u f kd aumuf&xm;Nyv D m;}} ]][D ; ..[D ; ? r&ao;ygbl ; Asm? aumuf & cJ h & if q d k N yD ; jiif ; ck e f a eMuwmyg/ csuf c sif ; yif ol a X;BuD ; wynh f v nf ; xd k v l dk ef yH gwf ESpaf ,muf&UJ emrnfawGuakd r;Ny;D vlru (6) ESihf vlru dk ef yH gwf (7) [k pm&if;jyKvu dk af v onf/ wpfzefqufNy;D xd&k mG rSaeí c&D;xGuf vm&m a&uefwpfcw k iG f vlwpfa,mufa&epf aeolukd usew f pfO;D u qif;u,f&m a&epfou l kd zuf&rf;q,frdaomaMumihf u,fq,fol\ ud k , f a y:od k Y a&epf o l u wuf í pD ; ojzih f [efcsurf nDjzpfum u,fq,faomvlrmS a&epf aoav\/ trSefu a&epfoludk zuf&rf;í rq,fbJ opf0g;urf;vSr;f í wpfcck u k t kd rSjD yK& atmif jyKvyk af y;oih\ f / pmrsufESm 32 odkY
DHAMMA DEW
12
"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/
avmuoHk;yg;tqHk;odkYa&mufNyD;aomyk*¾dKvf World-ender, who hath passed beyond [Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif à tMuifyk*¾dKvfonf tjrwft,kwfw&m;wdkYudk ÓPfjzihf aumif;pGmouf a &muf v suf zsuf q D ; NyD ; jzpf í ? ,if ; w&m;wk d Y uG , f aysmufukef\/ r&Sdukef/ r*f[laom jrwfaomtusihfudk usihfoHk;NyD;onfjzpfí avmuoHk;yg;\tqHk;odkY a&mufaomxdkyk*¾dKvfudk pifppfurf;wpfzufodkYa&mufaomyk*¾dKvf[k qdktyf\/ à He comprehending all state, high and low, In whom all state are quenched, ended, exist not,- He, knowing all, the God- Life having lived, Is called "Word- ender, who hath passed beyond"
tEk a omwok w f
With the stream
tuREykf o f nf þodMYk um;emcJ&h ygonf/ tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpmG bk&m;onf 0ZÆw D ikd ;f b@&GmwGif oDwif;oH;k aeawmfr\ l / xdt k cg jrwfpmG bk&m;onf &[ef;wdu Yk kd ]]&[ef;wd}Yk } [kac:awmfr\ l / ]]toQifjrwfpGmbk&m;}} [k xdk&[ef;wdkYu jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; jyefMum;avQmufxm;Muuke\ f / jrwfpmG bk&m;onf þa'oemawmfukd rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ &[ef;wdYk þyk*Kd¾ vaf v;rsKd ;wdo Yk nf avmuüxif&mS ;&Su d ek \ f / tb,fav;rsKd ;wdeYk nf;[lr?l oHo&ma&pkeq f if;wwfaomyk*Kd¾ v?f oHo&m a&qef w uf w wf a omyk * ¾ d K vf ? &yf w nf a omoabm&S d a omyk * ¾ d K vf ? urf;wpfzufa&mufu;l ajrmufNy;D í uke;f xufüwnfonhf jrwfaomyk*Kd¾ vf wdyYk ifwnf;/ f o l nf tb,f &[ef;wdYk oHo&ma&pkeq f if;wwfaomyk*Kd¾ v[ enf;/ þavmuü tcsKd Uaomyk*Kd¾ vo f nf umr*kPw f u Ykd v kd nf; rS0D \ J / raumif;rIuu H v kd nf;jyK\/ þyk*Kd¾ vu f kd oHo&ma&pkeq f if;wwfaomyk*Kd¾ vf [k qdt k yf\/ &[ef;wdYk oHo&ma&qefwufwwfaomyk*Kd¾ v[ f o l nf tb,f enf;/ þavmuü tcsKd Uaomyk*Kd¾ vo f nf umr*kPw f u Ykd v kd nf; rrS0D ?J raumif;rIudkvnf;rjyK/ udk,f\qif;&Jjcif;? pdwf\qif;&Jjcif;ESihfwuG rsuf&nf&Trf;pdk idk,dkaomrsufESm&Sdvsufvnf; jynhfpHkpifMu,faom jrwfaomtusiu fh u kd si\ fh / þyk*Kd¾ vu f kd oHo&ma&qefwufwwfaom yk*Kd¾ v[ f q k t kd yf\/ &[ef;wd-Yk &yfwnfaomoabm&Sad om yk*Kd¾ v[ f o l nf tb,f enf;/ þavmuü tcsKd Uaomyk*Kd¾ vo f nf atmufumrbHw k üYkd y#doaE¨ aejcif;tzdkY&Sdonfh ig;yg;aomoHa,mZOf ]taESmiftzGJU} wdkY\ukefjcif; aMumihf Oyywfy#doaE¨wnfae&\/ xdkbHkü y&dedAÁmefjyK\/ xdkbHkrS jyefvnfjcif;oabmr&Sd/ þyk*¾dKvfonf &yfwnfaomoabm&Sdaom yk*Kd¾ v[ f q k t kd yf\/ &[ef;wdYk urf;wpfzufa&mufu;l ajrmufNy;D í uke;f xufüwnf aom jrwfaomyk*Kd¾ v[ f o l nftb,fenf;/ þavmuü tcsKd Uaomyk*Kd¾ vf onf tmoa0gw&m;wd k Y \ uk e f j ci;f a Mumif h tmoa0guif ; aom vGwaf jrmufaom (t&[wåzv kd )f pdwEf iS v fh w G af jrmufaom (t&[wå zdv k )f ynmudk ,ckb0üyif ud, k w f idk x f ;l aomÓPfjzihf rsuaf rSmufjyKí qdu k af &mufvsuaf e\/ þyk*Kd¾ vu f kd urf;wpfzufa&muf ul;ajrmufNy;D í? uke;f xufüwnfonhf jrwfaomyk*Kd¾ v[ f k qdt k yf\/&[ef;wdYk þyk*Kd¾ vaf v; rsdK;wdkYonf avmuüxif&Sm;&Sdukef\[k rdefYawmfrl\/ tcsdKUaom yk * ¾ d K vf w d k Y o nf umr*k P f w d k Y ü rapmif h a &S m uf u k e f o nf j zpf í &m*ruif;MuukefyJ þumrbHkü umr*kPfpnf;pdrfudk cHpm;ukef\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkYonf tzefzefy#doaE¨aejcif;? tkdjcif;odkYuyfukefvsuf
Thus have I heard: On a cretain occasion the Exalted One was staying among the Vijjiana, at Bhan.d.aga-ma. Then the Exalted One addressed the monks, saying "Monks". "Yes, Lord," replied those monks to Exalted One. The Exalted One said: Monks, these four persons are found existing in the world. What four? The person who goes with the stream, he who goes against the stream, he who stands fast, and he who has crossed over, has gone beyound, who stands on dry land,– a bra-hmin. And of what sort, monk, is the person who goes with the stream? Here in the world, monks, a certain person indulges his passions and does wrong deeds. This one is called "a person who goes with the stream." And of what sort, monks, is the person who goes against the stream? Here in the world, monks, a certain person indulges not his passions, he does no wrong deed, but with suffering and dejection, with tearful face and lamentation lives the God- life, complete and utterly fulfilled. This one is called " a person who goes against the stream." And of what sort, monks, is the person who stands fast? Here in the world, monks, a certain person, by destroying the five fetters that bind to the lower worlds, is reborn spontaneously, there meanwhile to pass utterly away, of a nature to return from that world no more. This one is called " a person who stands fast." And of what sort, monks, is the person who has crossed over, gone beyond, who stand on dry land,– a bra-hmin? Here is this world, monks, a certain person, by the destruction of the a-savas, realizes in this very life, by himself thoroughly comprehending it, the heart's release, the release by whisdom, which is free from the a-savas, and having attained it abides therein. This one, monks, is called " a person who has crossed over, gone beyound, who stands on dry land,– a bra-hmin." These four persons, monks, are found existing in the world. Whose give rein to passions, in this world Not passion- freed, in sense- desires delighting, These oft and oft subject to birth and eld, Bondsmen to craving, down the current go. Therefore the sage, here fixed in mindfulness, Not following after lusts and evil deeds, Tho' he may suffer, should abandon passions. pmrsufESm 17 odkY
DHAMMA DEW
13
"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
rSwfom;zG,f&m oH,kwfygVdawmfvm om"k- 'ge (5) rsdK; cifvSjrwfaxG; (tdef*s,frdk;) om0w¬jd ynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü jrwfpmG bk&m;oDwif;oH;k aeawmfrpl Of? wpfcak om nOfo h ef;acgiftcsed üf ewfom;ig;a,mufwYkd onf jrwfpmG bk&m;txHawmfoYkd vma&mufz;l arQmu f efawmhMuí ykpmä ar;jref;jcif;rjyKMuyJ? rdrdwdkYtcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;cJhMuaom ]om"k-'ge} xifjrifcsufwdkYudk avQmufxm;wifjyMuukef\/ xdkewfom;wdkYonf rdrw d \ Ykd ,lqcsurf sm; rSerf rSe?f odw Yk nf; r[kwf rdrw d \ Ykd ,lqcsurf sm; H wnfjyK cdik rf maumif;rGeaf Mumif;udk jrwfpmG bk&m; xHawmfrS axmufct csuf &,lEikd Mf u&ef vma&mufavQmufxm; Mujcif;jzpfonf/ yxrewf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf ]]om"k acg rm&do 'geH}} jrwfpmG bk&m;- 'ge[lorQaumif;ygonfb&k m;/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf qdwq f w d ef m;axmifawmfr\ l / ¤if;yxr ewfom;\ ,lqcsuf ]om"k- 'ge} cdik rf mrSeu f efaMumif;axmufccH sujf yK ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ 'k w d , ewf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf ]]om"k acg rm&do 'geH? tydp tyÜuod® Hydom[k'geH}} jrwfpmG bk&m; 'ge[lonfaumif;ygonf[al om yxrewfom; \pum;rSefygonfbk&m;/ wpfenf;tm;jzihaf vQmufxm;&ygrl? vSLp&m0w¬Kenf;enf;&Sw d m xJu cGaJ 0rQway;vSLtyfaom ]0dbZÆ- 'ge} onf wpfrsKd ;aumif;vSyg onfb&k m;/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf a&S;enf;twkid ;f qdwq f w d af eí axmufcH csufay;awmfrl\/ 'kwd,ewfom;onf rdrd\,lqcsuf ]0dbZÆ- 'ge} aumif;jrwfjcif;udkod&onfjzpfí 0rf;omtm;&jzpfoGm;av\/ wwd , ewf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf ]]om"kacg rm&do'geH? tyÜuod® Hydom[k'geH tydp o'¨g,yd om[k'geH}} jrwfpmG bk&m; 'ge[lorQ rkcsaumi;fygonf/ 0w¬Kenf;enf;&Sd wmxJu vSLwmvnf;aumif;ygonf/ ,cifewfom;ESpaf ,muf\ pum; rSeyf gonf/ od&Yk mwGif wpfenf;wpfzakH vQmufxm;&ygrl- uH? uH\tusKd ; udv k nf;aumif;? tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ v\ f *kPu f v kd nf;aumif;? ,HMk unfMunfnKd í ay;vSLaom ]o'¨g- 'ge} onf wpfrsKd ;aumif;ygonfb&k m;/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf qdwq f w d af eawmfrí l axmufccH sujf yKay; vkdufaomaMumifh wwd,ewfom;\,lqcsuf ]om"k- 'ge} cdkifrm av;eufomG ;av\/ wwd,ewfom;onf oli,fcsi;f ewfom;av;a,muf wdkYudk MunhfNyD;NyHK;NyHK;BuD;jzpfae\/ pwk w ¬ e wf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf ]]om"kacg rm&do'geH? tyÜuod® Hyd om[k'geH o'¨g, acg om[k'geH? tydp "r®v'¨omydom[k'geH}} jrwfpmG bk&m;? 'ge 'ge[lorQ rkcsaumif;ygonf/ 0w¬Kenf;enf; &Sw d mxJ vSLwmvnf;aumif;ygonf/ o'¨gMunfnKd &eT ;f &TeG ;f qdí k xdx k 'dk ge ay;vSLu rkcsaumif;ygonf/ ,cifewfom;oH;k a,mufw\ Ykd omrn'ge? 0dbZÆ'ge? o'¨g'ge tm;vH;k aumif;ygonf/ wpfenf;wpfzHkavQmufxm;&ygrl? "r®v'¨w&m;ojzihf&onhf pifMu,faom0w¬Kukd vSL&ygaom "r®v'0w¬K'geum; aumif;vSygonf bk&m;[k avQmufxm;av\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qdwfqdwfaeívufcHawmfrlonfjzpfí?
pwkw¬ewfom;wifavQmufonhf "r®v'¨0w¬K'geonfvnf; om"k'ge pm&if;0ifoGm;av\/ yÍö r ewf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf ]]om"kacg rm&do'geH? tyÜuod® Hyd om[k'geH o'¨g,yd om[k'geH? "r®v'¨ómyd om[k'geH tydp 0dap,s'gerÜd om[k'geH}} jrwfpmG bk&m; yxrewfom;\ omrn'gevnf;aumif;ygonf/ 'kwd,ewfom;\ 0dbZÆ'gevnf; aumif;ygonf/ wwd,ewfom;\ o'¨g'gevnf; aumif;ygonf/ pwkwe¬ wfom;\ "r®v'¨0w¬K'gevnf; aumif;ygonfb&k m;/ aemufxyfwpfzef om"k'geudkavQmufxm;&ygrl? tvSL0w¬K a&G;cs,f? tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfudka&G;cs,fNyD; pdpdppfppfvSLonhftvSL'geonf aumif;jrwfvyS gonfb&k m;/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf þyÍör 0dap,s'geudk vnf; qdwfqdwfaeawmfrlí vufcHawmfrlavonf/ xdktcg yÍör ewfom;onf rdr\ d 0dap,s 'geum; jrwfpmG bk&m;vufcaH wmfrt l yfaom ]om"k- 'ge} jzpfavNyD wum;[k tm;&0rf;omoGm;av\/ ]om"k- 'ge} ESifh oufqikd &f mudo k m wdy#d uoH,w k yf gVdawmf om"kow k w f iG yf g&So d nfwu Ykd v kd nf;aumif;? rH&k mG NrKd Uta&SUv,fwaD usmif; wdu k ?f y"meem,u t*¾r[my@dwq&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D b'´Eu Å @ k v pD&ifaomr[mokw'DyeDwwd,wGyJ g om"k'geig;rsKd ; azmfjycsuf wdu Yk kd vnf;aumif; ud;k um;í jyqdv k u dk yf gonf/ t&S i f t meE´ m rax&f u d k a[mMum;awmf r l j cif ; þtxufazmfjyyg ewfom;wdkYavQmufxm;csufwdkYudk t&Sif tmeE´mrax&ftm; aemufwpfaeYeHeufa&mufaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif xyfraH [mawmfro l nf/ xdek wfom; (5) a,mufwaYkd vQmufxm;csurf sm;udk qdwq f w d af eawmfrí l jrwfpmG bk&m;vufcaH wmfrcl o hJ nf[k rdeq Yf jkd yefMum; onfudk t&SiftmeE´monf *gxmb@zGJUí EIwfwuft&aqmif um ygVdyd#uwfawmftjzpf y|roH*g,emwifawmfrlcJhygonf/ cifvSjrwfaxG; (tdef*s,frdk;)
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
14
"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mysufjym;rI t0de,udk a&SmifEkdif&efjzpfonf/
vlwkdif;awmihfw ½kyfqif;½ly ,cif t ywf r S t quf t½k d ; t½kd;aygif; (300)&Sdonf[k qkdyg onf/ - jzLaomtqif;&Sdonf/ o@meftrsKd;rsKd; &Sdonf/ - ajcacsmif ; zsm;qpf ½ k d ; wd k Y o nf caygif ; a&Munfapho@mef/ - tv,fqpf½;dk wko Yd nf ydEaJé pho@mef/ - t&if ; qpf ½ k d ; wd k Y o nf xuf p nf o@mef (tv,f a o;í t0ES p f b uf B uD ; onf ) / - ajczrk;d ½k;d onf jym;axmifxx k m;aom y0if½;dk o@mef/ - ajczaemifh½kd;onf wpfaphwnf;&Sd aom xef;oD;apho@mef/ (þzaemih½f ;dk ? ajcoef;tygt0if ajcwpfbufü (32)½kd;&Sdonf/ ajcESpfbuf (32 _2 = 64) &Sdonf/ - ajcusif;0wf½kd;wdkYüwnfaom jrif;acgif;½dk; t&if;onf tcGo H ifNy;D aom pGyH vGeaf n§mih&f ihf o@mef&Sdonf/ - a&SUwnfw h nfjh rif;acgif;½k;d onf ydeaf oma`rG \ ausmufuek ;f o@mef&o dS nf/ - tjyifbuf jrif;acgif;½k;d i,fonf oli,fwYkd upm;aom av;½d;k o@mef&o dS nf/ - 'l ; cG u f ½ k d ; onf wpf b uf y J h a om a&rI w f o@mef (ckHnif;o@mef) - aygif½;dk atmuftpGe;f wGi;f od0Yk ifaom 'l;cGuf ½d;k tydik ;f onf rxufaom EGm;csKzd sm;o@mef/ - wifyg;tkd;ü 0ifaomtzsm;zkonf *lvDvkH; o@mef/ - wifyg;tk;d cGuo f nf rsuEf mS 0udjk zwfí tqH xkwNf y;D yke;f nufo;D rIwBf u;D o@mef jrif;acgif; ½k;d Bu;D onf ajymif;ESiw fh \ l / (jrif;acgif;½k;d Bu;D ESifh aygif½;dk onf wpfbufukd om auG;í&aom tqufjzpfaomaMumihf aowåmwGifxnhfxm;aom ywåmqufESihfwl onf/) - 'l;cGu½f ;dk onf ckn H if;uJo h Ykd tjym;0kid ;f o@mef/ ajcwpfbufü t½k;d (4)? ESpb f uf (8) yxr (64) pkpkaygif; - (72) oókwaq;usrf;tvdkt&rlajcacsmif;i,fig;ckwiG f wpfcük (3)½k;d pD (5_3) = 15 ½k;d /
wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD - at)
wdkYwGif-
ajczrk;d ? ajcrsupf rd aDS omt½k;d 11 ½k;d / zaemif½;dk 1 ½k;d / jrif;acgif;½k;d 2 ½k;d / 'l;cGu½f ;dk 1 ½k;d / pkpak ygif; ajcwpfbufü 30 ½k;d / ajc(2)buf (30_2) 60 ½k;d / (ajcrwG i f tv,f q pf r &S d a om aMumihf (15)ck rjzpfEidk ?f ajconf; (10)xnhu f (70) jzpf&ef&o dS nf[k qkyd gonf/ ajcusif ; 0wf ½ k d ; uk d t|uxmü wpfbuf (7) ,lonf/ temrDwusr;f u (6) ,lonf/ oków k usr;f u (5) ,lonf/ wifyg;½dk;(2)ckonf (2)ckpyfvsuf wnfykHrSm tkd;xdef;onfwdkY\ ckHavmufo@mef &Sdonf/ (toD;oD;qkdrl yef;bJwdkY\ oHukduf o@mef&Sdonf/) xm;rcsyf½kd;onf OD;apmifxm;aom a`r\ G jzefu Y suaf eaom yg;ysO;f o@mef&o dS nf/ (t½d;k wGif taygif- 7ck? 8 ck&o dS nf/ ausm½k;d (18)acsmif;onf twGi;f tjyiftm;jzifh tv,f ukd xk;d azmufí oD;Ny;D vQif tqihq f ifx h yfí xm;aom cJeufjym;o@mef tjyiftjriht f m; jzihf csnfr&Sdaom bD;vkH;tqihfqihfo@mef &Sdonf/ ausmqpf ½ d k ; wd k Y w G i f tqpf w pf c k wpfcw k üYkd (2)ck (3)ckuek af om vTomG ;ESifh wl aom twufwo Ykd nf &Su d ek o f nf/ 0J,m 12 acsmif;pD eH½;dk (24)acsmif;
eH½dk;wdkwdkYonf vkyfírNyD;ao;aom "g;aumufo@mef? &SnfaomeH½kd;wdkYonf vkyfNyD;aom "g;aumufo@mef/ (eH½kd;pkykHtaetxm;rSm MuufjzL\ jzefYxm;aomtawmifESpfbufo@mef jzpf onf/) &ifñTefY½kd;onf a,mr&Gufo@mef &Sdonf/ n§y½f ;dk (2)acsmif;onf oHycJ yG if ,f\ t½kd;o@mef&Sdonf/ vnfukyf½kd;(2)acsmif;onf tuGif; uGi;f vS;D tyfaom 0g;jrpfudk tv,fü azmufí wkwjf zihf tqihq f iho f x D m;onfEiS w fh o l nf/ wifyg;½d;k ESpaf csmif;rSpí þuky½f ;dk 7 acsmif;xd uk, d üf &Sad om t½k;d aygif; (69)acsmif; jzpfonf/ oók w aq;usrf ; tvk d t & wifyg;½k;d ESpb f uftMum; aemufbuf u rD;anmif½;dk (1) / a&SUbuf½;dk (1) / wifyg;½k;d (2) / xm;rcsy½f ;dk (1) / eH½dk;wpfbufvQif (36)acsmif;pD 2 buf (72) / ausmuke;f ½k;d (30) / &if½;kd (8) / n§y½f ;dk (2) / uky½f ;dk (9) / pkpak ygif; (126) ½k;d / cE¨ m aA'usrf ; üum; wifyg;½k;d aemuf (2)cktMum; aemuf bufr;D anmif½;dk (1)/ (,if;t½k;d onf aZmufx;dk xm;aom a`rGOD;acgif;ESihfwlonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf (4) qpf&o dS nf/ tcsKUd rSm (3)qpf? tcsKUd rSm (5)qpf &So d nf[k qko d nf/) wifyg;½k;d (2)/ xm;rcsy½f ;kd (1)/ (,if;t½d;k wGif 0J,mtNyKid f txuf atmufxpfvsuf wpfbuf (4)aygufpD (8) ayguf&o dS nf/ ,if;t½k;d onf i,fpOfumv (5)
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ qpf&Sdonf/ t&G,fa&mufrS aphvsuf wpfck wnf;jzpfonf/) cg;½k;d (5)/ ausmuyf½;kd (12)/ vnfuyk ½f ;dk (7)/ (xkdt½dk;wdkYwGif t½dk;wpfckwpfckü 0J,marsmufvufuo hJ Ykd twufwpfcpk ?D aemuf ü vTomG ;uJo h Ykd twuf(1)cktm;jzihf twuf(3) ck p D &S d N rJ j zpf o nf / þt½k d ; wpf c k w pf c k w d k Y \ tv,f E S i h f aemuf t wuf \ t&if ; wG i f tayguf & S d o nf / tayguf t csif ; txuf atmuf twnh f t wef ; jzpf í jcif q D o nf tv,f a yguf w pf a vsmuf v k H ; uk d wk d ; vQKd í OD;aESmufwidk af tmif wnfonf/ aemuftayguf rS vnfuyk o f v Ykd n S &fh ef taMumBu;D wpfco k nf wd;k vQKv d su&f o dS nf/ cg;½k;d ? ausm½k;d wd\ Yk 0J,m üvnf ; atmuf t xuf t 0k d i f ; ? xuf j crf ; o@mef edrv hf su&f í dS ausm½k;d (2)ckpyfMuonhf tcg 0J,mtaygufjzpfí xkdtaygufrS &o aMumwdYk xGuí f 0rf;? ajc? vufwu Ykd dk tESo YH mG ; Muonf/ eH½;dk ? wpfbuf (12)acsmif;pD 2 buf/ (þ 24 acsmif;wGif &Snaf om eH½;dk Bu;D wpfbuf (7)acsmif ; pD w d k Y o nf a&S U ü&if ½ k d ; ? aemuf ü ausm½k;d ESifh qufvsu&f o dS nf/ wkdaom wpfbuf(5)acsmif;pDaom eH½kd;wdkYwGif wpfbuf(3)acsmif;pDaom eH½kd;wdkY onf ausm½kd;üomqufonf/ a&SUbufürl &if½;dk ukd qufrad om atmufq;Hk eH½;dk Bu;D rSpí atmufokdY tqihfqifhwdkíoGm;ojzihf tajr§; tap;wdEYk iS fh tcsi;f csi;f uyfvsuw f nfygonf/ atmuf q k H ; wpf b uf (2)acsmif ; pD aom eH½;dk wdw k o Ykd nf ausm½k;d üomwG,í f eHwkd ac:aom t½k;d jzpfuek \ f / &if½;kd (3)acsmif;wdYk onf i,fpOfu tcgrsm;pGm raphpyf? Bu;D aom tcg tvGefaphpyfaomaMumihf wpfckwnf; uJhodkY jzpfonf/ a&ESihf ememjyKwfrS okH;ckuGJ onf/ þ (3)acsmif;wGif &ifñeT ½Yf ;dk yg0ifonf/ þ&if½;dk onf txuf(2)ykid ;f ESifh &ifñeT ½Yf ;dk yg0if onf/ þ&if½;dk onf txuf 2 ykid ;f ESifh atmuf 1 ydik ;f om tqufxif&mS ;onf/ tvwf 4 ydik ;f rSm tqpfom&So d nf/ &ifñeT ½Yf ;dk txuf &if½;kd 0J,m eH½kd;BuD;wpfbuf (7)acsmif;qufaom tqufae&mwpfbuf (7)ckpDvnf; &Sdonf/ þtqufae&m (14)ckukd &nfí t|uxm wGif &if½kd;(14)acsmif;[k qkdvkd[efwlonf/ trSef (14)acsmif;r&S/d n§y½f ;dk 2 ck/ vnfacsmif;½k;d 1 ck/
rD;anmif½;dk rS vnfacsmif;½k;d xd uk, d f ESipfh yfaom t½k;d aygif; 58 ½k;d / (t|uxmü rD;anmif½kd;pGef;ryg? xm;rcsyf½kd;ESihf aygif;í wpfckom,lonf/) vuf a csmif ; zsm;qpf ½ k d ; wd k Y o nf caygif;a&Munfapho@mef/ ,if;tv,fqpf½kd;wdkYonf ydefaom ydEéJapho@mef/ ,if;t&if;qpf½dk;wdkYonf vufpnf o@mef/ vufzrkd;t½dk;wdkYonf xkíjzefYxm; aom 0g;½d;k o@mef/ vufzrkd;ESihf vufzsH½kd;Mum;&Sd vuf aumuf0wf½kd;wdkYonf aphatmif wpfaygif; wnf ; pD c if ; pyf x m;íxk y f a om cJ e uf j ym; o@mef/ þwGif vufwpfbufü vufonf;yg t½kd; (32)acsmif;[k t|uxmq&mwdkYtvkd a&wGut f yfonf/ vufzs½H ;dk wpfbufü (2)acsmif;yl;wdYk onf t`rmG tpkH yl;aom xef;yifEo k @mef/ vufarmif;½k;d aMu;rkcH u G ½f ;kd o@mef/ vuf j yif ½ k d ; wpf c k o nf ig;wd k Y \ b[uf½;dk o@mef (ykqed jf ym;o@mef[í l vnf; qko d nf/) ar;½kd;rSpí rsufESmtwGif;&Sd t½dk; aygif; (8)ck/ atmufar;½k;d wpfco k nf oHjzihjf yKvyk f aom yef;bJw\ Ydk uku d o f @mef/ txuf a r;½k d ; onf "g;armuf o@mef/ ezl ; ½k d ; onf tem;ywf v nf y J h í arSmufxm;tyfaom c½koif;xufjcrf;o@mef/ rsupf ad tmuf yg;½d;k 0J,m(2)ck? rsucf Hk 0J,m? ESmacgif;½k;d wdo Yk nf xdyu f jdk zwfí tqH xkwfxm;aom xef;oD;EkrIwfo@mef/ 0J,mem;xif½kd;(2)ckonf w½kwfrD; cwftyd o f @mef/ (qwåmonfw\ Ykd oifwek ;f "g; tdro f @mef[k t|uxmuqko d nf/ oifwek ;f onf jrxkd;pGef;NrD;wl;&Gif;ESihf wlonf[k qkdyg onf/) 0J,mOD;uif;½k;d (2)acsmif;onf tem; ywfvnfuidk í f axmywftjynhx f nht f yfaom yd w f 0 k d i f ; o@mef / OD ; xd y f ½ k d ; onf &G H U aom tke;f rIwrf suf ESmjywf0o@mef/ OD;acgif;aemufbuf½kd;(5)ckwdkYonf pyfícsKyfxm;aom Al;awmif;a[mif;uGJig;ck o@mef/ þacgif;½k;d aygif; (10)ck/ ok ó k w aq;usrf ; tvk d t &rl
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atmuftxufar;½k;d (2) ESmacgif;½d;k (3) tmapmuf½;dk (1) 0J,myg;? em;? em;xifwüdYk (2)ckpD (6) OD;acgif;½k;d (6) oGm; (32) pkpkaygif; (50)/ cE¨ m aA'usrf ; tvd k t &rl atmufar;½k;d (1)/ txufar;½k;d 0J,m (2) / (þtxufar;½kd;onf ESmacgif;ESihf wnfhwnhft&yfü pyfonf) ESmacgif;zkatmuf txufar;½k;d (2)ck tMum; tzsm;0ifaom tmapmuf½;dk (1)/ ESmacgif;zktxuf 0J,mESma,mif½;dk (2)/ 0J,myg;½k;d (2)/ yg;½k;d ESifh ESmacgif;zktMum; ESmacgif; zkatmuf 0J,mt½k;d (2)/ (ar;½d;k 2 cktMum; ezl;? em;&Gut f w Hk aYkd tmuf rsuEf mS ½k;d oufouf jzpfonf/) ezl;½k;d (1)/ em;tkHatmufem;u em;tkHay:ywf vsuf em;xif½;dk 0J,m (2)/ ,if;t½d;k txuf OD;uif;½k;d 0J,m (2)/ OD;xdy½f ;dk Bu;D (1)/ 0J,m rsufckH;½kd; (2)/ (þt½kd;um; qefumuJo h Ykd tayguftayguf&o dS nf/ aemufaphwGif armufvsuf&Sdaom t½k;d Bu;D (1)/ qkdcJhaom OD;acgif;½dk;(8)ckwdkYtMum; wGif yJawmihaf phavmuf&adS om t½k;d i,f (2)/ em;tkHtwGif;ü wpfbufvQif t½kd; i,f (4)ckuspD (2)buf (8)/ OD;aESmufwiG ;f ü vk;H aomt½k;d (1)/ þodYk OD;acgif;ü t½k;d aygif; (13) / þOD;acgif;½kd;wdkY\ tem;ywfvnfü vTomG ;uJo h Ykd tpdwpf w d &f o dS nfh toGm;pdwMf um; csif;aphí pyfMuonf/ t|uxmüvmaom t½dk;wdkYukd aygif;vQif ajcwpf b uf ü t½kd ; (36)acsmif ; ESpfbuf (72)/ (,if;wGif ajconf;rsm;ESihf zaemif½h ;dk 2 ckygonf/) vufEpS b f uf0, J m (36)ckpD 2 buf (72)/ rsuEf mS ? acgif;wdüYk t½k;d (18)/ yko H @mefEiS fh pkajymaom t½k;d aygif; (231)/ tom;ukrd aDS om t½d;k Ek (64)/ pkpak ygif; (295)/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD - at)
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/
,cif t ywf r S t quf rdrdtwGuf bmudkrQ rarQmfukd;bJ rdr\ d wm0eftaejziho f m rdom;pktwGu?f Ekid if H twGuf? vlrsKd;twGuf? avmuvlom;rsm; twGuf tepfemcHNyD; trsKd;bmom? omoem awmfukd zGUH NzK;d atmif aqmif&u G rf nfqydk gvQif xkdaqmif&Gufcsufonf rkcsraoG atmifjrif rnfjzpf\/ wpfpkHwpf&m ,kHrSm;p&m[lí bmrQ r&S/d xkaYd Mumihf rdrb d 0ukd tepfemrcHbJ trsK;d bmom? omoem[lí a<u;aMumfvQifvnf; a<u;aMumf½kHom&Sdrnfjzpf \/ rsKd;cspfpdwf[lí a<u;aMumfvQifvnf; a<u;aMumf½kHom&Sdrnf jzpf\/ Ekid if Hcsppf w d [ f í l a<u;aMumfvQiv f nf; a<u;aMumf½kHom&Sdrnfjzpf \/ trSeftm;jzihf tepfemcHpdwftay: wnfaqmufrSom rdrd\ wnfaqmufr[ I o l rQonf atmifjrif\/ orkid ;f t&qkdvQif taemf&xmacwfuvnf; xkdodkY wnfaqmufco hJ jzihf atmifjrif\/ bk&ihaf emif acwf u vnf ; xk d o d k Y wnf a qmuf c J h o jzih f atmifjrif\/ tavmif;bk&m;acwfuvnf; xkdodkY wnfaqmufcJhojzihf atmifjrif\/ þ onfrSm orkdif;t&jzpf\/ pH x m;p&m usrf;*eft&ajym&vQif tavmif; awmf od'w ¨ rå if;om;ukd ]pHxm;} tjzpf ajymzkYd vdk\/ jrefrmEkdifiH ukd,fxD;? ukd,feef;? ukd,fh MuiSe;f acwfwpfavQmufv;Hk jrefrmEkid if o H m;wdYk onf rdrdwdkY\&ifxJü tavmif;awmfod'¨w¦ rif;om;ukd ]pHxm;} tjzpf toufoiG ;f í rdrd wdkY\pdwfoEÅmefü tepfemcHpdwfudk arG;Mu\/ tepfemcHpdwftay:ü rsKd;cspfpdwfukd wnf aqmufMu\/ Ekid if cH sppf w d u f dk wnfaqmufMu \/ vlom;tcsi;f csi;f csppf w d u f kd wnfaqmuf Mu\/ tawG;tjriftm;vkH;ukd wnfaqmuf Mu\/ xkdYaMumifh xkdacwf jrefrmEkdifiHom; wd\ Yk pnf;vk;H rIonf tjrifcsi;f vnf;wl? tusifh csif;vnf;wlojzihf tHhrcef; odyfonf;cJh\/ aemufykdif; jrefrmEkdifiHonf olwpfyg;vuf atmufoYkd usa&mufomG ;aomtcg tavmif; awmf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;onf jrefrmEkid if o H m;wd\ Yk &ifxJü ]pHxm;} tjzpfr&Sdawmh/ tjcm;ol&J aumif;rsm;om olw\ Ykd &ifxüJ ]pHxm;} tjzpf tpm;xk;d 0ifa&mufvmav\/ xkt d cg jrefrm Ekid if o H m;wd\ Yk tepfemcHjcif;onf ]]0gPdZ0Æ g'}} oabm ouf 0 if v m\/ tepf e mcH j cif ; uk d ]rçwnft&if;} tjzpf cH,lNyD; ,if;twGuf tusKd ; tjrwf u k d &,l v d k v mMu\/ xk d t cg
Ak'¨ avmuom;wdkY\ tEIdif;rJhaus;Zl;&Sif ukd,fusihfAk'¨0if ed'gef;rS
jrefrmEkid if o H m;wd\ Yk pnf;vH;k rIonf odyo f nf;rI r&Sdawmh/ odjYk zpfav&m ,aeY urÇmt h ajctae t& jrefrmEkdifiHom;wdkY\ &ifxJü tavmif; awmf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;ukd ]pHxm;} tjzpf jyefvnf toufoGif;NyD; olwdkY\oEÅmefü tepfemcHpdwf ukd jyefvnfarG;jrLEkid af pa&;twGuf tavmif; awmf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;\b0ukd a&;om;&ef tz ocifxed 0f if;u uReaf wmft h m; wku d w f eG ;f av \/ Ekid if EH iS fh vlrsK;d tay:xm;&Sad om tz ocif xdef0if;\ apwemESihf aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd tav;tjrwfjyKaomtm;jzihf þpmtkyfudk a&;jcif;jzpfyg\/ tEIdif;rJhaus;Zl;&Sif tavmif;awmf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;onf ]]avmu\ tEIid ;f rJah us;Zl;&Si}f } jzpf\/ okar"m &Si&f aohb0rSpí od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;b0wdik af tmif ESpaf ygif; av;oacsEF iS u fh rÇmwpfoed ;f wdYk umv ywfv;Hk avmb\ tusK;d pD;yGm;twGuf aqmif &G u f E k d i f a &;twG u f bk & m;jzpf & ef [ l a om &nf&, G cf surf w S pfyg; tjcm;bmudrk Q rarQmv f ihf bJ avmutay: Muifemaom pdwx f m;ouf ouf j zih f tepf e mcH c J h \ / trS e f t m;jzih f tavmif;awmfo'd w ¨ r¦ if;om;onf rarhaumif; aom ]]tEIdif;rJhaus;Zl;&Sif}} jzpf\/ ok&Yd mwGif vlaY vmuü olu Y dk arhol rsm;&SdMuNyD/ olYaus;Zl;ukd arholrsm;&SdMuNyD/ avmuukd rqkx d m;ESi/fh jrefrmEkid if üH yif olu Y dk arhorl sm; &SMd uNy/D olaY us;Zl;ukd arhorl sm;&SMd u Ny/D olu Y dk rodorl sm;yif &SMd uNy/D rarhoiho f nf ukd arhjcif;onf ]]tr*Fvm}} jzpf\/ xkaYd Mumifh rarhoiho f nfudk rarh&efv\ dk / rarhoiho f nfudk
rarhrS ]]r*Fvm}} jzpf\/ tavmif ; awmf o d ' ¨ w ¦ r if ; om;\ b0ukd azmfjy&mwGif tydik ;f ESpyf idk ;f yg0ifrnf jzpf\/ yxrykdif;wGif okar"m&Sif&aohb0rS oAÁnKw ÓPfawmfudk&í bk&m;jzpfawmfrl onht f xd yg0ifrnfjzpfonf/ 'kwd,ykdif;wGif bk&m;jzpfawmfrlNyD; aemuf y&deAd mÁ efpaH wmfro l nftxd yg0ifrnf jzpf\/ ESpfykdif;vkH;yif bk&m;rjzpfrDESihf bk&m; jzpfawmfrNl y;D aemuf aqmif&u G cf su[ f o l rQonf tepfemcHjcif;tay: wnfaqmufxm;aom aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;csnf;omjzpfMu\/ tepfemcHjcif;jzihf &,lvakd om tusK;d w&m;rSmvnf; avmu\tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd tepf emcHNy;D taqmif&u G Ef idk q f ;Hk yk*K¾ v d f jzpf&vdrk yI if jzpf\/ tjcm;bmudrk Q rarQmrf eS ;f / tavmif; awmfod'¨w¦rif;om; arQmfrSef;onhftwkdif;yif olonf oAÁnKwÓPfawmfu&dk um avmu \ tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd aqmif&u G &f mwGif tepfem cHNy;D taqmif&u G Ef idk q f ;Hk yk*K¾ v d jf rwf jzpfawmf rlcyhJ g\/ olusiafh omtusiEfh iS fh ol&,lvadk om tusKd;wkdYum; a&SUESihfaemuf nDñTwfyg\/ taMumif;ESit fh usK;d qDavsmyf g\/ olusiafh om tusihfum; avmutwGuf tepfemcHjcif; jzpf\/ ol&,lvakd omtusK;d rSmvnf; avmu wGif tepfemtcHEkdifqkH;jzihf tepfemcHawmfrl Ny;D avmu\tusK;d pD;yGm;udk taqmif&u G Ef idk f qkH;jzihf aqmif&GufEkdifol b0yifjzpf\/ ol awmifw h awmfrcl ahJ om tusK;d onf jynhcf yhJ g\/ t&[wår*fÓPfukd &awmfrlaom tcg udavomwdu Yk dk 0goemESiw fh uG y,fowf Ekdifojzihf avmuwGif tepfemtcHEkdifqkH; jzpfcJhyg\/ oAÁnKw ÓPfawmfukd &awmfrl aomtcg avmuwGif owå0gtm;vkH;wdkY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd taqmif&GufEkdifqkH;jzpfchJyg\/ rawmifw h bJEiS &fh aom tjcm;tusK;d rsm;vnf; &Sad o;\/ ,if;tusK;d rsm;um; vlrif;? ewfrif;? jA[®mrif;wdkY\ rif;tjzpfukd &awmfrljcif;jzpf yg\/ wu,fwrf; tepfemcHNy;D wu,fwrf; olwpfyg;tusKd;ukd aqmif&GufrnfqkdygvQif xkdyk*¾KdvfrsKd;twGuf umr*kPfqkdif&m tusKd; w&m;rsm;onf ol Y [ mol tvk d t avsmuf ]ajcayguf } í0if v mMurnf j zpf \ / txl ; arQmfvihfp&mrvkd/ txl;awmifhwp&mrvkd/ þed,mrukd tavmif;awmf od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;\ oH o &mb0wpf a vQmuf v k H ; ü awG U &\/ avmuü vufawGUtm;jzihfvnf; þed,mr onf rSe\ f / uk, d w f idk u f sizfh o Ydk m ta&;Bu;D \/ þusrf ; pm þpmtk y f o nf tavmif ; awmf
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/
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od'w ¨ ¦ rif;\ b0ESiyfh wfoufíyxrykid ;f ukd rjrifomaomtydkif;rS od'¨w¦rif;om;\ b0 [lonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&[wår*f ÓPf azmf j y xm;yg\/ xk d o d k Y azmf j y&mwG i f jzpf a wmf p Of E S i f h y wf o uf í ]]avmuod E S i h f awmf\ jrefrmtrnfwpfrsKd;jzpfonfudkvnf; pmaywd k Y \ oabmtwk d i f ; tu© & mrsm;? b0od}} ukd qk&d ygvQi-f aumif;? olwpfyg;\tusK;d ukd tEIid ;f rJh aqmif yk ' f r sm;? 0gusrsm; uk d tok H ; jyKxm;&\/ avmuü wm0efEpS &f yfonf arG;&m &G u f E k d i f j cif ; [l o nf oAÁ n KwÓPf a wmf \ ,if;wdjYk zihf qkid &f mteuf rsm;ukd pmzwforl sm; yg taejzihf uk, d pf &D MdS uonft h wdik ;f okar"m jrefrmtrnfwpfrsKd;jzpfonfudkvnf;aumif; odomG ;atmif tm;xkwf &\/ &S i f & aoh o nf ol \ wm0ef E S p f & yf u k d þod k Y þpmtk y f u d k zwf ½ I N yD ; ygu od & ef j zpf y g\/ teufrsm;ukd trsK;d tpm;cGv J Qif o'´g owfrw S \ f / ]]avmuwGif tEIid ;f rJh tepfemcH þtodudk ]]avmuod}} [líqk\ d / euf? t"dygÜ ,feuf? cHpm;euf[í l ok;H rsK;d &\/ Ekid o f jl zpf&efEiS fh avmuwGif olwpfyg;tusK;d ukd a'oemawmf t & b0ay;wm0ef ygVd a 0g[m&tm;jzih f o'´ g euf u k d o'´ w ¦ ? tEIdif;rJhaqmif&GufEkdifoljzpf&ef}} [líjzpf\/ taejzihf vlwdkif;wGif wm0efESpfck&Sd\/ wpfck wm0efESpf&yfukd t&yfokH;a0g[m& aomwm0efrSm tepfemcHjcif;jzpfí tjcm; t"dygÜ ,fudk t"dymÜ ,w¦? cHpm;eufudk bm0w¦ [l í ac:&\/ ,if ; wd k Y u k d qk d i f & mqk d i f & m jzihf azmfjyjcif;jzpf\/ usr;f *efo;Hk a0g[m&jzihf wpfcak omwm0efrmS olwpfyg;tusK;d udk aqmif todrsm;ESifh ,SOw f v JG u dk v f Qif o'´geufrS ]pmod} azmfjy&rnfqydk gvQif tEIid ;f rJh tepfemcHEidk jf cif; &Gujf cif;jzpf\/ þwm0efEpS cf jk zihf vlb Y 0onf ukd&\/ t"dyÜg,feufrS ]avmuod} ukd&\/ ukd ]]0goemESiw fh uG udavomwdu Yk dk y,fowf ]]qk;H }} \/ xkaYd Mumifh xkw d m0efEpS cf u k dk vlb Y 0\ cHpm;eufrS ]b0od} ukd&\/ b0odukdyif Ekdifaom t&[wår*fÓPfukd &jcif;}} [lí ]]e,fowfrsO;f }} [lí qk&d \/ trSet f m;jzihf vl ]cE¨mod} [lívnf; qkd&\/ trSeftm;jzihf qkd\/ olwpfyg;tusKd;ukd tEIdif;rJhaqmif&Guf [lonf vlYb0\ e,fowfrsOf;twGif;üom ]pmod } onf 0gus ü wk d u f ½ k d u f y g0if \ / Ekid jf cif;ukd ]]oAÁnKwÓPfawmfukd &jcif;}} [lí &S&d rnfjzpf\/ tu,fí vlb Y 0\ e,fowf ]]avmuod E S i h f b0od } } wd k Y u m; 0gusü qk d \ / þwm0ef E S p f & yf o nf y if ok a r"m rsO;f tjyifbufüvnf; ]]vl}} [lonf &Sad o; wdu k ½f u dk rf yg0if/ 0gusrsm;\ aemufu, G üf om &Si&f aoh &,lvakd om tusK;d w&m;jzpf\/ þ onf[k qkyd gvQif xkd ]]vl}} ukd pmzwfol rnfoYdk l qE´twkid ;f ac:csif &S d M u\/ 0gusrsm;ü wd k u f ½ k d u f ryg0if b J wm0ef E S p f & yf r S w pf y g; tjcm; &,l v k d a om ac:rnfenf;/ pmzwfo\ 0gusrsm;\aemuf u G , f ü om &S d M uav tusKd ; w&m;[l í ok a r"m&S i f & aoh t wG u f ovdk ac:Ekdifyg\/ þpmtkyfukd zwfNyD;ygu aomaMumifh avmuodEiS fh b0odudk yuwd bmrQr&S/d bmrQr&Sad omfvnf; þwm0efEpS &f yf þtodudk od&efjzpf\/ þtodudk ]]b0od}} rsupf jd zihf rjrifaumif;/ xko d Ykd rjrifaumif;aomf \ tmEkabmfaMumihf tjcm;aom umr*kPf [lí qk\ d / vnf; ÓPfrsupf jd zihf jrifaumif;\/ qkid &f m tusK;d w&m;rsm;onf okar"m&Si&f aoh þtod E S p f r sKd ; uk d od a pEk d i f a om xkaYd Mumifh o'´gusr;f qkid &f m 'óe b0rS od'¨w¦rif;om;b0wkdifatmif a&muf teuf E S p f r sKd ; onf þpmtk y f y g0gusrsm;\ G üf &Syd g\/ yuwdrsupf jd zihf rjrifEidk f ynm&SifwdkY\ tqkdtrdefYt& 0guswkdif;wGif vmMuonfcsnf;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif okar"m aemufu, jrif&aomtykdif;ESihf rjrif&aomtykdif;[lí vnf; ,if;wdu Yk dk wGe;f vSeEf idk \ f / od'w ¨ r¦ if;om; aomf v nf ; ÓPf r suf p d j zih f jrif E k d i f y g\/ G f tykid ;f ESpyf idk ;f ygNrjJ zpf\/ jrif&aomtydik ;f ukd vnf; ,if;wdu Yk dk wGef;vSeEf idk \ f / trSet f m;jzihf tepfemcHjcif;? olwpfyg;tusK;d ukd aqmif&u yuwdrsupf jd zihf zwfEidk \ f / rjrif&aomtydik ;f tepfemcHum olwpfyg;tusKd;udk wu,fwrf; jcif; tqihfqihfESihf ywfoufí tzocif f adk vh&adS om atmufygvuFmwkd ukd ÓPfrsupf jd zihf zwfEidk \ f / aqmif&u G o f [ l o l rQonf rdrx d H ywfvnf0idk ;f í xde0f if; &Gwq dk yf g\/ þpmtkyfwGifvnf; 0guswdkif;wGif vmaeaom umr*kPq f idk &f m tusK;d w&m;rsm; av;jzihf þed'gef;ukd tqk;H owfvu jrifomaomtydik ;f ESifh rjrifomaomtykid ;f [lí ukd wGe;f vSeEf idk Mf uonfomjzpfyg\/ ESpyf idk ;f yif yg&S\ d / pmzwforl sm;onf jrifom Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwo Ykd nf edAmÁ efudk &,l ]]wpf p wpf p ? pG e f Y 0 H h r S v Qif ? b0 aomtydik ;f rS od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;\ b0jzpfawmfpOf vkdMuonfcsnf;jzpf\/ wu,fwrf; edAÁmefukd aemufaESmif;? qufwkdif;aumif;\/}} ESihf ywfoufí ]]pmod}} ukd&&Sdrnfjzpf\/ &vkd½dk;rSefygvQif tEIdif;rJh tepfemcHEkdifjcif; quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf "Tis he, men say, who's gainst the current goes. Who pmrsufESm 12 rS hath cast off the five depravities, A perfect pupil he, that cannot wPS m vT r f ; rd k ; onf j zpf í oH o &ma&pk e f q if ; wwf a omyk * ¾ d K vf fail, Master of mind, with faculties subdued – He is "the man who wkdYrnfukef\/ standeth fast, "they say. He, comprehending all state, high and xd k Y a Mumih f o mvQif xif a omowd & S d a omynm&S d o nf low, In whom all states are quenched, ended exist not,– He knowþumrbH k ü umr*k P f w d k Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? raumif ; rI w d k Y u d k ing all, the God- life having lived, Is called "world- ender, who vnf;aumif;? rrSD0JyJ qif;&JNidKjiifjcif;eSihfwuGvnf; umr*kPfwdkY hath passed beyound." (Complete translation of the Suttanta Pitaka, Anguttara udk pGev Yf w T &f m\/ xkyd *k Kd¾ vfukd oHo&ma&qefwufwwfaom yk*Kd¾ vf -ya (The Gradual Saying), The book of four, Chapter one, at Nika [k ynm&SdwdkYqdkukef\/ tMuif o l o nf (Mo&rÇ m *d , oH a ,mZOf a ES m if B ud K ;) Bhand.agama wagga, with the Steam Sutta.) Hanthawaddy- U Ohn Kyaing udavom ig;rsdK;wdkYudk {uefpifppfy,fpGefYí jynhfpHkaom tusihf &Sd\/ r,kwfavsmhaom oabm&Sd\/ pdwf\avhvmjcif; txGwf jrwf a omtusih f u d k usih f o H k ; NyD ; onf j zpf í avmuoH k ; yg;\ txd y f o d k Y a &muf \ / wnf M unf a om£a`E´ & S d \ / xd k y k * ¾ d K vf u d k tqH k ; od k Y a &muf a omxd k y k * ¾ d K vf u d k pif p pf urf ; wpf z uf o d k Y a &muf aomyk*¾dKvf[k qdktyf\/ &yfwnfaomoabm&Sdaomyk*¾dKvf [k qdktyf\/ tMuifyk*¾dKvfonf tjrwft,kwf (ukodkvf tukodkvf) (t*Fkwå&edum,f0if? okwåefyd#uwf? t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf? pwkuú w&m; wdkYudk ÓPfjzihfaumif;pGmoufa&mufvsuf zsufqD;NyD;jzpf edygwf? b@*gr0*f? tEkaomwokwfudk azmfjyygonf/) [Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif í? ,if ; w&m;wd k Y uG , f a ysmuf u k e f \ ? r&S d u k e f / (r*f [ l a om)
DHAMMA TALKS
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OD;aAm"da&.. vlqw kd m oHCmvdk rjrifb;l aemf/ vlu vlvykd jJ rifw,faemf/ vlvjkd rif&if vlvykd J vkyrf mS aemf/ oHCmhupd ?ö omoemhupd w ö rYkd mS vl0ifvyk v f m&if? vl0if½yI v f m &if? ykwcf sEidk &f r,f/ ykwcf sEikd Nf y;D olwu Ykd kd aumif;wJv h rf;udk ñTejf yEkid &f r,f/ avmurSm oHCmhupd ?ö omoemhupd w ö u Ykd kd vl0if½yI &f ifvnf; ½Iyrf eS ;f od&w,faemf/ q&mawmfBu;D u t&Sib f &k m;wdYk i,fjzLawGukd ajym&rSmaygY/ tvdrfcH&w,faemf/ ausmfrMunhfwwf&if tausmfcH&wwfw,faemf/ wynhaf wmfuakd wmh vmrprf;eJaY emf[k rdeaYf wmfrNl y;D &,fawmfrw l ,f/ 'umwpfa,muf avQmufz;l w,f/ pm&if;udk usKyu f vdrv f m wm/ usKyu f kd cifAsm;wdv Yk mvdrrf aeeJ/Y xd'k umuajymao;w,f/ pm&if; udk ½H;I atmifvyk w f mvJ usKyyf ?J jrwfatmifvyk w f mvJ usKyyf /J pm&if;udk tJ'v D kd Ekid w f mvdYk ajymao;w,fAsm/h q&mawmfBu;D u qufred aYf wmfrw l ,f/ xd'k umudk wynhaf wmf ujyefNy;D Burd ;f ypfvu kd w f ,f/ usKyu f bke;f Bu;D ujzpfvmwJh bke;f Bu;D r[kwf bl;Asm/h vlu jzpfvmwJh bke;f Bu;D Asm/h cifAsm;wdYk bke;f Bu;D ujzpfvmwJh bke;f Bu;D udo k m npfv&Ykd rSm? vdrv f &Ykd rSm? usKyu f vlujzpfwhJ bke;f Bu;D qdk awmh npfvrYkd &bl;/ vdrv f rYkd &bl;? cifAsm;wdv Yk yk &f yfawGukd usKyu f odNy;D om;AsmvdYk Burd ;f ypfvu kd af o;w,f/ t&Sib f &k m;tJ'v D kd Burd ;f &Jvm;Asm/ tif;Asm Burd ;f &Jatmif odxm;&rSmAsm/h udpw ö pfcjk zpfvm&if? taMumi;fwpfcak y:vm&if? xpfueJqkd 'gbmvJo&d wm/ awG;Munhv f Qif ajy;Munho f vdk jrif&wmAsm/h avmuu vQirf S &wmcsn;f ud;k Asm/h rvsiv f u Ykd awmh tnpfc&H rSm/ tvdrcf &H rSm/ tJ'v D akd v;vJ odxm;&w,fAsm/h q&mawmfBuD;u NyD;awmh pum;wpfcGef;&Sdao;w,f/ t&Sif bk&m;eJY BuKH wek ;f ? awGUwke;f rdv Yk Ykd avQmufwm rSwx f m;ygAsm/h pD;yGm;a&;orm;u pD;yGm;a&;tjrify&J w dS ,faemf/ olu pD;yGm;a&;ynmorm;udAk sm/h ,kwpf t G qH;k vSLwmawmif pD;yGm;a&;ynmESifh Munhv f LS wm aemf/pD;yGm;a&;uGuef YJ vSLwmAsm/h Ekid aHf &;orm;uvnf; Ekid if aH &;ynmtjrifyJ &Sw d ,faemf/ olu Ekid if aH &;orm;udAk sm/h olu Ekid if aH &;tjrifeYJ vSLrSmaemf/ Ekid if aH &; tjrifEiS fh qnf;uyf rSmaemf/ olwu Ykd bmoma&;tjrifeYJ vSLvdrrfh ,f/ rxifeaYJ emf/ Ekid if aH &; tjrifeYJ vSLrSm pD;yGm;a&;tjrifeYJ vSLrSmaemf/ bmoma&;tjrifeYJ vSLr,f rxifeAYJ sm/h xdt k cg pma&;olu q&mawmfb&k m; olw[ Ykd m olw&Ykd w dS meJY Munhw f m/ olw&Ykd w dS meJY vSLwmygbk&m;[k avQmufxm;awmh q&mawmf Bu;D u [kwAf sm/ olwYkd &Sw d meJMY unhw f m xH;k pHyAJ sm/h ud, k u f vnf; ud, k &f dS wmeJY ud, k Mf unhaf emf/ olrsm;txJ 0ifrMunhef aYJ emf/ olrsm;txJ 0ifMunhf rdvQif ½Iyo f mG ;vdrrhf ,faemf/ q&mawmfBu;D u pum;pvdu k v f u Ykd awmh tajzu wpfqufwnf;&SNd y;D om;yJ[k awG;aerd\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/
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wljzpfayr,hf rESHol MunfvGif avmuwGif qdk½dk;pum;&Sdygonf/ ,if;rSm ayjzpfawmh cH? wljzpfawmh ESq H akd om pum;jzpf\/ xdq k ½kd ;kd pum;onf avmuDtusKd ; udo k m Munhw f wfaomoltzdaYk wmh rSeaf umif; rS e f a yrnf / avmuD t usd K ;ud k a usmf v G e f í avmukw&å mtusKd ;udyk g Munhw f wfaomoltzdYk awmh xdq k ½kd ;kd pum;onf rrSeu f efay/ tb,f aMumifeh nf;[lrl avmuDtusKd ;udo k mMunhw f wf aomolu twåw&m;udk vufudkifxm;NyD;? avmukw&å mtusKd ;udyk g Munhw f wfaomolu tewåw&m;udk vufudkifxm;aomaMumifhay wnf;/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf avmuDtusdK;udkom Munhfwwfol\ ESvHk;om;wGif trkef;w&m; tmCmww&m;ESihf vufpm;acsjcif;w&m;[l aom rol a wmf w &m;rsm; vT r f ; vsuf & S d N yD ; avmukw&å mtusKd ;udyk g Munhw f wfo\ l ESv;kH om;wGif arwåmw&m; u½kPmw&m;ESifh onf;cH cGiv hf w T jf cif; cEÅw D &m;[laom olawmfaumif; w&m;rsm;jynhv f Qr;f vsu&f adS omaMumifah ywnf;/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf avmuDtusdK;ukdom Munhf wwfaomol\ ESv;kH om;wGif ao&ifNy;D wmyJ [laom t0dZÆmtarSmifBuD; ydwfzHk;vsuf&SdNyD; avmukwå&mtusdK;udkyg Munhfwwfol\ESvHk; om;wGif oHo&mc&D;udk jrifEikd pf rG ;f aom ynm tvif;a&mifxeG ;f ajymifvsu&f adS omaMumihaf y wnf;/ avmuDtusdK;udkom Munhfwwfol\ ESv;kH om;u ylavmifNy;D avmukw&å mtusKd ;udyk g Munhw f wfo\ l ESv;kH om;u at;jravownf;/ txufygw&m;oabmudk qifjcif pOf;pm;rdaomtcg OD;vSEiS Ofh ;D jr t`rmT nDtpfukd ESpfa,muftaMumif;udk owd&rdavonf/ olwdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufrSm trTmnDtpfudkrdkY ½kycf si;f uawmhwyl gonf/ odaYk omf pdwcf si;f u awmh ta&SUESit hf aemufjzpfonf/ (5) rdepfBu;D aom tpfuOkd ;D vSu pdwx f m;El;nHo h rd af rGUonf/ vdrm® ,Ofaus;onf/ ulnw D wfonf/ oem;n§m wmwwfonf/ pdwaf umif;&So d nf/ OD;jruawmh pdwx f m;cufxefonf/ ½ke&Yf if;Murf;wrf;onf/ ud, k u f sKd ;Munhw f wfonf/ &ufpuf,w k rf monf/ pdwaf umif;r&S/d i,fpOfb0rSpí p½du k cf si;f rwl/ rdbESpyf g;u ruG,v f eG rf D tdraf xmifcsxm;ay; oGm;um nDtpfuEkd pS af ,muftwGuf NccH si;f uyf vsuf wdu k Ef pS v f ;kH udk yHpk w H al qmufvyk í f tarG ay;oGm;onf/ olwdkYnDtpftudkESpfa,muf\ wdu k Ef pS v f ;kH rSm yHpk w H l ta&mifwl wku d Ef pS v f ;kH rdYk
trsm;u wku d n f aD emif[k ac:Muonf/ &yf&mG u OD;vSukd OD;av;vS[ak c:Mu Ny;D OD;jrudak wmh OD;jr[komac:Muonf/ rnfol rQ OD;av;jr[k rac:Mu/ &yfuu G \ f þtac: ta0:udMk unhí f &yf&mG u olwn Ykd t D pfut kd ay: ü &if;ES;D cifrifrrI mS rwlnaD Mumif; odomygonf/ OD;jru ½Iyfonf? ayGonf/ t&uf uav; wjrjrvnf;&Sdonf/ vkyfonhftvkyf uvnf; ESpv f ;kH oH;k vH;k csx J ?D tdraf ygif ajraygif cHonf/ aiGw;kd csonf/ olt Y rd o f Ykd 0ifxu G af e aom olESifhpD;yGm;zufrsm;rSmvnf; olYvdkyif vl½yI v f al yG/ &omvQif bezl;odu k w f ;l rnhf idb Yk orm;rsm;omjzpf o nf / ol \ wd k u f a y:od k Y touf (40) cef&Y adS om udak usmOf ;D ESifh (16) ESpf t&G,f rat;vSwdkY om;tzwufvmNyD; aemufrMumrD olYwkdufwGif jyóemtBuD; tus,f wufavawmhonf/ wpfnü OD;jrudk rat;vS\tdycf ef;xJwiG f OD;jr\ZeD;u rdomG ; onf/ xdkaeYrSpí OD;jr\ZeD;onf tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;avawmhonf/ OD;vSrSm [D;½dk;bwfpfum;BuD;wpfpD; axmifum aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,f vkypf m; onf/ OD;vS\ZeD; a':cifarrSmvnf; OD;vSvykd if pdwx f m;aumif;rGeNf y;D bk&m;? w&m;ESiafh eoljzpf onf/ olwo Ykd m;av; armifjrihx f ;l uvnf; vdrm® onf/ armifjrihx f ;l bGUJ &aomtcg rav;&Sm;ü tvkyo f mG ;vkyv f akd Mumif; ylqmonf/ rdbESpyf g; uvnf; wpfOD;wnf;aomom;av;uvnf; jzpfjyef? vdr®maomom;av;vnf; jzpfjyefrdkY puFmyloYkd ydaYk y;csio f nf/ odaYk omf cufwmu puFmylodkYydkYzdkYtwGuf aiGusyf odef; (20) cefY vko d nf/ vufxrJ mS aiGu usyif g;ode;f yifrjynh/f 'D t aMumif ; ud k OD ; jrwpf a ,muf b,fvdku b,fvdkodoGm;onfrod/ OD;vSwdkY rdom;pkrmS OD;jr\ZeD;wku d af y:rSqif;oGm;onhf tcsdefrSpí tquftqH t0iftxGufr&Sd/ at;aq;aom armifjrihfxl;uvnf; touf (60) ausmf OD;av;OD;jrudk touf (16) ESpf t&G,f olZY eD;av;u udu k kd udu k Ekd iS fh yvl;yvJ vkyo f nfukd Munhrf &í olOY ;D av;wdu k zf ufu oljY ywif;wHcg;udyk if taoydwx f m;onf/ ,ck awmh rarQmv f ihyf J OD;jru olww Ykd u dk af y:odYk wuf vmonf/ ]]tpfudk &Sdvm;a[h armifjrihfxl;/ rif;a&m puFmylomG ;rvdq Yk }kd }
OD;jru w&if;wESD;EIwfqufonf/ armifjrihx f ;l rSm rvTrJ a&Smifomojzihf tvku d f txku d f pum;jyefajym&avonf/ ]]&Syd gw,f? xdik Mf uyg/ uReaf wmf oGm; ac:ay;yhgr,f}}armifjrihx f ;l rSm olOY ;D av;OD;jrudk ol w pf O D ; wnf ; rvmbJ ol Y x uf i ,f a om olaY ,mu©rudak c:vmNy;D a&Tvrf;aiGvrf;azmuf &rvm;[k tBu;D tus,rf ausreyfjzpfaeonf/ ajr;t&G,o f ZYl eD;udo k mac:vmygu ESpOf ;D pvH;k udk wku d af y:rS olarmif;csrrd nfjzpfonf/ ]]armifjrihyf gvm;? bmudp&ö v dS v Ykd }J } OD;vSuvnf; oln Y OD ;D jr olw Y u dk af y: odYk rsuEf mS ajymifwu dk u f m olaY ,mu©rac:Ny;D wufvmonfukd odyMf unf[efrwl/ ]]uRefawmhudpöawmh r[kwfygbl;/ armifjrihx f ;l puFmylomG ;zdt Yk wGuf aiGvw kd ,f Mum;vdYk vmar;wmyg}} ]]aeygap? ihgrdwaf qGqrD mS ajymxm; Ny;D ygNy}D } ]][m- r[kww f m tpfuu kd vJ/ ajym xm;NyD;vJ jyefajymvkdufayhg/ ihgnDqDu&vdkY rvdak wmhb;l vd?Yk udak usmOf ;D ihgtpfuu kd kd ode;f (20) ay;vkdufav}}OD;vSu olYrdwfaqGqDrSm ajymxm;NyD;NyD[k [efvkyfum ajymae&aomf vnf; olrY w d af qGu olq Y rD mS aiGrvG,af Mumif; taMumif;jyefcNhJ y;D jzpf\/ armifjrihx f ;l uvnf; eufjzefaiGoiG ;f &rSmrdYk ,aeYyif wdu k u f kd aygifí oGm;rnfvkyfaeqJ wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif olYnD a&mufvmjcif;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf aemufxyf jiif;raeawmhbJ vufcv H u dk yf gonf/ ]]tpfudk twdk;awGbmawGay;zdkYrvkd pmrsufESm 28 odkY
- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON ANAPANA DIPANI
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"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u
aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq
a&;om;jyKpka
tmemy - - -
THE ANAPAN OR THE MANUAL OF MINDF by
Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo (1) tbd,mpuESihf y#dnmOf jrefrmouú&mZf 1265-ck waygif;vqkwf 11 &ufaeYwGif v,fuikd ;f NrKd Upm; 0ef&Y iS af wmf uif;0efrif;BuD; u w&m;"r®Mo0g'rsm;udk emcHvykd gaMumif;ESifh twefwef yihzf w d af wmif;yefavQmufxm;tyfonf jzpfí rEÅav;NrKd UawmfoYkd <ua&mufí ¤if;0efaY wmf&iS rf if;Bu;D \ tdrOf ;D ü 3-&uf? 3nOfh wnf;cdak exdik í f ¤if;0ef&Y iS af wmfrif;Bu;D ESiw hf uG ¤if;tdrOf ;D odkY w&m;em vma&mufMuukefaom rSL;awmfrwfawmf &[ef;&Sifvl jynfot l aygif;wdt Yk m; w&m;"r® jyoa[mjyíaepOftcg 0ef&iS afh wmf rif;Bu;D \om;jzpfol ykord Nf rKd UtkyEf iS fh armfvNrKd iNf rKd UZmwd rEÅav;ta&;ydik f rif; ½H;k awmfpma&;Bu;D armifcifwo Ykd nf toufxufq;kH pGNJ rt J m;xkw&f ef tmemygeur®|mef;tvkyfrsm;udk xkwfazmfa&;om; oem;csD;jr§ihfygrnhf taMumif;ESifh awmif;yefavQmufxm;onfjzpfí rH&k mG NrKd U v,fwD awm ausmif; q&migonf Oy&dyPÖmo- tmemygeówdow k f ygVdawmf jrwfukd teuft"dymÜ ,fEiS w fh uG tusO;f oacFytm;jzihf azmfjyaytHo h wnf;/ tbd,mpuESihf y#dnmOfNyD;\/
(2) wd k u f w G e f ; jcif ; -Oa,smZOf tusKd ;taMumif;wdu Yk kd aumif;pGmxifxif odjrifEikd Mf u&efaom ynm&St d aygif; olawmfaumif;wdo Yk nf]]wdPÖ rnw&H ,mrH? y#dZa*¾,s y@dawm-}} [laom "r®y'ygVdawmfjrwfEiS t fh nD t&G,o f ;kH yg;wdw Yk iG f yXr t&G,t f wGi;f rSpí abm*orÜwu då kd pGev Yf w T Nf y;D vQif b0orÜwpdå ;D yGm;udk tm;xkwMf uuke&f m\/ yXrt&G,t f wGi;f rSpí rwwfEikd cf v hJ Qif 'kw, d t&G,t f wGi;f rSpí abm*orÜwu då kd pGev Yf w T Nf y;D vQif b0orÜwpdå ;D yGm;udk tm;xkwfMuukef&m\/ 'kwd,t&G,ftwGif;rSpí rwwfEdkifcJhygvQif wwd,t&G,o f Ykd tqku d w f iG f tm;xkwMf uuke&f m\/ y@dawm? ynm&So d l rSeaf yrlum;/ wdP?HÖ t&G,o f ;kH yg;wdw Yk iG /f tnw&H ,mrH? wyg;yg;aomt&G,üf / y#dZa*¾,s? b0orÜwpdå ;D yGm;udk tm;xkwfokwfoif&m\/ (,cif y gVd a wmf t euf ) t&G,o f ;kH yg;vH;k rSmyif abm*orÜwdå vuf&w dS if;vif;ESiafh eí
Request and Accepance (abhiya-caka-, pat.iñña-na) On the repeated request of the Lekaing Myosa Wunshindaw Kinwun Mingyi, I proceeded to Mandalay on the 11th waning day of the month of Tabaung 1265 B.E. (March 1904), and delivered sermons to the monks and the laity for three days and three nights while sojourning in front of the Kinwun Mingyi's house. While I was thus engaged, the Kinwun Mingyi's son, who is the myo-ok of Pathein, and one Maung Khin who is the head clerk of the Deputy Commissioner's office in Mandalsy, requested me to write a manual on the practise of mindfulness of breathing (a-na-pa-nasati) for their lifelong guidance and benefit. In accordance with that request, I, the presiding Sayadaw of Ledi forest Monastery of Monywa, shall now expound concisely the Ana-pa-nasati Sutta as given in the Uparipannasa of the Majjhima Nikaya (MN No.118) II Exhortation to Practise and Strive for Spiritual Success Tinnam aññataram ya-mam, Patijaggeyya pandito. The wise man should cleanse himself by putting forth effort towards the attainment of spiritual success during at least one of the three periods of life. Dhammapada, 157 In accordance with the above admonition from the Dhammapada, wise and good people who have the ability to see clearly the relation of cause and effect should, right from the first period of life, renounce and relinquish success in the attainment of wealth (bhoga-sampatti) and put forth effort to attain spiritual success (bhava-sampatti). If effort during the first peirod of life is not possible, effort should be made during the second period of life. If effort during the second period of life is not possible, effort should be made as soon as one enters the third period of life. The essential points is that if one remains obsessed with material prosperity during all the three periods of life, one fails to take full advantage of the opportunity this life offers to win manifold higher benefits, for this life is like a great "wishing tree" from
- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON ANAPANA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/
21
usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
awmfrlaom
yge'D- yeD-
NA DIPANI R FULNESS OF BREATHING y
Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. b0ya'omyifBu;D udk ydik ;f ydik ;f vnf; rcHtyf[v l o kd nf/ ,cktcgrlum;- aovG,af ysmufv, G v f aS om 0dywåu d mvjzpf cJí h touf 50 udv k nf;aumif;? 55 ESpu f v kd nf;aumif;? abm*orÜwdå Yf w T í f b0orÜwdå e,f tqH;k xm;&m\/ xdrk aS emufü abm*orÜwu då pkd eG v pD;yGm; Ak'K¨ ygÜ ' 'kvb ’ tusKd ;rsm;udk tm;xkw&f m\/ (3) b0orÜwådtm;xkwfoihfaMumif; abm*orÜwådudkpGefYvTwfí b0orÜwådpD;yGm;udk tm;xkwfMu aom enf;vrf;onf trsKd ;rsKd ;&SMd u\/ (1) yXrt&G,f i,fpOftcgüyifvQif xD;eef;pnf;pdru f pkd eG v Yf w T f í &aoh&[ef;tjzpfEiS afh wmxGuMf uaom awrdrif;ç [w¬yd gvrif;wd\ Yk enf;vrf;wrsKd ;/ (2) yXrt&G,çf 'kw, d t&G,üf xD;eef;pnf;pdru f kd cHpm;pHpm; Ny;D rS wwd,t&G,üf xD;eef;pnf;pdru f kd om;Bu;D &wemtm;vTt J yfNy;D vQif rif;O,smOfü csr;f ompGm {upm&aexdik í f jA[®0[ d m&bm0emw&m;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwí f psmeformywfujkd zpfapí rif;O,smOfüyif touf &Sno f rQumvywfv;kH psmeformywfcsr;f omudk cHpm;pHpm;íaeMuaom r*¢a'0rif; tp aerdrif; tqH;k &Sad om &Spaf omif;av;axmifaomrif;wdYk \ enf;vrf;wpfrsdK;/ (3) rif;O,smOfoyYkd if rxGurf í l odMum;rif;zefqif;aom "r® ygom'trnf&Sdaom &wemtwdNyD;aom a&Teef;jyó'fBuD;twGif;ü {upm&aeawmfrlí jA[®0d[m& psmeformywfudkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí psmeformywfcsrf;omudk cHpm;pHpm;íaeawmfrlaom r[mok'óe pMumrif;BuD;\ enf;vrf;wpfrsdK;/ (4) a&TaywGifa&;om;í &mZN*dK[fbk&ifu apvTwfaom tmemygeur®|mef; tpDt&ifukd awGUjrif&m bHk 7-qif&h adS om a&Teef; jyom'fay:ü {upm&aeawmfrí l tmemygeur®|mef;tvkyu f kd tm;xkwf awmfr&l m tmemyge pwkwp¬ smefwidk af tmif aygufa&mufxajrmufawmf rlayaom wuúov kd rf if;\enf;vrf;wpfrsKd ;/ þodt Yk p&So d nfjzihf a&SUtzdüYk abm*orÜwpdå ;D yGm;udk vku d pf m; cHpm;Ny;D í aemuftzdüYk abm*orÜwEdå iS pfh yfaom aMumifMh updu k rf o I rm"d bm0emESihf qefYusifbufjzpfaom tjA[®p&d,rItaygif;tabmfESihf a&m,SufqufqHjcif;trIrsm;udk vGwfuif;atmifMuOfa&Smifí rdrdpdwf BuKd u&f m yGaJ wmftpmtm[m&udk aeYpOfyo Ykd qufoiG ;f aomol vla,musmf ;
which one may pluck many desirable things. As life today is hgihly uncertain and beings are liable to die and disappear quickly and unexpectdly, one should demarcate the age of 50 or 55 as the end of the period for seeking material prosperity. Thereafter, one should renounce and relinquish material prosperity and put forth effort to obtain spiritual success so that one can achierve the advantages offered by one's encounter with a Buddha-sasana, so difficult to meet. There are many ways of triving to obtain spiritual success. There is first the way of King Temi and King Hatthipala, who renounced the pleaures and enjoyments of throne and palace while still young, during the first period of life, and adopted the lives of ascetics in the forest. There is also the way of the long line of 84,000 kings from King Maghadeva to King Nemi, who reuled their kingdoms and enjoyed the pleause and luxuries of royality during the first and second periods of life, but who stepped down in favour of their eldest sons during the third period of life. They then led seculded lives in the royal gardens practising the meditation attained the jhanas (meditative absorptions) and continued to live in solitude enjoying the pleasures of these attainments until their deaths. Then there is the way of the universal monarch, King Ma-hasudassana, who did not even leave his royal palace to live in the royal gardens, but continued to reside in the great golden palace called "The Palace of Dhamma," ornamented with precious gems built for him by Sakka, the king of the devas in the Tavatimsa heaven. He continued to live alone in that rich palatial residence practising the four sublime states until he attained the jhanas. There is also the way of the king of Takkasila, who on seeing the instructions for the meditation on in-and-out breathing inscribed on the golden palm leaves sent to him by the king of Rajagaha, continued to reside alone on the uppermost storey of his seven -storied palace practising the meditation on in-anand-out breathing until he attained the fourth jhana. Wise Buddhists of the present day should emulate these distinguished personages of great future destiny, and select and adopt one or other of the practices aimed at spirutual success. Although, during the first period of life, they may pursue and live
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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufESihfom tawGUcHawmfrlMuí b0orÜwådpD;yGm;udk tm;xkwfMuayukefaom jyqdkcJhNyD;aom tavmif;vsmynm&SdBuD;wdkY\ enf;vrf;trsKd ;rsKd ;wdw Yk iG f ,cktcg Ak'b ¨ mom0if vlynm&Sw d o Ykd nf rdrw d Ykd tajctaeESihf oihfavsmf&menf;vrf;udk a&G;aumuftm;usvsuf b0orÜwdå tpD;tyGm;udk tm;xkwMf uuke&f m\/ wdu k w f eG ;f jcif; Oa,smZOfNy;D \/ (4) pdwfudktpdk;r&í oHo&marsm&yHk ,cktcg b0orÜwdå tpD;tyGm;qdo k nfum; Ak'K¨ ygÜ ' 'kvb ’ ESihf wuG rEkówå'v k b ’ wnf;[laom b0orÜwu då kd &&SBd uKH BuKd uí f aeMu onht f cgü *[|jzpfov l w l rYkd mS tmZD0|ruoDvüvnf; aumif;pGmwnf í um,*wmowdtvkyçf or®xur®|mef;tvkyçf 0dyóemur®|mef; tvkyu f kd pGpJ NJG rNJ rt J m;xkwrf u I kd b0orÜwpdå ;D yGm;rIqo kd wnf;/ orxrIç 0dyóem rI\ a&SUtzdüYk um,*wmowdtvkyu f kd tm;xkw&f onf/ um,*wm owd tvkyq f o kd nfum; owdy|meftvkyu f kd qdo k wnf;/ xdo k wdy|mef tvkyu f kd a&SUOD;pGm wnfaxmiftm;xkwjf cif;\taMumif;udk Oyrm,kwEdå iS fh wuG jyqdOk ;D tH/h pd w f t pd k ; r&aomol ½ l ; Oyrm avmuü rdrdpdwfudk rdrdtpdk;r&aom ol½l;olESrf;rnfonf wpfpw kH pfcak om twå[w d pD;yGm;rIç y&[dwpD;yGm;rIwüYkd toH;k rusojl zpf \/ tb,haf Mumifeh nf;qdak omf xdo k \ l pdwo f nf rdrx d rif;pm;rItvkyf wpfcrk Qüyif Ny;D pD;atmifrae? xdo k o l nf xrif;pm;qJtcgüyif xrif;yGJ udk oGeaf rSmufívGw&f mt&yfwyg;odYk xGuo f mG ;\/ wjcm;wyg;aom vla&;vl&mwdüYk qdzk , G rf &S?d toH;k rusoo l ufoufjzpfownf;/ aq;0g; wdjYk zihf ukoí yuwdaysmufNird ;f aomtcgü pdw\ f wnfMunfjcif;ud&k í yuwdval umif;jzpfav\/ xdt k cgrS vlpOfrí DS cyford ;f aom vla&;vl&m wdu Yk kd trsm;enf;wl wnfMunfaompdwjf zihf NyD;pD;atmif vkyaf qmifEikd f av\/ avmuü yuwdpw d af umif;ç ESv;kH aumif;ESifh jynhpf MkH uaom yuwdval umif;olaumif;wdo Yk nfvnf; odraf rGUvSpmG aom oxrpsmef tvkyfç 0dyóemynmtvkyfwdkYürlum; rdrdpdwfudk rdrdtpdk;r&aom ol½l;olESrf;t&mü wnfMu&jyefukef\/ wnfyHkum; bk&m;&Sdcdk;t&mü yuwdvw l \ Ykd pdwo f nf ]]£wdyad om}} wyk'q f ;kH onfwikd af tmif bk&m;*kPf ü pdu k í f rae? bk&m;*kPu f v kd w T í f tm½Hw k yg;odo Yk m xGuo f mG ;\/ tm½Hk wyg;odYk pdwx f u G o f mG ;wdik ;f t&Gwt f qdyk suu f u G cf yhJ grlum;- ]]£wdyad om}} wyk'u f kd wnOfv h ;kH &Gwq f akd omfvnf; tqH;k wdik af csmarmEdik Mf urnfr[kw?f e*dku EIwfwuf&NyD;jzpfíom t&Gwftqdk tpOfrysufbJ tqHk;wdkif acsmarmEdkifMuavownf;/ (cyford ;f aom ur®|mef;bm0em reodum&rIwüYkd þenf;csn;f rSw/f ) þum;- yuwdval umif;olaumif;qd&k aomolwo Ykd nfvnf; orm"dbm0emç ynmbm0emrIwüYkd rdrpd w d u f kd rdrt d pd;k r&Muaom ol½;l olErS ;f t&mü wnfMu&yHw k nf;/ þuJo h Ykd ol½;l olErS ;f t&müwnfvsuf &SMd uukeaf o;aomolwYkd onf r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ efukd rqdx k m;bdO;D ? ,ckb0 aoonf\tjcm;rJüh ok*wd b0udrk Q &Edik &f ef ta&;onfyifvQif tvGecf ufao;\? owdrMl uav uke/f (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
amidst the pleasures and enjoyments made possible by material prosperity, they should in good time renounce and relinquish their interest and concern with material wealth and all activities related to this goal. They should renounce and relinquish such practices as unchastity and association with friends and companionsm, which are habits inimical to the development of concentration (samadhi-bhavana). Retaining contact only with the person who serves them food, they should engage in the practises which lead to spiritual success. Drift in Past Samsara Because of Unstable Mind Here, for ordinary householders, practising for spiritual success means firmly establishing oneself in morality with right livelihood as the eight precept (ajivatthamakasila), and assiduously practising mindfulness of the body (kayagata-sati) tranquillity meditation 9samathia0kammatthana), and insight meditation (vipassana-kammatthana) within this lifetime, while one is yet in possession of the difficult achievements of obtaning a human birth and encountering the Buddha sasana. Before acquiring tranquillity and insight, one must practise mindfulness of the body, which is one of the four foundations of mindfulness (satipattha-na). I shall now explain with an example why it is necessary to practise the foundation of mindfulness at the outset. In this world, a madman who has no control over his mind is unable to work either for his own benefit or for the benefit of others. Even when eating his meals, he is liable to upset his plate and walk away. Far is it for him to be able to concentrate on work for the benefit of others. When this mad person is properly treated, he becomes sane and stable in mind and is then able to work for both his own benefit as well as for the benefits of others, just like other normal people. Similarly, when ordinary normal persons in this world, those with ordinary sane minds, undertake the subtle work of meditation for tranquillity and insight, they resemble the mad man without control over his mind. For example, when paying respects and reverence to the Buddha, the minds of normal persons do not remain steadily and continuously concentrated on the Buddha's noble and incomparable qualities. Even when repeating the stanza for recollection of the Buddha (iti pi so bhagava..) their minds wander, and if they were obliged to start again from the beginning whenever their attention strayed, their task of repeating the stanza would never be successfully completed. It is only because they have committed the stanza to memory that they can repeat it to the end. The same occurs in relation to any subject of meditation. This is how ordinary persons who are normally considered sane- are established as mad persons in the relation the meditative development of concentration and wisdom. Let all take heed! for in the case of such persons who have no control over their minds far from being able to achieve the path, fruits, and Nibbana (magga-phala-nibbana), it is uncertain whether they can erven obtain a rebirth in one of the happy worlds (sugati-loka). (To Be Continued)
TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/
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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdk Y ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom "ar®m0g'uxm
omoemawmfBuD; \ a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f (omoemtydkif;) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) c&D;rqHk;rD cg;awmif;usKduf rjzKwfavESihfOD; pdw"f mwfrnf;ol jzLvdrk l wl½cI &D;quf? þodYk qdt k yfcNhJ y;D aom tpD&ifjzihyf if opdwyå &da,m'gyeHt& pdwf"mwfjzLpifyHk tjcif;t&m &dyfrdEkdifavmuf&m\/ xdkYxufqufí jzLpifvdkygaomfum;.... wpfr*frS wpfr*foYkd wufíwufívnf;aumif;? wpfzv kd rf S wpfzv kd o f Ykd xGuí f xGuí f aomfvnf;aumif;? jzLpifonfxuf jzLpifpGm BudK;pm;Muukef&m\/ wpfr*frS wpfr*foYkd wufMu&mwGif oihfrSwfcsufwpfcsufvQif trnf; wpfpufwpfpufaysmuf tjzLwpfcsuf wpfcsufawmufap\/ r*fus zkdvf0if t&d,mZmwf0ifNyD; olwpfOD;\ vuf0,f&Sd ½Irw S cf suw f pfcsu[ f al om r*¾it f &monf aiGpifwpfrwfyrm aMu;pGm\/ tppGmaom 0dyóem&Siv f uf0,f&dS rSwt f m;uJo h Ykd ig;jym;wpfaph r[kwf awmhNy/D wpfr*fwpfr*fodkY c&D;aygufoGm;vQifum; tjzLwpfcsuf tawmuf trnf;vnf; wpfuu G f toufaysmufap\/ r*fuszdkvf0ifpOf&Sd t&d,mZmwfom;wpfOD;\ ½IrSwfcsuf[l aom r*ft&monfum; aiGpifwpfusyfyrm aMu;pGm\/ r*¾ift&m&Sd rSwt f m;rsm;uJo h Ykd rwfaphwpfaph r[kwaf wmhNy/D u/ tppGmaom 0dyóem&Si\ f rSwcf suw f pfcsuo f nf r*¾if t&m0if&m\ tajccHrQomqdkonfudk owd&Sd&m\/ c/ t&d,mZmwfom;\ rSwfcsufwpfcsufonf r*f0if&m\ r*¾it f &mqdo k nfukd owd&&dS m\/ */ r*fusqu J mv\ rSwcf suw f pfcsuo f nfum; a&SUr*fomG ;&m z0g;aemufr*f txyfxm;aom r*ft&m\ r*fqo kd nfukd owd&&dS m\/ xdo k aYkd ysmufaom tpuftuGuw f Ykd ukecf rf;aomf aygufaom tjzLcsufwdkYcsnf; tm½Hkwdkif;\ ae&mtjynfh vif;rnfudkvnf; wpfxpf cs ,HMk unftyf\/ opdwåy&da,m'g yeH\ pdwftjzLpifqHk;umvonf t&[wår*fjzihf udavomtm;vH;k udk t<uif;rJh vufuserf &Sd y,fzsuNf y;D aom t&d,mt&Sio f cifBu;D rsm;\ t½du k t f &mcHcsed u f mv
yifwnf;/ xdktcsdefrsKd;ESihf xdktcsdefrsKd;\ aemufydkif;&Sd pdwfawmfrsm;onf tod&adS eonft h avsmuf rodr&SNd y/D rodr&Sad wmhonft h avsmuf tod&adS eNy/D odaYk Mumihf rod&mrSjzpfaom ylyefaemufusjcif; O'¨pö ukuKú prö sm; rvm;Ny/D rod&mrSjzpfaom jrwfE;dk wuf<u rmefxjcif;rme uif;yNy/D rod&mrSjzpfaom pdwfrcefYudk,frBuHUrI xderd'¨rsm;vnf; z,f&Sm;oGm;NyD/ csprf ek ;f ESpyf g; igpGrJ sm;ESifh useft,kww f &m;rsm; ,cifuyif a&Smif&Sm;oGm;NyD;/ xdkpdwfrsKd;rSrjzL rnfonfhpdwf jzLrnfenf;/ odyYk gaomaMumihf opdwyå &da,m'gyeH[í l bk&m;&Siw f ikd ;f \ tqH;k trudk vdu k ef mvdMk uygukeaf om t&d,mavmi;fvsm olawmfpmG wdYk onf xdt k &[wåzv kd o f t Ykd a&muf c&D;aygufatmif awmufavQmufomG ; Muygavuke.f .. þum; opdwyå &da,m'gyeHt& pdwu f jkd zLpifpmG aq;aMum&yHk tydik ;f wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
COVER SPECIAL FEATURES
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]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/
rsufESmzkH;rS jyKtyfNy;D aom aumif;rI&o dS o l nf ypöKyeÜ b f 0ü 0rf;ajrmuf&\/ aemifwrvGefb0üvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf&\/ ypöKyÜefwrvGefESpfwefaom b0ü 0rf;ajrmuf&\/ rdrd\ pifMu,faom aumif;rIuHudk jrif&í xdak umif;rIjyKoo l nf 0rf;ajrmuf&\/ txl;0rf;ajrmuf&ay\/ *gxm-16 r[m"r®duOygoum 0w¬K þ"r®a'oemawmfukd jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf om0wdj¬ ynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf oDwif;oDvruif;? tusiafh umif;tusijfh rwf'get&yf&yfukd txyfxyfvLS 'gef;jyKpv k su&f dS aom "r®u d Oygoumudk taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmfr\ l / wpf&Haomtcgu om0wd¬jynfBuD;wGif "r®dutrnf&Sd Oyg oumonf&\ dS / xdOk ygoumonf rGejf rwfaom ESv;kH om;&SNd y;D tvSLa& pufvufEiS rhf uGm vSL'gef;ay;urf;jcif; tNrjJ yKavh&o dS jl zpfonf/ xd"k r®u d Oygoumonf ovmu,m*k? ovmubwf? yudu © bwf? edrEÅebwf? Oaygoxdubwf? tm*EÅKubwf? oHCbwfponf qGr;f cJb, G af bmZOftvSLrsm;ESifh 0gqdo k uFe;f tp&Sad om ouFe;f y&du&© m 0w¬Kypönf;ponfwdkYudk oHCmpaom olawmfaumif;wdkYtm; tpOf h vSL'ge txl;yGBJ u;D rsm; rMumcP qif,if aqmufwnfvLS 'gef;onft usif;yvSL'gef;avh&Sdav\/ ¤if;"r®duOygoumonf om0wd¬jynf&Sd jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif\ wynhf 'g,um'g,dumr? OygoumOygodumr wd\ Yk acgif;aqmiftBu;D trSL;jzpfí r[mOygoumBu;D [kwiG af v\/ ¤if;r[m"r®duOygoumBuD;wGif om;orD;trsm;tjym;&SdMu onfhteuf tusihfoDvjzLpifí tvSL'getNrJvdkvdk jyKavh&SdMuaom zcifBu;D ESiw fh o l nfh om;orD;wdv Yk nf; yg&SMd u\/ þod k Y j yqd k c J h N yD ; onf h t wd k i f ; xd k r [m"r® d u OygoumBuD ; om;orD;wdEYk iS w fh uG oDvoDwif;ruif;ojzihf tusiafh umif; tusijfh rwf 'get&yf&yfwdkYudk txyfxyfvSL'gef;jyKpkvsuf&Sdae&mrS? aemufwpf&H a&mtcgü xdrk [m"r®u d Oygoumtm; a&m*gpGu J yf tm,kocFg&qkwf ,k w f a omtcg? xd k r [m"r® d u Oygoumonf w&m;awmf u d k em,lvakd omaMumih?f &[ef;wpfyg;rQuv kd nf;aumif;? &[ef;awmfwpfusyd f ajcmufyg;wdrYk Quv kd nf;aumif; apvTwo f em;awmfryl g&ef jrwfpmG bk&m; &Sit f xHoYkd wrefapvTwyf ihaf vQmufav\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio f nfvnf; &[ef;wdu Yk kd apvTwaf wmfro l jzihf Yk nf <uoGm;awmfrMl uí ruse;f rrm a&m*gpGu J yfaom r[m xd&k [ef;wdo "r®duOygoum\ ausmif;&mjzpfaom anmifapmif;udk xuf0ef;usif vSnyfh wfNc&H v H suf pDrcH if;usi;f tyfaomae&mwdüYk xdik af eoDwif;oH;k Mu onf&adS omf "r®u d Oygoumu ]t&Sib f &k m;wdt Yk &Sijf rwfwt Ykd m; bk&m; wynhfawmf\ Munhf½Ixifxif zl;jrif&jcif;onf&cJyg\/ wynhfawmf onf ,cktcg tm;enf;jcif;jzpfvmygNyD/ odkYjzpfí t&SifjrwfwdkYonf wynh f a wmf t m; wpf c k a om ok w å e f a 'oemawmf w d k Y u d k &G w f z wf o&ZÑm,fMuukefonfjzpfí csD;jr§ihfawmfrlygukefavmh} [kavQmufMum; awmif;yefav\/ ]Oygoum? tb,fow k eå u f kd em,lrw S o f m;vdyk goenf;} [k &[ef;awmfwu Ykd jyefíar;jref;awmfr\ l / ]t&Sib f &k m;wkYd tvH;k pHu k ek af om bk&m;&Siw f o Ykd nf rpGet Yf yf aom owdyXme okwåefa'oemawmfudk emMum;vdkygonf bk&m;[k avQmufxm;av\/
Continue from front page Happiness here and hereafter (Maha Dhammika) Once there lived in Sa-vatthi, a lay disciple by the name of Dhammika, who was virtuous and very fond of doing charity. He generously offered food and other requisites to holy men regularly and also on special occasions. He was, in facth the leader of many virtuous lay disciples of the Buddha who lived in Sa-vatthi. Dhamma-nika and many children and all of them, like their father, were also virtuous and devoted to charity. When Dhammika was very ill and was on his deathbed he requested the Sangha to recite the sacred suttas by his bewdside. While the bhikkhus were reciting the Maha-Satipatthana Sutta he saw a vision of six decorated chariotes from six celestial worlds arriving to invite him to their redspective worlds. Dhammaika told them to wait for a while for fear interrupting the recitation of the Sutta. The bhikkhus. thinking that they were being asked to stop, discontinued their chanting and left the place. A little while later, Dhammika told his children a bout the six decorated chariots waiting for him. Then and there he decided to choose the chariot from the Tusita wold and he passed away with happiness and confidence in his mind. Thus, the virtuous man rejoices in this world as well as in the next. Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows: verse 16: Here he rejoices, hereafter he rejoices, in both states the well-doers rejoices, He rejoices, exceedingly rejoices, perceiving the purity of his own deeds. At the conclusion of the discourse, many of those assembled attaned Sota-patti Fruition and many bhikkhus were benefited and realised the Dhamma. Nyain Chan Oo.
]{um,aem t,Hbu d a© 0? ra*¾gowåmeH 0do'k , d¨ m} tp&Sad om owdyXmeokweå af 'oemawmfwu Ykd kd &[ef;awmfwu Ydk &Gwzf wf o&ZÑm,f um cs;D jri§ afh wmfru l ek \ f / xdkcPüewfjynfajcmufxyfwdkYrS tvHk;pHkaom wefqmwdkYjzihf qif,iftyfukefaom odE¨0ewfjrif;wpfaxmifuaom tjyefYtus,f wpf&mhig;q,f ,lZem&Su d ek af om ewf&xm;ajcmufpif;wdo Yk nf vsipf mG qdkufa&mufvmMuukef\/ xd&k xm;ajcmufpif;wdüYk ygvmMuaom ewfom;wdo Yk nf ]igwd\ Yk ewf j ynf o d k Y a qmif u k e f t H h ? igwk d Y \ ewf j ynf o d k Y a qmif u k e f t H h ç [k ajymqdNk y;D vQif ]tdt k csi;f Oygoum? ajrtd;k ajrcGuu f kd cGzJ supf eG yYf pfNy;D vQif a&Ttdk;a&TcGufwdkYudk ydkufzufayGU,lbdouJhodkY igwdkY\ ae&mjzpfaom ewfjynfüarGUavsmaf ysmyf g;jcif;iSm þ&xm;üjzpfygavmh} [k rdrw d Ykd pH&m jzpfaom ewfjynfukd cs;D rGr;f axmremukeo f nfjzpfí OygoumBu;D tm; ac:aeMuav\/ r[m"r®u d Oygoumonf xdek wfom;wdaYk jymMum;ac:qdak eMu aom pum;onf w&m;awmf\ tEÅ&m,fjzpfonf[k tvdkqE´r&SdvS aomaMumihf ]tdk toifwYkd iHv h ifMh uygOD;? iHv h ifMh uygOD;} [k [efw Y m; jrpfy,f\/ xdt k cg &[ef;awmfwu Ykd igwdu Yk kd [efw Y m;jrpfy,favonf[k
COVER SPECIAL FEATURES ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/ xif&MdS uaomaMumihf owdyXmeokwaf wmfukd r&Gwzf wf ro&ZÑm,frl í qdwq f w d o f mvQif aeMuav\/ xdktcg r[m"r®duOygoum\ om;orD;wdkYonf ]igwdkY\ aus;Zl;&Sif zcifonf umv&SnfMuma&S;tcgu jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ w&m;a'oemawmfukd em,l&onf&adS omf ra&mih&f rJ wif;wdrEf idk af om oabm&Syd gonf/ ,cktcgwGiu f m; bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;oHCmawmf taygif;wdYk &Gwzf wfo&ZÑm,fonfukd tb,faMumihf wm;jrpfaeygo enf;/ aovGejf cif;\ oabmudk raMumufaomowå0grnfonf r&Syd g acswum;[k rsm;pGmidka<u;jrnfwrf;Muav\/ &[ef;awmft&SifjrwfwdkYonfvnf; ,cktcg igwdkY\ tcGihf ae&mr[kwfacsNyD[k oabmydkufí ae&mrSxum<uoGm;a&Smifz,fMu ukef\/ r[m"r®u d Oygoumonf twefi,faom umvudk vGeaf pí owdw&m;xif&Sm;wpfzef&jyefaomtcg om;orD;wdkYudkac:í cspfom; cspforD;wdkY toifwdkYonf tb,faMumihf pdk;&drfylaqG; idka<u;jcif;udk jyKuek b f o d enf;[kar;av\/ ]]zcifonf &[ef;awmft&Sijf rwfwu Ykd kd yihaf c: awmif;yefí okweå "f r®ukd Mum;emonfjzpfygvsuf rdru d , kd w f ikd o f nfyif wpfzefwm; jrpfjyefonf/ xdkYaMumihf tuREfkyfwdkYonf aotHhaom oabmudk raMumufaom owå0grnfonfr&Syd gacswum;[k rsm;pGmidak <u;Mujcif; jzpfygonf}} [kajymMuav\/ xdktcg zcifr[m"r®duOygoumu ]cspfom; cspforD;wdkY igonf &[ef;awmft&Sijf rwfwt Ykd m; jrpfwm;pum;ajymqdo k nfr[kw/f ewfjynfajcmufxyfrS igYtm; vma&mufac:qdkaeMuaom ewf&xm; ajcmufpif;ESihf ewfom;wdkYtm; jrpfwm;ajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf[k ajymqdk &Sif;jy\/ ]]zcif xdek wf&xm;wdo Yk nf tb,frmS &Su d ek o f enf;? tuREykf w f Ykd rjrif&ygukew f um;}} [k ajymMum;aomf ]cspo f m; cspo f rD;wdYk toifwYkd üaumif;pGmoDu;kH tyfaom yef;uH;k onf &Syd goavm} [kar;vQif ]&Syd g onf} [kajymMum;onf/ xdktcg ]cspfom; cspforD;wdkY ewfjynfajcmufxyfü tb,f ewfbo kH nf omvGeyf rkd í kd arGUavsmzf , G af umif;oenf;} [kar;jref;aomf ]zcif tvH;k pHak om bk&m;tavmi;fawmfw\ Ykd r,fawmf crnf;awmfwYkd pH&m wkow d mewfjynfonf omvGeyf rkd í kd ESv;kH arGUavsmzf , G f aumif;yg onf} [kajymqdMk uojzihf ]xdo k jYkd zpfvQif oifcspo f m; cspo f rD;wdYk wkod wmewfjynfrv S maom &xm;ü uyfNiad eapownf;[k t"d|mefíyef;uH;k
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DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
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vmbawG wdk;yGm;atmif vkyfay;vdrfhOD;r,f/ ckawmh tJovdrk [kwb f J 'DewfawGukd xdik Nf y;D &Sdcdk;Muawmh 'DewfawG b,fvdkaervJ/ 'DrSm uReaf wmfajymr,f/ tJ'D twGi;f ^tjyif (37) rif;ewfawGu pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;Bu;D (4) yg; udk &Sdcdk;&w,f/ pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;BuD;u odMum;rif;udk &Scd ;kd &w,f/ wpfcg odMum;rif;u wpfaeYo;kH Burd f atmufuikd NYkH y;D vuftyk cf sw D ,f/ 'gudk rmwvdewfom;ujrifawmh- toifoMd um; rif;? tJ'g bmvkyw f mvJar;awmh odMum;rif;ua,*[|m yk n um&m? oDv0EÅm Oygoum/ "ar®e 'g&H aygaoEÅd? aweyómrd rmwvd - vd k Y a jz w,f/ t"dymÜ ,fuvljY ynfrmS o&P*Hw k nfoal wGç oDv &So d al wGç rdbudv k yk af uR;olawGç w&m;ojzihf aeolawGukd ig&Scd ;kd aewmwJ/h 'Dawmh ewftqihf qih&f cdS ;kd &wJh odMum;rif;uawmif vlujkd yef&cdS ;kd &ao;&if 'DtwGi;f ^tjyif (37) rif;ewfawGu vlukd ydv k aYkd wmif&cdS ;kd &OD;r,f/ tckawmh ajymif; jyefBuD;jzpfaeNyD/ tck uRefawmfajymaewm xif&mjrif&mawGavQmufajymaewmr[kwb f ;l / usrf;*eftaxmuftxm;qdkwJh tm*r,kwåd? vufawGUusus ,xmblwusus oHk;oyfwJh obm0,kw?då oufaotaxmuftxm;qdw k hJ om"u,kw?då taMumif;tusKd ;awGqufo, G w f hJ um&P,kwådawGeJYajymwm cifAsm;wdkYvufcH rvm;}} pojzihf ewftaMumif;rsm;ç bmom a&;taMumif;rsm;udk xdxrd rd &d iS ;f jycJah vonf/ odvdkorQ ar;vmonfhar;cGef;awGudkvnf; rd;k vif;csifvif;ygap? ar;ol&v dS u Ykd awmh pdw&f n S f vuf&n S f odorQ&iS ;f jycJ\ h / xdaYk Mumihf udak X;aZmf a&mufaeonf[k owif;Mum;vQif OD;vSxeG ;f tdr\ f npum;0dik ;f odYk teD;ywf0ef;usirf v S rl sm; tajy;tvT m ;a&muf v mMuonf / wpf c gcg tdraf &SU0g;uGyyf spyf if rqefcY siaf y/ 'geuxmç oDvuxmç o*¾uxmç umrmeHtm'De0uxmç aeu©rtmedoo H uxmç pwkopöuxmrsm;udk tpOftwdik ;f tEkrt S &iho f w Ykd idk af tmif wpfv wpfacguf a&muf&o dS nhn f wkid ;f nwdik ;f ajymjy &Si;f jyavonf/ tawmfrsm;rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf olrsm;&So d uJh tcsKd UrSm em;rvnfMuyg/ ewfEiS fh
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/ ywfoufí rd½;kd zvmtpOftvmtm;Bu;D cJah om olrsm;u vufrcHMuay/ xdv k rl sm;u &Gmxdyrf S q&mOD;ndKxmG ;xHomG ;um ajymMum;avonf/ ]]q&mBu;D - OD;vSxeG ;f tdru f v kd mvm aewJh &efuek u f {nho f nfwpfa,mufu ajym w,f/ twGi;f (37) rif;? tjyif (37) rif;qdw k m Nyw d må awGw?hJ tJ'g[kwv f m;}} ]]a[- [kwv f m;? tJovdb k aJ jymo vm;/ 'g oufoufapmfum;wmyJ/ tJ'Dvl b,frmS vJ? tck&adS o;vm;/ ]]tckawmh r&Sdawmhbl;? jyefoGm;NyD/ olu wpfvwpfcgvmaeMuyJ q&m}} ]]at;- awGUMuao;wmayhguGm/ q&m ndKxGm;wJh/ aemufvolvm&if ihgudkcsufcsif; vmajymprf;/ &efukefom;u vlyg;vm0vdkY? w,f- igrajymvku d cf sib f ;l }} q&mndKxGm; a'gotdk;aygufuGJae av\/ awmufwpfcwfcwfjzihf cg;udak xmuf xm;\/ ]]'ghaMumifjh zpfr,f? vSxeG ;f wdt Yk ydik ;f u ighqv D maeMuvlawG rvmMuawmhb;l ? 'g 'if; vufcsuyf ?J vmyavhapOD;ayhguGm/ q&mndKxmG ; taMumif; aumif;aumif;odap&r,f}} tcsd e f e m&D r sm;onf &xm;jywif ; aygufrS jrifawGUvku d &f aom"mwfwidk rf sm;uJo h Ykd w&dy&f yd af jy;vTm;aeMuonf/ þodjYk zihf aemuf wpfvqdak omtcsed u f mvodYk a&muf&v dS mcJyh g Ny/D udak X;aZmfonf OD;vSxeG ;f tdrw f iG f wnf;ae ustwkdif;? nbufpum;0dkif;zGJUí ajymaeus twkdif; tpOftvmrysufyg/ xdknwGif &GmrS rdwaf [mif;rdwo f pfrsm;u xyfíwd;k yGm;vm&m pum;0dkif;r[kwfawmhbJ a[majymyGJuJhodkYyif jzpfaeawmhonf/ tdr&f iS Of ;D vSxeG ;f uvnf; <uvmorQ rdwfo[mtaygif;udk apwemo'¨grcsdKUwJh? ua&u&mrk e f Y e J Y vuf z uf & nf M urf ; {nh f c H &Smavonf/ udak X;aZmf\pum;ü y&dowfwYkd {u *¾wm usaecsdef? tcsdeftm;jzihf n (9) em&D ausmfaausmfavmufwGif &GmrS t&uform; wpfa,mufukd q&mndKxmG ;rS pmay;vku d o f nf [kqu kd m pmtdwu f kd vlMum;xJoyYkd pfxnhv f u dk f NyD; ,dkifwd,dkifwdkifjzihf xGufcGmoGm;avonf/ xdkpmudk tdrf&SifOD;vSxGef;u,lNyD; azmufzwf Munhv f u dk \ f / xdaYk emuf- ]]udak X;a&? 'g cifAsm; pmyJAs? zwfMunhyf gOD;}} [kqu kd m udak X;aZmftm; vSr;f ay;vku d o f nf/ xdak X;aZmfonf OD;vSxeG ;f urf;ay;onhpf mud, k Nl y;D zwfMunhv f u dk o f nf/ ]]AsdKU- &efukefuqdkwJh q&morm;?
usKyfwdkY [dk;tpOftqufuwnf;u udk;uG,f vmwJh ewfawG? bd;k awmfawGukd Nyw d må awGvYkd ajym&atmif cifAsm; b,favmufod? b,f avmufwwf? b,favmuf ynmawG&adS evdv Yk ?J ynmawG odyw f wfaevd&Yk &dS if reufjzefaeYvnf (1)em&D usKyftdrfukdvmcJh? ynmcsif; ,SOf& atmif? owå&d &dS if qufqufvmcJyh g- ndKxmG ;}} ud k a X;aZmf o nf pmud k z wf N yD ; tdwu f yfxo J Ykd acgufxnhv f u dk u f m ajymvufp pum;udk qufajymavonf/ n (11) em&D ausmrf S pum;0dik ;f [kq&kd rvm;^ a[majymyG[ J k qdk&rvm;rodaom yGJav; ½kyfodrf;cJhonf/ vlrsm;jyefomG ;aomtcgrS OD;vSxeG ;f u ]]udak X;'Dupd ö b,fvv kd yk rf vJ}} [k ar;\/ ]]bmvky&f rSmvJ? oGm;rSmayhg OD;xGe;f &}} ]]roGm;ygeJY udak X;&,f? tEÅ&m,frsm; ygw,f/ olu atmufvrf;awGbmawGwwf w,fvv Ykd J Mum;w,f}} ]]'Dvykd rJG sKd ;udrk S uReaf wmfu EGcJ siaf e wm? uReaf wmfeYJ b,fov l u dk rf vJ}} OD;vSxeG ;f ESit fh wl ajc&if;acgif;&if;rS udak iGEiS fh udpk &H wdYk wD qm;eJw Y o Ykd vdk wGeo Yf mG ;Mu onf/ b,folrS rvkduf&JMu/ roGm;&efom wdu k w f eG ;f Muonf/ xdt k csed w f iG f jcifaxmifxrJ S xGufvmaom OD;vSxGef;\wljzpfol zdk;xdefu ]]udak X;- uReaf wmfvu dk rf ,f}} [k &J&0J 0hH ahH jym\/ þonfukd OD;av;jzpfou l wm;onf? wm;r&/ odjYk zihf udak X;aZmfEiS hf wlawmfarmifwEYkd pS af ,muf udk wm;r&onht f qH;k vufavsmu h m OD;vSxeG ;f wpfa,muf oufjyif;udck s&if; tdy&f m0ifcahJ wmh onf/ OD;ndKxGm;csdef;onhftcsdefem&Dtwd tus udak X;aZmfEiS fh armifz;kd xdew f Ykd OD;ndKxmG ; td r f o d k Y a&muf & S d o G m ;onf / OD ; nd K xG m ;u t&Hoihf apmihaf eNy;D ]]aMomf- zd;k xdeyf g vmwm f ud;k / uJ- vmMu vmMu? xdik x f ikd -f &efuek u q&mqd k v d k Y [J A D ; xif w m? vuf p oyf a wmh rSipf mav;ud;k }} [k ceJv Y u dk \ f / udak X;aZmfrmS touf (40) om&SNd y;D ? t&yfykyk? tom;jzLjzL? vlaumifao;ao;rdkY OD;ndKxGm;u ar;qwfum rkwfqdwfudkqGJ&if; ]]taumifao;awmhvJ tm;rpdu k &f awmhb;l ayhg uGm}} [k xyfuvdvu dk jf yefonf/ xkad X;aZmfu a'gorxm;yg/ olajymorQudk tNyHK;eJYwkHYjyef &if;- ]]uJ- OD;ndKxmG ; usKyu f akd c:wJu h pd }ö } ]]atmf- 'gvm;? usKyaf y;vku d w f phJ m cifAsm;av;zwfNy;D NyyD /J cifAsm;av;u usKyw f Ykd ud, k af wmfBu;D ? ud, k af wmfav;awGukd apmfapmf um;um; Nyw d må av;bmav;eJY ud, k af wmfBu;D ?
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udk,fawmfav;awGtaMumif; wpfywftwGif; odap&r,f? cifAsm;av;&JU aeYemrfukd twdtus ajym}} udkaX;aZmfu olY&JUarG;&uf? arG;v? ouú&mZfudk pm&Gufüa&;í ay;vkdufonf/ ]]usKy&f UJ aeYemrfawmh ay;Ny;D Ny/D cifAsm;&JU aeYemrf udv k nf;ajym}} OD;ndKxmG ;ajymonhf aeYemrfukd pm&Guf üa&;um udak X;aZmfwpfcsuNf yKH ;vku d o f nf/ ]]uJ- OD;ndKxmG ;- a[m'DrmS Munh}f } [k qdu k m vG,t f w d x f rJ S za,mif;wdik Ef iS v fh rd af uG; xm;aom prk w f w H w pf a csmif ; ud k u d k i f u m OD;ndKxGm;\aeYemrfa&;xm;aom pm&Gufudk za,mif;wdkifwGif vdyfywfvkduf\/ xdkYaemuf prkww f aH uG;xm;aomxdyu f kd za,mif;wdik zf if xJ o d k Y xd k ; oG i f ; um rD ; jcpf j zih f r D ; n§ d v k d u f í za,mif;wkid u f kd aZmufx;kd qGx J m;vdu k o f nf/ ]]OD ; nd K xG m ;- cif A sm;u usKyf u d k wpfywftwGi;f bmjzpfr,f? nmjzpfr,feYJ rNcrd ;f ajcmufe/YJ tck usKyzf a,mif;wdik f aZmufx;kd xGe;f xm;w,f/ 'Dr;D rNird ;f cif tckcsucf si;f cifAsm; bmjzpfomG ;r,fxifovJ- apmifMh unh}f } OD;ndKxmG ; aMumifawmifai;Munh&f if; aZmacR;rsm; jyefvmawmhonf/ tom;rsm;yif wqwfqwfwek cf gvm\/ ]]q&m q&m? q&m av; tJovdrk vkyyf geJ?Y usKyaf wmif;yefygw,f/ rD;rIwv f u dk yf g? usKyt f ½I;H ay;ygNy}D } udak X;aZmfonf atmifEikd o f nhf tNyKH ; udkNyHK;um za,mif;wdkifrD;rIwfvkdufav\/ ]]q&mav; naeus&if tdru f jkd yefvmcJyh g? usKyf xrif;zdwaf uR;yg&ap/ ½d;k ½d;k om;om;eJY wu,f ac:wmyg/ q&mav;wpfa,mufwnf;yJ vmcJh Asm? usKy&f ifziG yhf g&ap}} ]][kwu f hJ aumif;ygNy?D uReaf wmfvmcJh yghr,f}} þodjYk zihf udak X;aZmfEiS zfh ;kd xdew f o Ykd nf OD ; vS x G e f ; td r f o d k Y jyef c J h M uonf / vrf ; wG i f zd;k xdeu f wpfar;xJar;vmonf/ ]]udak X; za,mif;wdik u f aq;za,mif; wkid v f m;}} ]]b,fuvm aq;za,mif;wdik &f rSm vJ? reufu igukvm;uGr;f ,mqkid u f 0,fvm wm? ignpma&;wJt h cg rD;ysu&f if tqifoifh jzpfatmifvdkY}} ]]'geJY za,mif;wdik u f dk aZmufx;kd xGe;f awmh OD;ndKxmG ;Bu;D bmjzpfrvJ}} ]][- bmjzpf&rvJ? bmrSrjzpfbl;/ za,mif;wdik u f kd aZmufx;kd xGe;f awmh rD;vif;wm ayhg/ za,mif;wdkifudk aZmufxdk;xGef;xGef;?
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
twnhx f eG ;f xGe;f xGe;f &ifr;D vif;wmyJ/ 'g[m vSnhfpm;rIwpfckyJ/ OD;ndKxGm;u olYtvkyfudk ol u d k , f w k d i f r,H k M unf b l ; av/ ol [ m [ef a qmif v d r f n maeol w pf a ,muf q d k w m olrY suv f ;kH rSm ay:aew,f/ igu bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmay:rSm ,HkMunfrItjynhf&Sdw,f/ ol wu,f pke;f wd?Yk atmufvrf;wd?Yk 12BuKd ;? 13BuKd ; wdYk wwfO;D awmh? igraMumufb;l / o&P*Hw k nf olwpfa,mufukd b,fvrkd S w&m;enf;vrf;rus wJhtwwfynmawGeJY tEÅ&m,fray;Edkifbl;vdkY ig,HMk unfw,f/ 'g ,HMk unfrw I u kd yf yJG aJ yhguGm/ ig olu Y zkd ed v Yf u dk w f m wpfcsuw f nf; um;oGm; wmyJ}} ]][m;-[m;-[m;? udkaX;wdkYuawmh vkycf svu dk jf yefNy}D } [k zd;k xdeu f &,farmumajym av\/ odjYk zihf tdro f aYkd &mufaomtcg &ifwr rjzihf apmihaf e&Smaom OD;vSxeG ;f tm; taMumif; pHu k kd armifxed rf jS yefíajymjyvku d o f jzihf wpf0g; 0g; wpf[m;[m;jzpfum yGu J somG ;avawmhonf/ naeapmif;wGif udak X;aZmfwpfa,muf pmrsufESm 19 rS ygbl;/ nDtpfuckd si;f yJ/ xH;k pHrYkd pmcsKyrf mS awmh tpfuv kd ufrw S x f ;kd ay;vku d yf g}} ]]r[kwfwmbJ/ olrsm;qDuacs;vJ twd;k ay;&rSmyJ[m? ig;usyw f ;kd awmh ,lyg}} ]]apwemeJY ulnDwmyg/ pmcsKyfrSm vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;&wmu tpfudkYudk r,HkvdkY r[kwyf gbl;/ vkyif ef;oabmt&yg/ pmcsKyu f kd vJ tpf u d k z wf M unf h y gOD ; / twd k ; rJ h q d k w m uRefawmfxnhfa&;xm;ygw,f}} OD;vS pmcsKyu f kd zwfMunhv f u dk o f nf/ oln Y aD jymonht f wkid ;f usyo f ed ;f (20) twd;k rJh xkwfacs;aMumif; wpfaMumif;wnf; a&;xm; onf/ OD;vSvnf; bmrSxyfajymraeawmhbJ pmcsKyu f kd vufrw S x f ;kd ay;vku d o f nf/ ]]aus;Zl;yJ armifjr? rif;aiGukd igtjref qH;k jyefqyfygh r,f}} ]]'DaiGu aiGat;yg tpfu/kd 'DaiGjyef qyf z d k Y t wG u f tpf u d k wjcm;rS m r&S m ygeJ Y / uRefawmfwdkYrSm tvkyf&Sdao;vdkY cGihfjyKygOD; tpf u d k } }armif j rih f x l ; puF m yl x G u f o G m ;NyD ; wpfvceft Y MumwGif OD;jr\a&SUaexHrS wpfywf twGif; tdrfrSqif;ay;&ef EkdYwpfpma&mufvm avonf/ OD;vS acgif;rD;awmufavNy/D oln Y D OD;jr olYtay: aumufuspf,kwfrmcJhonfudk OD;vSwpfa,muf ausmcsrS "m;jyrSe;f odawmh onf / pmcsKyf r d w å L wpf a pmif OD ; vS t m; ray;jcif;? aiGusyo f ed ;f (20) twd;k rJah cs;onf [k pmwpfaMumif;wnf; a&;xm;jcif;wdkYrSm
wnf; OD;ndKxGm;tdrfodkYa&mufoGm;avonf/ bk e f ; BuD ; yG J t vm; xif r S m ;&avmuf a tmif jyifqifxm;onhf xrif;yGjJ zihf {nhcf aH uR;arG;\/ xrif;pm;Ny;D aomtcg OD;ndKxmG ;crsm udak X;aZmf tm; &ifziG afh wmh\/ ]]q&mav;u 'DynmawG b,fwek ;f uwnf;u qnf;yl;cJw h mvJ}} ]]uRef a wmf b,f w k e f ; urS v nf ; rqnf;yl;cJb h ;l / wwfvnf;rwwfb;l / &Sv d nf; r&Sdbl;/ &Sdwmu bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm 'gyJ tm;ud;k w,f? ,HMk unfw,f/ aeYvnfu vky&f yf uawmh cifAsm;&JUpdwfudk prf;Munhfvkdufwm/ OD;ndKxmG ;&,f r[kww f ½kwaf wGeYJ pD;yGm;r&Smcsif prf;ygeJ}Y } ]]cGihfvTwfyg q&mav;&,f/ usKyf touft&G,ef YJ 'Dv0kd ifaiGaumif;wJt h vkyrf sKd ; wpfjcm;rSmr&Sb d ;l / usKyrf o d m;pk pm;0wfaea&; twGuf vky&f wmyg}} ]]OD;ndKxmG ;&JUpD;yGm;a&;udk rydwyf ifcsif ygbl;/ 'gayr,hf ½d;k om;Ny;D rodem;rvnf? A[k wrifjyKvyk cf o hJ nfukd ,ckrS &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; od&awmhonf/ aemufrS atmufwiG f wdu k u f kd usyf ode;f (20) ESifh taygifxm;aMumif;? wpfv twGif;ra&G;u wdkufESihfNcHudk aiGxkwfacs;ol OD;jrodYk ay;tyf&ef oabmwlaMumif; jznhaf &; xm;onf/ aiGacs; pOfu pmcsKyrf w d Lå wpfapmif &,l rxm;jcif;rSm OD;vS\trSm;jzpfawmhonf/ vl½dk;vlat;jzpfaom OD;vSwdkY ZeD; armifErHS mS wku d af y:rS qif;ay;vku d &f onf/ [D;Edk bwfpu f m;Bu;D udak &mif;Ny;D ouFe;f uRe;f bufwiG f tdru f av;wpfv;kH 0,fum aeMuonf/ ypön;f ocFg&? vlocFg&[laom w&m;oabmudk ESv;kH oGi;f um olwZYkd eD;armifEHS ajzMu&onf/ nDO;D jr udak wmh rsuEf mS rMunhcf siaf vmufatmif &G&H mS rkef;wD;rdMuavonf/av;ig;ESpfcefYtMumwGif um; OD ; jr wpf a ,muf 0#f v nf a vNyD / ol\wdu k Ef pS w f u kd f vH;k udk ajr;t&G,o f ZYl eD;av; om;tzu odr;f ydu k v f u dk Mf uonf/ udak usmOf ;D ESifh rat;vS r S m vnf ; trS e f p if p pf u om;tz r[kwfacs/ rat;vSrSm udkausmfOD;\ZeD;jzpf onf/ ZeD;udk orD;ysKd tjzpf wnfMuufvyk Nf y;D rsuEf Bk uKd uaf om EGm;tdBk u;D OD;jrudk t&zrf;cJjh cif; jzpfonf/ udak usmOf ;D \ ,kwrf mrIrmS þrQEiS fh r&yf a o;/ wd k u f E S p f w k d u f v H k ; ud k rat;vS emrnfjzihf vTJay;&ef wpfESpftwGif; pDpOfNyD; aemuf wkdufESpfwkdufvHk; rat;vSemrnfjzihf pmcsKypf mwrf;ESiv fh aJT y;Ny;D onfEiS fh rat;vSukd tdrfrS pdwfqdk;qif;oGm;onhftaejzihf tdrfrS xGucf mG apum NrKd UxJwiG f wdu k cf ef;iSm;xm;um udak usmOf ;D u wdww f qdwaf ygif;oif;aeonf/
okw acgif;yg;MuwJh 'Daus;vufa'ovlawGukd vdrfnmNyD; aiG&Smwmawmh b,faumif;rvJ? cifAsm;twGuv f nf;raumi ;f bl;/ pHawmhow l Ykd wpfawG? cHawmhigwpfa,mufwnf;qdkovdk cifAsm;tjypf cifAsm;wpfa,mufxJ cH&rSm/ ½d;k ½d;k om;om; vkypf m;&if xrif;awmh riwfygbl;Asm/ aemufq;kH uGr;f ,mqdik af v;zGi&hf ifawmif xrif; pm;zd&Yk w,f/ 'Dvv kd rd n f mwJt h vkyef aYJ wmh pD;yGm; r&Smapcsifbl;}} ]][kwu f ?hJ usKyef m;vnfygNy/D usKyw f Ykd &GmrSmvnf; qufaevdYk r&awmhygbl;/ bmyJajym ajym usKyrf mS t&if;tES;D &Sw d efoavmuf &Sad eyg Ny/D [oFmwNrKd Uay:udak jymif;Ny;D ukepf q kH idk af v; zGizfh Ydk &nf&, G v f u dk Nf yAD sm}} ]]om"k- om"k- om"kAsm? 'gbk&m;BuKd uf ewfBuKd uf tm;vH;k BuKd uw f hJ or®mtmZD0tvkyyf ?J uJ- uReaf wmfjyefvu dk Of ;D r,fAsm}} udak X;aZmfonf 0rf;omjcif;? MunfE;l jcif;? &Tiv f ef;jcif;rsm;jzihf yDwrd sm;vTr;f NcKH vsuf jyefcJhygawmhonf/ udkjirf; (½ku©aA') udak usmOf ;D onf OD;jrESit fh wlqufaeNy;D OD;jrudk jynhw f efqmrav;rsm;&Smay;Ny;D aysmyf g;aponf/ H. I. V a&m*gjzihf a0bm*Daq;½Ho k aYkd &mufaom tcg wkdufESpfvHk;udka&mif;NyD; udkausmfOD;wdkY vifr,m; ajc&mazsmufomG ;Muavawmhonf/ ,aeYum; OD;jr\aemufqHk;aeYay wnf;/ q&m0efBuD;\taMumif;Mum;csuft& OD;vSwZYkd eD;armifEv HS nf; tem;wGiaf &mufaeNy/D t½dk;ay:ta&wif rsufwGif;a[mufyufESifh vl½kyfray:aom OD;jrudkjrif&awmh emusnf; &GrH ek ;f pdwrf sm; vGijfh y,fum OD;vSwZYkd eD;armifEHS rsu&f nf0rJ o d nf/ OD;jrum; pum;rajymEdik af wmh Ny/D vuftyk cf su D m rsuv f ;kH rsm;jziho f m awmif; yefae&Smonf/ ]]igwdt Yk m;vH;k rif;udck iG v hf w T yf gw,f/ &wemoH;k yg;udk tm½Hjk yKaemf armifjr}} OD;vS\pum;tqHk;wGif OD;jronf rsuv f ;kH rSw d u f m vufEpS zf uf ajyavsmu h somG ; Ny;D vlb Y 0rS tNy;D wdik x f u G cf mG oGm;avonf/ OD;vSonf ]ay} jzpfpOfu cHc&hJ aomf vnf; ,ck rdrd ]wl} jzpfaomtcgüum; nDO;D jr udk vufwjYkH yefum rEScH &hJ mS ay/ OD ; vS o nf rd r d \ b0ysuf a tmif taumufBuHcJhaom nDOD;jrtay: cGifhvTwf½Hk omru oln Y v D v kd , l w k rf mwd\ Yk taumufBurH I aMumifh b0ysucf &hJ aom nDO;D jrudyk if oem;ae &Smum 'Db0'DrQESihfom rdkufa<u;ausygap aMumif; nDru kd t f wGuf qkawmif;ay;&Smonfukd awGU&ygownf;/ MunfvGif
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/
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aojcif;w&m;udk pl;prf;Munhfjcif; raocsmra&&mwJh avmuBu;D xJrmS aocsma&&mwJhw&m;uawmh aojcif;w&m; vdYk qdEk ikd yf gw,f/ trSww f rJah vmuom;wdik ;f aojcif;udak Mumuf&UHG Ny;D olt Y aMumif;udpk Of;pm; rd&if txdwx f w d t f jymjymeJY wkev f yI o f mG ;Mu& wm aorIeyYJ wfoufwhJ todtjriftay: Bu;D rm; wJh t0dZmÆ u zk;H uG,x f m;vdyYk g[k qkMd u&atmif "r®rw d af qGw/Ykd >cif;csufawmh&Sdygw,f/ r&PrSm tqH;k owfMu&r,fqNkd y;D owå0gtm;vH;k aojcif; udk aMumufaeMuayr,hf t0dZmÆ uif;Ny;D wJh 0dZmÆ ÓPftvif;&Siaf wGuawmh raMumufMuygbl;/ aojcif;w&m;udk em;vnfoabmaygufomG ;wJh olrsm;jzpfvYkd r&PudEk ikd o f mG ;w,fvYkd qdEk ikd Nf yD ayhg/ 'gayr,hf avmuDe,fxrJ mS wcsKd Uwav &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;aorIukd raMumufwo hJ al wG ay: vmwwfygw,f/ trsdK;bmomçomoemudk *kPfodu©meJYumuG,fvdkwJhtmZmenftrnfcH yk*Kd¾ vrf eG af wGay:vmwJt h cgrsKd ;yg/ toufxuf wefzdk;&SdwJht&mudk &csifvdkY olwdkYtoufudk raMumufr&GHU pGefYvkdufMuwmjzpfygw,f/ tmZmenfwdkY&JU raMumuf&GHUjcif;u trSeq f &kd if tvJtvS,o f abmrsKd ;awmhygw,f/ b0wPS m uif ; jywf a ewJ h y k * ¾ d K vf j rwf a wG v d k tvJtvS,foabmrygbl;awmhr[kwfygbl;/ toufpeG w Yf ,fvyYkd ifajymrjzpfygbl;/ bmaMumihf vJqdkawmh touf? 0dOmOf? vdyfjym? twå oabmrsKd ;r&Sb d ;l a[mxm;ayord-Yk pGew Yf wfol uwåm;oabm uif;aevdjYk zpfygw,f/ 0do'k rd¨ *f t|uxmrSmvnf; twårygwJo h o H &mpufqkd NyD; ]]jyKolum&u- twårxif? cHoal 0'u twår,SOf? jyKcHaMumif;usdK;- uGif;½dk;quf wG i f ? quf r jywf &[wf v nf N rJ y if } } vd k Y axmufjyxm;wJh rax&fjrwfawG&JUpum;awG txift&Sm;&Sdaew,fr[kwfygvm;/ ynm&Siaf wGtaeeJY r&PtaMumif; udk em;vnf,Ofyg;Ny;D avmuom;awG taMumuf avsmah tmif BuKd ;pm;wifjycJMh uygw,f/ urÇm ajray:rSm ay:aygufcJhMuwJh bmomw&m; trsKd ;rsKd ;wdrYk mS vnf; 'Dr&Pudrk aMumufzYkd a[m cJhwJh a'oemawG? tqdktrdefYawGudk BudK;pm; xkwfjycJhMuw,f/ tcsdKUppftbd"r®mawGrSm aoa&;udrk aMumufr&GUH rdu k rf u dk u f ef;uef;&ifqidk f &Jatmif tawG;tac:awGow G o f iG ;f cJMh uw,f/ ]]edyGef}} ao&ifwdkusdKudka&mufr,f? usnfqH a&SU&ifbwfbufurSe&f if ewfjynfa&mufr,f?
aemuf a usmbuf u azmuf 0 if & ef i&J j ynf usr,f / BuD ; BuD ; ao&if i,f i ,f j zpf r ,f ponhv f rkd sKd ;awGayhgav/ 'DtxJuvdrk sKd ;r[kwf ayr,h f urÇ m ork d i f ; acwf t oD ; oD ; u awG ; ac:ynm&S i f w d k Y & J U tqd k t rd e f Y w csd K Uud k pkaqmif;a&;rSwx f m;wJh yÍör ayyifrax&fjrwf Bu;D &JU "Philosophy Of Death" pmtkyfxJu ynm&Siw f csKd U&JU t,ltqudk aojcif;w&m;ESifh ywfoufNyD; tawG;tjrif av;rsm; &Sifoef ayguf z G m ;Ed k i f & ef rQa0ay;csif y gw,f / rodwJhvluaMumufayr,hf odoGm;wJhvlu r&PudkEdkifoGm;apcsifvdkYyg/
udkat;rif;(yJcl;)
Some Philosophers say- Death ends all tcsKd UawG;ac:ynm&Sir f sm;u aojcif;
onf t&mtm;vH k ; tqH k ; owf o G m ;jcif ; jzpf onfw/hJ 'Dtqd&k iS &f UJ qE´u b0qdw k m r&P udpöjzpfNyD;&if aemufqufwGJbmrSrusefawmh bl;vdq Yk akd eygw,f/ b0wpfcv k ;kH &JU aumif;jcif;? qdk;jcif;oabmawGcsKyfNidrf;oGm;wmaocsm&if awmh vufcEH ikd pf &m&Sad yr,hf pum;tjzpfom ajymvdkufwmjzpfvdkY ax&0g'½Iaxmihfuae Munhrf ,fq&kd if Oapä''d|t d ,lvaYkd jym&rvm;yJ/ wpfcak wmh&w dS ,f? b0pGu J if;Ny;D oljzpfcrhJ ,fqkd &ifawmh ]]edAEÁ dÅ "d&m ,xm,H y'Dayg}} qdw k hJ pum;awmft& rD;pmukefqDcef;wJh qDrD;Nidrf; ovd k Nid r f ; oG m ;w,f v dkYajym&rSmyg/ cDPm Zmwdvv Ykd nf; qdEk ikd yf gw,f/ Others says; Death is the door loading to a new life tjcm;aomawG;ac:&Sif
rsm;u aojcif ; qd k w m b0a[mif ; uae b0opfudkxGuf&m wHcg;aygufjzpfw,fvkdY qdMk uygw,f/ 'Dtqd&k iS u f v kd ufco H rl sm;uawmh wrvGefavmub0&Sdw,fvdkY ,HkMunfolrsm; jzpf y gw,f / 'D a e&mrS m vnf ; tu,f í 0dÓOfaumif? vdyfjymaumif? twå (ZD0wår) ul;w,fq&kd if awmh oów'd|jd zpfomG ;rSmyg/ Oapä''d|u d jywfrmS ;vdq Yk Nkd y;D oów'd|u d awmh qufrSm;vdkY qdkaeMuwJh Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdif; wrvGefudk ,HkMunfMuygw,f/ 'gayr,hfvdkY jrwf A k ' ¨ & J U aMumif ; usd K ;quf y#d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f a'oemawmft& qufwGJvnf;r[kwfovdk vHk;0jywfw,fvnf; r[kwfwJh aMumif;usdK; uGif;qufjzpfpOfESihf csKyfpOfudkom vufcH aeMuwmjzpfygw,f/ obm0jyóemt&yf&yfukd ajz&Si;f
EdkifwJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfu 'Dtwkdif; oGm;wmjzpfygw,f/ OyrmESihf,SOfMunhfvQif jrif E d k i f a tmif zó? a0'em? wPS m qd k w J h uGif;qufw&m;oHk;yg;&JU qufoG,faeyHkudk MunhfMuygpdkY/ a0'emudk tv,fuxm;wm jzpfvdkY ol&JUa&SUuaewJh zó[ma0'em&JU taMumif;w&m;jzpfNy;D a0'emaemufujzpfay: vmwJh wPSmuawmh a0'em&JUtusdK;w&m; jzpfvmygw,f/ zó taMumif;rcH&if a0'em ay:vmrS m r[k w f o vk d ? a0'emray:vd k Y taMumif;rcHbl;qdk&ifvnf; wPSmjzpfvmrSm r[k w f y gbl ; / zóud k axmuf q vk d u f & if a0'emutusd K ;w&m;jzpf N yD ; wPS m qD u jyef M unh f v k d u f & if a0'emutaMumif ; jzpf aeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh a0'em[m tusdK;jzpf ovdk taMumif;w&m;qdkwJhoabmudkvnf; aqmifaeygw,f/ xdkYtwl zóa0'emujyefMunhf&if taMumif ; jzpf a eayr,h f oVm,weuae Munh&f if tusKd ;w&m;jzpfomG ;ygw,f/ a0'em uaeMunh f & if wPS m [mtusd K ;jzpf a yr,h f Oyg'gefuaejyefMunh&f if wPSm[m taMumif; w&m;jzpfvmygw,f/ 'Dvrkd sKd ; aMumif;usKd ;tae eJY vnfywfpD;qif;aewJhoabmudk ]]y0g[= a&vdt k vsO}f } eJY pD;qif;aew,fvq Ykd Nkd y;D w&m; wpfckpD&JUtwGif;tESpfom&oabmjcm;em;jcif; udk ]]0dpädE´= jywfawmufw,f}} vdkYqdkwmyg/ b,fvjkd ywfawmufaevJq&kd if zó&JUoabm vu©PmuxdawGUjcif; (contact) vdq Yk ykd gw,f/ (ud, k w f idk \ f tawGUtBuKH t&jzpfap? rvdt k yf [k odrf;ydkufzl;aom "r®m½Hkac: tawG;tm½Hk
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/
a[mif;ESijhf rifq½J yl g½Hw k u Ykd kd EdiI ;f ,SOcf suf jyKvyk f ay;vku d af om qH;k jzwfox d ad wGUjcif;oabmvdYk v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;u (BuH&nfBudwfpuf&JU wm0efeJYEdIif;,SOf t"dyÜm,fzGifhjyxm;ygw,f/ a0'emu (Sensation) cHpm;rI? wPSmu (Desire) rufarmqmavmifjcif;vdYk t"dygÜ ,fzi G q hf kd EdkifvdkY oabmvu©PmawG rwlMuygbl;/ 'gaMumihf ]]0dpEäd y´ 0g[= oabm vu©Pmjcm; em;vsu&f adS Mumif; usKd ;qufp;D qif;rI}} vdYk qdEk ikd f ygw,f/ oabmvu©Pmjcm;em;rIaMumifh quf w ,f v d k Y r ,l q Ek d i f o vd k aMumif ; usd K ; ruif;vdkY jywfw,fvdkYvnf; rqdkomygbl;/ wcsdKUq&mawGuawmh &SifrIeJYaorI qdw k m aMu;eDyu kd q f &H UJ acgif;eJyY ef;oabmygyJ wJh/ (Life and death are like the head and tail of the same coin) b0tpeJYtqHk;qdkwm ausmeJ&Y ifvckd rJG &bl;qdw k hJ oabmtwkid ;f jzpfyg w,f/ 'gu bmudak jymovJq&kd if &ifuv kd &kd if ausmyg&r,f/ ausmudv k &kd ifvnf; &ifyg&vm rSmjzpfygw,f/ ydu k q f t H a<uaph&UJ acgif;buf f ,f/ yef;bufus rvdck sib f ;l qdk udo k m vdck siw vdYk rjzpfEikd o f vdk tjzpfuo kd mvdck siNf y;D tysuf udk aMumufwwfjcif;[m rSm;,Gif;wJhysufvHk; jzpfygw,f/ aemufwcsdKUuawmh aojcif;qdkwm xGufvmwJhae 0ifoGm;wJhoabmjzpfw,f/ "Death is the nature of seting in of the rising sun" vd k Y a jymwmyg/ ol Y t qd k u d k
quf p Of ; pm;Munh f v k d u f & if aexG u f v mwJ h oabmu &Sio f efrI (Zmwd) jzpfw,fvYkd ajymEdik f r,fxifygw,f/ aexGu&f v dS o Ykd m ae0if&&dS wm jzpfw,f/ arG;zGm;jcif;&Sv d Ykd aoqH;k rIjzpf&w,f qdw k hJ rsujf riftaetxm;b0&JU tpeJt Y qH;k udk oH k ; oyf M unh f N yD ; ajymvk d u f w mjzpf y gw,f / ]]£ro®d o H wd £'Ha[mwd}} qdw k hJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f azmfjrLvmt& ]]þtaMumif;&SdvdkY- þtusdK; jzpfw,f}} qdw k hJ jzpfpOfoabmtwkid ;f ygyJ/ 'D a e&mrS m wpf c k q if j cif & rS m u arG;zGm;jcif;aMumifh ao&w,fqw kd m >cif;csuf r&SdrSefayr,hf ao&ifarG;&r,fqdkwmusawmh >cif;csu0f ifvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ arG;wm (Zmwd) r&Scd &hJ if aow,fqw kd mvnf; b,fawmhrrS &Sd Edik b f ;l / Nothing is ever born and nothing ever dies qdw k hJ pum;vdk ZmwdNrKH w,f (r&Sad wmh) vdaYk jym&r,hf tajctaea&mufomG ;wJh yk*Kd¾ vf awGtwGuf trwvdkYajym&r,fxifygw,f/ aemufxyfaojcif;qdw k m ay:rvmEdik af wmhyg bl;/ rsKd ;aphowård &Sad wmh&if tyifraygufawmh wJh obm0rsKd ;jzpfr,fxifw,f/ ZmwdNrKH w,fqkd wm rsdK;aphrjzpfEdkifatmif owådzsufvkdufwJh
oabmrdYk xifomjrifom&Sw d o hJ m"uav;eJY &Si;f Munhfcsifygw,f/ v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;udk tajccHwJh EdkifiHrSm xrif;pm;BuD;vmwJh rdrdwdkYvlrsdK;tzdkY pyg;yiftaMumif;eJq Y &kd if odyrf pdr;f Edik af vmufay bl;/ pmzwfol toifonf v,form;BuD; wpfOD;&JUykwfxJrSm pyg;aphav;awGxnhfxm; wmawGUzl;ygvdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dpyg;aphav;awG ]taovm;} ]t&S i f v m;} qd k w J h ar;cG e f ; eJ Y wJ h w J h w d k ; vm&if tajzwpf c k a wmh pOf ; pm; rd M ur,f x if y gw,f / b,f v d k y J a jzajz ykwfxJrSm&SdaecsdeftwGif; 'Dpyg; aphav;awG bmtvk y f r S r vk y f w mawmh a ocsmaew,f / 'gayr,hf ajr? a&? av? aeqdw k hJ oihaf vsmw f hJ taMumif;awG&vmNyDqdk&ifawmh tvkyfvkyf vmawmhrSmjzpfygw,f/ v,form;Bu;D jzpfwo hJ ifu oihaf wmf wJhtcsdef oref;nufaewJhysdK;cif;xJudk BuJyuf vk d u f N yD ; csd e f r S m pyg;aph a v;awG t wG i f ; u wnfNidrfaewJh uHowådpGrf;tifawGvIyf&Sm;vm MurSmjzpfygw,f/ a&udpk yk , f rl ,f? ajrMoZmudk pm;r,f? av½Ir,f? tjrLawaZmvdaYk c:&r,hf aea&mifjcnfukd cH,El ikd pf rG ;f &Sv d mwJt h cg tqihf tqihf obm0owådawG ajymif;vJvkyfudkif aeMuawmhrSmjzpfygw,f/ yHkwpfckrS tjcm;yHk wpfco k Ykd ul;ajymif;r,hf ZD0vIy&f mS ;rIawGvnf; wdk;wufajymif;vJtm;aumif;jzpfxGef;vmNyD; aemufqHk;rSm pyg;yifqdkwmav; (wenf;) aumufyifav;awGtjzpfeJY ay:xGufvmcJhMu wmjrifEikd yf gvdrrfh ,f/ pyg;yif q d k w J H ocF g &ypö n f ; av; ay:vmNyq D &kd if rl&if;jzpfwphJ yg;aphqw kd hJ yHak v; aysmufu, G o f mG ;ygNy/D pyg;apheYJ pyg;yiftwlwl vm;qd k & if rwl w mawmh a ocsmygw,f / taMumif;&if;jzpfwhJ pyg;apheYJ uif;vdrYk &ygbl;/ (tNct H &HtaMumif;awGvnf; ruif;ygbl;) ]]e p aom e p tanm}} qdw k hJ ygVdepYJ Of;pm;Munhf r,fq&kd ifawmh aom= xdpk yg;yifav;onf? ep= pyg;aph v nf ; r[k w f ? tanmp= pyg;aph r S wjcm; oD;oefYjzpfvmjcif;vnf;? e= r[kwf? pyg;yifav;jzpfvmzdYk pyg;aphav; (0,) ysuf ay;vku d &f w,f/ pyg;aphav;ysuaf y;vdu k v f Ykd pyg;yifav; (OyÜg') jzpfay:vmcJw h ,fqakd wmh oa[wk"r®vdkYqdkwJh aMumif;usdK;qufoG,frI oabm w&m;t& ocFg&avmuBu;D ajymif;vJ vIyf&Sm; oGm;vmaeMuwmudk Oyrmxm;NyD; rd r d u d k , f u d k pyg;rsd K ;aph a v;ae&muae qifjcifMunhfMuap csifw,f/ tyifursdK;? rsKd ;utyif oHo&mvnf ae&mrSm rsKd ;aphjzpfvYkd
tyifayguf? toD;oD;? rsKd ;aphjyefjzpfae&wmudk owdxm;rdvmygw,f/ acgif;pOfay;xm;wmu ]]aojcif; w&m;udk pl;prf;MunhMf upd}Yk } qdx k m;awmh pma&; oltaeeJY aojcif;eJYaejcif;udk e,fpnf;rjcm; xm;wJholjzpfaeawmh &SifoefaewJhtcsdefudkbJ xnhfwGufxm;ygw,f/ aejcif;eJYaojcif;u wqufwnf;vdkY,lq&ifvnf; rSm;Edkifw,fvdkY rxifapcsiyf gbl;/ cPdu r&PawG jzpfysuf oabmeJY qufaew,f/ jrpfa&vsOv f kd oEÅwd qufaewJh aejcif;tcsdefawGudkbJ wefzdk;xm;& ygr,f/ b0qH;k oGm;wJah ojcif;uawmh xifom jrifom taovdaYk jymvd&Yk ygw,f/ t&G,o f m tcsdefudkrSDNyD; tcsdefeJYwajy;nDudk aoaew,f qdw k hJ ]]tcsed w f idk ;f ao}} oabmeJaY jym&ifawmh reuf u t&G , f o nf reuf u aocJ h a ecJ h N yD ? aeYvnfrmS r&Sad wmhb;l / aeYvnfut&G,o f nf naerSmr&Sad wmh/ nut&G,o f nfvnf; reuf rSmr&Sad wmh/ tqufrjywf OyÜg'0,oabmeJY w&pyfukd ajymif;vGu J ek q f ;kH jzpfysuaf eygw,f/ a&S U uysuf p D ; vk d u f aemuf u ½k y f o pf a wG u tpm;xdk;vdkuf a&SUuysufpD;vkduf aemufu tpm;xd;k vdu k ef YJ 'Dtwkid ;f oGm;aewmrdYk jrwfA'k ¨ u ]]umavm Cowd owåmeH= tcsdefu owå0gawGukd 0g;rsKd Ny;D vku d af ew,f}} vdYk qH;k rcJh wmayhg/ 'gaMumihfrdkY umvqdkwJhtcsdefawG ukefrI? 0,qdkwJht&G,fawGukefrI? AvqdkwJh ud, k t f m; ÓPftm;awGuek rf I 'Dtukeaf wG[m vlwikd ;f eJq Y idk af eMuwm"r®wmyJ/ vl&,fvjYdk zpfNy;D tcsed x f rJ mS aeae&if rvku d ef mcsiv f rYkd &wJh ed,m roabmyJ/ vGeq f efvrYkd &Edik rf t hJ wlwl obm0 udk obm0twkid ;f vufcx H m;Ny;D cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm ae½HkeJY b,favmufukefoGm;w,fqdkwmxuf b,fvkd ukeo f mG ;w,fqw kd mu ydNk y;D ta&;Bu;D wmyg/ uk e f o G m ;wJ h t uk e f u aumif ; aom uk e f j cif ; vm;? raumif ; aomuk e f j cif ; vm;? udk,hf&JUtcsdefawG? t&G,fawG? cGeftm;awG rSwÓ f PfawG ukeo f mG ; wJt h cg avmutusKd ; jzpf&UJ vm;? jrwfA'k u ¨ cs;D rGr;f awmfrw l hJ tawG;? tBuH ? tvk y f ? tajym jzpf & J U vm;qd k w mu ta&;Bu;D w,fr[kwyf g vm;/ vufiif;eJt Y a<u;rSm vufiif;wefz;kd u toH;k usrmS jzpfwt hJ wGuf taumif;qH;k ae enf ; u aemuf w pf r d e pf r S m taumif ; qH k ; touf&SifaeEdik af tmif BuKd ;pm;r,f/ 'Dred pf&UJ um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuHawGu aemufred pfwidk ;f &JU taxmuftyHah wGqufjzpfomG ;rSm oa[wk "r®twkdif; oabmw&m;qufaewmrdkY tJ'D pmrsufESm 32 odkY
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/
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b0&wemudktvSqifEdkifa&; BudK;pm;ay; oufydkifNidrf; (½ku©aA') ]]rr&,f uRef a wmf w d k Y v l Y b 0rS m aexd k i f M u&mrS m wu,f a wmh v l Y b 0qd k w m t"dyÜm,f &Sd&Sd aexdkifoGm;MuzdkYvdkygw,f/ ud, k rfh o d m;pkb0 at;at;csr;f csr;f eJY odum© &S&d dS aexdik o f mG ;Ekid &f if uReaf wmfawmhauseyfygNy}D } [k ajymvmol uRef r \armif a wmf o l a'gufwmoef;armif? ,aeYtcsed rf mS olb Y 0rSm ]ygarmu©csKy}f qdo k nhf twdik ;f twm owfrw S f csufwpfck\xdyfqHk;odkY a&muf&SdaeNyD;jzpfyg onf/ xdo k aYkd omyk*Kd¾ vu f rdom;pkb0av;udk at;csr;f pGmjzihf ]]t"dygÜ ,f&dS pGm}} wnfaqmuf aexd k i f o G m ;csif y gonf [ k ½d k ; om;pG m &if z G i h f pum;xkwfazmfajymcJhygonf/ uRerf rSm ESpv f wpfBurd cf efY rEÅav; rS m &S d a om armif j zpf o l x H o G m ;í aq;ppf (Medical Cheek- up) &ygonf/ armifawmfol q&m0efa'gufwmoef;armifu ñTeMf um;onhf twkid ;f vku d ef mum aq;ukorIc, H cl yhJ gonf/ olwZYkd eD;armifErHS o d m;pk\aus;Zl;aMumihf uRerf rSm ,aeYxufwikd f toufrao use;f rmpGm jzihf &Sdae&jcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]rr&JU ]pdw}f uta&;Bu;D qH;k yJ}}? rr udk,fwdkif pdwfcsrf;omatmif aysmf&Tifatmif aexkid o f mG ;&if rr&JUcHpm;ae&wJah &m*gwpf0uf aysmufrmS yJ}} [líwenf;]]rrrSm tifrwefvdr®mwJh? awmfwJh om;ESpaf ,mufawmif&w dS myJ? om;awGtwGuf awG;NyD; igusef;rm&r,fqdkwJh ,HkMunfcsufeJY tm;wif;xm;yg}} [líwpfz?kH ]]rrrSm tm;vH;k jynhpf akH ewmyJ? csKd U,Gi;f csufav;wpfcktwGufeJY rr&JUtm;eJYrmefudk avsmch srypfvu dk yf geJ}Y } [líwoG,-f ]]ihgtpfrBu;D vdk trsKd ;orD;Bu;D uawmh &Sm;yhgAsm? awmfvnf;awmfygh ? b0qdw k m 'gygyJ rr&,f}}- [laom pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;tm;ay; pum;rsm;ajymMum;wwfol armifi,fq&m0ef BuD;/ t½IH;xJutjrwfxkwf&ef BudK;pm;aeol uRefrtwGuf olYpum;rsm;rSm vGefpGmwefzdk;&Sd vSygawmhonf/ uRerf \ud, k cf E¨muse;f rma&; omru ]]pdw'f Pf&muse;f rma&;}} udyk g tav; xm; ukoay;ol armifi,fa'gufwmoef;armif \aus;Zl;udk uRerf wpfoufrarhyg/ ,cktacguf rSmvnf; armifq&m0efxH aq;ppfomG ;cJyh gonf/ uRefr\cifyGef;jzpfolu-
]]igawmhumG aiGvnf;r&Smcsiaf wmhyg bl;/ vlawGukd tawmfpw d yf suaf erdw,f}} [k a,mufzudkajymygonf/ ]]uReaf wmfuawmh b0udt k "dymÜ ,f&dS &Sad v;eJY ud, k rhf o d m;pkav;eJyY J at;at;csr;f csr;f aeoGm;csifygw,f}} [laom 'óepum;jzihf uRerf udk qH;k rpum;yrmxm;í vrf;jyñTeMf um; ay;vku d jf yefygNy/D ]]b0udk t"dyÜm,f&Sd&Sdaexdkifa&;}} þpum;pkukd uRerf rvdiI t f rd t f jyef vrf;wpfavQmufv;kH tdru f jkd yefa&mufonftxd em;0rSm Mum;a,mifaerdygonf/ pOf;pm;av av t"dymÜ ,fus,0f ef;euf½idI ;f avjzpfaMumif; owdjyKryd gonf/ trSepf ifppf uRerf wdt Yk aeESi-fh ]]rEk ó wå b ma0g 'k v ’ a bm}} vlb Y 0onf &cJv\ S [lí uRerf wd\ Yk jrwfA'k u ¨ a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ xko d Ykd &cJ vSpmG aom ]]vlb Y 0&wem}} udk uRerf wdt Yk aeESifh wefz;kd &Spd mG aexdik w f wf&ef vdt k yfvyS gonf/ rdrd ESifhxdkufwefaomwefzdk;udk t&,lEdkifMurSom vQif tyg,fav;yg;rSuif;a0;NyD; vlYavmu vlb Y t kH v,f wihw f ,fpmG usuo f a&r*Fvm&Sd pGm *kPo f u d m© tjynhEf iS fh aexkid Ef ikd Mf urnfjzpf ayonf/ uRefrwdkY\ jrwfAk'¨u ]o'¨r®o0eH twd'v k b ’ }H } olawmfaumif;wd\ Yk w&m;rSeu f kd emMum;&ef? zwf½&I ef? avhvmMu&ef ydrk &kd cJ\ [k a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ olawmfaumif; rsm; usihfBuHMu&onhf aumif;aomukodkvf? okp½du k rf sm;udk Mum;½Hek m½Hk zwf½rkH Qjzihf vlb Y 0rSm aexkid jf cif;onf t"dymÜ ,fr&Syd g/ aumif;aom tusihf? aumif;aomtrI? aumif;aomtae txdik "f avhp½du k rf sm;udk trSew f u,foed m;vnf Ny;D vlb Y 0udk ]]olt Y ydik ;f ESio fh t Yl &G,}f } rSeu f efpmG ydik ;f jcm;a0zefNy;D vdu k ef musio fh ;kH aexdik o f mG ;Mu rSomvQif vlb Y 0\tESpo f m&udk &&Scd pH m;Edik Mf u rSmjzpfygonf/ rdrw d &Ykd &Scd ahJ om &cJvaS om ]]vlb Y 0 &wem}} udk jrwfA'k r¨ ed MYf um;cJo h nhw f &m;"r®rsm; udk &if0,foHrdIpGJouJhodkY rSwf,lvkdufemum rSeu f efaomtusipfh ½du k rf sm; rSeu f efaomt,l tqrsm;jzihf ]]ae&mrSev f rl eS }f } rSeu f efpmG toH;k cs wwfro S mvQif xdo k w l pfO;D \b0rSm b0\ pv,f- qH;k t&G,o f ;kH yg;vH;k wGif vl½akd o&Si½f akd o
jzihf avmutv,frSm wihfw,f odu©m&SdpGm avQmufvrS ;f aexkid o f mG ;Edik rf nfjzpfygonf/ tu,fíom rdr\ d b0udk ]]jzpforQ taMumif;yJ}}? ]]uHaMumifyh }J } [lí uHuo kd m½d;k r,f zGJU rdrdtjypfudkrjrif olwpfyg;tjypfudkom jrifwwfolrsm;]]aemufawmh olzY momol jzpfomG ;yg vdrrfh ,f}} [lí ayhgayghwefwefawG;ac:wwfNy;D ]tcsed }f udk tcsn;f ES;D ukeq f ;kH apoltwGuf rsupf d uef;? em;uef;? yg;pyfa[mif;avmif;jzpfaeonhf vlAY mv vlru dk o f mvQif jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ vlb Y 0udk wefz;kd rxm;? w&m;"r®EiS hf tnD rusiBfh uw H wfo?l ud, k u f siw fh &m;ysupf ;D ol? ud, k cf si;f pmw&m;r&So d ?l [D&Md owåyw Ü &m;wnf; [laom raumif;rItukov kd jf yKvyk &f ef t&Suf w&m;? taMumufw&m;r&So d rl sm;taeESifh ]]uH}} udk yHck sum BuKH ovdk oHo&ma&pD;aMumif;twkid ;f arsmí vkdufygaexkdifMuonhf ]]b0zsufol}} ]]vlrq k ;kd }} b0udk aysmaf rGUaeMuonho f rl sm;om jzpfayvdrhfrnf/ ]]þqif a oonf ih g b0twG u f aowpfyef oufwpfq;kH vHNk cKH pmG em;cd&k efae&m? ihgwpfoufpmtwGuf pm;eyf&u d m© ay;Edik rf nf}} qifaoarsm&modkY tvdkufoihfarsmygvsuf tawG;rSm;pGmtodÓPfrrhJ u kd rf v J o S nhf ]]us;D rdu k f yrm}} vrf;rSm;udk vrf;rSex f ifrw S u f m oHo&m a&,mOfaMumarsmaeonho f t l wGuf tvGeyf if
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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/
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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
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onf ausmif;cef;twGi;f rSxu G í f wHcg;0ü &yf aeavonf/ ]][m- [kwNf y?D &[ef;wdYk ajympum; trSeyf gvm;}} &Sifaum@"meç aemufawmfyg;ü rdef;rysdKav;wpfa,mufudk rif;BuD;udk,fwkdif jrifawGUvku d &f aomaMumih-f &[ef;wdw Yk ifjycsuf rSefuefaMumif; ,HkMunfoGm;avonf/ t&Sif aum@"meonf rif;Bu;D udjk rifawGUvku d &f aom aMumifh ausmif;xJodkYjyef0ifoGm;NyD; oihf&m wpfae&mü xdik af evdu k o f nf/ ]]t&Sib f &k m;- t&Sib f &k m; wHcg;0rSm &yfaewke;f u t&Sib f &k m;&JUaemufyg;rSm&Sad ewJh rde;f uav; b,fa&mufomG ;ovJb&k m;}} apmapmuyif &[ef;ESirfh ed ;f uav;udk ,SOfwGJvsufjrifawGUvdkufNyD;jzpfaomaMumihf &Siaf um@"etay:? MunfnKd pw d rf sm;avsmyh g; oGm;onft h wGuf &Scd ;kd OD;wifjcif;yifrjyKawmhbJ avoHrmrmjzihf ar;jref;vku d af vonf/ ]]'umawmfrif;BuD;- rif;BuD;ajymwJh rde;f uav;qdw k m bmudq k v kd w kd mvJ? usKyaf wmh rjrifryd gbl;/ ausmif;cef;xJrmS b,fred ;f uav; wpfa,mufrQr&Syd gbl; rif;Bu;D }} &Sifaum@"meurl wnfNidrfaom trlt,mjzihf rif;Bu;D udk jyefvnfajymMum;vku d f onf/ xdt k cgrif;Bu;D onf &Siaf um@"metm; ausmif;tjyifox Ykd u G af ponf/ rax&f\aemuf yg;ü rde;f rysKd av;udk awGUjrif&jyefonf/ xdak emuf rax&ftm; ausmif;twGi;f jyef0ifapNy;D rif;Bu;D ud, k w f idk rf ax&faemufrS xufMuyfruGmvku d yf g oGm;onf/ ausmif;xJoaYkd &mufaomtcg rde;f r ysKd av;udk rawGU&awmhacs/ ]][m- xl;qef;ygvm;? apmapmu jrifawGU&wJrh ed ;f rysKd av;[m vlom;pifppf rjzpf Edik b f ;l }} aumovrif;BuD;onf &Sifaum@ "mexH y g;ü rd e f ; rysd K av;trS e f w u,f r&So d nfukd ,HMk unfvufco H mG ;avawmhonf/ rif;BuD;udk,fwkdifu &Sifaum@"me tay: oHo,uif;&Sif;oGm;NyD; eef;awmfodkY aeYpOf qGr;f cH<ua&mufyg&ef avQmufxm;vku d f avonf/ rif;Bu;D \qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd &[ef;wdu Yk
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ auseyf r I r &S d M uaomaMumih f bk & m;&S i f t m; tjzpfpu kH akd vQmufxm;avonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m; &Siu f &[ef;trsm;a&SUrSmyif &Siaf um@"meudk ac:,lNy;D ppfaq;ar;jref;awmfro l nf/ xdaYk emuf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f &Siaf um@"meaemufyg;ü rd e f ; rysd K av;wpf a ,muf v d k u f y gaejcif ; rS m a&S;b0u raumif;rIuHaMumifhjzpfaMumif; twdwfaqmifa[mMum;awmfral vonf/ uóyjrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv f ufxufu &[ef;ESpyf g;onf nD&if;tpfuw kd rQcspcf ifMuNy;D tNrw J ap wyl;wGw J JG pdww f u l , kd w f &l cdS MhJ uonf/ wm0wd HomewfjynfrS ewfom;wpfyg;onf xd&k [ef;ESpyf g; cspcf ifnñ D w G rf u I kd prf;oyfonhf oabmjzihf cspcf ifnñ D w G af om&[ef;ESpyf g;udk tcsi;f csi;f pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;atmif oHo,pdwjf zpf atmif jyKrcl o hJ nf/ &[ef;ESpyf g; c&D;wpfcu k t kd wl<uoGm; pOf c&D;wpfae&mta&mufü tazmf&[ef;u ud, k v f ufow k o f if&ef rsuu f , G &f adS omcsKH twGi;f odYk 0ifomG ;onf/ xd&k [ef;jyefxu G v f maomtcg ewfom;onf rde;f rysKd av;wpfa,mufuzkd efqif; í &[ef;aemufrv S u dk yf gapcJo h nf/ use&f [ef; u jrifawGUoGm;Ny;D tazmf&[ef;tm; &[ef;oDv ysupf ;D oGm;Ny[ D k pGypf aJG jymqdo k nf/ tazmf&[ef; u trsKd ;rsKd ;acsyajymqdak omfvnf; r,HMk unf awmhacs/ xd&k [ef;u tazmf&[ef;udx k m;&pf cJNh y;D wpfyg;wnf;<uoGm;avonf/ &[ef ; ES p f y g;cspf c if r I y suf j y,f N yD ; pdwf0rf;uGJatmifjyKvkyfrdaomewfom;onf pkawNy;D aemuf i&Jou Ykd somG ;&avonf/ i&JrS vGwfajrmufNyD; vlYjynfodkYa&muf&Sdum ]]t&Sif aum@"me}} jzpfvm&ayonf/ twdwfu jypfrSm;rdaomraumif;rIuu H ,ckb0wkid af tmif t&dyyf rmvku d yf gtusKd ;ay;aMumif; jrwfpmG bk&m; u a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ xdaYk emuf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f &Siaf um@"metm; tem;pkwjf ywf uGJtufíypfxm;aomaMu;cGufESihfOyrmjyKí w&m;a[mMum;avonf/ &Siaf um@"meonf bk&m;&Si\ f qH;k rMo0g'ESit hf nD w&m;usiBfh uH tm;xkwf&m rMumrDrSmyif &[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;avawmh\/ ]]0#frmS tNrJ i&JrmS ty}} qdo k nfEiS fh tnD twdwfb0u jyKrdaomraumif;rIuH tusdK;ay;udk cHpm;&NrJjzpfaMumif; om"u wpfckjzpfayawmhonf/ (2) ed y gwf a wmf v mZmwf a wmf i g;&mh ig;q,f ]]oE¨ad b'}} Zmwfü Mum;pum;,Hrk í d
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35
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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS
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"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/
tvuF m ynm&S d E S p f O D ; (49) a':av;aiG p E´ m 'D w pf c g tvuF m ynm&S d E S p f O D ; aqG;aEG;r,hf pdw0f ifpm;p&mtaMumif;t&mu awmh a':av;wd&Yk UJ omoemeJq Y idk w f hJ jyóem ar;cGe;f av;yJjzpfygowJu h , G /f ar;cGe;f eJY tajz awG ar;MuajzMuNyD;awmh acwåem;vkdufyg w,f / em;NyD ; aemuf xk H ; pH t wk d i f ; rdvdE´rif;BuD;u &Sifem*aoeukd ½kdaopGm &S d c k d ; ygw,f / NyD ; awmh r S ]]t&S i f b k & m; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &SiftmeE´mtm;1/ ]tmeE´mç ,cktcg omoemonf tESpif g;&mywfv;Hk om wnfvwåUH } [l þpum; awmfuv kd nf; a[mawmfrcl yhJ g\/ wpfzefvnf; y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlcgeD; wG i f ok b 'f y &d A d k Z f o nf jyóemwpf c k u k d ar;avQmuftyfonfjzpfí2/]okb'fy&dAkdZf? þ&[ef;taygif; wd k Y o nf aumif ; pG m aexk d i f uk e f j im;tH h / þodkYaexkdifcJhMurl avmuonf &[EÅmwdkYrS rqdwo f Ok ;f onfjzpf&m\} [k jrwfpmG bk&m;u ajzMum;awmf r l c J h j yef y g\/ þpum;onf t<uif;rJah om pum;awmfygwnf;/ þpum; onf t<uif;r&Sdaom pum;awmfygwnf;/ þpum;onf y&d,m,fr[kw?f rlcsajymaom pum;rsm;ygwnf;/ t&Sib f &k m; em*aoeç jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfrcl ahJ om þpum;ESp&f yfonf tpGe;f ESpb f uf xGuEf idk \ f / ½Iyaf xG;onfxuf ½Iyaf xG; Ekid yf g\/ xkjd yóemonf t&Sib f &k m;odYk tpOf a&mufvmyg\/ xkjd yóemü ork'&´ mtwGi;f odkY a&mufaom rax&fuhJodkY t&Sifbk&m;\ ÓPfawmfprG ;f jzihf ysUH ESjYH cif;ukd jyawmfryl gavmh}} vdYk ar;avQmufvu dk yf gawmhowJu h , G /f xkdtcg &Sifem*aoeu ]]rif;jrwfç jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mawmfrcl ahJ om xkpd um;awmf ESp&f yfonfum; teuft"dygÜ ,fvnf; xl;\/ o'´gvnf;xl;\/ þomoemig;&m[laom a&S ; pum;awmf o nf omoemawmf E S p f u k d ykid ;f jcm;íjyaom pum;awmfwnf;/ þ&[EÅm awmfwrYkd S rqdwrf uG,[ f al om aemufpum; awmf o nf y#d y wf p G r f ; tif u d k azmf j yaom pum; awmf w nf ; / xk d Y a Mumih f xk d p um;awmf E S p f & yf wk d Y o nf tcsif ; csif ; a0;uGmuif;jywf jcm;em; vS\/ rif;jrwfç aumif;uifonf ajrBu;D rS a0;uG m uif ; jywf j cm;em;ouJ h o d k Y ? i&J o nf
ewfjynfrS a0;uGmuif;jywfjcm;em;ouJhodkY? ukodkvfonf tukokdvfESihf a0;uGmuif;jywf jcm;em;ouJo h ?Ykd csr;f omonf qif;&JrS a0;uGm uif;jywfjcm;em;ouJhodkY rif;jrwf þtwlom vQif xkpd um;ESp&f yfwo Ydk nf tcsi;f csi;f a0;uGm uif;jywf jcm;em;uke\ f / rif;jrwfç odaYk omfvnf; oifrif;jrwf \ tar;yk p ä m onf tcsnf ; ES D ; rjzpf a pvih f ? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &SiftmeE´mtm;- ]tmeE´m? ,cktcg omoemonf tESpfig;&mwkdYywfvkH; om wnfvwåU}H [k tMuifpum;udk a[mawmf rlcJh\/ xkdpum;onf ukefqkH;avQmhyg;onfudk azmfjyawmfrv l suf <uif;aom omoemawmfudk azmfjyjcif;jzpf\/ wpfzef ]tmeE´m? bdu©KeDr wdo Yk nf tu,fí omoemawmfü &[ef;rjyK ukeftHh? omoemawmfonf tESpfwpfaxmif ywfv;Hk wnfEikd &f m\/ rif;jrwfç jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkY a[mawmfrlcJhaomf omoemawmfuG,frnfukd BuKdodírlvnf; a[mawmfrloavm? opöm av;yg;odjcif;ukrd v l nf; wm;jrpfawmfro l avm}} vkYd tar;pum;eJY tqk;H owfvu dk yf gw,f/ rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D u ]]t&Sib f &k m; þuJo h Ydk r[kwfyg}} vkdY ajzMum;vkdufygw,f/ &Sifem* aoeu xyfNyD;awmh- ]]rif;jrwf aysmufysuf onfudk ajymMum;um t<uif;ukd azmfjyvsuf ykid ;f jcm;awmfr\ l / rif;jrwf Oyrmtm;jzihf Opöm aysmuf y suf a om a,musf m ;onf t<uif ; d í l ig\þrQaomOpömonf tuset f m;vk;H uk, aysmufysuf\/ þOpömtm; t<uif;tusef wnf;[k vltrsm;tm; jy&m\/ rif;jrwf þ twlomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aysmufysuf onfukd jyawmfrlvsuf t<uif;ukd a[mMum; awmfrljcif;jzpfonf/ rif;jrwfç þt&mü a&opfwkdYjzihf jynhf vQH aom wpf b ufq nf u efo nf &S d \ / xk d w pf b uf q nf u ef ü a&ruk e f r cef ; rD o m a&\txufü rkd;BuD;onf txyfxyf tpOf rjywf &GmoGe;f &m\/ rif ; jrwf ç xk d w pf b uf q nf u ef ü a&onf ukefcrf;jcif;? avsmhyg;jcif;odkY a&muf &moavm}} vdYk Mum;jzwfNy;D ar;awmfrw l t hJ cg rSm- ]]t&Sib f &k m; a&ukecf rf;jcif;? avsmyh g;jcif; odkY ra&muf&myg}} vdkY ajzvkdufygowJhuG,f/ ]]rif;jrwf tb,ftaMumif;aMumihfenf;}} vkdY
xyfNy;D ar;cGe;f xkww f t hJ wGuf rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D u oGuv f ufpmG eJY ]]t&Sib f &k m; rk;d pOfrjywfonf tjzpfaMumihyf gwnf;}} vkYd ajzvku d yf gowJu h , G /f tJ't D ajz&JUtqk;H t&Sief m*aoeu ]]rif;jrwf þtwlomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfjrwfwnf;[laom ol a wmf a umif ; w&m;uef a wmf B uD ; onf tusih f o D v *k P f \ tusih f [ l a om tnpftaMu;rwif jzLpifaom a&opfwjYdk zihf jynf h v QH v suf omoemuef a wmf BuD ; ü bk&m;om;awmfwdkYonf tusihfoDv*kPf \ tusihfwnf;[laom rkd;a&ukd tpOfrjywf txyfxyf&mG apukejf im;tH?h þodYk &GmoGe;f rlum; þbk&m;&Si\ f omoemawmfjrwfwnf;[laom olawmfaumif;w&m;uefawmfBu;D onf &Snjf rihf pGmaom umvywfv;Hk wnf&m\/ avmuonf &[EÅmwdkYrS rqdwfruG,fonfjzpf&m\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þtaMumif;ukd &nf&G,fawmfrlí ]okb'fy&dAkdZf? þ&[ef;wdkY onf aumif;pGmaeukefjim;tHh? avmuonf &[EÅmwdkYrS rqdwfruG,fonfjzpf&m\} [k a[mawmfrt l yf\/ rif;jrwfç xdt Yk jyif þt&m ü BuD;rm;aom rD;ykHBuD;onf ta&mifajymif ajymifawmufawmifonf&Sdaomf jrufajcmuf? xif;ajcmuf? EGm;acs;ajcmufwdkYukd txyfxyf aqmif &ukejf im;tH?h rif;jrwf xkrd ;D ykBH u;D onf Nid r f ; &moavm}} vk d Y ar;awmf r l w J h t cgrS m rdvdE´rif;BuD;u ]]t&Sifbk&m; rNidrf;&myg/
DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS
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"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/
xkrd ;D ykBH u;D onf tvGet f rif; awmufy&myg\/ tvGeftrif; xGef;vif;&myg\}} vdkY ajzMum; vku d yf gowJh uG,/f &S i f e m*aoeu xyf r H N yD ; awmh ]]rif;jrwfç þtwlomvQif wpfaomif;aom avmu"gwfü bk&m;&Sio f moemawmfjrwfonf vnf; tusio fh v D jzihf awmufy\? xGe;f vif; \/ rif;jrwfç xkx Yd uftvGef bk&m;om;awmfwYkd onf ig;yg;aom ur®|mef;wdu Yk dk tm;xkwEf idk f aMumif;? t*FgwdEYk iS hf jynhpf u Hk ek v f suf tNrrJ jywf rarhravsmu h ek b f J tu,fí tm;xkwu f ek jf im; tH/h t"dov D paom odum© ok;H yg;wküYd vdv k m; aom tmomqE´&u dS ek o f nfjzpfí usiu fh ek jf im; tHh? pm&dwåoDvudkvnf;aumif;? 0g&dwåoDv ukv d nf;aumif;? tjynht f pkjH zihf usiu fh ek jf im;tH/h þodu Yk siu fh ek o f nf&adS omf þbk&m;&Sio f moem awmfjrwfonf &[EÅmwdrYk S rqdwrf uG,o f nf jzpf&m\ [k okb'fy&dAkdZftm; jrwfpGmbk&m; onf a[mawmfrt l yf\/ rif;jrwfç xkt Yd jyif þt&mü aumif; pGmyGwfwdkufaomaMumihf ta&mifxdefvif; tnpftaMu;uif;aomrSejf yifudk odraf rGUEl;nHh aom a&TerD eI jYf zihf txyfxyfyw G w f u dk u f ek jf im; tH/h rif;jrwf xkrd eS jf yif\ tnpftaMu;? ñTejYf rL tnpfonfjzpf&moavm}} vdkY Mum;jzwfNyD; rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D ukd ar;awmh rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D uvnf; ]]t&Sib f &k m; rjzpf&myg/ pifppf tnpftaMu; rwif? pifMu,fonfxuf pifMu,fonfom jzpf&myg\}} vdkY csufcsif;yJajzygw,f/ &S i f e m*aoeu quf N yD ; awmh ]]rif;jrwfç þtwlomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmf o nf yuwd t npf t aMu; uif;pif\/ udavomtnpftaMu; jrLuif;
\/ xkdjrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmfjrwfukd bk&m;om;awmfwo Ykd nf tusio fh v D *kP?f 0wf tusiEfh iS fh udavomacgif;yg;aMumif; "kwif*P k f aus;Zl;jzihf tu,fí aumif;pGmrSwo f m; usifh aqmifukefjim;thH/ þjrwfpGmbk&m; omoem awmfjrwfonf &Snjf rihpf mG aom umvywfv;Hk wnf&m\/ avmuonfvnf; &[EÅmwdkYrS rqdwfruG,fonfjzpf&m\/ þodkYvQif þ taMumif;ukd &nf&G,fawmfrlí okb'fy&dAkdZf tm; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfrt l yf\/ rif;jrwfç jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfonf tusihf y#dywfvQif taMumif;&Sdaom omoemawmf onf wnf\}} vdYk &Snv f sm;wJt h ajzpum;ukd ajymMum;Ny;D acwåem;aevku d yf gowJu h , G /f xkaYd emuf rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D u t&Sief m* aoetm;- ]]t&Sib f &k m; em*aoeç omoem awmf uG,faysmufjcif;[lí tMuifpum;ukd qk\ d / xkpd um;onf tb,fygenf;}} vdYk xyfrH Ny;D ar;avQmufygowJu h , G /f rdvEd r´ if;Bu;D &JUar;cGe;f ukd oabmus vkdY &Sifem*aoeu NyKH;awmfrlNyD; ]]rif;jrwfç omoemawmfu, G af ysmufjcif;wdo Yk nf þok;H yg; wdw Yk nf;/ 1/ r*fzv dk &f rI ]"d*r} uG,jf cif;/ 2/ tusiyfh #dywfu, G jf cif;/ 3/ &[ef;toGif ]vd*}F uG,jf cif;wdYk wnf;/ rif;jrwf- r*fzkdvf&rI ]"d*r} uG,f aysmufonf&adS omf aumif;pGmusiafh omoltm; vnf; r*fzkdvfukd odrIrjzpf? tusihf ]y#dywf} uG,af ysmufonf&adS omf odum© yk'f ynwfawmf onf uG,af ysmuf\/ &[ef;toGit f jyifom vQif wnf \ / &[ef ; toG i f t jyif ]vd * F }
uG,af ysmufonf&adS omf omoemawmf tpOf tqufjywfawmuf\/ rif;jrwf þokH;yg;wkdY onf omoemuG,faysmufjcif;wdkYwnf;}} vdkY ajzvkdufawmh rdvdE´rif;BuD;u tJ'Dtajzukd *½kwpku d ef m;axmif&if; oabmusvNYkd yK;H aewm yJwJhuG,f/ NyD;awmh &Sifem*aoe&JUrsufESmudk av;pm;wJhpdwfeJY Munhf½I&if;]]t&Sib f &k m; em*aoe? jyóemukd aumif;pGmodtyfyg\/ eufeo J nfudk ay:vGif atmif jyKawmfrltyfygay\/ txkH;tzGJUukd zsufqD;awmfrlEkdifygay\/ *kdPf;q&mjrwfwdkY xuf jrwfaom t&Sib f &k m;odYk uyfa&mufuek f onf&adS omf wpfyg;aomt,lwo Ykd nf aysmuf ysufukefNyD/ raumif;aomt,lwdkYukd csKd;zsuf tyf u k e f N yD / t&S i f b k & m;onf wpf y g;aom t,lwYkd ta&mift0gr&So d nfudk jyawmfrt l yf yg\}} vdYk ajymMum;vku d yf gawmhowJu h , G /f &Sifem*aoe&JU qGrf;pm;csdefa&muf vmwJhtwGuf rdvdE´rif;BuD;eJY trwfawGu ukd,fwkdifqGrf;uyfzkdY jyifMuawmhowJhuG,f/ a':av;wdv Yk nf; tJ'rD mS yJ acwå&yfxm;Muygpd/Yk aemufxyf rdvdE´rif;BuD; ar;OD;r,hfjyóem ar;cGef;u bmjzpfOD;rvJqkdwmukd apmihfarQmf ygOD ; vk d Y a jym&if ; a':av;cspf w J h wl a v;? wlrav;wdkYwpfawGtm;vkH; omoemawmfBuD; ukd ruG,faysmufoGm;atmif twwfEkdifqkH; BuKd;pm;NyD; umuG,fapmihfa&SmufoGm;Ekdifr,fh omoemawmf&UJ tem*wf om;aumif;? orD; aumif;awG jzpfMuygapvdYk qkawmif;ay;vku d f yg&apuG,f/ tpOf c if r if B uKd ; pm;vsuf a':av;aiG p E´ m
urÇmwpf0ef; omoemvTrf;&ef vSL'gef; MupdkY (oAÁ ' geH "r® ' geH Zd e mwd ) Ek d i f i H a wmf y&d , wå d o moemh w uú o d k v f (&ef u k e f ) ]]ynmyg&rD u k o d k v f a wmf } } 1/ urÇmwpf0ef; omoemawmf a&mif0g vTr;f ap&eftwGuf Ekid if aH wmf y&d,wåo d moemh wuúov kd rf S MA bGUJ twGuf usrf;jyK pmwrf;rsm;wGif avmuvlom;wdYk tusKd;jyK ynma&;? usef;rma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? Ekid if aH &;? vlraI &;? ,Ofaus;rItaMumif;t&mrsm; pkv H ifpmG yg&Sd ygonf/ 2/ xkdpmwrf;rsm;ukd a&G;cs,fpDrHí wuúodkvf bmomjyefESihf pmtkyfxkwfa0a&; tzGJUrS pmtkyftjzpf jrefrm? t*Fvdyfjzihf ½kdufESdyf xkwfa0 omoemjyKrnfjzpfygonf/ 3/ xkdodkY ½dkufEdSyfxkwfa0Ekdifa&;twGuf pmtkyfxkwfa0a&; ynmyg&rD aiGyif? aiG&if; pkdufxl&ef vkdtyfygonf/ 4/ odjYk zpfygí urÇmwpf0eS ;f omoem vTr;f omoemjyKpmtkypf mayrsm; xkwaf 0 jzefcY sd omoemjyKEkid &f eftwGuf ynmyg&rD'ge vSL'gef;Ekid Mf uyg&ef EId;aqmftyfygonf/ quf o G , f v S L 'gef ; &ef X me 1/ XmerSL;q&mawmf - (wuúov kd b f momjyefEiS fh pmtkyx f w k af 0a&; Xme/ zke;f - 662997) 2/ armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf - (Ekid if aH wmf y&d,wåd omoemhwuúov kd f (&efuek )f ) zke;f - 665362 3/ ñTeMf um;a&;rSL; - (Ekid if aH wmf y&d,wåd omoemhwuúov kd f (&efuek )f ) zke;f - 661275
SEARCHING FOR A PURPOSE OF LIFE "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ from back cover cannot perceive it with the five senses, is as illogical as to say that light does not exist simply because the blind do not see it. Nibba-na is attainable in this present life. Buddhism does not state that its ultimate gole could be reached only in life beyond. When Nibba-na is realised in this life with the body remaining, it is called Sa- upa-disesa Nibba-na. When am Arahant attains Pari Nibba-na, after the dissolution of the body, without any remainder of physical existence, it is called Anupa-disesa Nibba-na. Anupa-disesa Nibba-na May all of us successfully walk along the Middle Way towards the most noble goal of absolute eternal bliss called Nibba-na. The End. Dhamma V1-raThandar Aung ITBM University, Yangon.
yg[kajymqdMk ujcif;uJo h Ykd tajzrrSef ,kwrdå wefvyS g/ wu,fawmh edAmÁ efukd vuf&&dS iS o f efaeqJb0üyif rsuaf rSmuf jyKEikd af yonf/ Ak'0¨ g'"r®a'oemonf ¤if;\tqH;k pGeaf omyef;wkid u f kd aemifwrvGeb f 0usrS qku d af &mufrnf[k rqdEk ikd af y/ edAmÁ efwnf;[laom tocFw"mwfukd þrsuaf rSmufaomb0üyif cE¨mud, k t f <uif;tusef &Sv d suf jrifo&d jcif;udk oOyg'daooedAmÁ ef [kac:onf/ t&[wår*f qdu k zf v kd 0f if &[EÅmt&Sijf rwfwpfyg; y&deAd mÁ efpí H cE¨mud, k yf suaf <u oGm;aomtcg ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m wnfjcif;r&Sad wmhyv J su?f qufvufcpH m; pHpm;&onhf edAÁmefcsrf;omudk tEkyg'daooedAmÁ ef [kac:qdkayonf/ uREykf w f t Ykd m;vH;k wdo Yk nf rZÑrd y#dy'gac: &Spyf g;r*¾it f v,fvrf; pOftwkdif; tjrihfjrwfqHk;aomyef;wkdifjzpfonhf oEÅdokc tocFwedAÁme "mwft<uif;rJt h NrKd ucf sr;f omqDoYkd atmifjrifpmG avQmufvrS ;f Edik Mf uygap aMumif; qkawmif;yw¬emjyKtyfygonf "r®0D&"r®rmu w&m;cspfcif olawmfpiftaygif;wk/Yd "r®0D&- oEÅmatmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf &efukefNrdKU/
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What Buddhists Believe (5)
Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwYkd bmud, k MkH unfMuygoenf; (5) By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt. Translated into Myanmar by.Dhamma V1ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.
"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o d k v f )
. Nibba-na and Samsara A well- known Mahayana Buddhist scholar Nagarjuna, . says that Samsa-ra and Nibba-na are one. This interpretation can easily be misunderstood by others. . However to state that the concepts of Sam sa-ra and are Nibbana the same is to say that there is no difference in voidness of component things and the unconditioned state of Nibba-na. . In accordance with the Pa-li Tipitaka, Sam sa-ra is described as the unbroken continuation of the five aggregates, four elements and twelve bases or sources of mental processes where as Nibba--na is described as the extinction of those relative physical and mental sources. However, it is admitted that those who gain Nibba-na . bliss, can experience during their existence in Samsa-ra. In any case, after death, the link with those elements will be eliminated, for the simple reason that Nibba-na is unconditioned, not relative or interdependent. If there is to be anything at all after Nibba-na, it would have not to be "Absolute Truth". You must learn to be detached from all worldly things. If there is any attachment to any one or to anything or if there is any aversion to anyone or anything, you will never attain Nibba-na, for Nibba-na is beyond all opposites of attachment and aversion, likes and dislikes. When that ultimate state is attained, you will fully understand this worldly life for which you now crave. This world will cease to be an object of your desire. You will realise the sorrow and impermanence and impersonality of all that lives and that does not live. By depending on teachers or holy books without using your own effort in the right manner, it is difficult to gain realisation of Nibba-na. Your dreams will vanish. No castles will be built in the air. The tempest will be ended. Life's struggles will be over. Nature's processes will have ceased. All your worries, physical and mental aliments and emotions will vanish after attaining this most blissful state of Nibba-na. To say that Nibba-na is nothingness simply because one
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