Dhamma Vira Journal, DV25-10 by Thomas Winn

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"r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

jA[®pdk&fw&m;ESihf a,medaomreodum&&SdrS rdrdESihfurÇmvlY&Gm csrf;omrnf ,aeY urÇmay:ü jzpfay:aeaom avmuobm0udk av;eufpmG pOf;pm;Munhyf gu rsm;pGmaom vlowå0gwdYk arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w d m[laom jA[®p&kd w f &m;rsm; aoGUajcmufu, G af ysmufaeouJo h Ykd jzpfaeonf/ xdo k w l \ Ykd ajcmufaoGU&mrSjzpfay:vmaom tyl"mwfonf olawmfaumif;wdo Yk yYkd if t&Sed [ f yfojzihf aoGUajcmufvrk wwf cHpm;aeMu&avNy/D ,if;tyl"mwf[o l nfrmS wpfO;D ESihf wpfO;D rn§mwmEdik af tmifjzpfaeaom avmb? a'go? rmeESifh £ó? rpä&, d [laom tukov dk f tnpftaMu;w&m;wdkY vTrf;rdk;avmifuRrf;cHae&jcif;jzpfygonf/ xdktyl"mwfonf ,ckb0wGifom ajcmufaoGUonfr[kwf? oHo&m wpfavQmuf aemufaemufb0odv Yk nf; vdu k yf g ajcmufuyfaprnfom/ xdaYk Mumihf tyl"mwfrsm;udk ,ckb0u wwfEidk o f rQ Nird ;f owfvsuf jrifjh rwfaompdwx f m;jzihf arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w d m[laom jA[®p&kd t f at;"mwfukd ryufjzef;Ekid af tmif BuKd ;pm;oihMf uygonf/ avmuoHo&mwGif vlom;wdo Yk ufwrf;wdrk ?I &Snrf I 'kAu Çd E© &Å uyf? ow¬E&Å uyf? a&m*EÅ&uyf[al om uyfBu;D oH;k yg;qdu k af &muf rIwo Ykd nf þjA[®p&kd w f &m; ajcmufaoGUrItay: rlwnfí jzpfay:vm&jcif;jzpfygonf/ þonfukd Ak'u ¨ t*¾nokw?f puú0wdå okww f üYkd twdtus a[mxm;ygonf/ ,if;udo k wdjyKo?l em;vnfow l u Ykd enf;yg;aeonf/ Yk jzpfr?I ysurf w I w Ykd iG f oHo&m[lonf owå0gwd\ Yk wnfae&m þurÇmavmuBu;D udyk if avmuoHo&mESifh vlpaom owå0gwd\ ac:qdyk gonf/ (oH=qufpyfvsu?f o&=jzpfjcif;[k t"dygÜ ,f&ygonf/) þavmuwGif pdw?f apwodu[ f al om emrfw&m;ESifh ½kyw f &m;wdYk aygif;pyfí qufum qufum jzpfysuaf eaom tpOftwef;udk yif vl? ewf? jA[®m[lívnf;aumif;? yk*Kd¾ vo f wå0g? ig? ol? a,musmf ;? rde;f r? (txD;? tr) [lívnf;aumif ac:qdak eMuygonf/ trSerf mS ½kyef mrfEpS yf g;udk z,f&mS ;vdu k v f Qif vl? ewf? jA[®m owå0g[lí oD;jcm;r&Sad wmhyg/ þ½kyef mrfawG qufumqufum jzpfae&jcif;rSmvnf; taMumif;rJh rdrw d \ Ykd tjyifbufrmS awGUBuKH ae&aom tqif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGUtxd[al om tm½Hrk sm;ESifh rdrw d o Ykd EÅmef0,f a&S;a&S;u jyKvyk cf MhJ uaom uHrsm;aMumihf jzpfay:&&Sd aom rsupf ?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf[laom rdrdwdkY\ twGif;oEÅmefwdkY awGUxdqufqHae&rIrsm;aMumihfom ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkY qufvufjzpfay: ae&jcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkESpfrsKd;aomtaMumif;wdkYwGif tjyifbufü awGUBuHK&aom tm½HktaMumif;rsm;onf twGif;pdwftrsKd;rsKd;jzpfatmif t&dyf ta&mifjy½Hrk Qom&Syd gonf/ rdr\ d twGi;f pdwo f nf t"dujzpfaeygonf/ rdr\ d twGi;f pdwf tNraJ umif;rGeaf eygu ,ckb0 aemufaemif b0jzpforQ ½ky?f emrfwYkd taumif;trGecf sn;f omjzpf&ygonf/ wpfb0ajymif;aomfvnf; pdwaf umif; ½kyaf umif;(vl? ewf? jA[®m? owå0g) aumif;rsm;csn;f jzpf&ygrnf/ rdrw d \ Ykd twGi;f pdwu f ,kwrf mqd;k 0g;aeygu a&S;a&S;u pdwaf umif;twGuf ,ckb0 aumif;vsu&f adS eygaomf vnf;? aemifaemifb0wdüYk pdwq f ;kd ? ½kyq f ;lkd (i&J? wd&pämef? Nyw d må )rsK;d rsm;üomjzpfae&wwfygonf/ a,medaomreodum&[laom oihfawmfaomESvHk;oGif;rI(taumif;jrif0g')&SdrSvnf; pdwfaumif;ESvHk;aumif; &SdEkdifygonf/ awGU&mBuKH &m £|m½H?k ted|m½Hw k üYkd oihw f ifah tmif ESv;kH oGi;f rIr&Sv d Qif tukov kd (f raumif;pdw)f rjzpfbJ ukov kd (f pdwaf umif;csn;f )omjzpf ygrnf/ a,medaomreodum& &Sjd cif;? r&Sjd cif;taMumif;wGif pmaumif;ayaumif; zwf½aI vhvmjcif;? ravhvmjcif;? ynm&Sx d H enf;cH jcif;? rcHjcif;[laomtaMumif;rsm;tay:ü rlwnfaeygonf/ pmaumif;ayaumif;zwfol ynm&Sx d H enf;cHow l rYkd mS tMum;? tjrif? A[kow k wdk;yGm;rI&&Sdojzihf ig\pdwfoEÅmefü tNrJpdwfaumif;jzpfap&rnf[k oEéd|mefxm;&SdwwfNyD; awGU&mBuHK&m tm½Hktaumif;tqdk;tay:ü oihw f ifph mG ESv;kH oGi;f wwfí ukov kd pf w d jf zpfae&onf/ pmrzwf? ynm&Sx d eH nf;rcHow l t Ykd zdrYk mS rl tMum;tjrif A[kow k enf;yg;í pdwx f m; rjyKjyif wwfaomaMumihf awGU&m? BuKH &m tm½Ht k aumif;tqd;k tay:ü oihw f ifph mG ESv;kH roGi;f wwfí tukov kd pf w d o f mrsm;aeMuygonf/ xdaYk Mumihf awGU&mBuKH &mudprö sm;ü a,medaomreodum&&SNd y;D t&m&mü jA[®p&kd w f &m;vufuikd x f m;um pdwo f abmxm;Bu;D ol taygif;toif;qefo Y jl zpfzv Ykd t kd yfygonf/ csr;f om&Tijf rL;&mxl;*kPo f &d f pnf;pdrw f ;kd wufaeonfjzpfap? wpfpw kH pfck ysupf ;D rIaMumihf qif;&J odYk a&mufaeonfjzpfap? pdwaf erajymif; pdwaf umif;rysu?f pdw"f mwfwnfMunfpmG aeEkid &f ef ,ckb0rS pí edAmÁ ef&onhb f 0wdik af tmif tqifhtwef; jrihfrm;pGmjzihf oHo&mwGifusifvnfEkdifatmif ,ckb0uwnf;u 'ge? oDv? bm0emrsm;BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdk "r®0D&u wdu k w f eG f; tyfygonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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(24) oEÅK|D p &wwf o rQeJ Y rQwa&mif h & J y g? avmbrBuD ; ygeJ Y /

(24) Santut.t.hi- ca Be contented with what you get. Don't be greedy

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a,mufonf xdkufxdkufwefwef rBudK;pm;bJ pmar;yGu J kd jzwfvrf;atmifjrifvo kd jzihf cd;k ajz vQif emrnfysujf cif;? ausmif;xkwcf &H jcif;? rdbç q&mç ausmif;*kPo f u d m© xdcu kd jf cif; paom qd;k usKd ;rsm; ESihf BuHKawGU&rnfjzpf\/ rdr&d &Sad om ypön;f av;yg;jzihf ra&mihf &JEikd af om &[ef;onf bke;f uHBu;D vdrk ?I ausmMf um; xif & S m ;vd k r I [ l a om avmbtm;BuD ; ojzif h taeoerdpämZD0trIrsm;udk jyKvkyfygu &[ef; b0rS avQmusrI? wrvGefü i&JusrI paom qdk;usdK;'ku©rsm;ESihf BuHKawGU&rnfomjzpf\/ odjYk zpfí oifonf vuf&t dS aetxm; rS rqkw, f w k b f J wnfwchH idk Nf rv J v kd Qif pdwcf sr;f om rI &&SdvdkvQif rQwa&mifh&Jyg? rdrd vkyftm;ESihf wef½akH useyfyg/ avmbBu;D Ny;D jzwfvrf;rvdu k f ygESi?fh w&m;ojzihf usiBfh ut H m;xkwaf exdik yf g av/ 0wfpm;aerI? þoHk;ck? vlxkruif;ay/ &orQESi?fh a&mih&f o J ih?f ajrmfcsiho f ifph w d f ajz/ oihftm;oif½I? a&mifh&JrI? oifjyKEdkifygap/ oif E S i h f y H k a wmf ? avsmf - ravsmf ? csih f a jrmf a&mif h & J a v/ þvkda&mifh&J? avmbenf;? qif;&J oufom acs/ -r*FvmhtjrLaw/ uav;wdkYa&... b0qdw k m ]]aewwf&if (a&mih&f w J wf &if) auseyfp&myg}} uG,/f ra&mif&h v J u Ykd awmh bmawGb,favmufyJ jynhpf akH eae auseyfp&m r&Sdygbl;/ wpfcsdKUvlawG[m tcGihfta&;awmh tjynhv f ckd siw f ,f/ wef&mwefz;kd awmh ray;csif Mubl;uG,hf/ wef&mwefzdk;ray;csifbJ tacsmif f ,faemf/ vdck si&f if oEÅK|rD *Fvmysuw uav;wdaYk &- a&S;wke;f u cd;k om;ig;&m &So d wJ/h olw[ Ykd m eu©wBf uKH BuKd ucf sed rf mS ykPmÖ ; wpfa,mufudk rEÅmef&Gwfckdif;NyD; a&Trdk;aiGrdk; &GmapowJh/ rdk;ay:uusvmwJh a&TaiGawGudk wpf a ,muf x J vd k c sif w J h t wG u f tcsif ; csif ; owfjzwfMu&mu tukefvHk;aoqHk;NyD; bmrS &roGm;Mubl;wJu h , G /f jzpf&yfwpfckrSmvnf; rkqdk;rrdom;pk wpf p k [ m b0a[mif ; u cif y G e f ; awmf z l ; wJ h a&T[oFmBu;D qDu aeYwidk ;f a&Ttawmifwpfacsmif; &&aewmudk ra&mihf&JEdkifbJ a&T[oFmBuD;udk zrf;NyD; tawmifawGudk tukefqGJEIwfvdkufwm a&TtawmifrjzpfawmhbJ AsdKif;awmifvdkjzpfoGm;

Ak'¨*Dwdum q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm& (½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)

tnw&aw¦ & 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg ykPmÖ ;wpfa,mufaevSe;f í xm;onht f 0wfudk &[EÅmrax&fwpfOD; yHhoultrSwf&Sdí ,l\/ ykPmÖ ;onf qJa&;í t0wfudk awmif;&mwGif ay;vdu k \ f / þtaMumif;udk &[ef;wdYk bk&m; tm; avQmufxm;&mwGif ]]a,m" 'dC0H &óH &óH 0g}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfro l nf/ a,m " 'DCH 0g &óH 0g? tPkH xlvH okbmokw/H avmau t'dEHé em'd,wd? wr[H jAL[d jAm[®P/H jref r muAsm þavmurSm Opömwd&k n S f aumif;qk;d oD;oD; i,fBu;D jzpfrnf/ olray;rl cd;k r,lNyD xko d t l m; ykPmÖ ;qk&d rnf/ He who in this world takes nothing that is not, given; be it long or short, small or great, fair or foul, him I call a brahmana.

pum;ajy/ / avmuü olray;aom Opöm ukd &Snfonfjzpfap? wdkonfjzpfap ao;i,f ywåjrm; BuD;xGm;Opömyifjzpfap wihfw,fvSy aumif;rGeo f nfjzpfap rvSry ykyef v H o S nfjzpf ap rck;d ,laomoludk jAm[®P[k igbk&m; a[m Mum;awmfrl\/ vd k Y bmrS r &awmh b l ; wJ h u G , f / 'gaMumif h uav;wdv Yk nf; ud, k v fh yk f tm;eJY wef½kH a&mif&h J Edik Mf uygapuG,/f enf;enf; vkyNf y;D tqrwef vdck si&f if tvdak vmbBu;D vGe;f &if t&enf; wwfw,fu, G afh emf/ (24) r*Fvm r*Fvm? 38 jzm r*Fvm/ 24- rSm a[mñTeMf um;? oEÅK|Dp r*Fvmw&m;/ aeç xdik çf 0wfç pm; tjzmjzm? &orQeYJ a&mif&h yJ g/ cdk;om;ig;&m a&S;cgu? ra&mih&f v J Ykd aoqH;k Mu/ Bu;D yGm;vdv k S nDri,f? 0doravmb a&Smif&mS ;uG,/f 0doravmb a&SmifEikd rf ?S pdwcf sr;f omrI &r,fy/ av;td r f p k t&S i f 0 d p d w å o m&

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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f (22) ,cif t ywf r S t quf (p) a&Ttkd;jr§KyfESHykHav;rsKd;eJY ywfoufvdkY 'getEk*grdueJY oDvtEk*grduudk a&;om; wifjyvm&m ig;yg;oDveJyY wfoufNy;D ygPmwd ygw? t'dEmé 'ge? umarokrpd mä pm& Ny;D cJNh y/D ,ck usef&Sdaeao;wJh rkom0g'eJY ok&mar&,ukd qufvufwifjyygr,f/ ]]rkom0g'g- r[kwrf rSef azmufjyef cRwf,Gif;aompum;ukd ajymjcif;? rkom;ryg vuFmracsmqkw d hJ pum;ukd vufuidk x f m;um rkom;ukd tumtuG,jf yKaeMuayw,f/ trSef rSmawmh rkom;rygayr,hf vuFmacsm&rSmyJ jzpfygw,f/}} acwfpum;eJY ]rkom;jzL} (whithe lie) vkv Yd nf; ajymMuao;&JU/ rkom;ukd tjzLtrnf; cGu J m ta&mifq;dk aeMuao;&JU/ Ny;D awmh ]rkom; csKd} (sweet lie) vkdYvnf; vmjyefao;w,f/ rkom;ukd ]csK-d csO-f pyf-ief-zef-cg;} qkw d hJ &om ajcmufyg;xJxnhfNyD; ]csKdwJhrkom;} rkom;csKdvdkY wifpm;Mujyefw,f/ rkom0g' r[kwrf rSew f m ukd vkyfBuHajymqkdMuwmrSeforQ tcsKdawmh rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ jzpfjcif;jzpf&if tcg;yJjzpfEkdif ayvdrrhf ,f/ tJ'D rkom0g' cRw, f iG ;f wJph um;ukd pwifajymqkdcJholuawmh ]apwd,rif;} ygyJ/ xD;&dyef ef;&mudpeö yYJ wfoufNy;D r[kwrf rSew f m ukd t[kwt f rSejf zpfatmif vkyBf uaH jymqkcd v hJ Ykd ajrrsKcd &H wJt h xd Bu;D rm;wJh tjypfukd cHpm;oGm; cJh&zl;w,f/ ]]opömazmufvQif? rawmfrSefu? ab;'Pf a &muf u m? ysuf w wf p G m \}} (rCa'0vuFm? ykd'fa& 237) bmyJ j zpf j zpf r[k w f r rS e f w muk d t[kwt f rSex f ifatmif vkyBf uaH jymqkw d mrSef orQ[m rkom0g'ygyJ/ ajymqkdjcif;omru a&;om;jcif;vnf; yg0ifaMumif; rSwo f m;oihf ygw,f/ ]]rk o m;pum;? ajymqk d j im;rl ? pum;ryD ? oG m ;rnD w nf ; ? yk y f n D § y g;pyf ? ajcmuf u yf u k d , f a &? £a`E´ , G i f ; arS m uf ? ykH,Gif;azmufí? ra&mufMoZm? EIwfvQm Murf;axmf? vQyfay:avmfvD? pdwfrwnf onf? a&SmifNyDtjyeftusKd;wnf;/}} rkom;pum;ukd ajymqko d o l nf pum; ryDo?l qGt YH oljzpfwwfw,f/ oGm;rsm; rnDrnm

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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t& wpfn bk&m;&Six f H a&mufvm\/ tvGef Nird o f ufvaS om oHCm y&dowfujkd rif&aom tcg rdro d m;awmfukd trSw&f \/ ighom;awmf O',b'´onf þ oHCmhy&dowf ,Ofaus;rIrsKd ; ,Ofaus;vQif aumif;rSmyJ[k awmifhwrdav onf/ ('D-1? 47) td;k vkyo f o l nf uGaJ pvdak omaMumihf yk w f c wf j cif ; r[k w f / vS y wih f w ,f a paom aMumifo h m ykwcf wfjcif;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk wl q&m onfvnf; wynhfudk ½dkufESufqHk;rjcif;onf tyg,f ponfwrYkd u S if;vGwí f avmutv,f wihfw,fapvdkaomaMumifhom qHk;rjcif;jzpf aMumif; avmueDwq d &mu qdx k m;ygonf/ q&monf wynhfudkqHk;raomtcg wynhf\ tpD;tyGm;udk vdkvm;aomarwåm? tusdK;rJhjzpfrnfudkoem;jcif; u½kPma&SUxm; vsuf tusKd ;vdv k m;aompdwx f m;jzihf qH;k r&ay rnf/ xkdodkY qHk;r&mwGifvnf; wpfyg;wnf; uG,&f mac:í qH;k r&ayrnf/ y&dowftv,f wGif rqH;k r &ay/y&dowftv,fwiG f wynf\ h *kPaf us;Zl;ud&k mS Buí H cs;D rGr;f &rnf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u- ]]tmeE´m? igonf tdk;xde;f onfvkd tm;rxkwt f /hH td;k xde;f onf [m tdk;pdrf;? tvGefrajcmufao;wJhtdk;udk

ruGJatmuf vufESpfzufESihf nifnifom om jznf;jznf;udkifw,f/ tJ'Dvdk igbk&m; rjyKrl/ wpfBudrfqHk;rNyD;vQif qdwfqdwfae rnfr[kwf/ ESdyfuGyf ESdyfuGyfNyD; txyfxyf qH k ; rr,f / tjypf a wG u d k arQmarQmypf N yD ; txyfxyfq;kH rr,f/ 'grS r*fzv kd t f ESpo f m&? avmuDtESpfom&awGwnfr,f}} [k a[m awmf r l c J h y gonf / q&m\tqH k ; tronf wynhf\ BuD;yGm;a&;wHcg;vrf;aMumif;yif jzpf y gonf / wdvrk|dZmwfü q&mBuD;\wynhf wpfa,mufonf a&csdK;qdyfodkY a&csdK;oGm;&m vrf;ü aevSr;f xm;aom ESr;f yHrk S ydik &f iS t f m; ryef Mum;yJ ,lpm;avonf/ ydkif&Sifonf oHk;&uf ajrmufaomaeYü q&mtm;wdik af vonf/ q&m Bu;D u qk;H rajymqk½d rHk Qjzihf ydik &f iS u f rauseyfbJ rdrad &SUü xdw k ynht f m; qH;k rrSom auseyfrnf jzpfaMumif; ajymavonf/ xdaYk Mumifh wkwjf zihf ½dkufí wynhftm; qHk;ronf/ wynhfonf þodq Yk ;kH ronfukd pdwx f üJ tNiKd ;xm;avonf/ tcsed w f efí rif;jzpfaomtcg q&mBu;D udo k wf &ef y&d,m,fjzihf eef;awmfodkYyifhavonf/ oHk;Budrfajrmufü q&mBuD; eef;wGif;odkYa&muf aomtcg owf&ef trdeaYf y;avonf/

pmrsufESm 8 rStquf qdkwm ÓPfBuD;&SifawG&JU ajymifajrmufwJh pdwful;pdwfoef;oufoufrQomr[kwfygbl;/ pGpJ NJG rNJ rt J m½Hpk ;l pdu k jf cif;qdv k Qif ydrk eS yf gvdrrfh ,f/ awG;ac:qifjcifrI[m pmtkyfawG&JU rd e f Y c G e f ; awG x J u om &Ed k i f w mr[k w f y gbl ; / ud, k yf ikd Of ;D aESmufawGxrJ mS t"duwnfaewmyg/ 'Dtcsuu f kd wuúov kd af usmif;Bu;D awGu arhae Muw,f/ ]½d;k (vf) ½dKG uf (pf)} Zdrcf u H m;Bu;D awG u awG;awmBuHpnfrI&JUjy,k*ftaqmufttHk wpfckjzpfygw,f/ rsufarSmufacwf jrpful;? yifv,ful;wHwm;BuD;awG? av,mOfysHawG? refcsufpwmwl;ajrmif;awGqdkvnf; xdkenf; D aeY vnf;aumif;ygyJ/ ,kwpf t G qH;k oifw'Ykd u oH;k pGaJ eMuwJh ]zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufr}I &JU t&if;tjrpf rlvblw[m awG;ac:pOf;pm;jcif;yJjzpfovdk? tawG;tac:aumif;[m vSywJo h pömw&m;jzpf Ny;D vlom;wpf&yfv;kH udk &ihu f su0f if;rSnafh pEdik f ygw,f/ usrf;ud;k - [m;bwfuwfqif\ ]vlqdkwJhvl} pD;yGm;a&;usr;f rS ]tawG;tac:ESifh vlo Y bm0} tydik ;f udk usr;f &if;twdik ;f aumufEw I af zmfjyyg onf/ bmomjyef- OD;nDnED ikd f &S i f Ó P (zsmyH k )

pmrsufESm 4 rStquf

xdt k cgu q&mBu;D onf ]]tuREykf f om xdt k csed u f rqH;k rcJyh gu t&Sirf if;Bu;D onf olc;kd av;rS olc;kd Bu;D jzpfum rif;jypfrif;'Pfoihf í rif;pnf;pdrrf &bJ toufyifq;kH ½I;H Edik o f nf/ tuREyfk q f ;kH rcJah omaMumiho f m þrif;pnf;pdrf udk ,cktcg cHpm;ae&jcif;jzpfonf[k jyefvnf ajz&Sif;jyaomtcg rif;BuD;onf q&mtm; awmif;yefí rif;pnfpdrfudk&jcif;rSm q&m\ aus;Zl;qH;k rrIaMumifo h mjzpfonf[k q&mhaus;Zl; udk em;vnfoabmaygufavonf/ (Zmwuyg- 71) ]]q&monf wynhw f t Ykd m; ,Ofaus; atmif qH;k rouJo h Ykd rdru d , dk u f kd vdrm® ,Ofaus; atmif t&ifq;kH qH;k r&rnf/ taMumif;rSm rdrd ud, k u f kd tqH;k rç&cufjcif;aMumihjf zpfonf}} [k a[mawmfrlonhftwdkif; tcsdKUq&mwdkYonf wynht f usKd ;udv k v kd m;í qH;k raomfvnf; rdru d rvku d ef mojzifh aemufq;kH ü q&ma&mwynhyf g tcsdefukefvlyef;um tcsnf;ESD;jzpfMu&av onf/ ("r®y'- 37) ñTef;- "r®y' Zmwu t&S i f Ó P0& (omaygif ; )

e*du k rajymifbeJ YJ em;awmif;a&mifav;aMumihf yg;ajymifaewmudk yg;u ajymifw,frw S af ew,f/ uyÜvyD g;u b,fajymifrmS vJaemf/ rJaewmyJ/ at; tJ'v D rkd mefrmeawG0ifvmMuawmh usew f yhJ *k Kd¾ vaf wG tay:? &[ef;awGtay:rSm txifao;tjrifao;jzpfvmw,f/ txifao; tjrifao; jzpf½Hkwifrubl;? ½IwfcswJhpum;? qJa&;wdkif;xGmwJh pum;awG ajymvmMuw,f/ qJw,fqdkwm trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,faemf/ bmrS rod w J h [ mawG v d k Y a jym&if v nf ; qJ w myJ / qJ a &;jcif ; (10) rsd K ;qd k w J h t xJ r S m evyde;f wH;k awGvaYkd jym&ifvnf; qJwmyJ/ [dv k kd bmrS? nmrS qJwmrS qJwmr[kwb f ;l / tJ'v D kd &[ef ; oH C mawG u d k qJ a &;wd k i f ; xG m wJ h t vk y f a wG u d k y g vk y f v mNyD ; awmh txif a o; tjrifao;awGjzpfvmw,f/ uóy jrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufrmS jzpfaewmaemf/ uydv&[ef; tJ'v D jkd zpfvmwJt h cgusawmh &[ef;awGu ajymMuw,f/ ]]ud, k af wmf pmwwfaywwf tifrwefrS ESajrmp&maumif; w,f/ olrsm;udk txifao;? tjrifao; rvkyyf geJ}Y }/ aemuf q H k ; ol u bmawG x d a jymvmwk e f ; qd k & if bk & m;a[mwmud k v nf ; yJ ra[mbl ; vd k Y ajymcsifajymw,f/ bk&m;ra[mwmudkvnf; a[mw,fvdkY ajymcsifajym w,f/ "r®udkvnf; t"r®vdkYajymcsifajymw,f/ t"r®udkvnf; "r®vdkY ajymcsifajymw,f/ olu pmwwfwmudk;/ pmwwfawmh pmxJrygbJ eJv Y nf; ygw,fvaYkd jymcsiaf jymw,f/ rygwmusawmh ygw,fvyk w f ,f/ ab;u &[ef;awGu owday;w,f/ ud, k af wmf 'grsKd ;rvkyyf g eJ?Y r&bl;/ r&awmh olYtpfudkBuD;udk oGm;wkdifMuw,f/ ]udk,fawmfhnDudk ajymygOD;}/ olYtpfudkBuD;u &[EÅmBuD;yJ/ vmNy;D awmhajymw,f/ ]]ignDwhJ ynmwwfw,fqw kd m tifrwefrS wefz;kd &Syd gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU w&m;awmfawGudk wwfodvdr®mwm[m tifrwefrS aumif;ygw,f/ trSef tuefajymyg/ olrsm;twGuf ud, k w f wfov d rd m® wmawGukd olrsm;udk wqihf rSerf eS u f efuefajymyg/ rmefrmeawG rxm;ygeJ}Y } vdYk qH;k rw,f/ wpfcg qH;k rw,f? r&bl;/ ESpcf g qH;k rw,f? r&bl;/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

oif\pdwfudk vHkNcHKatmif apmihfa&Smufavmh Guard Your thoughts Nidrf;csrf;OD; à oif\pdwfudk vHkNcHKatmifapmihfa&SmufEkdifonfjzpfjim;tHh? aemufxyfoihfrSmapmihfa&Smufxdef;odrf;&rnfh t&m[lír&Sdawmhay/ xdkYaMumihf oifhpdwfudk apmihfa&Smufygavmh/ à If you can only control your mind, you will have nothing more to control; so guard your mind

tnw&OuúP²dwbdu©K0w¬K 36/

ok'k'´oH okedykPH? ,w¬ umredygwdeH/ pdwåH&au©xar"m0D? pdwåH&wåHokcg0[H/ aumif;pGmcJ,Of;ojzihf jriftyfxaom? tvGefofdrfarGUpGmx aom trSwfr&Sdaom? umr*kPftm½Hküusavh&Sdaom pdwfudk ynm&Sd onf apmihaf &Smuf&m\/ vHNk cKH Ny;D aompdwo f nf csr;f omudk aqmifwwf \/ ynm&SdolomvQif pdwfudkapmihfa&Smufjcif;iSm wwfpGrf;Ekdif\ okwEå yÅ #d uck'u ´ edum, "r®y'ygVdawmf*gxm trSw(f 36)jzpf aom pdw0å *fvm? ok''k o ´ t H pjzmaom þa'oemawmfukd jrwfpmG bk&m; onf om0wdj¬ ynfreG af Zw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oH;k pHaeawmfrpl Of omoem0,fysi;f &dNi;D aiGUaom tnw& &[ef;wpfyg;udk taMumif;jyK ía[mMum;awmfrlonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio f nf om0wdj¬ ynfwiG f oDwif;oH;k pHaeawmfrl onf&adS omf olaX;om;wpfa,mufonf rdrt d rd o f Ykd <uvmawmfral om q&mrax&fukd OD;vnfñw G u f sK;d &Scd ;kd csO;f uyfí? t&Sib f &k m; wynhaf wmf onf tvGeftuJ qif;&J'ku©rSvGwfjcif;iSm tvdk&Sdygonf/ wynhf awmf t m; wpf c k a om qif ; &J r S v G w f j cif ; taMumif ; ud k a[mMum; awmfryl gavmh [k avQmufMum;\/ rax&fuvnf; 'g,um aumif;Ny?D tvG e f w uJ qif ; &J j cif ; 'k u © r S tu,f í vG w f v d k o nf jzpf t H h ?

Ukkan.t.hita bhikkhu Vatthu . . Sududdasam sunipunam . yattha ka-manipa-tinam . Cittam rakkhetha medha-vi . . . cittam guttam sukha-vaham The mind is very difficult to perceive, very delicate and subtle; it moves and lands wherever it pleases. The wise one should guard his mind, for a guarded mind brings happiness.

A wise man should guard his thoughts While residing at the Jetavana monastery in Sa-ratthi, the Buddha uttered Verse (36) of the Suttanta Pitaka, Khuddaka Nika-ya, DHAMMAPADA (The Highly Treasured book), Citta Vagga (The Mind), with reference to a young disgruntled bhikkhu who was the son of a banker. Once, there lived in Sa-vatthi the son of banker. This young man asked the bhikkhu who used to his house for alms what he should do to be liberated from the ills of life. The bhikkhu instructed him to divide his property into three parts; one part to do business with, one part to support the family and one part to give in charity. He did as he was told and again asked what should be done next. So he was further instructed: firstly, to take refuge in theTriple Gem (Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha) and to observe

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

k zdw Yk u Ykd jkd yKíwpfzjYkd zihf a&mif;0,f rdr\ d Opömypön;f tESpw f u Ydk kd oH;k pko;kH yHt jk cif;paom trIu, kd OS af pavmh? wpfzw Ykd pfpjk zihf om;r,m;udk vkyaf uR; arG;jrLavavmh/ wpfzw Ykd pfpu k kd jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfü tvSL'ge udak y;avmh[q k akd wmfr\ l / xdo k al X;om;onf aumif;vSygNyD t&Sib f &k m;[k0efcNH y;D aomf ajymqdkjyocJhaom tpOftwdkif;tm;jzihf tvHk;pHkudk jyKNyD;í wpfzef rax&fukd t&Sib f &k m;xdx k uftvGew f pfyg;aomtb,foaYkd om trIukd jyK&ygrnfenf;[kar;avQmuf\/ 'g,um? o&P*HkoHk;yg;wdkYudk cH,laqmufwnfavavmh/ ig;yg;oDvwdu Yk kd cH,al qmufwnfavavmh[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l / xdo k &P *HkoDvwdkYudkvnf; cH,laqmufwnfNyD;í xdkxufvGefjrwfonfudk ar;avQmufjyef\/ xdkodkYjzpfvQif q,fyg;oDvudk cH,laqmufwnfavavmh [kq\ kd / t&Sib f &k m; aumif;ygNy[ D k 0efcNH y;D cH,al qmufwnf\/ xdo k al X;om;onf þodt Yk pOftwdik ;f tm;jzihf aumif;rIuu H kd jyKonf \ tjzpf a Mumif h ? tEk y k A Á o l a X;om;rnf o nf j zpf a v\/ t&Sifbk&m; xdkxufvGefjrwfonfvnf; jyKzG,ftrIonf &Sdygao;o avm[kwzefar;avQmufí xdo k jYkd zpfvQif &[ef;jyKavavmh[k qdo k nf &Sad omf vlaY bmifrS xGuí f &[ef;jyKav\/ xd k o l a X;om;tm; wpf y g;aomq&monf tbd " r® m ud k aqmifaomq&mjzpfay\/ wpfyg;aom q&monf 0denf;udkaqmif aom OyZÑm,fq&mjzpfayonf/ &tyfNyD;aom yÍöif;tjzpf&Sdaom xd&k [ef;tm; q&monf rdrx d o H Ykd vma&mufaomf tbd"r®mü jyóem udk a[mMum;awmfr\ l / jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfü þtrnf&adS om trIudk jyKjcif;iSmtyf\/ þtrnf&Sdaom trIudkjyKjcif;iSm rtyf[k ajymqdk qH;k r\/ xd&k [ef;\ OyZÑm,fq&monfvnf; rdrx d o H v Ykd ma&mufaomf 0d e nf ; ü jyóemud k a jymqk d a v\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;omoemawmf ü þtrnf&adS om trIujkd yKjcif;iSm oihaf vsmaf vsmufywf\/ þtrIonf um; roihfavsmfravsmufywf/ þtrIonfum;tyf\/ þtrIum; rtyf[ak jymqdq k ;kH r\/ xd&k [ef;onf qifjcifBupH nfonfrmS þtrIonfum; tvGef 0efav;aomtrIjzpfacsonfwum;? igonf qif;&Jrv S w G v f akd omaMumihf &[ef;jyKjcif;jzpf\/ þjrwfpmG bk&m;omoemawmfüigYtm; vufukd qefY &mt&yfrQaomfvnf;rxifrjrifcJhacswum;/ tdrfüwnfvsufomvQif qif;&Jrv S w G jf cif;iSm wwfaumif;\/ igonfvjl zpfjcif;iSmomtyf\[k BuHpnfpOf;pm;av\/ xkd&[ef;onf xdktcgrSpí omoemawmfü qefYusifonf jzpfí omoemawmfü rarGUravsmo f nfjzpfaomaMumihf 'Gwåd o H m um& wdkYudk o&ZÑm,fjcif;rjyK/ ygVdudkroif,l/ BuHKvSDjcif;? acgif;yg;jcif;? taMumNyKd i;f NyKd i;f xaom ud, k &f o dS nfjzpf\/ ysi;f &djcif;jzihf ESyd pf uftyf onfjzpfí eH½;kd NyKd i;f NyKd i;f xvsuf arGceH mponfwjYkd zihf `yrG ;f onfjzpf\/ xdkolaX;om;&[ef;\ tjzpfudk omraPi,fwdkYrSwqifh OyZÑm,f q&mwdMYk um;odMuí? xd&k [ef;udak c:,lcMhJ uum? jrwfpmG bk&m; xHawmfarSmufoYkd a&mufvmMuuke\ f / cspfom;&[ef;? toifonf igbk&m;\ omoemawmfü qefu Y sio f nf[o l nf rSeyf goavm[kar;awmfrv l Qif t&Sib f &k m; [kwrf eS f ygonfb&k m;[k 0efcaH vQmufMum;aomf? tb,ftaMumif;aMumihef nf; [k ar;awmfr\ l /

the five precepts; secondly, to observe the ten precepts; and thirdly, to renounce the world and enter the Holy Order. The young man complied with all these instructions and became a bhikkhu. As a bhikkhu, he was taught the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology) by one teacher and the Vinaya (rules of conduct) by another. Being taught in this way, he felt that there was too much to be learnt, that the disciplinary rules were too strict and two many, so much so that there was not enough freedom in the way of life of a bhikkhu. He thought that it might be better to return to the lay life. As a result of doubt and discontentment, he become unhappy and neglected his duties. He alos became thin and weak. When the Buddha came to know about this, he admonished the young bhikkhu, "If you can only control your mind, you will have nothing more to control; so guard your mind." Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows:The mind is very difficult to perceive; very delicate and subtle; it moves and lands wherever it pleases. The wise one should guard his mind, for guarded mind brings happiness. Verse (36) At the end of the discourse, the young bhikkhu attained Sota-pati Fruition and many others attained also Sota-pati Fruition. Nyain Chan Oo.

bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfonf qif;&J'ku©rSvGwfajrmufvdkaomaMumihf &[ef;jyKygonf/ wynhfawmf tm;q&monf vGejf rwfaom tbd"r®mw&m;pum;udk a[mMum;jyo qdkqHk;rygonf/ OyZÑm,fq&monf 0denf;w&m;pum;udk ajymMum; qHk;rygonf/ wynhfawmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfü igYtm; vufuq kd ef&Y mt&yfrQaomfvnf; r&Sad cswum;/ vlxu G Nf y;D qif;&J'u k © rSvGwfjcif;iSm wwfaumif;vdrhfrnf/ vlxGufawmhtHh[kqHk;jzwfjcif;udk jyKrdygonf[kavQmufxm;av\/ ]]cspf o m;&[ef ; oif o nf w pf c k w pf y g;wnf ; ud k o mvQif apmihaf &Smufjcif;iSmtu,fí pGr;f Ekid o f nfjzpfcyhJ gtH/h <uif;aom t&m Xmewdu Yk kd apmihaf &Smufz, G u f pd rö &SNd y}D } [kred aYf wmfr\ l / ]]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; apmihfa&Smuftyfaom wpfyg;wpfcw k nf;aom w&m;[lonf tb,fygenf;bk&m;}} ]]cspo f m; &[ef; oif\ pdww f pfyg;wckwnf;omvQiw f nf;/ xdkwpfyg;wpfckwnf;aompdwfudkapmihfa&Smufjcif;iSm wwfpGrf;Edkifyg vwåUH avm}} ]]bke;f awmfBu;D aomjrwfpmG bk&m;? pGr;f Edik yf gvwåUH ygbk&m;}} ]]xdo k jYkd zpfvQi?f rdr\ d pdwu f o kd mvQif apmifah &Smufavbdavmh/ qif;&J'u k r© v S w G jf cif;iSm wwfaumif;ygvdrrfh nf}} [k þodaYk omtqH;k tr Mo0g'udak y;í? þ*gxmudk a[mMum;awmfral vonf/ aumif;pGmcJ,Of;ojzihf jriftyfxaom? tvGefodrfarGUpGm xaom? trSwfr&Sdaom umr*kPftm½Hkü usavh&Sdxaompdwfudk? ynm&Sdonf apmifha&Smuf&m\/ vHkNcHKNyD;aompdwfonf csrf;omudk aqmif w wf \ / xdak 'oem*gxm\tqH;k ü olaX;om;&[ef;onf aomwmywåd zdkvfodkYa&mufav\/ wpfyg;vnf;jzpfukefaom rsm;pGmukefaomolwdkY onfvnf; aomwmyeftp&So d nf jzpfMuavuke\ f / Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

qkH;rwwfol q&m[l\ OD;0dvmo*¾(uif;prf;)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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usr;f *efrawGU&yg/ odaYk omf q&morm;tpOf tqufwu Ykd rl]]"r® o if 0 d b *F ? 'G g 'o&uf p D ? ajcmuf&ufMum? usrf;"mwk&,fESihf? yk*¾vm ck e pf & uf ? a[m`rG u f c J h o nf / uxm0wf ? &uf & S p f n D ? 0D o my ,rk d u f u srf ; ? yÍö 0 d y|me&,f v k d Y ? vok H ; vD ? r,f a wmf r d u k d ? a[monhf&ufwrf;}} [lí rSwfwrf;jyKcJhMu ygonf/ av;AD Z emES i h f o k H ; jyef (od k Y r [k w f ) &ufaygif; 90 umvywfv;Hk a[mMum;awmf rlaom tbd"r®mukd ocsmF tm;jzihf (7)usr;f [lí *Pef ; wyf í EI w f c rf ; owf x m;aomf v nf ; a'oemawmftm;jzihf tvGew f &mrS rsm;jym;vS ygonf/ ork'´&m&Sd a&pufudkrl csihfwGufí &Ekid pf &m&Sad yao;onf/ þtbd"r®ma'oem awmfuu kd m; a&wGuaf zmfjy&efyif *Pef;r&Syd g acs/ bk&m;&Siw f rYkd nfonf owåmEkarm'e umvtcsdefwdkuav;twGif;rSmyif qGrf;tEk armfw&m;onf 'DCedum,f? rZÑrd edum,fusr;f Bu;D rsm; yrmP &Sn&f n S v f sm;vsm; rsm;jym; ukv H Hk jynhfpkHvSygonf/ ypämbwå (qGr;f pm;Ny;D aemuf) w&m; onfvnf; oH,kwåedum,f t*Fkwå&edum,f Bu;D avmufyif &Snv f sm;rsm;jym;vSbo d nf/ aqmvsifwpfrk[kwf csufwpfjzKwf? vQyfwpfjyuf ½kwfw&wf okwfokwf jzKwfcsnf; ½kwfcsnf; wpfxkdifwnf; wmwkdtcsdefwGif;ü a[mMum;awmfrlaom a'oemawmfonfyif þrQavmuf *Pef;Bu;D aevQif &ufaygif; (90) r,fawmfrdewf EkdYzkd;qyfw&m;ukd rnfrQrnfrQ &Snfvsm;rsm;jym;rnfqkdonfrSm odomEkdifyg onf/ t|omvded ed'geuxmü &yfaom ajcjzihf oif*gxmwpfaomif;ig;axmif? yk'f ajcmufaomif;wdu Yk dk pifvsuf oif,yl cYkd sa[mjy Ekid pf rG ;f &Sad om rk;d oD;rk;d aygufwu Ydk ydk if a&wGuf Ekid o f nhf ÓPf&adS wmfral om wdy#d u"&jzpf awmf r l a om t"d y wå o wd r m? t"d y wå *wd r m? t"d y wå " d w d r m jzpf a wmf r l a om A[kokw{w'*¾ t&SiftmeE´m rax&fjrwf BuD;onfyif þtbd"r®m &uf(90)w&m;ukd b0aygif; t&maxmifywfv;Hk yif Ny;D qk;H atmif &G w f z wf o &ZÑ,f j cif ; iS m rwwf E k d i f ? þrQ us,0f ef;vSbw d um;/ ]]usrf;BuD;y|mef;? usrf;i,fqef;? usrf ; vwf " mwk u xm}} [k q&mtpOf

tquf `rG u f q k d c J h a om O'gef ; pum;t& þy|mef;usr;f Bu;D \ ,ckygVdawmfonf oif½;dk rQom jzpfayao;onf/ Ak'¨ wm0wd o H mewf obifwiG f a[mMum;cJah om a'oempOfum; tvGeyf if us,0f ef;vSí *Pef;wifíMunhrf nf qkv d Qif r[myum&P t|uxmBu;D ü zGijfh y aomenf;twdkif; pnf;pepfwduspGm wGufcsuf Munhrf nfqv dk Qif uka#aygif; (404ç 948ç 533ç 248) (av;aomif;av;&muk;d q,fah v;uka# ESifh &Spo f ef;ig;ode;f ok;H aomif;ok;H axmifEpS &f m av;q,h&f pS f wdw)d &Syd gonf/ od k Y a omf þ*Pef ; BuD ; rsm;wG i f 0doZÆemtwGuf *Pef;rsm; rygao;yg/ ykpmä twGuf oufoufrQomjzpfygonf/ t|uxm ü zGihfjyxm;aomtwdkif; Zmwf? umv? bkH? oEÅmef? cE¨m? orÜ,w k "å r®rsm;jzihf xyfqihaf 0zef jy&aomf teEÅe,tjzpfomí xif&Sm;Ekdif ygrnf/ þodYk tus,w f 0ihf zGiq fh adk [mMum; awmf r l c J h a om a'oemawmf j rwf o nf u m; ewfem;wnf;[laom od*cÐ u G üf om oufouf avmif;xnhfchJaom "r®puf jcaoFhqDrsm;om jzpfygonf/ "r®aoemywd &Sifom&dykwå&monf yif þrQrsm;jym;pG m rem,l c J h & yg/ Ak ' ¨ u ewfjynfwiG f a[mMum;Ny;D orQ aeYpOfyif jyef<u í a[mjyonfrmS ig ,aeYtwGuf þa&GUþrQ a[mjycJ h N yD ; NyD } } [k t&d y f j ytaumif x if wpf x G m jy wpf v H j rif a om ÓPf B uD ; &S i f &Sio f m&dyw k &å mtm; csKUH íom t`ru G rf Q a[mjy cJhygonf/ wpfzef &Sifom&dykwå&mum; ol\ wynhfom; &[ef;ig;&mwdkYtm; csKH;NyD;wpfzef rusOf;rus,f a[mawmfrjl yefygonf/ ,aeY&dS ygVd a wmf o nf þ0gpemr*¾ t wk d i f ; om oH*g,emwif tok;H jyKxm;cJMh uygonf/ teEÅ e ,? orEÅ r [myum&P rnfaom þy|mef;usr;f Bu;D \ eufeu J s,af jym yku H dk avmuDO'g[½kPyf if jy&efr&Syd g/ odaYk omf tenf ; i,f a om Oyrmwpf c k a y;ygqk d v Qif yifv,fjyifuo dk m ñTejf y&ygrnf/ yifv,fonf axmufwnf&efcufcJatmif euf½Idif;onf/ urf ; rjrif a tmif v nf ; us,f a jymvS o nf / xkaYd Mumifh þusr;f ukd yifv,fEiS Efh idI ;f ,SOf Oyrm jyxm;ygonf/ þy|mef;usr;f us,0f ef;rIudk qifjcif í &[EÅmjzpfomG ;cJ&h aom oD[Vdk &f [EÅmwpfyg; &SdcJhygonf/

r[m*wd *rd, wdórax&fonf wpfcsdefaomtcg r[maAm"dukd zl;arQmf&ef oD[kdVfuRef;rS tdE´d, (ZrÁL'dyfuRef;) odkY pdv’ rnfaom yifv,fc&D;jzihf oabFmpD;í <ucJh onf/ oabFmay:rSaeí a&jyif\tqk;H ukd arQmfMunhfonf/ rnfonhfurf;ukdrQ rjrif? a&vIid ;f wdu Yk o dk m jrifrad vonf/ rax&fonf yifv,fudk pOf;pm;qifjcifMunho f nf/ yif v ,f [ l o nf atmuf a jcwG i f ajrjyifjzihf ykid ;f jcm;í txuftzkw Yd iG f v[m jyifjzihf tem;uGyo f nf/ wpfbufwiG f puú0g awmifwef;jzihf cef;yef;owfí wpfbufwGifrl qdyfurf;jzihf ecrf;owf&NrJomjzpfonf/ y|mef ; usrf ; BuD ; onf u m; xuf ? atmuf? 0J? ,m b,frSmqkH; urf;ykdif;jcm; uvem;owfrw S cf su[ f í l r&Sd eufeu J s,af jym vSbo d nf/ þodaYk wG;awm&if; w&m;oabmukd qifjcifo;Hk oyfí wpfxidk jf cif;jzihf t&[wåzv dk f odYk qku d af &mufavonf/ xkdodkY t&[wåzkdvfqkduf &[EÅm jzpfNy;D aemuf y|mef;usr;f Bu;D ukd taMumif;jyKNy;D 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfjzihf]]taw¦0 *rÇ&d *wH ok'Ak KÁ 0?H o,H tbdnm, oa[wk orÇ0?H ,xmEk ykAHÁ edcad ve a'odw?H ra[odem ½ly*wH0 yówd}} [k O'gef;usL;&ihaf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/ vl Y j ynf ü &S i f o m&d y k w å & mvQif trGet f p tbd"r®ma'oemukd &Sio f m&dyw k &å m \ odómEkoó d H wynho f m;tqufqufwYdk onf tqifq h ihf vufqihu f rf;um tbd"r®m omoemukd jyKpak wmfrcl &hJ m ,aeY jrefrmjynfol jynf o m;wd k Y t zd k Y tvG e f u H a umif ; pG m þ tbd"r®mukd tjynhftpkH avhvmoifMum;Ekdif aom tcGit fh a&;Bu;D &aeayao;onf/ ygXdu0*¾t|uxm orÜom'ed, okwfü omoemuG,fykHjy&mü yxrtbd"r® yd#u uG,rf nf/ xkt d bd"r®mwGif y|mef;usr;f Bu;D u OD;pGmuG,rf nf [lí a[mMum;qkx d m; &m þtbd"r®monf omoemtwGuf tvGef ta&;ygaom a'oemawmfBu;D jzpfojzihf ,aeY Ak'b ¨ mom0if &[ef;&Siv f w l o Ykd nf þtbd"r®m a'oemawmf u k d tav;xm;oif M um;í omoemawmfudk xde;f odr;f apmihaf &SmufEidk Mf u &ef wifjytyfygonf/ r[mo'¨ r ® a Zmwd u "Z wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD a t)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

odrSwfcHpm; jyKvkyfjim; od rSwf cHpm; jyKvyk jf im;aomf qdw k m emrfcE¨mav;yg;&JUvkyfaqmifcsufawGudk ajym wmyg/ pdwf\tpGrf;owådrsm; t&nftaoG; rsm;? t&nftcsif;pGrf;tifponfjzifh ac:Edkif ygw,f/ pdwq f w kd hJ emrf"mwf[m tJ'pD rG ;f tm; Mental Energy (4) rsKd ;eJY tqufrjywf tvkyf vkyfaeygw,f/ tJ'DpGrf;tif (4) rsdK;uawmh odEikd jf cif;pGr;f tm; (Conciousness)? rSwo f m; jcif;pGr;f tif (Memory)? cHpm;Edik pf rG ;f (Sensation)? jyKvy k pf &D ifEikd pf rG f; (Effort) wdjYk zpfygw,f/ twdkaumuf vG,fulatmif od rSwfcHpm; jyKvkyfjim;vdkY qdkvkduf&ygw,f/ cE¨mzGJUvQif 0d Ó Pu© E ¨ m onmu© E ¨ m ? a0'emu© E ¨ m ? ocFg&u©Em¨ [lí (4) rsKd ; jzpfygonf/ tJ'D od rSwf cHpm; jyKvyk fjim;qdw k hJ pdw&f UJ vkyif ef;awG ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;vmonf&Sdaomfod r S w f c H p m;jyKvk y f j im;aomtcg uReaf wmfwYkd ur®0#fpufBu;D vnf&awmh\/ ur® pufvnfaomtcg uH\tusdK;jzpfwJh 0dygu puf u tvk d v d k v k d u f y gvnf & \/ wpf z ef udavompufu ur®pufvnfEikd af tmif0ifí axmufual ygif;ul;ay;&\/ yHyh ;kd armif;ESiaf y;& \/ udavopuf0ifrulawmhb;l qd&k ifawmh ur® pufvnf; jywfawmh\/ ur®pufr&Sad wmh 0dygu pufvnf; r&SEd ikd af wmh/ xd0k #fawG wufnb D uf nDvnfaeaomtcg oHo&m0#f'ku©abmifrS b,fvrkd aS &SmifrxGuEf ikd af wmhyg/ xd0k #fwYkd vnf ae&jcif;rSm pdwfapwodufwdkY\ jc,fvS,frl t&if;cHaMumihjf zpfaeygonf/ odjcif;onf pdw\ f udk,fydkift&nftcsif;jzpfonf/ rSwfom;jcif;? cHpm;jcif;? jyKjyifppD Ofjcif;w&m;wdu Yk apwoduf w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ xdkapwodufw&m;rsm;u pdwfudkjc,fvS,faeonf/ jrwfA'k \ ¨ w&m;awmfrsm;udk em;vnf usihfBuHEdkif&efqdkygvQif pdwfESihfpdwf\tpGrf; owåt d &nftaoG;rsm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnfzYkd vdktyfvSonf/ ]]pdawåe ed,awavmaum}} wJh/ avmuBuD;udk pdwfuzefqif;xm;w,f/ pdwrf &S&d if avmuBu;D r&Sb d ;l / pdw&f v dS Ykd avmu BuD;&Sdaewm? pdwfonf tqef;Mu,fqHk;ESihf ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfaeygonf/ ]]tvGefYtvGefjrifEdkifcJí tvGefY tvGef odrfarGUvSNyD; tvdk&Sd&mtm½HkwdkYü usa&muf a vh & S d w wf a ompd w f u d k ynm&S d onf apmifha&Smuf&m\/ apmihfa&Smufxm; tyfaompdwfonf aysmf&TifNidrf;csrf;rIudkom

17 wuúodkvfvSarmif

&Guaf qmifwwfayonf/}} ("r® y'- pdw0å *f)/ The mind is very hard to precieve, extermely subtle and ever is quest of delight. The wise should guard it; The guarded mind brings about happiness.

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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w,fqw kd hJ ur®e, d mrudk b,fvrkd S ausmv f mT ;vdYk r&bl;/ jyKvkyv f jYkd zpfvmwJu h w H pfck ysufomG ; w,fqdkaomfvnf; uH\tpGrf;owådav;udk awmh vufqihfurf;csefxm;ypfcJhygonf/ xdkuHtpGrf;owådwdkYu jzpfav&mb0wkdif; &JU b0cE¨mawGrSm &pfodkif;0dkif;&HíaeMuyg onf / cE¨mig;yg;0ef;usif euf½iId ;f aomae&m wGif xdu k o H wåw d u Ykd tEko,tjzpfEiS hf ude;f atmif;&pf0ikd ;f í aeMuygonf/ xdu k pH rG ;f tm;wdYk u b0topfuw kd nfay;jcif;? b0udjk c,fv, S f jcif;rsm; aqmif&u G o f mG ;Muayvdrrfh nf/ odaYk omf ]]oaAÁ o cF g &mted p ö m }} w&m;t& xd k u H pGrf;tm;owådwdkYrSmvnf; oHo&ma'gufwkdif rsm;udk ½du k cf sKd ;zsuq f ;D Edik cf sed w f iG f tqH;k owfe|d d wHoGm;awmhrnfomjzpfygonf/ ½kyfqdkwmudkjrif&\/ pdwfqdkwm uawmh jrifEdkifaumif;onfht&mrsdK;r[kwf/ j'yftpk txktxnfvnf;r&S?d pdw&f adS Mumif; pdwf\vu©Pmrsm;udkom ÓPfjzihfjrifEdkif odEdkif&onf/ xdkpdwfudk qHk;r&mwGifvnf; pdwfjzihfom qHk;r&onf/ pdwfjzihfomjyKjyif Edik o f nf/ pdwu f pkd w d jf ziho f m od&onf/ a&SU pdwfuav;udk aemufpdwfuav;jzihf apmifh MunhfqifjcifoHk;oyf½IrSwfaejcif;omvQif t&Sdw&m;? trSefw&m;? opömw&m;rsm;udk yG m ;rsm;qif j cif a eonf r nf y g\/ ½kyo f nf bmrSvyk w f wfonfr[kw?f olo Y bm0twdik ;f "mwfBu;D av;yg;jzihf azmuf jyefaernf? olYoabmolaqmif olYtvkyfol vkyaf ernf/ olrY mS cHpm;rIr&S?d remusiw f wf? pdwf uom odwwfonf/ rSwo f m;wwfonf/ cHpm; wwfonf/ jyKjyifpDrHvkyfaqmifwwfonf/ wHjYk yefvaYIH qmf wdu k w f eG ;f wwfonf/ uHpw d f Owk tm[m&wdu Yk axmufyu hH n l v D u dk rf S xd½k yk cf E¨m u vI y f & S m ;wwf o nf / uH u pd w f E S i f h ½ k y f u d k oaE¨wnfay;vku d o f nf/ y#doaE¨pw d u f av; ESifh bm0½kyf 0w¬K½yk w f u Ykd kd zefw;D ay;vku d o f nf/ uHpdwfOwktm[m&wdkYu xdkoaE¨om;av;udk qufvufNy;D Bu;D xGm;rsm;jym;atmif aqmifusO;f vku d af omtcg uReaf wmfwYkd vuf&cdS E¨mig;yg;ESifh vl[lí jzpfvm&awmh\/ xdaYk Mumifh vl[o l nfrmS ½kycf E¨mESihf emrfcE¨mrSví JG bmrSr&S/d ½kycf E¨monf oH;k q,hf ESpaf um|mojzihzf UJG pnf;xm;Ny;D yx0D? awaZm? 0ga,m? tmayg "mwfBu;D av;yg;wdjYk zifh tNrJ azmufjyefaeaom obm0&S\ d / xk½d yk o f nf bm todrrS &S?d bmrSrvkyw f wf/ vufuav;vIy&f mS ; vkdufjcif;u pdwfu ckdif;vdkYvIyfvkduf&wm/

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THE ANAPAN OR THE MANUAL OF MINDF by ,cif t ywf r S t quf (12) ygVdawmfESihf t|uxm ESD;aESmyHk xkwfjycJhNyD;aom ygVdawmfav;0g&\ t&jzpfaom 1/ owdNr&J m? yxrm? 'k-rSm &Snw f o dk /d 2/ vH;k pHv k if;&m? w- üom? p- rSm Nird ;f apbd/ [laom av;csuu f kd jyqdck NhJ y;D aom *Pem tp&Sad om t| uxmenf;vrf;ESihf ES;D aESm&m\/ ES D ; aES m csuf ES;D aESmyHu k m; xd&mXmeü pdwu f pkd u kd x f m;í *Pemenf;tm;jzihf tpOfreS pf mG a&wGurf o I nf owdNr&J m yxrmjzpf\/ em&Dtykid ;f tjcm; ESifh ur®|mef;tvkycf iG o f 0Ykd ifí ESv;kH oGi;f &m tyodYk cPcP xGuaf jy; aom pdwf0dwufudk csdK;zsufjcif;iSm *Pemenf;udk jyKvkyfonfjzpfí *Pemtcef;ü t&Snt f wdo k rd u I kd wriftm;xkwzf , G f r&Sad o;/ ]]oawm0 tóowd oawm0 yóowd}} [laom ygVdawmfjrwfEiS t fh nD xGuo f ufç 0ifoufü owdpNJG rJ í tyodkY cPcPxGufaom pdwf0dwufNidrf;rIudkom aumif;pGmNidrf; atmif tm;xkw&f m\/ xdaYk Mumihf t|uxmüA[d 0do#0dwuú0ad pä'H uwGm tómo yómom&r®aP owdoHxyew¬Ha,0 [d *Pem- [lí rdeNYf y/D *Pem? a&wGucf ef;rnfonf/ A[d? rdru d , kd t f *FgrSty tvGwf ü/ 0do#0dwuú0ad pä'?H b0tqufquf ysUH ESUH ajy;oGm;íaeaom pdwf 0dwuftvsO\ f jywfjcif;ud/k uwGm? jyKí/ tómo yómom&r®aP? rdrdudk,ft*FgrSjzpfaom xGufoufç 0ifouftm½Hkü/ owdwHxyew¬H a,0? owdukd ckid Nf rpJ mG xm;jcif;iSmomvQi/f a[mwd? jzpf\/ t"dymÜ ,f ay:Ny/D *Pemcef;Ny;D í tEkAE¨emcef;odYk a&mufaomtcgü]]'DCH 0g tóoaE¨m 'DCH tóomrDwd yZmemwd}} tp&Sdaom 'kw, d 0g& ygVdawmfjrwfESihftnD xd&mXmeü pdwfudk ckdifNrJpGmxm;rIESihfwuG t&SnftwdkodrIudkvnf; tpOfrSefpGmod atmif owdjyK&m\/ t&Snt f wdo k rd u I v kd nf; owdjyK&mü xGuo f ufç 0ifoufwu Ykd kd tpç tv,fç tqH;k tpOfvu kd í f wriftm½Hjk yK&onf r[kwf? pdwfudk xd&mXmeü cdkifNrJpGm xm;NrJxm;í t&Snftwdkudkvnf;

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo X The Commentary Reconciled with the Sutta It is now necessary to reconcile the method given in the Commentary with the Ana-pa-nasati Sutta. The counting stage, when the attention is fixed on the "point of touch" and the attempt is made to fix the attention on the breath by counting––this is the first stage of the first tetrad of the sutta. In this stage, the main work is to overcome the mind's habit of repeatedly wandering off from the object of attention to other objects, and it is for this purpose that the method of counting is adoped. The time is not yet ripe for perceiving the long and short breaths, but in accordance with the text of the sutta, "The yogi mindfully exhales an out-breath, and mindfully inhales an in-breath (sato va assasati, sato va passasati)." effort must be confined to keeping the attention fixed on the out-breath and in-breath. In this particular, the Commentary says: The sole function of counting is to cut short the wandering tendencies of the mind, acquired in the long series of previous rebirths, that makes it stray from inside the body to outside objects, and to keep the attention firmly fixed on the internal objects. of out-breath and in-breath (bahivisat. a vitakkavicchedam katva- assa-sapassa-sarammane sati- santhap anattham yeva hi ganana-). After the counting stage, when the connection stage is reached, effort must be put forth according to the second stage of the first tetrad, desribed thus in the text: "When a long outbreath is exhaled, he knows that he exhales a long out-breath; when a long in-breath is inhaled, he knows that he inhales a long in-breath (d1 gham. va- assasanto d1 gham. assasissam1 ti paja- nati, etc.)" Here, attention has to be fixed on the "spot of touch" and with the attention so fixed, the long and short breaths have to be perceived. In doing this, it is not necessary to trace the entire breath from beginning to end. All one must do, while keeping the attention fixed on the "spot of touch," is to make an additional endeavour to be aware of the length of the breaths that brush the "spot of touch." Long breaths the spot for a short period. The mind can become extremely expansive, and thus one can be aware of the long breaths and short breaths that go out

- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON A NAPANA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

awmfrlaom

yge'D- yeD-

NA DIPANI R FULNESS OF BREATHING y

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. tpOfreS pf mG odatmif igowdjyKrnf[k Oó[wpfcw k ;kd í jyK½rkH Qomwnf;/ &Snaf omtBurd rf mS xd&mXmeü xdcu kd rf w I m&Sn\ f / wdak omtBurd rf mS I o kd í d xdcu dk rf XI meü xdcu kd rf I wmwd\ k / xdcu kd cf suf wm&Snrf çI wmwdrk u t&Snt f wdu k kd od\/ pdw\ f Asmyg&rnfonf tvGeyf sUH ESUH Edik af om oabmowå&d adS om aMumihf xd&mXmeüyif pdu k í f xm;jim;aomfvnf; xd&mXmerS twGi;f ü xGuí f vmaom tvm;ç 0ifíoGm;aomtvm;rsm;onfvnf; tvdv k kd xifjrifvmvwH?h t&Snt f wdo k rd I pGNJ raJ omtcgü]]oAÁum,yÜ#o d aH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d oAÁum,yÜ#o d aH 0'D yóodómrDwd oduw © }d }/ [laom wwd,0g& ygVdawmfjrwfEiS t fh nD xd&mXmeü pdwu f kd cdik Nf rpJ mG pdu k x f m;í t&Snt f wdo k rd EI iS w fh uG xGuo f ufukd tpç tv,fç tqH;k tukev f ;kH xifvif;aprI? 0ifoufukd tpç tv,fç tqH;k tukev f ;kH xifvif;aprIukd txl;tm;xkw&f m\/ xGuo f ufvw T rf nf&cdS v hJ Qif trSwf rJhrvTwfrlí 0rf;wGif;üjzpfay:aom tprSpí xd&mXmewkdifatmif xGufoufoEÅmefudk pdwfüxif&Sm;atmifjyKí xGufoufvTwfrnf[k Oóm[jyKíjyKí vTw&f rnf/ xd&mXmerSpí 0rf;wGi;f ü qH;k &mXmewkid f atmif 0ifoufoEÅmefudk pdwfüxif&Sm;atmifjyKí 0ifouf½Irnf[k Oóm[jyKí ½I&rnf/ xdo k jYkd yK&müvnf; ESmoD;zsm;[kqt kd yfaom xd&mXmeü pdwu f kd ckid Nf rpJ mG xm;Nrx J m;íom Oóm[jyK&rnf/ xd&mXmeü pdwx f m;rIukd vTw G í f rvku d &f / xd&mXmudv k w T í f rvdu k af omfvnf; tpç tv,fç tqH;k tukev f ;kH xif&mS ;aprnf[al om Oóm[ESiw fh uG xd&mXmeü pdwu f pkd u kd f í xm;vQifyif wpwptm;jzihf xGufoufwdkYonf tpç tv,fç tqHk; tukev f ;kH vdv k kd xif&mS ;vmukev f wH?h tpç tv,fç tqH;k tukev f ;kH xifvif;pGm xifjrifaomtcgü]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H yóodómrDwd oduw © }d }/ [laom pwkw0¬ g&ygVdawmfjrwfEiS t hf nD tqihq f ihf ½ke&Yf if;rI \ csKyNf ird ;f jcif;? tqihq f iho f rd af rGUjcif; uG,af ysmufí oGm;Nyx D if&atmif odraf rGUjcif;odYk tvdt k avsmuf ra&mufco hJ nf&adS omf xdo k Ykd odraf rGUjcif; odaYk &mufatmif tm;xkwrf nf[al om Oóm[udjk yKíjyKí xGuo f ufç 0ifoufukd jzpfap&rnf/ trSww f rJh rjzpfap&m/

and come in even while keeping one's attention steadily fixed on the "spot of touch." When the long and short breaths have been clearly and distinctly perceived, effort has to be made to perceive the entire structure of each breath-the beginning, the middle, and the endeven while keeping the attention fixed on the "spot of touch," in accordance with the sutta statement, "While exhaling, he tries to perceived the entire out-breath- its beginning, middle, and end; while inhaling, he tries to perceive the entire in-breath- its beginning middle, and end (sabbaka-yappatisamved1 assa-sissam1 ti sikkhati, sabba-kayappatisam.vedi passasissa-m1 ti sikkhati)." When an out-breath is released, it must not be done unmindfully, but one must be fully aware of it right from its start within the body and follow it along its course until it reaches its end within the body at the "spot of touch," and it is with this added endeavour of being aware of it in its totality that the breath must be released. Similarlym, when an in-breath is inhaled, one must do so with awareness right from its start within the body at the "spot of touch" and follow it until it reaches its end at the navel within the body. While thus following the out-breath and in-breaths from beginning to end, the attention must be continually fixed on the "spot of touch." The breaths must not be followed from beginning to end by allowing the attention to leave the "spot of touch." If a resolute endeavour is made to follow the out-breath and inbrreaths and in-breaths without allowing the attention to leave the "spot of touch," then, even while the attention continues to be fixed on the "spot of touch," the form and shape of the outbreaths and in-breaths will gradully appear clearly in their entirely. When the beginning, middle, and end of the out-breaths and in-breaths have been clearly perceived, if the rough and coarse breaths do not become automatically calmed and allayed to the point of disappearance, then, in accordance with the text of the fourth section of the first tetrad of the sutta, where it is said, "As he exhales, he tries to allay and calm down the outbreath: as he inhales, he tries to allay and calm down the in-yasankha-ram assasissa-mit1- sikkhati, breath (passambhayam. ka . . passambhayam. ka-yasan kha-ram. passasissa-m1 ti sikkhati)," a

pmrsufESm 24 odkY

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

jrwfaomynm&Sdolonf tjrwfqHk;odkYa&mufí arGUavsmf&\ Winning the best rejoiceth [Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif jrwfaom*kPfw&m;ESihfjynhfpHkaom jrwfaom&wemoHk;yg;ESihfay;vSLwwfaom ynm&Sdaomewfjzpfap? vljzpfap? tjrwfqHk; od k Y a &muf o nf j zpf í arG U avsmf & \/ In best of Dhammas calmed, deva- become or human, Winning the best rejoiceth.

yom'ok w f

Best Faiths Monks, there are these four best faiths. What four? Monks, as compared with creatures, whether footless, bipeds, quardripeds, or those with many feet, with form or void of form, with sense or void of sense or indeterminate in sense, a Tathagata, an Arahant, a fully Enlightened One is reckoned best of them. They who have faith in the Buddha have faith in the best: of those who have faith in the best the result is best. Monks, as compared with things compounded, the Ariyam eightfold way is reckoned best of them. They who have faith the rein have faith in the best: of those who have faith in the best result in best. Monks, as compared with the things compounded or not compounded, freedom passion is reckoned best of them, to wit: the subduing of pride in self, the restraint of thirst, the removal of clinging, the cutting off of the base of rebirth, the destruction of craving, freedom from passion, ending, bibba-na. They who have faith in Dhamma (which is passionless) have faith in the best: of those who have faith in the best the result is best. Monks, as compared with orders and companies, the Order of a Tatha-gata's disciples is reckoned best, to wit: the four pairs of men, the eight types of men, that is, the Exalted One's Order of disciples. Worthy of honour are they, worthy of reverence, worthy of offerings, worthy of salutations with clasped hands, a field of merit unsurpassed for the world. Monks, they who have faith in the Order have faith in the best: of those who have faith in the best the result is best, These are the four faiths. Of those who have faith at its best, Who comprehand best Dhamma, Of those who have faith in the Buddha, Gift-worthy, unsurpassed: Of those who have faith in Dhamma,Passionless, calming, blissful: Of those who have faith in Order, The field of merit supreme: Of those who give gifts of their best The merit doth increase: Best is their life and beauty, Fame, good report, bliss, strength, The sage who give of his best, In best of dhammas calmed, Deva-become or human, Winning the best rejoiceth. . (Complete translation of the Anguttara-Nika-ya, The book of the Four, Chapter IV, Test II, the best Faith Sutta.) Hanthanwaddy-U Ohn Kyaing.

&[ef;wd?Yk tjrwfwüYkd MunfnKd jcif;wdo Yk nf þav;rsKd ;wdw Yk nf;/ tb,fav;rsKd ;wdw Yk nf;[lr-l &[ef;wd?Yk tajcr&Sad om owå0g? tajc ESpaf csmif;&Sad om owå0g? tajcav;acsmif;&Sad om owå0g? rsm;pGmaom tajc&Sad omowå0g? ½ky&f o dS wå0g? ½kyrf o hJ wå0g? onm&So d wå0g? onmrJh owå0g? ½ke&Yf iS ;f aom onmum;r&S?d odraf rGUaom onmr&So d nfr[kwf aom owå0gtm;vH;k wdx Yk uf? ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrx l u dk af om tvH;k pHk aom w&m;wdu Yk kd ud, k w f idk rf eS pf mG odawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;udk tjrwf qHk;[k qdkxkduf\/ &[ef;wdkY- jrwfpGmbk&m;ü MunfndKaomolwdkYonf tjrwfüMunfndKonf rnfukef\/ tjrwfü MunfndKaomolwdkYtm; jrwfaomtusdK;onfjzpf\/ &[ef;wd-Yk tjyKjyifcH ]]ocFw}} w&m;? tjyKjyifuif; ]]tocFw}} w&m;&So d rQwx Ykd uf &m*[laom ,pfjcif;uif;&m? &m*[laom rGwo f yd f jcif; y,fazsmuf&m? twG,ftwmudk y,fcGm&m? 0#f (jrpf) jywf&m wPSmuke&f m? uif;jywf&m? csKy&f m? Nird ;f at;&medAmÁ efukd tjrwfq;kH [k qdx k u kd \ f / &[ef;wd-Yk edAmÁ efw&m;ü MunfnKd aomolwo Ykd nf tjrwfü MunfnKd onfrnfuek \ f / tjrwfüMunfnKd aomolwt Ykd m; jrwfaomtusKd ; onf jzpf\/ &[ef;wd-Yk taygif; (oHCm)? *dP k ;f (*P) &So d rQwx Ykd uf? t&yf a0;rSaqmifvmíaomfvnf; ay;vSLylaZmf&efxu kd af om {nho f nfwYkd tvdiYk mS pDrx H m;aom0w¬Kuakd omfvnf; ay;vSLylaZmf&ef xdu k u f ek af om? wrvGet f wGuf &nfarQmaf omtvSLudk cHxu dk u f ek af om? vuftyk cf srD ;kd &Scd ;kd jcif;iSm xdu k u f ek af om owå0gtaygif;\ aumif;rIjyK&ef tjrwfq;kH vuf,majrjzpfukefaom? tpHktm;jzihf av;pHk? yk*¾dKvftm;jzihf &Spfyg; ta&twGu&f adS om jrwfpmG bk&m;\ wynho f m;oHCmudk tjrwfq;kH [k qdx k u dk yf gay\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ wynho f m;oHCmü MunfnKd aomolwYkd onf tjrwfü MunfndKonfrnfukef\/ tjrwfü MunfndKukefaom olwdkYtm; jrwfaomtusdK;onfjzpf\/ &[ef;wdkY tjrwfü MunfndKjcif; wdo Yk nf þav;rsKd ;wdyYk ifwnf;[k jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeaYf wmfr\ l / jrwfaom &wemoHk;yg;\*kPfudk odukefonfjzpfí tjrwf &wemoH k ; yg;ü pif p pf M unf n d K ol w d k Y t m;vnf ; aumif ; ? twk r &S d jrwfaomtvSLudk cHxu kd af om jrwfaom ]]bk&m;}}ü MunfnKd ukeaf om olwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? wyfrufjcif; ]]&m*}} uif;&m? Nidr;f at;&mjzpf aom? csrf;omaMumif;jzpfaom? jrwfaom ]]w&m;}}ü MunfndKukefol wdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? aumif;rIjyK&ef tjrwfqHk; v,fajrjzpfaom jrwfaom ]]oHCm}} ü MunfndKukefolwdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? tjrwf ]]&wemoHk;yg;}}ü tvSLudk ay;vSLolwdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? jrwfaom aumif;rIonf wd;k yGm;\/ jrwfaom touf&n S jf cif;onfvnf;aumif;? tqif;vSjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? ausmfapmjcif;onfvnf; aumif;? csrf;omjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? ud k , f t m;ÓPf t m;onf v nf ; aumif ; wd k ; yG m ;\/ jrwf a om*k P f arGUvsmf&av ownf;/ (q|oH*g,emwif yd#uwfawmf? t*Fkwå& w&m;ESihf jynhfpHkaom? &wemoHk;yg;tm; ay;vSLwwfaom? ynm&Sd edum,f0if okweå yf #d uwf? t*Fw k Kdå &fygVdawmf? pwkueú yd gwf? puú0*f? aom? ewfjzpfap? vljzpfap? tjrwfodkY a&mufonfjzpfí xdktjrwfü yom'okwfudk azmfjyygonf/) [Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdk Y ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom "ar®m0g'uxm

omoemawmfBuD; \ a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f (omoem jyKvkyfief;tydkif;) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) omoem0if a v;rsKd ; ,if;omoemjyKvyk if ef;ü 0ef x rf ; om;um; av;rsKd ; av;pm;rQyif &S d y gacs\/ ¤if;wdu Yk m;.. 1/ rdrdüom omoemwnfapí wpfyg;olrsm;ü omoem rwnfapolu wpfrsK;d ? 2/ wpfyg;olrsm;üom omoemwnfapí rdrüd um; omoem rwnfapolu wpfrsK;d ? 3/ rdrad &m wpfyg;olrsm;udyk g omoemwnfapolu wpfrsK;d ? 4/ rdrad &m wpfyg;olrsm;yg omoemrwnfapolu wpfrsK;d wnf;/ xdkwGif 1/ bk&m;tqH;k trawmfukd rdrüd om wnfapNy;D wpfyg;olrsm; tm; rjzefyY yYkd grlum; omoemawmfonf wnfvnf;wnf oefv Y nf;oefY odaYk omf jyefrY nfum; r[kwNf y/D 2/ wpfyg;olwcYkd sn;f om wnfapNy;D ¤if;ud, k w f ikd üf um; rwnf apygrl jyef½Y u kH m; jyefrY nfjzpfaomfvnf; wnfrnfum; r[kwNf y/D tu,f wdwd wnfaomfrv S nf; Munfjcif;oefjY cif;wdu Yk m; tvsO;f r&Sad wmhNy/D rSwcf su/f jyefrY nfqakd omfvnf; xdt k jyefo Y nf "r®0ed ,rsm; ESin fh aD om tajccHaumif; ryg&um; aumif;jyefjY yefrY nfum; r[kwaf wmh Ny/D txufyg 1-2 0efxrf;om;trsK;d tpm;wGif trSw(f 1)um; rdro d m usi-fh wnf-odNy;D olwpfyg;wdo Yk Ykd xyfqifh rjzefYavolwnf;/ trSwf(2) um; udk,fwdkifum; rusihf olwpfyg;wdkYudkom wpfqihfpum;wpfqihfMum;jzihf a[majymydkYcsqdkqHk;ravh&Sdolwnf;/ 3/ wpfzef rdru d , kd w f ikd f tusiv fh rf;aMumif;twdik ;f tqH;k xd vnf;oGm;MunhNf y;D Ny/D xdaYk emuf rdru d , kd w f ikd f aygufajrmufxm;aom vrf;aMumif; twdik ;f yif wpfyg;olrsm;tm;vnf; odr;f oGi;f qGaJ c:vsuu f oGm;aponfh 0efxrf;om;um; u/ omoemawmf oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,f&efvnf; wm0efco H nf/

c/ omoemawmfwnfwHhcdkifNrJap&efvnf; wm0efcHonf/ */ omoemawmf jyefyY mG ;pnfyif&efvnf; wm0efco H nf/ 4/ rdrv d nf; omoemawmfo;kH &yf tqihq f ifx h yfvsuu f or®m y#dywf tusijfh rwfoYkd csO;f uyfjcif;vnf;r&S?D wpfyg;oltm;vnf; tm;ay; jcif;? wdu k w f eG ;f jcif;? a&SUaqmifvrf;jyjcif;vnf; tvsO;f r&Sad om0efxrf; [eftrnfcH½HkrQum; ¤if;xHü omoemwnf½HkrQyif rwnfNyD/ rwnf aomf oef&Y efjyef&Y efum; pOf;pm;zdyYk if rvdNk y/D þum; 0efxrf;avmu\ tvTmav;rsK;d wnf;/ Bud K uf & ma&G ; jyK wpf c k c k td.k ...0efxrf;om; omoemawmfonf oihv f ufxrJ mS om wnf&adS eygonf/ a&S;ola[mif;BuD;rsm;u oihfvufxJodkY omoemawmfBuD; tyfEx HS m;cJyh gonf/ odaYk Mumihf omoemawmf\ aumif;usK;d onf oihv f ufxrJ mS om&Sad eygonf/ k ay: omoemawmf\ aumif;raumi;fonfum; oifwpfct rSmom wnfaeygonf/ tu,fwdwd oihfaMumihfomoemawmfBuD;aumif;pm;vm aomf.... 1/ omoemawmfBu;D onfvnf; aumif;usK;d a0qm ya'omyif BuD;yrmjzpfvmygrnf/ 2/ oifonfvnf; omoemawmfBu;D toD;tyGifh toiho f ;kH aqmifcGihf&vmaprnf/ 3/ olonfvnf; omoemawmfBuD;\ toD;tyGihf toifh oHk;aqmifcGifhomapygrnf/ tu,fww d d oihaf Mumihf omoemawmfBu;D ysujf ym;oGm;yg aomfum; oH;k zufpvH;k toH;k rus rsK;d qH;k b0odYk r½IrvSBu;D cHpm;Mu&yg awmhrnf/ td.k ..0efxrf;om; Yk iG f oifonf txufu jyqdck NhJ y;D aom 0efxrf;om;av;rsK;d wdw u/ tu,fww d d oihaf emuf0,f ud, k w f iG ;f omoem wnfav ol ta`c&G aH umif;rsm; rxGe;f um;cJyh gaomf trSw(f 1) twdik ;f wpfu, kd f wnf;wnf; {upm&Db0jzihf trsm;aumif;pm;a&; a&S;½Iaqmif&Gufyg

DHAMMA TALKS

]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/ cGihf &apcJh\/ av/ rSwfcsuf/ / rdr\ d twdwu f 0H #fa<u;aMumihf cH&rnfh ab; c/ tu,fww d d oihaf emuf0,f ud, k w f iG ;f omoemwnfav ol ta`c&G aH umif;rsm; xGe;f um;cJyh grl trSwf (3) twdik ;f aemufvu kd f rdrd\ twdwfuHpk aumif;rIpkAl;pkrI jyKrxm;aom aumif;usKd;rsKd;rsm; udk xdx k q kd &mawmfBu;D rsm;u wm0efrcHEikd /f aemufygrsm;jzihf trsm;aumif;pm;a&; a&S;½Iaqmif&u G yf gav/ bk&m;ausmi;f'umBuD; ArdÁom&axmifoGif;tusOf;cscH& rSwcf su/f / trSw(f 1) omoemjyKenf;um; twGi;f omoem z0g;"m;cG p J Ofumvonfum; bk&m;&Si\ f rsupf ad tmufü yifwnf;/ jyKenf;jzpfNy;D trSw(f 3) omoemjyKenf;um; jyifyomoemyg jyKenf; bk&m;aqGawmfrsK;d awmfrsm; 0d##Lyrif;om; owfjzwfpOf umv yif/ xdkjyifyomoemjyK&mü a0ae,stoD;toD;\ vlrsKd;pHk? "avhpHk? f rsupf ad tmufüyifwnf;/ p½ku d pf ?kH ÓOfprkH sm;ESifh xdyw f u kd w f ;kd rdrnfjzpf&um; ZG&J o dS nf;cH ÓOfrxef onfvnf; bk&m;&Si\ pifppf rdrdapwem\ wHkYjyefrIudk vSefjyefí rnfonfhbk&m; rS jzpfEidk o f nf/ rnfonfo h mo0u tpm;tpmwdu Yk rQ ESrd v hf nf; eSrd rhf ay;Ekid ?f jri§ v fh nf; xdkwGif j r i § r f h ay;Ek i k d o f nf u k d txuf y gwd u Y k k d axmuf í oabmayguf c y h J gav/ u/ trSwf(1) omoemjyKenf;twdkif;yif omoem? rdrd? wpfzef trSw(f 3) omoemjyKenf;twdik ;f jzihf omoem? rdrd olwpfyg; oH;k yg;pHk aumif;pm;a&; a&S;½Iaom omoemjyKvyk if ef;um; olwpfyg; oH;k yg;pHk tukeaf umif;pm;a&; a&S;½IaomomoemjyKvyk if ef; rdrEd iS hf y|mef;quf ruif;&maom bk&m;&Si\ f a0ae,swu Ykd .kd .. Yk jyif omoemtwGuf rsK;d quf 1/ rjzpfymG ;oiho f nhaf b;&efrsm;rjzpfymG ;ap&ef tumtuG,f um; txufygtusK;d xl;w&m;ESpyf g;wdt opfrsm;udyk g &apEkid \ f / r[mpnfq&mawmf? rd;k ukwq f &mawmfwu Ykd kd ay;jcif;/ Munh f . .. 2/ jzpfymG ;oihyf gvsuf ryGix fh eG ;f vmaom pD;yGm;rsm; yGix fh eG ;f igwdaYk cwf rsujf rifjzpfcahJ om xdq k &mawmfBu;D rsm;\ acwf &ef azmfxkwfay;jcif; H &Haumif;? aemufvu dk af umif;rsm;jzihf omoemrsK;d quf okw k f þtusKd;xl;w&m;ESpfyg;wdkYudk &apEkdif\/ omoemawmf 0,ftNct k nf; arG;xkwaf y;cJMh u\/ ¤if;wdYk arG;xkwaf y;cJMh uaom rsK;d qufrsm; twGufrSmrlum; rsKd;qufopf r&&Sd&um; aywpfoD;usD;wpfom;yrm udv fh yl iG fh oD;olo;D &iho f &l ihjf zifh tajcwifv h su&f MdS uacsNy/D wnf;/ xdk omoemjyKrsKd; igwdkYacwf rsufjrifjzpfcJhaom oydwftdkif ,aeY yGio oif o nf ouf a wmf i g;q,f a e&mrS a eí wpfq,hfig;ESpf q&mawmf? yckuLú q&mawmfO;D Munfwu Ykd vufawGUjyocJah vNy/D om;orD;av;rsm;odYk omoemhtarGawmf jzefaY 0ydaYk eygonfqykd gtHh xdkq&mawmfrsm;\ acwf0,f.... xko d nfu h av;rsm;Mum; omoemwnfomG ;cJah omf ¤if;wd\ Yk ud, k w f iG ;f omoem\ t&Sed t f 0g\½du k cf wfrI aMumihf omoemawmfBu;D um; oihaf emuf oH;k q,fih g;ESpt f xd t"GeYf h / t&Sed o f wd\ å tiftm;rsm;ESifh nDrQaom omoemvnf; xGe;f um;cJ\ f mG ;apygrnf/ tu,fww d .d .... ¤if;wdEYk iS fh qufpyfywfoufvsu&f adS om a0ae,srsm;vnf; OHKrcH rEÅmef &Sno xd u k av;rs m ;\ ouf wrf;um; oihx f ufrsm; uH&edS w f ufojzihf r&GwfyGm;&ygbJvsufu S yf grlum; xdt k ydak Mu;rsm;vnf; xyfaqmif;ay;ygOD;rnf/ u/ Zmwmpef;v*f nHhoufcsdef jzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom tarSmif toufy&kd n okyYd gaomaMumih.f .. ab;&efrsm; xdq k &mawmfBu;D rsm;\ oDvarwåmtm;aMumihf uG,yf oGm; rdrad tmuf oufwrf;i,fav omoemrsK;d quf touf&n S f jcif;? k Ykd t"Ge&Yf n S v f mjcif;onf c/ uHq;kd uH,w k w f Ykd jrK§ yx f m;rIaMumihf jrKyaf eaom ykaAÁp uw av rSw&f acsrnf/ ppfreS af om omoemxdo t&d , m rqd w o f O k ; f j c if ; tvS L cH a umif ; ud k &j c if ; rs m ;twG u f tmrcHcsuf yknwmpuf\ aumif;usK;d aumif;quf aumif;uGurf sm;vnf; xdq k &m (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) awmfBu;D \ oDvarwåmtm;jzihyf if zGiafh y;jcif;? xdt k usK;d xl;rsm; cHpm; wnf;/ pmrsufESm 21 odkY special additional endeavour must be made to make them gentler and gentler, and this must be pursued with resolution, not left unmindfully to take its own course. In the method given in the Commentary, however, it is stated that the out-breaths and in-breaths become calmed down and allayed of their own accord even from the stage of counting, and in my own experience, I have come across persons whose breaths have automatically disappeared. In this particular, this is what the Commentary says: From the time of effort according to the method of counting, in due course, when through the coarse out-breaths and inbreaths becoming calmed down and allayed, the anxieties and cares of the body become tranquillized, both body and mind become light, and the physical body rises in space. (Ganana vasen' eve pana manasikarakalato pabhuti anukkamato ola rika-assa sapassa sa nirodhavasena ka yadarathe vyupasante kayopi cittampi lahukam. hot. Sariram. - - akase langhanakarappattam. viya hoti.) I have known people whose bodies have risen about the height of four finger's breath in the air.

When this stage is reached where the out-breaths and in-breaths disappear, then, without taking the attention off the "spot in touch" an attempt must be made to percieve the disappeared out-breaths and in-breaths. When they are perceived again clearly, the counterpart sign (pat.ibhaga-nimitta) appears. At that stage, the mental hindrances such as fear, dread, sleepingness, indolence, etc. are overcome, and the access to jhana is attained. ends the reconciliation between the Commentary -This - and the Anapanasati Sutta. This also ends the account of the counting, connection, and fixing (gan.ana, anubhandha na, t.hapana) methods of the Commentary, where seven stages are fiven, viz., counting, connection, touching, fixing, observing, turning away, and purification (gan.ana, anubandhana, phusana, t.hapana, sallakkhan.a , vivat.t.ana, and parisuddhi). The first tetrad is the main and essential stage. At the present day, if work in the first tetrad is successfully accomplished, one can procceed to tranquillity (samatha) and in-sight (vipassana) as one desires. Here ends the first tetrad. (To Be Continued)

COVER SPECIAL FEATURES ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/ rsufESmzkH;rS oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eYwiG f vljY ynfoYkd jyef<uvmonfudk taMumif;jyKvsuf oDwif;uRwfv jynhfaeYwGif ]]tbd"r®mtcgawmfaeY}} tcrf;tem; obifrsm;ukd ,aeYwidk f qif,ifusi;f yMuonf/ jrwfAk'¨\ wm0wd Hom tbd"r®mw&m;yGJBuD; okH;avmuxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf odu©mawmf ajcmuf0gtvGef ckepf0gta&muf r[mouú&mZf 109 ckES p f w G i f wm0wd Homewfjynf yifv,fuopfyif&if; y@KurÁvmausmufzsm ae&mxufü r,fawmfred wfom;ukd aus;Zl;qyfvadk om &nf&, G cf sujf zihf ewfjA[®mtaygif;wdt Yk m; þ ]]tbd"r®ma'oemawmf}} udk a[mMum; awmfro l nf/ þodYk a[mMum;awmfr&l mü tcsed t f m;jzihf 0gwGi;f ok;H v ywfv;Hk &ufaygif; 90 Mumatmif a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/ tb,faMumihf vlYjynfü ra[mMum;ygoenf; tbd"r®ma'oemawmfonf okwåefa'oem? 0denf;a'oem awmfrsm;uJhodkY vlwdkY\tcsdefumvtm;jzihf wpfaeYwpf&ufwmtwGif;ü tptv,ftqkH; tjynhftpkHjzihf NyD;qkH;atmif þvlYjynfvlYavmuü a[mMum;írjzpfyg/ tbd"r®mw&m;\ &Snv f sm;aom a'oemtpOfudk vlom;rsm;onf £&d,mykww f pfcw k nf;jzihf Ny;D qk;H atmif em,lEidk af om pGrf;&nfr&Sdyg/ wu,fawmh vlwdkYavmu0gwGif; okH;vumvonf wm0wd HomewfwdkY\ tcsdefumvtwkdif;twmt& wpfcPrQom jzpfygonf/ þodkYaom taMumif;rsm;aMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifwkdif; tbd " r® w &m;awmf u k d vl Y j ynf ü a[mMum;awmf r rl b J ewf j ynf ewfavmuüom a[mMum;awmfrlMujcif;jzpfygonf/ vlYjynfodkY qGrf;cH<uí vlYqGrf;udkom rSD0Jonf tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk 0gwGi;f ok;H vumvywfv;Hk a[mMum; awmfrlpOf vlom;pifppfjzpfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ewfwdkY\ tm[m&ukd rrSD0JbJ vlYjynhfvlY&Gm ajrmufuRef;odkY qGrf;cHNyD;vQif vlYtm[m&ukdom rSD0JokH;aqmifawmfrlygonf/ yuwdjrwfpGmbk&m; vljY ynfoYkd qGr;f cH<uaomtcg tbd"r®mw&m; a[mMum;jcif;ukd &yfqidk ;f rxm;bJ yuwdjrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfpm; wefckd;awmfjzihf zefqif; xm;aom edrw d® bk&m;&Siu f qufí a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ajrmufuRe;f rS cH,v l maomqGr;f ukd [dr0EÅmpE´u;l awmü oDwif;okH;aeaom t&Sifom&dykwå&mxHwGif bkOf;ay;awmfrlNyD; xkdaeY twGuf wm0wd o H mü a[mMum;awmfral om tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk tusO;f enf;jzihf a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ tbd " r® m w&m; a[mMum;yk H a [mMum;enf ; (3)rsKd ; tqkyd g tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd a[mMum;ykH a[mMum;enf; ok;H rsK;d wkjYd zihf jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/ (u) wm0wd Homewfjynfü ewfjA[®mwdkYtm; tus,fzGihfqkdenf;jzihf a[mMum;ygonf/ (c) pE´u;l awmü t&Sio f m&dyw k &å mtm; tusO;f enf;jzihf a[mMum;awmf rlygonf/ (*) t&Sio f m&dyw k &å mrax&fu rZÑrd a'oodYk aqmif,v l mNy;D wynhf &[ef;rsm; (vif;Eko Yd m;jzpfczhJ ;l aom &[ef; 500) tm; rusO;f rus,f tv,ftvwfenf;jzihf wqihjf yefvnfí a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/ t&S i f o m&d y k w å & mrax&f j rwf B uD ; aus;Zl ; ,aeYtxd &[ef;&Siv f l jynfot l aygif;wdYk tbd"r®ma'oem

awmfukd oif,al vhvm qnf;yl;cGi&fh &Sad eMuonfrmS t&Sio f m&dyw k &å m rax&fjrwfBuD;\ aus;Zl;w&m;aMumihfjzpfygonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f a[mMum;awmf r l a om ok w f ? 0d e nf ; ? tbd " r® m a'oemawmf w d k Y u k d t&S i f t meE´ m ? t&S i f O ygvd ? t&S i f om&dyw k &å m? t&Sijf rwfBu;D wdYk q&mtpOf wynht f qufquf onfy;dk xrf;aqmifawmfrcl MhJ uonft h wGuf ,aeYrsuaf rSmufumvxdwikd af tmif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ omoemawmfjrwfBuD; xGef;awmufpnfum;vsuf &Sdaejcif;jzpfygonf/ tbd"r®mukdtaMumif;jyKí oDwif;uRwfyGJqifETJMuykH oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;onf tbd"r®mw&m;ukd 0gwGif;okH;v a[mMum;awmfr&l m oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eYwiG f Ny;D qk;H Ny;D aemuf vljY ynf ouFóe*kjd ynfoYdk jyefvnfqif;oufawmfryl gonf/ ewfjynfrS vljY ynfoYkd qif;ouf&mwGif vku d yf gvmMuukeaf om ewfy&dowfrsm;u vusfmbufa&Tapmif;wef;rS vnf;aumif;? jA[®m y&dowfrsm;u vuf0b J uf aiGapmif;wef;rSvnf;aumif;? jrwfpmG bk&m; ocifu tv,fA[kd ywåjrm;apmif;wef;rSvnf;aumif; oufqif;awmf rlygonf/ rmwvdewfom;u jrwfpmG bk&m;\teD;? 0JbufawmfrS cpm; vkdufygNyD; yÍöoDcewfom;u apmif;wD;ylaZmf&if; vkdufygMuygonf/ odMum;rif;u jrwfpGmbk&m;\aemufawmfyg;rS xD;rkd;&if;vkdufygNyD; ok,mrewfom;u ,yfcwfum vku d yf gvmMuygonf/ Ak'¨toa&awmfukd zl;awGU&olwkdif; aAm"dqkyefMujcif; xkdtcsdef xkdtcgu jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ a&mifjcnfawmf ajcmufo, G pf Hk uGejYf rL;vsuf tvGet f usL; xl;uJvpS mG aom Ak't ¨ oa& awmfudk zl;awGU&olwidk ;f aAm"dqBk u;D ukd yefqifMuuke\ f / ra&rwGuEf idk f uka#aygif;rsm;pGmaom vlwo Ykd nfvnf; uRww f rf;0if&ef qkawmif;Mu ukef\/ rD;xGef;yGJawmftp ouFóe*kdjynfu jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif wm0wd o H mewfjynfrS ouFóe*djk ynfoYkd qif;ouf<ujref;awmfrpl Of rD;½SL;wefaqmif tvif;a&mifwjYkd zihf xGe;f n§d yl a Zmf M uonh f x k H ; uk d ES v k H ; rl í aES m if ; acwf Ak ' ¨ b mom0if w d k Y u oDwif;uRwcf sed w f iG f jrif;rkrd ;D yGJ qifEu JT si;f yjcif;jzpfygonf/ oDwif;uRwfvjynhf tbd"r®m tcgawmfaeY oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eYudk tbd"r®mtcgawmfaeY usi;f y&jcif; taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm(1) tbd"r®ma'oemawmfukd ewfjynfü ewfy&dowfrsm;ukd tus,f a[mMum;í Ny;D qk;H jcif;onfvnf; oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eY/ (2) pE´ul;awmü t&Sifom&dykwå&mtm; tusOf;a[mMum;NyD;qkH;jcif; onfvnf; oDwif;uRwv f jynhaf eY/ (3) t&Sifom&dykwå&mu wynhf&[ef;ig;&mwdkYtm; rusOf;rus,f tv,ftvwfenf;jzihf oifMum;ydkYcsí NyD;qkH;jcif;onfvnf; oDwif; uRwfvjynhfaeYjzpfaomaMumihf jzpfygonf/ þodaYk om taMumif;tcsuw f u Ykd &dk nfNy;D oDwif;uRwv f jynhf aeYudk tbd"r®mtcgawmfaeYtjzpf usif;yaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ okwåefxuf omvGefxl;jrwfaom tbd"r®mw&m; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfral om okw?f 0denf;? tbd"r®m wnf;[laom a'oemawmfwiG f okweå af 'oemwdx Yk uf omvGex f ;l jrwf aom w&m;jzpfí ]]tbd"r®m}} [k ac:qkyd gonf/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURES

umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/

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edAÁmefvrf;udk &SmazGolrsm; OD;cifaqG (Adkvfwaxmif)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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t&mvJ yka&m[dwBf u;D }} ]]oAÁow,Zf qko d nfrmS qifwpf&m? jrif;wpf&m? EGm;vm;Oobwpf&m? qdww f pf&m? jrif;wpf&m? tmZmenfjrif;wpf&m? Muufwpf&m? 0ufwpf&m? owdo Yk m;i,fwpf&m? owko Yd rD;i,f wpf&m ponfjzihf owå0gwkid ;f owå0gwdik ;f &JU wpf&mpD wpf&mpDukd zrf;,lNyD; olwdkY&JUvnf acsmif;aoG;jzihf ,ZfylaZmf&rSmjzpfaMumif;yg bk&m;}} yka&m[dwf ykPmÖ ;Bu;D \avQmufwif csut f wdik ;f aumovrif;Bu;D onf ,Zfyal Zmf &ef pwifppD Ofavonf/ owå0gaygif;rsm;pGm\ toufukdowfNyD;rSom rdrdtouftEÅ&m,f uif;a0;apEkdifrnfqkdonhf ,Mwm twGuf aumovrif;BuD;onf yka&m[dwfykPÖm;BuD; ckid ;f aponht f wkid ;f owå0grsm;? vlrsm;ukd zrf;qD; apavonf/ xk d t cg om0w¦ d j ynf w pf 0 ef ; vk H ; atmf[pfiadk <u;qlno H ?H yGuaf vmnHum ajy; Mu vTm;MuESifh wkid ;f jynfysuo f nhyf rm jzpfae avonf/ trSepf ifppf aumovrif;Bu;D Mum; &aom toHeufBuD;rsm;\ jzpfay:vm&if; taMumif;rSerf mS xk d a vm[uk r Ç D i &J t k d ; BuD ; twG i f ; usa&muf & onh f o l r sm;rS m ol w pf y g;\

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ om,maomtdrfaxmifa&;ukd zsufqD;um rdom;pkz½kdz&J NyKduGJysufpD;oGm;apolrsm;/ bk & m;rod ? w&m;r&S d y&'g&uH usL;vGefolrsm;/ xkduJhodkYaom tukokdvf rsm;ukdom usL;vGefolrsm;vm;&m i&J jzpf onf / xkduJhodkY y&'g&uH usL;vGefolrsm; twGuf cE¨mukd,fwpfckvkH; qDyltkd;xJ epfjr§Kyf vsuf aovkarsmyg; tjyif;xefq;Hk ylavmifrI 'kuu © dk wefjyefcpH m;&avonf/ xkad vm[ukrDÇ i&Jtkd;twGif; usa&mufaeMu&olrsm;onf vlwdkYoufwrf;tm;jzihf tESpfokH;aomif;MumrS xkdyGufyGufqlaeaom i&Jtkd;\atmufajcokdY a&muf&SdNyD; aemufxyftESpfokH;aomif;MumrS om i&Jt;dk \EIwcf rf;0odYk a&muf&v dS mMu&\/ toGm;tjyef ESpfaygif;ajcmufaomif;cefYMum avonf/ xkdtcsdefu avm[ukrÇDi&JodkY us a&mufvsuf&Sdaom olaX;om;av;OD;&Sdav onf/ xko d al X;om;av;a,mufrmS i&Jt;dk \ EIwfcrf;0odkY ay:vmcsdefwGif wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; pum;ajymcsiyf gaomfvnf; Ny;D qk;H atmif pum; ajymqkcd iG rfh &Mu/ acwåcPom i&Jt;dk EIwcf rf; 0okdY wufcJh&onhftwGuf rdrdwdkYajymMum;vdk aom pum;rsm;\]tp} pum;vkH; 'k-o-eaom [laom pum;vk;H wpfv;Hk pDuo dk m ajym Mum;cGi&fh &SMd uNy;D vQif jyefvnfí epfjrKyo f mG ;Ny;D

avm[ukrÇDi&Jtkd;BuD;xJü qufvufi&Jus 'k u © c H M u&avonf / rd r d w k d Y j yKvk y f c J h a om tukov kd u f \ H wefjyeftusK;d ay;rIrmS tvGeyf if aMumufp&maumif;vSygawmhonf/ aumovrif;BuD;Mum;vkduf&onhf toHav;oHrSm xkdolaX;om;av;a,muf\ atmf[pfoo H m jzpfavonf/ trSeu f dk rodol yka&m[dwfykPÖm;\ rSm;,Gif;aom,lqcsuf aMumihf wkid ;f jynftwGi;f 0,f rdrw d yYkd wfouf&m aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;ukd zrf;qD;cH&onhftwGuf atmf[pfiadk <u; qlnv H suf &Sad eavonf/ xkdtoHrsm;udk rv’duma'0D rdzk&m; BuD; Mum;NyD; taMumif;&if;udk ar;jref;Munhf aomtcg ,Mwmacs&eftwGuf toufaygif; rsm;pGmukd paw;awmhrnfjzpfaMumif; odvu dk f &aom rvdu ’ ma'0Drzd &k m;Bu;D u]]t&Sifrif;BuD;onf vGefpGmrkdufrJ awG a 0vS y gbd ? t&S i f r if ; BuD ; onf aeY p Of rGejf rwfaom [if;vsmrsm;udk pDrcH sujf yKwx f m; aom ]wpfacgb} csurf Qaom yGaJ wmfpmxrif; ukd pm;okH;NyD; tpm;BuD;oavmuf pOf;pm; qifjcifrIw&m; enf;yg;vSygayonf/ rsm;pGm aom owå0gtaygif;wd\ Yk toufuo kd wfNy;D rS rdrd\touftEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rnf[laom t,ltqukd t&Sifrif;BuD;onf rnfodkYaom pdwfcHpm;rIjzihf ,kHMunfawmfrlygoenf;}} [k jypfwifajymqkdavonf/

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vrif;[m w&Hrvwf urÇmudk ywfvaYkd e / / urÇm[m w&Hrvwf aerif;udk ywfvaYkd e / aepMu0Vm[m w&Hrvwf *vufqMD u,fpak 0;Bu;D xJrmS ywfajy;ae // *vufqMD u,fpak 0;Bu;D [m w&HrvwfA[dck suu f ywfajy;ae/ / oifch E¨mud, k x f rJ mS w&Hrvwf qJvaf wG ajy;vTm;ae/ qJvaf wGxrJ mS tDvufx&Geaf wG[mA[dck suEf sLx&Geu f kd ywfajy;ae/ w&Hrvwf qJvfawGjzpfyGm;ae/ w&Hrvwf qJvaf wG ysuo f Ok ;f ae/ Oyg'fç |Dç bif jzpf? wnf? ysufae 0,"r®m ocFg&mvdYk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;cJah y ocFga&/ rif; e&dE ´m

xkdtcsdefu om0w¦djynf aZw0ef ausmif;awmfwGif ewfESihfwuG vltaygif;wdkY xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGeí f wkbufuif; ÓPfynm&Sif a*gwrAk'¨ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif oDwif;ok;H aexkid af wmfro l nhf tcsed t f cg jzpfyg onf/ a,mif&rf;rSe;f q trSew f &m;udrk od? rqDavQmfonhf t,ltqrSm;udk vufrcH&ef &Si;f vif;ajymjyNy;D vQi-f ]]t&Sifrif;BuD; owå0gtaygif;wdkY\ ukd;uG,ftm;xm;&mtrSefjzpfaom Ak'¨jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sif xif&mS ;&Syd gonf/ twdw?f tem*wf? ypöKyeÜ f umvok;H yg;ukd ydwu f , G w f m;qD;jcif; r&S?d jzpforQtvkH;pkHukd ukd,fawmfwkdif odjrifawmf rlaom bk&m;&SifxH oGm;a&mufar;jref;rSom trSew f &m;ukd odjrifEidk yf gvdrrhf nf}} [k bk&if aumovrif ; tm; bk & m;&S i f x H oG m ;&ef wku d w f eG ;f ajymqkad vawmhonf/ rv’ d u ma'0D r d z k & m;BuD ; taeES i h f owå0gtm;vk;H toufcsr;f omrIukd &&Sad pa&; a&S;½Ivsuf 'k- o- e- aom toHBu;D av;oH \ taMumif;&if;rSeu f dk &Si;f vif;a[mMum;ay; Ekdif&ef rif;? rdzk&m;ESpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif xHawmfarSmufoYkd ta&mufomG ;Muavonf/ oufydkifNidrf;(½ku©aA') quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf

Udaya-Vaya Moon always rounds the earth. The earth always rounds the sun. The solar system always runs around in the Galaxy. The Galaxy always runs around from the centre. Cell are running in your body. In your body, the eletron is always running around the mucleus which is centre. Cells are always becoming, Cells are always running. Upat, Ht1-, Bin, becoming, steady and running Our lord taught that Vayadhamma- sinkha-ra-.

Min Nareinder

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk avhvmylaZmfjcif; (8) armifrsdK;xGef; (jrif;NcH) uReaf wmf\rdwaf qGuajym\/ apwD awmfawGrmS za,mif;wdik rf ;D ylazmfwm? tarT; wdik f ylaZmfwmawGawGUawmh pOf;pm;rdw,fAs/ tJ'g tvif;a&mifrvkdbJ za,mif;wdkifrD;udk jzKef;wD;aewmbJ? tarT;wdkifylaZmfwm[mvJ rmvm*E¨odu©myk'fusdK;atmif vkyfaewmyJ? 'gawG ]]rvkyo f ihb f ;l }} vdYk jrifw,fAs[k qdyk g\/ uReaf wmfu tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd toH;k csynmtjrifeYJ avhvmprf;yg/ pdww f ikd ;f eJY ,SOw f hJ apwoduf (7) vH;k xJu a,medaom reoDum&- oihfwihfaom ESvHk;oGif;rI[m ta&;BuD;wm awGUygvdrhfr,f/ rdwfaqGBuD;&JU tawG;eJY ESv;kH oGi;f rIu rvkyo f ihq f w kd hJ tqd;k jrif oufoufeJY½IjrifwJh oabmyJ/ vkyfoihfwJh ½Iaxmihfuvnf; jyefcsdefxdk;MunhfzdkYvdkw,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/ xdt k cg rdwaf qGBu;D u vkyo f ihw f hJ ½Iaxmifb h ufu &Si;f jyygOD;Asm[k uReaf wmftm; tqdkjyKvmygawmhonf/ xdt k cg uReaf wmft h aejzihf ESv;kH oGi;f rSefrIay: tajccHí ukodkvfjzpfEdkifaMumif; wifjy&yg\/ za,mif;wpfwikd ?f tarT;wpfwikd f udk qif;&Jom;? vlvwfwef;pm;? uav;? vlBu;D tm;vHk;twGuf apwDawmf½kyfyGm;awmfwdkYudk vSL&efrcufcaJ om 'gejzpfyg\/ þtvSLonf uav;rsm;udk i,fpOfuyif 'getavhtx ukov kd rf u I kd pGNJ raJ pyg\/ þtajccHuo k v dk rf u I kd t&if;jyKí raumif;rIa&Smif? aumif;rIa&Smifap aom oDveJjY ynhpf akH p&ef taxmuftyHjh zpfyg ap\/ xdx Yk uf ÓPf&ifv h maomtcg bm0em ÓPfuykd g taxmuftyHjh zpfapyg\/ xdx Yk uf ÓPf & ih f v maomtcg bm0emÓPf u d k y g taxmuftuljyKaom ESv;kH oGi;f rIukd jzpfapyg w,f[k twdNk cKH ;í &Si;f jyyg\/ uReaf wmf\rdwaf qGBu;D u cifAsm;&JU aqG;aEG;csuu f oG,0f u kd Nf y;D oufaojyaewm As/ uReaf wmf&UJ tqdek YJ wdu k ½f u kd rf xdao;bl;[k ajymvmyg\/ xdktcg uRefawmfu 'gqdkvJ cifAsm;&JUaqG;aEG;csuef YJ wdu k ½f u kd o f ufa&mufwhJ tajzudk ESvHk;oGif;rSefrSefpOf;pm;NyD; avhvmzdkY &Si;f jyyghr,fAsm[k yPmrtm;jzihf ajym&yg\/ cifAsm;&JUaqG;aEG;csurf mS za,mif;wdik f rD; ylaZmfwm[m tvif;wdik rf vdb k J za,mif;wdik f rD;udk NzKe;f wD;aewmvdYk qdx k m;w,fr[kwv f m;/ cifAsm;ajymwJt h vif;a&mifqw kd m aea&mif&vdYk

k o hJ bm0tvif;a&mif vif;aewJah e&mrSm rvdw udk qdv k w kd myg/ tJ'o D abmt&qd&k ifawmh tydk tvif ; a&mif j zpf a evd k Y rvd k w mrS e f y gw,f / 'gayr,hf za,mif;wdkifrD;udkMunhfNyD; &EdkifwJh ÓPftvif;a&mifudkawmh cifAsm;ESvHk;oGif;rI (a,medaomreoDum&) vdak ewm trSeyf v J Ykd ajymcsiyf gw,f/ bmaMumifv h q J akd wmh za,mif; wdik rf mS rmoabm? aysmo h abm&Sv d Ykd yx0D"mwf? za,mif;&nfzUJG pnf;rI ,dpk ;D rI&v dS Ykd tmayg"mwf? rD ; "mwf t yl r rsm;rD za,mif ; wd k i f r S m tat;"mwf&NdS y;D ? rD;tyl"mwf&vQif yl"mwfwhJ oabm0wd k Y a Mumih f awaZm"mwf & S d w ,f / za,mif;wdkif\tat;oabmudkaxmufulwJh avat;"mwf? za,mif;wkdif\tyloabmudk taxmuftuljyKwhJ av"mwfqw kd hJ "mwfav;yg; &Sw d ,fvYkd Ak't ¨ qH;k trudk tqihjf rihjf rihcf , H x l m; ol[m ½Iwwf? jrifwwf? ESv;kH oGi;f wwfw,fAs/ 'D"mwfav;yg;oabm[m vlvo Ykd ad e wJh bk&m;zl;aeoltm;vH;k rSmvJ &Sad eMuw,fvYkd wlnDaom"mwfoabmudkvJ ,SOfawG;EdkifpGrf; &S d y gw,f / tJ ' D " mwf (4) yg;eJ Y zG J U xm;wJ h obm0za,mif ; wd k i f u d k rD ; ½d I U xG e f ; vif ; csd e f upNyD ; tvif ; a&mif j zpf N yD ; za,mif ; wd k i f t&nfaysmfNyD; ysufaewm qifjcifrdrSmyg/ xdt Yk wlyJ vlqw kd "hJ mwf (4) yg; oabm[mvJ arG;prSpí Zd&PawaZm\ avmifuRrf;rI aMumihf &ihaf &mftrkd if;vmvdu k u f m bk&m;ay:rSm t&G , f p H k & S d w J h bk & m;zl ; vl o wå 0 gwd k Y u d k

,SOfMunhfNyD; oHa0*ÓPfjzpfapEdkifygw,f/ a[m- ½Iae&if;yJ za,mif;wdik rf ;D Nird ;f oGm;jyef awmh? tvif;a&mifvaJ ysmuf za,mif;&nfvJ ajcmufoGm;NyDqdkwm awGU&rSmyg/ xkdYtwlyJ bk&m;ay:u tvSL&Siw f \ Ykd tcsKd Uaom qdik ;f bkwf rS m a&;xm;wmawG U &rS m yg/ ]]uG , f v G e f o l b,fob l ,f0gtwGuf &nfp;l í}} qdw k m awGU& rSmyg/ tJ'g[m Nidrf;oGm;wJhza,mif;wdkifu za,mif;a&*sycf BJ u;D useo f vdk aovGeaf ysmuf uG,foGm;ol&JUemrnf[m za,mif;a&*syfcJvdk useaf ewmygvm;vdYk oHa0*ÓPf&apygw,f/ wpfaeY tJ'q D idk ;f bkwaf y:rSm iga&muf&rSmyg vm;vdYk qifjcifr&d if edAEdÁ Ó ´ Pf &vmapEdik yf g w,f/ 'gaMumifh tvif;a&mifjzKe;f wD;wmr[kwf ygbl;Asm/ ÓPftvif;ay;aeatmif uReaf wmf wdYk bd;k bGm;awGu ynmtarGay;cJw h myg[k jyef ajymjyyg\/ rdwaf qGuvnf; tbd"r®mavhvm ae oljzpfí twGefYrwufyg/ odkYaomfvnf; 'kwd, rmvm*Eödu©myk'fudk usdK;atmifvkyf aewmyJ v d k Y ,l q csuf u d k quf & S i f ; jyzd k Y tqdkjyKjyefyg\/ rmvm*Eöu d m© yk'u f qefu Y sib f uf vdifudk qGJaqmif&mrSm toHk;jyKwJh yef;yefNyD; rdef;rqdkwJhedrdwfudk xif&Sm;atmif? wihfw,f atmif ESpBf urd rf u Munhcf siaf tmif ESv;kH oGi;f rSm;wJh tvkyu f wrsKd ;? avwifuaeNy;D xl;jcm; odraf rGUwJt h eHeY YJ avatmufrmS aewJh rde;f uav;? a,musmf ;av;wdYk pdw0f ifpm;vmatmif teHv Y m &modYk tm½Hpk u kd v f matmif qGaJ qmifEikd pf rG ;f &Srd I udk trSm;ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D jyKvyk rf jI zpfygw,f/ bk&m; ylaZmfwhJ tarT;wkid &f UJ teHu Y umr*kPt f m½Hpk w d f udk x<uapjcif;r&Sb d J bk&m;vSLxm;wJh yef;rsKd ;pHk uvnf; bk&m;vSLxm;wJyh pön;f rdYk b,forl , S l Ny;D acgif;rSmryef&yJ g/ 'gaMumihf rmvm*Eöu d m© yk'f usKd ;apjcif; rjzpfapEdik yf gbl;Asm/ aemufNy;D awmh qufpOf;pm;Munhyf g/ tarT;wdik rf mS zGUJ pnf;xm;wJh vTpmrIe?Yf rD;aoG;rIe?Yf aumf? 0g;wefrmS vdyNf y;D aevSe;f xm;rI? tarT;eHY om xHx k m;rIawGukd awGU&rSmyg/ tJ't D arT;wdik f [m rD;½IUd vku d v f Ykd avmifaepOfrmS tarT;eHaY wG vTwaf ew,f/ tJ't D arT;eHY b,favmufarT;arT; tarT;wkdifwpfwkdifvHk;avmifvdkY jymvJjzpfa&m? tarT;wdik u f vTww f hJ tarT;eHY vH;k 0aysmufomG ;rSm pmrsufESm 38 odkY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

38 rdkif refNydef;rpdk;&drfjynfe,fzGHUNzdK;a&; a&Tnmol (a&Tbdk) 38 rdik f refNyed ;f aus;&Gmonf &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f ? uGwcf ikd Nf rKd U e,fwiG f wnf&ydS gonf/ wkid ;f &if;om; &Sr;f vlrsKd ;wdYk trsm;qH;k aexdik Nf y;D ? tdrfajcig;&mausmf&Sd awmifay:a'oaus;&GmBuD;wpf&Gmjzpfygonf/ tqdyk g refNyed ;f aus;&Gmonf vGecf ahJ omq,fEpS af usmu f mvrsm; u qdkygvQif Ak'¨bmomudk;uG,fol tvGefyifenf;yg;NyD;? trsm;pkrSm wkdif;jcm;bmomjcm;rsm;udk udk;uG,fMuolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ ¤if;refNyed ;f aus;&Gmae OD;avmwm- a':a&Smuft,fwZYkd eD;armifEHS onf rdrdwdkY\ a'oxGufukefypönf;rsm;udk rEÅav;NrdKUodkYoGm;a&muf a&mif;cs&if;jzihf rEÅav; rpd;k &drq f &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D b'´EaÅ um0d'gbd0o H tm; zl;ajrmfMunfnKd ciG fh &&Scd MhJ uygonf/ OD;avmwmESifh a':a&Smuft,f wdkYonf rpdk;&drfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm; ypönf;av;yg;? 0w¬Krsm;jzihf vSL'gef;Muí rdrw d aYkd us;&GmodYk omoemjyK<ua&mufawmfr&l ef yifah vQmuf awmif;yefvsuf rdrw d &Ykd mG &Sd bd;k bGm;ydik af jr (5) {uudv k nf; ausmif;0wå uajrtjzpf vSL'gef;cJhMuygonf/ xkdodkY omoemjyKawmfrlEdkif&ef vSL'gef;onfhausmif;ajrudk rpdk;&drfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;udk,fawmfwdkif refNydef;&GmodkY vkdufyg<ucsDí Munh½f aI wmfrNl y;D ? omoemawmftusKd ;udk arQmu f ;kd um opömqdk trQtwef; ay;a0vsu?f ,if;ausmif;ajrae&mudk vufcaH wmfrcl yhJ gonf/ þodkYvufcHawmfrlNyD;aemuf omoemawmf 2548 ckESpf? aumZmouú&mZf 1366 ckEpS w f iG ?f refNyed ;f aus;&GmodYk rpd;k &drq f &mawmf bk&m;BuD;udk,fawmfwkdif aemufygoHCmawmfrsm;NcH&Hvsuf <ua&muf awmfrv l mNy;D yxrOD;pGm 0gausmif;aqmifuav;rsm;ESifh pwiftajccs um oDwif;oH;k awmfryl gonf/ / av;yifwJ? uyfBuJ&,fwJh? &GJUvdkY,dkif/ cef;0ifvQif? vrf;pOfavQmufEdkifbl;? Murf;aygufu NrdKif/ / taemuf a *g,m? zef 0 gjref ; jyef a wmh cef;vHk;jynhf? aea&mifNydKif yGihfcsif;qdkifygvdkY ajymufpHkaygif;/ / ncsrf ; tcg? xuf e ef ; tZ#mu aiG p E´ m a&mif j cnf y sd K ;jyef a wmh ]]atmf}} vdkYom qdkumNyHK;rdw,f (uG,f) bk e f ; wd k Y p H a usmif ; .../ / awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf OD;Owår a&;pyfawmfrcl o hJ nhf txufyg ausmif;tdu k av; av;csKd ;uAsmpmom;onf rpd;k &drq f &mawmf Bu;D ESifh aemufygwynho f C H mawmfrsm;twGuf tm;aq;wpfcu G f jzpfc&hJ ygonf/ xdpk Ofu omoemjyKoC H mawmfrsm;tzdt Yk &m ausmif;twGuf tm;cJumaevdkY&Muaomfvnf; qGrf;? uGrf;twGufjzihf &ifav;pzG,f tcif;tusif;wdkYESihf BuHKqHkcJhMu&ygonf/ xrif;pm;csif&if tvkyfvkyf &w,f/ 'gaMumifh eifwu Ykd kd xrif;ray;Ekid b f ;l }} xdu k o hJ Ykd pm;0wfaea&; yifyef;qif;&JpmG jzihf omoemjyKvyk if ef; rsm;udk tHwif;tm;cJum vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G af wmfrv l mMu&if;jzih?f azmfjyyg

&Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f ? uGwcf idk Nf rKd Ue,f? 38-rdik f ref;Nyed ;f aus;&Gmü ]]rpd;k &drf jynfe,fzUHG NzKd ;a&;ausmif;wdu k Bf u;D }} udk pwifwnfaxmifawmfrEl idk cf yhJ gNy/D refNyed ;f aus;&GmwGif 0g;ausmif;aqmifjzihf oH;k ESpo f ;kH rd;k oDwif; oH;k aexdik af wmfrNl y;D í 1369 ckEpS o f aYkd &mufaomtcg? q&mawmfb&k m; Bu;D rç wnfaiGusyf ode;f (30) ESifh tvSL&Sif 'um? 'umrsm;pkaygif;í (95) ode;f ukef ]]omoeaombdPo D rd af usmif;awmfBu;D }}? 'kw, d rç wnfaiG (76) ode;f jzih?f usyaf iG (105) ode;f ukef ]]'gebPf}} qGr;f pm;ausmif;Bu;D udk &Sr;f awmifo?l awmifwef;om; 'g,um 'g,dumrrsm; pkaygif;nDnm wnfaqmufvLS 'gef;Edik cf MhJ uygonf/ xdaYk emuf bk&m;'g,um OD;armifO;D - a':*sq H u dk Mf uLrdom;pk wdu Yk ? xdrk pd;k &draf usmif;wku d f 0wåuajrtwGi;f ü &Sprf suEf mS apwDawmf wpfqu l v kd nf;aumif; wnfxm;ylaZmfvLS 'gef;cJMh uygonf/ 1371 ckEpS f wGif rEÅav;NrKd U ausmufr;D &Gmae OD;xGe;f a0- a':axG;axG; rdom;pkwu Ykd vnf;aumif;? ]]atmifr*FvmrkcOf ;D Bu;D }} udk pdu k x f v l LS 'gef;cJMh uygonf/ xdt k cgrSpí &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f uGwcf idk Nf rKd Ue,f refNyed ;f aus;&Gmwpf0rS ;f omoema&mif0gvTr;f cJNh y;D onfEiS ?fh ,if; 38 rkid f rdeNf yed ;f aus;&Gm? rpd;k &drjf ynfe,f zGUH NzKd ;a&;ausmif;wdu k Bf u;D a&&Snt f usKd ;twGuf vdktyf&m&mwdkYudk refNydef;&Gm Ak'¨bmom0ifolawmfpifrsm;jzpfMuonhf &Gmol? &Gmom; q&m'umrsm;vufwí JG omoemawmfrsKd ;aphrsm;udk BucJ s ay;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ ]]ypönf;av;yg;? vSLjim;wum? &[ef;awmfrsm;? usihfyGm;"r®m? ESpfOD;ESpf0? tnrnm aMumif;usdK;quf? rysufomoem}} þvuFmpmoGm;ygtwkdif;? tem*wfomoemudk q&m'um vufwGJí nDnmpGmaqmif&GufMu&ef? rpdk;&drfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u rsdK;aphcspdkufxlylaZmfay;awmfrlcJhNyD;onhfaemuf? 1370 jynhfESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifp?k e,l;a,mufNrKd U rpd;k &dro f moeaZmwduausmif; ü oufawmf (81)? 0gawmf (61) 0g t&wGif b0ewfxH ysv H eG af wmfrcl hJ ygonf/ ,cktcg þrefNyed ;f rpd;k &draf usmif;wku d Bf u;D udk q&mawmfb&k m; Bu;D \ taEÅ0godu wynhBf u;D jzpfawmfryl gaom b'´EaÅ wZed, ("r®p&d ,) t&Sijf rwfO;D pD;yXme em,ujyKvsuf omoema&;? bmoma&;udpö rsm;udk qufvufí aqmif&u G af wmfrv l su&f ydS gonf/ ,if;q&mawmf onf rauG;wkid ;f ? yGijfh zLNrKd Ue,f ausmif;pkaus;&Gm OD;ausmif;rS vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif; (200) cefu Y xkvyk u f ;kd uG,yf al ZmfcMhJ uaom ]]teEÅock }D } Ak'¨ ½kyyf mG ;awmfjrwfwpfql yihaf qmifyal Zmfí &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om; e,foel ,f om;rsm; o'¨gw&m;rsm; wd;k yGm;Muap&ef? a'opm&Dvn S v fh nfawmfrjl cif;? ]]teEÅock }D } ½kyyf mG ;awmfjrwfBu;D tm; r[my|mef;a'oemawmfjrwfBu;D jzihf &Gwyf mG ;ylaZmfí e,fo?l e,fom; &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;tm; y|mef; w&m;awmfrsm; emMum;MunfnKd Eikd Mf uap&ef pDraH zmfaqmifay;awmfrcl hJ ygonf/ q&mawmfonf aEGO;D umva&mufwidk ;f &Sr;f ? yavmif? 0 ESifh

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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Armuav;oli,frsm; tyg; (100) udk &SifjyK? &[ef;cHyGJrsm; ESpfpOf usi;f yjyKvyk af y;vsu&f ydS gonf/ y|mef;usrf;jrwfBuD;udk &GwfzwfylaZmfMu&mwGif vm;½dI;NrdKU? aAm"m½Hak usmif;q&mawmf b'´EeÅ m'&udk trl;xm;í? rEÅav;NrKd U ,OfykH ausmif;wkdufoHCmawmfrsm;u &GwfzwfylaZmfawmfrlcJhMuygonf/ ]]teEÅock }D } Ak'½¨ yk yf mG ;awmfjrwfBu;D a'opm&Dvn S v fh nftyl aZmfc&H mwGi?f e,fc&H rS ;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;? oEéND rKd Uaqmufvyk af &; "r®pm&D 0wftoif;ESifh &Jpcef; orpdw0å wftoif;wdu Yk y|mef;a'oemawmfrsm; udk &Gwzf wfyal ZmfMuí? Xmeqdik &f mvlBu;D rif;rsm;ESihf omoema&;qkid &f m yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;vnf; vku d yf gvSnv fh nfyal ZmfMuygonf/ xdx k ykd &dowftaygif;wdt Yk m; oEéND rKd U? &yfuu G f 3? a&uefvrf; ae udak tmifrsKd ;- rpdrphf rd o hf ?l orD; ,Ge;f e'DrsKd ;rdom;pkwu Ykd tm[m&'ge rsm;jzihf {nhfcHauR;arG;jyKpkMuygonf/

uvnf; uRefawmfwdkY cifAsm;wkdY&JU bdk;bGm; awGu ay;cJhwJh tawG;tac: tavhtxawG ay: tajccH&w,fAsm/ 'gaMumifh oAÁpw d o å m"m&P apw oduf (7) vH;k [m tvGet f a&;Bu;D ovdk toH;k cs tbd"r®mtjrifeYJ us,u f s,jf yefjY yefY avhvmzdYk vnf;vdak Mumif; avhvmylaZmfwifjytyfygonf/ xdt Yk wl Ak't ¨ qH;k trudk vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif; 900 ausmu f &Scd ahJ om yk*aH cwfrpS í tarGay; cJah om bd;k bGm;wd\ Yk tarGtESprf Ykd cspjf rwfE;kd tyf aMumif; wifjytyfygownf;/ usrf;udk; 1/ "r®o*FPD 2/ r,fvrktbd"r®moifwef;rS oif½;kd pmtkyrf sm; 3/ v,fwq D &mawmfb&k m;\ "mwfur®|mef;usr;f armifrsdK;xGef; (jrif;NcH)

e,foel ,fom; aus;&Gmol? aus;&Gmom;taygif; pkaygif;tvSL jyKMuvsuf tqdyk g refNyed ;f ausmif;wku d Bf u;D twGi;f ü? tvsm;ay 120 _ teH 36 ay&Sd ]]teEÅ*P k &f nf"r®m½HBk u;D }} udk ,cktcg wnfaqmufvLS 'gef; xm;&SdMuygonf/ ]]acgif;aqmifa&SUoGm;? pdwaf umif;xm;u? aemufyg;vku d f ol? aumif;wwfonf}} [lonhf qd½k ;kd pum;ESit fh nD? em,uq&mawmf b'´EaÅ wZed, ("r®mp&d,) t&Sio f jl rwfonf? rpd;k &drq f &mawmfb&k m; Bu;D \ q&maumif;wynhyf yD D tqdyk g 38 rdik f refNyed ;f aus;&Gm? rpd;k &drf jynfe,f zGUH NzKd ;a&;ausmif;wku d Bf u;D \ tem*wfomoemawmf xGe;f um; a&;twGuf tm;cJvsuf BuKd ;yrf;awmfral eqJjzpfygonf/ a&Tnmol (acwåodEéD)

MORAL AND ETHICS "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ à aemufausmzHk;rS jzpfygonf/ þonhaf rwåmrsKd ;onf vufawGUusí jyKpak pmifah &SmufEikd f onhf &uf&ufa&ma&m ay;urf;pGefYBuJwwfaom udk,fusdK;uif;onhf w&m;rsdK;jzpfonf/ þurÇmajrBuD;onf tyifrsm;ESihfowå0grsm;tm;vHk;wdkYudk xrf;aqmifum apmifah &Smufay;ouJo h ?Ykd rdbrsm;onf uav;oli,frsm; tm; jyKpak pmifah &Smufay;Mu&rnf[k Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;udk oGeo f ifjyo qHk;rawmfrlygonf/ rdbwdkY\ &ifESpfonf;csmrsm;tjzpfudkxdkufwefpGm cH,í l rdbwdu Yk kd ½kad oudik ;f ñGwv f suf *½kwpdu k jf yKpak y;jcif;onf &ifaoG; wpfOD;u rdrd\rdbrsm;tay: xkwfazmfjyoay;aom trGefjrwfqHk; pdwyf ikd ;f qkid &f m 0wå&m;rsm;teufrS wpf&yfomjzpfayonf/ þonfrmS jiif;qefypfy,fxm;í r&paumif;aom rdom;pkaygif;oif;qufqaH &; wpf&yfjzpfayonf/ uREfkyfwdkYu ay;urf;pGefYBuJonhftcgwGif udk,fusdK;twGuf xnhfrwGufyJ? wpfenf; wpfzdk;udk xnhfrwGufyJ ay;urf;&rnfjzpfonf/ odaYk omfvnf; þae&mwGirf l rdzrsm;taejzihaf omfvnf;aumif;? om;orD; rsm;taetm;jzihfaomfvnfaumif; ay;urf;MuonhftcgwGif tajrmf tjrif&&dS dS ay;urf;oihaf yonf/ tjyeftvSet f m;jzihf cspcf ifMuifemjcif; ESifh ½dak oav;pm;jcif;udk t&mtm;vH;k xuf ydí k tjrwfwEd;k wefz;kd xm; Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ cspcf ifMuifemarwåmxm;Edik Mf ujcif;onf vlom;wd\ Yk tjrihrf m; qH;k aom xdawGUcHpm;rIjzpfonf[k jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/ rdru d , kd w f ikd u f tultnDtaxmuftyHah y;jcif;ESi?fh olwpfyg;wdu Yk rdrd tm; wzefjyefvnfí tultnDtaxmuftyHhay;jcif;r&SdyJ rnfolrQ &Sifoef&yfwnfEdkifpGrf;r&Sdonhf þurÇmavmuBuD;wGif ouf&Sdowå0g rSeo f rQ rSw D if;aexkid v f su&f MdS uayonf/ þonfrmS ouf&o dS wå0gtm;vH;k wdt Yk wGuf pnf;urf;wus vufawGUusio fh ;kH Mu&aom b0vrf;pOfjzpfyg onf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom a'oemawmfrsm;wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf rdbrsm; vkdufemusihfaqmifMu&rnhf tajccH vrf;ñTecf surf sm;tjzpf t"duxrf;aqmifMu&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;tcsKd U azmfjyvrf;ñTeaf y;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ tajccHusaomvrf;ñTecf suw f pf&yf rSm taMumif;oift h usKd ;oihaf jymjyjcif;? ud, k w f idk u f pHerlemjyjcif;ESifh vufawGUjyay;jcif;jzihf uav;oli,frsm;tm; raumif;rI'pk ½du k rf sm;udk a&SmifMuOfMu&efvrf;ñTeaf y;Ny;D aemuf odraf rGUnifomaomwdu k w f eG ;f rIwYkd aMumifh rdom;pktwGuf vlaY bmiftzGUJ tpnf;twGuf Edik if aH wmftwGuyf g tusKd ;&So d nft h rIrsm;udk jyKrv l yk af qmifMu&ef vrf;ñTeaf y;&rnfjzpfonf/ þtcsuEf iS q fh ufpyfí rdbrsm;onf rdrw d \ Ykd om;orD;rsm;ESifh qufqMH u&mwGif tav;w,l *½kwpdu k jf yKrv l yk af qmifMu&efvo kd nf/ rdbwdu Yk yGiyfh iG v hf if;vif;ajymqdq k ;kH rwwfjcif;ESifh rdbjzpfow l u Ykd aumif; aexdik v f yk u f kd jyKrjl yoMurSomvQi?f b0ay;oifcef;pmrsm;udk ¤if;wd\ Yk uav;i,frsm;u rodrom cspcf if½akd ooif,o l mG ;Muvdrrfh nfjzpfonf/ vlaY bmifvaYl vmuodYk uav;oli,frsm; 0ifa&mufvmMujcif;udk rdbwdYk jyKral exdik v f yk u f ikd yf rkH sm;u pHerlemtjzpf yHo k iG ;f ay;oGm;vdrrfh nfjzpfonf/ þvlYabmifavmuwGif ]]aumif;jcif;onf aumif;usdK;udak ygufzmG ; apí? qdk;oGrf;jcif;onf qdk;,kwfjcif;udkomaygufzGm;aponf}} [laom qdk½dk;twdkif; jzpfysufoGm;Mu&pNrJomjzpfonf/ uav;oli,fwpfa,mufudk wpfudk,faumif;rqef&efESihf? olwpfyg;wdkY\ BuD;yGm;csrf;omjcif;ü 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfEdkif&ef

à from back cover In His discourses, the Buddha has listed certain primary duties and functions as essential guide- lines for parents to observe. One of the primary guide- lines would be, by precept, practice and action, to lead the children away from things that are evil and through gentle persuasion, to guide them to do all that is good for the family, for society and for the country. In this connection, parents would have to exercise great care in dealing with their children. It is not what the parents profess but what they really are and do, that the child absorbs unconsciously and lovingly. The child's entry to the world is moulded by emulating parental behaviour. It follows that good begets good and evil begets evil. A child should be taught to be unselfish and to be able to rejoice in the welfare and well- being of others. They should be guided to resist any impulse that tends to harm others by cruelty, anger or hatred. A child should learn to honour other people's rights and to protect his own, yet be generous enough to be charitable to give freely and wisely. A child should be shown the way to be honourable and pure in word and deed in all relationships and to uphold fidelity as a virtue to be prized. He should respect and honour the traditional values cherished by a family and should never give way to temptation or seduction that might disrupt the sanctity of a family. In speech and action, a child should be truthful, polite, kide, just and sensible. (To be Continued) Dhamma V1-raThandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon.

oifMum;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ &ufpufraI 'gotrsuEf iS fh rkew f ;D pufqyk rf I wkdYjzihf olwpfyg;wdkYtm; xdcdkufepfemap&ef&nf&G,fonhf pdwfvkdufrmef yg jyKvkyfvkdaompdwfudk wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;wwf&ef vrf;ñTefoGefoif xdef;ausmif;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ uav;oli,fwpfa,mufonf olwpfyg;wd\ Yk tcGit fh a&;rsm; udk av;pm;wwfNyD; rdrd\tcGihfta&;rsm;udk umuG,fwwf&eftwGuf oif,&l rnfjzpfygonf/ odaYk omfvnf; vGwv f yftajrmftjrif&&dS dS pGeBYf uJ ay;urf;Edkif&ef vHkavmufaom &ufa&mrI&Sd&rnfvnf;jzpfygonf/ aygif;oif;qufqrH t I m;vH;k wGif tajymtqdt k jyKtrlrsm; tjypfuif;pif Ny;D ? *kPu f suo f a&&Spd mG aexkid af jymqdjk yKrw l wfatmif uav;i,frsm;tm; i,fpOfupí oifMum;jyoay;&ygrnf/ xdjYk yif opöm&Sjd cif;udk wefz;kd xm; xdkufonhf usihf0wfodu©m*kPf&nfwpf&yftjzpf xdef;odrf;wwf&ef uav;i,ftm; oifMum;ay;&rnfvnf;jzpfygonf/ rdom;pkwpfpkutjrwfwEdk;xm;cJhMuaom tpOftvm½dk;&m xH;k wrf;"avhrsm;udk ,if;uav;i,fu ½dak oav;pm;vku d ef mí *kP, f l apwwf&ygrnf/ olonf rdom;pkwpfp\ k *kPo f u d m© udk ysujf ym;apEdik f onhf jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifr?I odw Yk nf;r[kwf aphaqmfjrL§ qG,rf aI emuf odkY rnfonhftcgrQ rvdkufygoGm;oihfay/ tajymtqdktjyKtrlwGif uav;i,fwpfa,mufonf rSeu f ef&rnf? ,Ofaus;&rnf? Muifemwwf &rnf? w&m;rQwNyD; pOf;pm;EdIif;csdefwwf&rnfjzpfayonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) "r®0D&- oEÅmatmif tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf &efukefNrdKU/

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Moral and Ethical Conduct of a Buddhist (4) Ak'b ¨ momwpfO;D \usi0fh wfou d m© qdik &f m ud, k u f siw hf &m; (4) By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt. Translated into Myanmar by Dhamma V1ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o d k v f ) Loving kindness is taught by the Buddha as the highest human feeling. All beings live in a world where none can survive without supporting and being supported by others. This is a discipline and practical way of life for all.

cspfcifMuifemrIarwåmw&m;onf vlom;wdkY\tjrihfrm;qHk;aom cHpm;rIjzpfonf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrl ygonf/ udk,fudk,fwkdifu axmufyHhulnDjcif;ESihf olwpfyg;wdkYu rdrdtm;wpfzef jyefvnf axmufyHhulnDjcif;r&SdMuyJESihf rnfolrQ touf&Sif&yfwnf aeEdkifpGrf; r&Sdonhf urÇmavmuBuD;wGif ouf&Sdowå0grsm;tm;vHk; aexkdifvsuf &SdMuonf/ þonfum; owå0g tm;vHk;wdkY twGuf pnf;pepf&SdNyD; vufawGUusus usifhoHk;Mu&aom b0vrf;pOfjzpfonf/ Family Ties (a)

rd o m;pk o H a ,mZOf a ES m if B ud K ;(u)

The Buddha's compassion saw to it that no being exists alone. The world community is a society of of beings utterly dependent upon one another. We can do nothing unless we are committed to each other. As human beings we are unique in our ability to see and do what is good and shun what is bad. We can shoose to realise this in our speech and action. We are able to develop our inner purity and strength to give, in all our relationships, what is needed by others. We can create a safe and serens society in which we grow. The basis of all human society is the intricate relationship between parent and child. A mother's duty is to love, care and protect the child, even at extreme cost. This is the self- sacrificing love that the Buddha taught. It is practical, caring and generous and it is selfless. Buddhists are taught that the parents care for the child as the earth itself cares for all the plants and creatures. To be filial to the parents and to show respect and care for them is one of the noblest spiritual obligations that a child could shower on his parents. This is a fundamental relationship that cannot be ignored. If we give, we give unselfishly, without counting the cost, yet we should give wisely- both as children and parents. Mutual love and respect should be cherished above all things. Lovingkindness is taught by the Buddha as the highest human feeling. All beings live in a world where none can survive without supporting and being supported by others. This is a discipline and practical way of life for all.

rnfonfyh *k Kd¾ vo f wå0gwpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ wpfO;D wpfa,muf wnf; &yfwnfEikd rf nfr[kwo f nfukd jrwfpmG bk&m;\ r[mu½kPmawmf u jrifawmfryl gonf/ urÇmolurÇmom;wdo Yk nf wpfO;D ay:wpfO;D trSD o[JjyKum rSw D if;aexdik Mf u&aom vlaY bmifvt Yl zGUJ tpnf;wpf&yfjzpfyg onf/ wpfO;D ESiw fh pfO;D tjyeftvSe½f ikd ;f yif;ulnaD xmufyjhH cif;omr&SMd u ygvQif bmrQvyk af qmifEikd Mf urnfr[kwaf y/ vlom;taejzihf rdrw d o Ykd nf aumif;onfujkd yKvyk &f efEiS fh raumif;onfukd a&Smif&mS ;&ef pGr;f &nf&rdS üI NydKifzufuif;avmufatmif xl;jcm;rIrsm;&SdMuonf/ þonfhtcsufudk tajymtqdküaomfvnf;aumif;? tjyKtrlüaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY vufawGUtm;jzihf taumiftxnfazmfEikd Mf uayonf/ þonfrmS rdrw d Ykd tm;vH;k tzdYk ,Ofaus;rItppftrSeu f kd a&G;cs,u f sio fh ;kH cGi&fh &Sad eMu&jcif; jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY\aygif;oif;qufqHa&;e,fy,fwGif tjcm;olwdkY\ vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk ay;urf;pGeBYf uEJ ikd Mf u&eftwGuf rdrw d \ Ykd pdwpf ifMu,frI ESihf twGif;pGrf;tm;udk rdrdwdkYysdK;axmifjyKpkEdkifpGrf;&SdMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wu,fawmh rdrdwdkY&SifoefBuD;jyif;Mu&aom vlYabmiftzGJUtpnf;udk vHkNcHKNidrf;csrf;om,maom tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfjzpfvmap&ef rdrdwdkYzefwD; wnfaxmifEdkifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ vlYabmifvlYtzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfvHk;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfonf rdbESio fh m;orD;wd\ Yk odraf rGUaom aygif;oif;qufqaH &;jzpfonf/ rdcif wpfa,muf\wm0efonf rdrd\&ifaoG;udk toufwrQcspfcifMuifem ,k,pGmjyKpkí umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&efjzpfygonf/ þonfrSm jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siaf [mMum;awmfral om ud, k u f sKd ;pGeo Yf nhf cspjf cif;arwåm pmrsufESm 38 odkY