Dhamma Vira Journal, DV26-10 by Thomas Winn

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar Info-Tech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 01-507208 , 09 73237185 E-mail - tinsoevira@gmail.com

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b0vrf;ñTef 38- jzm r*Fvmrdwfquf (36) taomuH aomuuif ; a0; aeEd k i f a &; raES ; 0d y óem yG m ;rsm;yg/

av;td r f p k t&S i f 0 d p d w å o m&

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jrihfjrwfolwdkY "r®obif t&S i f & mZ"r® ( a,majr)

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ta&;BuD ; aom tcsuf t vuf r sm;uk d em;rvnfEkdifawmhay/ w&m;a[majymjcif;ESihf pyf,SOfí jrwfAk'¨u ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfrSm ]]iga[maom w&m;ukd y&dowfrsm;pGm Mum;emMuygukefrl aumif;avpG? iga[maomw&m;ukd Mum;em &onf&Sdaomf ightay:rSm o'¨gMunfnKdMu ygukefrl aumif;avpG? MunfndKMuukefaom olwdkYonf ightm; MunfnKdykHtjcif;t&mrsm; ukd ]ukd,fawmfa[mwJhw&m;[m aumif;yg&JU} 0yf w G m ;½k d a opG m jyKvk y f M uyguk e f r l u m; aumif;avpG[k? cspfom;wdkY xkdodkYoabm xm;aom "r®uxdu&[ef;\ a[majymrI onf rpifMu,fbJ npfayaeonf}} [k a[m awmfrlcJhayonf/ vmbfvmbaygrsm;atmif? xif&Sm;ausmfapmvdkí bkef;BuD;atmif <um; vkH;okH;um a[majymjcif;onf tvkdqkd;ESihf avmbOD;pD;aeí npfayaomtvSL[k qkd& ayrnf/ rdrda[majym a&;om;xkwfa0jzefYcsD aom "r®onfvnf; tnpftaMu;rsm;ESihf vd r f ; BuH x m;aom tvS L [k qd k & ayrnf / pifMu,fwJh Ak'¨"r®a[mawmhrnfqkdygvQif jrwf A k ' ¨ u ]]iga[mMum;aomw&m;ud k y&d o wf r sm;pG m Mum;emMuygrl u m; aumif ; avpG ? Mum;em&onf & S d a omf w&m;t&omuk d xd x d r d r d od & S d M uyguk e f rl u m; aumif ; avpG ? xd x d r d r d od & S d M u uk e f N yD ; onf & S d k a omf vrf ; rS e f t wd k i f ; BuKd ; pm;tm;xk w f u m usif h M uyguk e f rl u m; aumif ; avpG / þod k Y E S v k H ; oG i f ; í w&m;awmf u d k a[mMum;\/ xk d o d k Y a[mMum;aom "r® u xd u \w&m; onf tnpfaMu;rwif oefY&Sif;pifMu,f onf j zpf \ }} [k ed ' ge0*¾ o H , k w f y gVd awmfrSm vrf;ñTefjyawmfrlcJhonf/ Ä rdrda[maomw&m;ukd emvnf; emEkdifMuygap? emonhftwkdif;vnf; odMu ygap? odonhftwkdif;vnf; usihfEkdifMuygap? usihfonftwkdif;vnf; trSm;udky,fazsmuf

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rnfrSm trSefyif/ tcgwpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m; om0w¦d jynf? aZw0efausmif;wdkufawmfrSm oDwif; okH;aeawmfrlpOf aqmif;wGif;umv ntcsdef wGif ausmif;wdu k x f &J dS qGr;f pm;ausmif;aqmif rSm t&SifeEú rax&fonf bdfu©KeDrrsm;ukd w&m;a[mae\/ t&S i f e E´ u rax&f & J U w&m;a[mtoHonfum; jrwfAk'¨&JU *Eük#D wd k u f a wmf t xd ysH U vG i h f v maomaMumih f jrwfpGmbk&m;u nDawmftmeE´mukdac:um ]]tmeE´mç w&m;a[moHonf csKdNrdefvSyg wum;? igwdkYvnf; w&m;emoGm;MupdkY}} [k rdefYawmfrlum w&m;yGJpwifí rMumrDyif bk&m;&SifESihf t&SiftmeE´mwdkY w&m;yGJ&Sd&m qGr;f pm;ausmif;aqmifteD;odYk <ua&mufawmf rlvmcJhMuayonf/ t&SifeEúrax&f w&m;a[mysuf rnfpkd;aomaMumifh wHcg;acgufum txJodkY ae&m0ifr,lbJ tjyifbufrSmom &yfawmf rlvsuf jrwfAk'¨ w&m;emawmfrlaeonf/ þod k Y j zih f n\yxr,H uk e f q k H ; oG m ;NyD ? w&m;yGJu rNyD;ao;? noef;acgif,Hvnf; ausmfvm\? w&m;rcsao;? jrwfAk'üvnf; aqmif;av'Pf? ESif;'PfwdkYukd ta&;rjyKbJ w&m;udkom emaeqJ? n\aemufqkH;,HodkY a&mufí ta&SUavmu"gwfu tvif;a&mif eDoef;vmaeNyD/ w&m;ed*kH;csKyf tqkH;owf w&m;csoHukd Mum;awmfrlvkduf&aomtcg bk&m;&Sifu wHcg;ukdacgufí twGif;odkY 0if awmfrlNyD; ]]eEú oifhw&m;u &SnfvSyg wum;? oih f w &m;csoH a pmih f q k d i f ; aeí igbk&m; cg;atmifhvSacsNyD}} [k qkdvkduf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu w&m;&Snfjcif;aMumihf tjypfwifjcif;r[kwf? csD;ajr§mufvdkí NyKH;&Tif pGmESiyfh if rdeaYf wmfrv l u kd jf cif;jzpf\/ tcs;D rGr;f cH&aom t&SifeEúrax&fum; &SuftHhaom rsufvTmESihf ]]wHcg;tjyifbufrSm bk&m;&Sif &SdaerSef;odygvQif þrQavmuf a[mjy0Hhrnf

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COVER SPECIAL FEATUREA "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

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DHAMMA TALKS

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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vdrfhr,f/ tjypfvnf; ruif;wwfbl;ayhg/ 'guawmh armifpH0if;&JUtar;ukd ajzqkdcJhykH jzpfygw,f/ b,fES,hfvJ armifpH0if; oabm aygufem;vnf&JUvm;/ rif;wdkYokH;a,mufvkH; ayghuGm../ aoaocsmcsm rSwfxm;tkH;aemf/ apmapmuajymcJhwJh t0ukZÆ? Opä*Fyk*¾KdvfrsKd; awmh rjzpfMuapeJYaemf/ uH r if ; / / q&mawmf b k & m;? Ak'¨0ifqkdwm bmudkac:wmvJbk&m;/ Mum;zl; wm em;&nf0aeayr,hf bmudkqkdvkdw,f qkdwmawmh *CeP rodbl;/ orkdif;wdkY &mZ0ifwkdYqkdwmeJY twlyJvm;bk&m;/ 0g; wm;wm; a0awawjzpf a ew,f / wpf c g wkef;u 15 ESpft&G,favmuf&SdwJh q,fwef; ausmif;om;av;wpfa,mufu wynhfawmf ukd ar;zl;w,f/ wynfah wmfuvnf; aoao csmcsmrodwmeJY Ak'¨0ifqkdwm Ak'¨0ifayghuGm vdkYyJ ajymcJh&w,f/ rvdrfhwywfeJY Mum;csNyD; ajzcJh&w,f/ 'Dawmh ausmif;om;av;u [m- OD ; av;tajzu wpf r sKd ; BuD ; ygvm;? uRefawmfrodwmeJY OD;av;awmh odrSmygyJ qkdNyD;ar;Munhfwm? 'Dawmh OD;av;tajzu vnf; Ak'¨0ifqkdwm Ak'¨0ifyJayhguGmqkdawmh uRefawmfawmif awGoGm;w,f? OD;av;ajym ovdk Ak'¨0ifqkdwm Ak'¨0ifvdkYyJ rSwfxm;vkduf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/

ygawmhAsm..[J..[J..qkdNyD; ausmif;om; av;u [movkyfNyD;ajymvkdufawmh wynhf awmf &Sufvkdufwm/ rsufESmudk "g;eJYawmif vSD;ypfcsifpdwfaygufoGm;awmhwmyJ/ rvSD;&J vkdYom tomaevdkuf&w,f/ [kwfw,fav? uk d , h f t ouf t &G , f e J Y rajzEk d i f v k d u f a wmh &SufoGm;wmayhg/ vlBuD;&Sufawmh&,fqkdwm vkd &Sufawmhvnf; r&,fcsifayr,hf [J..[J qkdNyD; oGm;NzJ&,fjyvkduf&ao;wmyJ/ tJ'D uwnf ; u Bud r f ; 0g;xm;cJ h w ,f / wpf a eY b,foluar;ar; Ak'¨0iftaMumif;ukd ykdifykdif Ek d i f E k d i f ajzqk d E k d i f & r,f / &S i f ; jyEk d i f & r,f / 'gaMumihf Ak'¨0iftaMumif;ukd twdkcsKyfNyD; rSwfrdvG,fatmif &Sif;jyay;ygOD;bk&m;/ pma&;ol / / rif ; uvnf ; rif ; yJ / 'D t ouf t &G , f ( 40)ywf 0 ef ; usif a wmif &SdaeNyD/ Ak'¨0iftaMumif; rodao;bl;qkd awmh b,f [ k w f a wmh r S m vJ / Ak ' ¨ b mom wpfa,muftaeeJYawmh Ak'¨0ifukd ykdifykdif Ek d i f E k d i f B uD ; r[k w f a wmif awmf a wmf a v; oabmaygufatmif &Sif;jyay;Ekdifoihfwm ayhg/ ckawmh Ak'¨0ifqkdwm Ak'¨0ifayhgqkdawmh rif;[mu &,fp&mjzpfaewmayhg/ rSwfxm; Ak ' ¨ 0 if t aMumif ; uk d bk e f ; BuD ; ajymjyr,f / aemufwpfcg olrsm;uar;&if ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif ajymwwfygap/ 0g;wm;wm;rvkyfeJY/ Ak'¨0ifqkdwm Ak'¨0Ho qkdwJh ygVdu qif;oufvmwJh ygVd jrefrmpum;yJ/ Ak'¨ qkdwmu bk&m;? 0Ho- qkdwmu tEG,f? Ak'¨0ifqkdwm bk&m;eJYywfoufwJh tquf tEG,f (taMumif;t&m)ukdajymwmuG? wdkwdk ajym&&if bk&m;taMumif;t&m? tw¦Kywåd ayhguGm? ukd,fa&;&mZ0ifvdkYvnf; ajymvdkY &w,f/ tJ'D Ak'¨0if (bk&m;taMumif;t&m) ud k tusOf ; csKyf a jymjyr,f / aocsmem; axmif/ jrwf p G m bk & m;[m td E ´ d , Ek d i f i H ? uydv0wfaejynfawmfrSm bk&if oka'¨g"eeJY rd z k & m;BuD ; rm,mwd k Y & J U wpf O D ; wnf ; aom om;awmf j zpf w ,f / 16 ES p f t &G , f r S m a'0'[jynf o l ,aomf " &mrif ; orD ; eJ Y tdrfaxmifjyKNyD; xD;eef;pnf;pdrfukd cHpm; w,f/ wpfaeY O,smOfupm;xGufwkef;rSm oltkd? olem? olao? edrdwfokH;yg;ukd jrifawmh tkdemaoa&;'ku©ab;awGudk xifjrifokH;oyf rdNyD; owdoHa0*&w,f/ tJ'Daemuf &[ef; toGif edrdwfukdjrifwJhtcg tkdemaorI'ku©

rS uif;vGwf&mXmewpfck&SdEkdifw,f/ tJ'D Xmeukd a&mufzkdYtwGuf avmuDtm½kHcHpm; rIawGukd pGefYvTwfNyD; &[ef;toGifeJY trSef w&m;udk &SmazG&r,fvdkY od&Sdvmw,f/ tJ'D tcsdefrSm om;awmf &m[kvm zGm;jrifawmf rlaMumif; owif;&vmw,f/ oHa,mZOf trQifrBuD;xGm;cif awmxGufrS awmfawmh r,fvdkY tJh'DaeYrSmyJ vufpGJawmfarmifqefudk ac:NyD; u@ujrif;eJY O½ka0VawmrSm 6 ESpf wdwd vlomrefwdkY usihfEkdifcJwJh 'kuú&p&d,m tusihfukd usihfawmfrlw,f/ r[mouú&mZf 103 ck? uqkefvjynhfaeYrSm opömav;yg; trSefw&m;ukd xkd;xGif;odjrifNyD; bk&m;tjzpf ukd &awmfrlw,f/ odoihfodxkdufwJh w&m;tm;vkH;ukd xkd;xGif;odjrifwJhtcsdefupNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m; [m olY&JUi,femrnf od'¨w¦ukdazsmufNyD; Ak'¨vdkY emrnfopfrSnhfawmfrlw,f/ bk&m;jzpfawmfrlNyD;aemuf 45 0g (45)ESpfumvywfvkH; olukd,fwkdif cJcJ,Of; ,Of; yifyifyef;yef; BuKd;pm;&SmazGxm;&wJh w&m;ppfw&m;rSefawGudk rem;rae a[m Mum;awmfrlNyD; oufawmf(80)rSm y&dedAÁmefpH 0ifawmfrloGm;w,f/ tJ'g Ak'¨0if tusOf;csKyfyJ/ rao rcsif;rSwfxm;vkdufayawmh? pum;pyfrdwJh tcgwdkif;vnf; Ak'¨0if (bk&m;taMumif;) ukd ajymay;&w,f/ ukd,fwkdifvnf; ukodkvf &w,f / ol w pf y g;vnf ; uk o d k v f & w,f / ukd,fukd;uG,fwJhbk&m;taMumif;udk ajcajc jrpfjrpfod&awmh bk&m;ukd ykdMunfnKdw,f/ ,aeY x uf w k d i f ork d i f ; taxmuf t xm; wdwdusus&SdwJhtwGuf MunfnKd&wm tm;& w,f / od k Y a vmod k Y a vmrjzpf a wmh b l ; / Za0Z0gr&Sdawmhbl;ayhg/ uJ b,fhES,fhvJ Ak'¨0iftaMumif;em;vnfNyDr[kwfvm;/ uH r if ; / / wif y h g em;vnf y gNyD bk&m;/ awmfawmfukd &Sif;oGm;NyDbk&m;/ 'Du a&SUawmh Ak'¨0iftaMumif;ukd BuKdufwJhol vmar;prf;? ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif&Sif;jyvkdufcsifprf; ygbd/ q&mawmf&JUajzMum;csuf[m wdkusOf; xdNyD; vkd&if;rdvSygw,fbk&m;/ olrsm;a,mif vkdYa,mif tarmifawmifrSef;ajrmufrSef;rod qkdwmvdk olrsm;Ak'¨bmomqkdvkdY ukd,fvnf; vk d u f N yD ; Ak ' ¨ b momvk y f a eMuwm/ Ak ' ¨ bmomqkdwm bmrSef;nmrSef;rodwJhvlawG u 'k e J Y a ';? awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;uawmh

bmoma&;eJYywfouf&if ea0wdrfawmif awG r sm;w,f / rod & if a r;? rpif & if a q; qkdwmvkd rodwJht&mudk ar;jref;jcif;? pkHprf; jcif;? avhvmqnf;yl;jcif; awmfawmfudk enf; Muw,f/ 'g[m vkH;0rjzpfxkdufwJhudpövkdY wynhfawmf jrifrdygw,fbk&m;/ rSm;&ifvnf; jyifay;ygOD;bk&m;/ pma&;ol / / armif u H r if ; ajymwm rrSm;ygbl;/ rSefygw,f/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; vlawGu pl;prf;avhvmrItm;enf;Muw,f/ bmod b momaevmwJ h t avh t usih f [ m tckxufxd&Sdaewkef;yJ/ wpfjcm;bmom0if awG u ol w d k Y b mom wd k ; wuf j yef Y y G m ;a&; twGuf txl;ukdyJ 0D&d,xm;Muw,f/ owd &SdMuw,f/ tNrJwrf; Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum; wuf wuf<u<u&SdMuw,f/ b,fae&mrS earmferJh raeMubl;/ tJ'Dtcsufuawmh Ak'¨bmom 0ifawmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJY uGmjcm;rI&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf; olwdkYbmom0ifawG wpfaeY wpfjcm; rsm;aeMuwmayhg/ omoemta&; 'd k Y t a&;? omoemh t vk y f 'k d Y t vk y f q k d N yD ; a<u;aMumfatmf[pfae½kHeJY rNyD;bl;/ omoem ta&;? bmoma&;eJYywfoufvm&if wu,fh ukd Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum; wufwuf<u<ueJY tvkyf vkyfMurS jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ q&m'um vufwGJ nDnmpGmeJYayhg/ uJ uJ aemufwpfrsKd;ar;csif wmav;awGvnf; ar;MuOD;av/ bkef;BuD; cGihfjyKygw,f/ 'gvnf; omoemjyKMuwmyJ r[kwfvm;/ bcspf / / q&mawmf b k & m;? ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomqkdwm b,f[mrsKd;ukd ajymwmygvJbk&m;/ odovkdvkdeJY r&Sif;bl; bk & m;/ aemuf N yD ; awmh jref r mEk d i f i H Ak ' ¨ bmom[m ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ b momppf y g ovm;bk & m;/ wynh f a wmf r sm; em;vnf oabmaygufatmif ajzMum;awmfryl gbk&m;/ pma&;ol / / tifrwefar;xkdufwJh ar;cG e f ; wpf c k y gyJ / ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ b mom qkdwm t&Sifr[muóy tp&SdwJh yxr oH*g,emwif rax&fBuD;rsm;&JU rdefYawmfrl wJhtwkdif; &wemokH;yg;ukdvnf; qnf;uyf ukd;uG,f? uH uH&JUtusKd;udkvnf; ,kHMunfNyD; ig;yg;oDvNrJolukd ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomvkdY ac:ygw,f/ (ax&+0g'? ax&- t&Sifr[m uóy tp&Sdaom &[EÅmrax&fBuD;rsm;\? 0g'- rdefYawmfrlaompum;) jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlNyD; pmrsuf E S m 28 od k Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON PATTHANUDDESA DIPANI.

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq

a&;om;jyKpka

y|mEka ' -

THE PATTHANU O THE BUDDSHIT PHILO by

(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

o[Zmwm"d y wd y pö n f ; \ o½k y f u d k j yjcif ; o[Zmwm"dywdypö,m? o[Zmwm"dywdypönf;onf/ uwarm? tb,fenf;/ t"dywdbm0H? t"dywd\tjzpfodkY/ ywåm? a&mufukefaom/ qaE´m p? qE´udkvnf;aumif;? pdwåÍö? pdwfvnf; aumif;/ 0D&d,Íö? 0D&, d vnf;aumif;/ 0Dro H m p? 0Dro H mvnf;aumif;/ £wd? þodkY/ pwåma&m? av;yg;ukefaom/ "r®m? w&m;wdkYonf/ t"dywdypöa,m? t"dywdypönf; w&m;rnf\/ o[Zmwm"d y wd y pö n f ; \ ypö , k y Ü e f o ½k y f u d k j yjcif ; uwar? tb,frnfukefaom/ "ar®m? w&m;wdkYonf/ wóypö,ó? xdko[Zmwm"dywd ypönf;w&m;\/ ypö,kyÜEém? ypö,kyÜefjzpfaom w&m;rnfukefoenf;/ t"dywdorÜ,kwåm? t"d ywdypönf;ESihf,SOfukefaom/ pdwåapwodum p? pdwfapwodufwdkY onfvnf;aumif;/ t"dywdork|dwm? "dywdypönf;aMumihf jzpfukef aom/ pdwåZ½ly"r®m p? pdwåZ½kyfw&m;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;/ wó ypö,ó? xdko[Zmwm"dywd ypönf;\/ ypö,kyÜEém? ypöK,kyÜef jzpfaom w&m;rnfukef\/ o[Zmwo'´ g t"d y wd o '´ g wd k Y \ teuf u d k j yjcif ; auea|e? tb,fodkYaom teufoabmaMumihf/ o[ Zmawm? o[Zmwrnfoenf;/ auea|e? tb,fodkYaom teuf oabmaMumihf/ t"dywd? t"dywdrnfoenf;/ o[kyÜm'ea|e? wuGjzpfapjcif;[laom teufoabmaMumihf/ o[Zmwm? o[ Zmwrnf\/ o[ZmwmeH? o[Zmwfjzpfuek af om/ "r®meH? ypö,yk eÜ f w&m;wdkYudk/ tbdb0ea|e? vTrf;rdk;jcif;[laom teufoabm aMumif h / t"d y wd ? t"d y wd r nf \ / 0w¬ 0 pae? xd k p um;&yf ü / o[kyÜm'ea|emwd? o[kyÜm'e|e [lonfum;/ a,m"ar®m? tMuif ypönf;w&m;onf/ o,H? rdrdonf/ OyÜZÆrmaem? jzpfonf&Sdaomf/ twåem? rdrdESihf/ o[Zmw"ar®p? wuGjzpfukefaom o[Zmwf w&m;wdkYudkvnf;/ twåem? rdrdESihf/ oa[0? wuGomvQif/ OyÜm a'wd? jzpfap\/ wó xdko[Zmwm"dywdypönf;w&m;\/ twå em? rdrdESihf/ o[Zmw"r®meH? o[Zmwfjzpfaom ypö,kyÜefw&m; wdkYudk/ o[kyÜm'ea|e wuGjzpfjcif;[laomteufaMumifh/ o[Zm

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by Sa Masoyein Monastery, M

((From the last f week)

Let us explain this mer clearly. When there arise great and difficult manly enterprises, the accomplishment of such enterprise necessitates the arising of these four dominants, How? When ill-intentioned people encounter any such enterprise, their intention recedes. They are not willing to undertake it. They leave it, having no inclination for it, and even say: "The task is not within the range of our ability", As to well-intentioned people, their intention becomes full of spirit at the sight of such a great enterprise. They are very willing to undertake it. They make up their mind to accomplish the task, saying. "This has been set within the orbit of our ability", A person of this type is so persuaded by his intention that he is unable to give up the enterprise during the course of his under taking, so long as it is not yet accomplished. And since this is the case the task will some day arrive at its full accomplishment even though it may be a very great one. Now, let us turn to the case of men of the indolent class, when they come face to face with such a great task they at once shrink from it. They shrink from it because they foresee that they will have to go through great hardships and also undergo bodily and mental pain if they wish to accomplish it. As to the industrious man, he becomes filled with energy at the sight of it and wishes to set himself to it. He goes on through thich and thin with the performance of the task for any lenght of time. He never turns back from his exertions nor does he become disappointed. What he only thinks about is that such a great task cannot be accomplished without unswering efforts every day and every night. And this being the case the great task will certainly reach its end one day. Let us take the case of the feeble-minded. They also turn away when they see such a great task. They will certainly never think of it again. But it is quite different with the strong-minded person. When he sees such a task he becomes

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON PATTHANUDDESA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

awmfrlaom

'¨o'D-yeD-

DDESA DIPANI R SOPHY OF RELATIONS y

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. ayadaw U Nyana, Patamagyaw of Mandalay, Myanmar. awm? o[Zmwrnf \ / tbd b 0ea|emwd ? tbd b 0ea|e [lonfum;/ taZÑmwå&Pa|e? vTrf;rdk;jcif;[laom teufoabm aMumifh/ "dywd? t"dywdrnf\/ o[Zmwm"d y wd ü ypö n f ; ypö , k y Ü e f q uf p yf y H k u d k pMurif ; BuD ; ud k Oyrmaqmif í jyjcif ; ,xm? Oyrmrnfonfum;/ &mZmpuú0wåd? pMu0aw; rif;onf/ twåaem? rdrd/ yknd'¨d,m? aumif;rIwefcdk;tm;jzihf/ ouv 'Dy0godaem? tvHk;pHkaom uRef;oluRef;om;wdkYudk/ tbdb0aEÅm? taZÑmwå&aEÅm? vTrf;rdk;vsuf/ twåaem? rdrd\/ 0ao? tvdkü/ 0wåmaywd? jzpfap\/ 0g? vkdufap\/ ouv'Dy0god aem p? tvHk;pHkaom uRef;oluRef;om;wdkYonfvnf;/ wó? xdkpMu0aw; rif;\/ 0ao? tvdkü/ 0wåEÅd? jzpfukef\/ 0g? vdkuf&ukef\/ wxm? xdkYtwl/ t"dywd|meywåm? t"dywdt&modkY a&mufukefaom/ pwåm a&m? av;yg;ukefaom/ £ar"r®m? þypönf;w&m;wdkYonf/ twåaem twåaem? rdrd rdrd\/ 0doa,? t&mü/ o[Zmw"ar®? o[Zmwf jzpfaom ypö,kyÜefw&m;wdkYudk/ tbdb0EÅm taZÑmw¬&EÅm? vTrf;rdk; ukefvsuf/ twåaem? rdrd\/ 0ao? tvdkü/ 0wåmayEÅd? jzpfapukef \/ 0g? vdkufapukef\/ o[Zmw"r®m p? o[Zmwfjzpfaom ypö ,kyeÜ w f &m;wdo Yk nfvnf;/ awoH? xdo k [Zmwm"dywdypön;f w&m;wdYk \/ 0ao? tvdkü/ 0wåEÅd? jzpfukef\/ 0g? vkduf&ukef\/ o[Zmwm"d y wd ü ypö n f ; ypö , k y Ü e f q uf p yf y H k u d k ausmuf w k d i f p onf u d k Oyrmwpf e nf ; aqmif í jyjcif ; ,xm0g? Oyrmwpfenf;aomfum;? odvmxarÇm? ausmuf wdkifü/ yx0D"mwk? yx0D"mwfonf/ twåem? rdrdESihf/ o[Zmwm? wuGjzpfukefaom/ wdaóm? oHk;yg;ukefaom/ "mwka,m? awaZm "mwfç tmayg"mwfç 0ga,m"mwfwdkYudk/ O'uu©aE¨? a&tpkü/ tmayg"mwk? tmayg"mwfonf/ twåaem? rdrdESifh/ o[Zmwm? wuGjzpfukefaom/ wdaóm? oH;k yg;ukeaf om/ "mwka,m? yx0D"mwfç awaZm"mwfç 0ga,m"mwfwu Ykd /kd t*¾u d a© E¨? rD;us;D pkü/ awaZm"mwk? awaZm"mwfonf/ twåem? rdrEd iS /fh o[Zmwm? wuGjzpfuek af om/

highly interested in it. He is quite unable to dispel the thought of it. He is all the time wrapped up in thoughts about the task, and at its bidding sets himself to it for a long time, enduring all kinds of bodily and mental pain. The remainder should hereafter he explained in the same manner as the dominant intention above. Again a few words about unintelligent men. When they are confronted with such a task they become blinded. They know not how to begin nor how to go on with the work nor how to bring it to its end. They feel as if they had entered the dark where not a single light of inclination towards its performance has been set up to guide them. On the other hand___to take the more intelligent case–––when a person of this type has to tackle such a great task he feels as if he were lifted up to the summit of his intellect, whereupon he discerns whernce to start and whiter to end. He also knows what davantage and blessing will accure to him from its performance. He invents many devices for it easy accomplishment. He continue on with the work for along time; and so on and so forth. The rest should be explained in the same manner as the dominant effort––only inserting the words "with an enormous amount of investigation" in place of 'unswerving efforts' Thus, when there arise great and difficult manly enterprises, these four dominants become predominant among the means of their accomplishment. Owing to the existence of these four dominants there exist distinguished or dignified persons (personages) such as the Ominiscient Buddhas, the Pacceka Buddha, the most eminent disciples, the great disciples and the rodinary disciples. Owing to the appearance of such personages, there also appear, for the general prosperity and welfare of man-kind numerous** arts and sciences, as well as general articles of furniture to suit and serve human needs and wants under the canopy of civilization. End of the Adhipati-relation.

THE LEDI DHAMMA ON PAT.T.HA NUDDESA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

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TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/

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uHukokdvf tusKd;ay;w&m; umrcsrf;omrsm;yifwnf;/ c/ a0ae,swdkY vufa&Smif&efxm;um; psmefuo k v dk f tusK;d ay;w&m; wpfa,mufwnf;vnf; cHpm;? udk,fpdwfESpfyg;vnf; rysufjym;apaom psmefcsrf;omrsm;wnf;/ xdkpOf... 1/ vlom;wdkYonf umr&r®uf aysmfoavmuf ysufapaom umr*kPfig;yg; wdkYudk ESpfOD;csif;tMum;udk,fpDxm;vsufu aysmfyg;aeMupOf bk&m;&Sifonfum; uHpdwfrzuf psmefpdwfoufoufjzihf aysmfum;aysmf\ tysufr&Sdaom psmefcsrf;omrsm;udk wpfygwnf;xm; ÓPf0ifpm;vsufu cHpm;jyoaeawmfrl\/ vlusihfqdk onfvdkrSaygY[lí udk,fawGUjzihf ajymjyaejcif; wnf;/ 2/ bk&ifwdkYonf rif;xufrif; Ouif;wefqm aqmif;vdkMu&um; wpfyg;ESihf wpfyg; a'goyGm;vsuf ppfrufjzpfyGm;aeMupOf bk&m;&Sifonfum; udk,fum,tm;jzihf tEkdifr,l pdwfwefcdk;owdåtm;jzihf tEkdif,ljyonfyrm arwåmw&m; psmef0ifpm;vsufu vloHk;yg;wdkY\ OD;xdyfxuf wufjyawmfrl\/ bk&ifjzpfvdk onfvdkusihf[lí ukd,fawGUjzihfajymjyaejcif; wnf;/ 3/ wpf z ef &[ef ; tcsif ; csif ; twG i f ; yu© x<uaeMupOfum; bk&m;&Sifonf orumokc trnf&aom 0da0uoHk;yg;vHk;wnf&m eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;vsufu aeawmfrl\/ &[ef;qdk onfvdkrSaygY[lí udk,fawGUjzihf a[mjyaejcif; wnf;/ qdkvdkonfrSm

ABOUT THE DHAMMA

]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/

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SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DHAMMAPADA ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/

Comforting wisdom for life

olwpfyg;tjypfur kd &SmbJ rdr\ d tjypfukd ½I&m\ Seek not other's faults but your Own Nidrf;csrf;OD;

olwpfyg;wdkY\ ravsmfaom trIwdkYudk r½Irqifjcif&m? aumif;rI raumif;rIjyK-rjyKudk r½Irqifjcif&m? rdrdjyKNyD;aom aumif ; rI w d k Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? rjyK&ao;aom uk o d k v f w d k Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? BuH a wG ; qif j cif & m\/ One should not pry into the faults of others, into things done and left undone by others. One should rather consider what by oneself is done and left undone. . Na paresam vilomani; eya&oH 0d a vmrmed . na paresam kata-katam.

e ya&oH uwm uwH / twå a em0 ta0au© , s uwmed tuwmed p /

*gxm(50)

qefYusifbufvlwdkY\ qJa&;ajymqdkjcif;udk ESvHk;roGif;rdap&ef ]]eya&oH 0davmrmed}} tp&Sdaom? okwåEÅyd#u? ck'´u edum,? "r®y'ygVdawmf ykyæ0*fvm? þ"r®a'oemawmfudk jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sifonf om0wd¬jynfaZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;ae awmfrlpOf rMunfjzL ro'¨g £omrpä&d,aESmihf,SufvSaom yga0,s u trnf&&Sdaom tmZD0uudk taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmfrlyg onf / om0wd¬jynfü ol<u,fr wpfOD;onf yga0,s trnf&Sd aom tmZD0uudk om;t&if;uJhodkY rsm;pGmaom ypönf;OpömwdkYjzihf csD;jr§ihfapmihfa&SmufarG;jrLvsuf&Sdav\/ xdkol<u,fr\ tdrfeD;0ef; usifrS vlwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmf udk emMum;cJhMu&mrS tHhMowBuD;txl;xl; tjym;jym; tjcif;t&m rsm;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfawmfwdkYudk csD;rGrf;axmyem ajymMum;Mu ukef\/ ol<u,kfronf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ *kPfaus;Zl;pum;wdkYudk Mum;od&ojzihf bk&ma;usmif;awmfodkY oGm;a&muf w&m;emvdkonf jzpfí tmZD0utm; tBudrfBudrf twefwef ajymjyav&m tmZD0 u twefwef wm;jrpfydwfyifaeojzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; eufjzef eHeufwGif aetdrfodkY yifhzdwfí w&m;awmfem,ltHh[k BuHíncsrf; tcg om;i,fudkac:í jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudkyifhzdwfay;&ef apvTwf vdkufav\/ xdkom;i,fonf rdcifapcdkif;vdkufaom pum;jzihf aetdrf rSxGufcGmvmcJhNyD;aemuf a&SUOD;pGm tmZD0u xHodkY0ifav\/ tmZD0 uu ¤if;om;i,ftm; jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY oGm;a&mufryihf zdwf&ef ajymqdkav\/ xdkom;i,fu rdcif\ pum;udk ry,f0Hh aMumif; ajymNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;xHoGm;a&mufí yihfrnfhtaMumif; ajym\/ tmZD0uyu odkYjzpfvQif oifoGm;yihfacsavmh/ odkYaomf oifwdkY\ aetdrf&Sd&mudk rajymMum;cJh&ef rSmMum;vdkufav\/ xdkaeYü tmZD0uonf xdktdrfodkY apmapm vma&mufcJh NyD; rdrdtwGuf oD;oefYcif;usif;xm;aom tdrftaemufzuf&Sd tcef; ü aeav\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkY rnfonf oGm;tHhaom c&D;vrf;wdkYudk odawmfrlonfjzpfí xdkaeYeHeufapmapmuyifvQif oydwfouFef;udk

Attanova avekkheya; kata-ni akata-ni ca. Pay no attention to curses While residing at the Jetavana monastery in savattho, the Buddha uttered Verse (50) of the Suttanta pitaka, khuddaka Nikaya, THE DHAMMAPADA, the flowers (Pupphavagga, with referance to the ascetic Pa-veyya and rich lady. A rich lady of Savatthi had adopted Pa-veyya, an ascetic, as a son and was looking after his needs. When she heard her neighbours talking in praise of the Buddha, She wished very much to invite him to her house to offer him alms-food. So, the Buddha was invited and choice food was offered. As the Buddha was expressing appreciation (anumodana). Pa-veyya, who was in the next room, fumed with rage. He blamed and cursed the lady for venerating the Buddha. The lady heard him cursing and shouting and left so ashamed that she could not concentrate on the Buddha was saying. The Buddha told her not to be concerned about those curses and threats, but to concentrate only on her own good and bed deeds. Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows: Verse 50. One should not pry into the faults of others, in to things done and left undone by others. One should rather consider what by oneself is done and left undeone. At the end of the discourse the rich lady attanied Sotapati Fruition. Nayain Chan Oo

,lawmfrlí ol<u,frjzpfaom OygodumrBuD;\ aetdrfwHcg;0odkY <uawmfrlav\/ ol<u,frBuD;vnf; tdrfrSxGufí jrwfpGmbk&m;tm ig;yg; aom xdjcif;jzihf &Sdcdk;ylaZmfav\/ xdkYaemuftdrfwGif;odkY yihfzdwfí rGefjrwfaom qGrf;cJzG,fabmZOfwdkYjzihf qufuyfí tEkarm'em w&m; emMum;av\/ tmZD0onf ¤if;OygodumrBuD;onf rdrdtm; vSL'gef; pmrsuf E S m 37 od k Y

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umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/

y&[dwESihf a0,sm0pö okw(a&ToHvGif)

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rSwfxifvufcHxm;Muonf/ y&[d w tusd K ;jyKvk y f i ef ; onf bmoma&;pnf;rjcm; vlrsdK;a&;uefYowfcsuf rxm;? EkdifiHa&;rcGJjcm;bJ? avmutwGif;&Sd ouf & S d o wå 0 grS e f o rQ? wd & pä m ef y grusef tcuftcJrsm;rS vGefajrmufí aumif;usdK; vdk&mqE´rsm; jynhf0onfxufjynhf0atmif rdrdwdkY\ uHç ÓPfç 0D&d,pGrf;tm;&SdorQ BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifay;jcif;rsdK;omjzpfonf/ a0,sm0pöukodkvf,lvdkolrSmvnf; bmoma&;ç vl r I a &;ç Ed k i f i H a &;rcG J j cm;bJ wpfzufom; wpfyg;olwYkd vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G f aeaom trI u d p ö o nf tjypf u if ; í tukodkvfrjzpfvQif rdrd\apwemç 0goemç tepfemcHEdkifrIay:rlwnfí ulnDcsifaom pdwEf iS hf BuKd ;pm;aqmif&u G af y;&efomjzpfonf/ ,cktcsdeftcgwGif olwpfyg;wdkY\ tusd K ;pD ; yG m ;ud k a&S U wef ; wif O D ; pm;ay;í tcsdefç aiGç pGrf;tm; tajrmuftjrm; tukef tuscH? tyifyef;cH? tqHk;½IH;cHum tm;BudK; rmefwufulnDaqmif&GufaeMuolrsm;pGmudk jrif a wG U Mum;od & ygonf / trS e f w u,f csD;usL;av;pm;rdygonf/ odkYaomf y&[dw onf bmoma&;ESihfrqkdif? a0,s0pöonf vlrIa&;ESifhrqdkif[laom xifjrif,lqvufcH ,HkMunfxm;rIrsm;udk tjyeftvSefoHk;oyfí qifjcifqHk;jzwfoihfygonf/ avmuDaumif;usdK;onf vlom; aumif;usKd ;jzpfovd?k avmukw&å maumif;usKd ; onfvnf; vlom;aumif;usdK;omjzpfonf/ vl o m;rsm;tusd K ;&S d í tjypf u if ; onh f rnfuJhodkYaomtaMumif;udpörsdK;udkrqdk? rdrd vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEdkifaomtaetxm;ay: rlwnfNyD; Edkif&m0efxrf;Mu½Hkomjzpfonf/ þae&mü y&[dwç a0,sm0pöESihf ywfoufaom olwpfyg;tusdK;udk udk,fusdK; rzuf aqmif&GufcJhaom xHk;a[mif;om"u wpfckrSm bk&m;&Sifonf tavmif;awmfb0 ykPÖm;rsdK;üjzpfpOf t&G,fa&mufaomtcg &aoh 0 wf í [d r 0EÅ m awmif a jc&if ; wG i f wynh f & aoh a ygif ; ig;&mES i h f t wl w&m; bm0emyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeonf/ wpfcsed af omaEGumvwGif [dr0EÅm awmü a&&S m ;yg;jywf v yf í awmwG i f ; &S d aus;iSufwd&pämefrsm; twd'ku©a&mufae awmhonf/ xkdodkY awmwGif;wd&pämefrsm; a&&S m ;yg;rI a b;'k u © BuH K awG U ae&onf u d k

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/

&aohav;wpfyg;u jrifawGUod&NdS y;D ud, k cf si;f pm n§mwmoem;pdwfrsm;jzpfay:um opfyif BuD;wpfyifudk ckwfvSJí a&xnhfí&atmif tacgif;xGi;f azmufjyKvyk af vonf/ xdaYk emuf 0g;usnfaxmufjzihf a&cyfNyD; tNrJrjywf jznhfxnhfay;avonf/ awmwGif;&Sd aus;iSufwd&pämefrsm; a&tcuftcJrS vGwfajrmufum pdwfcsrf;om ud, k u f se;f rmvsu&f adS wmhonf/ &aohav;rSm pdwfapwemxufoefpGmESifh 0wå&m;rysuf a&udk cufcufcJcJ r&ç &atmif&SmazGNyD; cyfjznhfay;onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif a&&SmazG cyfae&onfEiS fh olt Y wGuf pm;p&m opfo;D t&SmrxGufEdkifbJ tpmtm[m&csd K UwJhvm onf/ odkYaomf rdrdpm;&zdkYudk t"durxm; owå 0 g trsm;csrf ; oma&;uk d o m vd k v d k vm;vm;ESihf a&udo k m tNrrJ jywf &SmazGcyf vsuf aqmif&u G f ay;aeonf/ tjzLa&mifarwåmESihf oefYpifaom apwemud k vl y if r u wd & pä m ef r sm;yif ol Y t wk d i f ; twmES i f h o l em;vnf v uf c H oabmaygufMuonf/ xdaYk Mumihf wpfaeYwiG f awmwG i f ; owå 0 grsm;pk ½ H k ; í &aoh a v;\ aus;Zl ; aMumif h ol w d k Y a&tcuf t cJ r S vG w f a jrmuf N yD ; csrf ; omrI & onh f t wG u f &aohav;udk aus;Zl;wkefYjyefonfhtaejzihf opfoD;rsm; &SmazGay;oihfaMumif; wkdifyif aqG;aEG;Muonf/ aemufaeYrSpí aus;iSuf wd&pämeftaygif;onf opfoD;rsdK;pHkudk &SmazG ,laqmifay;vmonfrSm vSnf; (12) pD;wdkuf avmuf&Sd\/ w&m;tm;xkwfaeaom &aoh ig;&mvHk; vHkavmufrQwpGm pm;aomufoHk; aqmif & avonf / y&[d w od k Y r [k w f a0,sm0pö ukodkvf&Sif&aohav;wpfyg;\ rSefuefajzmifh rwfaom pdwf"mwfESifh ½dk;om; BudK;pm;pGm vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh [dr0EÅmawm wGif;&Sd &aohig;&mvHk; opfoD;&SmrxGuf& awmh b J aus;iS u f w d & pä m ef taygif ; \ aus;Zl;wHkYjyefrI ESifh olawmf aumif;w&m;udk tcsdefjynhf ydkrdk BudK;pm;tm; xkwfEdkifav awmhonf/ þtjzpftysufudkMunhfvQif y& [d w a0,sm0pö u k o d k v f & S i f w pf O D ; aMumih f [dr0EÅmawmwGi;f &Sd aus;iSuw f &d pämeftaygif; ESihf &aohig;&mwdkY csrf;ompGmaexkdif&onhf iS u f twG u f ]]opf ] ]opf w pf y if a umif ; wpf a omif ; cd k } } pum;Oyrmtwk d i f ; jzpfaeawmhonf/

xdkYaMumifh vlonf rnfonfht&yf a'oç tajcaetaetxm;rsdK;wGif &Sdapum rl trsm;ywf0ef;usif tusKd ;&Srd nfh aumif;usKd ; jzpfxGef;Edkifaom taMumif;udpörsm;udk rdrd pGrf;tm;&Sdoavmuf vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufay; Edkif&efomvdkonf/ owdjyK&rnfrmS y&[dw aqmif & G u f ol o nf rd r d \ twå r meud k twwfEdkifqHk; csdK;ESdrfxdef;csKyfxm;&ygrnf/ a0,sm0pötrI jyKvkyfolrSmvnf; ]]typm ,e}} ac:aom ½dkaoav;pm;ESdrfcsrIukd tNrJ vufudkifxm;& rnf/ odkYr[kwfygu ]]igvkyf ay;vdkY&wm? igvkyfay;vdkY tqifajywm? igrdkYvdkY vkyfEdkifwm? igrulnD&if r&ygbl;}} [l a om 0g<um; axmif v T m ;? armuf r m cufxefrIrsm; 0ifa&mufae&m,lwwfonf/ xdt k cg rdr\ d apwem trIuo k v kd x f w k o Ykd nf apwem wjzpfvJ a0'embufodkY ajymif;vJ oGm;wwfonf/ y&[dwvkyif ef;udk twårmez,f&mS ; NyD; a0,sm0pötrIukd typm,eESifh xde;f odr;f apmifha&SmufoGm;ygu xifwdkif;vnf;a&muf? c&D;aygufNy;D trsm;tusKd ;aqmifaomaMumihf udk,hftusdK;vnf; rvGJ{uefatmifjrifygvdrfh rnf/ vlom;b0 þavmuBuD;udk pdrf;vrf; pdkajyvSy tpOfat;csrf;Muapvdk aom ]]y& [dwESihf a0,sm0pö}} pdwfxm;&SdMu olrsm; onf t&yfa'oç t&mXmewkdif;udk jrifwwf aomrsufpd? Mum;wwfaomem;ESihf cHpm; wwf a omES v H k ; om;wd k Y j zif h vl E S i h f y wf 0 ef ; usifavmuBuD;wpfcGifudk aumif;usdK;awG trsKd ;rsKd ;jyKjyifun l aD y;Edik Mf uap&ef&nfoefí r[mAk'¨0ifrS usrf;NyD;ed*Hk;qkawmif;cef;pmydk'f av;udk xyfqihfrQa0vkdufygonf/ y&ó- ol w pf y g;wd k Y \ ? tw¬ H tusdK;ukd? tukAÁawm- rjyKaomol\tzdkY &m? ouaw¬m- rdrdtusdK;onf? ew¬d- r&SdEdkif/ eaw¬0- wu,fhudk r&SdEdkif/ £'H- þpum; onf? opöH- rSef\/ ykeyd- wzefvnf;? opöHrSef\/ £wd- þodkY? bkZH- vuf½Hk;udk? Ou©dyÜcs;D ajrm§ ufí? 0kpaö w- qdt k yf\ (0g) qdak vmh/ £wd- þodkY? 0peawm- u0dxdkxdkyk*¾dKvfwdkY rdefYqdkawmfrlMujcif;aMumifh? oyÜK&dao[d? olawmfaumif;rSeforQwdkYonf? y&aw¬m0olwpfyg;\tusdK;udkomvQif? umwaAÁmtOD;xm;um jyKxdkufpGm\/ y&aw¬- ol wpfyg;\tusdK;udk? orÜm'dawye- jynhfpHk aptyf o nf & S d a omf u m;? ouaw¬ m - rd r d

tusdK;onf? orÜaEémemr- jynhfpHkonfom vQifrnf\/(olwpfyg;tusKd;aqmif udk,fh tusKd;atmif)qif;&Jcsrf;omowå0gtaygif; aumif;usdK; vdk&mqE´jynhf0ygap/ ok w (a&T o H v G i f ) pmrsuf E S m 35 rS qkdygonf/ ]]igonf r&çr&Sd rif;od0d [k trsm; u owfrSwfxm;onhftwkdif; ighxH tvSLcH orQ yk*¾Kdvfrsm;tm; r&[laom ypönf;[lí r&Sd? apwem o'¨gw&m; xufoefpGm ay;vSL cJhygonf/ rsufpdrjrifaom ykPÖm;BuD;rS ig\ rsufvkH;wpfvkH;ukd tvSLcH&mwGif apwem xufoefpGmjzihf igonf rsufvkH;ESpfvkH;pvkH; vSLcJhygonf/ igonf ukodkvfaumif;rIjyK &m wGif ykAÁ? rkÍö? y&apwemokH;yg;pvkH; r,k w f r avsmh jyKvk y f c J h y gonf / þopö m pum;onf rS e f u ef y gu ig\rsuf v k H ; ES p f v k H ; pvk H ; jyef j rif y gapownf ; }} opö m w&m;\wef c k d ; onf tH h M o zG,faumif;avpG/ ol\rsufvkH;rsm;xJodkY wjznf;jznf; tvif;a&mif0ifvmNyD; ywf0ef; usifukd a0a00g;0g;jrif&mrS Munfvifjywf om;pGm jrifvm&onf/ ]]ig ig rsufpdjrifNyD}}od0drif;BuD; onf vGefpGm 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;omjzpfonf/ olYrsufvkH; jrifNyD [laom owif;u t&d| yl& wkdif;jynfwpfckvkH;ukd ysHUESHYoGm;onf/ ppfolBuD;ESifh rSL;rwfrsm;? rdzk&m;acgifBuD;ESihf armif;rrdóHrsm;onf olYteD;odkY 0ef;&Hvm Muonf/ ]]t&Sifrif;jrwf rsufpdjrifNyDvm; bk&m;}} ]]t&S i f rsuf v k H ; yuwd j rif w m 0rf;omvScsnhfbk&m;}} ]]armif a wmf b k & m;? eef ; awmf u k d jyef < uygbk & m;}}ol o nf ppf o l B uD ; ? ppfonf&Jruf? rdzk&m;rsm;ESihftwl eef;awmf ukd jyef<u&ef jyifqifygonf/odMum;rif; onf ol\rdzk&m; rsm;? ppfonf&Jrufrsm;ukd qkH;ronf/ ]]toifrif;BuD; ukodkvfaumif;rI jyKvkyf&mrSm rarhravsmhavESihf}} olonf t&d|yl&jynftm; w&m; ESihftnD tkyfcsKyfí tvSL'gersm;ukd touf xufqkH; jyKcJhygownf;/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

pmrsuf E S m 19 rS wJhaemufrSm t&Sifr[muóyrax&fjrwf BuD;[m omoemawmfrSm tBuD;qkH;rax&f BuD;? acgif;aqmifrax&fBuD;tjzpfeJY oHCm xkukd OD;aqmifawmfrl&w,f/ tcsKdUaom odu©myk'fao;i,fwmav;awGukd rusihfbJ vnf; aevkdY&w,f? usihfcsifvnf; usihfvkdY &w,fvdkY rdefYawmfrlxm;wJh jrwfpGmbk&m; pum;awmf&Sdayr,hf ao;onfjzpfap? BuD; onfjzpfap jznhfusihfwm taumif;qkH;yJ vdkY rax&fjrwfBuD;u rdefYawmfrlwmukd oHCm xkuvnf; tm;vkH;twnfjyKvufcHNyD; oH*g ,emwifawmfrlcJhMuw,f/ tJ'D rax&fBuD; rsm;&J U yxroH * g,emwif w J h r l t wd k i f ; vkdufemusihfokH;aewJholrSeforQukd ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ b momvk d Y ac:ygw,f / jref r mEk d i f i H Ak ' ¨ b momeJ Y jref r mawG & J U Ak ' ¨ b mom ,Ofaus;rIESpfckudkvnf; cGJjcm; ajzqkday;& ygr,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH Ak'¨omoem uawmh awmifykdif;ax&0g' Ak'¨omoem tppfjzpf ygw,f/ oHCmawmfawGuvnf; ax&0g' *kdPf;0if oHCmawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmawG&JU,Ofaus;rIykHpHawGu awmh ax&0g',Ofaus;rI? r[m,me*kdPf;cGJ jzpfwJh wdAufwEÅ&,me? [dE´LjA[®P0g'? urÇmOD;ewfukd;uG,frIeJY jrefrmwdkY&JU ukd,fykdif Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rIawGudk a&marTxm;wJh ñT e f Y a ygif ; ,Of a us;rI j zpf y gw,f / bmom ,Ofaus;rIwpfck[m a'o? umvtvkduf ajymif;vJoGm;&wm? rlv tajccH&SdESihfNyD;jzpf wJh ,Ofaus;rIta[mif; awGeJY yl;aygif;a&m ,S u f o G m ;wmu "r® w mygyJ / tjcm; ,Ofaus;rIqkdif&mawG[m b,fvkda&m,Suf aeae bmoma&;w&m; qkdif&m usihfBuHrI awGawmh ax&0g'yd#uwf awGtay:rSm vk H ; 0tajccH x m;wJ h t wG u f jref r mEk d i f i H Ak'¨bmom[m ax&0g'Ak'¨ bmomppfw,f vdkY qkdEkdifygw,f/ pH 0 if ; / / ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomqkd wJ h p um;uk d vl w d k i f ; eD ; yg; ajcajcjrpf j rpf odolenf;vSygw,f/ tckvkd q&mawmfu &S i f ; jyrS y J wynh f a wmf w k d Y v nf ; *CeP od&awmhw,f/ aus;Zl;rsm;vkdufwm bk&m;? pdwf&Snfvuf&SnfeJY wynhfawmfwkdYukd tck vdk &Sif;jywJhtwGuf q&mawmfudk aus;Zl; vnf; txl;wifygw,f/ ykdNyD;awmh vnf; q&mawmf ukd tm;ukd;pdwf? MunfnKd pdwfawG

wdk;vmwm trSefygyJbk&m;/ 'geJY q&mawmf wd k Y wynh f a wmf ar;avQmuf csif w m wpfck&Sdygw,f/ tJ'guawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmf r l c J h w J h w&m; tES p f csKyf u b,f[mygvJbk&m;/ tJ'D tcsufudkvnf; arwå m a&S U xm;NyD ; ajzMum; ay;awmf r l ygOD;bk&m;/ pma&;ol / / jrwf p G m bk & m; a[m awmfrlxm;wJh w&m;awmfawGu yd#uwf ok H ; oG , f ? ed u m,f i g;&yf ? "r® u © E ¨ m aygif ; &Spfaomif;av;axmif (84000) ukdawmh tifrwefus,f0ef;ygw,f/ omrefeJY odzkdY rvG,fulvSbl;/ 'gayr,hfvnf; vdk&if;ukd xkwf? tESpfcsKyfvkdufawmh opömav;yg;ygyJ/ ouf&SdoufrJh jrifjriforQ tm;vkH;[m tNrJ r&Sdbl;/ tpOfwpkduf ajymif;vJaewJh ysufpD; aewJ h ted p ö w &m;awG o m jzpf w ,f / rajymif; vJ rysufpD;bJ wnfNrJaeatmif ukd,fhqE´ twkdif; jzpfatmifvkyfvkdYr&wJh tpkd;r&wJh tewåw&m;awGomjzpfMuw,f/ 'Dvkd rNrJrI tpkd;r&rIaMumifh ukd,fcspfwJholeJY auGuGif; &rI? vkdcsifwmr&rI 'ku©? rcspfwJh oleJY aygif; azmf&rI? rvdktyfwJh ab;'ku© tEÅ & m,f a wG e J Y tpOf r jywf BuKH a wG U &rI ? 'ku©awGjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;u jzpfjzpforQ ocFg&tm;vkH; [m 'ku©opöm (qif;&JrItrSef) w&m;wpfyg; jzpfw,fvkdY a[mawmfrlygw,f/ tJ'g qif;&JrIawG[m vkdcsifwyf ruf pGJvrf;rIqkdwJh avmbw&m;aMumihfom jzpfw,f/ qif;&JaMumif;avmb[m ork', opöm vkdYac:wJh 'kwd,trSefw&m;wpfck jzpfw,f/ tJ ' D v k d c sif w yf r uf r I avmb taMumif;w&m;r&SdcJh&if qif;&JrIawG[m vnf ; r&S d a wmh b l ; / tJ ' D qif ; &J t m;vk H ; csKyfNidrf;&medAÁmefqkdwJh eda&m"opöm? wwd, trSefw&m;qkdwmvnf; txift&Sm;&Sdw,f/ tJ'D'ku©tm;vkH; csKyfNidrf;&medAÁmefudk &ap a&mufapEkdifwJh usifhpOf&Spfyg; trSefw&m; r*¾opöm qkdwmvnf; &Sdw,f/ qif;&Jwmukd &GHUrkef;&if qif;&JrIukd jzpf a pwJ h vd k c sif r I a vmbuk d y,f & r,f / vkdcsifrIr&Sdawmh&if qif;&JrIr&SdwJh at;jr csrf;omwJh edAÁmefukd a&mufEdkifw,f/ tJ'D edAÁmefukd a&mufatmif usihfBuHenf; r*¾if &Spfyg;w&m;udkvnf; bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;

jyoay;cJhw,f/ bk&m;&Sifa[mcJhorQ a[m Mum;jyoay;cJhw,f/ bk&m;&Sifa[mchJorQ yd#uokH;ykH? edum,fig;&yfukd tusOf;csKH; vkdufawmh 'DtrSefw&m;av;yg;yJ&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh (pwkopö0dedrkawåm "ar®memr ew¦d) trSefw&m;av;yg;u vGwfwJh w&m; &,fvdkY r&Sdbl; vdkY a[mawmfrlw,f/ Ak ' ¨ b momawG aeY p Of v k y f a ewJ h 'ge? oDv? bm0em? bmoma&;udpörSeforQ [m 'DtrSefw&m;av;yg;ukd odzkdYyJ jzpfyg w,f// quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf pmrsuf E S m 6 rS a[mwk/ £'H ar 'geH aAm"dÓPó ypö a,m a[mwk/ ]]vuf & S d c E¨ m ? rwG , f w mbJ ? aemif v mb0? rawmif h w bJ ? 'k u © Zmwf o d r f ; Nid r f ; &mtrS e f ? ed A Á m ef & nf r S e f ; vS L 'gef ; yg\}}/ ]]cE¨ m 'k u © o pö m ? 0d y gu0#f rS uRwf&ygvdk\? vGwf&ygvdk\}} BudKufovdk &G w f q d k í om vS L 'gef ; oif h M uayonf / þonfwdkYum; oHo&m&Snf qkawmif;rsm; r[kwfbJ oHo&mjywfqkawmif; rsm;jzpf onfudk rSwfom;Mu&efjzpfonf/ vkdufem Mu&efomjzpfonf/ (*) rdrdwdkYwpfawG qkawmif;awG rsm; aeygonf/ ]]tarQmf}} awG rsm;aeygonf/ ]]taw mif;}} awG rsm;aeygonf/ tarQmf ]]tawmif awG - tawmif ; awG o nf &,l v d k j cif ; oabmud k aqmif a eonf j zpf & m b0 Zmwf o d r f ; 'k u © r Nid r f ; Ed k i f b J b0vJ v S , f ,l v d k j cif ; omjzpf o nf / þ'k u © r Bud K uf ao;í xdk'ku©udk awmif;,ljcif;omjzpfay onf/ ]]ew¬d cE¨orm 'ku©m}} ("r®y'- *gxm- 202) cE¨mESihfwlaom 'ku©r&Sd[laom Ak'¨ bk&m; a[mMum;xm;ay&m b0cE¨m xyf&&Sd vQif 'ku©cE¨mxyfNyD; cHpm;&OD;rnfomjzpfyg onf/ cE¨m&&Sdojzihf cE¨m\aemufqufwGJ rsm;jzpfaom tkdjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;? pwm awGuvnf; tpkvkduf? tyHkvkduf vmMuOD; rnf o mjzpf a yuwm;/ ]]tarQmf } } ES i h f ]]tawmif;}} wdkYonf ]]tay;}} oabmxuf ]]t,l}} oabm ,ljcif;oabmudkaqmifae onfudk owdjyK awmfrlMu&efjzpfygonf/ earmor® m orÁ K '¨ ó -rH k & G m aeZm

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

Samaññaphala Sutta Desana(Discourse on the advantage of a Samana's Life) [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if

pl V oD v rif;BuD;? &[ef;onftb,fodkYvQif tusihfoDvESihfjynhfpHk oenf;/ rif;BuD; þavmuü &[ef;onf toufowfjcif;udk y,f í touf o wf j cif ; rS a &S m if M uOf \ / wk w f u d k c sxm;NyD ; jzpf \ / vufeufudkcsxm;NyD;jzpf\/ &Sufjcif;&Sd\/ oem;wwf\/ cyfodrf; aom owå0gwdkY\ tpD;tyGm;udk vdkvm;vsufae\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ray;onfudk ,ljcif;udky,fíray;onfudk ,l j cif ; rS a&S m if M uOf \ / ay;onf u d k o m,l \ / ay;onf u d k o m tvdk&Sd\/ rcdk; r0SufpifMu,faom udk,fjzihfae\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDv aywnf;/ rjrwfaomtusihfudky,fí jrwfaomtusihfudkusihf\/ ,kwfaom tusihfudkusihfavhr&Sd/ &GmolwdkY\ tavhjzpfaom arxkef tusihfrSa&SmifMuof\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ rrS e f a jymjcif ; ud k y ,f í rrS e f a jymjcif ; rS a&S m if M uOf \ / trS e f u d k o m qd k a vh & S d \ / rS e f a ompum;csif ; quf p yf a p\/ wnfaompum;&Sd\/ ,HkMunfxdkufaom pum;&Sd\/ avmuudk vSnhfpm;wwfolr[kwf/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ ukH;pum;udk y,fí uHk;pum;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ xdkolwdkYxH rS em;axmifí? xdkolwdkYESihf þolwdkY uGJjym;jcif;iSm þolwdkY xHü rajymwwf/ þodkYuGJjym;MuolwdkYudkvnf; aphpyfwwf\/ nDñTwfol wdkYukdvnf; tm;ay;wwf\/ nDñGwfjcif;ü arGUavsmf\/ nDñGwfjcif; ü aysmfydkuf\/ nDñGwfjcif;udk ESpfouf\/ nDñGwfjcif;udk jyKaom pum;udk qdkavh&Sd\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvay wnf;/ Murf;aompum;udk y,fíMurf;aompum;rSa&SmifMuOf\/ tMuif pum;onf tjypf u if ; \/ em;csrf ; om\/ ES p f v d k z G , f & S d \ / ESvHk;odkYouf\/ ,Ofaus;\/ vltrsm;ESpfouf\/ vltrsm; ESpfNcdKuf \/ xdkodkYoabm&Sdaom pum;udkomqdk\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef; \ oDvwnf;/ Nydefzsif;aompum;udky,fí Nydefzsif;aom pum;rS a&Smif MuOf\/ oihfaomtcgüom qdkavh&Sd\/ [kwfonfudkom qdkavh&Sd \/ tusKd;ESihf pyfonfudkom qdkavh&Sd\/ w&m;ESihfpyfonfudkom qdkavh&Sd\/ tqHk;trESihf pyfonfukdom qdkavh&Sd\/ oifhaom tcg ü taMumif ; ES i h f w uG a om tyd k i f ; tjcm;&S d a om tpD ; tyG m ;ES i h f pyf a om rS w f o m;avmuf a om pum;ud k o mqd k a vh & S d \ / þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ rsKd;aphtaygif; tyiftaygif;udk zsufqD;jcif;iSm a&SmifMuOf \/ qGrf;wpfeyfompm;avh&Sd\/ npmpm;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ aevGJpm;jcif;rSa&SmifMuOf\/ ujcif;? oDjcif;? wD;rIwfjcif;? olawmf aumif;w&m;\ ql;aji§mihfjzpfaom yGJMunhfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/

CULA SILA "How, O King, is his conduct good?" 'In this, O King, that the Bhikkhu having abstained from taking the life of any living being, refrains from the destruction of life. He has laid the stick and the weapon aside, he has moral shame and dread; shows kindness to ward all beings; and is full of solicitude for the welfare of all sentient beings. This is that Bhikkhu's morality. Having abstained from the taking of what is not givin, the Bhikkhu refrains from taking what is not given to him. He takes only what is given to him; appreciates the giving by others; and lives in honesty and purity of heart. Having abstained from unchastity, the Bhikkhu practises chastity. He refrains from the vulgar practice and also from the sexual act which is the practice of the country folk. Getting rid of lying words, the Bhikkhu refrains from falsehood. He speaks truth, and nothing but the truth; faithful and trustworthy, he does not break his word to the world. Getting rid of stander, the Bhikkhu refrains from calumny, what he hears here he does not repeat elsewhere to raise a quarrel against the people here; what he hears elsewhere he does not repeat here to raise a quarrel against the people there, Thus he binds together those who are divided, encounrages those who are friends make peace, loves peace, is impassioned for peace, a speaker of words leading to peace. Getting rid of rudness of speech, the Bhikkhu refrains from using harsh language. He speaks only those words that are blameless, pelasant to the ear, lovely, reaching to the heart, polite, pleasing to the peop0le and beloved of the people. Getting rid of frivolous talk, the Bhikkhu refrains from vain conversation. At appropriate times the speaks, in accordance with the facts, words full of meaning, on the Doctrine, on the vinaya. And at the right time he speaks workds worthy to be noted in one's mind, fitly illustrated and divided according to relevancy of facts. The Bhikkhu refrains from causing injury to seeds and plants. He takes only one meal a day, not eating at night, and refrains from taking food after midday. He refrains from dancing, singing, playing music and witnessing shows with dances singing and music. He refrains from wearing, adorning or ornamenting himself with garlands, scents, and ointments. He refrains from the use of lofty and spacious resting places. He refrains from accepting gold and silver. He refrains from accepting unccoked grain. He refrains from accepting raw meat. He refrains from accepting women or young girls.

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

yef;yefjcif;? eHYomjc,fjcif;? eHYomaysmif;vdrf;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ jrifhaomae&m jrwfaomae&mrSa&SmifMuOf\/ a&TaiGudk cH,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ aumufpdrf;udk cH,ljcif;rSa&SmifMuOf\/ tom;pdrf;udk cH,ljcif;rSa&SmifMuOf\/ rdef;rtdk? rdef;rysKdukd cH,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ uRefrdef;r uRefa,musfm;udk cH,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ qdwfESihfodk;udk cH,ljcif; rSa&SmifMuOf\/ Muuf0ufudk cH,ljcif;rSa&SmifMuOf\/ qif? EGm;? jrif;? jrnf;udk cH,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ v,fESihfv,f,mudk cH,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ 0,frI? a&mif;rIrSa&SmifMuOf\/ csdefpOf;vJ? tojym pOf;vJ? jcifwG,fwdkif;wm pOf;vJjcif;wdkYrS a&SmifMuOf\/ jzwfjcif;? owfjcif;? aESmifzGJUjcif;? c&D;oGm;ponfwdkYudk vk,ufjcif;? &Gmed*Hk;wdkY udk zsufqD;jcif;/ "m;jywdkufjcif;wdkYrSa&SmifMuOfjcif;? þonfvnf; &[ef;wdkY\ oDvaywnf;/

rZÑd r oD v xdkYjyifvnf; tcsKdUaom t&SiforP? jAm[®mPwdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaomoHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif þodkY aom rsKd;aphtaygif;? tyiftaygif;? zsufqD;jcif;udk jyKvsufaeMu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;? tjrpfrsKd;aph? yifpnfrsKd;aph? tqpfrsKd; aph? tnGefYrsKd;aph? ig;ckajrmuftaphrsKd;aphwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þ okdYaomrsKd;aphtaygif;? tyiftaygif;udk zsufqD;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf;? tcsKdUaom t&SiforPjAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfívSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif? þodkY aom od k r S D o H k ; aqmif j cif ; ud k jyKvsuf a eMu\/ þonf w d k Y u m; tb,fenf;/ qGrf;udkodkrSD;jcif;? tazsmfudkodkrSD;jcif;? t0wfudk odkrSD; jcif;? ,mOfudkodkrSD;jcif;? tdyf&mudk okdrSD;jcif;? eHYomudkodkrSD;jcif;? tjcm; pm;oHk;zG,fudk odkrSD;jcif;wdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkYaom okdrSD;oHk; aqmifjcif;rSa&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsKdUaom t&SiforP? jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfívSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif þodkY aom olawmfaumif;w&m;\ ql;ajimifhjzpfaom yGJMunhfjcif;udk jyKvsufaeMu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ ujcif;? oDjcif;? wD;rIwfjcif;? obifyGJ? pma[myGJ? vuf0g;wD;yGJ? aMu;eif;cGufcGif; ponfwD;yGJ? yef;csDjyyGJ? oHvHk;upm;yGJ? 0g;axmifí upm;yGJ? t½dk; aq;yGJ? qifwdkufyGJ? jrif;wkdufyGJ? uRJwdkufyGJ? EGm;wdkufyGJ? qdwfwdkufyGJ? odk;wdkufyGJ? MuufwdkufyGJ? iHk;wdkufyGJ? wkwfodkif;yGJ? vufa0SUxdk;yGJ? vufyrf;vHk;yGJ? ppfxdk;yGJ? ppfonfppfaq;yGJ? ppfqifyGJ? ppftifusif;yGJ wdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkYaom olawmfaumif;w&m;\ ql;ajimihf jzpf a om yG J M unh f j cif ; ponf w d k Y r S a&S m if M uOf \ / þonf v nf ; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsKdUaom t&SiforP? jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmif MuNyD;vQif arhavsmh aMumif;jzpfaom avmif;upm;jzpfjcif;udk jyKvkyfvsuf&Sdae\/ þonfwdkYonfum; tb,fenf;/ &SpfuGuf usm; upm;jcif ; ? q,f u G u f u sm;upm;jcif ; ? aumif ; uif u sm; upm;jcif;? zd;k vrif;usm;upm;jcif;? Z,fawmufupm;jcif;? tefupm; jcif;? usnf;om;½dkufupm;jcif;? pkwfcwfa&;upm;jcif;? a*:vD upm;jcif;? yDyDrIwfupm;jcif;? xGefi,fjzihf upm;jcif;? uRrf;xdk;upm; jcif;? pMumjzihfupm;jcif;? jcifcGufi,fjzihf upm;jcif;? tu©&m

He refrains from accepting slave-servants of either sex. He refrains from accepting sheep or goats. He refrains from accepting fowls and big. He refrains from accepting elephants, cattle, horses and mares. He refrains from accepting agricultural or walse land. He refrains from acting as, an ambassador or messenger. He refrains from buying and selling. He refrains from cheating with scales or coins or measures. He refrains from the cunning ways of bribery, cheating and fraud. He refrains from causing physical injury to anyone, murder, putting in bonds. These are that Bhikkhu's morality. Here ends the Cula Sila (the Minor Morality) MAJJHIMA SILA (The Medium Morality) Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generious, cause injury to seedlings and growing plants whether propagated from roots or stems or joints or buddings or seeds, the Bhikkhu refrains from causing such injury to seedlings and growing plants. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, use hoarded things––––foods, drinks, clothings, conveyances, bedding, scents, and any catables, the Bhikkhu refrains from storing such things up. Whereas some samana and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, visit shows; (which are these shows? They are:) . niccam (dance); gitam (singing of songs);vaditam . (playing instrumental music) pekkam (theatrical shows); akkha . nam (telling stories with a mingling of doggeral and rhymes); . panissaram (music attended by clapping); vetalam (playing music by means of cymbals); kumb thathunam (playing . drums); sobhanakim (art exhibitions);canda la-vamsadhovanam (acrobatic feats on the top of a hoisted bamboo pole); combats of elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, sheep, cocks, and quails; Exercising self-defence with quarterstaff, boxing, wrestling; Sham-fights, roll-calls; meanoeuvres, troop-inspection., The Bhikkhu refrains from visiting the above-mentioned shows. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generious, indluge in the following games and recreations: . attha padam (Games on cheess boards or boards . with eight rows of squares); dasa padam (Games on chess - - . boards or boards with ten rows of squares); akasam pariha ra-patham (Such games played by imagiining such boards in . the air); Santikam (Games somewhat akin to hopscotch; or drawing diagrams on the gounds, in which one steps only . . where one is allowed to); Khalikam (Throwing dice);ghatikam (Hitting a short stick with a long one; games akin to tip-cat); . Salakahattham (A play where the hand is dipped in dye and . used as abrush); akkham (Games with balls of all sizes); pangaciram (Blowing through toy pipes made of leaves or . papers); Vankakam (Ploughing with miniature ploughs); . mokkhacikam (Turing somersaults); cingulikam (Playing with toy measure);

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

0Sufupm;jcif;? pdwftBuHazmfwrf; upm;jcif;? usKd;a,mifuef; a,mifjyKí upm;jcif;wdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkYaom arhavsmh aMumif;jzpfaom avmif;upm;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xd k Y j yif v nf ; tcsKd U aom t&S i f o rPjAm[® P wd k Y o nf ,HkMunfí vSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif þodkY aom jrihfaomae&mudk oHk;pGJjcif;jyKvsufaeMu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;? jrifhvGef;aom ae&m? yv’if? arT;&SnfaumfaZmBuD;? qef;Mu,faom om;arG;tcif;? jzLaom om;arG;tcif;? yef;ajymuf jc,fom;arG;tcif;? vJoGwftcif;? ½kyfyHkjc,fom;arG;tcif;? ESpfzuf arG;&Sdtcif;? wpfzufarG;&Sd tcif;? opfeufa&tcif;? 0Hydkifha&tcif; jrwf? eDaomrsufESmMuufESihf tHk;eDESpfzuf&Sdae&mwdkYwnf;/ &[ef; onf þodkYaom jrihfaomae&m? jrwfaomae&mrS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsKdUaom t&SiforP jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif? þodkY aom vdrf;jc,fjcif;? qif,ifjcif;udk jyKvkyfaeMu\/ þonfwdkY um; tb,fenf;/ eHYomjzihf yGwfoyfjcif;? qDjzihfqkyfe,fjcif;? eHYom jzihf a&csKd;jcif;? vuf½HJk;BuD;xGm;&ef xk½dkufjcif;? rSefMunhfjcif;? rsufpOf; aq;jc,fjcif;? yef;yefjcif;? eHYomjc,fjcif;? eHYomajymif;vdrf;usHjcif;? rsufESmudk jc,fjcif;? rsufESmudk vdrf;usHjcif;? vuf0wfwefqmqif jcif;? aoQmifx;kH jcif;? vufuikd w f w k af qmifjcif;? usnaf wmufv, G jf ci;f oefvsufaqmifjcif;? qef;Mu,faom xD;udkaqmif;jcif;? qef;Mu,f aom zdeyfudk pD;jcif;? oif;uspfzGJUjcif;? ywåjrm;qHusifxdk;jcif;? om;NrD; ,yfaqmifjcif;? tNrdwf&Snf0wfjzLwdkYudk 0wfjcif;wdkYwnf;/ &[ef; onf þodkYvdrf;jc,fjcif; qif,ifjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfum; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xd k Y j yif v nf ; tcsKd U aom t&S i f o rPjAm[® P wd k Y o nf ,HkMunfí vSLaomoHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif þodkY aom zDvmpum;udkajymvsufaeMu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf; rif;ESihfpyfaompum;? cdk;olESihfpyfaom pum;? trwfBuD;ESihf pyfaom pum;? ppfonfESihfpyfaompum;? aMumufzG,fESihfpyfaom pum;? ppfxdk;jcif;ESihfpyfaompum;? pm;zG,fESihf pyfaompum;? aomufzG,f ESihfpyfaompum;? t0wfESihfpyfaom pum;? tdyf,mESihfpyfaom pum;? yef;ESihfpyfaom pum;? eHYomESihfpyfaompum;? aqGrsKd;ESifh pyfaompum;? ,mOfESihfpyfaompum;? &GmESihfpyfaom pum;? ed*Hk; ESihfpyfaompum;? NrdKUESifhpyfaompum;?e,fESihfpyfaom pum;? rdef;r ESifhpyfaom pum;? a,musmf;ESihfpyfaom pum;? ol&Jaumif;ESihf pyf aompum;? vr;fESihfpyfaompum;? a&cyfqdwfESihfpyfaompum;? aovGefoleSihfpyfaompum;? taxGaxGESihfpyfaompum;? avmu taMumif;ESihf pyfaompum;? ork'´&mESihfpyfaompum;? BuD;yGm;jcif; qkwf,kwfjci;fESihfpyfaompum;wdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkYaom zDvmpum;udk ajymjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk &[ef; \ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsKdUaom t&SiforPjAm[®P wdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif þodkYaom pum;udkajymvsufaeMu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,f enf;/ oifonf þ"r®0de,udkrod? igonf þ"r®0de,udkod\/

. ralhakam (Playing with toy . chariots); dhamukam (playing with toy bow); akkharikam (A game where. one has to find out the missing letter or letters); manesikam (Guessing otherss thoughts); yathavajjam (Games involving mimicry of deformities); The Bhikkhu refrains from such games and recreations. These are that monk's morality. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, use high and luxurious resting place such as: An extra long chair or spacious couch; Thrones with annimal figures carved on the supports: Carpets or coverlets with very long fleece; patchwork counterpans of many colours; White blankets; Woollen coverlets richly embroidered; Quits stuffed with cotton wool; Coverlets embroidered with figures of lions, tigers, etc; Rugs with fur on both sides or with fur on one side; Coverlets embroidered with gold threads, or silk coverlets; Carpets woven with furs; Elephants, horses, or chariot rugs; Rugs of antelope skins sewn together; Carpets with awnings overhead; Sofas with red pillows for the head and feet. The Bhikkhu refrains from using such high and luxurious resting places. Such is that Bhikkhu's morality. Whereas some samana and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, use means for adorning and beautifying themselves, such as: Rubbing scented powder on one's body, massaging with oil and balhing with scents. Massaging or patting the limbs so as to develop muscles, The use of mirror, eye-ointments, garlands, rouge, cosmetics, face powders, make-up, bracelets, top-knot, walking-sticks, tubes or pipes for holding anything, swords, umbrellas, embroidered slippers, turbans, diadems, whisks of the yak's tail and long-fringed white robes. The Bhikkhu refrains from such means of adorning and beautiful the person. Whereas some samanas or brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, are addicated to such low talks as these; Talks about kings, robbers, and ministers of state; armies, dangers and war; eating and drinking, clothes and dwellings, garlands, perfumes; relations, chariots, villages, markets, towns and districts; women and heroes; Street talks, talks by the well; Talks about those departed in days gone by; Tittletattle; Talks about land and sea; and gain and loss. The Bhikkhu refrains from such low talk. Whereas some samanas and brahmans. While living on food provided by the philanthropic and gonerous, enter into wrangling conversations, such as: You don't understand this Dhamma and Vinaya, I do.

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

oifonf þ"r®0de,udktodkY odEkdiftHhenf;/ oifonf rSm;aom tusih f & S d o l j zpf \ / igonf r S e f a om tusih f & S d ol j zpf \ / ig\ pum;onf aphpyf\/ oif\ pum;onfraphpyf/ oifonf a&SUOD;qdk oihfonfudk aemufrSqdk\/ aemufrSqdkoifhonfudk a&SUOD;qdk\/ oif\ MumjrihfpGm avhvmxm;aom pum;onf oifhqDodkY jyefvSnhf í wnfavNyD/ oifht,lü&Sdaom tjypfudk igwifjyNyD; oifta&; ed r h f N yD / igwif j yaom tjypf r S v G w f a jrmuf & ef & S m BuH a csOD ; avmh / tu,fí pGrf;EkdifvQifvnf; ,ckyif ajz&Sif;avmh/ þonfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkYaom tjiif;pum;udk ajymjci;frS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf;? tcsdKUaomt&SiforP? jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaomoHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif? wref trI taptyg;trI aqmif&Gufjcif;udk jyKvsufaeMu\/ þonfwdkY um; tb,fenf;/ rif;wdkY\? trwfBuD;wdkY\? rif;rsdK;wdkY\? ykPÖm; wdkY\? ol<u,fwdkY\? vkvifysdKwdkY\ þt&yfrS xdkt&yfodkYoGm;avmh/ xdkt&yfrS þt&yfodkYvmavmh/ þonfudk xdkt&yfrS aqmifcJhavmh [laom trIwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkYaom wreftrI? taptyg; trIaqmif&Gufjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDv aywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsdKUaom t&SiforP? jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfívSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif? vmbf tvdkYiSm tHhzG,fvnf;jzpfapukef\/ ajr§mufyihfívnf; ajymukef\/ t&dyftjcnfvnf;jyukef\/ twif;tMuyfvnf; jyKukef\/ vmbf jzihf vmbfudkvnf; &SmrSD;ukef\/ þonfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf þodkY aom vmbftvdkYiSm tHhzG,fjzpfapjcif;? ajr§mufyihfjcif;ponfwdkYrS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ r[moD v xdkYjyifvnf;? tcsdKUaom t&SiforPjAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaomoHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG;Mu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ t*Fusrf;? edrdwfusrf;? OyÜgwusrf;? td y f r uf u srf ; ? vu© P musrf ; ? <uuf u d k u f u srf ; ? rD ; yl a Zmf j cif ; ? a,mufrjzihfylaZmfjcif;? zGJjzihfylaZmfjcif;? qefuGJjzihfylaZmfjcif;? qefjzihf ylaZmfjcif;? axmywfjzihfylaZmfjcif;? qDjzihfylaZmfjcif;? cHwGif;jzihf ylaZmf jcif;? aoG;jzihfylaZmfjcif;? t*F0dZÆmtwwf? ajrMueftwwf? rif;rIa&; &mtwwf? ab;Nidrf;jcif;udk jyKaomtwwf? bkwfwapätwwf? ajrtdrüf • oif,&l aomtwwf? a>rtwwf? tqdyt f wwf? uif;Nr;D aumuftwwf? <uufceJ muk twwf? iSuo f t H wwf? us;D oHtwwf? toufa[mtwwf? jrm;vGJtwwf? om;jrnfoHtwwf þonfwdkY wnf;/ &[ef;onf rSm;aomtoufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvm twwfjzihf toufarG;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef; \ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsdKUaom t&SiforP jAm[®P wdkYonf? ,HkMunfívSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif rS m ;aom touf a rG ; rI j zpf a om? þod k Y a om zD v mtwwf j zih f toufarG;Mu \/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ ausmufrsufvu© Pm? t0wf txnfvu©Pm? wkwfawmifa0S;vu©Pm? "m;vu© Pm? oefvsuf vu©Pm? jrm;vu©Pm? av;vu©Pm? <uif;aom

How should you know about this Dhamma and Vinaya? You are practising wrong views. It is I who practise the right one. I am talking about relevant facts, whereas you are not. You speak last what ought to be spoken first, and first what ought to be spoken last. All that you have practised is upset. I have pointed out the fault in your views. I have reproved you. Set to work to rebut my statements. Do so yourself if you can. The Bhikku refrains from such wrangling conversations. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, work as mediators and messengers, such as: Acting as mediators and messagers of kings, ministers of state, royal families, brahmans, or youths, saying: Go there, come here, take this with you, bring that from that place. The Bhikkhu refrains from such servile duties. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, are tricksters, chanters of holy words for gain, interpreters of signs and omens, exorcists, and endeavour to obtain a lot of money from others after spending a little of their own. The Bhikkhu refrains from such trickeries and deceptions. Such is that Bhikkhu's morality. Here ends the Majjhima Sila (The Medium Morality) - MAHA SI LA. (The Mijor Morality) Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their living by wrong means of livelihood, by low arts, such as: Prophesying long life, prosperity, etc, or the reverse, from marks on limbs, hands and feet of a person; Divining by means of omens and signs; Auguries drawn from thunderbolts; Prophesying by interpreting dreams; Palmistry on Chiromancy; Auguries from the marks ganwed by mice Fire- oblation Offering oblations from a ladle; Making offerings to goods of husks, of broken rice, of rice, of ghee and of oil; Offering oblations from the mouth; Sacrifice of human blood to gods; Fortune telling concerning the loss of properties and sickness; Determining whether the site for a proposed house or garden is lucky or not; Public administration; Knowledge of appeasing charms; Laying ghosts; Knowledge of charms to be pronounced by one living in an earth- house; Snake charming; The poison craft; The scorpion craft; The art of curing rat- bites; The bird craft; The crow craft; Foretelling the number of years that a man has to live, Charms to ward off arrows; Charms to understand the language of animals. The bhikkhu refrains from such low arts. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their living by wrong means of livelihold, by low arts, such

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

vufeufvu©Pm? rdef;rvu©Pm? a,musfm;vu©Pm? owdkYom; vu©Pm? owdkY orD;vu©Pm? uRefa,musfm;vu©Pm? uRefrdef;r vu© P m? qif vu©Pm? jrif;vu©Pm? uRJvu©Pm? EGm;vm; vu©Pm? EGm;vu©Pm? qdwfvu©Pm? odk;vu©Pm? Muufvu©Pm? iHk;vu©Pm? zGwfvu©Pm? txGwfuPÖdum vu©Pm? vdyfvu© Pm? om;aumifvu©Pm þonfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf rSm;,Gif; aom toufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG; jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvaywnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsdKUaom t&SiforP jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfí vSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif rSm;aom touf arG ; rI j zpf a om þod k Y a om zD v mtwwf j zih f touf a rG ; Mu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ rif;wdkY ppfxGufvwåHU/ rif;wdkY ppfjyef vwåHU/ jynfwGif; rif;wdkY ppfwufvwåHU/ jynfyrif;wdkY ppfqkwf vwåHU/ jynf y rif ; wd k Y ppf w uf v wå H U / jynf w G i f ; rif ; wd k Y ppf q k w f v wå H U / jynfwGif;rif;wdkY ppfatmifvwåHU/ jynfyrif;wdkY ppf½IH;vwåHU/ jynfy rif;wdkY ppfatmifvwåHU/ jynfwGif;rif;wdkY ppf½IH;vwåHU/ þodkYþrif; ppfEdkifvwåHU/ þrif; ppf½IH;vwåHU[laom twwfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef; onf rSm;aomtoufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvay wnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsdKUaom t&SiforP jAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunfívSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzpfaom? þodkYaom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG;Mu \/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ vMuwfvwåHU? aeMuwfvwåHU? eu©wfMuwfvwåH? vaewdkY vrf;rSefoGm;vwåH? vaewdkY vrf;vGJoGm; vwåH? eu©wdkY vrf;rSefoGm;vwåH? eu©wfwdkY vrf;vGJoGm;vwåH? Ouúm usvwåHU? BudwfxGufvwåHU? ivsifvIyfvwåHU? rdk;xpfBudK;vwåHU? vae eu©wfwdkYwufjcif;? oufjcif;? arS;rSdefjcif;? awmufyjcif;jzpfvwåHU? vMuwfjcif;aMumifh xdkodkYtusdK;jzpfvwåHU? aeMuwfjcif;aMumifh þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? eu©wfMuwfjcif;aMumifh þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? vaewdkY vrf;rSefoGm;jcif;aMumifh þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? vaewdkY vrf;vGJoGm;jcif;aMumifh þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? eu©wfwdkY vrf;rSef oGm;jcif;aMumifh þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? eu©wfwdkY vrf;vGJoGm;jcif; aMumifh þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? Ouúmusjcif;aMumihf þodkY tusdK; jzpfvwåHU? BudwfxGufjcif;aMumihf þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? ivsifvIyf jcif;aMumihf þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? rdk;xpfBudK;jcif;aMumihf þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? vaeeu©wfwdkY wufjcif;? oufjcif;? arS;rSdefjcif;? awmufyjcif;aMumihf þodkY tusdK;jzpfvwåHU? þonfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef; onf rSm;aomtoufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDv aywnf;/ xd k Y j yif v nf ; tcsd K Uaom t&S i f o rPjAm[® P wd k Y o nf ,HkMunfívSLaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkYudk oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG;Mu \/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ rdk;aumif;vwåHU? rdk;acgifvwåHU? 0ajymvwåHU? acgif;yg;vwåHU? Nidrf;csrf;vwåHU? ab;rsm;vwåHU? a&m*g rsm;vwåHU? a&m*guif;vwåHU? vufcsdK;a&jcif;twwf? *Pef;twwf?

as: Knowledge of the signs of good and bad qualities and of the marks denoting the health or luck of their owners in: Gems, apparel, staves, swords and spears, two- edg ed swords, arrows, bows, other weapons, women, men, boys, girls, slaves, slave- girls, elephants, horse, buffaloes, bulls, oxen, goats, sheep, fowls, quails. iguanas, bucks and deer. The Bhikkhu refrains from such low arts. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their living by wrong means of livelihood, by low arts, such as: Predictions to the effect that– The chieftains will march out; the cheftains will march back; our chiefs will attack, and the enemy will retreat; the enemy will attack and ours will retreat; our chief will win the battle and the foreign chiefs will suffer defeat; the foreign chief will win the battle and ours will suffer defeat; thus this chief will succeed and that chief not. The Bhikkhu refrains from such low arts. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their living by wrong means of livelihood, by low arts, such as foretelling that there will be an eclipse of the moon, of the sun, of a constellation; that the sun or the moon will go on its usual course, there will be aberration of the sun or the moon, or that the constellations will go on their usual course, that there will be aberrations of the constellations; that there will be a fall of meteors, disa- - da-ha ("skyglow"), an unusual redness of the horizon, that there will be an earthquake, that there will be a wild Devadundubhi (a supernatural rumble), that there will be rising and setting, clearness and dimness, of the sun or the moon or the constellations. The Bhikkhu refrain from such low arts. Whereas some and samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their livelihood by such wrong means, by such low arts as:– foretelling an abundant rainfall, a deficient rainfall, a good harvest, a bad harvest or scarcity of food, tranquillity, disturbances; peslilence, a healthy season, counting on the fingers, by menas of arithmetic; by means of formulae, prosody, . loka-yatam (popular lore and custom.) The Bhikkhu refrains from such low arts. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their living by wrongful means of livelihood, by low arts, such as– effecting marriages in which the bride or bridegroom is brought home, or sent forth, effecting betrothals, or divorces, saving money, expending money, subhagakara. . nam (using charms to make people happy), dubbhagakaranam (using charms to make people unhappy), giving medicine to preserve the foetus in cases of abortive women, incantations to make the tongue stiff, to make the jaws of a person stiff, to make a man throw up his hands, to bring on deafness, making use of a mirror to obtain answers to questions put to it, obtaining oracular answers through a girl possessed, from a god, the worship of the sun, of the Brahma-, bringing forth

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

ocsFmtwwf? uAsmtwwf? avmum,wusrf;twwf þonfwdkY wnf;/ &[ef;onf rSm;aomtoufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvm twwfjzihf toufarG;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef; \ oDvwnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsdKUaom omrPjAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunf ívSLaom oH;k aqmifz, G w f u Ykd kd oH;k aqmifMuNy;D vQif rSm;aom touf arG ; rI j zpf a om þod k Y a om zD v mtwwf j zih f touf a rG ; Mu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ owdkYorD;aqmif,lí xdrf;jrm;jcif;? owdkYorD;ay;í xdrf;jrm;jcif;? aphpyfay;jcif;? uGm&Sif;ay;jcif;? Opöm od r f ; qnf ; apjcif ; ? Opö m jzef Y j zL;apjcif ; ? usuf o a&wd k ; apjcif ; ? usufoa& ,kwfapjcif;? ukd,f0efrwnfNrJonfudk wnfNrJapjcif;? vQmckdifapjcif;? ar;ckdifapjcif;? vuf[efYrEÅmefpkwfjcif;? em;yif;rEÅmef pkwfjcif;? rSefü ewfoGif;íar;jcif;? owdkYorD;ü ewfoGif;íar;jcif;? ewfar;jcif;? aeudkvkyfauR;jcif;? jA[®mudk vkyfauR;jcif;? cHwGif;rS rD;awmufapjcif;? od&dewforD;udk yihfac:apjcif;? þonfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkYaom zDvmtwwf jzihf toufarG;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonfvnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDv wnf;/ xdkYjyifvnf; tcsdKUaom omrPjAm[®PwdkYonf ,HkMunf ívSLaom oH;k aqmifz, G w f u Ykd kd oH;k aqmifMuNy;D vQif rSm;aom touf arG ; rI j zpf a om þod k Y a om zD v mtwwf j zih f touf a rG ; Mu\/ þonfwdkYum; tb,fenf;/ ewfudk;jcif;? awmif;qkjynhfí ewf yl a Zmf j cif ; ? bk w f w apä t wwf u d k avh u sih f j cif ; ? ajrtd r f ü aeí oiftyfaom twwfudkavhusihfjcif;/ y@Kufudk a,musfm;jzpfap jcif;? a,musfm;udk y@Kufjzpfapjcif;? ajrMueftwwfudk avhusifh jcif;? aqmufvkyfrnhfajr&mü tpDt&ifjyKjcif;? cHwGif;aq;jcif;? a&csdK;jcif;? rD;ylaZmfjcif;? ysdKUtefapjcif;? 0rf;oufapjcif;? ovdyf ponf a'gowdkYudk xGufapjcif;? em;qDcsufjcif;? rsufpOf;qDcsufjcif;? ESmESyfjcif;? xufaomrsufpOf; aq;azmfjcif;? at;aomrsufpOf; aq;azmfjcif;? wdrfovmudk aq;ukjcif;? cGJpdwfukojcif;? oli,fem aq;ukjcif;? rlvaq;wdkYudk ay;jcif;? temaq;wdkYudk uyfjcif;? cGmjcif;? þonfwdkYwnf;/ &[ef;onf rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzpfaom þodkY aom zDvmtwwfjzihf toufarG;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ þonf

flames from one's mouth, invoking the goddess of luck. The Bhikkhu refrains from such low arts. Whereas some samanas and brahmans, while living on food provided by the philanthropic and generous, earn their living by wrongful means by low arts, souch as– vowing gifts to a god if a certain benefit be obtained, observing such vows, practising ghost craft, practising arts and crafts while lodging in an earth house, causing, virility, causing femininity preparing sites for buildings and consecrating them, causing a person to vomit, causing a person to take a bath, offering sacrificial fires, administering emetics, purgatives, expectorants and phlegmagogues, causing blood and other inpurities to come out of the head and thus relieving it, preparing oil for people's ears, preparing oil to be used as eyedrops, administering drugs through the nose, preparing powerful eyedrops, preparing eyedrops that produce a cooling effect, curing cataracts, practising surgery, practising as a children's doctor, administering oviginal grugs and medicines, and preparing new hurgs and medicines. The Bhikkhu refrains from such low arts. Such is the morality of this Bhikkhu. Here ends the MAHA SI LA(end of the Major Morality) (To be Contined) Hanthawaddy- U Ohn Kyaing

vnf; xdk&[ef;\ oDvwnf;/ rif;BuD;- pifppfrlum;? þodkY oDvESihfjynhfpHkaom xdk&[ef; onf ,if;odYk oDvapmifx h ed ;f jcif;ESipfh yfí rnfonht f aMumif;aMumihf rQ ab;udkrawGUjrif&/ rif;BuD;- tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom &efoludky,fNyD;aom rif;onf? &efolESihfpyfí rnfonhftaMumif;aMumifhrQ ab;udkrawGU jrif&ouJhodkY þtwl þodkYoDvESihf jynhfpHkaom&[ef;onf oDv apmifhxdef;jcif;ESihfpyfí rnfonhftaMumif;aMumifhrQ ab;udk rawGU jrif&/ xdk&[ef;onf þjrwfaom oDvtpkESihf jynhfpHkonfjzpfí? rdrdoEÅmefü tjypfuif;aom csrf;omudk cHpm;\/ rif;BuD;- &[ef; onf þodkYvQif oDvESihfjynhfpHkay\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if

pmrsuf E S m 4 rS &r,fqdkwm 'g Ak'¨&JU vrf;ñTefcsufyJ/ vrf;ñTefcsufu tusdK;vdkcsif &if taMumif;udk wnfaqmuf&r,f/ [kwfuJhvm;/ tusdK;vdkcsif&if tusdK;udk wkduf½dkuf,lvdkYr&bl;/ taMumif;udk vkyf&r,f/ taMumif; w&m;udk zefwD;ay;rS tusdK;w&m;&rSm/ 'gaMumifh apawm0drkwåd vdkYac:wJh vGwfajrmufwJhpdwf uav;&zdkY&mtwGuf r&ihfusufao;wJh vGwfajrmufwJhpdwfuav;udk &ihfusihfvmatmif b,ftaMumif;w&m;awGu jzpfapEdkifwmwkef;vdkY qdkwmudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u arCd, okwåef rSm a[mxm;w,f/ arCd,okwåef jzpfay:vmyHkZmwfvrf;av; enf;enf;ajym &r,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m; wpfcgwkef;u pmvd, vdkYqdkwJh NrdKUem;u pmvdum qdw k hJ awmifay:rSm oDwif;oH;k aexdik w f ,f/ awm&ausmif; rSmaew,fayhg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk teD;uyfjyKpkaewJhyk*¾dKvfu &SifarCd, vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u &SiftmeE´mr[kwfao;bl;/ &SifarCd, u jrwfpGmbk&m;udk teD;uyfjyKpkw,f/ pmvdum awmifuaeqif;NyD; aeY p Of q G r f ; cH < uaewJ h ZEÅ K qd k w J h &G m av;&S d w ,f / uk v m;emrnf a yh g aemf / wpf a eY u sawmh &S i f a rCd , [m Ak ' ¨ j rwf p G m ud k 0wfBuD;0wfi,fjyKNyD;awmh pmvdumawmifay:uaeqif;NyD;awmh ZEÅK qdkwJh &Gmuav;udk qGrf;cH<uw,f/ wpftdrfwpfZGef; 'um? 'umrrsm; avmif;vSLwJhqGrf;awGeJY oydwfav;udkydkufNyD; vrf;ab;rSm ukodkvf&Sif awGu Z&yfuav;awG? aqmufxm;Muw,f/ tJ'DrSmxdkifNyD;awmh qGrf;bkOf;ay;w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYwkef;qdk&if ta0;BuD;qdkawmh ausmif; udkjyefNyD; ro,fEdkifbl;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

yg&rD -10 yg; (1)

,cif t ywf r S t quf avmuwpf c k v k H ; arS m if t wd z k H ; cJ h NyD / rd z k & m;BuD ; ES i h f armif ; rrd ó H w d k Y \ id k ½ I d u f oHrsm;ukd Mum;ae&onf/ ]]&ufpufvScsnfvm;? armifawmf bk&m;}} ]]b0qkH;ygayhg armifawmfrif;BuD; &JU..}} 'geyg&rD u k d jznh f c G i f h & NyD [ l a om yDwdjzihf ol\&ifum; csrf;ajrUvSygonf/ tcef ; (3) Munh f a v&m&m yd e f ; yd w f a om tarSmifxk zkH;vTrf;aeonf/ bmrSrjrif&/ rnf;eufaom tarSmifxak tmufwiG f olb Y 0 t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhaecJhNyD/ rdzk&m;acgifBuD;ESihf wuG rdzk&m;i,frsm;? armif;rrdóHrsm;ukd tem;od k Y rvm&ef trd e f Y x k w f x m;ojzih f ol&Sdae&m eef;awmf\ txufjymom'fwpfck vkH; wdwfqdwfaeonf/ olYteD;wGif pdwfcs&aom twdkif yifcH 0efrif;wpfOD;om&Sdonf/ olYvkd tuef; wpfa,mufu wkdif;jynfukd rnfodkYtkyfcsKyf Ekdifrnfenf;/ od0drif;BuD;onf 0efrif;tm; ajymvkdufonf/ ]][Jh 0efrif;}} ]]bk&m;}} ]]ppfolBuD;csKyfudk ac:prf;}} ]]rSefvSygbk&m;}} ol\trdefYawmftwkdif; a&SUawmf arSmufodkY ppfolBuD; tcpm;a&mufvmcJh onf / ]][Jh ppfolBuD;}} ]]rSefvSygbk&m;? uRefawmfrsKd;BuD; tcpm;a&muf&SdaeaMumif;yg bk&m;}} ]]wdkif;jynftm; oihfudktyfw,f/ oif [ m rif ; usif h w &m; q,f y g;ES i h f t nD wkdif;jynfudktkyfcsKyf? rif;vkyfNyD;ae&pfyg/ ig[m a&Teef;awmfeJY rxkdufwef awmhbl;/ a&Teef;awmfrSm raeoihfawmhbl; 'gaMumih f igh u k d O,smOf w G i f ; rS m ausmif ; ocF r f ; av; aqmuf a y;yg/ tJ ' D ausmif;ocFrf;rSm &aoh&[ef;b0eJY w&m; tm;xkwfNyD; ig aer,f/ ihgteD;rSm tvkyf tauR;jyKzkdY taptyg;wpfa,muf xm;ay; yg}} od0drif;BuD;u trdefYawmfrSwfyg onf/ ]]rSefvSygbk&m;? trdefYawmftwkdif;

armif c spf n d K (yJ c l ; )

jzpfap&yghr,fbk&m;}} ppfolBuD;onf olYtay: vGefpGm aumif;ol? trdefYukd emcHwwfoljzpfonf/ eef ; O,smOf t wG i f ; ck d i f c H h a umif ; rG e f a om ausmif ; ocF r f ; ud k aqmuf v k y f u m ol Y u k d ajymif;a&TUay;onf/ taptyg;wpfOD;udk vnf; olYteD;wGif xm;ay;onf/ od0drif; Bu;D tzkYd &aoh&[ef;b0jzihf w&m;ukd BuK;d pm; usihfBuHtm;xkwfonf/ odkYaomf rjrif&onhf rsufuef;b0 onf olYudk ESdyfpufygonf/ ol \ &if x J w G i f rsuf v k H ; ES p f v k H ; vS L &aom tvS L twG u f Munf E l ; yD w d j zpf & ygonf / jrif a wG U aeus ywf 0 ef ; usif ½ I c if ; rsm;ud k rjrifawGUEkdifawmh aomb0? avmuBuD; wpfckvkH; tarSmifxk zkH;vTrf;aeaomb0? ol Y t wG u f t"d y Ü g ,f uif ; rJ h a eouJ h o d k Y cHpm;&onf/ olonf O,smOfxJ&Sd tyif&dyfwGif xkdif&if; rsufpdrjrif&onhf pdwfa0'emukd cHpm;aerdonf/ xkdpOf ajcoHwpfckukd Mum; vkduf&onf/ rsufpdrjrifolonf tMum; tm½kHxufjrwfwwfonf/ od0drif;BuD;onf ajcoHMum;&modkY em;pGihfonf/ ]]toif b,folvJ}} ]]uREf k y f od M um;rif ; jzpf w ,f / toif od0drif;BuD; tb,ft&mukd tvkd &SdovJ/ uREfkyf zefqif;ay;Ekdif&if zefqif; &atmif vma&mufjcif;jzpfw,f}}

]]oif[m odMum;rif;rSef&if toihf &JUwefckd;eJY uREfkyfukd aojcif;w&m;ay;yg? uREfkyf aovkdygw,f}} olonf tvkdqE´&Sd&mudk awmif; vkdufonf/ rsufpdrjrifaomb0jzihf touf r&Sifvkdawmhyg/ odMum;rif;u ar;onf/ ]]toif od0drif;? toif[m bm aMumihf aojcif;ukd qkawmif;wmvJ/ aovdk í qkawmif;jcif;avm? rsufpdrjrifojzihf aovkdjcif;avm}} ol rnmvkdyg/ xkdYaMumihf trSef twkdif;ajymonf/ ]]odMum;rif;? ig[m rsufpdrjrifvdkY aovkdjcif;jzpfw,f? rsufrjrifb0eJY touf &Sif&jcif;[m b0rSm t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhvSw,f}} odMum;rif;u olYtm; ajymonf/ ]]toif r if ; BuD ; opö m qk d w m tvG e f t pG r f ; xuf j ruf v S y gw,f toif rif ; BuD ; ? toif [ m yk P Ö m ;u rsuf v k H ; wpf v k H ; yJ tvS L cH w muk d rsuf v k H ; ES p f v k H ; vSLcJholjzpfw,f/ tJ'D tvSLukd opömqkd qk a wmif ; yg/ tuREfkyf odMum;rif;[m rSefaom opömukd yHhykd;NyD; qkawmif;jynhfatmif ulnD yghr,f}} odMum;rif;\pum;u ol\&ifukd yD w d j zpf a ponf / ol o nf jyKcJ h z l ; aom ukodkvf\ BuD;rm;aomxkxnftm; opöm pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

oifb,foGm;rvJ tdkvlom;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

ESpfav;ESpftMumqdkawmh (11) ESpft&G,f a&mufvmwJh ,uúef;onfrav;[m zcifqD xrif;ydkYzdkY ,uúef;½HkxGufvmcJhw,f/ vrf;rSm bk&m;&Sif&JU w&m;yGJeJY BuHKwmeJY w&m;0ifem w,f / 'D t rsd K ;orD ; i,f u d k bk & m;&S i f ukd,fawmfjrwf vGefcJhwJhoHk;ESpfavmufu r&PmEkówdur®|mef; pD;jzef;zdkY wdkufwGef; cJhwJhtwGuf oHk;ESpfwmumvywfvHk; r&Pm Ekówdur®|mef; pD;jzef;wJh tJh'Duav;rudk iJhNyD; tmV0Djynfudk jrwfpGmbk&m; (3)ESpf tMumrSm wpfacgufjyef<uawmfrv l mcJyh gw,f/ <uvmNyD;w&m;a[mawmh y&dowf rsm;pGmeJY w&m;a[mwJhae&mrSm tJh'Dy&dowf rsm;pGmudk bk&m;&SifriJhbJ (11)ESpft&G,f ,uú e f ; onf r av;ud k bk & m;&S i f v S r f ; ar; awmfrlw,f/ ]]cspforD; oifb,ft&yfu vmcJh ovJ } } ]]wynf h a wmf r od y gbl ; bk & m;}} vdkYajz w,f/ rif;b,fuvmvJqdk&if tdrfuvm w,f? tvkyfuvmw,f 'DvdkyJajzMurSmyg/ uJ..tck r&PmEkówd(3)ESpfwm pD;jzef; cJ h w J h u av;ru bk & m;&S i f & J U pd w f u d k r S e f ; NyD ; awmh ]]rod y gbl ; bk & m;}} vd k Y a jzw,f / bk&m;&Sif&JU qdkvdk&if;tmabmfudk tJh'DtrdsK; orD ; i,f r D w ,f / ajzEd k i f w ,f / tmV0D jynf & S d w J h wjcm;w&m;emy&d o wf a wG rodbl;/ rajzEdkifMubl;/ ]][Jhaumif;rav; rdkufvdkufwm? td r f u vmw,f v d k Y a vQmuf v d k u f a ygh / bk & m;uar;awmf r l a ewmud k b,f h E S , f h rodbl;vdkY ajymvdkufwmvJ ½dkif;vdkufwm}} ab;uvl a wG u ? teD ; tem;uvl a wG u / jrwfpGmbk&m;u y&dowfudk xdef;vdkufawmh y&dowfNird o f mG ;w,f/ 'DawmhrS 'kwd,ar;cGe;f

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

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MORAL AND ETHICS "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

à from the back cover

àaemuf a usmzH k ; rS - a

that embodies as the gospel of universal "Maitri" and Ahimsa.

av;yg;taxmuftyHh trSefwu,f vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/ (ygarmu©q&mawmfa'gufwm0,fydkvm&S&D&m[kvm) (c) vl r I a &;ES i h f p m&d w å a &;qd k i f & mpnf ; urf ; Ak'¨bmomt& jyKjyifrI\ ta&;tBuD;qHk; aomhcsufrSm vlrIa&;ESihf pm&dwåqdkif&m pnf;urf;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;pm&dwåqdkif&m pnf;urf;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm prf;ppfavhvmMunhfMurnfqdkygvQif urÇm avmuu od&Sdxm;aom pm&dwåqdkif&m pnf;urf;rsm;teuf tjypf tui;fqHk; tjynfhpHkqHk; pnf;urf;jzpfonfudk od&sdMu&rnfjzpfyg onf/ þtcsufESihf ywfoufí &efolwdkYbufrSaomfvnf;aumif; rdwfaqGrsm;bufrSaomf vnf;aumif;? vmorQ axmufcHcsuf tm;vH k ; u oabmud k u f n D M uygonf / 'óed u tawG ; tac: ynm&Sifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&; a[majymMuolrsm;? odrfarGUaom b0&yfwnfrIESihf trSefw&m;wdkYudk prf;ppfavhvm olrsm;? jiif;csux f w k w f wfMuolrsm; onfvnf;aumif;? &Sad umif;&SMd u ygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf þuJhodkYaom wu,fppfrSefonhf arwåmw&m; rsdK; aygufzGm;vmjcif;rsdK;udk uREfkyfwdkY tb,frSm awGUEdkifMuygrnf enf;/ þarwåmw&m;onf trsdK;Zmwf? t,l0g'ESihf tom;a&mif ponfwdkYaMumifh cGJjcm;jcif;rjyKyg/ Muifemoem;wwfMuolwdkY\ e,fedrdwftydkif;tjcm; tuefYtowfudkyif jynhfvQHausmfvGefoGm;ap onhfarwåm? t&Sdeft[kefjyif;xefpGmjzihf ysHUESHUoGm;&mwGif? tm½HkcHpm; wwfMuonhf owå0gwkdif;udk axG;ydkufEdkifaom pMu0VmarwåmESihf tMuif e mw&m;wd k Y \ a&S U aqmif v rf ; jy Mo0g' usrf ; pmtvm; yHkaqmifxm;aom arwåmw&m;omjzpfygonf/ (*smref y nm&S i f ? ygarmu© r uf p f r l v m) (*) pm&d w å [ l o nf vG w f v yf r I t ay:tajccH \ Ak'b ¨ mom pm&dwq å idk &f m tusiafh umif;rsm;onf? vlwpfO;D csif;pD\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIjzpfonhf vGwfvyfrItay:wGif tajccHay onf/ odkYtwGuf ¤if;onf aygif;pnfqufpyfrIoabm&Sdavonf/ uREf k y f w d k Y \ ud k , f c E¨ m tjyif t yrS yk * ¾ d K vf w pf O D ; wpf a ,muf u twif;tMuyfjyKvkyfcdkif;jcif;? odkYr[kwf tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif;rsdK; &Sdae ygu? pm&dwåtajccHrIqdkonf r&SdEkdifyg/ tvm;wl udk,fusihfodu©m w&m;\ tajccHoabmvnf; &SdEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/ (*smref y nm&S i f ? tem*g&d u ? bD ? *d k A if ' g) (C) rd e f Y q d k a wmf r l c suf r sm;onf opf q ef ; vwf q wf vuf a wG U usNyD ; aygif ; pnf ; Ed k i f p G r f ; &S d \ vltcsif;csif;tMum;ü xm;&SdMu&rnhf arwåmw&m;ESihf pdwfoabmxm;aumif;&SdrIqdkif&m jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmf rlaom w&m;awmfudk þae&mü olrsm;wumwdkYxuf em;vnfvG,f Edkifapatmif tdrfwGif;a&;? vlrIa&;? pm&dwåynm&yfrsm;wGif tao; pdwfí a[mMum;xm;ygonf/ pnf;urf;usihf0wfjzpfonhf ]]0denf; a'oemawmf}} onf tvGefyif pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;NyD;? tajccHus onhf udk,fusihfw&m;rsm;udk tvGefw&mBuD;jrwfawmfrlonhf tod ÓPfynmjzihf owfrSwfrdefYqdkawmfrlcsufrsm;jzpfygonf/ ,if;tqdktrdefYrsm;onf xdkpOftcgu tdE´d,EdkifiHwGif tusKd ;oufa&mufapcJo h nfeh nf;wl? ,ckwidk v f nf; opfqef;vwfqwf vufawGUMuNyD; aygif;pnf;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh "r®rsm;jzpfonf[k rSefuef pGm qdkEdkifygonf/

(Prof. Max Muller, a German Seholar)

(c) Morality is based on freedom! Buddhist morality is based on freedom, i.e on individual development. It is therefore relative. In fact there cannot be any morality nor any ethical principle if there is compulsion on determination from an agent outside ourslves. (Anagarika B.Govinda, A German Scholar)

(d) His Utterancess Are Fresh and Practicable The Buddha's doctrine of love and good-will between man and man is here set forth in domestic and social ethics with more comprehensive detail then elsewhere....And truly we may say even now of this vinaya, or code of discipline, so fundamental are the human interests involved, so same and wide is the wisdom that envisages them, that the utterances are as fresh and practically as binding today and here as they were then at India. "Happy would have been the village or the clan on the banks of the Ganges, where the people were full of the kindly spirit of fellow-feeling, the noble spirit of justice which breathes through these uaive and simple sayings" (Prof.Rhys Davids)

(e) Knowledge and morality In Buddhism there can be no real morality without knowledge, no real knowledge without morality; both are bound up together life heat and light in a flame. What constitutes "Bodhi" is not mere intellectual enlightennent, but humanity. The consciousness of moral excellence is of the very essence of "Bodhi." (Bhikkhu Dhammapala) The End, Thanks. Dhamma Vira Thandar Aung

**Fgjrpfurf;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;? odkYr[kwf vlrsdK;pkrsm;onf tvGeyf if aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrUMuayvdrrfh nf/ ¤if;wdo Yk nf taygif;toif; tvdkuf cHpm;rIrsm;t& Muifemaompdwfxm;wdkYESihfvnf;aumif;? w&m;rQwrI\ rGefjrwfaompdwf"mwfwdkYESihfvnf;aumif;? ukHvHkjynhf0 aeMuvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ xdkpdwf"mwfwdkYonf þajzmifhrwfí ½dk;&Sif; aom tqdktrdefYrsm;wGif touf0ifvsuf&SdaeMuayonf/ (t*F v d y f y nm&S i f ? ygarmu© ½ d k u f p f a ';Apf ) (i) ynmES i f h t usih f o D v Ak ' ¨ b momwG i f tod y nmÓPf r &S d y J E S i h f ? ppf r S e f a om udk,fusihfw&m;oDv r&SdEdkifyg/ udk,fusihfw&m;r&SdyJESihfvnf; ppfrSef aom todynmÓPf rjzpfxGef;Edkifyg/ ynmESihf udk,fusihfw&m;wdkY onf rD;awmufwGif tylpGrf;tifESifh tvif;pGrf;tifwdkY aygif;pyf yg0ifaeMuovdk aygif;pyfaeMuonf/ ]]aAm"dÓPf}} ac: r*fÓPf onf todynmyGihfvif;jcif;rQomr[kwfrlyJ? oDvr*¾ifoHk;yg;ESihf twl oem;MuifemrIvnf; yg0ifaeonf/ udk,fusihfodu©mqkdif&m rGefjrwfjcif;udkodaompdwfonf? ]]aAm"dÓPf}} \ wu,hftESpfom& (bd u © K "r® y gv) tppfjzpfygonf/ (þwG i f Ak ' ¨ " r® E S i f h A k ' ¨ b mom0if w d k Y \ 0wå & m;rsm; NyD ; ygNyD ) "r® 0 D & - oEÅ m atmif ? tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/

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Buddhism and the Duties of a lay Buddhist(4)

Ak'¨"r®ESihf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ 0wå&m;rsm;

(4)

By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt. Translated into Myanmar by Dhamma V1ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o d k v f ) The most important element of the Buddhist reform has always been its social and moral code. That moral code taken by itself is one of the most perfect which the world has ever known.

Ak'¨bmomt& jyKjyifrI\ ta&;BuD;qHk; aomhcsufonf vlrIa&;ESihf pm&dwåqdkif&mpnf;urf;jzpfonf/ xdkpm&dwåqdkif&m pnf ; urf ; ud k cG J j crf ; pd w f j zmprf ; ppf a vh v mMunh f r nf q d k v Qif urÇ m avmuu od & S d x m;aom pm&d w å q d k i f & m pnf ; urf ; rsm;teuf tjypf tuif ; qH k ; tjynh f p H k q H k ; pnf ; urf ; jzpf o nf u d k od & S d M urnf j zpf o nf /

Statements of Scholars

ynm&S i f w d k Y \ tjrif o abmxm;

(a) Buddhism and social welfare. Those, who think that Buddhism is interested only in lofty ideals, high moral and philosophical thought, and ignores any social and economic welfare of people, are wrong. The Buddha was interested in the happiness of men. To him happiness was not possible without leading a pure life based on moral and spiritual principles. But the knew that leading such a life was hard in unfavourable material and social conditions. Buddhism does not consider material welfare as an end in itselfl; it is only a means to an end-a higher and nobler end. But it is means which is indispensable, indispensable in achieving a higher purpose for man's happiness. So Buddhism recognizes the need of certain mininum material conditions favourable to spiritual success- even that of a monk engaged in meditation in some solitary palce.

(u) Ak ' ¨ b momES i h f vl r I a &;tusKd ; w&m;rsm;s Ak'¨bmomonf jrihfrm;aompHrsm;? tqihfjrihfaom pm&dwå ESihf 'óetawG;tac:rsm;üom pdwf0ifpm;NyD;vQif vlwdkY\ vlrI a&;qdkif&m pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk vspfvsL½I ypfy,f xm;onf[k xifvQif rSm;rnfjzpfonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf vlcyf odrf;wdkY\ aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrIudk pdwf0ifpm; ½IMunhfawmfrlygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmft& qdkygaomf tusihfpm&dwå ESihf bmoma&;w&m;qdkif&m oabmw&m;rsm;tay:wGif tajccH onfh pifMu,foefY&Sif;aom b0wGif raexdkifEkdifyJESihf aysmf&Tif csrf;ajrUrIudk r&&SdEkdifyg/ odkYaomf þuJhodkY usihfaqmif&ef taxmuf tul r jyKaom ½k y f y d k i f ; ES i h f vl r I a &;qd k i f & m tajctaersm;wG i f xdkuJhodkYaom wdusrSefuefaom b0rsKd;ü aexdkifEkdif&efrSmvnf; vGefpGmcJ,Of;onfudkvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif odawmfrlygonf/ Ak ' ¨ b momonf ½k y f y d k i f ; BuD ; yG m ;csrf ; omjcif ; ud k b0\ tqHk;pGefaom yef;wdkiftjzpf r,lqyg/ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m BuD;yGm; csrf;omjcif;onf ydkí tqifhjrihfonfh ydkírGefjrwfaom b0yef; wdkifodkY wufvSrf;&eftwGufvnf; vrf;wpf&yfjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf vnf; ¤if;onf vlom;wdkY\ aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrItwGuf ydkíjrifhrm; aom &nfrSef;csufudk&&Sd&ef r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonfh enf;vrf;wpf&yf yifjzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfí Ak'¨bmomonf pdwfydkif;qdkif&m atmifjrifrI &&Sd a&;twGuf wpfpHkwpfckaom tedrfhqHk;twkdif;twm wpf&yf txd ½kyfydkif;tajctae\ taxmuftul vdktyfonfudk jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sif todtrSwfjyKawmfrlygonf/ qdwfNidrf&mü wpfOD;wnf; ur®|mef;bm0em½IyGm;aeaom &[ef;awmfonfyifvQif ypönf;

(Veneral Prof: Dr Walpola Sri Rahula.)

(b) Social and moral code The most important elements of the Buddhist reform has always been its social and moral code. That moral code taken by itself is one of the most perfect which the world has ever known. On this point testimonials from hostile and friendly quarters agree; philosophers there many have been, religious preachers, subtle meta-physicists, disputants there may have been, but where shall we find such an incarnation of love, love that knowns no distinction of caste and creed or colour,. a love that over-flowed even the bound of humanity, that embraced the whole of sentient beings in its sweep, a love

pmrsuf E S m 39 od k Y