Comforting wisdom for life
owd0&D , d &Sa d om Ed;k Mum;oltm; ab;r&Sd To the vigilant there is no fear à tcd k u f t wef Y ü wnf a om? pd w f & S d a om? ol a wmf a umif ; w&m; ud k rod j rif a om? azmufjyefysufpD;vG,f aom? o'¨gw&m;&Sdxaom? yk*¾dKvf tm; avmuDavmukwå&mÓPfynmonf rjynhf/ (38) à udavomrd;k rpdak om pdw&f x dS aom? rzsufq;D tyfaom pdw&f dS xaom? ukov kd t f ukov dk u f kd y,fNyD;xaom Edk;Mum;oltm; ab;onf r&Sd/ (39) à
He whose mind is not steadfast, he who knows not the true doctrine, he whose confidence wavers the wisdom of such a one will never be perfect. (38) à He whose mind is not soaked (by lust), he who is not affected (by hatred), he who has transcended both good and evil- for such a vigilant one there is no fear. (39)
Nidrf;csrf;OD; 38/ te0|dw pdwåó? o'¨r®H t0dZmeawm y&dv’0yom'ó? ynme y&dyl&wd 39/ te0ókw pdwåó? teEGm[wapwaom yknygy y[Deó? ew¬dZm*&awm b,H/
. Anavatthita cittassa, Saddhammam avija-nato Pariplava pasadassa, pañña na puripu riati. (38) Anavassuta cittassa, ananvahata cetaso, Pañña pa-pa pahinassa,. natthi jagarato bhayam (39)
pmrsufESm 25 odkY
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VOW
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Address
rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zke;f 02-39801
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vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f taqmif(1)? tcef;(6)? jrefrmtifzw dk uf? wuúov dk rf sm; vdiI ef ,fajr
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EDITORIAL
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"r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/
terw*¾oHo&mvlom;b0u vGwfatmifBudK;pm;yg b0oHo&m&Snv f sm;axGjym; raerem; woGm;xJomG ;Muwm? c&D;yef;wdik f ra&mufrcsi;f wpfa,mufqif;wpfa,muf wuf qufvufxGufcGmvm? avmb&,f? a'go&,f? arm[&,f? t0dZÆm ypö,ocFg&mwJh b,f[m rwnfNrJ azmufvGJ azmufjyeftaMumif;cH ur®oum} ]awbkr®m? tedpö? 'ku©? tewå w&m;r& MuvdkY rsm;vSwJh a0ae,sm? umarmCm? ba0gCm? ? 'da|mCm? t0daZÆmCm? ruif;wm t&if;cH olwPSm? 'd|dÓPf0ifpm;? xifrSm;jrifrSm;Muwm} þodaYk om "r®aw;? oHa0*aw;wdu Yk kd q&mBu;D OD;okc? q&mBu;D usKd uv f wfO;D NyKH ;csKw d u Ykd w&m; tqDtESpx f w k jf yí a&;om;oDqdkapcJhygonf/ þaw;rsm;udk Mum;vdkufonfhcP0,f? rdrdwdkY b0 t,lrSm;? oHo&mvnfaeMu&onfh obm 0udw k &m;udek m& onfxuf? zswcf eJo&d o dS wdrrl cd MhJ uygonf/ bk&m;&Siu f 'DaCmAmvme oHoma&m=vlru kd w f t Ykd wGuo f o H &m&Snv f eG ;f w,f/ terw*¾oo H &m-rodtyfaom tp&Sad om tpudk rod&aomoHo&m[lía[mMum;cJyh g onf/ ½ky-f emrfEpS yf g;wd\ Yk tBurd Bf urd f txyfxyfqufumpyfumjzpfaejcif;udk oHo &m? xdo k o H &m\ tpud&k mS r&Ekid í f terw*¾ tp&Smr& oHo&m[lí ac:qdjk cif;jzpfonf/ vlaY vmu vlo Y bm0wGif olt Y oufowf? olOY pömcd;k paom um,uH? 0pDuH raemuH 'kp½du k (f 10)yg;vdu k pf m; usiBfh uH olrsm;udk vlru kd [ f ak c:Muovd?k Ak'u ¨ vnf; um,'kp½du k o f ;kH yg;? 0pD'pk ½du k af v;yg;? raem 'kp½du k f oH;k yg;[laomraumif;rIwYkd udk jyKvyk o f l awG;awmaeolonf vlru kd jf zpfaMumif;a[mcJh ygonf/ wzef todÓPfr&So d ?l todw&m;r&So d rl sm;udk vlru kd [ f k ac:Ny;D ? xdt k odÓPftodpw d "f mwf? todw&m; r&So d \ l vkyf&yfrsKd;udk vkyfoludkvnf;aumif;? vkyfoihfvkyfxdkufonfudkrvkyf? rvkyfoihf? rvkyf xdkufonfudkjyKvkyfoludkvnf;aumif;? vlru kd [ f í l a[mxm;cJh ygonf/ xdv k rl u kd o f nf tb,faMumifo h o H &m&Sn&f ygoenf;qdak omf t0dZmÆ (rodr)I tarSmif? udavomtarSmif? þtarSmifrsm; u vTrf;rdk;aeírdkufaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ avmb BuD;ol? a'goBuD;ol? arm[BuD;ol? rmeBuD;ol? £óm? rpä&d,BuD;ol? 'd|t d pGBJ u;D olwo kYd nf tarSmifxu J vlom;rsm;jzpfMuí Ak'o ¨ moem [laomtvif;a&mife,fajrxJü aeaomfvnf; olw\ Ykd b0onf tukov dk t f rJa&mifxw J iG f oHo&mvnfaeMuolrsm;jzpfygonf/ vlru kd af wG oHo&m&Sno f nf[q k &kd m ü oHo&monftaumif;ESit fh qd;k ESprf sK;d 'Gew f JG &Sad eygonf/ vljY ynfü Opöm? tmPm? wefcdk;? pnf;pdrf? ta`cGt&Hrsm;pGmESihf csrf;omaerI? raMumihfrMu? rawmifhrwae&rIwdkYonf b0 b0u jyKvkyfcJhaom 'ge? oDv? bm0emwdYk aMumihf &&Scd pH m;tyfaom okcoHo&m[kq&kd ygrnf/ tyg,fav;bHük usa&mufcpH m;ae&rIwYkd onf b0b0u jyKvyk cf ahJ om avmb? a'go? arm[? paom tukov kd w f aYkd Mumihf cHpm;ae& aom 'kuo © o H &m[kq&kd ygrnf/ trSepf ifppf okcoHo&m 'kuo © o H &mESprf sK;d pvH;k onf csr;f omppf? csr;f omrSe?f qif;&Jppf? qif;&JreS rf [kwMf uao;yg/ vlom;b00,f? Zmwduae Z&m? Z&muae Asm"d? Asm"d uae r&P? uHuad vomrsm;&Sad eOD;rnfqykd gu Zmwdqakd om oHo&mwdYk jyefvnfMu&ygrnf/ b0qdo k nfrmS tkjd cif;trnf? emjcif;trnf? aojcif;trnfrsm;omjzpfygonf/ pdwaf umif;arG;u ok*wdbakH &muf rnf/ pdw, f w k af rG;u 'k*w ¾ b d akH &mufMu rnf/ þonfeh nf;jzihf oHo&m&Snv f sm; axGjym;Ny;D raerem; woGm;wnf;oGm;aeMu& onf/ oHo&mxJrmS wtdw k nf;td?k wem wnf;em? waownf;aoaeMu&onf/ vSpcf eJ vljzpfvm? vSpu f eJaoaeMuonfrmS ork'&´ ma&rsuEf mS jyifxuf cP wufonfah &yGuyf rmomjzpfojzihf b0qdw k m rMumMuyg/ xdkYaMumihf Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpif taygif;wdkYonf b0oHo&m\ t0dZÆmwdkYESihf terw*¾oHo&mt0dZÆmudk 0dZÆm jzpfatmifBudK;pm;MuzdkY "r®0D&u EdI;aqmfwdkuf wGef;vdkuf&ygonf/
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wJt h cg tukev f ;kH t0Dpid &Ja&mufomG ;Muw,f/ olwv Ykd yk w f t hJ ukov kd f uHaMumifh olwYkd t0Dpad &mufomG ;wm/ uóyjrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufu a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m; ryGirfh D pyfMum;qdak wmh ajrBu;D [m tay:udk wpf,Zl emjrihw f wfvmonftxd t0Dpid &JrmS olw&Ykd w dS ,f/ a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m; yGiafh wmfrv l mwJt h cg uydv[m t0Dpd i&Juae vGwv f mNy;D **FgjrpfxrJ mS ig;Bu;D wpfaumifvmjzpfw,f/ tJ'D ig;Bu;D &JUta&mifu a&Ta&mifawmufaew,f/ a&Tig;Bu;D vmjzpfw,fayhg/ odaYk omf tjyifuMunhv f u dk rf ,fq&dk ifawmh tvGev f w S ihJ g;Bu;D jzpfw,f/ tJ'iD g;Bu;D yifv,fxJ usupf m;aewJt h csed rf mS Zmwfvrf;av;wpfck ajym p&museaf o;w,f/ tJ'iD g;Bu;D udzk rf;r,hf wHigawGtaMumif;udk ajym&OD; r,f/ uóyjrwfpmG bk&m;&JUaemufyikd ;f omoemrSmyJ olrsm;tdru f kd cd;k qd;k wdu k cf u kd f vk,ufNy;D awmh "g;jywku d Mf uwJt h zGUJ ayhg/ vlig;&m&Sw d ,f/ wpfaeYusawmh &Gmwpf&mG 0ifwu dk &f muae &Gmvlxu k nDnñ D w G ñ f w G ef YJ tJ'"D g;jyawGuv kd u dk zf rf;vdYk awmxJukd xGuaf jy;Muw,f/ xGuaf jy;ayr,fh vdYk rvGwMf ubl;/ vku d v f mwJv h t l yk u f awmBu;D wpfcv k ;kH 0dik ;f xm;Ny;D awmh "g;jyawGawG[m xGuaf jy;aygufr&Sad wmhb;l / awm&ausmif;wpfausmif; rSm aexdik w f &hJ [ef;wpfyg;qDukd tm;ud;k wBu;D eJY ]]t&Sib f &k m; wynhaf wmf wku Yd kd u,fygOD;}} ayhg/ 'kua© &mufv&Ykd &dS ifawmh ]]u,fygOD;}} wJah emf/ olwu Ykd kd tJ'&D [ef;u bmajymwke;f qdak wmh ]]at;- rif;wdrYk mS tm;ud;k p&mqdv k Ykd bmrSr&Sad wmhb/l 'gayr,hf bmrStm;ri,fMuygeJ/Y rif;wdYk bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem (3) yg;eJY ud, k u f siw fh &m;udo k m tm;ud;k yg/ usew f mawG tm;ud;k raeeJ/Y uJ- tm;vH;k vku d q f Mkd u}} qdNk y;D awmh o&P*Hk (3) yg;ESifh wuG ig;yg;oDvudk csay;w,f/ rif;wdYk a[m'Dig;yg;oDvudk toufao cHNy;D apmifx h ed ;f MuvdYk qH;k rMo0g'ay;vku d w f ,f/ olwrYkd mS a&G;p&mvrf; r&Sad wmhb;l / vlawGu0dik ;f Ny;D awmh olwu Ykd kd tukev f ;kH owfypfvu dk Mf u w,f/ o&P*Hk (3) yg;ESiw fh uG ig;yg;oDvudck , H al qmufwnfxm;onhf twGuaf Mumifh olwiYkd g;yg;oDvudk razmufzsub f eJ YJ touftaocHvu dk f Muw,f/ aoNy;D awmh tukev f ;kH ewfjynfa&mufMuw,f/ o&P*Hkqdkwm wu,ftm;udk;&w,f/ 'gaMumihfrdkY jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sifu a[mxm;wm/ ]]a, aupd Ak'¨Ho&PH uwmao? e aw *rdóEÅd tyg,blrd }H } bk&m;ud;k uG,w f o hJ l i&Jrusb;l wJ/h w&m; udk ud;k uG,w f o hJ l i&Jrusb;l wJ/h oHCmudk ud;k uG,w f yhJ *k Kd¾ vf i&Jrusb;l wJ/h ud;k uG,w f ,fqw kd m rSeu f efwt hJ aeeJY ud;k uG,zf v Ykd w kd ,f/ at;- olwrYkd mS pmrsufESm 12 odkY
DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS
5
"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/
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Ak'¨*Dwdum q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm& (½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)
om&dykwåaw¦& 0w¦K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf wwf o nf / od k Y j zpf í aus;Zl ; uef ; ol onf emrnf y suf u m *k P f o d u © m usqif ; í tjcm; aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg d uFe;f wdu Yk dk a0zeftyfonfwiG f &Sio f m&d olrsm;\ ulnaD xmufyrhH rI &&Sad wmhbJ qkw, f w k f 0gqko yk w å & monf ih g &S i f w k d Y &[ef ; i,f w d k Y t m;vnf ; qif;&J&av\/ l / xdaYk Mumihf oifonf om;orD;aumif;? 0gqkd ouFe;f ukd a0zefMuav[k rdeaYf wmfr\ wynh f a umif ; ? ol a wmf a umif ; jzpf v d k y gvQif þpum;aMumihf &Sifom&dykwå&mtm; ]]a*[ rdrd\aus;Zl;&Sifrdb? q&morm;? ulnDzl;ol ódwayr}} wPSmonf &Sad o;a,mifwum;[k tm;vH;k wd\ Yk aus;Zl;udk od&edS m;vnfNy;D tjcm;ol awG;awmMuí bk&m;txH avQmufonfwiG f rsm;udv k nf; rdbponfwu Ykd rdrt d ay: aus;Zl; ]]tmom ,ó e 0dZEÆ }dÅ } paom *gxmukd a[m &Sad Mumif;ajymjyum? jzpfEidk v f Qif rdrw d wfEikd f onhf awmfrl\/ tmom ,ó e 0dZEÆ ?dÅ bufrS aus;Zl;jyefqyfygav/ (25) Kataññutatod® aH vmau y&rSd p/ Acknowledge other's ud, k üf jyKz;l ? olaY us;Zl;? &nfp;l qifjcifum/ debt of gratitude ed&momoH 0do, H w k ?Hå &SmazGawGUvQi?f aus;Zl;wif? toihq f yfz&Ykd m/ BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif;rSm&Sd&rnhf (25) wif&adS eao;? aus;Zl;a<u;? qyfa&;vG,u wr[H j A Lrd j A m[® P/H f pl mG / ck a jrmuf t&nf t csif ; jref r muAsm vl\usi0fh wf? oifuif;vGw?f aus;pGyjf yKrnfom/ (25)uwnKwm= ol Y a us;Zl ; ud k o d ud, ,ckb0 aemufb0rSm? k afh us;Zl;&Si?f aus;pGyv f Qi?f toifv, l w k rf m/ wwf j cif ; vdck siif rf;irf; pGv J rf;uif;uGm? -r*FvmhtjrLaw/ olaY us;Zl;udo k jd cif;? ay;qyfEikd jf cif; udavomuif; oef&Y iS ;f olom? onf v nf ; BuD ; yG m ;csrf ; omvd k o l w d k i f ; rS m uav;wdkYa&... igZde rde[ Yf jAm[®P/ &S d x m;& rnhf t&nftcsif;aumif;wpfck He who has no desires, whether uav;wdkY tckvdk vlvm;ajrmufvm (=r*Fvmwpfyg;) jzpf\/ of this world or of the next, who is wm? ynmwwfvmwm[m rdb? q&morm;? desireless and emancipated, him I call a rd b rsm;onf om;orD ; wd k Y \ vlBu;D olrawG&UJ aus;Zl;aMumifu h , G /hf tJ'aD us;Zl; brahmana. aus;Zl;&Sifjzpf\/ q&m? q&mrrsm;onf udk rarh&bl;? rapmfum;&bl;? aus;Zl;ruef;& bl;/ / tMuifyk*¾Kdvftm; ,ck wynhfrsm;\ aus;Zl;&Sifjzpf\/ rdrd\ynm t&d y f a eae tcuf c sd K ;csd K ; rvk y f & bl ; uG , f h / pum;ajy/ b0 aemuf b 0ü vd ck siif rf;irf; pGv J rf;wwfpmG a&;? pD ; yG m ;a&;? uk o d k v f a &;ponf w d k Y ü wu,fvdkY aus;Zl;uef;cJh&if? olwdkY&JU apwem? f 0 awmifw h uif;uGm tultnDay;zl;olrsm; onf rdr\ d aus;Zl;&Sif arwå m ud k apmf u m;rd c J h & if tJ ' D o l a wG [ m udavomr&S/d umr*kPb ud a vomr&S a d omol u d k j A m[® P [k igbk&m; yifjzpf\/ xdak us;Zl;&Siw f Ykd \ rdrt d ay:jyKz;l wpfoufvHk; vlarG;vlawmif rajymifawmhbl;/ onhf*kPfaus;Zl;udk ray;qyfEdkifonhfwkdif vlpOfrrDawmhbl;/ tcuftcJtrsdK;rsdK; awGU& a[mMum;awmfrl\/ ulnzD ;l olukd aus;Zl;&Srd eS ;f odNy;D ? wwfEikd w f t hJ cg xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkY\ aus;Zl;rsm; rdrdrSm&SdaMumif; wwfw,fu, G /hf odol? aus;Zl;&SdaMumif; tjcm;olrsm;tm; uav;wdkYa&- bk&m;avmif;[m b0 aus;Zl;jyefqyfMu&r,faemf/ (25) ajymjyEdik o f o l nf olawmfaumif;jzpf\/ wpfckrSm &Sifbk&ifjzpfwJhtcg ppf½IH;vdkY qif;&J r*F v m r*F vm? rd b q&morm;? ul n D z l ; ol ? 'k u © a &muf a ewk e f ; ol Y u d k aus;awmom; 38 jzm r*Fvm/ u,fq,fz l ; ol w d k Y \ aus;Zl ; ud k rod j cif ; ? wpf a ,muf u jyKpk a pmif h a &S m uf x m;owJ h / 25- rSm a[mñTeMf um;? aus;Zl ; &S d a Mumif ; rajymqd k E d k i f j cif ; onf aemifwpfcsdef ppfEdkifvdkY aejynfawmfjyefa&muf uwnKwm r*Fvmw&m;/ rolawmfw\ Ykd vu©Pm jzpf\/ xdv k u©Pm wJhtcg aus;awmom;ukd wkdif;jynfwpf0ufay; olaY us;Zl;rsm; txl;odum? ESihfjynhfpHkaomolonf ol,kwfrmjzpf\/ Ny;D aus;Zl;qyfowJu h , G /f olawmfaumif;rSe&f if od onht f wkid ;f ay;qyfyg/ aus;Zl;uef;oltm; rnfolurQ aus;Zl;vnf;od? aus;Zl;vnf; jyefqyfMuw,f [d;k a&S;tcg tavmif;awmfrsm;? rcspf cif rESpfoufay/ ]]wpfcgqufqH uG,/fh aus;Zl;qyfrI tav;xm;? q,fcgvef}} qdo k uJo h Ykd xdak us;Zl;uefou l kd uk d , h f t aeeJ Y Bud K ;pm;oavmuf csr;f omvdv k m; nDav;i,f? aemufxyf tultnDay;&ef aemufwGefY tusdK;rcHpm;&bl;qdk&if igb,folYudk aus;Zl; olaY us;Zl;udk odyguG,/f oGm;wwfonf/ a&Smif&Sm; oGm;wwfonf/ uef;rdovJqw kd mpOf;pm;Ny;D Bu;D olq&kd if uefawmh? od Ny;D um&,f ay;qyfr?S tjcm;olrsm;uvnf; ]]xdkolonf aus;Zl; i,foq l &kd if awmif;yefvu dk yf guG,/f avmu0wå&m; ausr,fy/ uef;wwfojl zpfaMumif;}} xyfqihf ajymMum; 'gaMumifh uav;wdv Yk nf; ud, k t fh ay: av;td r f p k t&S i f 0 d p d w å o m&
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
6
"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f (23)
,cif t ywf r S t quf (q) 'ge? oDv? oH,r? 'r qkw d hJ a&Tt;dk jrK§ yEf yHS aHk v;rsK;d teuf oDveJyY wfoufvYdk ig;yg; oDvukd tajccHxm;Ny;D a&;om;cJyh gw,f/ vk;H 0 tjynht f pkrH [kww f w hJ idk f ig;yg;oDveJY ywfouf Ny;D odoihzf , G &f mwpfcsKUd ukd wdx Yk ad &;om; wifjy cJyh gw,f/ ig;yg;oDv[m oDvrSm tajccHus ovkd odrSwfusihfokH;zG,f&mawGvnf; rsm;pGm &Syd gw,f/ tus,af jymr,fq&dk if tvGew f &m &Snv f sm;oGm;Ekid af yw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh odrw S f zG,f&mwpfcsKdUudk wifjyvkduf&wmyg/ ]tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f} tcef;quf aqmif;yg;xJrmS 'getjyif oDvvnf; yg0ifae &ygw,f/ bmjzpfvv Ykd q J adk wmh tvSL'gejyKMu &mrSm uk, d u f sio fh v D yg jynhpf NHk y;D vSL'gef;jcif; [m tusK;d rsm;vkyYd gyJ/ ]oDav ywd|m, 'dE'é geH r[yæv}H udk,fusihfoDv wnfMuNyD;aemuf vSL'gef;wJt h vSL'ge[m tvGew f &m tusK;d rsm; w,f/ ]'geH oDvy&d*[ ¾ w d H r[yævH a[mwd r[medoo H }H } oDv odr;f qnf;Ny;D (0g) oDvaqmuf wnfNy;D vSLwJt h vSL'ge[m Bu;D jrwfwt hJ usK;d w&m;&Sw d ,f/ Bu;D us,w f t hJ medoif&w dS ,f vdYk p&d,myd#u t|uxmrSm jyqkx d m;ayw,f/ 'gaMumifh oDvukdyg xnhfNyD;ajym& wmyg/ Ny;D awmh tvSL'ge&JU tusK;d w&m;awG ukd jyKvyk yf eHk w YJ uG us,u f s,jf yefjY yefY jynhjf ynhf pkHpkH a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh ed"du@okwfrSm vnf; oDvukd xnhjf yxm;awmfryl gw,f/ oDv tjyif ]oH,r} qkw d hJ orm"d? ]'r} qkw d hJ ynm ukyd g a[mqkx d m;awmfryl gw,f/ tJ'D oH,reJY 'rukv d nf; qufvufwifjyOD;rSmyg/ (Z) oDv0EÅqkdwJh oDv&Sdaomyk*¾Kdvfjzpf zkdYtwGuf vlyk*¾KdvfawGtaeeJY tajccHtm;jzihf jynhpf x Hk m;&r,hf uk, d u f sio fh v D uawmh yÍöov D qkdwJh ig;yg;oDvudk cg;0wfykqkd;vkd (cg;0wf xbDv)kd Nr&J r,fvYkd a&S;ynm&Sif jrefrmBu;D awG u ajymqk d a vh & S d c J h M uygw,f / ,aeY u mv rsuaf rSmufacwfvo l m;awGrmS awmh uk, d u f sifh ig;yg;oDv tb,frQ jynhpf rHk &I dS r&S?d apmihx f ed ;f olrsm; rrsm;udkawmh pmzwfolrsm;ukd,fwkdif pOf;pm;MunhfMuzdkYyg/
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ig;yg;oDv[m tajccHus½kHrQru t&mus,yf gw,f/ emrnfq,frsK;d &Sw d hJ 0dao o oDvyg/ ig;yg;oD v \0d a ootrnf ( 10)rsKd ; (1) "r®wm"r®ov D = "r® o bm0 "r® w m twkid ;f apmihx f ed ;f &r,ho f v D / (2) *½k"r® oDv = tav;teufxm;Ny;D apmihf xde;f &r,hf oDv/ (3) "r®owf oDv = w&m;tqk;H tjzwfyrm xm;&Sd&r,hfoDv/ (4) puú0wåd oDv = pMumrif;wdYk apmihx f ed ;f tyfwo hJ v D / (5) uk½"k r® oDv = uk½w k idk ;f om;wdik ;f apmihf xdef;cJhwJh oDv/ (6) *[|oDv = vl0wfaMumifrsm;? vlom;rsm; apmifx h ed ;f &r,fh oDv/ (7) edpö oDv = tNrrJ jywf apmifx h ed ;f tyfwhJ oDv/ (9) 0g&dwå oDv = a&SmifMuOf&r,hf oDv/ (10) t&d,uEÅ oDv = t&d,myk*¾Kdvfrsm; ESpo f ufjrwfE;dk tyfwo hJ v D wdYk jzpfayw,f/ (aqmify'k v f uFm) "r®wm"rf? *½k"rfESihf? "r®owf csufrsm;? pMumpkd;jyK? uk½k"r®? *[|ESihf? ig;0 yÍö o D ? *k P f & nf e d p ö ? 0g&d w å E S i h f ? t&d , uef ? ig;wef r ,k w f ? od u © m yk ' f ? orkwf þ q,frnf/ (ps) oDveJYywfoufNyD; Ak'¨ omoemh
0efxrf;? &Si&f [ef;awmfwt Ykd wGuu f m; Ak'b ¨ &k m;? ñTefMum;ynwfawmfrlxm;wJh 0denf;odu©myk'f 227 yg;? &SNd y;D om;jzpfw,f/ tus,yf mG ;u uka# ukd;axmifausmf (9180536 axmif) &Sdav w,f/ tJ'D rsm;jym;vSwhJ oDv? odum© awG ukd tusO;f csKy&f ifawmh oDv(4)rsK;d om jzpfyg w,f/ &[ef;oHCmrsm; usihfokH;&r,hf oDv (4) rsKd ; / (1) ygwdarmu©o0H & oDv = 0denf;? odum© yk'f rsm;ukd apmihx f ed ;f jcif;/ (2) £NE, d´ oH0& oDv = rsupf ?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? uk, d ?f pdwf paom £a`Er´ sm;ukd apmihpf nf; jcif;/ (3) ypö, oEédód oDv = qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq; ypönf;av;yg;wdkYü apmihfxdef; &r,ho f v D / (4) tmZD0 yg&dok'´d oDv = toufarG;rI pifMu,fatmif apmihx f ed ;f &r,ho f v D wdYk jzpfay w,f/ &[ef;? &Si?f vl rnfojl zpfap tEk*grdu jrK§ yEf &HS r,hf av;XmerSm oDvu 'kw, d ae&mrSm &Sdaeygw,f/ b,folyJjzpfjzpf? bmyJjzpfjzpf oD v 0EÅ - oD v &S d o l ? uk d , f u sih f oD v eJ Y jynh f p k H o l j zpf & ef apmih f x d e f ; &Mu&r,h f oDvawGudk apmihfxdef;EkdifMuzdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ oDveJyY wfoufvYdk awmfMupd/Yk (n) 4/oH,r]oH,r} qkdwm apmihfpnf; jcif;? bmudk apmihpf nf;&rSmvJ/ pdwfrSm t&dyfxifvmwwfwJh tuk odkvf ed0&P w&m;awG r0ifa&mufatmif pd w f r S m temw&jzpf a tmif ES d y f p uf w muk d rcH&atmif umuG,fwm;qD; apmihfpnf;Mu& rSmjzpfygw,f/ apmih f p nf ; wmuk d oH , r? oH , r qkdwm orm"d&JU trnfwpfrsKd;/ orm"djzpf atmif orxusihfpOfukd a&S;OD;pGm usihfBuH tm;xkw&f atmif rdeaYf wmfryl gw,f/ ]orx} qkw d m bmvJ/ ]eD0&Pm'Ded oarwd 0lyoarwDwd oraxm} 0pew¦ t & tuk o d k v f eD 0 &P w&m;rsm; rydwfqdkY raESmuf,SufEkdifatmif Nird ;f atmifjyKvyk jf cif;ukd ]orx} vdYk rSwo f m; &ayw,f/ earmor®morÁK'¨ó rkH&GmaeZm ñTef;- ed"du@okwf quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf "r®0de, tvif;a&mifxdefvif;ap&ef jzpfonf/
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vli,fawGudk ajymcsifwm (okw^aqmif;yg;)
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'DuaeYacwfumvrSm EkdifiHawmf uvnf; vli,frsm; ynm&nfjrihfrm;ap&ef &nf&, G Nf y;D wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,frsm;&Sd wuúov kd f rsm;rSm wufa&mufNy;D ynmroifMum;Ekid o f l vli,frsm;yg wuúov kd yf nm oifMum;cGi&fh &Sd Muap&ef wkid ;f ESijfh ynfe,fwidk ;f wGif ]ta0;oif wuúov kd }f rsm; zGiv fh pS u f m ynmoifMum;ay; aeygw,f/ ta0;oifwuúov kd af wG zGiv fh pS f oifMum;ay;wJh t"du&nfrSef;csufuawmh EkdifiHawmf&JU ynma&;arQmfrSef;csufatmifjrif a&;twGuf "Highly Qualified Human Resources" qkw d hJ t&nftcsi;f jynh0f wJh vlom; t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk arG;xkwfay;&efyJ jzpfyg w,f/ ta0;oifwuúov kd rf sm; zGiv fh pS Nf y;D pMu0Vmrkd;aumif;uifxufu ae? pMu0Vm ynmoifMum;ay;wJhae&mrSm EkdifiHawmfu urÇmajray:u (N*Kd[fom;) vlrdom;pkawG&JU &nf&, G cf suaf v;&yfeYJ zGiv fh pS o f ifMum;ay;xm; ork',oHa,mZOf taESmiftzGJUobm0&JU wmyg/ tJ'&D nf&, G cf suaf v;&yfu bmawGvJ pnf;vk;H nDñw T jf cif;tvSudk azmfjyaewmygyJ/ qkad wmh (1) tqihjf rihyf nm&yfrsm;ukd aiGuek f rdcif vrif;Bu;D eJY om;i,forD;i,f? Mu,fav; aMu;usoufompGmjzihf rdrdaexkdif&m t&yf awG&JUb0u b,favmufat;csrf;om,m a'o? NrKUd ? &Gm? aetdr?f rdom;pkeYJ tvkycf iG rf S ovJqw dk m vli,fawG ESv;Hk om;eJY cHpm;Munhf rcGm&bJ vG,fvihfwul oif,lEkdifMuap&ef? &if odEidk yf gw,f/ (2) e,fpyfa'orusef jrefrmEkid if w H pf0ef;vk;H 'D o abmu acwf t quf q uf uaeNy;D tqihjf rihyf nm&yfrsm;ukd oif,El idk f obm0rdcifu zefw;D xm;wJh vlom;awG? om; ap&ef? (3) tjcm;wuúodkvfrsm;u ay;tyf pOfajr;quf ]pHerlem} ,lNy;D usio fh ;Hk aexkid Mf uzkYd aom ynm&yf bGUJ tqihx f uf redru hf saom pMu0Vmaumif;uif,u H ajymjyaewJh trSwf bGJUrsm;ukd tyfESif;Ekdifap&ef? (4) tqihfjrihf tom;vu©Pmwpf&yfvdkYawmif rSwf,lr,f ynm&yfrsm;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY oif,lEkdif qk&d if rSw, f al umif;ygvdrrhf ,f/ pnf;vk;H nDñw T f apjcif;jzihf ynmwwfvil ,frsm; Ekid if t H usK;d ukd rIeYJ ynmt&nftaoG; &Te;f vufawmufyrI[m ykdrkdxda&mufpGm o,fykd;aqmif&GufEkdifap&efvlom;awG&UJ t&if;tjrpfprG ;f tm;tvSyaJ v/ qkw d mygyJ/ pnf;vkH;nDñTwfrIawmh &Sdyg&JU? ynmt&nf kd rf sm;[m pifppf ta0;oifwuúov tcsif ; r&S d o l a wG rsm;aer,f q k d & if a wmh Ekid if w H umwGif ynmacwf&UJ pdeaf c:rIrsm;ukd rsuaf rSmufacwf vlBu;D vli,fawG&UJ vlaY vmu? &ifqidk Ef idk &f ef tqihjf rihyf nmrsm;ukd pOfquf vlYb0u Mu,frpkHwJhn&JUtvSrsKd;yJ jzpfaeyg rjywf oif,El idk w f hJ ynma&;pepf xlaxmif vdrfhr,f/ Mu,fpkHwJhvjynhfnvkd vlYavmu? usihfokH;aewJh wuúodkvfrsm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ vlYb0tvSukd cHpm;EkdifMuzdkYtwGuf vli,f 'Dacwf ynma&;pepft& ta0;oifwuúov kd f armifr,fawGtaeeJY vlawmfval umif;jzpfMu awG ay:aygufvmwm[mvnf; q,fwef; wJh rdb q&morm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&SiBf u;D atmifNy;D wuúov kd af usmif;udk rwufa&muf rsm;&JU tqk;H tr vrf;jya&SUaqmifru I dk cH,u l m Ekid w f hJ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ynma&;tcGifh ukd,hftwGuf? trsm;twGuf? wkdif;jynfEkdifiH tvrf;wpf&yfjzpfovkd EkdifiHawmf&JU t"du twGuf &nfreS ;f csux f m;Ny;D ynmeJ0Y efaqmif &nf r S e f ; csuf j zpf w J h t&nf t csif ; jynh f 0 wJ h Ekid zf Ykd ynmwwfrsm;jzpfatmif BuK;d pm;Mu&rSm vli,f vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; trSef jzpfygw,f/
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/
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rsuf&nfwdkYjzihf vef;aom ]yef;} a&Tuef t&SifMobmood&D
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olr &JUrdbESpyf g;uawmh olw&Ykd UJ orD; av;ukd wpfyg;aom&G,w f rl ed ;f uav;awGuo hJ Ykd (or½k d ; us) wpf c gwpf a v aysmf & T i f a pcsif ygw,f/ wu,fwrf;tm;jzihf wpfcgwpfav qkw d t hJ &m[m tBurd af ygif;rsm;pGmukd jyKvyk zf Ydk pwifNyD;vSrf;vkdufwJhajcvSrf;wpfckygyJ/ tp raumif;&ifawmh taESmif;rSmvnf; oHo&m 0#f'u k u © dk &Snaf pygw,f/ 'Doabmudk yef;onftrsK;d orD;av; u em;vnfvufcx H m;ygw,f/ odaYk omf olr&JU rdbawGu em;vnfrrI &Sad wmh olwo Ykd rD;av;ukd yGu J v dk u dk zf Ydk ac:ygw,f/ yGu J v kd u dk zf aYkd c:wJh rdbawGukd olru ]]tar&,f yGJvrf;obifqkdwm wu,fawmh tvGepf w d af jcmufjcm;p&maumif;ovkd orm"d tm;vnf; ysuyf gw,f/ uRerf tdrrf mS yJ at; at;aeyg&ap? aysm&f iT pf w d v f nf; r&Syd gbl;}} yef;onfav;[m taysmftyg;udk umr*kPv f jYdk rifxm;awmh olr&JUtawG;tac: eJY vkyf&yfuyg w&m;oabmygaeygw,f/ yef;onftrsK;d orD;av;[m tdrrf mS wpfa,muf wnf;usecf ahJ wmh qdwNf ird rf u I dk olawmfaumif; awG[m wefzkd;&Sd&Sd tokH;csovkd w&m;tm½kH jzihf ½Irw S af eygw,f/ ol r k d u f a wG u awmh qd w f N id r f r I u k d raumif;aomae&mXmeawGrSmyJ tokH;csavh &Syd gw,f/ yef;onfav;[m wpfa,mufwnf; w&m;trSwfjzihf tdrfrSm&SdaepOf aeYrGef;rwnhf cif (eHeuf 12 em&Drxk;d cifav;) rSmyJ olrwdYk
tdraf &SUvrf;ukd &[EÅmt&Sijf rwfwpfyg; qGr;f cH <uvmygw,f/ o'¨ g w&m;aumif ; ol w pf a ,muf tzdkYuawmh tvSLcHyk*¾KdvfwpfOD;ukd awGUjrif vkduf&wm[m a&Ttkd;wpfvkH; aumuf&wm xufawmif ydNk y;D awmh *kP, f al vh&w dS wfovkd &wJt h cGit fh a&;ukv d nf; tqk;H ½I;H rcHygbl;/ yef;onfrav;[m &[EÅmt&Sijf rwf udk zl;awGU&awmh aeuvnf; tawmfyljyif; aewmrkdY]]aMomf - tvG e f y l w J h t csd e f B uD ; rS m yifyef;pGm qGr;f cH<uaeygvm;/ ig tdraf y:yifh Ny;D qGr;f vSLrSy}J } tawG;eJYtwl tdrfay:u tajy; uav;qif;oGm;Ny;D t&Sijf rwfa&SUa&mufwmeJ-Y ]]t&Sifbk&m; oem;ojzihf wynhf awmfrtdru f <dk uawmfryl g? qGr;f vSLyg&apbk&m;}} &[EÅmt&SifjrwfBuD;u wdwfqdwf Nird o f ufjcif;jzihf tdrt f ay:udk <uoGm;ygw,f/ yef;onfrav;[m tdrt f ay:a&muf wmeJY t&Sifjrwfukd qGrf;vSL'gef;NyD; ½kdaopGm &Sdckd;vkdufygw,f/ &[EÅmt&Sifoljrwfvnf; yef;onf rav; wpfO;D wnf;ukd qGr;f tEkarm'em w&m; a[mMum;Ny;D jyef<uoGm;ygw,f/ yef;onfrav; [m olrvSL'gef;vku d &f wJh ukov kd af umif;rIudk wpfaeukef MunfE;l Ny;D aeygw,f/ wjcm;ol a wG t uk e f v k H ; uawmh avmuDtm½kH umr*kPfawGMum;rSm aysmfarGU aeayr,hf olruawmh avmukwå&mtm½kHrSm aysmaf rGUaeygw,f/ taysmcf si;f wlayr,hf yDwd csi;f rwlovdk tusK;d ay;jcif;[mvnf; tjzLeJY trnf;uJo h Ykd uGmjcm;awmfryl gw,f/ yef;onftrsK;d orD;av;[m aovGef wJhtcgrSmvnf; &[EÅmt&Sifjrwfukd qGrf; vSL'gef;&aom tusK;d aMumihf wm0wd o H mewf jynfrmS ,lZemajcmufq,fus,w f hJ AdrmefBu;D twGi;f rSm trsK;d rsK;d aomewfw\ Ykd tqifwefqm rsm;jzihf ae&ygw,f/ ½kwfw&wfvSL'gef;vkduf&wJh trSwf wrJu h o k v kd af v;[m olrukd rSwrf w S &f &jzpfap avmufatmif Bu;D rm;pGmaom tusK;d w&m;awG &&SdcHpm;&ygw,f/ olr[m ukodkvfuH&JUt&Sdeft[kef
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/
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ukad pvTwNf y;D OyÜ&aD '0D teD;rSm&yfum]]tkd- cspforD; OyÜ&D? b,ftwGuf aMumihf idak e&ovJ}} ]]bk&m;wynhfawmfr&JU orD;uav; aowmaMumihf idyk gw,fb&k m;}} vdYk OyÜ&rD zd &k m; u jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f dk avQmufawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u]]tkd- cspforD;? OyÜ&D onfocsKØif; ae&mrSm ]Zd0g} qkdwJhtrnfeJY oifhorD;aygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifwdkYudk oN*KØ[fcJhzl;NyD/ &Spfaomif;av;axmifaomorD;wdkYwGif b,f orD;ukd tpGjJ yKvYdk ikw d mvJ}} jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU tar;pum;ukd Mum; awmh OyÜ&rD zd &k m;[m oHo&m\0#fqif;&J'u k © awGudk awG;rdomG ;um]]aMomf- 'DocsKiØ ;f rSmyJ Zd0gqkw d t hJ rnf eJY orD;aygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif oN*KØ[f zl;Ny/D ,ckorD;uav;rS idak <u;aewm &Supf &m aumif;vSygvm;? aMomf- aojcif;w&m;qkw d m aMumufvefYp&maumif;ygvm;/ trnfwlwJh orD;aygif;&Spaf omif;av;axmifqadk wmh trnf trsK;d rsK;d eJaY owmawGvnf; renf;avmufb;l / orD;awGom aoonfr[kwf igvnf;yJ tBurd f Burd af ozl;cJNh y}D } [k 0dyóemÓPfjzihf qifjcif vkdufum xkdcPcsif;rSmyif 0dyóemÓPf xuf o ef p G m BuD ; rm;í r*f w &m;tqih f q ih f jzpfymG ;av&m udavomukecf rf;aom &[EÅm tjzpfukd vlb Y 0ESiyfh if tpD&0wDjrpfurf;ab; rSm &&Sad wmfryl gw,f/ vl0wfESihf &[EÅmtjzpfukd aecGihf r&aom OyÜ & D a '0D [ m eef ; awmf j yef N yD ; aumovrif;BuD;ukd today;um bdu©KeDr 0wfomG ;ojzihf ]]OyÜ&aD x&Dr}} &,fvYkd jzpfomG ; ygw,f/ &Snv f sm;vSwhJ oHo&mqkw d hJ 0#f'u k © twGi;f rSm vlwikd ;f vlwidk ;f [m rsu&f nfr;kd awG ukd ork'´&mav;pif;ruatmif idka<u;cJhMu &ygw,f/ aomujzpf p &m wpf c gBuKH w k d i f ; rsu&f nfpufav;awG a<uus ajrccJw h hJ tBurd f aygif;[mvnf; renf;awmhygbl;/ a&wGuv f yYkd if Ekid o f nfr[kwaf wmh/ odaYk omf.. aomujzpfwkdif;om rsuf&nfwkdYjzihf tpm;xk d ; r,f q k d y gu tJ ' D a omu[m ajy aysmufomG ;rSmr[kwo f vkd ydNk y;D awmhyif qk;d 0g; oGm;apygw,f/ a[m'DavmuBu;D twGi;f rSm b,fvkd pmrsufESm 15 odkY
DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/
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jrwfaom&wemwdkYwnf&m r[mork'´&m The Boundless mighty Ocean [Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif à rsm;pGmaoma&udkaqmifwwfaom? rEdIif;,SOftyfaom? jyif;xefaomtoH&adS om? rsm;pGmaMumufrufz, G &f m&Sad om? jrwfaom &wemwdkY\ wnf&mvnf;jzpfaom? ork'´&modkY vlaygif;rsm;pGmwkdY rSD0J&mjzpfí woGifoGifpD;aeukefaom ajrmufjrm;pGmaomjrpfwdkY onf pD;0ifuyfa&mufukefouJhodkY........
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To boundless mighty ocean, mighty pool, Fearsome, the resting -place of divers gems, As rivers bearing multitudes of men, Flow broadly down and to that ocean come.........
yXryk n mbd o E´ o k w f om0w¬ded'gef; &[ef;wd?Yk þav;rsKd ;ukeaf om aumif;rItxk ukov kd t f ,OfwYkd onf csrf;omudk aqmifwwfukefonf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hkudk ay;wwfuek o f nf? csr;f omusKd ;&Su d ek o f nf? ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfuek o f nf jzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f ufz, G t f vkiYd mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD; tyGm;tvdiYk mS ? csr;f omtvdiYk mS jzpfuek \ f / tb,fav;rsdK;wdkYenf;[lrl? &[ef;wdkY- tMuif'g,um\ ouFe;f udk oH;k aqmifaom&[ef;onf twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om (t&[wå zdv k )f pdwEf iS , fh OS af om orm"dukd jynhpf akH píae\/ xd'k g,um\ twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om aumif;rItxk ukov kd t f ,Ofonf csr;f omudk aqmifwwf onf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hkudk ay;wwfonf/ csrf;omusdK;&Sdonf/ ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfonfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f ufz, G t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm;tvdiYk mS ? csr;f omtvdiYk mS jzpf\/ &[ef;wd-Yk tMuif'g,um\qGr;f udo k ;kH aqmifaom&[ef;onf twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om (t&[wåzv kd )f pdwEf iS , fh OS af om orm"dukd jynhpf kH apíae\/ xd'k g,um\ twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om aumif;rItxk ukov kd f t,Ofonf csrf;omudk aqmifwwfonf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hkudk ay;wwfonf/ csrf;omusdK;&Sdonf/ ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfonfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f ufz, G t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm; tvdkYiSm? csrf;omtvdkYiSmjzpf\/ &[ef;wd-Yk tMuif'g,um\ ausmif;udo k ;kH aqmifaom&[ef; onf twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om (t&[wåzv kd )f pdwEf iS , fh OS af om orm"dukd jynhpf akH píae\/ xd'k g,um\ twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om aumif;rItxk ukov kd t f ,Ofonf csr;f omudk aqmifwwfonf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hk udk ay;wwfonf/ csrf;omusdK;&Sdonf/ ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfonfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f ufz, G t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm; tvdkYiSm? csrf;omtvdkYiSmjzpf\/ &[ef;wdkY- tMuif'g,um\olemtaxmuftyHhjzpfaom aq;toH;k taqmifukd oH;k aqmifaom&[ef;onf twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om (t&[wåzv kd )f pdwEf iS , fh OS af om orm"dukd jynhpf akH píae\/ xd'k g,um \ twkid ;f t&Snrf &Sad om aumif;rItxkuo k v kd t f ,Ofonf csr;f omudk aqmifwwfonf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hkudk ay;wwfonf/ csrf;om usKd ;&So d nf/ ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfonfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f uf zG,t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm; tvdiYk mS ? csr;f omtvdiYk mS jzpf \ / &[ef;wd-Yk þav;rsKd ;aom aumif;rItxkuo k v kd t f ,OfwYkd onf csr;f omudak qmifwwfuek o f nf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hu k kd ay;wwf
Flood of merit (to laymen) Sa-vatthi was the source of this Sutta. Monks, there are these four floods of merit, floods of things profitable, bringing happiness, giving the best things, whose fruit is happiness, leading to the heaven world, leading to what is dear, delightful and pleasant, to profit and happiness. What are the four? To him, monks, who is the given of the robe, using which a monk is able to attain and abide in unbounded concentration of mind, to him comes a flood of merit, a flood of things profitable, bringing happiness. To him, monks, who is the giver of alms- food, using which a monk is able to attain and abide in unbounded concentration of mind, to him comes a flood of merit, a flood of things profitable, bringing happiness. To him, monks, who is the given of lodging, using which a monk is able to attain and abide in unbounded concentration of mind, to him comes a flood of merit, a flood of things profitable, bringing happiness. To him, monks, who is the given of requisites and medicines for use in sickness, using which a monk is able to attain and abide in unbounded concentration of mind, to him comes a flood of merit, a flood of things profitable, bringing happiness, giving the best things, whose fruit is happiness, leading to the heaven world, leading to what is dear, delightful and pleasant, to profit and happiness. These, monks, are the four flood of merit, floods of things profitable, bringing happiness. Moreover, monks if a Ariyan disciple be possessed of these four flood of merit, flood of things profitable, it is no easy thing to take the measure of his merit, (so as to say);– "Such and such is the extent of the flood of merit and so forth," nay, it is to be reckoned as on incalculable, immeasurable, mighty mass of merit. Just as, monks, it is no easy thing to take the measure of the water in the mighty ocean (so as to say),– "So many gallons of water, so many hundred, so many thousand, so many hundreds of thousands of gallons of water," – nay, it is to be reckoned as an incalculable, immeasurable, mighty mass of merit. To boundless mighty ocean, mighty pool, Fearsome, the resting- place of divers gems, As rivers bearing multitudes of men Flow broadly down and to that ocean come; Just so to him that giveth food, drink, clothes, Who bed and seat and coverlet provides,
DHAMMA DEW
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"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/
ukefonf/ csrf;omusdK;&Sdukefonf/ ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfukefonfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f ufz, G t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm; tvdkYiSm? csrf;omtvdkYiSmjzpfukef\/ &[ef;wd-Yk ]]þrQavmuf twkid ;f t&Sn&f adS om aumif;rItxk ukov kd t f ,Ofonf csr;f omudk aqmifwwfonf/ aumif;jrwfaomtm½Hk udk ay;wwfonf/ csrf;omusdK;&Sdonf/ ewfjynfüjzpfapwwfonfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vdiYk mS ? ESpo f uf zG,t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm; tvdkYiSm? csrf;omtvdkYiSm jzpf\}} [k þaumif;rItxkukodkvft,Of av;rsKd ;wdEYk iS jfh ynhpf akH om t&d,mom0u\ aumif;rIyrmPud, k jl cif;iSm rvG,/f pifppftm;jzihf ra&rwGuEf ikd ?f rEdiI ;f ,SOEf ikd af om Bu;D pGmaom aumif;rItpk[líomvQif a&wGufjcif;odkYa&muf\/ &[ef;wd-Yk r[mork'&´ mü ]]þrQavmuf uGr;f pm;}} (av;pv,f 0if wpfjynfom;udk wpfurG f;pm;[kac:onhf) yrmP&Sd a&wdkY}} [lí vnf;aumif;}}? þrQavmuf uGr;f pm;t&myrmP&Sd a&wd}Yk } [lívnf; aumif ; ? ]]þrQavmuf uG r f ; pm;taxmif y rmP&S d a&wd k Y } } [l í vnf;aumif;? ]]þrQavmuf uGrf;pm;todef;yrmP&Sda&wdkY}} [lí vnf;aumif;? a&\yrmPudk ,ljcif;iSmrvG,f/ pifppftm;jzihf ra& rwGuEf ikd /f rEIid ;f ,SOEf ikd af om Bu;D pGmaom a&tpk[í l omvQif a&wGuf jcif;odYk a&mufouJo h ?Ykd &[ef;wd-Yk þtwlomvQif ]]þrQavmufaom aumif;rItxkuo k v kd t f ,Ofonf csr;f omudak qmifwwfonf/ aumif;jrwf aomtm½Hu k kd ay;wwfonf/ csr;f omusKd ;&So d nf/ ewfjynfü jzpfapwwf onfjzpfí tvd&k zdS , G t f vkiYd mS ? ESpo f ufz, G t f vdiYk mS ? jrwfE;kd zG,t f vdiYk mS ? tpD;tyGm;tvdiYk mS ? csr;f omtvdiYk mS jzpf\}} [k þaumif;rItxk ukov kd f t,Ofav;rsKd ;wdEYk iS fh jynhpf akH om t&d,mom0u\ aumif;rIyrmPudk pmrsufESm 4 rStquf wjcm;tm;ud;k p&mr&So d nht f wGuaf Mumihf toufupkd eG NYf y;D awmh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem (3) yg;udk jrwfjrwfE;kd Ed;k ud;k uG,Mf uw,f/ ig;yg; oDv aqmufwnf Ny;D towftaocHvu dk Mf uwm ewfjynfa&mufomG ; Muw,f/ cdk;qdk;wdkufcdkufwJhtukodkvf[m tusdK;ay;csdefr&vkdufbl;/ ckeuaqmufwnfvu dk w f hJ ukov kd u f t H usKd ;ay;vdYk ewfjynfa&mufomG ; wmayhg/ ewfjynfuae vlYjynf? vlYjynfuae ewfjynf pHkcsnfqefcsnfeJY bk&m;wpfql&JUtMum;rSm MuifvnfMu&w,f/ a*gwrbk&m; yGiw fh t hJ cgrSm olwv Ykd nf; vljY ynfa&mufvmMu w,f/ om0w¬Nd rKd Uem;u NrKd UwHcg;teD;rSm wHig&Gmav;wpf&mG &Sw d ,f/ tJ'D &Gmu tdraf jcig;&m&Sw d ,f/ tckacwfvkd wHigqdw k m a&vkyo f m;ayhg/ wHigvdq Yk &kd if enf;enf;½dik ;f ovm;vd/Yk tJ'&D mG rSm ckeu "m;jyig;&mpvH;k vlvmjzpfMuw,f/ "m;jyacgif;aqmifu tJ'&D mG rSm acgif;aqmifyJ jyefjzpf w,f/ wNydKifeufaovmMuNyD; wNydKifeufwnf; vlYjynfa&mufvmMu w,f/ wNyKd ief ufwnf; arG;Muw,f/ acgif ; aqmif j zpf w J h t d r f u wH i gonf a cgif ; aqmif B uD ; u olom;av;arG;wJah eYrmS yJ 'Djyiftrd u f arG;wJu h av;awGvu dk &f mS vku d w f hJ tcg ig;&m&w,f/ olwt Ykd wGuyf g olu arG;p&dwaf wGxw k af y;Ny;D awmh olo Y m;av;tazmf&atmifqNkd y;D auR;arG;xm;w,f/ tm;vH;k udk aysmaf ysmf y;g;yg;eJY vlYb0a&mufvmapw,fayhg/ 0ifaiGuvnf; aumif;w,f xifyg&JU/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
Torrents of merit flood that mortal wise, As rivers, bearing water, reach the main. (Complete translation of the Tipitaka, Anguttara Nikaya, The Gradual sayings, book Fours, Text two, Chapter VI, Flood of merit sutta.) Hanthawaddy- U Ohn Kyaing
,ljcif;iSm rvG,/f pifppftm;jzihf ra&rwGuEf ikd f rEdiI ;f ,SOEf ikd af om Bu;D pGm aom aumif;rItpk[líomvQif a&wGufjcif;odkY a&muf\[k jrwfpGm bk&m; a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ rsm;pGmaoma&udkaqmifwwfaom (uGrf;pm;ta&twGuf tp&S d o nf j zih f ) rEd I i f ; ,S O f t yf a om? jyif ; xef a omtoH & S d a om? rsm;pGmaMumufrufzG,f&m&Sdaom? jrwfaom&wemwdkY\wnf&m vnf;jzpfaom ork'´&modkY vlaygif;rsm;pGmwdkY rSD0J&mjzpfí woGif oGifpD;aeukefaom ajrmufjrm;pGmaomjrpfwdkYonf pD;0ifuyfa&muf ukefouJhodkY/ þtwl xrif;? tazsmf? t0wf? ykqdk;? tdyf&mae&mwdkY udkvnf;aumif;? tdyf&mvTrf;udkvnf;aumif; ay;vSLwwfaom ynm&SdolodkY? a&udkaqmifwwfaomjrpfwdkYonf ork'´&modkY pD;0if uyfa&mufukefouJhodkY xdkYtwl aumif;rIt,OfwdkYonf pD;0ifuyf a&muf u k e f o wnf ; / (q|oH*g,emwif ygVdyd#uwfawmf t*Fkwå&edum,f0if okwåef yd#uwf t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf? pwkuúedygwf? yknmbdoE´0*f? y|r yknmbdoE´okwfudk azmfjyygonf/) [Hom0wD -OD;tkef;BudKif
&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd&ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGm jzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU/
DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
odMum;omoem r[kwfyg vu© P (aysmf b G , f )
tif ; 0acwf ork d i f ; pmrsuf E S m xJ ]]rif ; BuD ; pG m apmf u J } }qd k w J h xif & S m ;wJ h rif;wpfyg; tif;0udk pd;k pHcw hJ ,f/ rif;BuD;pGm apmfu[ J m i,fpOfb0u &ckid b f ek ;f Bu;D wpfyg; xHrmS ynm oifc&hJ ygw,f/ olynmoif,cl w hJ hJ &ck d i f b k e f ; BuD ; [m rif ; BuD ; pG m apmf u J t m; avmuD y nm&yf awG j zpf w J h aA'if ? rEÅ e f ? tif;tkdifpwJh ynm&yfawGom wwfajrmuf uRr;f usiaf tmif oifay; ygw,f/ aemifwpfcsed rf mS ]]rif;Bu;D pGmapmfu}J } dk mukd &ckid b f ek ;f Bu;D u [m bk&ifjzpfvmr,fqw ol&Y UJ ynm&yfawGeYJ odaecJw h ,f/ 'Dvedk YJ rif;Bu;D pGmapmfuJ bk&ifjzpfvmw,f/ 'gayr,hf ol&Y UJ i,fq&m &ckid b f ek ;f Bu;D udk rif;Bu;D arhaecJw h ,f/ 'gudk &ckid b f ek ;f Bu;D u odavawmh ESv;Hk pdw0f rf; rat;csr;f awmhb;l / tJ'geJY ]]rif;Bu;D ç touf &Snv f Ydk bke;f Bu;D csi&f if taemufawmifaxmifh t&yfrmS apwDwpfql uk;d uG,yf g? tJ'aD pwDudk pnf;ckaH pwD vdYk emrnfay;ygav}} qkNd y;D pmcRef awmftrSmyg;vku d yf gw,f/ rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ vnf; olYq&m trdet Yf wkid ;f bk&m;wnfzYdk pDpOfygw,f/ bk&m; wnfrnhfae&mrSm t&ifu a&Trka|mbk&m; &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ tJ'D a&Trka|mbk&m;[m a& twkdufpm;cH&NyD; "gwfawmfMuKwf[mvnf; {&m0wDjrpfxJ epfjrK§ yo f mG ;cJyh gw,f/ "gwfawmf MuKwf a&xJjrK§ yaf wmh {&myx e*g;rif;Bu;D u odrf;qnf;ukd;uG,fcJhygw,f/ tck a&Tpnf;ckH pawD wnfr,fqkdwJhowif;&awmh {&myx e*g;rif;u 'gXmem*rax&fudk "gwfawmf(5)ql ESifh "gwfawmfMuKwu f dk jyefvnftyfEcHS yhJ gw,f/
rax&fu wpfcg? rif;BuD;apmfpGmuJxH jyefNyD; qufovku d yf gw,f/ "gwfawmfig;qlxrJ S ESpq f l uk d rl v a&T r k a |m apwD b k & m;rS m jyef N yD ; Xmyemxnh f u m ok H ; ql u k d a&T p nf ; cH k a pwD awmf r S m XmyemcJ h y g w,f / a&T p nf ; ck H apwDwnfpOfu tif;0wpfNrKdU vkH; tkwftkwf aomif;eif; xdwfvefYrIawG jzpfMu ygw,f/ 'Dowif;ukd &ckid b f ek ;f Bu;D Mum;awmh tif;0NrKUd ukd <uvmNyD ; armf u G e f ; ? qif u sKH ; ? uk u ú K d y if ? o&ygwHcg;? &wemh*lawGukd wpfNyKdif wnf; wnfay;vku d rf S qlnaH omif;eif;xdwf vefrY aI wG &yfwefu Y ek yf gw,f/ &ckid b f ek ;f Bu;D u &wemh*al wG wnfjy vku d af wmhrS rif;Bu;D vnf; awmfawmfMunfnKd oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'geJY ]]r[moHC&mZm bGUJ wHqyd f awmf}} ukd qufuyfygw,f/ omoema&;udpö rSeforQudkvnf; &cdkifbkef;BuD ;eJYyJ wkdifyif aqmif&u G w f ,f/ 'Dvdk bke;f Bu;D u omoemykid f wufjzpfvmawmh pmayy&d,wfukd BuKd;pm; aeaom oHCmawmfawGrSm 'ku©awGUBuKHMu& ygw,f/ 'DtcuftcJudk remjyifig;qlt&yfrmS oDwif;ok;H aewJh ]]t&Siaf crmpm&}} qkw d hJ pmay y&d,wfuRr;f usiw f hJ &[ef;awmfav;u ajz&Si;f ygw,f/ 'D&[ef;&JU ajz&Si;f yku H nOho f ef;acgifausmf tcsed af vmufrmS pnfawmfBu;D udk tcsuaf ygif;rsm;pGm wD;ygw,f/ pnfawmfo[ H m rif;eef;awmftxd ysUH ESo YH mG ;Ny;D rif;Bu;D &JUpdwt f xifu ]]tif; 'Dpnfawmfo[ H m &[ef;wpfyg; ysv H eG af wmfrv l Ykd wD;wmjzpf&r,f? b,f&[ef;rsm; ysv H eG af wmfryl gvdr}hf } 'Dvadk wG; Ny;D rSL;rwfawGukd pkpH rf;ckid ;f vku d yf gw,f/
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rSL;rwfawGuvnf; pnfw;D &mt&yf a&mufawmh pnfw;D wJ&h [ef;ukd ar;ygw,f/ ]]t&Sifbk&m; tapmwkef;u pnf awmfw;D wm t&Sib f &k m;vm;}} ]][kwaf yw,f? 'umBu;D wd}Yk } ]]b,f&[ef;ysv H eG af wmfrv l Ykd pnfw;D &ygovJb&k m;}} ]]b,f & [ef ; rS ysH v G e f a wmf r l w m r[kwyf gbl;? pnfw;D &jcif;taMumif;u odMum; rif;aovdYk wD;&jcif;jzpfygw,f}} ]]od M um;rif ; aowm t&S i f b k & m; b,fvv kd yk o f o d vJb&k m;}} ]]'umBu;D wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; y&deAd mÁ ef pH 0 if c geD ; od M um;rif ; u omoemawmf u k d apmihaf &Smufygrnf vdYk 0efccH ahJ omfvnf; tck omoemawmf&JUwm0efawGukd xrf;aqmifae aom pmaywwf &[ef ; oH C mawmf w d k Y u k d rapmihfa&SmufaomaMumihf odMum;rif;aoNyD qkw d m odvu dk &f w,f? 'gaMumifh pnfw;D &jcif; jzpfygw,f}} t&Siaf crmpm&&JU pum;ukMd um;vku d f &awmh trwfBu;D awGvnf; rif;Bu;D xH avQmuf wifygw,f/ rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJuvnf; tod ÓPfynmeJjY ynhpf w Hk yhJ *k K¾ v d q f adk wmh t&Siaf crm pm&&JUpum;t"dygÜ ,fudk odvu dk yf gw,f/ 'geJyY J rif;BuD;[m t&Sifacrmpm&ESihfwuG y&d,wf uRr;f usiw f hJ &[ef;awmfwu Ykd dk ausmif;aqmuf vSL'gef;Ny;D a&Tpnf;ckaH pwDawmf taeuZmwif ESifh odro f rkwaf pcJyh gw,f/ 'D j zpf & yf u k d tajccH N yD ; ,ck a cwf vl a wG trsm;qk H ; ajymajymaewJ h ]]odMum; omoem}} qkdwJhpum;[m wGifus,faeyg w,f / NyD ; awmh aw;a&;q&mxm&J U ]]od M um;omoem}} oD c sif ; uk d OD ; armif armifBu;D u oDqx dk m;jyefawmh odMum;omoem &Sw d ,fvYkd xifMujyefyg a&m/ tEkynm&Siaf wG taeeJY "r®aw;qkdif&m awGudk a&;r,fqkd&if uRrf;usifwJhq&mawmf awGxH ar;jref;NyD;rS oD c sif ; a&;oih f y gw,f / ewf t ,l 0 g'&S d w J h vlawGuvnf; ]]raumif;ol y,f? aumif;ol u,frnf}} qkdNyD; 0g;aMum pm;aMumawGeJY ajcmufvSefYaeygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JUomoem[m bk&m;om; awmf oHCmawmfawGyJ apmihaf &Smufaeygw,f/ apmifha&SmufMu&rSmyg/ 'gaMumihf y&d,wåd pmayawG u d k pmoif o m; oH C mawmf a wG BuKd;pm;oif,laeMuygw,f/ odMum;omoem qkw d m [kwyf govm;vdYk ar;jref;cJMh uaom nDr cifjrwfr?l rauauckid ?f r,fawmfBu;D wdt Yk m;vk;H ukd 'Daqmif;yg;wpfpek yYJ J jyefMum;vku d yf gw,f/ rS D N id r f ; - omoemvuF m &pmwrf ; / vu© P (aysmf b G , f )
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mysufjym;rI t0de,udk a&SmifEkdif&efjzpfonf/
vlwdkif;awmihfw ½kyfqif;½ly wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD - at)
,cif t ywf r S t quf qD M unf qDMunf[lonfrSm tkef;qDtqif;&Sd onf/ (xrif;csK;d ü qrf;tyfaom Munfaom ESr;f qDtqif;[lívnf; qko d nf/) a&csKd ; aomtcg Munf a oma&\ txufü tayguftuGujf zpfaom qDo@mef &So d nf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf vuf0g;? vufzrk;d ? ajcz0g;? ajczrk d ; ? ezl ; ? ES m acgif ; zk z sm;? vufuwD;Mum;wdüYk wnfonf/ tMuiftcgü rD;yl? aeyl? Owk azmufjyefjcif;? aoG;av azmufjyefjcif;wdaYk Mumihf vuf0g; ponfwo Ykd nf yluek \ f / xkt d cg xkt d &yfwüYkd a&csK;d aomtcg a&MunftxufwüYkd qD;aygufa&GUvsm; oGm;vm ouJhodkY xkdrS þrS a&GUvsm;oGm;vmonf/ qDMunf\tzkt Yd pk xuf0ef;usiw f jYkd zihf ykid ;f jcm; tyfayonf/ cE¨ m aA'usrf ; ürl ta&xl[al om tacguf\atmufü tajr§;onf &Sdonf/ þtajr§;tacgufwdkY\ tMum;ü acR;pka0;&m `yeG w f u Ykd o hJ Ykd qDMunf\ wnf&m tajr;§ tdww f Ykd trsm;tjym;&Su d ek o f nf/ xk d t ajr§ ; td w f w d k Y \ `yG e f w H o nf ta&vTmwdu Yk dk xk;d azmufí qH? tarT;ayguf aom taygufwdkYü t0jyifodkY vSnhfíwnf ojzihf xkdqDMunfwdkYonf twefi,fpD;xGufMu NyD ; vQif ta&tarG ; wd k Y u k d aysmh a jymif ; ajymifvufapukeo f nf/ rD;yl? aeylwaYkd Mumifv h nf;aumif;? Owk? tm[m&? aoG ; avacsmuf c sm;jcif ; aMumih f vnf;aumif; xkq d MD unfonf trsm;xGuw f wf onf/ qH? tarS;aygufaom taygufwüYkd þqD M unf ` yG e f w pf r sKd ; onf qD M unf r jywf twefi,fxGufvsuf&SdaomaMumihf jyifyrS jrLrIew f o Ykd nf uk, d w f iG ;f odYk r0ifEidk Mf uay/ xkq d MD unftw d if ,fwo Ykd nf OD;acgif;? vuf0g;? vufzrk;d ? rsuEf mS ? em;&Gu?f vufuwD;? aygifNcw H üYdk rsm;jym;ukeo f nf/ ok d ; tp&S d a om tarG ; xl a om wd&pämefwdkYüvnf; qDtdwfi,fwdkYonf rsm;pGm &Sdukefonf/ wH a wG ; wHawG;onf cHwiG ;f ü tjrK§ yEf iS afh &m aom tmayg"gwfjzpfonf/ jzLaomtjrK§ yEf iS fh
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ wdo Yk nf 0g;vk;H acgif;twGi;f ywfvnf tajr;§ uyfvsu&f o dS uJo h Ykd jzpfonf/ ES m &nf t d w f w d k Y \ tMum;üvnf ; OD;acgif;rSvmaom &oaMumwkdYonf tjynhf &SdMuonf/ xk d & oaMumwd k Y r S qif ; íjzmxG u f aom tvGeaf o;i,faom &oaMumwdo kY nf ESm&nftdwfukd zkH;aomtajr§;yg;ü ysHUESHYvsuf wnfonf/ ESm½SLjcif;? ESmap;jcif; tp&Sdaom wpfpkHwpfckaom ESm&nfxGuf&eftaMumif;&Sd vQif ESm&nf,pkd ;D wwfonf/ yuwdtm;jzihf pOhif ,fEmS &nfxu G í f ESmacgif;ü pkv d su&f o dS nf/ tap; tap;[l o nf r S m t½k d ; quf w d k Y \ twGif;ü yspfcRJaom t&m0w¦Krsm;jzpfonf/ r[mavSum;yif\ tap;ESiw fh al om tqif;&Sdonf/ wnf&mo@mefESihfwlaom o@mef&Sdonf/ t½kd;qufwdkY\ e,fqDtrIudk Nidrf; apvsuf (108)ckaom t½k;d qufw\ Ydk twGi;f ü wnfonf/ þtap;enf;aomol\ x? xkdif? oGm;? auG;? qef&Y mü t½k;d wko Yd nf vufzspw f ;D ouJo h Ykd uRwu f Rwjf rnfuek o f nf/ wpfridk ?f ESprf ikd cf &D;uko d mG ;rl 0ga,m "gwf y suf í tqpf j rpf e musif u k d u f c J o nf / uk, d w f o Ykd nf qif;&Juek \ f / tap;rsm;aomol\ x? xkid ?f oGm;? auG;? qefY&m0,f t½dk;wdkYonf uRwfuRwf rjrnfuek af y/ c&D;a0;oGm;&müvnf; 0ga,m"gwf rysufaomaMumihf tqpftjrpfwdkY emusif uku d cf jJ cif;rjzpfuek ?f uk, d v f nf; rqif;&Juek /f cE¨ m aA'usrf ; ürl u m; cg;? ausmufuek ;f ? uky½f ;dk wdEYk iS fh t½k;d Bu;D wk\ Yd tqk;H xdyüf aysmah jymif;aom t½k;d Ek onf &So d nf/ t½k d ; ES p f c k t quf t quf w d k Y r S m þt½kd;EkwdkYjzihf pyfMuonf/ þtpyfMum;wGif oGm;vmvIy&f mS ;&m ü remusi&f avatmif auG;Ekid ?f qefEY idk af tmif upD? ig;qDwu Ykd o hJ Ykd tqDonf &So d nf[k qkv d dk onf/ okuf okufqkdonfrSm owå0gwdkY\ &o tp&S d a om "gwf ( 7)yg;wd k Y ü yg0if a om rpifMu,faom 0w¦Kjzpfonf/
tmo,av;yg;wd\ Yk tjym;tm;jzihf vnf;aumif;? "gwfcsi;f rwl txl;xl;tjym;jym; &Sad omaMumihv f nf;aumif;? tqifrh wlbJ (10) rsK;d uGjJ ym;onf/ yg&mZduPf ygVdawmfokuú0dó|d odum© yk'üf (10)rsK;d a[mxm;onf/ 1/ a nKad omtqif;&Sad omoku?f 2/ 0gaomtqif;&Sad omoku?f 3/ eDaomtqif;&Sad omoku?f 4/ jzLaomtqif;&Sad omoku?f 5/ EGm;EkdYcsOf\Muufwuf&nftqif;&Sdaom oku?f 6/ a&tqif;&Sad omoku?f 7/ ESr;f qDtqif;&Sad omoku?f 8/ Ek&Yd nftqif;&Sad omoku?f 9/ EGm;EkcYd sOt f qif;&Sad omoku?f 10/ axmywftqif&h adS omoku?f okufonf ukd,ftvkH;üwnfonf/ okufonf (16)ESpf&G,f&SdrS jzpfonf/ &m* tpGr;f tm;jzihf ae&mrS a&GUíxGuo f nf/ tvGef i,faom owå0gwdüYk vnf; okuo f nf &So d nf/ (ewfwüYkd okuo f nf xGujf cif;? vTwf jcif;r&Sdacs/ &m*pdwfjzpfaomf wnfNrJwkdif; ae&mü wnfíomvQif pOf;i,fazmufjyefjcif; odkYa&muf\/) tmayg"gwftjzpfjzihf pdwåZjzpfí t*FgZmwfodYk oufqif;onf/ t*FgZmwfodkY a&mufonfrSpí pdwyå pö,Owkork|mef jzpf onf/ &[EÅmwdkYüvnf;aumif;? tem*grf wdkYüvnf;aumif; tvkH;pkHaom umr&m*r&Sd aomaMumihf okux f u G jf cif;rjzpf? ,if;wkw Yd iG f oku&f o dS nhf &m*pdwrf &Sad omaMumiho f m rxGuf jcif;jzpfonf/ jA[®mwdo Yk nf psmefjzihf cGmtyfaom &m*pdw&f adS omaMumihv f nf;aumif;? uAVdum& tm[m&ukd rSDí toufrarG;&aomaMumihf vnf;aumif;? tvsO;f yif okurf &Sad cs/ cE¨ m aA'tvk d t &rl ok u f [ l o nf uk d , f w G i f ; &S d a om t&nf"gwfwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ tajr§;tdwfi,f trsm;jzihf aygif;pkíjzpfonf/ td w f i ,f w d k Y \ `yG e f w H a yguf o nf t*FgZmwft&if;odkY axmifí vSnhfvnfvsuf &Sdonf/ þtajr§;tdwfi,fwdkYrS xGufaom t&nfwpfrsKd;ESihf qD;tdrftjyif ywfvnfrS xGufaomt&nfwpfrsKd;wdkY aygif;pyfíxGuf aom 0w¦Kjzpfonf/
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þoku[ f al om 0w¦KtwGi;f ü ovdyf uho J Ykd t&if;rS tvk;H tvsm; tzsm;ukd trQif oG,w f ef;vsuf 0w¦KrsK;d trsm;&So d nf/ usifi,f usiif ,f[o l nf rwfyu J jdk yKwí f jym uk d a&ES i h f a zsmf N yD ; vQif pyf í ,l x m;aom Munfvifaom t&nftqif;&So d nf/ a&cyftkd;twGif;ü 0ifíwnfaom a&o@mef&o dS nf/ qD;tdrüf wnfonf/ qD;tdrf onf csuaf tmuf 0rf;acgif;wGi;f ü wnf&o dS nf/ &THUtkdifüESpfxm;aom rsufESm0 r&Sd aom a&cyftkd;xJodkY a&onf pdrfh0ifouJhodkY (a&0if &ef rsuEf mS ayguf0 rxif&mS ;ouJo h )Ykd uk d , f r S usif i ,f o nf qD ; td r f o d k Y 0 if o nf / 0ifaygufonf rxif&Sm;? xGufaygufonf xif&mS ;onf/ qD;tdrüf qD;0ifí jynho f nf&dS aomf usiif ,fpeG &Yf ef jzpfvmonf/ qD;tdr\ f xuf0ef;usijf zihf ykid ;f jcm;xm;onf/ cE¨ m aA'tvk d t &rl qD;tdro f nf tajr;§ tdwv f ;Hk jzpfonf/ vk;H avsmif;aomo@mef&o dS nf/ qD;tdraf tmuf rS t*FgZmwfoYkd avsmufaom usiif ,fxu G &f ef `yeG w f aH ygufonf oG,w f ef;vsu&f o dS nf/ xkq d ;D tdro f nf csuaf tmuf qD;pyf 0rf;acgif;wGi;f ü wnfonf/ ausmufuyf (2) ckwdkYonf qD;tdrf\ wpfbufü azmuf0ifí wnfonf/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD - at)
pmrsufESm 10 rS aomuawGaMumifhyif rsuf&nfusus tJ'D rsuf&nfawG[m wefzkd;r&Sdovdk tokH;vnf; r0ifygbl;/ a[m'D o H o &mBuD ; twG i f ; rS m &S d w J h rsuf & nf p uf a wG t m;vk H ; xJ r S m w&m;wnf ; [laom ]"r®} aMumifh uswJhrsuf&nfrSwpfyg; tjcm;aomrsu&f nfawG[m tylr;D awGygyJ/ aomuaMumifhjzpfwJh tylrD;awGukd "r®wnf;[laom rk;d a&pufav;awGeYJ jzef;yuf rSomvQif aomuqkw d hJ tylr;D awGu Nird ;f at; rSmjzpfygw,f/ OyÜ&Dax&Duawmh om;orD;wnf; [laom tylr;D aMumihu f svmwJh rsu&f nfawGukd z,fow k Nf y;D Nird ;f at;rIcsr;f omukd &oGm;ygNy/D pm½IolwdkYaum.../ usrf;ukd; OyÜ & D a x&D 0 w¦ K (wd u ed y gwf ) a&Tuef t&SifMobmooD&d
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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tif;Zl;av;(&efukefAk'¨wuúodkvf)
pmtkyrf sm;rSm (10) tkycf ef&Y í dS jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; rjzpfrae zwfzl;xm;oihfaom pmtkyfrsm;yif jzpf o nf / vl r sKd ; jcm;rsm;ES i h f ½l ; ½l ; rk d u f r k d u f tdrfaxmifjyKrdonhftcg jrefrmtrsKd;orD;i,f rsm; 'kua© &myHrk sm;udk pepfwus azmfjyxm;aom pmtkyrf sm; jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gi;f aom tdraf xmif jyKjcif;rsm;ukd umuG,fí csrf;ajrUaysmf&Tifae aom om;orD;rsm;udk awGUjrif vko d nhrf b d rsm; taejzihf 0,fay;xm;oihaf om pmtkyrf sm;jzpf ayonf/ w&m;awmfrsm;ukd ñTefjyay;&rnf qkdvQif q&mawmft&SifZ0e (arwåm&Sif-a&T jynfom) a[mMum;cJhaom ]]yifv,fa&ESihf jrpfa&}} w&m;awmfyifjzpfonf/ yifv,fa&onf rnfrQyif aygrsm; apumrl tief"gwfrsm;aeonht f wGuf aomuf í csKd ; ír&aoma&jzpf o nf / jrpf a &onf yifv,fa&avmuf rrsm;aomfvnf; aomufí csKd;í&aoma&jzpfonf/ xkdYtwl vlrsKd;jcm;wdkY \ vuf0,f&adS om Opömypön;f wdo Yk nf jrefrm vlrsK;d wdt Yk wGuf yifv,fa&uJo h yYkd ifjzpfaMumif; ponfjzihf tus,fw0ihf &Sif;jyxm;ygonf/ uk d , f w d k i f v nf ; em,l cspf w J h o l r sm;ud k v nf ; vufaqmifay; ("r®'ge)jyKoihfaom w&m; wpf y k ' f j zpf o nf r k d Y &S m azG e m,l M unh f & ef wku d w f eG ;f vku d yf gonf/ q&mawmfBu;D rsm;\ Mo0g'ukd ñTejf y ay;&rnfqv dk Qif urÇmÓ h Pftaumif;qk;H yk*K¾ v d f tjzpf *if;epfrw S w f rf;0if wdy#d u"& jzpfawmf rlaom q&mawmf b'´EÅ0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho rif ; uG e f ; q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ Mo0g'yif jzpf o nf / rif ; uG e f ; q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ ausmif;wdkuf y&0kPftwGif; taqmuftOD; opfwpfck aqmufvkyfvsuf&Sd&m vkdtkyfaom ypön;f rsm;ukd jrefrmvlrsK;d r[kww f q hJ idk rf S 0,f,l í aqmufvyk Mf uonf/ xkt d aMumif;udk q&m
awmfBuD; od&Sdaomtcg]]jrefrmqkid u f tjrwfwpfq,f (10d^) [m jrefrmjynfBu;D &JU trsK;d bmom omoem twGu ftokH;csr,hf wpfq,fjzpfw,f/ jrefrm f tjrwfwpfusyf (1d^) [m vlrsK;d r[kww f q hJ idk u wkw Yd idk ;f jynfysupf ;D &m ysupf ;D aMumif;udk tok;H csr,fh wpfusyjf zpfw,f}} [k aqmufvyk af &; orm;rsm;ukd qk;H rMo0g'ay;cJzh ;l ygonf/ þtaMumif;t&mudk aEG&moDAk'¨ bmom ,Ofaus;vdrm® oifwef;wGiv f nf;jrefrmjynfom;wdu Yk u dk , G ?f rif;uGe;f q&mawmf rSmcJw h ,f/ jrefrmqkid u f tjrwfwpfq,f? ausmif;Bu;D aqmufvYdk bk&m;wnf/ vlrsK;d jcm;qkid u f tjrwfwpfusy?f wkw Yd idk ;f jynfBu;D ysuzf t Ydk wGu/f q&mawmfBu;D u rSmcJw h m? tvGet f a&;Bu;D vdyYk g/ oli,fcsi;f awGvnf; odatmifu, G ?f 'DtaMumif;av; ajymjyr,f/ 'dv Yk rl sK;d awG tqifajyzd?Yk jrefrmqkid rf mS 0,fMupk/Yd [k txufyg twkid ;f uAsmpyfí uav;i,frsm;ukd oifMum; ay;cJyh gonf/ jrefrmvlrsKd;wkdYonf pD;yGm;a&;tjrif r&SdbJ pwkd;qkdif? ukefpkHqkdif? ta&mif;t0,f vk y f o l enf ; yg;onf h t wG u f aps;a&mif ; í Bu;D yGm;csr;f omMuol trsm;pkrmS jrefrmvlrsK;d wkYd r[kwfMuay/ aps;a&mif;jcif;[lonf tjrwf vkdcsifíom a&mif;jcif;jzpfay&m pm;0wfae a&;? use;f rma&;twGuf vdt k yfaomypön;f rsm; ukd 0,f,lonhftcg tjrwfay;&jcif;twlwl tjrwfay;oihfonfh qkdifukd a&G;cs,fEkdif&ef &nf&, G í f arwåmqE´jzihf azmfjy vku d yf gonf/ tif;Zl;av;(&efukefAk'¨wuúodkvf)
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
17
"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/
rpifbifykyf csrf;omvkyfcsif udwdårom;(&mrnrGef)
wpf c gwk e f ; u jrwf p G m bk & m;[m aemufygoHCmrsm;pGmESifh a'opm&D vSnv fh nf awmh aumovwkid ;f u £päme*Fv ykPmÖ ;&Gm ukd a&mufomG ;w,f/ &Gmjyifbufu £päme*Fv awmtkyx f rJ mS yJ oDwif;ok;H awmfryl gw,f/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqkdawmh uif;qdwfjcif; qkw d hJ 0da0uukd tvk&d v dS yYdk /J tJ'0D ad 0uqkw d m (3)yg;&Sw d ,f/ 1/ um,0da0u? 2/ pdwå0da0u? 3/ Oy"d0ad 0u wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ 1/ um,0da0u qkdwm wpfukd,f wnf;aejcif;? a&ma&maxG;axG;aexkdifjcif;rS uif;qdwjf cif;jzpfygw,f/ taygif;tazmfrsm;ukd pGev Yf w T Nf y;D wwfEidk o f rQ qdwNf ird &f mrS wpfu, dk f wnf;aejcif;ukd um,0da0u vdaYk c:w,f/ 2/ pdw0å ad 0u qkw d m tm½kt H rsK;d rsK;d wdkY&JU qlnH½IwfaxG; arsmufvkdajy;vTm; r&yf rem;Ekid f zrf;ukid rf &jzpfaewJph w d af wGudk tm½kH wpfcw k nf;&JUtay:rSm pl;pku d Nf ird o f uf at;csr;f aewmudk ac:ygw,f/ tJ'v D dk wpfcw k nf;aom tm½kHrSm pdwfukdwnfNidrfatmifxm;Ekdifwmukd pdw0å ad 0u vdaYk c:ygw,f/ 3/ Oy"d0ad 0u qkdwm t&m&mrSm uif;qdwfjyKjyif pD&ifjcif;cH&wJh ocFww&m; tm;vkH;u uif;qdwfjcif;? at;Nidrf;jcif; oEÅd
okcjzpfwJh edAÁmefukd rsufarSmufjyKoGm;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ umr*kPw f rYkd v S nf;aumif;? udav omwkdYrSvnf;aumif;? ocFg&w&m;wdkYrSvnf; aumif;? cE¨m 5 yg;wdrYk v S nf;aumif;? cyford ;f aom tjcif;t&mwkdYrS uif;qdwfjcif;wdkYukd Oy"d0ad 0u vdaYk c:ygw,f/ tJ ' D a wmh jrwf p G m bk & m;ES i h f w uG oHCmawmft&SifoljrwfawG &Gmtjyifbufu £päme*FvawmtkyfxJrSm oDwif;okH;awmfrl ygw,fqw dk hJ 'Dowif;ukd &Gmol&mG om;awG Mum; awmh pm;zG,faomufzG,f vSL'gef;zG,fawGESihf jrwfpmG bk&m;xHudk vmMuw,f/ qlqyl u G yf u G f ESifh tvkt,uf vSLMuzkyYd gyJ/ awmtkyx f u J ausmif;0a&mufawmh ½kwfw&ufr0ifao;bJ tjyifbufrmS yJ <uufp<D uufpED iS fh us,u f s,f avmifavmif pum;awGajymaeMuw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u bk&m;tvkyfta<u;u t&Sifem*dwjzpfvkdY jrwfpGmbk&m;ar;w,f/ ]]em*dw <uufpDMuufpDESihf ig;pdrf; onfawG 0,fMua&mif;Muovkd ausmif;jyif bufu b,foal wGv}J } tJ ' D v k d jrwf p G m bk & m;uar;awmh t&Sief m*dw u]]rSeyf gbk&m;? £päme*Fv&Gmom;awG yg? bk&m;ESihf oHCmawmfawGudk vSLzkdYwef;zdkY twGuf cJz, G af bmZOfawG rsm;pGm,lvmMuyg
w,f bk&m;? olwpYkd um;ajymaeMuwmyg}} 'Dawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u]]rm[H em*dw ,aoe orm*rH rmpr,m ,aom}} wJ/h ]]em*dw? igbk&m;onf ta`cGt&H tausmftapm vmbfvmbESihf ra&maESm rawGUqkHvkd? ta`cGt&HtausmftapmawGu vnf; igbk&m;ESihfvmNyD; a&maESmrawGUqkH ygapESi}fh } vkYd rdeaYf wmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/ 'gukd t&Sief m*dwu Mum;0ifw,f/ ]]jrwf p G m bk & m; ol w d k Y , l v mMuwJ h vmbfvmbawGudkvnf; tvSLcHawmfrlyg/ olwdkYwpfawG 0kdif;tkHcsOf;uyfMuwmudkvnf; cGiafh wmfryl g/ þodv Yk ufcjH cif;tm;jzihf jrwfpmG bk&m; oGm;av&m vmav&m a&mufav&m t&yfwidk ;f rSm tNct H &HawG jzpfygvdrrhf ,fb&k m;}} wJ/h tJ'DtcgrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u]]em*dw tMuifoo l nf igbk&m;uJo h Ykd twkr&Sd Nidrf;at;aomcsrf;omudk r&pzl;? xk d o l o nf þvmbf v mbES i h f ta`cG t &H tausmt f apmuav;rsm;ukyd if t[kwBf u;D xif Ny;D rufarmum rpifbifyyk u f dk csr;f omatmif vkyí f om,mp&m rSwx f ifay&m\}} vdYk rdeYf awmfrv l u dk w f ,f/ qkv d w dk mu igbk&m;vdk tvGeaf t;
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
18
"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/
Nird ;f csr;f ajrUwJo h ck ukd r&Muzl;awmh 'Dvmbf vmbav;awGudkyJ? 'DtNcHt&Hav;awGudkyJ tvG e f Y t vG e f BuD ; us,f w J h csrf ; omok c vk d Y xifaeMuwmwJh/ trSefrSm igbk&m;&xm;wJh § ck }} csr;f omawGEiS pfh mvQif 'D[mawGu ]]rdVo acs;csr;f om ao;csr;f omrQavmufyJ &Sw d ,f vdYk &uf&ufpufpufqkdawmfrlvkdufw,f/ 'gukyd J t&Sief m*dwu xyfrNH y;D awmh avQmufjyefao;w,f/ ]]jrwfpmG bk&m;? olwu Ykd kd vdu k af vsm vufcHjcif;tm;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm 0ef;usif ywfjcm y&dowfta`ct G &Haygrsm;zko Yd m jzpfyg w,fb&k m;}} wJ/h 'Dawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u]]em*dw? igbk&m;onf awmvrf;rSm c&D;oGm;aew,fqkdygawmh? tJ'DtcgrSm a&SU aemuf0, J m ta`ct G &HrygwJt h jyif c&D;oGm;ol wpfpw Hk pfa,mufurdk Q rjrif&tH/h xkt d cgrsK;d wGif atmufxpfq;Hk usiBf u;D usiif ,fpeG &Yf jcif;onf yif csr;f omvGwv f yfayao;\}} vdYk aemufq;Hk rdeaYf wmfrv l u dk w f ,f/ þuJhodkY vmbouúm& odavmu ta`ct G &H tausmt f apmESiyfh wfoufvmvQif jrwfpmG bk&m;u ypfypfcgcg rdeaYf wmfrw l wf\/ tBu;D tus,f tjypfajymawmfro l nf/ odaYk omf avmuBuD;wpfckvkH;uvlawGurl xkdvmb ouúm& odavmuawGurkd S t[kwBf u;D xifae Mujyef\/ tom;ay;Mu\/ OD;pmay;Mu\/ yumoevkyMf u\/ r&vQif &atmifBuaH qmif Muukef\/ avmuvlom;rsm; tm;xkwfBuH aqmifMuonfrSm &SdapOD;awmh/ xkdvlwdkYukd twk,í l &[ef;wdu Yk tm;xkwMf u&mü rsm;pGm tjypf&í dS tyg,f'*k w ¾ v d ufrw S u f kd ,lMuovkd jzpfawmh\/ ]]þvmbfouúm& odavmuvTr;f rk;d rIaMumifh tyg,fa&muf&aom yk*K¾ v d w f v Ykd nf; renf;vSawmhacs/ tvGejf rihaf om rk;d aumif; uifjyifü Murf;wrf;aom a0&rÇavwpfrsKd;
wku d cf wfvsu&f \ dS / xkad vjyif;rdaomiSuo f nf acgif ; wpf j cm; uk d , f w pf j cm; ajcvuf t *F g wpfjcm; ysujf ym;&ouJo h Ykd xkt Yd wl þvmb ouúm&odavmu vTrf;rkd;rIcH&aom &[ef; onfvnf; xkt d vm;yif ysujf ym;&wwf\/}} [k vmbouúm&H oH,w k üf a[mawmfrx l m;onf ukd awGU&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm a&S;uyg&rDawG qnf;yl; cJv h Ydk bke;f uHBu;D rm;½kH Bu;D rm;wmuawmh tjypf r&Sdygbl;/ 'gayr,hf olYMunhf&wm ]]igvkdvl ZrÁLrSm&Sad o;&JUvm;}} qkw d hJ [efrsK;d eJY rmeuav; ygaeyk?H olrsm;ukd txifao;aeykH ay:aew,f/ 'DrmS tjypfu 0ifvmwm/ 'Dawmh bmeJYwloGm;vJqkd&if pmxJ rSmygwJh ]]acs;yk;d xk;d aumifBu;D ESifh vk;H 0wlomG ;Ny}D } vdYk a&S;q&mawmfBu;D rsm;u ajymNy;D rSwcf suf csvu dk w f ,f/ 'DtjypfawGudk rjrif&mS wJo h al wG udv k nf; oem;oGm;rdw,f/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;[m ]]vmb ouúm&oH,kwf}} rSm (rDV§uokwf) qkdwm ygw,f / uRJ a cs; EG m ;acs;awG u d k p m;aewJ h acs;ykd;xkd;aumifBuD;taMumif;udk a[mxm; w,f/ tJ't D aumifBu;D u acs;ykBH u;D ukd av;zuf um; cGxidk ?f Aku d x f v J nf; tjynht f 0pm;? a&S; rSmvnf; trsm;BuD;usefao;? aemufaeYawG twGuf vnf;&Sdao;w,f/ igvdkvl ZrÁLrSm &Sad o;&JUvm;vdYk <um;owJ/h wjcm;taumifawG[m ighvdk rjynhpf Hk &S m Mubl ; / bk e f ; uH e nf ; yg;Muygayw,f v d k Y txifao;owJh/ tJ'DOyrmtwkdif;yJ rjrif h m; ruef;eJY vmbouúm&pdwv f rG ;f wJh wynfo &[ef;awGukd qk;H rawmfrw l ,f/ wpfcguqkd pma&;ol awmifOuú vmyNrKdUe,fxJrSm aEGtcg ausmif;ydwf&ufrkdY tm;vyf w J h t csd e f r S m oif w ef ; wuf c sif í oifwef;wuf&ef oGm;pkHprf;wJhtcg oifwef; wuf&ef tm;vk;H tqifajycJyh gw,f/ wpfck tqifrajywmav;wpfck &Syd g
ao;w,f/ tJ'guawmh aezkdY&eftwGufyg/ tJ'geJY pma&;ol thJ'Dem;u ausmif;awGrSm wpfvESpfvavmuf aecGihfawmif;ygw,f/ pma&;olwdkY tcuftcJ tppt&m&mudkvnf; avQmufjyygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; rnfonhf ausmif;udkrS avQmufvkYd vufrcHyg/ vmbf vmbarQmfvihfcsufr&Sdí jzpfonf/ 'gayr,h f tJ ' D a usmif ; awG u bmajymvku d v f q J adk wmh vcay;ygwJ/h tJ'v D dk ausmif;awGudk awGU&awmh t&rf;yJ tHhMord w,f/ 'Dvadk usmif;awGuvnf; &Sad o;ygvm; vdYk pdwfraumif;pGmESihf jyefvmcJh&zl;ygw,f/ 'Dta&;ukd BuKdjrifvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; [m owday;xm;wmvm;rodbl;/ bmvdkYvJ qk&d if ]]rmbdua© 0 vmbouúm& odavmuH 0d[,dw}¦ } &[ef;wdYk avmb ouúm&odavmu ukd rrufarmMueJY wJ/h vmbouú m &od a vmuvd k Y q k d w J h vmbfvmbukd rufarmaejcif;wdo Yk nf edAmÁ ef ukd oGm;zdkYvrf;ESihf wjcm;pDomjzpfaMumif;? edAmÁ efuo kd mG ;jcif;&JU tEÅ&m,fudk jyKEidk af Mumif; owday;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f/ ]]'g½kaPm bdu©a0 vmbouúm& odavmaum? u#Kaum z½kaom tEÅ&m,d aum? tEkw&å ó a,m*au©ró t"d*rm,}} vdYk vmbouúm&oH,w k rf mS jrwfpmG bk&m;ubdu©a0- &[ef;wdkY? vmbouúm& odavmum- vmbfyal Zmfouúm&tausmaf pm onf? 'g½kaPm- cufrmMurf;wrf;aomoabm &S\ d ? u#Kaum- cg;pyfccH ufaomtusK;d quf &S\ d ? z½kaom- zrf;ukwq f o JG uJo h Ykd Murf;MuKwf &JvS\? tEkwå&ó- twkr&Sd jrwfvSaom? a,m*au©ró- a,m*av;yg;\uke&f m edAmÁ ef udk? t"d*rm,- &jcif;\? tEÅ&m,daumtEÅ&m,fudk jyKwwfygayownf;/ usrf;udk;- oH,kwf? rDV§uokwf ud w å d r om;(&mrnrG e f )
a&mh
tbx \ &SLvduk f
jzefcY sad &;
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trSw-f 15? vdiI jf rpfvrf;? ayguaf wm&yf? tif;pde?f &efuek /f
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DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/
armf<um;raeeJY
Do not boast!
Ä
*
oifum;? xifxm;
Ä
You were handsome
oihu f 0kd g;r,fh
There are so many microbe
bufwD;&D;,m;awG
Who watch your growth. They will fight your antibody
/
*
oihyf wf0ef;usirf mS
They wait till your death, When you are dead,
oihfcE¨mukd,fxJrSm
they may have.
ykd;rsKd;&Spfq,f[mav
If virus will enter
toifaor,fah eY
in your body,
aphwJhtcsdeftxd
They stick fast your cell, You may not be well.
/
You will get fever.
Akid ;f &yfpaf wG0ifvm
*
oihcf E¨mu qJvaf wGukd NzKcd s
If your antibody can't fight them,
wpfpp a&m*g&vdkYae
You will be
olwaYdk wGudk wku d v f eS rf csEidk &f if
dead farm.
toifao&Gmvm;&rSmygav/ Ä
When your resistance is weakly.
oihcf E¨muk, d af y:rSm
apmihfMunhfarQmfvkdYae/ Ä
You thought that
toGirf sm;wihv f yS gbdwhJ
tqifo h ihaf csmif;vdaYk e/
/
Don't boast
rSeu f adk &SUrSmxm;
infront of mirror,
armf<um;raeeJY
Please
w&m;eJYowd
take care and
tNrJ&Sdygap/
/
19
rif ; e&dE´ m
stay with Dhammar.
Min Naindar
- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON ANAPANA DIPANI
20
"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u
aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq
a&;om;jyKpka
tmemy - - -
THE ANAPAN OR THE MANUAL OF MINDF by ,cif t ywf r S t quf (13) 'kwd, pwkuúenf; ,cktcg tyÜempsmef-[kqt kd yfaom xyemtcef;ü usi&fh m aom 'kw, d pwkueú nf;udk jyqdak ytH/h (1) yxrcef;yDwyd #Ü o d aH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d yDwyd #Ü o d aH 0'D yóodómrDwd oduw © /d (2) 'kwd,cef;okcyÜ#o d aH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d okcyÜ#o d aH 0'D yóodómrDwd oduw © /d (3) wwd,cef;pdwo å cFg&H y#doaH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d © /d pdwo å cFg&H y#doaH 0'D yóodómrDwd oduw (4) pwk w ¬ c ef ; yórÇ,H pdwo å cFg&H tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d yórÇ,H pdwo å cFg&H yóodómrDwd oduw © /d ('kw, d pwkuú ygVdawmf) (1) yDwyd #Ü o d aH 0'D? pdwEf pS o f uf&iT v f ef;jcif;yDwu d kd xif&mS ;apí/ tóodómrd? xGuo f ufvw T af ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / yDwyd #Ü o d aH 0'D? pdwEf pS o f uf&iT v f ef;jcif;yDwu d kd xif&mS ;apí/ yóod ómrd? 0ifouf½aI ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / (2) okcyÜ#o d aH 0'D? pdw\ f csr;f at;jcif;okcudk xif&mS ;apí/ tóodómrd? xGuo f ufvw T af ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / okcyÜ#o d aH 0'D? pdw\ f csr;f at;jcif;okcudk xif&mS ;apí/ yóodómrd? 0ifouf½IaytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / (3) pdwo å cFg&H? a0'emç onm[laom pdwo å cFg&ud/k y#doH a0'D? xif&mS ;apí/ tóodómrd? xGuo f ufvw T af ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / pdwo å cFg&H? a0'emç onm[laom pdwo å cFg&ud/k y#doaH 0'D? xif&mS ;apí/ yóodómrd? 0ifouf½IaytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / (4) pdwo å cFg&H? ½ke&Yf if;aom pdwo å cFg&ud/k yórÇ,-H yórÇ ,aEÅm? tpOftwkid ;f csKyNf ird ;f apvsu/f tóodómrd? xGuo f ufvw T af y tHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/ pdwåocFg&H? ½kefY&if;aom
Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo XI The Second Tetrad I shall now show the second tetrad of the sutta which is to be attempted or practised in the fixing stage, the stage of the full absorption or jhana. The text states: 1. "Experiencing rapture, I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 2. "Experiencing happiness, I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 3. "Experiencing the mental functions, I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 4. "Allaying and calming down the mental functions, I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 1.Pitipatisamvedi assasissamiti sikkhati, pitipatisamvedi passasissamiti sikkhati. 2. Sukhapatisamvedi assasissamiti sikkhati, sukhapatisamvedi passasissamiti sikkhat. 3. Cittasankharam patisamvedi assasissamiti sikkhati, cittasankharam patisamvedi passasissamiti sikkhati, 4. Passambhayam cittasankharam assasissamiti sikkhati, passambhayam cittasankharam passasissamiti sikkhati. 1. What is meant by "experiencing rapture" (pitipatisamvedi) is putting forth effort, when the counterpart sign appears, until the first and second jhanas are attained, in whcih rapture (piti) predominates. 2. What is meant by "experiencing happiness" (sukhapatisamvedi) is putting forth effort until the third jhana is attained, in which happiness (sukha) predominates. 3. What is meant by "experiencing the mental functions" (cittasankharam patisamvedi) is putting forth effort until the fourth jhana is attained, in which the mental function (cittasankhara) of equanimous feeling (upekkha vedana) predominates. 4. What is meant by "allaying and calming down the mental functions" (passambhayam cittasankharam) putting forth effort to allay and calm down the coarse feelings (vedana) and perceptions (sañña) The Commentary associates this tetred with full absorp-
- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON A NAPANA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/
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Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. pdwo å cFg&ud/k yórÇ,-H yórÇ,aEÅm? tpOftwkid ;f csKyNf ird ;f apvsu/f yóodómrd? 0ifouf½IaytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / (¤if; 'kwd, pwkuúteuf) t"dymÜ ,fum;d eG u f aJ om ½lyg0p& 1/ yxrtcef;rSm- xdyk #dbm* edrw d t f m½Hük yDwv yxrpsmefç 'kw, d psmef jzpfaprIonf yDwu d kd xif&mS ;aprIrnf\/ 2/ 'kw, d tcef;rSm- xdyk #dbm* edrw d t f m½Hük okcvGeu f aJ om wwd, psmefukd jzpfaprIonf okcudk xif&mS ;aprIrnf\/ 3/ wwd,tcef;rSm- xdyk #dbm* edrw d t f m½Hük Oayu©ma0'em[laom pdwåocFg& xif&Sm;aom pwkw¬psmefudk jzpfaprIonf pdwåocFg&udk xif&Sm;aprIrnf\/ 4/ pwkw¬tcef;rSm- ½kefY&if;aom a0'emç onmwdkYudk tqihfqihf csKyNf ird ;f aptH[ h k tm;xkwrf o I nf pdwo å cFg&udk csKyNf ird ;f aprIrnf\/ þpwkuúudk t|uxmwdkYü tyÜempsmeft&müxm;í zGihfMu uke\ f / y#dbm*edrw d f ckid Nf rpJ mG &Ny;D aomtcgrSpí Oypm&psmeft&mü vnf; pdwfESpfNcdKufrIxif&Sm;atmif tm;xkwfrnf/ pdwf\ at;csrf;rI xif&mS ;atmif tm;xkwrf nf tp&Sad om tpDt&ifonf jzpfoih&f myg\/ 'kwd,pwkuúenf; NyD;\/
(14) wwd,pwkuúenf; ,cktcgü xdt k yÜempsmefwu Ykd kd 0ifpm;rIü usi&fh maom wwd, pwkuu ú kd xkwjf yaytH/h (1) yxrcef;pdwyå #Ü o d aH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d pdwyå #Ü o d aH 0'D yóodómrDwd oduw © /d (2) 'kwd,cef;tbdyaÜ rm',H pdwHå tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d tbdyaÜ rm',H pdwHå yóodómrDwd oduw © /d (3) wwd,cef;orm'[H pdwHå tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d orm'[H pdwHå yóodómrDwd oduw © /d (4) pwk w ¬ c ef ; 0darmp,H pdwHå tóodómrDwd oduw © ?d 0darmp,H pdwHå yóodómrDwd oduw © /d
tion in jhana, but the experience of rapture, joy, and calm is also associated with the access to jhana (upacara-jhana) attained after the first appearance of the counterpart sign. This ends the second tetrad. XII The Third Tetrad I shall now show the third tetrad of the sutta, which gives the practice when entering jhana or full absorption. 1. "Experiencing the mind (consciousness), I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 2. "Making the mind extremely delighted, I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 3. "Making the mind extremely concentrated, I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 4. "Freeing the mind (from the defilements, hindrances, etc.), I will exhale and inhale," thus he trains himself. 1. Cittapatisamvedi assasissamiti sikkhati, cittapatisameavedi passasissamiti sikkhati. 2. Abhippamodayam cittam assasissamiti sikkhati, abhippamodayam cittam passasissamiti sikkhati. 3. Samadaham cittam assasissamiti sikkhati, samadaham cittam passasissamiti sikkhati. 4. Vimocayam cittam assasissamiti sikkhati, vimocayam cittam passasissamiti ksikkhati. 1. "Perceiving the mind" (citta-patisamvedi) means entering the four jhanas repetedly in order to make the perception of the mind extremely clear. 2. "Making the mind extremely delighted" (abhippamodayam cittam) means that when the perception of the mind is extremely clear, one makes the mind extremely delighted by repeatedly entering the first and second jhanas (which are associated with rapture, piti). 3. "Making the mind extremely concentrated" (samadaham cittam) means that when the mind is extremely delighted, one makes the mind extremely concentrated by entering the third and fourth jhanas. 4. "Freeing the mind" (vimocayam cittam) means freeing the mind of obstacles by repeatedly entering the four jhanas.
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DHAMMA DEW
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uRerf wpfaeYaomeHeufcif; a&'D,dk (F.M) ukd zGiMfh unfv h u dk af omtcg ]]½kyu f v kd nf; jyif pdwfvnf;jyif jyKjyifwkdif;& jyifwkdif;vS okc edAmÁ efwikd v f rd rfh ,f}} qkw d hJ "r®EiS pfh yfaom oDcsi;f av;ukd Mum;&ygw,f/ oDcsi;f &JUpmom; av;[m uRefr OD;acgif;rSm tawG;rsm;pGm 0ifvmcJh&ygw,f/ vlwdkif; aeYpOftcsdef&orQ ½kyfvkdY ac:qk?d cE¨muk, d u f dk tvSjyifaeMuwm awGU& ygw,f/ qHzsm;rS ajczsm;xd? qHyifudk tvSjyif? rsufESmudk tvSjyif? cE¨mukd,fudk tvSjyif? ajconf;vufonfrsm;ygrusef tvSjyifum rSefukd xyfcgxyfcgMunhfaewwfMuygw,f/ tvSjyifaeol[m ]]ihgudv k nf;Munhyf gOD;? vS&UJ vm;? b,fvdkaevJ}} vdkY ar;wwfMuygw,f/ tar;cH&olu vSw,fvkdYajymrS oabmus ygw,f/ ½k y f u d k t vS j yif a eMuayr,h f ol igwdkif; pdwfudk tvSjyifzdkY arhaewwfMu ygw,f/ ½kyfukd tvSjyifjcif;[m wpfcP om vSayr,hf xm0&rvSEkdifyg/ pdwfudk tvSjyifEkdif&if xm0&b0awG at;jrMu ayvd r f h r ,f / pd w f u d k t vS j yif w muawmh bk&m;*kPfyGm;? owå0grsm;tay: arwåmyGm;?
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TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/
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omoemawmfBuD; \ a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f (omoem jyKvkyfief;tydkif;) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) omoemh t arG c H o H k ; rsKd ; omoemawmftwGi;f csi;f eif;vsuu f omoemhtarGc, H o l rl sm;üvnf; oH;k rsK;d yif uGjJ ym;aeacs\/ ¤if;wdrYk mS 1/ tmrdo'g,m' ypön;f tarGuo kd m cH,o l u l wpfrsK;d ? 2/ "r®'g,m' w&m;tarGuo kd m cH,o l u l wpfrsK;d 3/ tmrdo"r®'g,m' ypön;f a&m w&m;yg cH,o l u l wpfrsK;d [líyif/ xdkwGif.... rdrv d nf;usifh trsm;udv k nf;usiafh paom acgif;aqmifaumif; rsm;\ omoemjyKvyk if ef;rsm;üom omoemhtarGcaH umif;rsm; &Sw d wf vSpGm\/ xdktarGcHaumif;rsm;onf w&m;tarGuo kd m 0dik ;f tHak ygif;pHk vufqufc, H rl u I kd jyKpMk u Ny;D vQif o'¨gajrz0g;vrf; ynmajcqefw Y ef;vsuu f ajzmihrf wfpmG a&SUc&D; tNy;D qufMu&m omoemawmf\ toa&awmfukd pdjk ynfyiG o hf pfap\/ bk&m;&Si\ f tay: rysuaf omt,Hjk zihf yH\ k / bk&m;&Si\ f pum;awmftay: rysuaf omt,Hjk zihf yH\ k / ig\ þtouf þcE¨monf omoemtwGufjzpfaptHh[l aom &Jwif;aom qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd ydik Ef idk pf mG cs\/ þodaYk om omoemrsK;d onfom tyifvnf; yd;k rxd;k t&Guf vnf; rn§Kd ;aom omoemrsK;d wnf;/ wpfzef acgif;aqmifum; nH?h aemufvu kd v f nf; roefaY om omoemjyKvyk if ef;rsK;d ü.... (u)/ wPSma*g[ a0ae,swt Ykd m; wPSmjzihf zrf;pm;jcif;? (c)/ rme*g[ a0ae,swt Ykd m; rmejzihf zrf;pm;jcif;? (*)/ 'd|*d g[ a0ae,swt Ykd m; 'd|jd zihf zrf;pm;jcif;? xdk yyÍöo;kH cif; tvsO;f ruif;wwfMu&um; tmrdo'g,m' ac: ypön;f vmbfoyÜum ta`ct G &Hponf jyifyrQuo kd m cH,w l wfvS pGm\/ odaYk Mumih.f ...rdrv d nf;rusifh trsm;wdu Yk v kd nf; w&m;usi&fh ef rwdu k w f eG ;f omoem0ifav;rsKd ;wdw Yk iG f trSw(f 4) vrf;pOftwdik ;f wnf;/ xdo k aYkd om omoemjyKvyk if ef;rsm;ü
omoemawmfonf wd;k íum; vmrnfr[kwNf y/D ndK§ ;íqd;k í vmacs&m\/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf q&m'umtcsi;f csi;f cifrifrjI zihf zrf;xm;aom tvkyf rMum rDyyk w f wfaomaMumihw f nf;/ q&mwumtcsif;csif; txifBuD;aprIjzihf zrf;xm;aom tvkyf rMumrD o½kyaf y:wwfaomaMumihw f nf;/ q&m'umtcsif;csif; igydkifigpGJwdkYjzihf odrf;ydkufxm;aom txkyf rMumrD ajyavsmu h somG ;wwfaomaMumihw f nf;/ xdo k moemjyKrsK;d wdYk pka0;&m ae&monf a&S;a&S;wdYk ud, k Ef iS t fh ouf riJu h u G b f J vufqufvuf,u S f wdjYk zihf o,f,v l mcJah om omoemudk vufvufcsi;f urf; 0if,x l rf; &ef rBuKd ;yrf;bJ aemufrv S u kd v f suf ajcjzihef if;zsuo f nfyh rm t½kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefap&m\/ þae&m0,f omoemjyKvyk if ef;[lí omrefqkd xm;ojzihf vltrsm;a&m &Sif&[ef;rsm;yg yg0ifywfoufaeygonfudk txl;owdjyKygav/ xdo k moemjyKvyk if ef;rsK;d onfvnf; vlo;kH yg;wdYk tm;xm;rScD &kd m tppfrjzpfawmhNy/D t,Hrk í d yHrk d avol a&vdkufrSm; ig;yrm udk,fusKd;enf;zdkYom &Sdacsonf/ tjyKESihf tjyKcH evefxEl idk &f ef vrf;pwnf; rjrifawmhygNy/D odaYk Mumihf omoemjyKvkyfief;BuD;rsm;odkY 0ifa&mufxrf;aqmifvkdMuyg ukeaf om olawmfaumif;tpm;pm;wdo Yk nf u/ vl? ewfvl? jA[®mvl[lonf vloHk;yg;wdkY tm;xm;&ef tppfjzpfap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? c/ aumif;aom acgif;aqmifwdkY\ aemufvdkufrsm;tjzpf armfueG ;f wGif &pfMuap&eftwGuv f nfa;umif;? ,kwn f phH w d jf zihf tmrdotarGrQukd rcH,Ml uygukev f ih/f jrifjh rwfpw d jf zihf trdo-"r®EpS Xf me tarGc, H Ml uygavuke/f rdrv d nf; oDvwnf odum© tqifh opömyGirfh sm; yGiafh pMuygav uke/f olwpfyg;wdkYtm;vnf; oDvwnf odu©mxyf opömav;&yf uyfcsOafh y;Muygavuke/f (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
DHAMMA TALKS
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Y J oif w e Y k d wf awGu vlw&Ykd UJ ]]w&m;rSef}} Munhfjzpfatmif BuKd;pm;MuygpdkY/ w&m;uko d m rSerf eS ½f MI unhaf eygw,f/ f v kd nf; jyif? pdwu f v kd nf; jyifMu q&mawmfBuD;u ig pdwfukd tvS teHY ,lZemwpf&muawmif eHw,fqkd ihgem; uRerf wd½Yk yk u Yf t hJ cg odMum;rif;u ]]q&m r,fq&dk if jyifwidk ;f vSNy;D b0awG at;jrMu&rSm rjyifEidk af o;í cE¨muk, d Bf u;D ukd ajcvufaq; ruyfe}YJ } [k rdew awmf & U J ES p a f ygif ; (30) ½kyu f kd tvSrjyifEidk v f Ydk jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ½kyu f v kd nf;jyif pdwu f kd jcif;wdkYjzihf tvSrjyifawmhyg[k qkH;jzwfum ]]w&m;rSe}f } ESifh cE¨m&Sd jzpfysuaf erIudk ÓPford *f eHwJhteHY[m 'Dem;rSmygbk&m;/ q&mawmf&JU vnf;jyifMuygpdkYvkdY uRefr wdkufwGef;vkduf& f kd tvSjyifcw hJ hJ oDvorm"d ygw,f/ pmukd; oD[kdVfr[m0if0w¦K jzpfaeap&ef jrifatmifMunhf odatmifusifh ESpaf ygif;(30)pdwu oGJUoGJUat; aeygowJh/ ½kyfukdtvSrjyifbJ pdwfudkom ynm&eYH[m wynfhawmfwdkY wm0wd Homukd pmrsufESm 21 rStquf The Commentery associates this tetrad too with jahnic abosrption, though it contains practices associated with the ac(wwd, pwkuú ygVdawmf) (1) pdwåy#Ü o d aH 0'D? pdwu f kd xif&mS ;apí/ tóodómrd? cess to jhana as well. This ends the third tetrad. xGuo f ufvw T af ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / pdwyå #Ü o d aH 0'D? (To Be Continue) pdwfudk xif&Sm;apí/ yóodómrd? 0ifouf½IaytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / 1/ yxrtcef;rSm- pdwf\txl;xif&Sm;jcif;udkjzpfapjcif;iSm? xdktm½Hkü (2) pdw?Hå pdwu f /kd tbdyaÜ rm',H? tvGef&iT v f ef;apvsu/f psmefav;yg;udk tzefzef0ifpm;rIonf ]]pdwyå #Ü o d aH 0'D}} rnf\/ tóodómrd? xGuo f ufvw T af ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / 2/ 'kw, d tcef;rSm- pdwftxl;xif&Sm;NyD;aemuf pdwfudktxl;&Tifvef; pdw?Hå pdwu f /kd tbdyaÜ rm',H? tvGef&iT v f ef;apvsu/f yóod ómrd? apjcif;ç yDwEd iS , fh OS af om yxrpsmefç 'kw, d psmefukd 0ifpm;rIonf ]]tbdyÜ 0ifouf½aI ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / arm',H pdw}Hå rnf\/ (3) pdwåH? pdwu f /kd orm'[H? aumif;pGmwnfMunfapvsu/f 3/ wwd,tcef;rSm- pdwftxl;&Tifvef;NyD;aemuf txl;wnfMunfap tóodómrd? xGuo f ufvw T af ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / jcif;iSm wwd,psmefç pwkwp¬ smefu0kd ifpmr;Ionf ]]orm'[H pdw}Hå } rnf\/ pdwåH? pdwu f /kd orm'[H? aumif;pGmwnfMunfapvsu/f yóodómrd? 4/ pwkwt ¬ cef;rSm- pdwu f kd y#dyu©w&m;wdrYk S txl;vGwu f if;apjcif; 0ifouf½aI ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / iSm psmefav;yg;udk tzefzef0ifpm;rIonf ]]0darmp,H pdw}Hå } rnf\/ (4) pdwåH? pdwu f /kd 0darmp,H? eD0&P paom ½kefY&if;aom þpwkuúudkvnf; t|uxmwdkYü tyÜempsmefwdkYudk 0ifpm;rI w&m;wdrYk S uRwv f w G af pvsu/f tóodómrd? xGuo f uf vTwaf ytH/h rSmxm;í zGiMfh uuke\ f / Oypm&psmefvnf; &oih&f myg\/ £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / pdwåH? pdwu f /kd 0darmp,H? eD0&P wwd,pwkuúenf; NyD;\/ paom ½kefY&if;aomw&m;wdkYrS uRwfvGwfapvsuf/yóodómrd? (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) 0ifouf½aI ytH/h £wd? þod/Yk oduw © ?d tm;xkw\ f / (¤if; wwd, pwkuúteuf)
COVER SPECIAL FEATURES ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/ rsufESmzkH;rS
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From the Infront cover
pd w f r wnf N id r f a om &[ef ; (pd w å [ w¬ r ax&f )
The Fickle - minded monk (Citta Hatta)
te0|dw pdwó å tp&Sad om "r®y'ygVdawmf *gxmtrSwf 38-39? þ"r®a'oemawmfukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio f nf om0wdj¬ ynf aZw 0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oH;k aeawmfrpl Of pdw[ å w¬rax&fukd taMumif; jyKí a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ om0wdj¬ ynfwiG f aeavh&adS om trsK;d aumif;om;wpfa,muf onf aysmufavNy;D aom EGm;wdu Yk kd &SmrS;D vsuf awmod0Yk ifonf&adS omf rGe;f wnfah om tcgüEGm;wdu Yk akd wGUjrifí EGm;taygif;wdu Yk kd vTwx f m;cJNh y;D vQif pifppfrcRw?f t&Siaf umif;wd\ Yk txHü tpmtm[m&udk &vwåUH [k qmavmifrw G o f yd jf cif;jzihf ESyd pf uftyfonfjzpfí ausmif;odYk 0ifomG ; NyD;vQif &[ef;wdkY\ txHodkYoGm;í &Sdcdk;NyD; oihfwifhavsmufywfaom t&yfü xdik af e\/ xdt k cg &[ef;wdYk pm;í ydv k eG <f uif;useaf ompm;<uif; xrif;onf pm;<uif;xnhaf omcGuüf &Sad y\/ &[ef;wdo Yk nf qmavmifrw G o f yd jf cif;jzihf ESyd pf ufjyif;xefpmG a&mufvmaom xd'k g,umudjk rifí þt&yfrS xrif;,lí pm;avmh[k qdkukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm;&Sdawmfrlaom xdktcgwGif um; rsm;pGmukefaom prJ[if;vsm xrif;wdkYonf rsm;pGmjzpfay\/ EGm;ausmif;a,musfm;c&D;oGm;onf? xdkpm;<uif;pm;cGufrS rQavmuf½Hk Yk , kd Nl y;D pm;aomufí a&udak omufNy;D vQif vufwYkd aom xrif;[if;wdu udk aq;aMumokwo f ifNy;D aomf &[ef;wdu Yk kd &Scd ;kd í ]]t&Sib f &k m;wdYk t&Sif jrwfwo Ykd nf ,aeYyifzh w d &f mt&yfoYkd <uMuygukeo f avm}} [k ar;avQmuf \/ &[ef;wdu Yk ]'g,um? igwdu Yk m; yifzh w d t f yfaom t&yfonf r&S/d þodaYk omtrSwjf zihf tNrrJ jywf &uke\ f } [k rdeMYf um;Muav\/ xdktcg xdka,musfm;onf þodkYqifjcifav\/ ]igwdkYonf 0D&d,udk jzpfapNy;D aeYnOfyh wfv;kH tNrrJ jywf trIupd w ö u Ykd kd jyKvyk yf gukeaf omf vnf; þodo Yk abm&Sad om prJ[if;vsmxrif;wdu Yk kd r&Muavuke/f þ&[ef; wdo Yk nfum; tNrrJ jywf oH;k aqmif&ayukeo f wwf/ igYtm; vl\ tjzpf ESifh tb,ftusK;d &St d ehH nf;? &[ef;jzpfawmht}hH [kBuí H &[ef;wd\ Yk txH odYk csO;f uyfNy;D vQif &[ef;tjzpfukd awmif;yefav\/ xdt k cg EGm;ausmif;om; a,musmf ; c&D;oGm; 'g,umudk &[ef; wdo Yk nf &[ef;jyKapMuuke\ f / xdak ,musmf ;onf &tyfNy;D aom &[ef; yÍÆi;f tjzpf&o dS nfjzpfí cyford ;f aom tjym;&Sad om 0wfBu;D 0wfi,fwYkd udk jyKav\/ xdk&[ef;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfü jzpfay:yGm;rsm; aom vmbfylaZmfouúm&pm;aomuf&onfjzpfí ESpf&ufoHk;&ufjzihf omvQif xlxJ0NzKdk;aom udk,f&Sdonfjzpfav\/ xdkaemufrS tBuHjzpf onfrmS ]]igYtm; qGr;f tvdiYk mS vSnv fh nfí touf&n S o f jzihf tb,f tusK;d &Sw d t kH ehH nf;/ vljzpfawmht}hH } [kBuí H xd&k [ef;onf vlxu G u f m tdro f Ykd jyefav\/ tdrüf trIBu;D trIi,fwu Ykd kd vkyu f ikd &f aom xdak ,musmf ;tm; ESp&f ufo;kH &ufjziho f m ud, k t f qif;oP²mefonf ndK§ ;EGr;f av\/ xdaYk emuf ]igYtm; þodaYk om qif;&JNiKd jiifyifyef;jcif;jzihf tb,foYkd tusK;d &St d ehH nf;? &[ef;jzpfawmhtHh} [kBuHNyD; wzef &[ef;jyKav\/ xdk&[ef;onf ES p f & uf o H k ; &uf u d k vG e f a jrmuf a pí wpf z ef vl x G u f j yef a v \/
While residing at the Jetavana monastery, the Buddha uttered Verse (38) and (39) of the Suttanta Pitaka, Khuddaka Nikaya, DHAMMAPADA, (The Highly Treasured book), Chapter III, The mind (Cittavagga), Cittahatthatthera Vatthu, with reference to Thera Cittahattha. A man from Savatthi, after looking for his lost ox in the forest, felt very hungry and went to a village monastery, where he was given some food to eat. While taking his food, it occurred to him that even though he worked hard every day, he could not get such good food and that it might be a good idea to become a monk. So he asked the bhikkhus to admit him into the Order. At the monastery, he performed the duties of a bhikkhu and as there was plenty of food he soon gained weight. After some time, he got weary of going round for almsfood and returned to the life of a layman. A few days later, he felt that life at home was too strenuous and he went back to the monastery to be admitted as a bhikkhu for a second time. For a second time, he left the Order and returned to home-life. Again, he went back to the monastery for a third time and left it. This shutting process went on for six times, and because he acted only according to his whims, he was known as Citta Hatta, while he was going back and forth between his home and the monastery, his wife became pregant. He was actually not ready for renunciation but he joined the Order for his convenience. As a result he was not happy either as a monk or as a layman. One day, during his last stay at home, he happened to enter the bedroom, while his wife was asleep. She was fast asleep snoring loudly and saliva was trickling down her mouth. Seeing her with her mouth open, he realised the unpleasant nature of the body, and he reflected, 'I have been a bhikkhu for several time but I have not been able to remain in the robe because of my attraction for this woman.' Hence, taking the yellow robe with him he left his home for the monastery for the seventh time. As he went along he repeated the words "impermanence" and "unsatisfactoriness" and thus attained the first stage of sainthood on the way the monastery. On arrival at the monastery, he requested the bhikkhus to admit him into the Order. They refused and soid. "We cannot admit you anymore. You have been shaving your head so often that your head is like a whetting stone." Since he persisted with his request, the bhikkhus releanted, and he was readmitted into the Order. Wittin a few days, Citta Hattha attained Arahanthood. Other bhikkhus, seeing him staying on for along time in the monastery, were surprised and they asked him the reason. He replied, "I went home when I still had attanchment in me, but now the attachment has been cut off." The bhikkhus reported the matter to the Buddha who replied.
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umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/
xdkrSESpf&ufoHk;&ufaeí &[ef;0wfjyef\/ þodkYaom tjcif;t&m tm;jzihf ajcmufBurd w f ikd w f ikd f &[ef;jyKí vlxu G af v\/ &[ef;wdo Yk nf xd&k [ef;Bu;D tm; þolonf pdwu f kd tvdv k u kd f onfjzpfí vSnhfvnfavonf[k? pdwå[w¬rax&f[laom trnfudk ay;Muuke\ f / xd&k [ef;onf vlxu G af cs? &[ef;jyKacsjzihf vJv, S v f n S fh vnfpOfyifvQif r,m;tm; udk,f0efwnfav\/ xdk&[ef;onf ckepf Burd af jrmufaom tvSnüfh awmrSv,fxeG Nf y;D í xGew f ;kH paom v,fvyk f ypönf;wdkYudk,lí tdrfodkYvmcJhNyD;aomf rdrd\ ouFef;udk ,ltHhaomiSm wdkufcef;odkY0if\/ xdck Pü tdr&f iS jf zpfaom r,m;onf avsmif;vsuf tdyaf ysmf aeav\/ xdo k Ykd tdyaf ysmaf eaom r,m;\ ud, k 0f wfonf uif;vGwf uRwx f u G í f ae\/ yg;pyfrS t&dt&Gw J o Ykd nf ,dpk ;D xGuu f sae\/ ESmacgif; rSvnf; ½Iw½f w I rf nf\/ cHwiG ;f onf [if;vif;yGiafh eav\/ xdktcg trsKd;aumif;om;a,musfm;onf xdkr,m;ü zl;zl; a,mifaom ]olaumif;yky}f uJo h x Ykd if\/ xdak ,musmf ;onf þ0w¬Konf um; tedp?ö 'kuo © nfjzpfacsonfwum;[laom onmud&k í ]igonf þrQavmuftwdik ;f t&Sn&f adS om umvywfv;kH &[ef;jyKNy;D þrde;f rudk rSí D &[ef;\tjzpfüwnfwjhH cif;iSmrpGr;f Ekid yf &J adS vonf} [kqrkd nfum ouFe;f udu k ikd , f í l &ifüzGUJ Ny;D vQif tdrrf x S u G í f oGm;av\/ xdo k x Ykd u G o f mG ;onfukd a,mu®rjzpfou l jrifav\/ tb,f aMumihfxGufoGm;onfudk pl;prf;vdkí orD;\aetdrfodkY0ifíMunhfonf &Sad omf tdyaf ysmaf eaom orD;jzpfou l jkd rifav\/ om;rufonf þodYk jzpfaomtjcif;t&mudjk rifí ESv;kH roufomonfjzpfNy;D xGuo f mG ;jcif; jzpfonfuo kd í d orD;udk ykwcf wfE;Id í eif\cifyeG ;f vifonf nD;tdyaf ysmf aeyHu k Mkd unhNf y;D ESv;kH rom,monfjzpfí xGuo f mG ;avNy?D ,cktcdserf S pí nD;ESiafh ygif;oif;qufqjH cif;&Sad wmhrnfr[kw[ f ak jymqdak v\/ xdo k rD;uvnf; rdcifNird Nf ird o f maeavmh? xdo k \ l oGm;jcif;onf ESp&f ufo;kH &ufMumvQif wzefjyefvmvdrrfh nf[k qd\ k / pdw[ å w¬trnf &aom xdv k x l u G af ,musmf ;onf tedp?ö 'ku[ © k EIwu f &Gwq f í kd vGepf mG pufqyk Nf i;D aiGUpGm oGm;aepOfwiG yf if aomwmywdzå v kd o f aYkd &mufav\/ xdak ,musmf ;onf ausmif;odo Yk mG ;a&mufí &[ef;wku Yd kd ½dak o jrwfEdk;&Sdcdk;NyD;vQif &[ef;tjzpfodkY jyKay;&ef awmif;yef\/ igwdkYonf toihfudk&[ef;jyKay;jcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifMuukef/ toihftm; &[ef;\ tjzpfonf tb,frSm&SdygtHhenf;/ toif\ OD;acgif;rsufESmwdkYonf "m;wdjYk zihf yGwaf oG;tyfonfjzpfí ajymifajymifawmufaom ausmufEiS fh wlonfjzpfí t&Sufr&SdvSacswum;[kqdkMuavukef\/ ]]t&Sib f &k m;wdYk ,cktcg wynhaf wmfwu Ykd kd wpfBurd o f m vQif &[ef ; jyKawmf r l M uyguk e f a vmh } } [k avQmuf M um;awmif ; yef \ / &[ef;wdkYuvnf; xdka,musfm;\ aus;Zl;taxmuftyHhrsm;vSaom tpGr;f jzihf &[ef;jyKay;Muuke\ f / xd&k [ef;onf ESp&f ufo;kH &ufcsi;f jzihf omvQif y#dord'Ç gwdEYk iS w fh uG t&[wåzv kd o f q Ykd u kd af &mufav\/ &[ef;
"Citta Hattha's mind was not steadfast at that time and he did not understand the Dhamma, But now he is already an Arahant. He has discarded all his attachment." Then the Buddha spoken in verse as follows: 38. He whose mind is not steadfast, he who knows not the true doctrine, he whose confidence waverse- the wisdom of such a one will never be perfect. 39. He whose mind is not soaked (by lust), he who is not affected (by hatred), he who has transcended both good and evil- for such a vigilant one there is no fear. At the end of the discourse many attained Sotapatti Fruition. Nyain Chan Oo.
wdo Yk nfvnf; xdrk ax&fukd avQmufqMkd uuke\ f / ]]igY&iS f pdw[ å w¬ toif oGm;tHhaom tcsdeftcgudk toifomvQif odavavmh/ þtvSnhf tBurd t f cgü toiht f m; Mumjrifv h aS yonfwum;}} [k ajymqdMk uuke\ f / ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY xdktcgu udk,fvufESD;aESma&m,Sufjcif;&Sd aom umvüoGm;cJo h nfjzpfyg\/ ,cktcg wynhaf wmfonf ud, k v f uf ESD;aESma&m,Sufjcif;udk jzwfcJhygNyDbk&m;/ ,cktcgrlum; roGm;jcif; oabm &So d nfjzpfyg\}} [kavQmufMum;\/ f xHawmfoYkd oGm;Mu xdt k cg &[ef;wdo Yk nf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sit í xdk&[ef;ESihf ywfoufNyD; avQmufxm;Muav\/ ]]þ&[ef;onf wynhfawmfwdkY þodkYqdkukefonf&Sdaomf þtrnf&Sdaom pum;udk qdyk gonf/ t&[wåzv kd u f akd jzqdyk gonf/ r[kwrf rSeo f nfukd qdyk gonf/ }} [kavQmufMuav\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;onf &[ef;wdaYk vQmufwifaom pum;udMk um;Ny;D aomf þodYk rdeq Yf akd wmfral v\/ ]]cspo f m; &[ef;wdYk oifwq Ykd w kd ikd ;f rSeaf y\/ ig\om;awmfonf rdrd\ pdwfwpfpHkwpfckwnf;aomt&mXmeü wnf&yfjcif;r&Sdao;aom tcg olawmfaumif;w&m;udk rodao;aom umvtm;jzihf þumv wdkYüom tdrfESihfausmif;udk ranmif;rnm vl;vmwHkYacguf jyefvnf avQmufjcif;udk jyKay\/ þ,cktcgü xdt k rsK;d aumif;om;tm; ukov kd f kd rf aumif;rIuv kd nf;aumif;? y,ftyf aumif;rIuv kd nf;aumif;? tukov avNy}D } [kred q Yf akd wmfrNl y;D al emuf þ*gxmudk a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ 38/ tcd k u f t wef Y ü wnf a om pd w f & S d a om? ol a wmf aumif ; w&m;ud k r od j rif a om? azmuf j yef y suf p D ; vG , f a om o'¨gw&m;&Sdxaom yk*¾dKvftm; avmuDavmukwå&mÓPf ynm onf rjynhf/ 39/ udavomrdk; rpdkaom pdwf&Sdxaom rzsufqD;tyf aom pdw&f x dS aom ukov dk ?f tukov dk u f ykd ,fNyD;xaom Ed;k Mum; oltm; ab;onfr&Sd/ þa'oemawmfonf rsm;pGmaom vltaygif;wdt Yk m; w&m; xl;tusKd;&Sdonfjzpfav\/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/
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wefz;dk &Sad omvl okw(a&ToHvGif)
wefz;dk [lonf tok;H 0if? tusK;d &Sjd cif; ESifh &Sm;yg;jcif;wdt Yk ay:wGif wnfraDS eayonf/ avmuü t&m0w¦Kwo Ydk nf tok;H 0ifí tusK;d &S d y gaomf v nf ; ae&mwumwG i f awG U &S d & ? vG,u f pl mG aygrsm;aeygu wefz;dk odyrf &S?d wefz;kd rxm;wwfay/ cufcufccJ EJ iS fh BuKaH wmihBf uKcH J &Sm;yg;aom t&m0w¦Kjzpfygaomfvnf; tok;H r0if tusK;d r&Syd gu rnfow l pfO;D wpfa,muf urQ jrwfjrwfE;dk Ek;d ESifh wefz;kd xm;Murnf r[kwf ay/ obm0ywf0ef;usifwGif vlom;wdkY twGuf tokH;0iftusKd;&Sdaom pm;yifoD;yif wdo Yk nf cufcyJ ifyef;pGmESifh BuK;d pm;pdu k yf sK;d ygrS atmifjrifjzpfxeG ;f vm&onf/ tvdk tavsmuf ay:aygufvmaom tok;H 0ifí tusK;d &Sad om tyif w d k Y r S m um; tvG e f Y t vG e f &S m ;yg; enf;yg;vSayonf/ jrifv, G f xifv, G f odem;vnfv, G f atmif EIe;f ,SOMf unhrf nfqydk gu vlyY wf0ef;usif wGif rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ jyKpkjcif;? ysK;d axmifjcif;r&Syd gbJ olt Y vkt d avsmuf tavh us aygufa&mufvmaom jrufyif? NcKyH if? ql;yif ESihf tokH;r0if tusKd;r&Sdonhftyifrsm;u vl o m;wd k Y t wG u f pm;0wf a exk d i f a &;wG i f tok;H 0if tusK;d &Sí d jyKpyk sK;d axmifxm;&aom tyifrsm;xufpmvQif rEIid ;f ,SOaf vmufatmif tqaygif;rsm;pGm ykrd rdk sm;jym;vsu&f adS e ayonf/ þum; tok;H 0if tusK;d &Sí d &Sm;yg;
jcif ; oabmaMumif h wef z k d ; jrih f r m;&jcif ; taMumif ; wpf p d w f w pf a 'oyif j zpf o nf / avmuü obm0"r®jzpfpOft& wefz;kd &Sad om t&mrsm;u &Sm;yg;í wefzdk;nHhzsif; tESpf tom;uif;aom t&mrsm;uom aygrsm;vkdY aeonf/ vlb Y 0jzpfpOfüvnf; rdbaumif;ESifh om;orD ; aumif ; ? q&maumif ; ES i h f wynh f aumif;? acgif;aqmifaumif;ESihf aemufvkduf aumif;wdkYonf rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmf raumif;rI aysmfolrsm;ESihf EIdif;,SOfwGufMunhfvkdufygu ta&twGuf rsm;pGm uGm[aeonfudk awGUjrif &ygrnf/ xkdYxufydkí trsm;tusKd;udk pdwfyg 0ifpm;pGm OD;pm;ay;aqmif&u G o f ?l rdrt d usK;d ukd a&SUwef;rwiforl mS omí ydí k jrifEidk ?f awGUEkid f cJayonf/ trsm;tm;jzihf ]]bk&m;zl;&if; vdyOf wl;onf r[kwfbJ vdyfOwl;zkdY bk&m;zl;xGuf [efjyMuonf}} u rsm;aeovm;[k awG;p&m yif&ydS gonf/ aqmif y k ' f w G i f ]]trsm;tusKd ; aqmif ukd,fhtusKd;atmif}} [k qkdygonf/ vuf a wG U ü ]]ukd,hftusKd;atmifzdkY trsm; tusKd;aqmifrvdkY}} qkdaompdwfxm;rsKd;ESihf ta&SUtaemuf tpOfrrSm;zd&Yk efvnf; ta&;Bu;D ygonf/ "r®pmaywGif ]]vl}} [laom o½kyu f kd azmfxw k &f mü ]]ukovm ukoav "ar® rewd
Zm emwDwd rEkaóm}} ukov kd ?f tukov dk w f u Ykd dk cGjJ cm;odwwfaomaMumifh vl/ u&Pm u&PH rewd ZmemwDwd rEkaóm}} taMumif;[kwf onf r[k w f o nf u k d od w wf a omaMumif h vlrnf\}} [lí azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xkdYaMumihf vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif;rS vlom;wdik ;f onf rSm;rSeaf umif;qk;d taMumif; tusK;d ukd uGu J jJG ym;jym; cGjJ cm;odjrifum ypöKyeÜ ?f tem*wf umvESpyf g;vk;H ukd at;csr;f om,m vSyatmif tpGr;f ukef BuK;d pm;MuzkYd vdyk gonf/ vlom;avmu vlb Y 0ukd tvSqifvdk olonf tpdr;f tusuf oabmxm;ESprf sK;d rxm; wpfom;wnf;xm;um tm;vk;H tay:odYk ud, k f usef;rmap? pdwfcsrf;omapcsifaom arwåm pdwfudk OD;pD;a&SUaqmifjyKí tompHvkdrIukd yGJrxkwf? trsm;twGuf tepfemcH&rIudkyif tywfwukwf usiafh qmif&if; tm;vk;H tay:ü tMuifemoem; iJhn§mrIw&m;rsm; wzGm;zGm; &Sio f ef jzpfay:ae&ygrnf/ þae&mwG i f od o mxif & S m ;aom w&m;wpfyk'fukd a&G;xkwfjy&vQif ]]owåu edygwf? r[muydZmwf}} wGif tavmif;awmf arsmufrif;onf arsmuf&pS af omif; tNct H &HEiS fh [dr0EÅmteD; **FgjrpfBuD;\ jrpfurf;eab;&Sd o&ufyifBuD;wpfyifukd trSDjyKí aeMu\/ xk d o &uf y if B uD ; \ toD ; rsm;onf vG e f p G m t&om&SdaomaMumifh wpfaeYwGif tavmif; awmfarsmufrif;onf **FgjrpfbufoYkd ukid ;f us aeaom tukid ;f rSo&ufo;D rsm;ukMd unhNf y;D ]]'DtoD;awGa<uusvdkY a&xJarsmyg oGm;&if vlawGodNyD; wdkYtwGuf tEÅ&m,f jzpfvmEkid w f ,f}} [k pOf;pm;rdum arsmufrsm; ukd jrpfbuftukid ;f rS toD;rsm;ukd wpfv;Hk rusef cl;,lpm;ckdif;vdkuf\/ odaYk omf cgcsOt f t Hk wGi;f rS o&ufo;D wpfv;Hk ukd arsmufrsm;rawGUjrifMubJ use&f pfchJ avonf/ xkdtoD;onf rSnhfNyD; a<uusum a&xJarsmygoGm;\/ jrpfatmufyidk ;f ü jrpfv,f ukd yku d rf sm;wm;í armif;rta`ct G &Hrsm;pGmESifh Am&mPoDrif;onf a&upm;aecsdefjzpfonf/ a<uusvmaom o&uf o D ; onf a&pkaH rsmNy;D rif;Bu;D a&upm;aeaom yku d u f eG f wGif Niw d , G af eonfudk rif;csi;f a,musmf ;rsm; jrifí q,f,u l m rif;Bu;D tm; qufoav\/
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
xl;uJvaS om t&omukd rBuKpH zl; cHpm;vdu k f &ojzihf xyfrHpm;csifpdwfukd rxdef;csKyfEkdif awmhbJ awmvkdufrkqkd;rsm;udk vrf;jyckdif;NyD; ppfonf&Jrufrsm;ESihf o&ufoD;t&SmxGufcJh onf/ **Fgjrpftwdik ;f qefwufvm&m toD; tyGirfh sm;ESifh a0qmNy;D teH?Y t&omxl;uJaom o&ufyifBu;D udk awGU&Su d m rif;Bu;D ESifh ppfonf &JrufwYkd pdwBf uKu d cf ;l pm;MuNy;D armarmyef;yef; ESihf o&ufyifywfvnfwGif uif;tapmihfcsí ntdyfMuawmhonf/ arsmuf t aygif ; onf wpf a eY v k H ; pm;aeusukd rpm;&bJ atmihftnf;ae&í nzuf v l t rsm; td y f c sd e f w G i f wd w f w qd w f o&ufyifay:wufNyD; cl;,lpm;aomufMu\/ xkt d cg rif;Bu;D ESifh tapmihpf pfonfrsm; Ek;d í arsmufrsm;udjk rifvQif a'goxGuí f av;jrm;wdYk jzihf ypf&efcsed &f , G x f m;Muonf/ arsmuftaygif; rSm aMumufvefYpkd;&drfvsuf tavmif;awmf arsmufrif;tm; tusKd;taMumif;ajymMu\/ tavmif ; awmf o nf arsmuf t aygif ; tm; raMumuf&efEiS fh rpk;d &dr&f ef tm;ay;pum;ajym Ny;D **Fgjrpfwpfzufurf;odYk tm;pku d u f m ckeu f ;l oGm;\/ wpfbufurf;wGif EG,fBuKd;rsm;ukd uku d jf zwfí wpfpESiw fh pfp qufum o&ufyif BuD;qDodkY rDavmufNyDxifaomtcg wpfpukd tyifwpfyifwGif csnfNyD; usefwpfpukd ol\cg; wGicf sní f o&ufyif&&dS m jyefcek u f ;l vku d o f nf/ EG,Bf uK;d rSm tenf;i,fwv dk suf o&ufyifay:odYk ra&mufbJ tukid ;f udo k m vufEiS v fh rS ;f qGx J m; rdNy;D arsmuftaygif;tm; olaY usmay:rSeif;í wpfbufurf;odkY vGwfajrmufatmif ul;ap onf/ arsmufrsm;onf arsmufrif;ukd ½kad o pGm *g&0jyKí rvTrJ a&Smifom ausmjf zwfomG ; Mu\/ þwGif tbdZÑmorm; a'0'wftavmif; arsmuf,w k rf monf ]]olt Y cuf uk, d t fh uGu?f olaY omu uk, d afh vmb}} jynhaf p&ef arsmuf tm;vk;H ul;Ny;D aomf tjrihq f ;Hk tukid ;f xuf wuf í t&Sed Ef iS fh arsmufrif;ausmuke;f ay:odYk ckecf s NyD ; EG , f B uKd ; uk d jzwf u m wpf b uf u rf ; ok d Y xGuaf jy;oGm;avonf/ tavmif;awmf arsmufrif;rSm cufcJ yifyef;pGm BuKd;pm;&rI? arsmuftaygif; ausmf jzwfoGm;onhftwGuf emusifqif;&JrIwdkYESihf twl arsmuf,kwfrm\ aumufuspf&ufpuf rIwdkYaMumifh tavmif;awmfrSm jyif;xefaom 'Pf&mtemw&rsm;jzihf usef&pfcJh&Smonf/ xkdokdY arsmufrif;\ tepfemcHum
BuK;d pm;u,fwifyrHk sm;ukd tprStqk;H xd Munh½f I aeaom rif;Bu;D onf arsmufrif;ukd oem;vGe;f onhftwGuf o&ufyifxufrS tomt,m csapNyD ; aq;0g;rsm; uk o ay;um tusKd ; taMumif; ar;jref;Munh\ f / arsmufrif;u ]]trsm;csr;f om vGwf ajrmufoGm;onhftwGuf 0rf;ajrmufauseyfrd aMumif;? olUtzkYd ao&rSmud0k efrav;aMumif;? vkyo f iho f nfukd vkyaf qmifNy;D oGm;í aoaysmf aMumif;ESifh rif;Bu;D vnf; atmufvufi,fom; jynforl sm;tm; oluo hJ kYd oem;MuifemNy;D apmihf a&SmufumuG,fay;apvdkaMumif;}} ajymNyD; aoqk;H oGm;\/ rif;Bu;D onf arsmufrif;\ t,ltq oabmxm;ukd ESpo f ufauseyfum ½kyt f avmif; tm; crf;em;pnfum; odu k Nf rKu d pf mG rD;oN*K[ d f Ny;D arsmufrif;\ tepfemcH pGev Yf w T rf ?I &J&ihf wnfMunfr?I acgif;aqmifyo D rI? t"dygÜ ,f&o dS nhf pum;? wefz;dk &Sad omb0wdu Yk dk av;pm;*kPjf yK aomtm;jzihf trSwfw&&Sdap&ef arsmufrif; OD;acgif;½kd;udk XmyemNyD; Am&mPoDjynfwGif apwDwnf\/ azmfjyygtaMumif;t&mwdu Yk dk ok;H oyf um trsm;0ef;usiEf iS fh qufpyfaeaomvlonf tjyifty? y&[dw trsm;tusK;d ukd a&SUwef; wif OD;pm;ay;í rdrt d wGuf tcGit fh a&;rarQm?f tusK;d tjrwfrzefw;D ? tompD;ukd r&Sm? tEkid f &vdpk w d u f dk rarG;bJ vuf&b dS 0ukd ,cktcsed rf S pí oefpY ifaomapwemt&if;cHvsuf oem; Muif e mpd w f j zih f aumif ; rG e f p G m jyKrl q uf q H aexkdifoGm;rnfqkdygvQif xkdolonf ]]wefzkd; &Sdaomvl}} tppftrSefjzpfygawmhonf/ wefzkd;&Sdaomvl tjzpfjzihf avmu vlom;rsm; tusKd;vkdvm;olonf apwem? tcsp?f u½kPm? tMuifem tpOfruGmxm;Ekid f zdv Yk o dk nf/ xko d Ykd xm;Ekid &f efrmS vG,u f v l o S nf awmhr[kwaf y/ odaYk omf aumif;usK;d vdv k m;ol onf aumif;rIudk BuKd;pm;yrf;pm; raerem usih f a qmif a e&\/ rd r d \ ud p ö B uD ; i,f E S i h f tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;udkvnf; pGefYvTwfwef pGefYvTwf í avmutwG u f tepf e mcH E k d i f & ayrnf / tepfemrcHEkdifygbJ avmuvlom;rsm;tm; cspfcifMuifemzkdYqkdonfrSm rvG,ful rjzpfEkdif ay/ ]]wpf p wpf p ? pG e f Y 0 H h r S v Qif ? b0 aemufaESmif;? qufwidk ;f aumif;\}} qkdonfh twkdif; aumif;aomtavhtusihfudk ckdifrm aom tavhtxjzpfatmif ZGJ? vkHYv? 0D&d, wdjYk zihf vufwn JG aD e&ygrnf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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,Ofaus;vdr®m ausmif;trBuD; 0domcg jrefrmrsdK;qufopfvli,ftaygif; ukd,hfwkdif;jynf? udk,hfvlrsdK;? udk,hfbmom? ,Ofaus;rIwu Ykd kd xm0pOfxed ;f odr;f vsuf apwem o'¨gxufoef edAmÁ ef&nfreS ;f vSL'gef;vsu&f adS om (ykAÁm½Hk) ausmif;trBuD; 0domcguJhodkY vlrsdK; bmom ½d;k &m,Ofaus;rIwu Ykd kd raysmufrysu&f atmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &SmufEikd Mf uap&ef pdwf tBuHjzihf ausmif;trBuD; 0domcg Zmwfvrf; tpOf rSww f rf;wifa&;om;vdu k yf g\/ ywåjrm;rSeu f o l ,rÇL tppfjzpfawmf rlaom jrwfpmG bk&m; oufawmfxif&mS ;&Sad wmfrl pOftcg awmifig;vH;k ydwzf ;kH umcd&k m &mZN*Kd [f jynfBuD; tkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfwmu AdrÁdom&rif; w&m;? om0wåjd ynfBu;D tkycf sKyrf if;vkyw f mu yaoe'Daumovrif;? "r®tcif;t*FgpufNyD; Muif , mzuf j yKawmf r l o nh f ta&;aMumif h ESpjf ynfwpfjynf *a[wef;Ny;D a&Tvrf;aiGvrf; taMumif;qG,f ta&mif;t0,fEiS fh ul;oef;ae MuwJhtcg &mZN*dK[fEdkifiHwGif a&TaiG&wem aygjynh f 0 aZmwd u ? Z#d v ? ar@u? umu0v’, d ? ykPÖ [lí olaX;Bu;D ig;OD;&SMd uay onf/ &mZN*Kd [jf ynf t*Fwidk ;f b'´, d NrKd UrSm awmh ar@uolaX;ESiw fh uG olaX;uawmf pE´ y'kr? om;"eÍö,? acR;rokrea'0DwjYkd zpfMuNy;D ? "eÍö,olaX;ESifh okrPolaX;uawmfw\ Ydk orD; &wem (0domcg) t&G,pf pf 7 ESpo f rD;a&muf &ifyJ? bk&m;&Sifonf b'´d,NrdKUodkY a'opm&D <ucsaD wmfrv l mNy;D w&m;a&at; tNrKd uaf q; wkdufauR;awmfrlvkduf&ifyJ ar@uolaX;ESihf qk x l ; yef i g;OD ; pvH k ; aomwmyef j zpf M uNyD ; 0domcg vnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmfudk MunfndKo'¨g yGm;rsm;í aomwyw¬dzkdvfü wnfav\/ om0w¬jd ynf tkycf sKyrf if;vkyaf wmfrl aom aumovrif;BuD;uvnf; rdrdEdkifiHwGif olaX;wpfOD;rQr&So d jzihf a,mufzawmf &mZN*Kd [f EdkifiH AdrÁdom&bk&ifBuD;xH olaX;wpfa,muf tawmif;a&mufvmaomtcg aZmwdutp&Sd aomolaX;wkw Yd iG f ypön;f Opömaygrsm; <u,f0Mu onfjzpfí ajymif;a&GU&efrmS rvG,u f yl g[kqí kd Adro dÁ m&rif;Bu;D rS rSL;rwftaygif;ESiw fh idk yf ifum ar@uolaX;om;"eÍö, ay;awmfrv l u dk af wmh rSefvSyg a&Tbkef;awmfocift&Sifjrwfbk&m;? uReaf wmfrsKd ;udk vku d af pvdu k vku d yf grnfb&k m; [k avQmufxm;um ypön;f Opöm&wema&TaiGwYkd
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awmh wpfoed ;f wefyef;uH;k eJY eef;oH;k wJq h &mawG aumif;jcif;ig;jzmjynhpf akH om orD;unm tNy;D &S m &ef xG u f v mMuwJ h t cg ol a X;om;u aumif;jcif;ig;jzmtnD&rSqakd wmh 0d0,auom p? rHo?H t|d jynhpf rkH w S /hJ t"dygÜ ,fu qHyif? tom;? t½d k ; ? ta&? t&G , f a umif ; jcif ; taMumif;&if;u? qHyifonf a'gif;NrD;ozG,f pnf;aESmifxm;ouJo h Ykd nDñw G í f ta&miftqif; awmufyrnf;euf axG;,Suv f rd af umufjcif;r&S?d &eHYoif;ysHU qHauomajzumcsu? ajczaemihf txd&Snfvsm;? tom;rSmawmh aq;rqdk;bJ? eDjref;aomEIwcf rf;? xufatmufaumif;pGmxdí vufz0g;rSmawmh csdwf&nftvm;&Sdolrsm;ESifh t½d;k rSmawmh oGm;onfracgray: rpdyrf BuJ ykvJ vH;k pD tnDtñGw?f t½d;k tqpf ajyjypfacsmarGU &Sdacs&rnf/ ta&rSmawmh rnf;índKonf&Sdap umrl rwGefYrvdyf MumndKyef;yGihftqif;&Sdol? tom;0g0if; awmufyjcif;ESifh t&G,rf mS awmh q,fa,mufyifzmG ;jrifaomfvnf; wpfBurd o f m; zGm;&Sdolrsm;odkY tqif;,kwfavsmhr&Sdonfudk t&G,faumif;jcif;taMumif;&if;jzpfay\qdkNyD; owdkYorD;t&SmxGufcJhMu/ tNrdKUNrdKUwGif&Smr&? omauwNrKd UwGif 0d0wåyo JG bifEiS Bfh uKH BuKd uaf e? xdkyGJodkYvmaom trsdK;orD;wdkYonf tNcHt&H jrpfurf;&S&d moGm;vmMuaomf olaX;om;rsm;u vnf; rsdK;EG,fwl vSysdKjzLwdkYudk pdppfa&G;cs,f yef;uH;k ud, k pf u D ikd u f m apmihq f ikd ;f aeMu? 0domcg
DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ olaX;orD;uvnf; ta>ct&Hig;&mwdEYk iS w fh uG a&qdyt f wGi;f qif;umtvm? rd;k Bu;D onf;xef pGm &Gmcsavawmh NcH&Hig;&m rdk;vGwf&modkY tajy;tvTm; 'l;ay:aygifay: xbDpeG af wmif qGJí Z&yf&Sd&m cdk0ifvmMu? 0domcgrSmawmh ajy;vTm; oGm;vmjcif;r&S?d wnfNird pf mG oGm;vm avawmh rd;k a&rsm;pd&k aJT eonfukd rif;q&mwdYk jrifMuvQif [du k vmwJo h il ,fr wu,fvyS gu vm;/ avmuwGiftwkr&Sd orkwdtppfuzGm; wmrdYk xifyg&JU/ oG m ;awmf u av;yk v J o P² m ef ? qHawmfuav; oH;k awmifxmG ? &wemcg;awmf uav;u wpfxGmqdkif pHw&cdkif oHk;&ufv uJo h Ykd cH;k rsupf ? rifra&;bJ wifaq;cs,o f vdk rjriftyfaom a&Trsucf s,f aiGoufi,fEydS b f d ouJ h o d k Y twd w f & ajrvI y f w k e f a tmif a&T½kyfyHkjrwf ywåjrm;eDuav;? ewfyef;csDai; avmufatmif acsmvSyg uvm;/ aumif ; jcif ; ig;jzm unmig;&yf avsmufywfoef&Y iS ;f td-k cspo f rD;? olwumvdk rajy; aES;vGe;f vdYk rd;k pGycf &H tifrwef ysi;f &dwhJ rde;f uav;yJ/ 0domcgtyg;uyf rwfwyfu ar; vku d ?f tazBu;D wd.Yk ..? uRerf rMum;wMum; tjypfjrifum rajymygeJ?Y cspcf ifwmjzihf zGi[ fh umajymawmfryl g/ cspo f rD; tazmfrsm; ajy;vTm; rd;k cdMk uaomfvnf; rif;rSmawmh tzd;k weft0wf txnf riJhuGufbJ ajy;vTm;oGm;vmjcif;r&Sd onfukd ajymqdak ejcif;jzpfonf/ tazBu;D wd-Yk uRerf onf trsm;wumxuf cGet f m;Bu;D rm;? vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;Edkifygonf/ avmuü av;OD;ukeaf omyk*Kd¾ vw f o Ykd nf vsijf refpmG oGm; vmjcif; rwihw f ,fyg/ &Si;f ygOD; cspo f rD;../ 1/ tbd o d u f c H N yD ; aomrif ; onf rif ; ajrmuf w ef q mud k qif , if N yD ; aomf ? rif ; &if j yif ü vsif j ref p G m oG m ;vmjcif ; rwihw f ,fyg/ ½IUH cs jcif; cH&wwfygonf/ 2/ r*Fvmqifawmfonf wefqmqif ,ifvsu?f vsijf refpmG oGm;vmjcif;onf rwihf w,fyg/ 3/ &[ef;awmft&Sijf rwfwo Ykd nfvnf; ajy;vTm;jcif;iSm rwihw f ,fyg/ 4/ rde;f rwdo Yk nf vsijf refpmG ajy;vTm; jcif;iSm rwihfw,fyg/ tjcm;taMumif;wpfck &Syd gao;onf/ rdcifzcifwo Ykd nf rdro d m;orD; i,fwu Ykd kd vSywihw f ,f ½Icsipf zG,jf zpfatmif rS u f ? jcif ? yd k ; rT m ; ruyf a &muf & atmif apmifah &SmufarG;jrLcJMh uygonf/ Bu;D jyif;atmif apmifah &SmufcMhJ u&Ny;D rqifrjcif ajy;vTm;jcif; onf acsmv f o J nht f cg ajcvuft*Fg usKd ;yJch hJ
ygvQif aqGrsdK;rdbwdkY\ pdwfESvHk; NiKd;i,f ylyef&ayrnf/ rd;k pdjk cif;onf rMumrD ajcmufaoGU Ed k i f y gonf / xd k Y a Mumif h uRef r vsif j ref p G m ajy;vTm;jcif; rjyKonfomjzpfonf tazBu;D wd/Yk rif;q&mwdkY? þowkdYorD;i,fonf aumif;jcif;ig;jzmESiv fh nf; jynhpf \ kH / ynmÓPf vnf; Bu;D rm;ygay\qdNk y;D tzd;k wpfoed ;f xku d f aoma&Tyef;uH;k udk ay;tyfaqmifEiS ;f Muuke\ f / 0domcgrS? tazBu;D wd-Yk b,fNrKd UuygvJ/ olaX; om;trnfu b,fvakd c:ygovJ/ om0w¬jd ynf uyg/ owko Yd m;trnfu ykP0Ö ¹e jzpfygw,f cspforD;/ aumif;vSygNyD? r*Fvmqdkwm rz,f aumif;ygbl;/ trsKd ;wlZmwfwjl zpfonfukd odo jzihf a&Tyef;uH;k ukd vufcq H ifjref;í zcif"eÍö, olaX;Bu;D tm; owif;pum;BuKd wifrmS Mum;&ef &xm;jzih f a pvT w f u m rif ; q&mwd k Y E S i h f t wl jyefvmMu\/ tdraf &mufaomtcg zcifBu;D rS rif;q&mwdt Yk m; taMumif;pHak r;jref;od&ojzihf orD;taejzihf MunfjzLpGmvufcHonfudk zcif? rdcifwdkYtaejzihf auseyfESpfoufpGm&SdacsNyD[k ajymqdí k rd*g&olaX;Bu;D rS "eÍö,olaX;Bu;D xH r*Fvmowif;pum;jyefMum;NyD; ykPÖ0¹eESihf 0domcg r*Fvmvufxyfyo JG Ykd yaoe'Daumov rif;Bu;D ESiw fh uG ppfonfAv kd yf gtaygif; om0w¬d jynfo?l jynfom;rsm;vku d yf gí r*Fvmpnfawmf Bu;D wD;Ny;D vma&mufMu/ r*FvmyGw J iG f 0domcg qifjref;&ef a&Tyef;xdrfonfig;&mudkac:í ud;k uka#xdu k af om r[mvwmwefqm 4 v Mum jyKvkyfcJhonf/ orD;tm; a&csdK;apNyD; r*FvmyGw J iG f r[mvwmwefqm 0wfqifapí zcif"eÍö,olaX;BuD;rS qHk;rMo0g'pum; 10 cGe;f udk qH;k rNy;D aemuf ig;q,fav;uka#aom a&T? aiG? ausmufoHywåjrm; ypönf;Opömudk tyfEiS ;f vku d Nf y;D om0w¬jd ynf olaX;Bu;D &SpOf ;D wdYk rS orD;tm;qH;k ray;yg&ef rSmMum;tyfEaHS v\/ "eÍö,olaX;BuD;\ Mo0g'pum; (10) cGe;f 1/ cspo f rD; twGi;f rD; tjyifrxkwEf iS /fh 2/ tjyifr;D twGi;f roGi;f ESi/fh 3/ ay;wwfaom olukd ay;yg/ 4/ray;wwfou l kd ray;ygESi/fh 5/ ay;onfjzpfap? ray;onfjzpfap ay;om ay;yg/ 6/ csr;f ompGmaexkid yf g/ 7/ csr;f ompGmpm;yg/ 8/ csr;f ompGmtdyyf g/ 9/ rD;oH;k rD;udk vkyaf uR;yg/ 10/ tdrOf ;D ewfukd ylaZmfyg[líjzpfonf/ 1/ cspo f rD;- twGi;f rD; tjyifrxkwf
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ESifh qdo k nfrmS tdrw f iG ;f rS a,mu©r? rdb? vif om;wkdY\ aus;Zl;rJhtjypfa'gopum;wdkYudk tjyifü rajymygESifh cspo f rD;[k rSmMum;vdu k f jcif;jzpfonf/ 2/ cspo f rD;- tjyifr;D twGi;f roGi;f ESihf [l a ompum;rS m td r f e D ; em;csif ; wd k Y u a,mu©rçvifom;wdt Yk aMumif; raumif;ajymqdk onf&adS omf a,mu®rvifom;wdt Yk m; jyefvnf ajymMum;jcif;jzihf tjyifrSrD;udktdrfwGif;odkY ,laqmifvmjcif;rjyK&/ ,if;rD;xufylavmif aomrD;onfr&S[ d k qdv k jkd cif;jzpfygonf/ 3/ cspforD;- ay;aomoltm;om vQif ay;yg [k qHk;rvkdufonfrSm rdrdypönf; Opömwdu Yk v kd míawmif;aomtcg jyefíay;onfh olukdomvQif ay;oihfonf[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfyg onf/ 4/ cspf o rD ; - ray;aomoltm; ray;ESifh [laompum;rSm rdrday;vkdufaom ypön;f Opömudk rdrt d vd&k í dS awmif;qdak omumv jyefíay;jcif;udrk jyKaomolwt Ykd m; ray;ESi[ fh k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ 5/ cspo f rD;- ay;onfjzpfap? ray; onfjzpfap ay;omay;yg [k pum;rSm qif;&J aomaqGrsKd ;rdwo f *F[wdYk a&mufvmvQif jyefí ay;Edik o f nfjzpfap? ray;Edik o f nfjzpfap ay;om ay;yg[k qdv k jkd cif;jzpfygonf/ 6/ cspforD;- csrf;ompGmaeyg [k rSmMum;aompum;rSm a,mu©r? t&Siv f ifwu Ykd kd jrihv f Qijf rifah omae&m? jrwfaomae&mxdik af e jcif;rSm ravsmufywfonfukd &nfñeT ;f í qH;k r jcif;jzpfygonf/ 7/ cspforD;- csrf;ompGmpm;yg [l aompum;rSm a,mu©r? rdb? t&SifvifwdkY t&ifpm;aomufjcif;udrk jyKbJ pm;aomufz, G f &mjyifqifay;Ny;D vHak vmufonf? rvHak vmuf onfukd odNy;D rS pm;aomufjcif;jyKtyfonfukd qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ 8/ cspf o rD ; - csrf ; ompG m td y f y g [laompum;rSm a,mu©r? rdb? t&Siv f ifwYkd \ a&S;OD;pGm tdy, f m0ifjcif;rjyKbJ oihaf vsmf aom 0wfBu;D 0wfi,fwu Ydk jkd yKpNk y;D rS tdy&f rnfukd qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ 9/ cspforD;- rD;udv k yk af uR;yg [l aompum;rSm t&Sifvif\ rdcif? zcifwdkYudk rD;yHBk u;D uJo h v Ykd nf;aumif;? tqdyx f efaom e*g; rif;uJo h v Ykd nf;aumif; ½dak ojcif;? aMumuf&UHG jcif; &S&d rnf[k &nfñeT ;f íjyK&ef qH;k rjcif;jzpfygonf/ 10/ cspo f rD;- tdrw f iG ;f ewfukd ½dak o yg [laompum;rSm t&Siv f if? a,mu©rwdu Yk kd
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
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d ,f/ olu 'Db0rSm 'DcE¨m vdyjf ymaumifav;&Sw tdrrf mS aew,f/ aemuf 'DcE¨mtdryf supf ;D oGm; wmeJY aemufcE¨mtdrrf mS ul;Ny;D qufjzpfomG ;w,f vdYk ,lqxm;w,fav/ wpfb0Ny;D wpfb0om ajymif;oGm;ayr,hf oluawmh rysurf pD;bJ ckid Nf rJ aew,fvYkd ,lxm;w,fav/ cE¨mtdro f majymif; NyD; 'Dtwåaumifav;uawmh &SifoefaeqJ? cdik Nf raJ eqJyv J Ykd ,lqxm;wmqdak wmh 'Dvt kd rSm; t,luzkd ufw, G Nf y;D pGu J ikd x f m;wmudyk J b0wPSm vdYk owfrw S Ef ikd w f ,f/ 'gonfyif oów'd|d yJaygh/ aemufNyD; 'DwPSm&if;cHNyD; ukodkvf awGvkyfawmhvnf; bmxl;vJ/ bHkb0awG vSrf;arQmfNyD; vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om jzpf&yg vd\ k qdNk y;D rS [db k 0udck ifvu dk ?f 'Db0udk vdck sif vdu k ef YJ aumif;rIawG jyKaeMuw,fav/ wPSm wef;vef;? 'd|dwef;vef;eJY vSLaeorQawmh oHo&muxGuEf idk zf Ykd rvG,af wmhygbl;/ wpfb0 &vmawmhvnf; a&v,frSmyJ tDNyD;jr§Kyfvkduf? aemufaumif;rIawGudk 'DwPSmawGeJYvkyfxm; awmh 'DuaH wGu tusKd ;ay;jyefawmh aemufcE¨m opfawG &jyefa&m/ tJ'&D vmwmuvnf; 'Db0 u jyKcw hJ hJ aumif;uH? qd;k uHawGaMumifyh q J akd wmh tif;- *smat; olt Y ar½du k o f vdk jzpfaeygawmh vm;/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh 'DwPSmeJY'd|dudk t&if;cHxm;vdkYyJ/ uJ- aemufwpfcu k a&mqdak wmh 0db0 wPSm/ oluawmh jywfpJt,lrSm;aewmudk ajymwm/ ao&ifNy;D wmyJqNkd y;D av/ aemufbm b0rSr&Sad wmhb;l / t&m&maumif;wmyJjzpfjzpf? qdk;wmyJjzpfjzpf ao&ifyJysufNyD/ olY&JUtusdK; ay;awG bmawGr&Sb d ;l / ckb0rSmvkycf si&f mom vk y f / csrf ; omzd k Y t wG u f taz? tarawG bmawGrvdb k ;l / ckvuf&dS aumif;pm;zdyYk v J w kd ,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh taMumif;tusdK;? uHuH&JU tusKd ;udk r,HMk unfwm/ 'Dv, kd q l xm;wm[m rSm;aeygvm;vdYk rodEidk af tmif t0dZmÆ u zH;k ay; xm;avawmh? [m- ihgt,lurS rSew f mvdq Yk Nkd y;D ud k , f , l x m;wJ h t ,l o nf o m trS e f y J q d k N yD ; 'Dtay:rSm wPSmu xyfpx JG m;vku d af o;w,f av/ 'Dvt kd ,lrmS ;udak wmh Oapä''d|v d Ykd ac:yg w,f/ uJ- 'gqd&k if 'Dvt kd rSm;awGukd arG;uwnf; upGNJ y;D vmvku d w f m aoxdyq J ykd gawmh/ ud, k u f a&m b,f'|d x d rJ mS ygovJqakd wmh ppfMunhv f Ykd &oGm;NyaD yhg/ uJ- tJvakd wGeYJ ud, k , f w l t hJ ,lawG tay:rSm wPSmawGeJYcsnfxm;vkdufNyD; t0dZÆm u zH;k aejyefawmh rvkyo f ifw h mawG vky&f w J ,f/ ajym&Jw,f/ BuH&Jw,f/ 'gawGudkyJ 'kp½dkuf
raumif;aomtusihfawGvdkY ac:w,faemf/ tif;- wqufxJrSmyJ 'D'kp½dkuf (10) yg;yg xnhv f u dk yf gawmhr,f/ 'kp½du k rf mS um,uH (3) yg;? 0pDuH (4) yg;? raemuH (3) yg;qdNk y;D cGMJ unhf vdkY&w,faemf/ um,uH (3) yg;u bmawGvq J &kd if olt Y oufukd owfjcif;? olOY pömcd;k jcif;eJY umr *kPw f rYkd mS uJ&h UJ xdu k pf mG ,kw, f w k rf mrmusirfh I wdyYk aJ yhg/ aemuf0pDuH (4) yg;uawmh rkom0g' vdkYac:wJh vdrfajymwm? ydokP0gpmvdkYac:wJh acsmypfuek ;f wku d w f m? z½ko0gpmqdw k hJ t,kwf wrmawG qJqw kd m/ aemuforæyv Ü my0gpmvdYk qdMk uwJh odrzf si;f aompum;awG ajymqdw k mawG yJayhg/ 'gqd&k ifukd (7) rsKd ;&SNd yaD emf/ aemufusew f hJ raemuH (3) yg;uawmh olwpfyg;pnf;pdru f kd rw&m;BuHpnfwm (tvGefvdkcsifaomwPSmeJY r&&atmif vky, f w l mrsKd ;)? olwpfyg; aoaMu ysupf ;D oGm;vQif aumif;avpG&,fvYkd 0rf;rajrmuf oihw f mudk 0rf;omwm/ aemufq;kH wpfcu k awmh tapmuajymwJh t,lrmS ;awG (uHu&H UJ tusKd ;udk r,HMk unfr)I awGayhg/ t,lrmS ;aerSawmh tawG; uvnf; rSm;ayrayhg/ olwpfyg;toufaorS ukov kd &f w,fvYkd ,lxm;wmqd&k if owfzjYkd zwfzYkd 0efrav;awmhb;l ayghaemf/ oluawmh tawmh udk aMumufp&maumif;aeygw,faemf/ 'D'pk ½du k f q,fyg;udk jyKvkyfvdkY&Sd&if tyg,fa&mufzdkY vrf;azmufaeNyv D o Ykd m rSwv f u dk af yawmh/ tJaemufrSwfp&m&Sdao;w,fAs/ tJ'guav'D'pk ½du k af wGukd (1) ud, k w f idk jf yKvyk jf cif;? (2) olwpfyg;udk tjyKcidk ;f jcif;? (3) 'D'pk ½du k jf yKay; &if &r,haf vmuDtusKd ;awGukd ajymjyjcif;? (4) olwpfyg;wdkY olYtvdktavsmufjyKaeonfudk 0rf;ajrmufoabmwljcif;qdw k hJ av;rsKd ;eJaY jrm§ uf yGm;vdu k &f if oluae 'kp½du k af v;q,fjzpfomG ; NyaD emf/ tJ'gav;uawmh pmayuae od&orQ av;awGukd jyefvnfa0iSvu kd w f mygaemf/ atm- 'gqd&k ifawmh 'D'pk ½du k af wGjyK vkyaf pzdYk b,fou l ñTeMf um;ay;ygovJq&kd if awmh wPSmyJqw kd m ay:vmr,faemf/ tif;ckryS J 'Dopfw;kH yrmw&m;av;&JUtEÅ&m,feyH gwf 3 uae todawGymG ;vmvku d &f wm renf;yg vm;/ t0dZmÆ ? wPSmaMumihf uHawGvyk af eorQ awmh ukodkvfyJjzpfjzpf? tukodkvfyJjzpfjzpf oHo&mvnfapzdYk cE¨mtopftopfawG&apzdYk d w f meJu Y u kd 'kuy© gyJ ygyJvm;/ 'DcE¨m&vmvku vm;vdYk odjrifrNd y;D awmh trSerf odbJ &rf;vkyaf e wJh tuef;b0uae tjrefqHk;vGwfzdkYenf;vrf; av;rsm; jrefjref&mS vdv Yk w G af tmif ½ke;f xGu&f ay awmhrnf/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf /
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/
vdIifMunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywdkufESihf 'D*spfw,fpmMunhfwdkufrS jzefYcsdxkwfa0vdkufNyD 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/ 15/
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vnf; cyfjrihjf rihf ryso H ef;Ekid b f J cyferd ehf rd hf a&jyif ESihf uyfvsufom ysHoef;Ekdifawmh&m rMumrD wGifyif olvnf; a&xJodkY jyKwfusoGm;\/ xkt d cg a&xJ&dS ig;wpfaumifu xkad us;iSuu f kd zrf;,lpm;aomufvkdufavonf/ tcsdefwefí om;jzpfol aus;iSufjyefra&mufaomf zcif aus;iSuu f m; olom;\jyefrvmEkid af wmhonhf tjzpf u k d od v k d u f N yD j zpf \ / om;jzpf o l u m; ork'´&ma&jyifodkYusí ig;pmjzpfoGm;cJhavNyD wum;/ rdbjzpfolwdkYonfvnf; ¤if;wdkYudk tpm&SmauR;rnfholr&Sdojzihf tpmiwfum
aoMu&avonf/ Zmwfaygif;vQi-f jrwfpmG bk&m;\w&m;tqk;H ü ajrmuf jrm;pG m aom &[ef ; wd k Y o nf aomwmyef ? ou'g*grf? tem*grf? &[EÅm ponf toD;oD; jzpfMuukef\/ ,cktcg tpm;tpmukd tvGef tuRHpm;í tpmraMujzpfNyD; aooGm;aom &[ef;onf xkdpOfu aus;rif;\om;jzpfNyD; igbk&m;um; xkdpOfu aus;rif;jzpfcJhzl;NyD[k Zmwfaygif;awmfryl gonf/ ñTef;- ig;&mhig;q,f edygwfawmf aZmf a emif
MORAL AND ETHICS "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ à aemufausmzHk;rS tavhtxjzpfxGef;aeMuayNyD/ a,musfm;om;wpfOD;&SmazG&&SdEkdifaom ta&;tBuD;qHk;vufaqmifrGefrSm ZeD;r,m;aumif;wpfOD;omvQifjzpf onf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif vrf;ñTeaf wmfrcl o hJ nfh tjcm;ñTeMf um;awmf rlcsuw f pf&yfrmS rdbrsm;onf om;orD;rsm;odYk tarGypön;f Opömrsm;udk oihaf vsmaf omtcsed üf vTt J yfay;&efjzpfygonf/ xdu k o hJ aYkd om tarGvJT ay;jcif;onf BuKd qx kd u kd af om tpOftvmaumif;wpf&yftrSejf zpfygvdrhf rnf/ ,if;tpOftvmudk rnfonfv h il ,fv&l , G w f pfa,mufurQ jiif;y,f vdrrfh nfr[kwyf J pdwt f m;xufoef0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om rSe;f arQmu f m toihf apmihq f ikd ;f aernfomjzpfonf/ xdt k cgwGi¤f if;onf tdraf xmiftusK;d ESifh twl vl Y a bmif v l Y t zG J U tpnf ; twG u f xd k u f w ef a om ae&mrS tusKd;aqmif&eftoihfjzpfaevdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ om;orD;rsm;tay:wGif rdbrsm;jyKMu&rnfh wm0efrsm;ESihf ywfoufí oGefoifvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrlonfhtjyif jrwfpmG bk&m;onf rdbrsm;ESifh xdawGUqufqMH u&mwGif om;orD;wdu Yk apmihx f ed ;f vdu k ef m&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udv k nf; rdeq Yf ñ kd eT Mf um;awmf rlygonf/ rdbwdo Yk nf om;orD;rsm;twGuf vkyu f ikd af zmfaqmifay;oihf aom rdbwdkY\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;NyD;Muaomtcg obm0w&m;t& tdrk if;&ihaf &mfjcif;ESifh roefrpGr;f rIrsm;u xde;f uGyv f m onfESihftrQ tcsdefusa&mufvmaomtcg wuf<upGmvkyfudkifazmf aqmifaeonfjh rifuiG ;f rS ½kwo f rd ;f oGm;&vdrrfh nf/ odrYk [kwf tem;,lomG ; &vdrhfrnfjzpfygonf/ wa&GUa&GU wpfpwpfp ajymif;vJrIESihfacsmarmajyjypfpGm vGaJ jymif;ay;rIenf;pOft& om;orD;wdo Yk nf tdrk if;rpGr;f jzpfaeMuNyjD zpf aom rdbwdx Yk rH S Bu;D av;aom rdom;pkwm0efrsm;udk vufqihu f rf; vTJ ajymif;,lMuum? rMumrDrmS yif ,if;wm0efpifjrihaf y:ü ae&m,lomG ;Mu rnfjzpfygonf/ þodkYvQif rsKd;qufwpfckrS wpfckodkY rdom;pktvm; tvmonf qufcu H mul;ajymif;oGm;ayvdrrfh nfjzpfygonf/ þudp&ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í wm0efopfrsm;udk vufc&H ,lvu kd f Ny;D aom xdv k &l , G o f nf ¤if;\ t"du0wå&m;wpf&yfrmS ? ol\ tdrk if; rpGr;f jzpfaeMuaom rdbwd\ Yk aeYpOfvt kd yfrrI sm;twGuf tav;*½kjyK Munh½f aI pmihaf &Smuf&ef? axmufyjhH znfq h nf;&efjzpfonfukd owdjyK trSwf &ae&rnfjzpfygonf/ om;orD;rsm; i,f&G,fMupOftcgu ¤if;wdkYtm; rdbrsm;u axmufyahH y;urf;jyKpck MhJ uonfeh nf;wl? ,cktcgwGif t&G,af &mufvm MuNyjD zpfaom om;orD;wdo Yk nf rdbrsm;udk om;orD;wd\ Yk wm0efrsm;&Sd onft h wdik ;f aqmif&u G af y;Mu&efEiS fh *kP, f pl &mrdom;pktpOftvmrsm; udk uRr;f usiw f uf<upGm qufcaH pmihx f ed ;f ay;&rnfw h m0efukd xrf;aqmif Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ rdom;pk0iftm;vHk;wdkY\ aumif;usKd;csrf;omtjzm jzmtwGuf rdom;pktarGtESprf sm;udk aphpyfaocsm umuG,x f ed ;f odr;f Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ vl&G,fwdkYonf av;pm;xdkufatmifESihf tarGcHxdkufatmif oihw f ifah vsmufywfpmG jyKral exdik Mf u&rnfjzpfygonf/ rdbrsm; uG,v f eG f oGm;Muonfjzpfapumrl rdbrsm;twGuf jyKpMk u&aom om;orD;wd\ Yk wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;qufvufwnf&SdoGm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ om;orD;wdkY onf ra&SmifrvTo J m vkyaf qmifMu&rnfh bmoma&;qdik &f m 0wå&m; tcsKUd wdu Yk kd xrf;aqmifMujcif;jzihf rdbwd\ Yk *kP&f nftrnfrsm; t&Snf wnfwahH tmif tusK;d aqmifay;Muvdrrfh nf[k rdbwdu Yk arQmv f ihx f m;
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functions toward their children, would, in due time, retire or withdraw from the active scene as dictated by nature through old-age or other incapabilities. By a gradual process of evolution and smooth handing over, the child would soon assume the mantle of responsibility by taking over the onerous family duties from the aged parents, to continue with the family tradition, from one generation to another. In this respect, the young adult who has assumed his new funcitions, should remember that one of his prime obligations is to care, look after, support and provide for the daily needs of his age parents. Just as parents have provided for them in their young days, it is now the duty of the young adults to render their filial duties to their parents and to maintain honourable family traditions, by skill and diligence, guarding carefully the family inheritance for the good and well being of all in the family. The young adult should act in such a manner as to gain respect and to be worthy of his inheritance. The duties towards parents should continue, even if the parents are no more alive in that a child is expected to perpetuate the name of the parents in the performance of certain spiritual obligations. The relationship between a child and a parents, husband and wife, student and teacher, friend and companion, are relationshi that should be developed gradually, not by force or coercion but by generosity and accommodation, not by threat or harsh words, but by politeness and kindness, followed by soft and gentle speech, in a life dedication and devoted service for the well-being of one another. The tranquility of the mind arises from purity of words, action and thought, and clarity of compassionate understanding arises from unshakeable tranquility. These are basic essentials for a happy family and a happy society. (To Be Continued) Dhamma Vira Thandar Aung. ITBM University, Yangon,.
Muygonf/ om;orD;ESifh rdb? cifyeG ;f ESifh ZeD;? ausmi;fom;ESiq fh &m? rdwaf qG ESit hf aygif;toif;wdYk Mum;ü &Sad omaygif;oif;qufqaH &;onf trdeYf tmPm odrYk [kwf t"r®aphaqmfapcdik ;f rIjzihf r[kwb f ?J &uf&ufa&ma&m ay;urf;axmufyrhH EI iS fh jznhq f nf;ulnrD rI sm;jzihv f nf;aumif;? Ncrd ;f ajcmuf rI? odkYr[kwf? Murf;wrf;cufxefaom tajymtqdkwdkYjzihf r[kwfrlyJ ,Ofaus;ysLiSmrIEiS fh Muifem,k,rIwjYkd zihv f nf;aumi;f? wjznf;jznf;csi;f zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufatmif vkyaf qmifMu&aom qufqaH &;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; aumif;usKd;csrf;omtjyeftvSefjyKEkdifMua&; twGuf b0udk jr§KyfESHum cspfcifpGm opöm&SdpGm taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G o f mG ;Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ pdw\ f Nird ;f csr;f at;jrjcif;rnfonf tajymtqkd tjyKtrl tBut H pnfw\ Ykd oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,fjcif;rS jzpfay: vmMu&ygonf/ rwkefrvIyfaom pdwfNidrf;csrf;rIrS wpfzeftMuifem w&m;ESi, fh OS o f nfh em;vnfojd rifwwfrrI o S nf Munfvif&iS ;f oefv Y mrnf jzpfygonf/ þonfwu Ykd m; aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrUaom rdom;pkb0ESifh Nird ;f csr;f om,maom vlaY bmif vlt Y zGUJ tpnf;rsm;twGuf tajccH&rnfh t"du vdktyfcsufrsm;yifjzpfygonf/ "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f & ef u k e f N rd K U/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
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Moral and Ethical Conduct of a Buddhist (5) Ak'b ¨ momwpfO;D \usi0fh wfou d m© qdik &f m ud, k u f siw hf &m; (5) By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt. Translated into Myanmar by Dhamma V1ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.
"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o d k v f ) The relationship between a child and a parent, husband and wife, student and teacher, friend and companion, are relationships that should be developed gradually, not by force or coercion, but by generosity and accommodation, not by threat or harsh words, but by politeness and kindness, followed by soft and gentle speech, in a life of didication and devoted service for the well-being of one another.
om;orD;ESihfrdb? cifyGef;ESihfZeD;? ausmif;om;ESihfq&m? rdwfaqGESihftaygif;toif;wdkY\ tMum;ü&Sdaom aygif;oif; qufqH a&;onf ? trd e f Y t mPm? od k Y r [k w f t"r® a ph a qmf a pcd k i f ; rI j zih f r[k w f b J &uf & uf a &ma&m ay;urf ; axmuf y H h r I E S i h f jznh f q nf ; ulnDrIrsm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? Ncdrf;ajcmufrI?odkYr[kwf Murf;wrf;cufxefaomtajymtqdkwdkYjzihf r[kwfyJ? ,Ofaus; ysLiSmrIESihf Muifem ,k , rI w d k Y j zih f v nf ; aumif ; ? wjznf ; jznf ; csif ; zG H U Nzd K ;wd k ; wuf a tmif vk y f a qmif M u&aom quf q H a &;rsm;jzpf M uonf / Family Ties (b)
rd o m;pk o H a ,mZOf a ES m if B ud K ;(c)
With such attributes, a child would definitely be an asset to society. A child should be guided to show respect for the aged and towards authority, not out of fear but out of a sense of obligation and duty. As the child grows up, it is the duty of the parents to provide him with a suitable education intellectually and spiritually, to enable him to cope with the challenges of the world that the would be facing as an adult. Coming to adulthood, the age-old parental duty would be to find a suitable wife for the grown-up child. This was the tradition that existed long ago. However with the passage of time and in accordance with modern trends, such parental duties have been eroded to a great extent that it is now customary for the present day young man to look for his own life-partner. The highest gift a man can earn is a good wife. One other guide-line enunciated by the Buddha is that the parents should hand over, at an appropriate time, their inheritance to their children. This question of inheritance should definitely be a welcome tradition that no young man is likely to reject but would look forward to with keen and happy anticipation to play a leading role in the family and in society. Apart from the guide-limes given in regard to parental duties towards their children, the Buddha has enunciated some useful injunctions or obligations that the children should uphold in respect of their relationships to their parents. The parents, after completing their parental duties and
txufazmfjycJah om t&nftaoG;rsm;ESio fh m jynhpf ykH gvQi?f uav;i,fwpfa,mufonf vlaY bmifvt Yl zGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf\ tzd;k wef aom tpdwt f ydik ;f wpf&yftrSew f u,f jzpfvmayvdrrfh nf/ vlBu;D olr rsm;ESifh rdr\ d txde;f taMumif;yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;udv k nf; aMumuf&UHG rIjzihf r[kwf rlbJ? usihf0wfodu©mqdkif&mwm0efudk odem;vnfrIjzihf ½dkaoav;pm; vdkufemusihfoHk;wwf&eftwGuf uav;i,frsm;tm; oifMum;ay;&ef vdt k yfygonf/ ,if;uav;i,fBu;D jyif;vmaomtcgwGiv f nf; todÓPfrsm; wd;k í awG;ac:qifjcifwwf&efEiS fh bmomw&m; todÓPfrsm;udv k nf; &&Sad p&eftwGuf oihaf vsmaf om ynmudk oif,q l nf;yl;Ekid &f ef rdbwdYk u pDpOfay;&rnfjzpfygonf/ odrYk o S m ¤if;onf vlwpfa,muftaejzihf &ifqikd Bf uKH awGU&rnfh urÇmavmuBu;D \ pdeaf c:rIrsm;udk atmifjrifpmG ausmfvTm;EkdifpGrf;&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ om;orD ; wd k Y tcsd e f w ef t &G , f a &muf v monf q d k o nf E S i h f acwftqufquf usio fh ;kH azmfaqmifcMhJ uonfh rdbwd\ Yk wm0efwpf&yf rSm ,if;om;orD;wdt Yk m; xdr;f jrm;r*FvmaqmifEiS ;f í tdraf xmif&ufom; csxm;ay;&efjzpfonf/ þonfrSm a&S;ya0PDumvwnf;u wnf&Sd vmaom tpOftvmwpf&yfjzpfygonf/ odaYk omf tcsed u f mva&GUavsm vmcJo h nfEiS t hf rQ acwfopfp;D aMumif;rsm;ESifh avsmn f pD mG xdu k o hJ aYkd om rdbwdkY\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rSm BuD;rm;aom twkdif;twmwpfcktxd ,dk,Gif;ajymif;vJoGm;cJh&NyDjzpfonf/ ,ckacwf vli,fvl&G,frsm;onf ¤if;wd\ Yk b0Muifazmfukd ¤if;wdu Yk , kd w f ikd f pf w d Bf uKd u&f mS azG&,lMuaom pmrsufESm 39 odkY