Culture and Regional identity of Lambayeque
Gloria María Rojas Lozano 1 ABSTRACT Lambayeque has a cultural identity with solid roots from the pre-Inca period, also has a variety of cultural events that are expressed in poetry, the novel, the verses, dances, meals. Popular religiosity is important in the lives of people who have a high number of religious festivals; however, leaving aside the religious magic element that is deeply rooted in the consciousness of the Lambayecanos. Quackery is constituent part of the resulting religious syncretism of the Mochicas ancestral beliefs and the presence of the Catholic religion in the towns of the Department of Lambayeque. Key words: Cultural identity, cultural manifestations, quackery Resumen Lambayeque posee una identidad cultural con sólidas raíces desde la época preinca, además tiene una variedad de manifestaciones culturales que se expresan en la poesía, la novela, los versos, las danzas, las comidas. La religiosidad popular es importante en la vida de los pobladores que cuentan con un elevado número de fiestas religiosas; sin embargo no dejando de lado el elemento mágico religioso que está muy arraigado en la conciencia de los Lambayecanos. El curanderismo forma parte constitutiva del sincretismo religioso resultado de las creencias ancestrales mochicas y la presencia de la religión católica en los pueblos del departamento de Lambayeque. Palabras claves: Identidad Cultural, Manifestaciones Culturales, Curanderismo INTRODUCTION The theme of culture and regional identity of Lambayeque seeks to interpret and rescue the social practice of the settler of these lands, i.e. its way of being, behave in which looms a traditional society, despite the influence exercised by globalization as a cultural phenomenon all over the world. "Lambayeque and its culture" comes to recognize those traits that characterize the inhabitants of this part of the Peru: joy, hospitality, kindness with friends and strangers, see its origins, did their culture, customs and everything that has given rise to their regional identity.
1 Student of the eighth cycle, of the school of tourism and business, in the Faculty of business sciences, of the University Señor de Sipan, in the city of Chiclayo, Peru. Email: glorialozano@hotmail.com
This work is a small contribution to disseminate our local culture which is forgotten and a help to strengthen our roots. The culture on the individual Culture adapts to a person to his place in society, forge him a "status". This occurs through the process of socialization (Peruvian Cultural system. Pp. 9-14, 2005). Individual behavior depends on the interaction between personal characteristics and the surrounding environment or cultural environment. ("New institutional paradigms". Soc. Second Vasquez Zulueta). Lambayeque has a cultural identity grounded with solid and ancient roots. In the North of the pre-Inca Peru, there were ethnic groups that had their particular cultural, religious, artistic and even had their own languages. For example, the Mochica language had its own grammar according to E. Brunning.
Important archaeological remains are symptoms of the high degree of development reached by the Mochicas. Astonishes the world "Seùor de Sipan", are also known pyramids of Tucume. True friendship Manor is given in the Department of Lambayeque. Its cities and towns are cosy and provide a friendly and kindly spirit (publishing Utopia northern N ° 3). So that this climate will need the confidence, but before the person should feel comfortable with herself. Only thus the feelings will be expressed freely. ("New paradigms...")
We have expressions of popular culture: for example the set of tenths, quartets, verses, cumanas, which are those expressed in a spontaneous whose attentive reading detaches the creativity of the lambayecano. The people who grow it are workers in the field of agro-industrial complexes (Cayalti, Zana, Pitipo Motupe).
The cumanas were those discussions between two or more people in improvised form. Without being poets they recited them or sang. These manifestations have been collected from various social gatherings, such as lunches and have loving, political, religious, mocking character, etc. which were jokes, in an atmosphere of fellowship and camaraderie.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
IN REGIONAL LITERATURE Include two novels which reveal our cultural identity. •
"Damage" Carlos Camino Calderón is a folk costumbrist novel that paints the activity of witchcraft.
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"Port Cholo" Mario Puga tells of life of the inhabitants of Puerto Eten (district of the province of Chiclayo) fishing village.
FOLKLORE We consider 2 aspects: a) Legends: For example the Golden Bell of one of the churches of Zaña. For wanting to put it to good shelter of the pirates fell to the River near the hill called today “campaign". Legend has it that on some nights is heard the tallidos of the campaign which has a different sound to those made of other material. b) Customs: are the set of uses and qualities that form the distinctive character of a nation or person (dictionary Lexus, 2004). Examples: •
The "Godfather" to the first cut of the child's hair and the first nail trimming.
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The mourning closed in women and visits to the cemetery at the anniversaries or the day of the dead.
WITCHCRAFT The village of Salas (district of the province of Lambayeque) where is the cure of ills with the Guinea pig is famous. The treatment of the disease is carried out with medicinal herbs. (Peruvian Cultural system pags.74-86, 2007)
THE DANCES They are ritual character. Highlights the Tondero of erotic character, since it symbolizes the courtship for mating of Guan, bird typical of this part of the Peru and the Marinera is endangered is a very elegant dance characteristic of Northern Peru.
POPULAR RELIGIOSITY In the Department of Lambayeque nearly five hundred religious festivals held annually and of which more than 100 are dedicated to crosses. We noticed the increasing presence of "capital" festivals (Lord of miracles, Sta. Rosa, Virgin of Carmen and San Martín de Porres, etc.) reflection of the rising centralist influence of Lima. However, it transcends the importance of large rural parties. The party more crowded North was born a century ago and in the bosom of cerro Motupe Chalpón (5 August) attracts hundreds of thousands of devotees annually. Other cases include the pieties of the Señor Cautivo of Monsefu and Ayabaca (14 September-3 October), divine child of miracle of Villa Eten (July 22) and the worship of the deceased in Morrope (1 November).
THE RELIGIOUS PROCESSION It is one of the most popular genres of religious festival. It has its antecedents in society both the Hispanic Catholic tradition muchick and andina. For example: Monsefu and San Jose with its patron St. Peter made the procession either by sea or land. The bands in these festivities are very important: Monsefu and Reque come from the most well known bands and the best musicians have emerged out of these lands (Lundero # 154 topic: folklore, 2005).
THE GASTRONOMY It is expressed in the lambayecano culinary art, recognized throughout the country. Food is one of the elements of integration at any social gathering. Examples: Ceviche, rice with duck, kid, perspiring, chinguirito, appetizers, humitas, tamales, cause. Sweets include King Kong, custard and to quench your thirst, a nutritional complement of pre-Inca times: chicha. ("Kitchen culture and identity". Pedro Delgado in Utopia northern no. 2 p. 143, 2004).
Arroz con pato
Tortilla de raya
Cebiche
Espesado
King Kong
Chicha de jora
DISCUSSION
Today, the teaching of national and global historiography is not enough, but it is necessary teaching the elements of identity of the Lambayeque Region, i.e. history, religious syncretism, gastronomy, folklore, language and nature, including in Curriculares schedules, so that learners, recognise their sense of belonging to the reality of local Sociocultural and Region, which at the same time develop attitudes of defence, protection and conservation of the cultural, natural, gastronomic, folkloric, linguistic and historical heritage of Lambayeque.
CONCLUSIONS In Lambayeque, there remains still a popular culture expressed in traditions, customs, beliefs, dances, verses, meals, but which have been little diffused and studied in depth. -The link with people from different backgrounds (for example, of the northern highlands and the North Coast) have influenced the friendly character of the lambayecano today. -Lambayeque is a religious people. The mythical element and popular religiosity are ubiquitous with lot of religious festivals which are sometimes mixed elements of the Catholic religion and the magical beliefs of the inhabitants of the districts and villages of the Department. -The constant Andean migration to Lambayeque is very noticeable. The provincial population has increased sharply in recent years.
RECOMMENDATION To address Regional of the Ministry of culture, Regional Government of Lambayeque, Regional Directorate of tourism, or other agency of the State, creating an enclosed area, Center of studies, since children are the new morning which will make the region to progress and that the population is more identified with what surrounds us, likewise; that you group featured intellectuals region, who are investigating issues of cultural identity, and from there to develop and implement consensus-based proposals, in order to care for, preserve and safeguard the cultural and natural heritage of the region, and face multiple problems as a result of living in a globalized world.
THANKS
I thank the Mgtr. David Sanchez Medina, who allowed me to this project, learn more about culture and identity régional de Lambayeque. Thank you also to Bachelor William Cortez Grill who me guio to carry out this project.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
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Incae Clacds. Costa Rica. (2002) "A look at Lambayeque from school" - Ed. Cinto, Chiclayo - Peru. Pp. 20-78
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Bernal C.A. (2006). For management, economics, humanities and social science research methodology. Naucalpan de Juarez.
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M. Cabrejos & Tavara C. (2011). Made and the Lambayecanos, history, traditions and tenths. Chiclayo.
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M. Castells (2005). The importance of identity