P2 Midterm Presentation

BELGRADE MEETING ITS RIVERFRONT

DIAGNOSES INTRODUCTION FINAL PRODTHEORY METHODOL-

Bathers on the Sava River, source: http://www.dexpressbg.com/

P2 Midterm Presentation Complex Cities Graduation Studio Monitored by Verena Balz and Leo van den Burg Studied by Tanja Grubic_4118928

P2/METHODOLOGY GUIDE DISCONTINUITY REGIONAL SCALE

DISCONNECTION

CITY SCALE

FRAGMENTATION

RIVER SCALE

Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

EXISTENTIAL SPACE

METHODS

METHODOLOGY

FINAL PRODUCT

PLACELESSNESS

STRATEGIC DESIGN

Causes

PLACE AND NON-PLACE

THEORY

Analysis

Historical City Form Planning Political Territory City-River Contact Functions Morphology Belgrade I, II, III City Form Development Image Centralities

DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION Context

ASYMMETRY

CONTEXT

REGIONAL SCALE

• Administrative position • Geographic position • Political position

CITY SCALE

• Administrative division

INTRODUCTION

The Frozen Sava River, http://www.dexpressbg.com/

RIVER SCALE

• River Sectors • Coast Boarder

Position in Europe

Position in Serbia

Position in the region

CONTEXT

Belgrade

REGIONAL SCALE

• Administrative position • Geographic position • Political position Owned by the author

Owned by the author

Owned by the author

Administrative Position

150 km 100 mi

Coats of arms as the identifications and representations of the cities

Geographic Position ub e n a D

Vienna 1.7 million

Bratislava 431. 000

Budapest

Ljubljana 270.000

Zagreb 792.000

Sava

Belgrade

D anub e

1.73 million

Belgrade 1.15 million

be D anu Owned by the author

Balkan Peninsula position

Owned by the author

Position in Sava-Danube-network of cities Coats od arms, source: wikipedia.com

EU member states

EU member states - river role

CONTEXT

REGIONAL SCALE

• Administrative position • Geographic position • Political position

Black Sea

Belgrade Position

owned by the author

Political Position

owned by the author

Rhine–Main–Danube Canal connecting North Sea and Black Sea

INTRODUCTION

Municipal-administrative division of the city

CONTEXT Municipality of Zemun Municipality of Palilula Municipality of Zvezdara

CITY SCALE Municipality of Voždovac Municipality of Grocka

• Administrative division

Municipality of Rakovica Municipality of Čukarica Municipality of Old Town (Stari Grad) Municipality of New Belgrade Municipality of Savski Venac Municipality of Vračar

owned by the author, source: http://www.beograd.rs/

COAST BORDER

INTRODUCTION

owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010

owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade, 2008

RIVER SCALE

• River Sectors • Coast Boarder

TO INTEGRATE BELGRADE AND ITS RIVERS THROUGH A STRATEGIC DESIGN WITH RESPECT TOWARDS EXISTING/DISREGARDED VALUES (CULTURAL VALUES, HERITAGE VALUES, NATURAL VALUES ETC.) BASED ON A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND (GEO)POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE CITY

DISCONNECTION FRAGMENTATION

ASYMMETRY

PLACE AND NON-PLACE PLACELESSNESS EXISTENTIAL SPACE

-VALUES to analyze the spatial organization of the river and its surroundings, in order to identify values on different levels (cultural, natural, political, historical and social etc.), potentials and constraints.

THEORY ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM

PROJECT ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM - SPATIAL CITY-RIVER CONNECTION to develop a spatial strategy to cohesively connect city and the river in order to consolidate the cultural, historical, social and functional dimension

FINAL PRODUCT

-NON-PLACES to understand the meaning and manifesting of the phenomenon of place and non-place, through a theoretical study, and to identify its manifestations on the Belgrade Riverfront

Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

METHODOLOGY

-VARIOUS INFLUENCES OF THE CITY DEVELOPMENT to understand how historical events, political climates and social changes impact city development.

THEORY

DIAGNOSIS ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM

DIAGNOSIS

THE PROJECT AIM:

DISCONTINUITY

DISCONTINUITY

DISCONNECTION

FRAGMENTATION

DIAGNOSIS

Belgrade around 1938, source: http://www.dexpressbg.com/

ASYMMETRY

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

DISCONTINUITY

DISCONTINUITY

DIAGNOSIS

dominant

Final Product Strategy • Historical literature reviews • (Geo)political climate understanding from literature and practice - Ognjen Gogic (political sciences) • Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)

Methods

City History Timeline

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

Before YU

DIAGNOSES

YU period

PAST

DISCONTINUITY

City-River Roles History Timeline

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

DIAGNOSIS

ROLES PAST

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

WAR NATURE DIAGNOSIS

PAST-TODAY

DISCONTINUITY

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

PLANNING TIME DIAGNOSIS DISCONTINUITY

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes Kovaljevski’s illustrative vision of New Belgrade based on traditional values, 1923, (Blagojević, 2007)

Werner March’s plan for monumental Olympic Stadium in Belgrade , 1939, (Blagojević, 2007)

DIAGNOSIS

CLASSICAL PRINCIPLES IDEOLOGIC PLANS

DISCONTINUITY Vision for a New Belgrade made by Urban Institute of Serbia in 1947 , (Blagojević, 2007)

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

Plan for New Belgrade made by Nikola Dobrovic in 1948 , (Blagojević, 2007)

Design plan for New Belgrade made by Vido Vrbanic in 1950 , (Blagojević, 2007)

LA VILLE RADIEUSE DIAGNOSIS

Branko Petricic’s plan based on “La Ville Radieuse” made in 1958 , (Blagojević, 2007)

DISCONTINUITY Plan for central zone of Belgrade that was result of combination of two plans, 1960 , (Blagojević, 2007)

Political Timeline

Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

Before YU

DIAGNOSES

YU period

DISCONTINUITY

http://content9.flixster.com/question/49/99/39/4999395_std.jpg

Analysis Palace of Serbia Scale too big in comparisson to the needs

Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes

Headquarters of YU government Scale corresponds to country needs * Foundation and the first conference of the Non-aligned movement 1961

Territorial changes (Topalović, 2011)

- Radius of impact changes - Demographic profile changes - Role is changes?

PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS

Analysis Causes

Historical City Form Planning Political Territory

METHODS

FINAL PRODUCT

Historical literature reviews

DISCONTINUITY

Understanding of (Geo)political climate from literature and practice Ognjen Gogic (political sciences) Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)

Strategy

Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes

DISCONNECTION

DISCONNECTION

DIAGNOSIS

dominant

Final Product Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions • Mapping river area according to different criteria • Typological studies and categories • Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city

Methods

Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes

DIAGNOSIS DISCONNECTION City-River Connection, owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010

http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/308/p1010171id1.jpg/sr=1

Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes Old Center Zemun http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/9/9c/Luka_Beograd.jpg

Belgrade Port DIAGNOSIS

http://www.beogradcvor.rs/files/savski_amfiteatar.jpg

Sava Amphitheater City-River Connection, owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010

Infrastructure

Distribution of Industrial Sites

Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes

owned by the author

owned by the author

Distribution of (in)active green areas

DIAGNOSIS DISCONNECTION owned by the author

Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes

OFF THE RIVER CITY SHAPE

DIAGNOSIS DISCONNECTION owned by the author

PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS

Analysis Causes

METHODS

Mapping river area according to different criteria

City-River Contact

Functions Morphology

DISCONNECTION

Typological studies and categories Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city

FINAL PRODUCT

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes

FRAGMENTATION

FRAGMENTATION

DIAGNOSIS

dominant

Final Product Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions • Mapping river area in a broader coast-belt in order to understand fragments • Typological studies and categories • Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations

Methods

Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes

3rd Belgrade RURAL

NATURAL CONTACT WITH WATER

New Belgrade

MODERNIST CITY

City Center

RECREATIONAL RIVER CONTACT

DIAGNOSIS COMPACT CITY INDUSTRIAL RIVER CONTACT

owned by the author

Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes

3rd Belgrade RURAL

NATURAL CONTACT WITH WATER

71

New Belgrade

MODERNIST CITY

City Center DIAGNOSIS

71

RECREATIONAL RIVER CONTACT

COMPACT CITY INDUSTRIAL RIVER CONTACT

owned by the author

Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes Compact block changes, owned by the author

Modernist City changes, owned by the author, source - (Topalovic, 2011)

DIAGNOSIS

“STABILITY OF INFORMAL AND INSTABILITY OF THE FORMAL” (Topalovic, 2011)

FRAGMENTATION Padina - example of the informal settlement, (Topalovic, 2011)

Topalovic, 2011, p.

PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS

Analysis Causes

Belgrade I, II, III

City Form

METHODS

FRAGMENTATION

Mapping river area in a broader coastbelt in order to understand fragments Typological studies and categories Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations

FINAL PRODUCT

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

Analysis Development Line Centralities Causes

ASYMMETRY

ASYMMETRY DIAGNOSIS

dominant

Final Product Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

• Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolic • Mapping and studying relations between centralities in the city • Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions

Methods

Analysis Development Line Centralities Causes

START OF THE RIVER DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE CITY BECOMES A CENTER

DIAGNOSIS ASYMMETRY Citz Development, owned by the author, source, Grozdanic, 2008

Analysis Development Line Centralities Causes

CITY Commercial and economic centers

owned by the author

owned by the author

Historical centers

DIAGNOSIS RIVER Brownfield centers

owned by the author

PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS

METHODS

FINAL PRODUCT

Strategy

Analysis Causes

Development Line

Centralities

ASYMMETRY

Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolic Mapping and studying relations between centralities in the city Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS

Analysis Causes

Analysis Causes

Analysis Causes

Historical City Form Planning Political Territory

City-River Contact

Functions Morphology

Belgrade I, II, III

City Form

DIAGNOSIS

METHODS

FINAL PRODUCT

Historical literature reviews

DISCONTINUITY

Understanding of (Geo)political climate from literature and practice Ognjen Gogic (political sciences) Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)

DISCONNECTION

Mapping river area according to different criteria Typological studies and categories Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city

FRAGMENTATION

Mapping river area in a broader coastbelt in order to understand fragments Typological studies and categories Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations

Strategy

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy

Analysis Causes

Development Line

Centralities

ASYMMETRY

Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolic Mapping and studying relations between centralities in the city Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

THEORY

WHY THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HOW?

“He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast.”

Leonardo da Vinci http://img2.imagesbn.com/images/102380000/102386453.jpg

Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

SPACE &

PLACE AND NON-PLACE

PLACE THEORY

& NON-PLACE

WHY? • Specific Case of river that has undefined character and that its values cannot be measured according to existing urban tissue • Relating Place to different notions of politics, culture, social characteristics, planning etc...

Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

PLACELESSNESS THEORY

MANIFESTATIONS

PLACELESSNESS

Approach

“A. Other-directedness in places - Landscape made for tourists - Entertainment districts - Commercial strips - Synthetic or pseudo-places - Futurist places

Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

B. Uniformity and standardization in places - Instant new towns and suburbs - Industrial commercial developments - New roads, airports etc.

- International styles in design and architecture

D. Place destruction (Abbau) - Impersonal destruction in war (e.g. Hiroshima, villages in Vietnam) - Destruction by excavation, burial - Destruction by expropriation and redevelopment by outsiders (e.g. urban expansion) E. Impermanence and instability of places - Places going continuous redevelopment (e.g. many central business districts) - Abandoned places “ (E Relph, 2008., p. 118-119.)

THEORY

C. Formlessness and lack of human scale and order in places - Subtopias - Gigantism (skyscrapers, megalopoli) - Individual features unrelated to cultural or physical setting

MANIFESTATIONS

PLACELESSNESS

Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

EXISTENTIAL SPACE THEORY

Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

LEVELS OF EXISTENTIAL SPACE

THEORY

Levels of existential space (E Relph, 2008., p. 71)

BY NORBERG SCHULZ, DRAWN BY E RELPH (2008)

EXISTENTIAL SPACE

Fig. 48 floor-plans in Belgrade in 50’s (Mecanov, 2008, p.

130)

Approach

Elaborating on “Belgrade school“ (+other types of floor-plans that illustrate change in how people live) concept of apartment floor-plans in order to show culture of living as a background for individual perception of space and place .

Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space

Understanding the morphology of different street and urban patterns in relation with different periods of time when those were dominant. After general analyses of those types on a scale of the city as whole, more detailed studies on typologies will take place. The detailed observations will take place broader riverfront area. In this way project will focus on morphological and cultural existing context.

THEORY

Fig. 49, The city centralities : old city centers, brownfield centralities, commerce and office centralities respectfully, owned by the author, source (Petrovic, 2001)

LEVELS F EXISTENTIAL SPACE CONNECTION WITH THE PROJECT

Fig. 47 - Levels of existential space (E Relph, 2008., p. 71)

Fig. 50, The timeline-based drawing of conclusions about geopolitics, history, nation etc., owned by the author

EXISTENTIAL SPACE

Blok 29, http://a4.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/26277_351653468876_351627403876_3815000_4420239_n.jpg

EXISTENTIAL SPACE

Development of the city from 1945-1980 owned by the author, source: Korica, 1989

Dominant morphological types of blocks in 1945, owned by the author

Development of the city in 1945 owned by the author, source: Korica, 1989

EXISTENTIAL SPACE

Strategic Interventions

FINAL PRODUCT

Strategic Plan

STRATEGIC DESIGN

Strategy

FINAL PRODUCT

DISCONTINUITY

FINAL PRODUCT

STRATEGY

Strategy

Strategy

ASYMMETRY

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

FINAL PRODUCT

FINAL PRODUCT

STRATEGIC PLAN

DISCONNECTION

FRAGMENTATION

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy

ASYMMETRY

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

FINAL PRODUCT

FINAL PRODUCT

STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS

DISCONNECTION

FRAGMENTATION

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy

ASYMMETRY

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

FINAL PRODUCT

Strategic Interventions

FINAL PRODUCT

Strategic Plan

STRATEGIC DESIGN

Strategy

DISCONTINUITY

DISCONNECTION

FRAGMENTATION

Strategy

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy

ASYMMETRY

Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

P2/METHODOLOGY GUIDE DISCONTINUITY REGIONAL SCALE

DISCONNECTION

CITY SCALE

FRAGMENTATION

RIVER SCALE

Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions

EXISTENTIAL SPACE

METHODS

METHODOLOGY

FINAL PRODUCT

PLACELESSNESS

STRATEGIC DESIGN

Causes

PLACE AND NON-PLACE

THEORY

Analysis

Historical City Form Planning Political Territory City-River Contact Functions Morphology Belgrade I, II, III City Form Development Image Centralities

DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION Context

ASYMMETRY

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