BELGRADE MEETING ITS RIVERFRONT
DIAGNOSES INTRODUCTION FINAL PRODTHEORY METHODOL-
Bathers on the Sava River, source: http://www.dexpressbg.com/
P2 Midterm Presentation Complex Cities Graduation Studio Monitored by Verena Balz and Leo van den Burg Studied by Tanja Grubic_4118928
P2/METHODOLOGY GUIDE DISCONTINUITY REGIONAL SCALE
DISCONNECTION
CITY SCALE
FRAGMENTATION
RIVER SCALE
Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
METHODS
METHODOLOGY
FINAL PRODUCT
PLACELESSNESS
STRATEGIC DESIGN
Causes
PLACE AND NON-PLACE
THEORY
Analysis
Historical City Form Planning Political Territory City-River Contact Functions Morphology Belgrade I, II, III City Form Development Image Centralities
DIAGNOSIS
INTRODUCTION Context
ASYMMETRY
CONTEXT
REGIONAL SCALE
• Administrative position • Geographic position • Political position
CITY SCALE
• Administrative division
INTRODUCTION
The Frozen Sava River, http://www.dexpressbg.com/
RIVER SCALE
• River Sectors • Coast Boarder
Position in Europe
Position in Serbia
Position in the region
CONTEXT
Belgrade
REGIONAL SCALE
• Administrative position • Geographic position • Political position Owned by the author
Owned by the author
Owned by the author
Administrative Position
150 km 100 mi
Coats of arms as the identifications and representations of the cities
Geographic Position ub e n a D
Vienna 1.7 million
Bratislava 431. 000
Budapest
Ljubljana 270.000
Zagreb 792.000
Sava
Belgrade
D anub e
1.73 million
Belgrade 1.15 million
be D anu Owned by the author
Balkan Peninsula position
Owned by the author
Position in Sava-Danube-network of cities Coats od arms, source: wikipedia.com
EU member states
EU member states - river role
CONTEXT
REGIONAL SCALE
• Administrative position • Geographic position • Political position
Black Sea
Belgrade Position
owned by the author
Political Position
owned by the author
Rhine–Main–Danube Canal connecting North Sea and Black Sea
INTRODUCTION
Municipal-administrative division of the city
CONTEXT Municipality of Zemun Municipality of Palilula Municipality of Zvezdara
CITY SCALE Municipality of Voždovac Municipality of Grocka
• Administrative division
Municipality of Rakovica Municipality of Čukarica Municipality of Old Town (Stari Grad) Municipality of New Belgrade Municipality of Savski Venac Municipality of Vračar
owned by the author, source: http://www.beograd.rs/
COAST BORDER
INTRODUCTION
owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010
owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade, 2008
RIVER SCALE
• River Sectors • Coast Boarder
TO INTEGRATE BELGRADE AND ITS RIVERS THROUGH A STRATEGIC DESIGN WITH RESPECT TOWARDS EXISTING/DISREGARDED VALUES (CULTURAL VALUES, HERITAGE VALUES, NATURAL VALUES ETC.) BASED ON A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND (GEO)POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE CITY
DISCONNECTION FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRY
PLACE AND NON-PLACE PLACELESSNESS EXISTENTIAL SPACE
-VALUES to analyze the spatial organization of the river and its surroundings, in order to identify values on different levels (cultural, natural, political, historical and social etc.), potentials and constraints.
THEORY ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM
PROJECT ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM - SPATIAL CITY-RIVER CONNECTION to develop a spatial strategy to cohesively connect city and the river in order to consolidate the cultural, historical, social and functional dimension
FINAL PRODUCT
-NON-PLACES to understand the meaning and manifesting of the phenomenon of place and non-place, through a theoretical study, and to identify its manifestations on the Belgrade Riverfront
Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
METHODOLOGY
-VARIOUS INFLUENCES OF THE CITY DEVELOPMENT to understand how historical events, political climates and social changes impact city development.
THEORY
DIAGNOSIS ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM
DIAGNOSIS
THE PROJECT AIM:
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
Belgrade around 1938, source: http://www.dexpressbg.com/
ASYMMETRY
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONTINUITY
DIAGNOSIS
dominant
Final Product Strategy • Historical literature reviews • (Geo)political climate understanding from literature and practice - Ognjen Gogic (political sciences) • Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)
Methods
City History Timeline
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
Before YU
DIAGNOSES
YU period
PAST
DISCONTINUITY
City-River Roles History Timeline
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
DIAGNOSIS
ROLES PAST
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
WAR NATURE DIAGNOSIS
PAST-TODAY
DISCONTINUITY
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
PLANNING TIME DIAGNOSIS DISCONTINUITY
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes Kovaljevski’s illustrative vision of New Belgrade based on traditional values, 1923, (Blagojević, 2007)
Werner March’s plan for monumental Olympic Stadium in Belgrade , 1939, (Blagojević, 2007)
DIAGNOSIS
CLASSICAL PRINCIPLES IDEOLOGIC PLANS
DISCONTINUITY Vision for a New Belgrade made by Urban Institute of Serbia in 1947 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
Plan for New Belgrade made by Nikola Dobrovic in 1948 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Design plan for New Belgrade made by Vido Vrbanic in 1950 , (Blagojević, 2007)
LA VILLE RADIEUSE DIAGNOSIS
Branko Petricic’s plan based on “La Ville Radieuse” made in 1958 , (Blagojević, 2007)
DISCONTINUITY Plan for central zone of Belgrade that was result of combination of two plans, 1960 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Political Timeline
Analysis Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
Before YU
DIAGNOSES
YU period
DISCONTINUITY
http://content9.flixster.com/question/49/99/39/4999395_std.jpg
Analysis Palace of Serbia Scale too big in comparisson to the needs
Historical City Form Planning Political Territory Causes
Headquarters of YU government Scale corresponds to country needs * Foundation and the first conference of the Non-aligned movement 1961
Territorial changes (Topalović, 2011)
- Radius of impact changes - Demographic profile changes - Role is changes?
PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS
Analysis Causes
Historical City Form Planning Political Territory
METHODS
FINAL PRODUCT
Historical literature reviews
DISCONTINUITY
Understanding of (Geo)political climate from literature and practice Ognjen Gogic (political sciences) Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)
Strategy
Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes
DISCONNECTION
DISCONNECTION
DIAGNOSIS
dominant
Final Product Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions • Mapping river area according to different criteria • Typological studies and categories • Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city
Methods
Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes
DIAGNOSIS DISCONNECTION City-River Connection, owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/308/p1010171id1.jpg/sr=1
Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes Old Center Zemun http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/9/9c/Luka_Beograd.jpg
Belgrade Port DIAGNOSIS
http://www.beogradcvor.rs/files/savski_amfiteatar.jpg
Sava Amphitheater City-River Connection, owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010
Infrastructure
Distribution of Industrial Sites
Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes
owned by the author
owned by the author
Distribution of (in)active green areas
DIAGNOSIS DISCONNECTION owned by the author
Analysis City-River Contact Functions Morphology Causes
OFF THE RIVER CITY SHAPE
DIAGNOSIS DISCONNECTION owned by the author
PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS
Analysis Causes
METHODS
Mapping river area according to different criteria
City-River Contact
Functions Morphology
DISCONNECTION
Typological studies and categories Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes
FRAGMENTATION
FRAGMENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
dominant
Final Product Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions • Mapping river area in a broader coast-belt in order to understand fragments • Typological studies and categories • Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations
Methods
Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes
3rd Belgrade RURAL
NATURAL CONTACT WITH WATER
New Belgrade
MODERNIST CITY
City Center
RECREATIONAL RIVER CONTACT
DIAGNOSIS COMPACT CITY INDUSTRIAL RIVER CONTACT
owned by the author
Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes
3rd Belgrade RURAL
NATURAL CONTACT WITH WATER
71
New Belgrade
MODERNIST CITY
City Center DIAGNOSIS
71
RECREATIONAL RIVER CONTACT
COMPACT CITY INDUSTRIAL RIVER CONTACT
owned by the author
Analysis Belgrade I, II, III City Form Causes Compact block changes, owned by the author
Modernist City changes, owned by the author, source - (Topalovic, 2011)
DIAGNOSIS
“STABILITY OF INFORMAL AND INSTABILITY OF THE FORMAL” (Topalovic, 2011)
FRAGMENTATION Padina - example of the informal settlement, (Topalovic, 2011)
Topalovic, 2011, p.
PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS
Analysis Causes
Belgrade I, II, III
City Form
METHODS
FRAGMENTATION
Mapping river area in a broader coastbelt in order to understand fragments Typological studies and categories Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
Analysis Development Line Centralities Causes
ASYMMETRY
ASYMMETRY DIAGNOSIS
dominant
Final Product Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
• Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolic • Mapping and studying relations between centralities in the city • Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions
Methods
Analysis Development Line Centralities Causes
START OF THE RIVER DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE CITY BECOMES A CENTER
DIAGNOSIS ASYMMETRY Citz Development, owned by the author, source, Grozdanic, 2008
Analysis Development Line Centralities Causes
CITY Commercial and economic centers
owned by the author
owned by the author
Historical centers
DIAGNOSIS RIVER Brownfield centers
owned by the author
PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS
METHODS
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategy
Analysis Causes
Development Line
Centralities
ASYMMETRY
Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolic Mapping and studying relations between centralities in the city Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
PROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS
Analysis Causes
Analysis Causes
Analysis Causes
Historical City Form Planning Political Territory
City-River Contact
Functions Morphology
Belgrade I, II, III
City Form
DIAGNOSIS
METHODS
FINAL PRODUCT
Historical literature reviews
DISCONTINUITY
Understanding of (Geo)political climate from literature and practice Ognjen Gogic (political sciences) Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)
DISCONNECTION
Mapping river area according to different criteria Typological studies and categories Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city
FRAGMENTATION
Mapping river area in a broader coastbelt in order to understand fragments Typological studies and categories Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations
Strategy
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy
Analysis Causes
Development Line
Centralities
ASYMMETRY
Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolic Mapping and studying relations between centralities in the city Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
THEORY
WHY THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HOW?
“He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast.” Leonardo da Vinci http://img2.imagesbn.com/images/102380000/102386453.jpg
Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
SPACE &
PLACE AND NON-PLACE
PLACE THEORY
& NON-PLACE
WHY? • Specific Case of river that has undefined character and that its values cannot be measured according to existing urban tissue • Relating Place to different notions of politics, culture, social characteristics, planning etc...
Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
PLACELESSNESS THEORY
MANIFESTATIONS
PLACELESSNESS
Approach
“A. Other-directedness in places - Landscape made for tourists - Entertainment districts - Commercial strips - Synthetic or pseudo-places - Futurist places
Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
B. Uniformity and standardization in places - Instant new towns and suburbs - Industrial commercial developments - New roads, airports etc. - International styles in design and architecture
D. Place destruction (Abbau) - Impersonal destruction in war (e.g. Hiroshima, villages in Vietnam) - Destruction by excavation, burial - Destruction by expropriation and redevelopment by outsiders (e.g. urban expansion) E. Impermanence and instability of places - Places going continuous redevelopment (e.g. many central business districts) - Abandoned places “ (E Relph, 2008., p. 118-119.)
THEORY
C. Formlessness and lack of human scale and order in places - Subtopias - Gigantism (skyscrapers, megalopoli) - Individual features unrelated to cultural or physical setting
MANIFESTATIONS
PLACELESSNESS
Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
EXISTENTIAL SPACE THEORY
Approach Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
LEVELS OF EXISTENTIAL SPACE
THEORY
Levels of existential space (E Relph, 2008., p. 71)
BY NORBERG SCHULZ, DRAWN BY E RELPH (2008)
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Fig. 48 floor-plans in Belgrade in 50’s (Mecanov, 2008, p. 130)
Approach
Elaborating on “Belgrade school“ (+other types of floor-plans that illustrate change in how people live) concept of apartment floor-plans in order to show culture of living as a background for individual perception of space and place .
Place & Non-Place Placelessness Existential space
Understanding the morphology of different street and urban patterns in relation with different periods of time when those were dominant. After general analyses of those types on a scale of the city as whole, more detailed studies on typologies will take place. The detailed observations will take place broader riverfront area. In this way project will focus on morphological and cultural existing context.
THEORY
Fig. 49, The city centralities : old city centers, brownfield centralities, commerce and office centralities respectfully, owned by the author, source (Petrovic, 2001)
LEVELS F EXISTENTIAL SPACE CONNECTION WITH THE PROJECT
Fig. 47 - Levels of existential space (E Relph, 2008., p. 71)
Fig. 50, The timeline-based drawing of conclusions about geopolitics, history, nation etc., owned by the author
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Blok 29, http://a4.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/26277_351653468876_351627403876_3815000_4420239_n.jpg
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Development of the city from 1945-1980 owned by the author, source: Korica, 1989
Dominant morphological types of blocks in 1945, owned by the author
Development of the city in 1945 owned by the author, source: Korica, 1989
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Strategic Interventions
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategic Plan
STRATEGIC DESIGN
Strategy
FINAL PRODUCT
DISCONTINUITY
FINAL PRODUCT
STRATEGY
Strategy
Strategy
ASYMMETRY
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
FINAL PRODUCT
FINAL PRODUCT
STRATEGIC PLAN
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy
ASYMMETRY
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
FINAL PRODUCT
FINAL PRODUCT
STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy
ASYMMETRY
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategic Interventions
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategic Plan
STRATEGIC DESIGN
Strategy
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
Strategy
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions Strategy
ASYMMETRY
Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
P2/METHODOLOGY GUIDE DISCONTINUITY REGIONAL SCALE
DISCONNECTION
CITY SCALE
FRAGMENTATION
RIVER SCALE
Strategy Strategic Plan Strategic Interventions
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
METHODS
METHODOLOGY
FINAL PRODUCT
PLACELESSNESS
STRATEGIC DESIGN
Causes
PLACE AND NON-PLACE
THEORY
Analysis
Historical City Form Planning Political Territory City-River Contact Functions Morphology Belgrade I, II, III City Form Development Image Centralities
DIAGNOSIS
INTRODUCTION Context
ASYMMETRY
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