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BACK TO THE FUTURE

Francesco Bonami’s look at Henry Moore and Florence Lo sguardo di Francesco Bonami su Henry Moore e Firenze

text ROSSELLA BATTISTA

The city looked different through that hole that pierced the blocks of white marble. That hole sucked in the ancient and forced it to measure itself against the contemporary. Even Francesco Bonami, now internationally renowned curator of exhibitions and art critic, but at the time only a curious teenager, was so impressed by Henry Moore’s 1972 exhibition at Forte Belvedere that he remained forever marked and fascinated by contemporary art, so much so as to make it his life’s work. On the occasion of the exhibition Back to Moore. Forte Belvedere 1972, curated by Sergio Risaliti, we asked Bonami to tell us about those emotions. “Moore’s exhibition opened up a world: he made it clear that it was still possible to make art, art of great impact, even in a place like Florence, so tied to the past”. Like all young people at the time, he was struck by the great works that created a new world, which disrupted the art of the Renaissance without turning it upside down. What a revelation - they could co-exist, and indeed history could still feed the fascination of research. “That exhibition and that artist had an overwhelming effect on me because they made me passionate about art. At the time I was not involved in any artistic activity, but those monumental works, standing out and rede with me forever. It was a unique experience. Thanks to that exhibition, I began to think of art as something that was an opportunity. An art that could be something else, a different

‘MOORE MADE IT CLEAR THAT IT WAS STILL POSSIBLE TO MAKE ART, ART OF IMPACT, EVEN IN A PLACE LIKE FLORENCE, SO TIED TO THE PAST’

Henry Moore visiting the Forte di Belvedere for a site visit prior to the exhibition Mostra di Henry Moore, Florence, Italy, November 1971 (ph. Marchiori Reproduced by permission of The Henry Moore Foundation) La città appariva diversa attraverso quel buco che forava i blocchi di marmo candido. Quel buco risucchiava l’antico e lo costringeva a misurarsi col contemporaneo. Anche Francesco Bonami, oggi curatore di mostre e critico d’arte di fama internazionale, ma al tempo solo un adolescente curioso, fu così colpito dalla mostra di Henry Moore a Forte Belvedere del 1972, da rimanere per sempre segnato e affascinato dall’arte contemporanea, tanto da farne una professione. In occasione della mostra Back to Moore. Forte Belvedere 1972, curata da Sergio Risaliti, abbiamo chiesto a Bonami di raccontarci quelle emozioni “La mostra di Moore aprì un mondo: fece capire che si poteva ancora fare arte, un’arte di grande impatto, anche in un luogo come Firenze, così legato al passato”. Come tutti i giovani al tempo rimase colpito dalle grandi opere che creavano un mondo nuovo, che scardinavano, senza stravolgerlo l’universo rinascimentale. Che rivelazione: ci potevano convivere e anzi la storia poteva alimentare ancora la fantasia della ricerca. “Quella mostra e quell’artista ebbero un effetto stravolgente su di me perché mi fecero appassionare all’arte. Al tempo non ero coinvolto in nessuna attività artistica, ma quelle opere monumentali che si stagliano accompagneranno per sempre. Fu un’esperienza unica. Grazie a quella mostra cominciai a pensare all’arte come a qualcosa che fosse un’opportunità. Un’arte che poteva essere altro, un modo diverso di guardare la natura. Al

way of looking at nature. At the time I even thought it was easy to make contemporary art. And instead...”. A big mistake, but at 15-16 everything seems easy. So much so that like many of his peers, Bonami too was fascinated by the great works without giving weight, at the time, to the drawings. “Behind all of Moore’s sculpture, there is a great designer. Something I appreciated later, and it should not be forgotten that Michelangelo was his inspiration. But if you don’t have the seed, you can be a great designer without ever becoming an artist. Certainly, a person can learn, but if the idea, the idea that makes the difference is not there, they will always remain a craftsman, as talented as they are creative, but not an artist “. Thoughts inevitably turn to Perugino to look to the past, or more recently to Annigoni. Very valid but without that idea that generates the difference, which transforms an object into something different, into a new life. “Moore was attracted to plant and animal fossils: he drew them on every occasion. From there he worked out his vaguely anthropomorphic forms, his abstract volumes, forms that followed a vision of art and research. Just as Michelangelo had done in his time, putting forward his vision of the earthly and celestial world in his sculptures and designing his works accordingly”. A great exhibition which also put the seal on a fortunate coincidence of events, such as the renewed economic pact with England, so much so that it was Princess Margaret herself who inaugurated the exhibition, or the relaunch of the stonecutting business (Moore

Photos from the exhibition Back to Moore. Forte Belvedere 1972

A GREAT EXHIBITION WHICH ALSO PUT THE SEAL ON A FORTUNATE COINCIDENCE OF EVENTS, SUCH AS THE RENEWED

Henry Moore drawing in Gildmore Graphics Studio, Perry Green, c.1982 fare arte contemporanea. E invece...”. Un bell’errore, ma a 15-16 anni tutto appare facile. Tanto che come molti suoi coetanei anche Bonami fu ammaliato dalle grandi opere senza dar peso, al momento, ai disegni. “Dietro tutta la scultura di Moore invece c’è un grande disegnatore. Cosa che ho apprezzato poi in seguito e non va dimenticato che il suo ispiratore fu proprio Michelangelo. Ma se non si ha il seme si può essere grandi disegnatori senza diventare mai degli artisti. Si può imparare certo, ma se uno non ha l’idea, lo spunto che fa la differenza, rimarrà sempre un artigiano, bravissimo quanto creativo, ma non un artista”. Il pensiero va inevitabilmente a Perugino per guardare al passato o più di recente ad Annigoni. Validissimi ma senza quell’idea che genera la differenza, che trasforma un oggetto in qualcosa di diverso, in una vita nuova. “Moore era attratto da fossili vegetali e animali: li disegnava in ogni occasione. Da qui ne elaborava le sue forme, vagamente antropomorfe, i suoi volumi astratti. Forme che seguivano un visione dell’arte e della ricerca. Così come a suo tempo aveva fatto Michelangelo che nelle sue sculture riproponeva la sua visione del mondo terreno e celeste e progettava le sue opere in funzione di questa”. Una grande mostra a suggello anche di una felice coincidenza di eventi, come un rinnovato patto economico con l’Inghilterra, tanto che fu la stessa principessa Margaret a inaugurare la mostra, o il rilancio dell’atti-

Photos from the exhibition Back to Moore. Forte Belvedere 1972

was called to work at Henraux in Seravezza), but all this did not generate any innovative thrust for Florence. A great missed opportu between wanting to be contemporary and staying anchored to the past is dominant. So even when it came to Moore the opportunity was not grasped. I am referring to the famous Buco (Square Form with Cut) that Florence failed to acquire, and which was bought by Prato, thanks to a group of wool manufacturers. But even then, it was placed anonymously and without enhancement in the middle of a roundabout - although it was still better than Florence had done. Unfortunately, the city is anchored in the 19th century - Bonami notes. A fruitful, vital period from an urban planning perspective, with the great transformation of the avenues, the creation of the Piazzale, but architecturally poor. Just look at Piazza della Signoria - the nineteenth-century architecture is sad if you compare it with the mix of styles formed by Palazzo Uguccioni. Florence was what it was because it managed to relate different styles. We persist in not wanting to understand that cities thrive on contrasts. The sense of coexistence between different styles has been lost. In the 1970s the city was much more creative. It was the period of radical architecture and it would be nice to go back to that spirit”. Instead it is enough for a work to be placed in the Signoria, even for just a few months, for a fuss to be kicked up - as it was for Urs Fisher’s Big Clay, brought by Bonami in 2017, and which divided the city.

‘FOR US TUSCANS, THE CONFLICT BETWEEN WANTING TO BE CONTEMPORARY AND STAYING ANCHORED TO THE PAST IS DOMINANT’

vità lapidea (Moore fu chiamato a lavorare all’Henraux di Seravezza), ma tutto questo non generò alcuna spinta innovatrice per Firenze. Una grande occasione persa. voler essere contemporanei e rimanere ancorati al passato è dominante. Così anche per Moore non fu colta l’opportunità. Mi riferisco al celebre Buco (Forma squadrata con taglio) che Firenze non acquistò, e che venne comprato da Prato, grazie a un sodalizio di industriali lanieri. Ma poi venne collocato in maniera anonima e senza valorizzarlo in mezzo a una rotonda. E comunque sempre meglio di quanto non abbia fatto Firenze. Purtroppo la città è ancorata all’800 - constata Bonami -. Periodo fecondo e fondamentale da un punto di vista urbanistico con le grandi trasformazioni dei viali, la creazione del piazzale, ma povero architettonicamente. Basta guardare piazza della Signoria: l’architettura ottocentesca è triste se si confronta con quel mix di stili formato palazzo Uguccioni. Firenze è stata quella che è stata perché è riuscita a mettere in dialogo stili diversi. Ci si ostina a non voler capire che le città vivono di contrasti. Si è perso il senso della convivenza tra stili diversi. Negli anni ‘70 la città era molto più creativa. Era il periodo dell’architettura radicale e sarebbe bello tornare a quello spirito” E invece basta che un’opera venga collocata in Signoria anche solo per pochi mesi che subito si grida allo scandalo. Come fu per la Big Clay di Urs Fisher, portata proprio da Bonami nel 2017 e che divise la città.

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