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Film and Theatre By: Anya Paiz

("Titanic (1997)")

The film industry exploded in the ‘90’s. With everything from children’s movies to intense action films, a lot happened from 1990 to 1999. First off in 1990, the now favorite Home Alone came out. It was (“The Matrix”) widely loved by the public and is still a home favorite today. Later, in 1993, the action-packed film Jurassic Park came out. It was a film loved by many and now has its own ride at Universal Studios. The following year was the greatest year in the ‘90’s, film-related, since three of the most praised films from then to present day were released in 1994. First, The Lion King came out, the lovely and meaningful children’s film by Disney, which continues to be many toddlers's favorite today. A few months later, Forrest Gump was released. Based on the best-selling novel written by Winston Groom in 1986, it became an immediate success and continues to be a classic film in our day and age. Last of 1994 was The Shawshank Redemption. The film is fictitious, yet feels so real and has become a classic. The film follows Andy Dufresne for 19 years of prison after being charged with the murders of his wife and his lover, both crimes of which he did not commit. In 1995, the lovable film Toy Story was released, loved by the young and old audience alike. Then, in 1997, the all-time classic Titanic made its appearance on the big screen.Dramatic, thrilling and thoroughly entertaining, it quickly became a favorite by all who watched it. Lastly, in 1999, the special-effects filled science fiction film The Matrix was released and loved by the sci-fi community. All in all, the ‘90’s was an ("Forrest Gump") exemplary year in the film and theatre industry.

Music In the 1990’s, music improved greatly and created a home to many young artists and their different views. The genres differed from pop, rap, alternative music, techno, and hip-hop. As a major rising star, pop star Britney Spears signed her first record label in 1997 with Jive Records. Her most popular song, “Baby One More Time” got most credit for making Ms. Spears more popular with 12,200,000 albums sold. Another popular female musician was Madonna who in 1991 made it to the

Top 10 Hits and sold over 70 million albums internationally. Additionally, one of the most well-known artists, Michael Jackson, released an album with Sony Pictures which would be the most expensive music promotions ever in the history of music. This is one one of the many albums that Jackson created. Lastly, Cher’s “Believe” was the first ever song in the 90’s that included auto tune to distort the voice. Many singers after that began to follow her lead into the 2000’s.

("Pop 'Til You Drop!")

(Bordet)

(Doyle)

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Fashion in the

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By:Carmela Ribadeneira The 1990’s were arguably the most diverse and interesting years in fashion. The 1990’s began with a more 80’s inspired look. This included many neon colors. Doc Martens were in style during the 90’s. The wide range of colors made them popular. This fashion later changed into a more grunge inspired look. Slip dresses were very popular in the 90’s. The red carpet looks often included slip dresses which eventually made their way into the public.

Another inspiration for the 90’s fashion was the movie Clueless. The plaid skirts and sweater sets became an instant sensation among Clueless watchers. The typical grunge look in the 90’s included flannels, distressed jeans, leather jackets, and converse high tops. The grunge look was inspired by grunge music which swept the country in the 90’s. One of the most common shoes during the 90’s were Keds. Keds were the sneakers in the 90’s. Teens often mathched their Keds with bodysuits. Bodysuits were also a very common trend in the 90’s

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Food Foods in the ‘90’s were all about treats and snacks. There were many candies that became popular in the ‘90’s that are still widely loved today. Some of them include Jawbreakers, these big, hard candies that get their names from being so hard to chew. Laffy Taffies, which were taffies that came in little packets with jokes on the wrapping, were and still are popular. Pop Rocks were also a very popular candy. Pop rockets are little candies with air trapped inside that create a popping sensation in the mouth. Another very popular food item in the 1990’s were lunchables. “I always wanted to have those for lunch because everyone had them, but they were actually quite gross” (Jimenez). Lunchables were pre-packaged lunches that were designed to replicate a frozen American TV dinner. These drove the American youth into a frenzy.

Another pre-packaged meal that was popular in the 1990’s were pizza pockets. Pizza pockets were frozen calzon styled snacks. These were convenient because all one had to do was heat them and enjoy. Bubble tape and push pops were candies that also became popular in the 1990’s. Bubble tape is a roll of gum that can be cut into pieces to eat. Push pops are a type of candy that one has to push out of a container to eat, thus receiving its name. The most popular fast food restaurant was Wendy’s. Wendy’s became popular after an add that asked “Where’s the beef?” This referred to the poor ratio of bun to burger in other fast food restaurants . However, Wendy’s assured its customers that their product had a good amount of beef in their burger.

90’s Culture By: Anya Paiz

Culture in the 90’s was filled with colors and music. Everything from clothing to commercials shone with neon colors that stood out to the eye. Hairwise, the character Rachel from the hit show Friends inspired “The Rachel,” her signature hairstyle on the show which ("Jennifer Aniston millions of women Hated") copied worldwide. Some shoes that were very popular in the 90’s were Dr. Marten’s brand shoes, as well as rollerblades were very popular among pre-teens and teens. Accessory-wise, slap bracelets were a very ("Dr. Martens") popular thing to have among children, pre-teens and teenagers alike. The 90’s was also where the trend of wearing flannel on top of a t-shirt became popular among teenagers, a trend still popular today. Just as the iconic hairstyle was popular, the sitcom Friends was ("1990s")

loved by all, both back then and now.

Sports Buster Douglas Beats Mike Tyson At 10th Round On February 11,1990, when Buster Douglas knocked out Mike Tyson at the 10th Round it shocked America. Mike Tyson was well known as the “Iron Mike” and the “Baddest man on the planet” throughout all boxing divisions. But when Douglas hit a right- left- right- left, Tyson was down. This was when Douglas marked one of the sport’s biggest upset.

("EXCLUSIVE James 'Buster' Douglas: I Would Have Beaten Mike Tyson Even Better in a Rematch")

Jim Abbott throws a no hitter 24 years ago, Jim Abbott’s no hitter for the Yankees against the Cleveland Indians, makes it into the history books. Born without a right Abbott overcame his disability, becoming one of the best pitchers in colleges.

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The Way We Lived The 90’s are one of the decades with most advances economically and in technology. The cell phone was given life during the 1990’s when most people would own them. However, books became extremely popular including the large franchise of Borders. Coffee shops would be added to these bookstores, attracting more customers and more books were sold, including the famous children's series, Harry Potter written by J.K. Rowling. Amazon was also founded in the 90’s but they mostly sold books and was not a threat to retail.

with the idea to create retal movies which would prove to be a success up until 2010. Continuing, the picture industry also was found to be groundbreaking. Pictures could be found everywhere as the Kodaks were mostly used.

Because unemployment was low during the 90’s, in-home entertainment was big in the 90’s and had a lot of new family activities. Games such as M.A.S.H, fortune tellers, or family water gun fights. As a pastime for the older kids, skating would take place in public skate parks. “Skating” would include rollerskating or using the skateboard to go up and down the ramps with friends. As technology soared, CDs and Overall, the 1990’s thrived incredibly as the introduced DVDs were wildly unemployment was low and fun soared popular. Companies like Blockbusters high with iconic fashion trends and great came up economic improvements.

Government In the 1990s, the two most popular political parties, Democrats and Republicans, rejoiced with their victories as a canidate of each party was elected. First, from 1989 to 1993, George Herbert Walker Bush of the republican party was elected. He sereved a total of 4 years, or one presidential term. In both the House and the Senate, the Democratics still obtained the majority number. He was formaly Ronal Reaganâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vice presidet before his campaign for president. He lost the second election, however he maintained a 60% positive rating from Americans. Secondly, Bill Clinton of the democrat party was elected from 1993 to 2001. As a democrat as president, democrats still had the majority in both branches. He was the first president to have been impeached since Andrew Johnson in 1868. Bill Clinton was involved in the Whitewater affair. His presidency was terminated after he lied under oath after promising not to. His overall approval rating for all of his years as President also only went up to 60%.

Law and Justice By: Anya Paiz In the 1990’s, the first election took place in 1992. In 1992, Democratic Bill Clinton was elected with 370 electoral votes, beating Republican George H. W. Bush with his 168 electoral votes. He was later reelected in 1996, beating Republican Bob Dole, with 159 votes, to Clinton’s 379. Earlier in the decade, in 1990, George H. W. Bush was President. He passed the Immigration Act of 1990, stating that the number of ("Gendarme")

permanent visas given out each year

would go up, from 290,000 to 675,000. It also created the diversityvisa lottery, which gave 55,000 permanent visas to illegal immigrants from underserved countries. Later in 1996, Bill Clinton passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, laying out the government’s spending for the fiscal year 1997.

("George H. W. Bush")

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Foreign Affairs Affair with the Middle East: In early 1991 the United States was at war with Iraq with aircrafts, carriers, and 400,000 troops in the Persian Gulf. This all started when Saddam Hussein of Iraq invaded Kuwait on August 2,1990. When this happened,President George Bush ordered troops to protect Saudi Arabia. And when the UN asked Saddam to withdraw from Kuwait, but Saddam ignored. Thus Operation Desert Storm was implemented. On January 17,1991 the first airstrike was on Baghdad. Then five weeks later around 100 airstrikes with ground troops marching into Iraq and Kuwait on February 24. And five days later Saddam’s forces were defeated.

U.S. and Cuba: In 1993, the US tightens its embargo on Cuba, meaning a severe ban on trade with Cuba. Then, in 1994 Cuba signs an agreement with the U..S where the U.S. agreed to admit 20,000 Cubans annually and Cuba would stop the exodus of refugees(immigration refugee). Two years later, the embargo on Cuba becomes permanent because of Cuba’s action of shooting down two U.S. aircrafts. But then in 1998 the U.S. government decides to have fewer restrictions to let relatives in the U.S. to send money to those in Cuba. The last foreign affair with Cuba in the 90’s was in 1999. A cuban child Elian Gonzalez was separated from his parents when their boat capsized on the way to the U.S. After the incident, a huge campaign was help in Miami to prevent Elian from going back to Cuba.

Foreign Affairs Part 2 America in Namibia: The U.S. decided to help Namibia gain their independence and become a democratic country. The policy almost comes through in 1988 with an agreement to have a withdrawal of South African troops from Namibia and withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola. The process developed Namibia's first democratic election in 1989. Then finally in 1990, Namibia had gain their independence. Between trade, policy created, during the mid 1990s around 500 U.S. companies had direct investments in South Africa. With trading to be increasing. Than Washington and Pretoria made an agreement, United States South Africa Binational Commission to increase and improve communication and cooperation. There are six committees to investigate in agriculture, business, environment, and others. The relationship between the U.S and Southern Africa has increasingly become cooperative.

Domestic Affairs After the election of former Vice President George Herbert Walker Bush, Americans were not happy. The President decided to raise taxes in order to reduce deficit and congressâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spending which angered many americans since it went against his promises from his campaign. Eventually, the US suffered from a six-month recession where unemployment rate rose up 7.8% and was the highest since 1984. However, inflation and interest remained low. He then signed a bill that would hopefully be beneficial to the unemployed and it would also increase exports. Even the Savings and Loan

industry created a problem and Bush ended up paying $100 billion. Besides from all of bad luck that Bush had gotten so far, he successfully appointed two new conservative judges to the Supreme Court. Bush successfully passed three significant acts; Americans with Disabilities Act, the Clean Air Act Amendments and the Immigration Act which was all in 1990. After his term, Bush was thought to be really good at foreign policies and not as strong in domestic policies which is part of the reason why he lost reelection against Democrat Bill Clinton.

Domestic Affairs Pt. 2 After Bill Clinton was elected President, the economy soared with employment (3.85 million jobs) which set a record that yet had to be broken as of 2015. The first step as President was to better the nation’s healthcare system. There were high prices and impossible bills that needed to be paid by the aging baby boomers and their generation. He also wanted to lower unemployment, fund educational programs, welfare reform, and police protection in areas where there is a lot of crime. He also came up with the saying “Don’t ask; Don’t tell”.

This was used to the young people in the military who wanted to be accepted for their gender preferences. This later became very successful with many open Americans. Clinton attempted to pass a Health Care Reform which would hopefully be a full package of universal healthcare for the whole country. Congress at the moment couldn’t go through with it so it was put off to a later date which would hurt Clinton politically. Besides from his failed healthcare plan, he and his Vice President created an average of 240,000 jobs per month which is a presidential record.

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Education During the 1990’s, though a parent’s major concern would be the children’s education, but a major topic was their safety and protection in school. What lead to this idea of protection was the massive numbers of shootings in schools across the nation.

An example of a shooting was on February 26, 1992 in Brooklyn, New York at the Thomas jefferson High School, Tyrone Sinkler and Ian Moore were shot and killed by 15 year old Kahil Sumpter. After many shootings, the schools added metal detectors, police presence, locker searches, and funds were added to help upgrade the security in schools. But part of the topic of safety, funds were also given for the improvement of learning.

Around 40 million children had low scores on standardized tests making the parents lean onto homeschooling or charter schools. But the first ever charter school in America was the CIty Academy High Schools located in St. Paul, 1992. Fast forwarding to 1996, illegal immigrants also wanted an equal education for their children but since they were illegal immigrants President Clinton signed an act into law. The Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 on September 30th states, that in-states are prohibited to offer higher education benefits to 21 those who are undocumented.

“Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” Book Review By: Anya Paiz In 1997, the first book in the magnificent seven-book series Harry Potter was released: Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. It was a book that took the world by storm. One of the most famous lines in the first chapter of that book, said by Professor McGonagall, goes, “Every child in our world will know his name,” and sure enough, that sentence came true both in this world as in the world of Harry Potter. J.K. Rowling, a British author, got the idea for the story on a delayed train in England in 1990. From there, the story blossomed in a series of scraps of paper with scribbled ideas on them. From cover to cover, the book is filled with elegantly written sentences and descriptions that paint a detailed picture in the mind of the reader. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone has readers howling with laughter, weeping with both joy and sadness, and biting their nails off out of fear, all within the first few chapters. J.K. Rowling has a way of writing that always makes it seem like she is foreshadowing something later on in the story. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone was the beginning of one of the best selling series of all time, not to mention one of the highest grossing set of films in history. As the readers learn more and more about the boy who lived, every new detail discovered and every new room entered makes a finger turn a page. 22

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Celebrity Gossip ! President Clinton & Monica Lewinsky: Starting in 1995 White House Intern Monica Lewinsky age 22 began a sexual relationship with President Bill Clinton. But during the affair, Lewinsky had told her defence department co-worker, Linda Tripp about the relationship. Trip had then secretly recorded their telephone conversations. Soon in 1998 on the Drudge Report, the affair between Lewinsky and Clinton become public. But as any person would say, Clinton denied the accusations a White House press conference. In July 1998 Lewinsky had a grand jury testament about her relationship with President Clinton. He then confessed about he affair on broadcast television nationwide. Later in Lewinsky's life she became an American TV

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