QNM Magazine
Table of Contents Sports……………………….…………..2 The Way We Lived……….……………3 Foreign Affairs…….…………………...4 Foreign Affairs………………………....5 Domestic Affairs……………………….7 Domestic Affairs……………………….8 Education……………………………...10 Music…………………………...……...12 Government and Politics………...…..13 Gossip……………………….……..….15 Culture……………………..………….16
Table of Contents Law and Justice……………………...17 Food…..……………………………....18 Films…………………………………..20 Book Review……………….………...21 Fashion……………………...………..23 Game………………………………….24
Sports
2
In the 1980s Sports such as football, baseball, basketball, and boxing were very popular. Joe Montana who was one of the best quarterbacks ever started playing in this decade. Also Mike Tyson, one of the most feared boxers of all time, started boxing in this decade. During the 1980s the San Francisco 49ers won the super bowl 3 times. Also the Raiders won the superbowl 2 times. Also during the 1980s the best soccer players ever, Diego Maradona, started playing. Also in 1980 the Moscow Olympics were boycotted by many countries because The countries boycotted it because of the Cold War and also because the Russians were communist.
Way We Lived 3 In the 80s it was socially acceptable to smoke in restaurants and bars. Before people were allowed to drink while driving and it would be seen as normal. Also the 1980s is when people started expressing themselves more and more. People could watch ESPN, a sports program, 24 hours a day. Shows such as nickelodeon also could have been watched for 24 hours. CNN also could be watch 24 hours a day which allowed people to catch up on news any time they wanted to. Music Television or MTV started and people like Madonna and Michael Jackson became stars. The VCR also allowed people in the 80s to record their shows.
Foreign Affairs 4 An important element in recent European criticism of U.S. foreign policy is the claim that neither the Administration nor its critics has presented a coherent strategy for the decade of the 1980s. Europeans suggest that American statements on foreign policy have stressed the value of good personal relations, the importance of goodwill, and the desirability of shared aims, but have offered little in the way of practical guidelines as to how we should deal with the growing power of the Soviet Union. These critics describe the erratic nature of U.S. policy to the lack of a sound strategic concept. They are not, however, much happier on this score with the Administration's domestic critics than with the Administration.
Foreign Affairs
5
In the 1980s the Reagan Administration rose and started to combat communism. The Foreign policy of the Reagan administration was the foreign policy of the US from 1981 to 1989. The main goal of the administration was to win the Cold War and also stop the spread of communism. This was achieved in Eastern Europe in 1989 and also in 1991 when the Soviet Union fell. As a part of the policies that became known as the Reagan Doctrine, the US offered financial support to the anti communist opposition in central Europe.
Domestic Affairs 7 The Reagan administration raised taxes in 1982 and 1984. His federal budget still was not balanced, however, and Reagan's advisers contemplated other measures to increase revenues. In 1984, the Treasury Department began pulling together a proposal that would lower corporate and individual tax rates but broaden the federal government's tax base by closing loopholes that allowed individuals and corporations to avoid taxes. This plan emerged as the essence of Reagan's tax reform proposal, which he made public in May 1985 by calling for "fairness, growth, and simplicity" in the tax code. Individuals and corporations facing the loss of their loopholes complained. But several factors favored its passage.First, Reagan's political advisers believed that tax reform could serve as the second term's domestic policy. Second, the Baker-Regan job switch actually sped reform along. Regan, the originator of the plan, was now in the White House where he made sure the President stayed focused and supportive of tax reform. At the same time, Baker, from Treasury, used his political skills to sell the program to Congress. Finally, the tax reform proposal won public support.
Domestic
8 Affairs
Reagan's goals were not particularly helpful to African Americans and women. The Reagan administration opposed abortion. Many Americans were also displeased with Reagan's denial of the drug abuse problems in the country and with AIDS that was spreading rapidly throughout the US. Reagan also cut the funding from many social welfare programs including food stamp programs, and other programs to help mothers and kids. In Reagan's first few years, the government cut welfare program spending by over $20 billion a year. Government taxes could not equal up to the amount of money spent every year so the government was forced to borrow money, because of this the national debt skyrocketed to about 1 trillion.
Education
10
Throughout the 1980’s,"schools don't make a difference." is a phrase that passed through the minds of many. People questioned what was the necessity of children studying foreign languages or anything else they don't choose on their own. They wondered why not make diplomas easier to acquire, since they are needed to get jobs? Following the Ronald Reagan election, goals for schools were to abolish the Education Department and promote prayer in the schools and tuition tax credits. Secretary of Education, Terrel H. Bell, appointed the National Commission on Excellence in Education in August 1981, with the purpose to examine the quality of education in the United States.
Music
12
The 1980’s was an iconic decade for music. Some of the biggest stars were Madonna, Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston and Prince.They showed talent that had not been seen since the 60’s, like Elvis Presley. Older celebrities from earlier decades such as Diana Ross, Cher, Lionel Richie, Tina Turner and Paul McCartney began their career as soloists. This was also the year of “one hit wonders”. With the amount of popular music of the era, it was a difficult time for people to recreate the fame the once had. Songs such as "Take On Me" and Soft Cell's "Tainted Love," are two examples of this .
Government and Politics
13
The 80’s were filled of events that shaped present day government. For one, the fall of the Berlin wall was a big event occurring 1989. Politics in the 1980's was revolved around democracy and communism. The economy was a highlighted part of Reagan's presidency. His desire was to reduce growth of government spending, reduce income tax, capital gains tax, control the money supply to reduce inflation, and reduce government regulation. In 1986, a political scandal about the United States selling arms to Iran while Iran was under an arms embargo. This is called the Iran-Contra Affair
Gossip
15
Olympic Boycott: The United States boycotted the Summer Olympics of 1980 all because of its location. The games were taking place in the Soviet capital of Moscow and the USSR had refused President Jimmy Carter's call to abandon the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
The Death of a Legend On December 8th, 1980, John Lennon was shot dead. The english musician and former Beatles star was murdered by Mark David Chapman in the archway of the Dakota, his residence in New York City
Culture People who lived in the 80’s know that it was both one of the best and worst eras the world has ever faced. As for fashion, everything was neon and bright. Color and pattern combinations were rather oddly paired together. The movie business was very successful, with content on the screen for every age group. SUmmer of 1981, the movie “Superman II” came out. It grossed over $100 million. Most critics raved about how amazing the film was, even calling it better than the first one. The Summer of 1982 was the release of E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. The movie earned $300 million at US box offices. In 1984, Ghostbusters, starring Bill Murray and Dan Aykroyd, hit the big screen. This film earned over $200 million becoming the most successful U.S. comedy of all time.
16
Law and Justice
17
The Immigration Reform and Control Act was created in 1986. It legalized aliens who had resided in the United States in an unlawful status, did not allow employers to hire, recruit, or refer illegal immigrants to work in the United States. It also created a classification of temporary agricultural work that they can legally do. The final thing this act did was create a visa waiver pilot program made to allow the admission of nonimmigrants without visas. In 1980, the The Refugee Act was passed. A refugee is a person who flees his their country and refugees are seen in a different category than immigrants. This act allows a maximum number of refugees allowed into the U.S. The act also lowers the annual limit of immigrants to 270,000, when it was previously 290,000.
Food
18
1980 was an era full of easy accessible foods like frozen and packaged foods. Popular foods eaten back then are still around today like cool ranch Doritos and Totino's pizza rolls. A lot of the foods were also aimed towards children such as jaw breakers. These are huge hard balls of sugary candy that were known to essentially break your jaw if you bit into them. Other popular foods for kids were gushers, artificially flavored fruit snacks that are meant to explode with goo when you bite into them. Also Orange Julius, a creamy citrus orange juice. And not to forget about Tri Colored Pasta, the squiggly noodles that were colored peach, pistachio and off white. Lastly, a risky food of the 80,s was called Equal which was a sugar substitute. Although this fake sugar may not make you gain weight it actually slowly killed consumers with its toxins. 80’s foods were fun and exciting and maybe even a little dangerous.
Film
20
The 1980’s were a gold mine for movies. Classics still commonly watched today were released in this decade. One movie that really represents the 80’s is the breakfast club. This outstanding film is about 5 kids in high school from different social groups all in detention. As the movie continues they become closer and begin helping each other out and bending the rules together. Another popular movie is Back to the Future, about a seventeen year old boy named Marty Mcfly who is accidentally sent 30 years into the past using a time machine created by a close friend of his, Doc Brown. Lastly, a movie that is so admired that it was remade by Paul Feig with famous actors like Melissa Mccarthy and Kristen Wiig, ghostbusters. This film was released in 1984 about former parapsychology professors who set up a shop for ghost removal services.
Book Review: Number the Stars
21
Number the Stars by Lois Lowry is a touching novel about the lives of Jews during the Holocaust. Two close families are separated because one was a jewish family and one was catholic. The jews were forced to sneak out of Denmark to Sweden in order to survive. The novel is tear jerking and really emphasizes on the hardships of jews during this period and the love of friendship and family. I completely recommend this novel for people of all ages although for anyone younger than 12 it might be difficult to comprehend. Overall i give this novel 5\5 stars.
Fashion
23
The 80’s is very commonly recognized for its peculiar fashion and bright accessories. Nude colors like brown, tan and oranges were very popular in clothing. Dressing like a tennis player was considered very fashionable. Among younger girls loud neon makeup and teased hair was the thing. Reebok and Nike were two very popular brands and were in battle but Michael Jordan drive Nike to win that Battle. Every kid seemed to have a pair of air Jordan's and a Chicago bulls baseball cap. For both men and women the waste lines were put a little high. Among women Cosby sweaters were very popular. These were big baggy sweaters that dated back to a more conservative time. Famous people also had a big effect on the fashion. Cyndi Lauper was a great example of this, the dresses she wore affected women's fashion completely. These dresses were crazy and had a huge range. A lot of them were neon with big tutu skirts. Reds were also very common in her wardrobe with strapless long poof. For men they were very influenced by Zach Morris from saved by the bell with his classic jeans with a colorful shirt or jacket or long sleeve rolled up halfway up the arm. Over all the 80’s was a fashion decade that should never be forgotten.
Citations
"Number the Stars." SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 23 May 2017.
Google Search. Google, n.d. Web. 23 May 2017.
"10 Recipes That Defined the 1980s." Kitchn. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 May 2017.
Zimmer, Erin. "Top Ten Uniquely '80s Foods." Serious Eats. N.p., 09 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2017.
Editorial: Law and Order in the 1980s. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 May 2017. Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 23 May 2017.
Algoo, Jennifer. "The Best 1980s Fashion Moments To Relive in Photos." Harper's BAZAAR. Harper's BAZAAR, 25 Apr. 2017. Web. 23 May 2017.
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1981-03-01/us-soviet-relations-strategy -80s