Area Development Plan - Environmental Assessment - MTIP Studio - Sem I

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS – LAND, AIR & WATER Lithology:

GRANITES

Ground Water Conditions:

GNEISSES

SCHISTS

DOLERITES

Ground water occurrence, movement and recharge to aquifers are controlled by the degree of weathering, fracture pattern, geomorphological setup and rainfall. Granites and Gneisses of peninsular gneissic group constitute major aquifers in the area. The depth of the bore wells in the area ranges from 100 to 200 m. The depth to water level ranges from ~4.0 m bgl (below ground level) in the areas located near to Hussain sagar and weathered zone areas, to more than 50 m bgl, especially in the granitic outcrop areas . The ground water yields generally range from < 1.0 lps to 3.0 lps, with some instances even >5.0 lps post monsoon.

AMPHIBOLITE

Inference: Archean granite available here is one among the cheapest and affordable quality of granite available in India (₹80/-sft). Utilization of local materials: means to drastically reduce the environmental impact of construction, creates a much smaller carbon footprint, Soil Characteristics: soil is mainly composed of Red Laterite soil with different shades of red color depending on the degree of oxidation due to subsoil drainage. It also varies from finely pulverized soil to coarse grained or stony upland soil. Mostly it is sandy; being poor in clay. It is generally poor in fertility but easily responds to manuring.

05 metres – Top Soil

COMPARISION OF GROUND WATER LEVELS AT DIFFERENT PIEZOMETER STATIONS OF CGWB IN HYDERABAD

10 metres – Sub Soil

05 metres – Weathered rock Bed Rock

Inferences : It is suited for quick maturing rainy season crops only. usually have very high percolation rates, measured in the range of 1 to 8 inches or more per hour. That means sandy soils dry out very quickly, heat up very quickly and do not hold nutrients for very long..

Air Quality Dataset used : Alaskan Satellite Facility DAAC 2015, ALOS PALSAR_ Radiometric_ Terrain_ Corrected_High_res; DEM in ArcGIS

As per World Air Quality Report ranking the top polluted cities in the world, Hyderabad was ranked 249th in the world and 68th in India, 2020.

The details of the Air Quality index during the years 2010-2020

Physiographical Features

Solid granite

PM 2.5

210

Very poor

PM 10

131

Moderate

NO2

93

Moderate

SO2

32

Good

CO

1.7

Satisfactory

O3

56

Satisfactory

GROUND WATER LEVELS OF KAIRATABAD

(piezometer located at RTO office, Khairtabad; Based on CGWB Data, Gaps indicate no data)

Biomass Burning

Road Dust

Cement

Category

AQI Index : MODERATE (101 – 200) Breathing discomfort to Lung & Heart Disease, children and Old adults

Secondary pollutants

Khairtabad comprises of Archaean granites and gneisses comprising older metamorphic peninsular migmatites. These geological features protect this region from seismic hazards(zone-II) but also adversely impacts on the success rate of Bore wells which is 3 out of 10 in Khairtabad are success due to presence of older metamorphic rocks.

Pollutant

Annual Avg (μg/m3)

COAL & DG SETS

Geology:

Semi weathered

Fracture zone with drilling discharge lps

VEHICLES

Khairtabad area forms an upland area with general slope towards Hussain Sagar Lake in the North-east. The elevation steeply increase in the western direction towards Jubilee Hills. The general elevation is in the range of 515 to 545 m above mean sea level. Because of the massive urbanization the geomorphological settings and landforms in the area are getting diminished by the high level construction activity.

Weathered soil

Source: TSPCB – SANATHNAGAR - CAAQMS

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ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS – VEGETATION & WATER BODIES Biodiversity inventory of Hussain Sagar Lake and parks nearby of Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (2017) states that the lake supports several species of microorganisms, migratory and resident birds, freshwater fishes, reptiles, amphibians and other aquatic creatures, and several species of aquatic and terrestrial flora.

BIODIVERSITY INVENTORY OF KHAIRTABAD FLORA

MICRO-ORGANISMS

103 -NATIVE

3 Phytoplanktons

14 -ALIEN

30 ZooPlanktons

FAUNA Butterflies

Reptiles

Dragonflies

Fishes

Damselflies

Birds

Amphibians

Mammals

70 MLD INFLOW KUKATPALLY NALA

►Constructed in 1562 AD for irrigation needs 5 MLD STP ►Drinking water source from 1884 to 1930. ►Max. water spread area of lake = 5.6 Sq. km 2 MLD INFLOW YOUSAF. ►Present Water spread area @ FTL = 4.7 Sq. km NALA ►Shore line length = 14 km 10 MLD INFLOW BANJARA ►Volume of Lake at spill level = 27.18 Mcum NALA HUSSAIN SAGAR ►Average depth at full capacity = 5.02 m LAKE ►Full Tank Level (FTL) = 513.43 M BALKAPUR NALA ►Inflow: 49 mld (Dry season) to 245 mld (Rainy)

WATERSHED DELINEATION

6 MLD INFLOW PICKET NALA

External – Point Source :

External – Non - Point Source:

Internal:

• Raw sewage through nalas • Industrial effluents through Kukatpally Nala • Solid Waste Dumping in Nalas

BOWENPALLY

NEREDMET

Surplus Outlet at Marriot

Surplus Outlet at Liberty

YOUSAFGUDA DATA USED:CARTOSAT BHUVAN ARCHIVES

Basin area: 240.7 Sq. Km

HMDA CLEANING INITIATIVES: ❑ High Jet Fountains are installed to improve the dissolved oxygen content in the lake,. ❑ 6.4 lakh cubic meters of sediments in the lake bed at the mouths of (3) Nalas have been dredged out with the objective of further improving the water quality in 2020

• Dried Flower and Garlands – Puja material • Commercial Establishments, Slums, • Visitors, Tourists etc.

• Immersion of Ganesh and Durga Idols • Nutrient rich sediments in the lake

NDVI - POST MONSOON 2020

JEEDIMETLA

KUKATPALLY

SANAT NAGAR

15 MLD INFLOW

SOURCES OF POLLUTION

PRAGATI NAGAR

30 MLD STP

20 MLD STP

VEGETATION ANALYSIS NDVI - POST MONSOON 2013

INFLOWS & OUTFLOWS

HUSSAINSAGAR LAKE- BACKGROUND

5 POINT - REVAMPED SYSTEM OF HUSSAINSAGAR CLEANING BY HMDA: Floating material and Shoreline Cleaning

Stoppage & Treatment of Inflows with Interception & Diversions , STP Improvement in quality of lake water through Dredging of Sediments ,Aeration , Oxidation Protection of Lakes and Nalas in Catchment Areas

Public Awareness / Peoples Participation /Peoples Movement

Before idol After Idol Immersion Immersion

Water Quality Parametres

IS:10500

pH

7.8

6.1

6.5 to 8.5

EC (mS/cm)

0.65

3.1

3

6.12

3.09

5-6mg/l

2.81 355.1 242.3 1.47 54.3 50.9 140.9 0.9 1.2 2.7 2 35.2 39.7

5.2 860 559.2 2.5 56.9 110.2 190.7 2.98 5.9 6.3 6.9 69.6 89.9

30 250 200 45 150 250 300 0.001 0.01 0.1 0.05 1.5 10

Dissolved Oxygen BOD COD Alkalinity Nitrates Sulphate Chlorides Hardness Hg Cd Pb Cr Cu Zn

Source: TSPCB – NOV, 2020

Dying Lake

IMPRACTICAL CLEAN UP PLAN

URBAN BIO-DIVERSITY

Hussain Sagar has shrunk by 40% over last 30 (550ha to 349ha) years. Instead of runoff water, it is now mostly fed by drains

2,20,000 trucks each of 25 tonne capacity would be needed to remove 4.4 million cu.m of sludge over four years

22.7 billion litres Of water needs to be pumped out. For this, water has to be removed round the clock for 50 days using pumps of 1,800 HP Capacity

10 days

Of continuous rainfall in the monsoon can refill the lake. This is less likely as the region has lately faced rainfall deficit.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & PROPOSALS : ISSUES CONCERNING HUSSAIN SAGAR LAKE WATER QUALITY

URBAN BIO-DIVERSITY ISSUE: 1. Reports of attacks by stray dogs are becoming frequent in Khairtabad Area especially on the necklace road. Leading to large number of vehicle accidents result from collision with or avoidance of dogs. Hyderabad doesn’t even have good veterinary doctors or hospitals to handle the sterilization and vaccination, the second biggest virus problem of India.

2. Rising pigeon population in the city could pose health threats to citizens, a few ornithologists are stressing on the need to control the pigeon population here as close association with pigeons could result in pulmonary disorders, besides fungal, bacterial and viral infections.

Solution: Mass-killing, enhance infrastructure for sterilization & vaccination, Efficient MSW management to counter issue of Stray Dogs and Increased awareness in public not to feed Pigeons

GROUND WATER ISSUE: Ground water levels are depleting at the rate of 0.10 metres per annum and the augmented depth of bore pumps reaching 200 metres leads to increased salinity, hardness and fluoride content in ground water extracts.

Proposal: ❑ Enforcing mandatory rain water harvesting & ground water recharge pits for every property. ❑ Encourage Banyan, peepal & Arjun Trees ❑ Stream augmentation technique in which Seepage from natural stream increased By series of check dams across stream With sufficient thickness of permeable bed.

ISSUE: Hussain Sagar Lake suffered continuously for decades from the sewage flowing from four nalas, Except pH value, all the other water quality parameters are not complying with CPCB standards. ❑ Accumulated Plaster of Paris & material discourages water to infiltrate and increased silt decreases the full tank level capacity. ❑ Present practice of controlling on site pollution levels does not cater for all the inlets of lake ❑ Hefty foul smell & Presence of Heavy metals leading to increase in toxicity of water. ❑ Chemical nutrients are so high that they are contributing to algal bloom.

LAKE REJUVENANTION

STEP 01. CLEAN THE LAKE Before tackling enhancements and the creation of public space, the water quality requires resolution. This involves redirecting foul water, aerating the lake, increasing capacity within the interceptor system and improving sanitation and public health infrastructure in the immediate catchment around the lake. This will not only improve the quality of the lake, but critically reduce the risk and impact of disease and enhance the quality of life of citizens

AIR POLLUTION ISSUE: The emissions inventory and air quality modeling clearly show that PM2.5 emissions emanate primarily from transportation sources for the Khairtabad area .

RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Affordable & COVID safe public transit infrastructure

2.Segregation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic and synchronization of traffic signals on all the junctions.

3. Publicity & training for better maintenance of vehicle and proper driving habits for 2stroke Vehicles 4. Mandatory upgradation to CNG of autos and other para-transit.

5. Promoting and incentivizing Fuel-efficient hybrid and electric vehicles

A. BIO-REMEDIATION :

The most economic Natural remedial techniqueBioremediation, a treatment that usues naturally occurring organisms to break down hazarbous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances.

B. Two-Size Idol System

The bigger idol can call as ‘Utsav Murthy’ which is made of plaster of paris (PoP)/ fibre glass/cotton/paper pulp/cloth etc. The smaller idol is called as ‘Pooja Murthy’ made of shadoo (clay) and the same can get dissolved easily in the water.

C.Immersion of Idols in Artificial Ponds or temporary artificial water tanks near the surroundings of the lake of size: 20 x 10 x 21/2ft, exclusively for immersion of idols

D.ADVANCED PHOTO OXIDATION PROCESS The APOP-system is able to eliminate pathogenic micro-organisms and endocrine disruptors from wastewater.

The principle in the system is that light from ultraviolet lamps is able to destroy mechanisms inside bacteria and remove chemical substances from wastewater with use of oxidants, e.g. ozone or chloride dioxide.

LOW CAPITAL COST & LOW OPERATION COST - 40 PAISA PER M3 WASTEWATER

E.RO-BOAT TECHNOLOGY ❑ Work autonomously with minimal human intervention ❑ Equipped with fog lights and a pan-tilt zoom camera, making capable of 24×7 operations in all weather conditions ❑ Also has solar panels battery and twin propeller engine that helps it to navigate while consuming less power. ❑ Completely submerge in the river to pull out the pollutants settled on the riverbed. ❑ Practicality, with 12 hours of operation per day, this gadget can clean up 600 KG OF WASTE A DAY, OR NEARLY 200 TONNES OF WASTE A YEAR.

F.SUBMERGED BUBBLE AERATION

❑ TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) REDUCTION UP TO 97% & CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REMOVAL UP TO 85% ❑ Low-cost operation and maintenance, Designed for ease of installation and use ❑ Biochemical oxygen demand reduction and removal, Odor and algae control

PROPOSALS : HUSSAIN SAGAR LAKE BEAUTIFICATION STEP 02: REVITALIZE THE LAKE

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Cleaning the lake unlocks the public realm around it. Now its time to attract people by fabricating Gateways, spaces and network of walkways. Beautifully constructed and robustly detailed, these create connections across the lake. New public spaces will include I. A UNIQUE WETLAND LANDSCAPE, II. A BUSTLING COMMUNITY HUB, AND III. A WATERFRONT LANDSCAPE. I. Boat trips II. Shopping III. Restaurants IV. Parks V. Parking lots VI. Walk ways VII. Sitouts

Surrounded by highways and with no dedicated pedestrian or cycle infrastructure, Hussain Sagar sits disconnected from the contextual urban setting. Hence we need to overcome these barriers using green infrastructure communities - public transport.

This aspect focuses different age groups of people and different modes of transit.

I. GENDER SENSITIVE, WOMEN SAFETY, II. PHYSCALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS PROVISIONS III. CHILDREN KIDS PLAY AREA IV. OLD AGE PERSONS V. CULTURAL & CLIMATE ADAPT

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A separate autonomous body HLPF – Hussain Sagar Lake Protection Front, an NGO kind organization constituting members of local leaders, Municipal Town Planning & Engineering Section and Universities nearby along with some local community. As any environmental plan will not be success without a behavioral change and the participation of the local community. This HLPF can conduct to raise awareness of: I. Educational Hoardings, Website & social media awareness II. Posters depicting Flora and Fauna, An Annual Lake Festival III. Posters and pamphlets depicting destructiveness of untreated effluents on lake and its biodiversity, Nature Interpretation Centre IV. Weekly or monthly marathon runs

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STEP 03: ASSOCIATE THE LAKE WITH THE CITY & PUBLIC

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STEP 04: CIVIC AND GOVERNANCE

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BENEFITS OF HUSSAIN SAGAR LAKE FRONT DEVELOPMENT

The benefits and advantages of developing water front are manifold ranging from economic benefits, environmental benefits to social/ community benefits. ❑ creation of jobs , Source of revenue for government ❑ commercial activities include shops, restaurants, sport activities, transportation, boating etc ❑ Development of tourism in the region – offering a variety of attractions like water sports, entertainment arenas, parks, shopping areas, etc. ❑ Economic spin-off’s –rise in the value of properties in and around the region, acting as a catalyst for redevelopment and renewal of nearby places. ❑ Habitat protection and restoration ❑ Conservation of water in the lake ❑ Human /Environmental connections ❑ Conservation of flora and fauna ❑ Beautification of the waterfront with a natural outlook will provide the general public with an open space for leisure and recreation. ❑ Encouraging recreational activities like walking, jogging, biking, sports activities, etc. ❑ Improving quality of life of nearby community by revitalizing the neighborhood

STEP 05: MEANINGFUL INFRASTRUCTURE Beyond providing an exciting and attractive public realm, we have to consider the whole green and blue infrastructure of the whole catchment for a long and durable lake conservation plan of Hussain Sagar.

In developing detailed Hussain sagar lake rejuvenation & beautification, It is required that the delivery of meaningful infrastructure that delivers social, economic and environmental benefits.

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