PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM PLANNING As a part of Design based proposals for the Studio exercise APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION A CASE OF VIJAYAWADA PreparedGURURAJAby: MTIP2200600053T.S.SEMESTER II Transportation Planning Studio Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE NEED AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 01 INTEGRATION OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING & IMPROVING CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC TRANSPORT RIDERSHIP & NMT Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) is emerging as one of the most sustainable, popular and attractive public transport modes throughout the world. Bicycles are made available to multiple users (on a sharing basis) for short duration trips, offering an option of returning them at different destinations., posing maximum flexibility with minimum liability. Last mileTransit stopFirst mile TT 0.1 ECS X 10 1 ECS 56%-72% Of the trips in medium and large cities are short trips (<5km) When travelling in peak hour, it takes Bicycle reduces travel time to half 25 min 12 min & ConsumptionFuel MaintenancechargesTaxexpensesInfrastructurecost 1. FIRST & LAST MILE BENEFITSCONNECTIONSOFPUBLICBICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM NEED FOR THE PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM: 2.SPACE SUFFICIENCY 3.ELIMINATE EXPENSES 5.REDUCE OVER CROWDING .AFFORDABILITY 6.ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ₹80 RICKSHAW ₹50 AUTO ₹20 SHARED AUTO ₹3 BICYCLE SHARING DEMAND ESTIMATION OF PBS SERVICE IN VIJAYAWADA TRIP DISTRIBUTION BASED ON MODE AND DISTANCE OF VIJAYAWADA: 250000200000150000100000500000 CYCLE WALK IPT BUS 2W CAR >8KM5-8KM3-5KM2-3KM1-2<1KMKM Source: CMP Vijayawada 1-5 km >1 km 1-3 km 0-3 km HIGHEST PROBABLE USERS
This approach is based on
The first approach estimation based
the modal shift estimations i.e., probability of people who are likely to shift to the new system. In a PBS system short trip makers have the highest willingness to shift, considering distance and ranges that have the highest probability to shift to PBS over their existing mode of commuting.
uses the optimum station density as the primary parameter for determining system size. This approach is intended to ensure a network coverage and density that increases the viability of using the system. Demand
on PBS Guidance document (MoHUA) suggests: ➢ 10-15 stations per sq.km of PBS influence area with 10 Bicycles/Station ➢ 61.88 Sq.kms Vijayawada requires 621 PBS stations & 6200 cycles ➢ i.e. 5 Bicycles per 1000 population is derived by approach. Approach 1 – Minimum Station Density: Approach 2 – Minimum Mode Shift: Based on various insights from Successful PBS projects in India, the major demand assessment strategies followed are:.
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE DEMAND ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 02 nosl PARAMETRE (SourceVALUE:CMP) ESTIMATEDDEMAND 1 Total Daily Trips (Population x per capita trip rate) 1240020*1.3 1612026 2 Total trips made by walk, cycle, IPT & Transit 17.5% + 7.7% +10.7% + 22.2% =58.1% 936587 3 Trips made by walk(>500m), Cycle, IPT & Public Transit that are shorter than 3km 55% 515123 4 Targeted Users (15-40 years age) 55% males & 28% females = 42% of whole 216352 5 Frequency of trips made daily 63% 136302 7 Peak Hour Demand (of Total Daily Trips) 9% 12267 PBS Full Demand of Vijayawada City 12267 ➢ Total Population 1240020/ PBS Demand of Whole City 12267 means ➢ i.e., 10 Bicycles per 1000 population is derived by this approach. 1.ESTIMATED PBS DEMAND IN VIJAYAWADA: 2.PHASED PBS DEMAND ESTIMATION FOR SELECTED STRETCHES: ► Emphasizing on Integration of PBS with Bus Transit, all the public bus stops are considered as primary Docking stations which can lodge 20 bicycles/docking station located for every 300 metres. Within 5.15 sq.kms of Service area, 81,797 population require 818 bicycles SERVICE AREA MAP OF PBS DOCKING STATIONS AT TRANSIT STOPS: Stretchname (inLengthkm) (~300m)servicearea Popula-tion demandBicyle offRoundedBicyclesdemand RequirePBSDocks asstationsTransitdocks docksSecondarytositeinside MG road 4.1 km 1.87 sq.km 30238 302 300 15 13 2 Eluru road 6.7 km 2.56 sq.km 41942 419 420 21 14 7 ITI road 1.2 km 0.72 sq.km 9617 96 100 05 4 1 5.15 sq km 81797 818 820 40 31 10 Determining Station Location Criteria: • 10 Cycles/1000 pop • 10 PBS stations per square km • 20 cycles/ station – (medium sized) • 300-400m gap as max. consecutive station distance • near transit stops & • near Intersections, 100m X 100m Fishnet grid Approach: Network Analysis Tool using Arcmap
in improving last mile connectivity as
cycle sharing can
Through this, Public play role well be ideal
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SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING DOCKING STATIONS ALLOCATION T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 03 Entrance/Exit of Transit stationsSpace requirement of docking. Adjacent to NMT infrastructure Transportation Infrastructure (Under Flyovers / Footbridges) Sidewalks near intersections On street parking spaces 3.STATION PLACEMENT ALONG SELECTED STRETCHES Source: PBS Guidance Document MoHUA 20 24 m (MediumPBS)size
as modal share of cycling in Vijayawada .Influence zoning finds areas to
PBS service in BZA. DETERMINING STATION DESIGN BASED ON LEVEL OF AUTOMATION Fully Automated: • constraints)Beam(spaceor bollard • Fixed or modular Semi- Automated: • station kiosk with cycle racks or caged • Fixed or modular Manual: • Station kiosk with cycle racks or caged • Fixed or modular Bicycle station Sign automatedin or Kiosk help Check Out Ride Check in
to improve NMT infrastructure. INFLUENCE AREA OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING:
Above map shows, the extent to where a PBS user can take his Cycle. Generally Trips less than 800m tend to walk, as High probability of potential cycle user are those who travel >1km to <3 5km. Hence feeder PBS Dock stations and cycling infrastructure needs to be improvised in this zone. and Spoke model can be adaptive future whole
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE DESIGNING OF CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 04 1. Corner refuge island 2. Forward stop line 3. Setback crossing by extending the curb Protected Cycle Facilities at Intersections 4. DESIGNING OF CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE a. Conventional Bicycles b. Tricycles, Cycle-Rickshaws c. Cargo Bikes , Cycle Trucks VARIATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Cycle Facilities at Transit Stops Cycle Track Behind Boarding Island Cycle Track on Bus Bulb Cycle Lane Behind Boarding Island SUITABILITY SUITABILITY SUITABILITY globaldesigningcities.orgSource: Clear unobstructed cycling zone at least of width 2m for one way movement and at least 3m for two way movement with vertical clearance of 2.4 m. Colored surface treatment is recommended to improve the visibility of the bicycle operating area. Proper gradient should be maintained with provision of storm water drains to avoid water logging. It is preferable that continuity of cycle tracks be maintained across road junctions by using appropriate techniques. Recommended Levels Footpath: Level +150 mm Cycle Track: Level +100 mm; Carriageway Level: 00mm NACTO&1962IRCSource:11 Cycle facilities should be designed for diverse vehicles and riders, for children on small tricycles, and people carrying goods in big cargo bikes, as well as cycle-rickshaws and pedicabs.
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE DESIGN PROPOSALS OF PBS SYSTEM T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 06 FINANCIAL VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM IN VIJAYAWADA PBS GUIDING ELEMENTS Based on PBS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT MoHUA BASE DESIGN OF CYCLE Source: Pune cycle Plan BASE DESIGN OF PBS DOCK STATION Front elevation of Design Option in 3D Source: Public Bike Sharing Scheme for Bhopal 3D views of PBS Docks with vertical advertisement panel:Placement of proposed PBS docking stations adjacent or behind bus stops Medium Sized (20) Dimensions: length: 24m Width:2.5m Height:3.3 m 650 s.ft Adv Area Integration of PBS Docking Stations with Public Transit: designmodernExistingofBusshelterinVijayawada
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PBS 07T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 BASE YEAR 2021 Base Fare (first 1 hours) ₹ 5.00 Annual Fare Revision of 24 hour flat fare ₹ 40.00 Average Productive usage hours 8 hours PROPOSED PBS FLEET Demand Phase.1ELURUROAD Phase.2M.G.ROAD Phase.3 ROADITI Total number of cycles 420 300 100 Total stationsdocking 21 15 5 Towing Vans 5 3 1 Manpower Security Guard (2 shifts)+5% additional 45 32 11 Managerial Staff 5 4 2 CAPITAL COST ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON MARKET RATES Per Unit Cost (Rs.) Remarks Bicycles + ITS installation Cost ₹ 15,000 10 % price hike subsequent of base year Dock Stations +Automatic Ticket Vending Machine cost ₹ 6,00,000 Towing Vans (Redistribution vehicles) Cost ₹ 7,00,000 Marketing costs ₹ 10,00,000 1st year ₹ 5,00,000 Subsequent years ITS & Contingency Charges 25% of above total cost Bicycles to be replaced every year 10% of the previous year fleet BASE FARE AND 24 HOURS FLAT RATE INCREMENT UPTO 2031 year 24 flathourfare Minimum Base Fare (first hour) 2021 ₹ 40 ₹ 5 2022 ₹ 45 ₹ 5 2023 ₹ 50 ₹ 7 2024 ₹ 55 ₹ 7 2025 ₹ 60 ₹ 8 2026 ₹ 65 ₹ 9 2027 ₹ 70 ₹ 9 2028 ₹ 75 ₹ 10 2029 ₹ 80 ₹ 10 2030 ₹ 85 ₹ 11 2031 ₹ 90 ₹ 12 Year installedBicyclesNewtobe Bicylestobereplaced(10%) annuallybicyclesTotaltobepurchased Bicycles/TotalYearforservice Lakhs)esbicyclCostfor(Rs.in 2021 420 420 420 ₹ 63.00 2022 300 42 342 720 ₹ 56.43 2023 100 72 172 820 ₹ 26.06 2024 82 82 820 ₹ 12.31 2025 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 2026 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 2027 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 2028 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 2029 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 2030 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 2031 82 82 820 ₹ 12.30 TOTAL 820 770 1590 8520 243.90 (Rs.StationsDockingCostinLakhs) VansTowingCost(Rs.inLakhs) gBrandinMarketingand(Rs.inLakhs) ITS Continge&ncyCharges(Rs.inLakhs) ₹ 126.00 ₹ 35.00 ₹ 10.00 ₹ 58.50 ₹ 99.00 ₹ 23.10 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 45.88 ₹ 36.30 ₹ 8.47 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 18.96 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 5.00 ₹ 4.33 ₹ 261.30 ₹ 66.57 ₹ 60.00 ₹ 157.94 TotalCostCapital(Rs.inLakhs) ₹ 292.50 ₹ 229.41 ₹ 94.79 ₹ 21.64 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 789.71 PROJECT COSTS & FINANCIAL VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING CAPITAL EXPENDITURES - CAPEX
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PBS 08T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 OPERATING COST ASSUMPTIONS Cycle Maintenance 5% of its base cost Dock MaintenanceStations 2% of its base cost 5% Incremental Cost Towing MaintenanceVans 5% of its base cost Security Guard ₹ 9,000.00 rs/month Managerial Staff ₹ 15,000.00 rs/month 10% hike in cycle maintenance charges & Human resource wages YEAR ManitenanceCycle(Rs.inLakhs) ManitenancDocke(Rs.inLakhs) Towing MaintenanceVan(Rs.inLakhs) CostManpower(Rs.inLakhs) ChargesInsurancefornewcycles(Lakhs) ChargesInsuranceforoldcycles(Lakhs) Total O&M Cost (Rs. in Lakhs) 2021 ₹ 3.15 ₹ 2.52 ₹ 1.75 ₹ 58 ₹ 0.63 ₹ 65.65 2022 ₹ 5.40 ₹ 4.63 ₹ 3.03 ₹ 109 ₹ 0.51 ₹ 0.38 ₹ 123.24 2023 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 5.58 ₹ 3.66 ₹ 137 ₹ 0.26 ₹ 0.65 ₹ 153.56 2024 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 5.86 ₹ 3.92 ₹ 151 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 167.77 2025 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 6.16 ₹ 4.19 ₹ 166 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 183.44 2026 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 6.46 ₹ 4.49 ₹ 183 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 200.65 2027 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 6.79 ₹ 4.80 ₹ 201 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 219.55 2028 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 7.13 ₹ 5.14 ₹ 221 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 240.32 2029 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 7.48 ₹ 5.50 ₹ 243 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 263.14 2030 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 7.86 ₹ 5.88 ₹ 267 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 288.22 2031 ₹ 6.15 ₹ 8.25 ₹ 6.29 ₹ 294 ₹ 0.12 ₹ 0.74 ₹ 315.77 TOTAL ₹ 63.90 ₹ 68.71 ₹ 48.65 ₹ 2,030.73 ₹ 2.39 ₹ 6.93 ₹ 2,221.31 INSURANCE CHARGES New Cycles 150 rs/month Old Cycles 100 rs/month REVENUES Fare increment 10% annually Advertisement cycles ₹ 50.00 Rs/month Advertisement area 600 sq.feet Advertisement cost 50 per sq.feet/ month Increment advertisementinrevenue 2% Per annum Average utilization of a cycle/day 4 Trips per day Increment in revenue from fare box 5% Per annum scrap value of cycles 60% of its cost base cost Initial Fare 10 rupees YEAR Fare RevenueBox(Rs.inLakhs) Increment advertisementinrevenue(2%)fromcycles Adverisementfrombicycles(Rs.inLakhs) Increment dockadvertisemeinntrevenue(2%)fromstations mentAdvertisefromstations(Rs.inLakhs) revenue from scrap cycles ( in lakhs) RevenueTotal(Rs.inLakhs) 2021 ₹ 30.66 ₹ 50 ₹ 2.52 ₹ 30,000 ₹ 180.0 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 213.18 2022 ₹ 52.56 ₹ 51 ₹ 4.41 ₹ 30,600 ₹ 183.6 ₹ 3.8 ₹ 244.35 2023 ₹ 83.80 ₹ 52 ₹ 5.12 ₹ 31,212 ₹ 187.3 ₹ 6.5 ₹ 282.67 2024 ₹ 83.80 ₹ 53 ₹ 5.22 ₹ 31,836 ₹ 191.0 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 287.42 2025 ₹ 95.78 ₹ 54 ₹ 5.33 ₹ 32,473 ₹ 194.8 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 303.32 2026 ₹ 107.75 ₹ 55 ₹ 5.43 ₹ 33,122 ₹ 198.7 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 319.29 2027 ₹ 107.75 ₹ 56 ₹ 5.54 ₹ 33,785 ₹ 202.7 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 323.38 2028 ₹ 119.72 ₹ 57 ₹ 5.65 ₹ 34,461 ₹ 206.8 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 339.51 2029 ₹ 119.72 ₹ 59 ₹ 5.76 ₹ 35,150 ₹ 210.9 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 343.76 2030 ₹ 131.69 ₹ 60 ₹ 5.88 ₹ 35,853 ₹ 215.1 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 360.07 2031 ₹ 143.66 ₹ 61 ₹ 6.00 ₹ 36,570 ₹ 219.4 ₹ 7.4 ₹ 376.46 TOTAL 1076.90 56.86 2190.37 ₹ 69.30 ₹ 3,393.42 OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURES - OPEX SOURCES OF REVENUE
SHEET NODEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADASCHOOL OF PLANNING & VIJAYAWADAARCHITECTURE PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PBS 09T.S.GURURAJA2200600053 YEAR TotalCostCapital(Rs.inLakhs) Total O&M Cost (Rs. in Lakhs) RevenueTotal (Rs. in Lakhs) ProfitabilityNet(inlakhs) 2021 ₹ 292.50 ₹ 65.65 ₹ 213.18 ₹ 144.97 2022 ₹ 229.41 ₹ 123.24 ₹ 244.35 ₹ 108.31 2023 ₹ 94.79 ₹ 153.56 ₹ 282.67 ₹ 34.33 2024 ₹ 21.64 ₹ 167.77 ₹ 287.42 ₹ 98.01 2025 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 183.44 ₹ 303.32 ₹ 98.26 2026 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 200.65 ₹ 319.29 ₹ 97.02 2027 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 219.55 ₹ 323.38 ₹ 82.20 2028 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 240.32 ₹ 339.51 ₹ 77.57 2029 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 263.14 ₹ 343.76 ₹ 58.99 2030 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 288.22 ₹ 360.07 ₹ 50.23 2031 ₹ 21.63 ₹ 315.77 ₹ 376.46 ₹ 39.07 ₹ 789.71 ₹ 2,221.31 ₹ 3,393.42 ₹ 382.40 NET PROFITABILITY 382 Lakhs NET PROFIT VALUE ₹ 63.59 Lakhs INTERNAL RATE OF RETURNS 21% PROFITABILITY INDEX 1.44 PAY BACK PERIOD 4.2 years FINAL PROJECT SUMMARY OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM ₹ 200.00 ₹ 100.00 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 100.00 ₹ 200.00 ₹ 300.00 ₹ 400.00 ₹ 500.00 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 total expenditure total revenue Net profitability Inference: From the above graph, we can observe that there is gradual increase in revenue from the 3rd year onwards. But the Net profit value is in declining trend may due to costs involved in operation and maintenance, hence there is a need for upgradation of ITS and automation to decrease costs incurred by human resource for profitable PBS system and need for other alternative sources of revenue. lakhs)Profits(in PROFITABILITY OF PROJECT: SHARE OF INVESTMENT CAPEX ₹ 789.71 26% OPEX ₹ 2,221.31 74% SHARE OF REVENUE ₹ 56.86, 2% ₹ 2,190.37,64% **Figure in lakhs FARE BOX ₹ 1,146.234% ADVERTISEMENT ₹ 2,247.266% CyclesAdv.Adv.Dockingstations
