PORTFOLIO
ABOUT ME Incredible Indian, believe in myself, I am the one with muscles of iron and nerves of steel as Swami Vivekananda craved. professionally I strive to blend reality with imagination in the society and passionately I admire to serve for the betterment of Humanity. Highly organized, Always ready to discuss spirituality and science. I consider in character, values, vision & action. I am a perseverant learner & believe in learning from my mistakes for I strongly feel that this calibre will take me ahead in life and career. CONTACT H.no.+91gurutsgrs@gmail.com8885830326,88858303294-866,SriRaghavendra Nagar, Mantralayam, Andhra Pradesh-518345 S/O T.S. VENKATESH HOBBIES LANGUAGES Working Proficiency తెలుగు ಕನ್ನಡ ENGLISH lxGbL Full MotherNativeProficiencySpeakerTongue ACADEMIC INTERESTS TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SPATIAL DATA ANALYTICS SMART GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE HERITAGE CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT Disaster InsightfulDECISIONStraightEnthusiasticmanagementTaskDelegationforwardMAKINGTeamworkCreativeDiligentDynamic KEY COMPETENCIES CURRICULUM VITAE SKILLS SPATIAL DATA VISUALIZATIONANALYSIS Arc GIS Q PowerTableauGISBI DRAFTING & ProgrammingDESIGN AutoSketchPhotoshopPYTHONUPCAD DATA SURVEYINVESTIGATIONDESIGN Arc GIS Survey123 Survey CTO Microsoft Excel STATA EDUCATION Secondary School Certificate Shri Parimala June,MantralayamVidyaniketan2011April,2012(8.5GPA,AGrade) Intermediate M.P.C. Vishaka Defense June,VishakhapatnamAcademy2012April,2014(60.5%,BGrade) B.Tech Urban & Regional Planning JNAFAU School of Planning & Architecture, Hyderabad September, 2014 June,2018 (71.14%, Distinction Grade) Masters in Heritage Conservation & Management UNESCO C2 Centre, WII, Dehradun June, 2019 (Discontinued)October,2019 P G Diploma In Environment & Sustainable Development School of Sciences, IGNOU July, 2018 June,2020 (Results Awaited) WORK EXPERIENCE PROJECT EXECUTIVE ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES Techno managerial support for Comprehensive FSSM plan of Rishikesh as a part of Support to Ganga Rejuvenation (SGR) implemented by GIZ RishikeshDec’2019 Mar’2020 INTERN TELANGANA REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION CENTRE Digitization, Geo coding and spatial data analysis for the project “Geo Spatial support for Government Land encroachments Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, Telangana” HyderabadJan’2018 Feb’2018 INTERN ANIMAL REHABILITATION AND PROTECTION FRONT Worked as zoo corps in Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad to educate visitors on the importance of conservation and respect for the Environment by conducting workshops. HyderabadApr’2017 May 2017 FREELANCE - ANALYST URBAN MASS TRANSIT COMPANY Road Network Analysis and generate GIS database of Intermediate Public Transport in “Feasibility of North South Mobility Corridor” project of Kochi HyderabadDec’2016 Feb’2017 FREELANCE - SURVEYOR V.V.N. TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED Primary and Secondary data collection and assist preparation of Detailed Project Report for Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojana Housing For All -2020 project in Andhra Pradesh Urban Local Bodies. ChittoorMar’2016 Apr 2016
EXTRA CURRICULUMCERTIFICATIONS ACHIEVEMENTS
PAGE NO. 10 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF MANCHERIAL PAGE NO. 14 REGIONAL DEVEOPMENT PLAN OF SANGAREDDY DISTRICT PAGE NO. 20 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF ADONI TOWN PAGE NO. 08 RURAL AREA PLAN BODAKONDAOF PAGE NO.06 ATHWELLI NEIGHBOURHOOD AREA PLAN METROPOLITAN / URBAN AREA PLANNING STUDIO - 03 PLANNING PROJECT - 05 NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING - 01 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO - 04 RURAL AREA PLANNING STUDIO - 02 D D D B.TECHCONTENTSSTUDIO WORKS CLICK TO SELECT This portfolio is crafted to appropriately showcase the work of all my academic assignments while providing the evidence of knowledge growth. Its is not simply a gathering of all the lesson plan, workshop and assignment completed during the academic and training time period but also the learning and skills developed them. It promotes self-analysis and critical reflection in ways that helps you to understand the complexities in the field of Urban and regional planning. The portfolio will allow you to visualize the entire conceptual framework with all the theoretical and practical activities that shape learning.
PAGE NO. 36 URBAN DESIGN MALECON BEACH, HAVANA PAGE NO. 38 GOLCONDA PRECINTS CONSERVATIONHERITAGEPLAN PAGE NO. 40 GREEN SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PRACTICAL WORKSHOPS PAGE NO. 34 REVITALISATION & STRATEGIESCONSERVATIONFORRIVERS PAGE NO.28 KHAIRATABAD JUNCTION TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLANATELIER INTERNATIONAL D'ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUITE (AIAC) COMPETETION CITY ENVIRONMENT SURVEYOR- 10 TRAFFIC STUDIES- 06 HERITAGE CONSERVATION- 09 PLANNING COLLOQUIUM- 07 D D D PLANNINGCONTENTSWORKSHOPS PAGE NO. 41 ADVANCED GEO-SPATIAL SUPPORT FOR LAND USE MONITORING - TRAC INTERNSHIP PROJECT- 11 - 08 CLICK TO SELECT
CLARANCE STAIN’SCONCEPTION
PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
The neighbourhood is the planning unit for a town Evolved due to the advent of industrial revolution and degradation of the city environment caused due to high congestion, heavy traffic movement through the city, insecurity to school going children and distant location of shopping ,recreation activities;
etc CASE STUDY GIVEN SITE SCALE: 1:5000 NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING STUDIO 06
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA ATHWELLI NEIGHBOURHOOD AREA PLANNING PROPOSED LAND USE MAP • The site area is located in the Hyderabad Nizamabad Highway, the name of the site is Athwelli. Area of the site is 41 acres. • Medchal Mandal, Rangareddy district Telangana state. Unit of Urban Planning ❑ Street System Facilities ❑ Population ❑ Sector Size and Density ❑ Neighbourhood Walkways ❑ Protective Strips . ➢ Walking distance radius is one mile. ➢ In the figure A, elementary school is the centre of the unit and within a one half mile radius of all residents in the neighbourhood, local shopping centres located near the school. ➢ Residential streets are suggested as CUL-DE-SACS to eliminate through traffic and park space flows into the neighbourhood NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT INTRODUCTION :
UNIT SIZE (SQ.MT) No. of units per floor No. of units per block No. buildingofblocks Total no. of units for blocksall No. of floors BUILT UP AREA of one (sq.mt)block BUILT UP AREA of all blocks (sq.mt) HIGH RISE(G+14) 930, 1010, 1225, 1495 24 336 5 1680 15 5600 28000 TOTAL HIGHRISE BUILT UP AREA MIDRISE(G+5) 1430, 1595, 1850 10 50 3 150 6 1950 5850 TOTAL MIDRISE BUILT UP AREA LIG/EWS(G+3) 51 8 32 6 192 4 543 3258 TOTAL LIG/EWS BUILT UP AREA TOTAL NO. OF FAMILIES = 2022 TOTAL RESIDENTIAL BUILT UP AREA = 37108 sq.m HIG MIG LIG PROPOSED NEIGHBOURHOODRESIDENTIALPLANBLOCK DISTRIBUTION SCALE: 1:5000 TYPICAL HOUSE PLAN 2 BHK 1245 Sq.Ft Living 11’0” x 16’0” Kitchen 8’0” x11’0” Bedroom 14’0” x11’0” Bedroom 11’0” x10’0” Toilet 5’0” x9’0” Toilet 5’0” x8’0” Dining 16’4” x10’0” 3 BHK 1850 Sq.Ft Living 13’0” x 11’0” &Kitchendining 20’0” x11’8” Bedroom 10’0” x11’0” Bedroom 12’0” x16’0” Bedroom 13’0” x12’0” Toilet 5’6” x9’0” Toilet 5’2” x8’6” Drawing 14’0” x 12’0 pooja 5’0” x 3’ 6” 3 BHK 1400 Sq.Ft Living 12’0” x 11’0” Kitchen 11’0” x 7’6” Bedroom 13’0” x11’6” Bedroom 11’0” x11’0” Bedroom 12’0” x11’0” Toilet 5’0” x 8’0” Toilet 6’0” x7’0” Drawing 17’4” x 11’0” TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 07 NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING STUDIO
CHARACTERISTICS OF A VILLAGE : systemCaste •believepeople in caste system and stratificationsocial sustainableSelf •(Villages are independentmostly ) Togetherness •(The feeling of unity is more ) valuesSocial •community)theirindividualofresponsibility(socialeachto occupationsectorPrimary •activities)and(agricultureitsallied Small area of habitation •settlements)(small AIM To prepare a strategic plan for the development of BODAKONDA village Definition of RURAL AREA In the Census of India 2001, the definition of rural area adopted is as follows: ❖ All statutory places with out a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. ❖ A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously: ❑ A Population Not More Than Of 5,000; ❑ At Least 75 Per Cent Of Male Working Population Engaged in Agricultural Pursuits ( Even Other Primary Sector Activities) ❑ A Density Of Population Less Than 400 Per Sq. Km. (1,000 Per 1sq. Mile). INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES • To enhance the development of education and employment in the village. • To plan for the basic infrastructure in an efficient manner to the village. • To bring awareness about the agriculture activities and to provide strategies for new farming techniques to the village. • To bring awareness about the government schemes and environmental aspects to the village people. METHODOLOGY
❑
To maintain ecological balance there must be balanced and sustainable development of agricultural sectors The 12th five year plan (2012 - 2017) emphasizes that agricultural development is necessary for rapid economic development of the country. Soil type, climatic conditions, water sources, commercial crops, animal husbandry, livestock, horticulture etc.; all are considered in agriculture.
To maintain ecological balance there must be balanced and sustainable development of agricultural sectors
❑
India is mainly an agricultural country Agriculture is the most important occupation for most of the Indian families. In India, agriculture contributes about sixteen percent (16%) of total GDP and ten percent (10%) of total exports. With more than half of the state’s population still dependent for their livelihoods either wholly or significantly on some form of farm activity, expansion of farm incomes continues to be the potent weapon for reducing poverty.
MAP OF CASE STUDY: BODAKONDA VILLAGE TELANGANA STATE SHAMSHABAD DISTRICT MANCHAL MANDAL CASE STUDY LOCATION: DECADAL POPULATION GROWTH OF BODAKONDA: SCALE: 1:50000 TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 08 RURAL AREA PLAN OF BOBAKONDA VILLAGE RURAL AREA PLANNING STUDIO
INDIAN AGRICULTURE
❑
❑
❑
SPATIAL ORGANISATION OF CROPS IN FIELDS: strip cropping, grass barriers, contour planting all contribute to soil conservation, planting trees to act as wind breaks Mulching: Mulching helps in reducing evapotranspiration & soil loss from wind erosion, adds nutrients to soil, minimizes the impact of splash erosion.
Cover Crops: Many farmers also take advantage of the benefits of having plants growing in the soil at all times, rather than leaving the ground bare between cropping periods, which produces unintended problems. The planting of cover crops such as groundnut, Sesbania and cowpeas helps farmers achieve the basic goals of: • preventing soil erosion, • suppressing weeds, and • enhancing soil quality. Using appropriate cover crops is worth the extra effort because it reduces the need for chemical inputs like herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers.
Annual agricultural production: AGRICULTURAL LAND
Crop Rotation: Crop rotation—growing different crops in succession in the same field—is one of the most powerful techniques of sustainable agriculture, and avoids the consequencesunintendedofputting the same plants in the same soil year after year. cycles. It is a key element of the permanent and effective solution to pest problems because many pests have preferences for specific crops, and continuous growth of the same crop guarantees them a steady food supply, so that populations increase. In fact, rotation reduces pest pressure on all the crops in the rotation by breaking the pest reproductive OF BODAKONDA
Levelling of fields: Farmers are using levelling equipment, that allows water to flow evenly throughout the fields. Surge flooding: Traditional flooding involved just releasing water onto a field. In using surge flooding, water is released at prearranged intervals, which reduces unwanted runoff.
PROPOSALS: VERMI COMPOST: Vermicompost is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms, which generally lives in soil, eat biomass and excreta in digested form.
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 09 RURAL AREA PLANNING STUDIO
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 total irrigated land 200.00 186.74 344.00 167.54 167.5 total unirrigatedland 280.44 270.22 608.24 293.8 585.58 area not avalable for cultivation 446.77 598.57 316.85 567.63 549.5 Culturable waste land 315.00 249.69 300.00 300.00 700.00600.00500.00400.00300.00200.00100.000.00 Area of the village 2414 Ha lAgriculturaland 530 Ha areaSettlements 3Ha=2412Ha+12Ha+Ha ODR length 8kms Forest area 409382+436=Ha landcultivableNon 1448 Ha LAND UTILISATION : Paddy produced: Jowar produced: Cotton produced: 64 quintals per acre 2 5 quintals per acre 6 10 quintals per acre Cost of paddy : Rs.900-1100 per bag Cost of cotton: Rs 350 – 400 per kg Cost of cotton: Rs 200-300 per kg 25km).m)Ibrahimpatnam(24kMarkets:,Nomula(20 km)Ibrahimpatnam(24Markets: Markets: Chendur (45 km) Production Yearly twice Production Yearly once Production Yearly once
VILLAGE: Jowarpaddy33%28%Maize11% 1% Cotton20%Wheat4% Corn3% alluvialsoil72% blacksoil28% DECADAL ANALYSIS OF LAND UTILISATION: DATANO Forestarea17%land put to fallowotherwastecultivableuralagricultnonuses10%land12%lands3%fallowscurrent15% netsownarea43% TYPES OF CROPS PRODUCED: TYPES OF SOIL S.NO. TYPE OF SOURCES NO. AYACUT IN Ha 1 Minor Irrigation tanks 0 0 2 Open wells 13 0.80 3 Bore wells 77 7.20 4 Canal irrigation 0 0 5 Natural spring head 0 0 IRRIGATION FACILITIES: PRESENT IRRIGATION TREND:
Strategic planning is a process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue the particular strategy, including its capital and people
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 10 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF MANCHERIAL URBAN AREA PLANNING STUDIO
Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the development and use of land, protection and use of the environment , public welfare , and the design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks.
to
Equity Equitable
3. Urban rural integration in a regional framework:A strategic approach to urban planning will start with a macro perspective at the national/state level and then at regional level to guide urbanization and rural development in an integrated and holistic manner. all round human and economic development use of all resources , inclusive and participatory development process Migration of risks human TO MANCHERIAL Mancherial city was previously known as “GARMILLA”, the first biggest and commercial city in Adilabad district (2011) & a commercial hub catering to the coal belt of Singareni collieries. It is located on the north bank of the Godavari river. It's proximity to the rich cement minerals and the coal mines fuels the economy, which offsets the rampant poverty in the general adilabad area and the accompanying naxellite problem.
2. Comprehensive and integrated: The planning approach should address all sectors of development and spatial planning together in a holistic and integrated framework – ensuring integration of sectoral and spatial planning.
EXPECTED OUTCOME Development Comprehensive
Safety
1. Vision-led:The approach should generate a qualitative vision of the city in the framework of city region’s future based on a sound participatory process to articulate the aspirations and needs of people from all spheres, including the common man
A City Development Plan is a comprehensive document outlining the vision and development strategy for future development of the city, prepared in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders to identify the thrust areas to be addressed on priority basis in order to achieve the objectives and the vision.
CITY:
life ,property and environment harmony Harmony in urban form, in society and between man and nature INTRODUCTION: CASE STUDY: PROPOSALS ANDAIMRECOMMENDATIONSTO PREPARE A STRATEGY DEVELOPNMENT PLAN FOR MANCHERIAL TOWN OBJECTIVES ❑ To study town trends in decadal population growth, demographic composition, socio economic facilities and health indicators.. ❑ Analyse the existing land use and infrastructure etc ❑ To identify the issues & problems in the study area ❑ Identify the potentials & threats for development of study area and give recommendations ❑ Prepare a vision & strategic framework keeping in view constraints & development potential of the town to provide better living facilities for the people Primarysurveysdata •Household survey •Land use survey •Origin destination survey •Traffic volume count •Parking survey •Road inventory Secondarydata •Demographic profile •Housing •Economy •Physical infrastructure •Social infrastructure •Traffic and transportation •Accident data DATA COLLECTION SEGREGATING SECTORS FOR DATA ANALYSIS ❑BASEMAP PREPERATION AND LANDUSE ❑DEMOGRAPHY ❑ PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ❑ SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ❑ INDUSTRIES ❑ ENVIRONMENT DATA COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH GUIDELINES IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AND ISSUES METHODOLOGY CASE STUDY LOCATION: TELANGANA STATE MANCHERIAL DISTRICT MANCHERIAL CITY BASE MAP OF MANCHERIAL: INTRODUCTION
APPROACHES TO URBAN PLANNING
Efficiency Sufficient
Strategy-2: Proposal of land use for the year 2031. • According to the demographic projections, the population of the mancherial city in the year 2031 is 1,29,625. This will upgrade mancherial from medium sized city to large city. This will change in the landuse percentages of the city.
Strategy-3: Capacity building under Disaster Prevention and Management plan ,Capacity building of Urban Local Bodies to take up the challenging task of implementing projects and reforms under JnNURM is recognised as a priority of the Mission.
BUFFER
ACTION PLAN
PROPOSED ZONES:
PROPOSALS
Strategy-1: Increase in the percentage of recreational spaces. Process: Green buffer zones around lakes and nalas in the city. As there are 6 lakes( 30m buffer zone for one lake and 9m buffer zone for remaining 5 lakes) and 1 nala in the city ( 9m buffer zone), and a railway lane (30m buffer zone) by putting green buffer around them will increase the percentage of recreational space in the city.
LANDUSE MAP OF MANCHERIAL Land categoryuse forURDPFIlargecities MancherialExisting(2017) land proposausel(2031) Residential 35 44 40 Commercial 5 2 6 Industrial 10 5 8 Pub. & Semi pub. 12 0.4 6 Recreational 20 0.01 18 Transport communication& 12 11 12 Agriculture & water bodies 6 25 10 • When we we compare the land use percentages of existing mancherial with the land use percentages in URDPFI guidelines and the master plan proposed in 2012 The main drawback of the existing landuse is with the percentages of public & semi public and recreational landuses, which are very less compared to URDPFI guidelines • Recreation facilities available in a city are also a determinant of quality of life of the citizens. It is therefore essential to assess the options available for recreation and entertainment for different income levels, those with public access and those with paid access, maintenance issues, places of interest for visitors / tourists, implications on urban infrastructure and services etc. COMPARISION WITH URDPFI STANDARDS: EXISTING & PROPOSED LANDUSE EXISTING LANDUSE % TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 11 URBAN AREA PLANNING STUDIO
Area: 37.44 km² Density: 2321 persons/km² [2011] HEALTH INDICATORS OF MANCHERIAL MMR Maternity Mortality Ratio (per 1 lakh live births) 152 IMR - Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births) 48 TFR Total Fertility Rate 1.7 CPR - Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 57 CBR - Crude Birth Rate 19.2 ASR Adult sex Ratio (per 1000 males) 952 CSR -Child Sex Ratio (per 1000 males) 900 Name Population1991 Population2001 Population2011 Mancherial 52657 70381 86911 52657 70381 86911120000100000800006000040000200000 Population-1991 Population-2001 Population-2011 Mancherial Decadal Growth Rate: [1991 2001] 17724 + 33.6 % [2001 2011]- 19954 - + 23.48% DECADAL ANALYSIS ARITHEMATIC METHOD : This method is suitable for class 1 & class 2 towns & old cities with considerable development, if population increases by a fixed amount per unit time ,the quantity is said to be changing linearly or arithmetically. Formula: P= Pc+k(T-Tp) ; k= Pc-Pp/Tc-Tp (P= projected population; Pc= current census year; Pp= previous census year) Year Decadal GR Annual GR Population 2021 16.48% 1.54% 1,02,414 2026 16.48% 1.54% 1,21,325 2031 14.15% 1.33% 1,29,625 2036 14.15% 1.33% 1,38,492 2041 12.40% 1.18% 1,46,825 2046 12.40% 1.18% 1,55,659 POPULATION PROJECTION 2011 Census Households-21651 2016 Intensive Household survey Households-30096 Growth in households 8445 32.64% SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION INFERENCE: Density of population is more concentrated in 11,19, 21,23&24 wards and growth is spreading towards south-east direction. WARD POPULATIONWISE MALES FEMALES TOTAL Population 44325 42586 86911 0-6 POPULATION 4689 4296 8985 Sex ratio – 952 Child sex ratio - 900 51% 49% GENDER FEMALESMALES 52%48% 0-6 POPULATION FEMALESMALES INFERENCE: Decrease in the child sex ratio states the decrease the female birth rate . Decrease in the female birth rate may lead to many social problems. LITERACY IlliterateLiterates69% 31% 74% 63% 37% 26% TOTAL MALE FEMALE LITERATES 59969 32975 26980 ILLITERATES 26942 11350 15586 INFERENCE: As per secondary data, 69% are literates and 31 % are illiterates and females are less educated compared to males. More significance to female literacy will lead to better society. INFERENCE: Only 29 % main & 4 % marginal workers, as they have burden of 67% non working population. 90% of main workers, 77 % of marginal workers are involved in the services and tertiary sector resembling the characteristic of an urban area Male workers are dominant with a difference of 15,000 main & marginal workers over female workers. WORKING POPULATION COMPOSITION WorkerMain MarginalWorker WorkerNon MALE 21,123 1,763 21,125 FEMALE 4,620 1,417 36,863 40,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,0000 24% 5% 2.02%1.63% 24.3%42.41% TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 12 URBAN AREA PLANNING STUDIO
PROPERLYDISPOSEDINROADSIDEBINDOORTODOORCOLLECTIONBYMUNICIPALITYNO COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE
INFERENCE: 81% have houses door to door collection with segregation of waste at H-H level & with alternative days of collection shows the efficient SWM of the city & 75 % people are paying charges for msw for efficient service of municipality.
INFERENCE : 94 %have individual type of toilet with 69 % of good maintenance but with a low storage capacity needs 39% of septic tank cleaning annually
INFERENCE: 25 % houses are not pucca & only 70 % people own houses. Remaining 27 % need to provide own house.27% of marble floor express the economic status of people & 38 % of houses are newly built show the growth in recent years.
INFERENCE: 78% have individual connections which needs more operation & management of water supply by the municipality & 48% people reported less than 1 hour supply & for alternative days of supply with 45 % quantity and 22% quality related complaints Solid
INFERENCE: A pyramid can be described as stationary if the percentages of population (age and sex) remains constant over time with equal birth and death rates. As per characteristics, people will have high standard of living with low birth rate by may be good family planning, access to birth control, financial planning, education etc.,low death rate due to good medical care, nutrition Graph shows high population between the age of 19 54 states the scope of development by working class population.
SEWERAGE
INFERENCE: 29 % people get b/n 100-300 & 33% below 600/ shows the optimal utilization of power by households and resembling the ownership of electronics and quality of life. Only 41 % faces power cuts with 47 % less than one hour shows the negligible issue's in electricity supply.
AGE OF BUILDING
ELECTRICITY: PEOPLEPOWERFACINGCUTS POWERDURATIONCUT MONTHLYAVERAGEBILL Availability of septic tanks Frequency of cleaning septic tank Type of toilet in use
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
OWNERSHIP TYPE OF ROOF TYPE OF FLOOR
Sourcemanagement:wasteofwatersupply Frequency Duration of supply Complaints faced Disposal of solid waste Segregationath-hlevelFrequencycollectionof
WATER SUPPLY:
OPEN DEFECATION2% COMMINTY 95% INDIVIDUAL 3% TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 13 URBAN AREA PLANNING STUDIO
4 32 54 130 78 36 8 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9HOUSESNO.OF HOUSE-HOLD SIZE HOUSE-HOLD SIZE PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS INFERENCE: average household size of mancherial is 4 & has almost equal proportion of gender and 65 % are unmarried population Small size families need more houses. INFERENCE: In the primary survey, mancherial has 96% of literacy rate, in that 49 % are graduated states level of education 36% people earn 2030,000 per month is the average rate of per capita income 6% earn less than the 5000 CASTE MARTIAL STATUS EDUCATION MONTHLY INCOME EMPLOYMENT INFERENCE: employment rate is more in service related with 15 % & 8% govt and 7% private employees 44% travels 10 km& above shows the demand of regional transportation DISTANCE FROM PLACE OF WORK -20 -10 0 10 20 90-9480-8470-7460-6450-5440-4430-3420-2410-140-4100+ AGE SEX PYRAMID FEMALE MALE
•
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF SANGAREDDY DISTRICT Region is a contiguous geographical area which has a fair degree of uniformity, in administration, economic linkages or natural environment It is relatively a large area with hierarchy of settlements and varying landscape. Considering the importance of regional planning at the district level and with the view to integrating the urban and regional development, the District Planning Committees and Metropolitan Planning committees are created through the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment act INTRODUCTION – REGIONAL PLANNING IN INDIA PLANNING REGION ADMINISRATIVE REGION INVESTMENT REGION SPECIAL REGION DISTRICT REGION METROPOLITAN REGION ➢ NEW MANUFACTURINGINVESTMENT ZONES ➢ INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR & FRIEGHT CORRIDOR ➢ SPECIAL INVESTMENT ZONE ➢ ECO SENSITIVE ZONE ➢ CULTURALLY SENSITIVE REGION ➢ SOCIO ECONOMIC SENSITIVE REGIONS AS PERAMENDMENTCONSTITUTIONALACT SOME STATES HAVE PROVISION ADMINISTRATION SETUP OF THESE REGIONS HAVE TO BE DECIDE BYSTATE LEGISLATURE REGION BASED ON HOMOGENEITY, FUNCTIONAL RELATION SHIP, ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS SPECIFICFORMULATEDPROVISIONS LEGAL PROVISION FOR DELINEATINGREGIONSSPECIAL EFFORTS HAVE BEEN MADE BY SOME STATES FOR INVESTMENT REGIONS & AT NATIONAL LEVEL VERY FEW SPECIAL REGIONS IN INDIA BASED ON THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE REGION, ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP BE DECIDED BY STATE OR CENTRE DELINEATION LEGAL PROVISION FOR A REGION PLANNING EFFECTS ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP DISTRICT AS A PLANNING REGION: ❑ India has 640 districts according to census of India 2011 ❑ 67% districts are urbanized up to 50% out of which approximately 7% have crossed the line of 40% urbanization and 9% districts are 100% urbanized. PROPOSED DISTRICT PLANNING PROCESS AS PER 73RD& 74TH CAA: PRE PLANNING CONSULTATION STATE LEVELPLANPERSPECTIVE DISTRICTLEVEL TALUKALEVEL VILLAGELEVEL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LEVELWARDPOLITANMETROREGION PLANSOVERLAY ISSUESOFSORTING PREPERATIONPLANREGIONALDRAFT PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC PLANREGIONALFINAL DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION COMPILATION COMPILATION COMPILATION COMPILATION PROPOSALS ANDAIMRECOMMENDATIONSTo identify the region and regional resources for development of SangareddyOBJECTIVESDistrict ❑ To study trends in decadal population growth, demographic composition, socio-economic facilities and health indicators ❑ Analyse the existing land utilisation and infrastructure ❑ Identify the potentials & threats for development of study area and give recommendations ❑ Prepare a vision & strategic framework keeping in view constraints & development potential of the Region SEGREGATING SECTORS FOR DATA ANALYSIS ❑ DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ❑ LAND UTILISATION ❑ PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ❑ TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ❑ SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ❑ INDUSTRIES & ECONOMY ❑ TOURISM & ENVIRONMENT DATA COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH GUIDELINES IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AND ISSUES METHODOLOGY
DISTRICT AT
BASE MAP OF SANGAREDDY
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 14 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO
TheRailnearest railway stations are Lingampally which is about 30 km, Secunderabad about 50 km and Nampally Station around 55 km.In coming years it is expected that there will be Metro rail/ MMTS track to connect the city to Lingampally. NearestAir Airport is Hyderabad International Airport which is 70 km from Sangareddy.
Profile:
Civic SangareddiadministrationMunicipality was constituted in 1954 and is classified as a first grade municipality with 31 election wards. The jurisdiction of the civic body is spread over an area of 13 69 km (5 29 sq mi)
SinceRoadACCESSIBILITYSangareddy (H.Q) is near Hyderabad, it is well connected to other areas like Hitech city, DLF Gachibowli (appx 35 km away), Panjagutta and Secunderabad. The NH-65 passes through the city. About 15 km Away from Sangareddy there is an outer ring road which connects to Shamshabad airport Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad.
•
TheAdministrativeGLANCE:divisionsdistrictwillhavethree revenue divisions of Narayankhed, Sangareddy and Zaheerabad are sub divided into 26 mandals.
TheEconomycityhas three large scale public sector industries in its constituency These are BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited One of the MAHARATNA companies of Govt Of India), BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited, where one of India’s most powerful missile PRITHVI was produced), Ordnance Factory Medak (which manufactures the Sarath tanks for the Indian Army)
Sangareddy District is located in the northern region of the Indian state of Telangana. Sangareddy District is bifurcated from Medak district according to G.O.M.S 239; Dt: 11-10-2016 by Government of Telangana. Medak district is divided into three districts. They are: • Sangareddy District Medak District Siddipet District
LAND USE – LAND COVER AGRICULTURAL LAND AREA (Sq.kms) Percentage (%) Agricultural cropland 2784.05 63.22 plantationsAgricultural 44.24 1.00 2828.29 64.23 FOREST AREA Reserved Forest Area 182.20 4.14 Forest plantation 19.44 0.44 200.63 4.56 WASTE LANDS Barren rocky 36.44 0.83 Scrub land Dense 0.35 0.01 Scrub land Open 679.60 15.43 716.43 16.27 WATER BODIES Waterlogged 1.29 0.03 Canal 2.14 0.05 Reservoir/Tanks 394.60 8.96 River/Stream/Drain 45.30 1.03 443.34 10.07 BUILT UP AREA Villages (Rural) 92.06 2.09 Hamlets 6.74 0.15 Core urban 25.88 0.59 Peri-urban 7.09 0.16 Mining/Industrial 55.66 1.26 Transportation 26.53 0.60 213.97 4.86 TOTAL 4403.66 100.00 LANDUSE - LAND COVER 2015-16
❑ Zahirabad plain: (Area 1,300.00 Sq. Km): Lying in the South western part of the district, this region covers the whole of Zahirabad area and part of Sadasivpet. The region is a plain with its major portion covered under sand and rocky wastes. With an average height of 600 meters, the plain slopes from South west to North-east. River Manjira flows along the Northern border of the region. Its small tributaries and channels join the river from South dissecting the plain. Major part of the region is developed on Pleistocene Laterites.
❑ Sangareddy–Patancheru Region: (Area – 900.00 Sq, Km): The region extends over an area comprising of Sangareddy and parts of Sadasivpet.
❑ The lowest point of Sangareddy is 420 m above from the sea level and Highest point is 650m from the sea level.
TOPOGRAPHY
• HIGHEST POINT(680 m)
• LOWEST POINT(420 m) PHYSICAL FEATURES LEGEND TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 15 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO
❑ Narayankhed Andole Plain: (Area 2,150.00 Sq. Km): The region is cut from Southern and Eastern sides by Manjira River, which covers the whole of Narayankhed and Andole areas. The Nizam sagar is located on the Northern border. The region is almost a plain with an average height of 500 meters above Mean Sea level (MSL).
River Manjira flows along the North western boundary of the region. Having an average height of 550 meters above MSL, the region generally slopes towards the North. The region is prominently characterised by the frequent occurrence of ponds, dry channels, stony waste, boulders, open scrubs and rocky knobs.
The soils of the district are mainly comprising loamy and clay red sands and black clay soil Red laterite soil is predominant in Zahirabad taluk Regar or black cotton soils comprising of clay loams, clay and silty clay are found in erstwhile Sangareddy, and Narayankhed taluks
▪ Structural origins of Narayankhed areas have major rocks causing soil erosion and decreasing the productivity of land resources
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS LENGTH (KMS) NATIONAL HIGHWAY 65 101 (Pune to NATIONALMachilipatnam)HIGHWAY161 58 (Sangareddy to Akola) TOTAL 207 STATE HIGHWAY 6 16 (Hyderabad to Bodhan) STATE HIGHWAY 14 19.20 (Zaheerabad to Bidar) STATE HIGHWAY 16 43.40 (Alladurg to Metlakunta) STATE HIGHWAY 17 18 (Sangareddy to TOTALJagdevpur) 96.6 SETTLEMENTS & ROAD NETWORK MAP Total Built up area of Sangareddy district is 213.97 sq.kms ( 4.86%) of the total geographical area with 92.06 sq.kms of Village settlements,6.74 sq.kms of Hamlets, 25.88 sq.kms of core-urban area, 7.09sq.kms of peri urban area and 55.66 sq.kms Industries. Kohir & Zaheerabad lies between Vikarabad to Bidar Railway route sharing 44 kms length and 15 kms MMTS Route till Patancheru of Sangareddy District. LEGEND DRAINAGE FLOW & SURFACE WATER BODIES Name Area (sq.kms) bodieswaterMajor Singur Reservoir 161.87 Nijam sagar 110.30 Manjira reservoir 43.02 Koulas Nala 1.48 Nalla vagu 4.47 Annasagar cheruvu 2.26 Jogipet cheruvu 1.51 Narinja cheruvu 1.79 Mominpet Lake 0.37 Mehboob sagar 1.42 Peddha cheruvu 1.80 Minor water tanks 63.3 TOTAL 394.5 WATER BODIES Area sq.kmsin Waterlogged 1.29 Canal 2.13 Reservoir/Tanks 394.5 River/Stream/Drain 45.30
Granite is predominant in sangareddy Laterite is spread all over the Zahirabad taluk Lithology help to the study of the general physical characteristics of rocks Feldspar minerals are the sources of Gneiss granitoid complex which are found in the areas of Jinnaram and Kandi mandals of sangareddy
Total 10% of the total geographical area is covered with water Singur Dam is an irrigation, hydroelectric and drinking water project built on the river Manjira in 1998 This has a pipeline scheme, an inter river basin transfer link by feeding Godavari River water to Krishna River basin & Nearly 1 tmc/day water is supplied to Hyderabad city from this reservoir
LEGEND
LEGEND LEGEND LEGEND TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 16 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Applied geomorphology can be of use in regional planning in different geomorphic environments and in preparation of natural hazard assessment, morpho-agricultural regionalization, land use planning, construction and management of roads It helps in understanding of landforms may be of great use, directly or indirectly, to human beings who are influenced by and, in turn, influence the surface features of the earth which they inhabit
LITHOLOGY
SOILS
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF SANGAREDDY DISTRICT 27.5 29.4 32.0 37.0 36.0 34.8 30.6 33.2 32.3 37.7 32.4 31.0 16.4 16.7 22.0 25.0 26.0 26.1 23.3 22.0 21.8 19.0 14.9 12.640.035.030.025.020.015.010.05.00.0 FEBRUARY APRIL JUNE AUGUST OCTOBER DECEMBER ANNUAL MAX - MIN TEMPERATURE 2015 January February March April May June July August September October November December Normal 6.0 3.8 8.0 14.5 27.4 125.6 218.9 213.3 118.0 99.9 26.7 5.9 2010-11 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.3 5.5 74.3 285.7 238.9 158.9 98.8 21.4 1.7 2011-12 3.7 0.0 0.0 22.5 4.4 54.5 253.4 179.1 56.5 23.2 5.9 0.0 2012-13 9.3 26.0 6.3 15.3 10.3 137.4 201.8 131.0 103.1 88.9 46.8 0.0 2013-14 0.0 0.0 59.3 23.2 31.0 139.4 341.5 115.2 166.3 182.7 33.1 11.5 2014-15 17.3 0.0 50.1 80.9 17.8 44.4 108.1 185.0 65.6 20.0 20.6 6.4 400.0350.0300.0250.0200.0150.0100.050.00.0 MONTH WISE AVERAGE RAINFALL OF SANGAREDDY Normal 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 867.4 870.4 943.1 894.8 917.1 877.9 980.0 850.5 899.9 909.0 878.3 1030.7 932.7 836.3 802.0 831.1 862.8 824.41800.01600.01400.01200.01000.0800.0600.0400.0200.00.0 Mandal-wise Average Rainfall Normal ( in mm) Actual ( in mm) 2012 - 13 Actual ( in mm) 2013 14 Actual ( in mm) 2014 15 The district generally experiences a dry climate The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from March to May is the summer season. The hottest month in this season is May This is followed by the south west monsoon season from June to September. October and November constitute the post monsoon period. The winter season starts from December and lasts till February The average annual rainfall in the district is 868 3 mm The rainfall during the monsoon season i e from June to September amounts to about 45 percent of the annual rainfall. The rainiest month is July MAXIMUM temperature in the district is in October and the temperature recorded was 37 7 MINIMUM temperature in the district is in December and the temperature recorded was 12.6 Minimum Temperature Maximum Temperature Minimum Humidity Maximum Humidity Cumulative Rainfall Rainfall Deviation (%) from Normal ***data Source : TSDPS Year :2017 Not To Scale TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 17 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO
uses For
They are: 1. 2.CultivatedForests area with break-up irrigated and un irrigated2.1Netarea sown 2.2 Other fallow lands 2.3 Current fallows: 3. Culturable Waste 3.1Permanent pastures, other grazing lands 3.2 Lands includedcrops&grovesmiscellaneousundertree(notinthearea sown) 3.3 Cultivable waste 4. Area not available for 4.1cultivationLandput to agriculturalnonuses 4.2 Barren & uncultivable 1.Quadrennial change of Forest Area LAND UTILISATION PATTERN SANGAREDDY DISTRICT TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 18 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO
of
Land
KALHER has highest forest spread & Jinnaram has highest % of forest cover utilization deals with the nature & character different types of land uses to which land is put the problems arising in the process of deciding between different types of uses & putting to the best alternative the purpose of collection of data relating to utilisation in India, "Technical Committee on Co ordination of Agricultural Statistics'' in 1948, classified into the following categories for forecasting census.
806040200 Net Sown area % 2001 2005 2011 2015 LAND UTILISATION ANALYSIS Forest cover of Sangareddy district LEGEND3020100 Mandal Wise Quadrennial change of Forest area % 2001 2005 2011 2015 100806040200 Total Cropped area % 2001 2005 2011 2015 2. Quadrennial Change of Agricultural Land 50403020100 current follow Lands % 2001 2005 2011 2015 40 area sown more than once % 2001 2005 2011 2015 403020100 other follow lands % 2001 2005 2011 2015 ❑ CURRENT FALLOWS represents cropped area which is kept fallow during the current year NET AREA SOWN represents the total area sown with crops and orchards Area sown more than once in the same year is counted only once FALLOW LANDS OTHER THAN CURRENT FALLOWS includes all land which was taken up for cultivation but is temporarily out of cultivation for a period of not less than one year and not more than five years ❑ The total are of current agricultural land is 2828 28 sq m which is 64 23% of total area (Fallow lands of the current season, total net sown area, total irrigated/ agriculture crop area of the current year and miscellaneous crops and tress all combined together for the net agricultural area) ❑ PULKAL Mandal with 40 66% is the highest irrigated land in sangareddy district followed by kalher with 23 89% and nagalgidda is the least with only 7 hectors which is 0 05% of irrigation land
1 Quadrennial Trend Analysis of Forest Area : These include all actually forested areas & the lands classified or administered as forests under legal enactment dealing with forests whether State owned or private The total forest area in Sangareddy district is 200 sq km i e 4 56% of the total geographic area
&
MUNAPALLE Mandal with 74 29% is the highest under net sown area of current season followed by RAIKODE with 66.48, RAMACHANDRAPUR is the least with 14 90% ❑ Current fallow lands are highest in ANDOLE Mandal with 35 61% of its total area followed by KANDI with 31 29% RAIKODE and KALHER Mandals do not have fallow lands
land
land
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION::
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT SCHEME (IWDP) by revitalizing & reviving village level institutions & enlisting people's participation. It is people's own programme which aims at giving them actual decision making powers in terms of project implementation & fund disbursal
▪ The best possible strategy would be treating the land by empowering the people who live in it It is watershed plus approach which takes care of holistic development
WHAT ARE WASTELANDS? Degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover, with reasonable effort, and which is currently under utilised and land which is deteriorating for lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes The programme does not focus solely on uncultivable wastelands because such lands are Too degraded to recoup in isolation , Cost of treatment is very expensive and economical, Such lands are too remote from the village through protection of vegetative measures and participation of local people is not possible
▪ Awareness raising, training & extension Involvement of local people at Grass roots
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 19 REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIO
▪ Besides when people decide what they have to do their stake in development become more pronounced leading to their intense involvement
▪ Their involvement in decision making is the key to success which brings sustainable development Hence people’s participation is the approach for the purpose
▪ Skill Up gradation & Confidence Building Planning implementation & Monitoring of Wastelands Development Projects Special programme for social and economic upliftment of women & Self Help Groups Development of small water Harvesting Structures Afforestation of degraded forest and non forest wasteland
▪ The basic objective of this programme is an integrated wastelands development based on village/micro watershed plans. These plans are prepared after taking into consideration the land capability, site condition and local needs of the people.
▪ Promotion of locally available low cost Technology Involvement of Panchayat Raj Institutions. Upliftment of landless persons and others belonging to weaker sections.
STRATERGY & APPROACH: Development of wastelands mainly in nonforest areas aimed at checking land degradation , putting such wastelands of the country to SUSTAINABLE use increasing bio mass availability especially that of fuelwood , fodder , fruits, fibre & small timber INTEGRATED WASTELAND
▪ The scheme also aims at rural employment besides enhancing the contents of people's participation in the wastelands development programmes at all stages, which is ensured by providing modalities for equitable and sustainable sharing of benefits and usufructs arising from such projects.
▪ Therefore, the entire watershed community is to be involved for the integrated development of watershed and the assets created in such an effort are to also be maintained through the people of the watershed community in order to ensure sustainability. People’s participation also ensure conservation and development of Common Property Resources.
OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES:
WASTELAND RECLAMATION by INTEGRATED WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IWDP)
▪ Development and conservation of common Property Resources
waste lands of sangareddy district LEGEND 4. MANDAL WISE QUADRENNIAL CHANGE OF CULTURABLE WASTE LANDS 151050 cultivable waste lands % 2015 2011 2005 2001 151050 Permanent Pastures & other grazing lands % 2015 2011 2005 2001 151050 Misc. Tree crops & groves not included in net area sown % 2015 2011 2005 2001 3020100 Barren & Uncultivable land % 2001 2005 2011 2015 6040200 Land put to Non-Agricultural Uses % 2015 2011 2005 2001 3. MANDAL WISE QUADRENNIAL CHANGE OF Area Not Available for Cultivation SOIL EROSION IN SANGAREDDY DISTRICT SOIL EROSION LEGEND Wastelands: The total mining & industrial area is 55.66 sq.km which is 1.26% of the total area NAGALGIDDA Mandal has the lowest % of waste lands in sangareddy district with 10 40 hectares of its total area The % of waste lands are high in KANGTI Mandal followed by RAIKODE with 22 49 & 18 08 respectively JINNARAM Mandal has 22 92% of fallow lands older than an year, these lands are at risk of converting into waste lands if they are abandoned for more than an year or two RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIVITIES: ▪ In situ soil and moisture conservation measures like terracing, bunding, trenching, vegetative barriers and drainage line treatment ▪ Planting and sowing of multi purpose trees, shrubs, grasses, legumes and pasture land development Encouraging natural regeneration Promotion of agro forestry & horticulture Wood substitution and fuel wood conservation measures
•Governed by the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules,
❑ In any developing country, the threats posed by improper handling and disposal of solid wastes (though often ignored) contribute to the high level of mortality and morbidity. Human and ecosystem health is also threatened due to improper handling of solid wastes SCOPEJustification:&LIMITATIONS:
•Governed by the Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2016 1.Municipal solid Waste
the resource base and so on ❑
Lack of monetary resources, at times, results in improper or no transportation vehicles for waste disposal adding another dimension to the ever-rising cycle of problems.
leads to low quality of
Study
•
•
•Can be Hazardous as well Non Hazardous in nature.
•
•Governed by the E-waste (Management), Rules 2016 7.E-Waste
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 20 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
•Commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or notified areas, excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio medical wastes.
DESKTOP STUDY : Successful Municipal solid waste management practices in India STUDY : ADONI MUNICIPALITY In a developing country, the problems associated with solid waste management are more acute than in a developed country. Lack financial resources and infrastructure creates a vicious cycle; lack of resources service provision which leads to fewer services, which in turn further erodes The problem is further complicated by rapid growth in population and urbanization, which adds greatly to the volume of waste being generated and to the demand for waste retrieval service in municipal areas However, more often than not, an increase in population is not matched with an equal increase in revenue for the local municipalities for waste management Besides this, rapid urbanization means rapid growth of shanty dwelling units that are largely unplanned for, and add to the waste, health, and hygiene problems
CASE
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF ADONI MUNICIPALITY : DESKTOP STUDY Back Ground: METHODOLOGY
of
ProposalsIdentificationObservationsofissuesandrecommendations SECONDARY COLLECTIONDATA ▪ Municipality ▪ Apuifdc ▪ Service users ▪ Private formal / informal sector PRIMARY COLLECTIONDATA ▪ Surveys questionnaires/ ▪ Visual analysis ▪ photographs ANALYSIS System elements ▪ minimizationWaste ▪ Waste reuse ▪ Waste recycling ▪ Waste collection ▪ transportationWaste ▪ Waste treatment Aspects ▪ Technical ▪ Environmental ▪ Financial ▪ Social ▪ Institutional ❑
AIM : To propose a comprehensive plan for MSWM of Adoni Municipality in compliance with the MSW Rules 2016
•Attributed to its qualities – ignitability, corrosively, reactivity, toxicity.
The solid waste management sector is defined by the following kinds of waste based on their types and sources of generation. The waste types are governed by various rules laid down by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
5.BioRules,2016-medical Waste
to deal with solid waste
•Any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals.
•e-waste' means electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part discarded as waste by the consumer or bulk consumer as well as rejects from manufacturing, refurbishment and repair processes
people willing to pay for said
LITERATURE STUDY: MSW GUIDELINES, 2016 & Swachh Bharath Mission Guidelines
•Governed by the Plastic Waste Management Rules
6.Construction and demolition waste
•Governed by the Bio Medical Waste Management
OBJECTIVES : To study current Municipal solid waste management practices in India. To review Municipal Solid waste management rules of India, 2016 and Swachh Bharath Mission 2014. To assess the quantity, characterization and classification of MSW in Adoni Municipality. To analyze the existing Municipal Solid waste Management System and identify the issues in implementing efficient MSW services. To prepare Strategies for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Adoni Municipality.
•
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the most essential functions of the local authorities in India to achieve a sustainable development in the country. Nevertheless, it has also been one of the least prioritized services during the last decades. When waste is not treated properly, the environmental and health impacts can be disastrous. Today, India is one of the world’s largest methane emitters from solid waste disposal. Since methane is an aggressive greenhouse gas, it will affect global warming on a large scale. It’s possible to turn trash to treasure with the revenue opportunities available in solid waste. Several studies suggest that reutilizing of solid waste is not only a viable option to MSWM but also desirable—socially, economically, and environmentally. waste recycling plants will enhance income generation as well as employment opportunities promoting a sustainable development of the urban areas. This Municipal solid waste management plan attempts to prepare a detailed framework for the efficient delivery of MSW services for Adoni Municipality by adopting different successful methods practised in India. This study is limited to the Municipal solid wastes generated with in the administrative boundary of Adoni Municipality ❑ Another significant factor that contributes to the problem of solid wastes in a developing country scenario is the lack of proper collection and transportation facilities Improper planning coupled with rapid growth of population and urbanization serves to add congestion in streets, and as a result the waste collection vehicles cannot reach such places, thus allowing filth to build up over time
Solid Waste Management:
•Governed by various rules based on the type of2.Industrialwaste. Waste
4.Plastic2016 Waste
•the construction and demolition waste generated from various means such as waste comprising building materials, debris and rubble resulting from construction, re-modelling, repair and demolition of any civil structure.
•Governed by the the regulatory framework under the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016
•
3.Hazardous2016 waste
•Waste either generated from residential, commercial or industrial activity.
•Attributes to waste material produced during the industrial activity.
•Waste generated from indiscriminate use and disposal of plastic in to the physical environment leading to water, soil and air pollution
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 21 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
Municipal Solid Waste VALUE CHAIN IN
Every link in the waste management value chain indicated above is interrelated and the success of each stage depends upon the successful implementation of the previous one hence, the analysis of value chain becomes very important
▪ The per capita generation of waste between the decades is a worrisome figure. India is no exception in its concern about the per capita waste generation rate, though the present per capita generation of waste is only 300–400 gm/capita for medium cities and between 400 600 gm/capita for large cities However, this is going to increase with the present trend of urbanisation and consumption patterns. As per the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) report (2012 13), municipal areas in the country generate around 170,000 metric tonnes per day (TPD) of municipal solid waste (annual generation of 62 mn tonnes of waste). As per 2011 census, 31.16 % population (i.e. 377 mn people) of India live in 4,041 municipal authorities. It is estimated that by 2050, 50% of the population will be living in urban areas, the volume of waste generation will grow by 5% per year.
Figure 2. Collection efficiency of selected Indian states (CPCB, 2013).
Figure 1. (a) Per capita generation of MSW selected Indian cities in 2000 and 2011, (b) Per capita generation of MSW in selected Indian states in 2000 and 2011 ( cpcb report 2013 14).
▪
Management : THE MSWM
Solid waste generation in India:
Criteria Case Study City Selection is based on Swachh Sarvekshan Ranking 2017 :
Definition: Municipal Solid Waste Management (SWM) refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste segregation and storage at source, primary collection, secondary storage, transportation, secondary segregation, resource recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of solid waste
INDIA: :
Ranking were given by the following MethodologySurveyamong 3 classification of settlement based on population: The data to be collected for ranking of the cities shall be segregated into 3 main areas: 1. Collection of data from and interactions with Municipal 2.BodyCollection of data from Direct Observation 3. Collection of data from Citizen Feedback ❑ Adoni ranked 224 rank among 434 ULBs all india wide and ranked second last among the Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies followed by Madanapalle.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF ADONI MUNICIPALITY INTRODUCTION to the study area: • Adoni is a city in Kurnool district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. • It is a Special grade municipality and the headquarters of Adoni Mandal, administered under the Adoni Revenue Division Geography & Climate : Adoni is located at 15.63°N 77.28°E It has an average elevation of 435 meters (1427 feet) above sea level The climate is mainly tropical, with temperatures from 31 °C to 45 °C in summer and 21 °C to 29 °C in winter The soil is black and red There are large limestone deposits suitable for cement. There are many number of minerals available such as copper, lead, zinc and in some places, diamonds are also found near the town AdoniConnectivity:isan important town in Kurnool district, located in the north-western corner of the district, at a distance of 103 Kms from Kurnool district headquarters, It is located 405 4 Km from Capital city (Amaravathi) and 300 Kms from Hyderabad. There is a Railway station on the Chennai Mumbai broad gauge line. The State Highway known as GuntakalTungabhadra Road passes through the town The Tungabhadra Low Level Canal (TBP LLC) passes at a distance of 8 Kms. from the town. Decadal Year Population Growth Rate 1961 69951 ** 1971 85311 18.00 1981 108905 21.66 1991 136180 20.02 2001 156464 12.96 2011 166537 6.04 ❑ Adoni ranks, 16th most populous city in the state. It has density of 5176 persons/sq.km and has an urban agglomeration population of 184,771. The total population constituted 82,743 males and 83,794 females. ❑ These numbers produced a gender ratio of 1013 females per 1000 males, which was higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. In the same year, 18,406 children were between 0 and 6 years of age. In this group, 9,355 were boys and 9,051 were girls, giving a gender ratio of 968 per 1000. The average literacy rate was 68.38 percent with 101,292 literate people. This number was significantly lower than the national average of 73 percent. Adoni Statistics: Area 32.17 sq.kms Population 166537 No.of Households 33803 No. of Revenue wards 26 No. of Election wards 41 No. of Slums N 56,N.N 4 Slum population 61510 No. of HospitalsGovernment 3 No. of SchoolsGovernment 15 No. of Burial Grounds 4 Vegetable Markets 3 No. of Public Markets 2 Community Halls 5 No. Municipal Wards 41 The population figures for the Municipality as per census records are available since 1961 from the Municipality The population figures are given in Table below Demographical Features: MAP SHOWING WARDWISE DENSITY BASE MAP OF ADONI MUNICIPALITY Land use map of Adoni Land use (Areasq.Kms) tagePercen Residential 16.41 51 Commercial 2.57 8 Industrial 3.54 11 Public & publicsemi- 1.29 4 Hillock 0.32 1 Nalas & canals 0.64 2 Agricultural use 1.93 6 Publicspacesopen 0.97 3 Transport communicationand 4.50 14 Total 32.17 100 AREA : 32.17 Sq. Kms Landuse break up TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 22 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
An N G O named “Spoorti Foundation” organizes door to door solid waste collection services in Adoni municipality for the wards 13,14,15,25,26,28 namely S K D Colony ,Teachers colony ,Sanjeevayya Nagar and Raichoti Ramayya (H.I.G.) Colonies with a 14 members Staff involved in the collection Service
Existing Type of Collection NO. Capacity M- Bins 18 0.75 Tons Plastic bins 300 0.03 Tons
EXISTING MSW MANAGEMENT PRACTISE IN ADONI MUNICIPALITY: 11 Waste collection system of Municipality :
The size
• Timings : 6.00 am to 10 am & 3.30 pm to 6.00 pm
2 SEGREGATION : ▪ There is no segregation of wet & dry solid waste in Household level. ▪ Even Municipality did not provided two bins for households to the segregation of wet and dry waste till date Spoorti N G O also doesn’t collect waste segregated. Sources of Solid waste Adoni Municipality Contributes 58 TPD i.e 0.34 kgs capita per day . The potential Sources of Solid waste are: Residentialarea45%EducationaMarketlCommerciaandHotelAreas17%Area15%lInstitutions7%DrainSiltingandRoadSweeping16% Residential area : 26 TPD Commercial and Hotel Areas : 10 TPD Market Area : 9 TPD Educational Institutions : 4 TPD Drain Silting and Road Sweeping : 9 TPD Total : 58 TPD Physical Composition (% weight fractions) of MSW: OrganicMatter51%RUBBER/lePLASTICPAPERWOOD7%11%15%TEXTILE1%ather0%GLASS0%INERTS13% CONCRETE/DEBRIS2% Physical composition % Organic matter 51.03 Wood 6.73 Paper 11.27 Plastic 14.7 Textile 0.7 RUBBER/leather 0.37 Glass 0.57 Inerts 13.03 Concrete/debris 1.6 Physical Characteristics of Waste:
of waste constituents
▪
Calorific value: 1210 Kcal/kg Calorific value is the amount of heat generated from combustion of a unit weight of waste expressed in Kcal/Kg and determined using a bomb calorimeter. Calorific value indicates its suitability for incineration.
1. COLLECTION : Collection and Transportation of Waste in Adoni Municipality: SLAUGHTEROPENM-BINS-AREASHOUSES
physical characteristics of waste include density, moisture content, calorific value, ash content and varied
▪
▪ There is no Door-to-door collection services for upto 80% area of the Municipality Public Health & Sanitation Department workers are involved only in the Street sweeping and collects waste generated from Governement Buildings,Hospitals, Municipal Schools and 300 HDPI bins installed under Swach Bharath Mission.
▪ This collection was made on alternative days and collects a levy of 100/- per month from each household Manpower : 148 ph workers for street sweeping , 64 out sourcing for sweeping in municipal schools, hospitals and offices, 16 Compost and Dumping yard Mainitenance
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 23 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
Density of waste is essential for selection of suitable MSW handling containers/equipment/ vehicles, planning for no. of trips considering compaction of waste, compaction ratios in landfill designs, etc. Moisture content: 35% 40% Moisture content is expressed as weight of moisture per unit weight of wet material. Moisture content increases the weight of solid waste, thereby increasing the cost of collection and transportation of waste. It is a critical parameter while carrying out economic feasibility of waste processing and treatment options such as waste to energy plants, incineration, etc.
Ash content: Found Negligible Ash content is the inorganic and incombustible mineral fraction of waste left after combustion. Ash content of waste reduces the proportion of dry organic material per kilogram of waste. High ash content requires an efficient dust removal system to reduce the amount of particulate emissions. Waste with high ash content will have a lower calorific value.
Density of waste: 0.47 grams / cubic centimeter
Infrastructure: The front side of the site has cemented compound wall with a gate and other three sides fencing is done There is a shed for vermi composting facility which is not in operation There was no emergency handling systems such as first aid & firefighting arrangements at site
3.TRANSPORTATION: All the wet and dry waste is collected together in street sweeping and Government Buildings are transported in the un segregated manner without any weighing mechanism. All the wet and dry waste is collected together in the un segregated manner by N.G.O.
Location and Area: The waste dump yard is located on Siruguppa road, which is 4 kms away from Municipality and having an area of 10 acres as reported. The site is situated in an open area which is surrounded by agricultural fields, residential houses, bypass road and SH 75 in four directions.
▪
1.Primary Collection:
Though vermi-composting facility is available at sites but not under operation. The waste is dumped openly on ground (at both dump yards) which does not have any linings. The solid waste is dumped haphazardly (dump yard II), blocks the entry and exit paths As terrain of dump yard is undulating which may lead to stagnation of leachate at various locations in the dump site Waste dumped in open areas and waste without covering at dumpsite may attract stray animals at dump yard I & II.
2. Transportation:
Dumping sites & Municipal bins location Site 1 Site 2
• The capacity of vehicles is not fully utilized as there is no compaction facility which may lead to excess number of trips. Logistic management is to be evaluated for proper utilization of vehicles and ensure 100% collection of waste.
▪
Observations:
• Smoke is seen in huge at various places indicating burning of waste.
Spoorthi
Landuse surrounding dump site: East: SH 75, Residential houses at 100 m & rly line West: Residential plots (Indiramma houses) at 95 m North: Scattered Residential houses at < 25 m South: Agricultural fields.
• Waste is spread haphazardly all over the site.
• Bio-medical waste is also dumped without processing in this dumpyard
4.Disposal:
Existing Dump Site – II: Location and Area: The waste dump yard is located on Yemmiganur road, which is 3 kms away from Municipality and having an area of 10 acres . The site is situated in an open area which is surrounded by Rocky Mountains and hills in two sides, open area and district road on other side.
• Segregation of waste is not practiced either at source or at dump site.
Existing Dump Site – I :
▪
Observations: ▪ Waste is spread without any lining in such a manner that dumper placers and tractors also cant enter inside the dumpyard ▪ All the waste is Burnt in open fire and cattle was allowed to maze in that waste. Monkeys are also get feeding with that waste
•
Landuse surrounding dump site: East: Rocky Mountains West: Hills and Mountains North: Rocky mountains South: Rice Mill and District & Village connecting road at 170 m Dump yard in use: The existing dump site has been receiving waste for the past 20 years (Since Infrastructure:1995). The site has no cemented compound wall and gate but one side of boundary is fenced. The site has no bore well. There is a shelter for watchman but no man power deputed. There is a shed for vermi composting facility which is not in operation. There was no emergency handling systems such as first aid and firefighting arrangements at site. Approximate height of waste: 1.5 to 2 m
▪
and transported
• Door to door collection is not practiced upto 80 %.
3. Waste processing / Disposal:
Type vehicleof No. (CapacityTonnes) cartsPush 70 0.18 Tractors 6 1.5 Autos 6 0.75 placersDumper 2 1.5
• Recyclable material is getting mixed up with the waste at dump site without any recovery. Inadequate man power
Approximate height of waste: 0.6 to 0.75 m
TRACTORDUMPER PLACER AUTOS Key concerns/Issues:
4. Lack of Education and behavior change among the people regarding solid waste . The solid waste from the ULB is collected and transported to the two designated disposal sites There is no MSW processing facilities running for recycle and reuse.
• It was told by the residents that, during dust storm and strong wind, the waste material was observed to be flying in the sky and smoke will interrupt abutting road causing accidents.
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 24 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
Primary survey – Questionnaire data analysis: TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 25 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 26 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
• For waste generated by Drains silting can be directly transferred to Landfill sites.Usage of Compactor trucks for huge volume transport from Intermediate transfer stations to Waste processing sites ensuring the transportation in segregated manner.
1. Segregation and collection 2. Transportation
INDICATORS BENCHMARK EXISTINGSTATUS RELIABILITY GAP 1 Household level coverage of solid waste management services 100% 36% A 64% 2 Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste 100% 44.4% D 55.6% 3 Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste 100% 0% D 100% 4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered 80% 0% D 100% 5 Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid waste 100% 0% D 100% 6 Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 80% NO DATA -7 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 100% 100% A 0% 8 Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90% NO DATA Municipality Service Level Bench marks: Population projections & Quantity estimation : As the growth is not in the incremental series, geometric method of population projection can be adopted for better results: Decadal Year Geometric method Estimated waste quantity per day (in tonnes) 2001 156464 ** 2011 166537 58 2021 178498 64.8 2025 183519 67.6 2031 191318 69.5 FUTURE DEMAND (2031) – LANDFILL REQUIREMENTS: Population (2031) = 191318 Number of Households (2031) = 46,215 Estimated Waste Generation (2031) = 69.5 tonnes Current Waste Generation (2017) = 58 tones Total Waste Generation in 10 years = ½*(69.5 + 58 )*365*10 = 232687 tonnes Estimate of Landfill Volume = Vwi = Vt+Vc+Vl-Vo Total Waste Volume (density 0.47 tons/cu.m.) Vt =1,09,362 c.mtrs Volume of daily cover (10% of above), Vc = =232680.1*232687 Volume of Liner and Cover System Vl = k * =0.125*109362Vt = 13670 Volume likely to become available due settlement/biodegradationto of waste and other factors Vo = m * Vt = 0.1 *191324 = 10936 Estimate of Landfill Volume = Vwi = Vt+Vc+Vl-Vo = 109362+23268+13670 10936 = 135364 Area of Landfill required: (standard height of landfill = 15m) = 135364/ 15= 90240 sq.mtrs = 22.4 acres DEMAND ASSESMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION OF MSW: Cost Comparative Analysis for existing and proposal Method: • Population = 166537 Households = 33071 Per capita waste generation = 0.34 kg • Waste generated per day = 58 tons Average household size = 4 • Average waste generated from each household =4 *0.34 = 4.34 kg • Average density of MSW = 0.47 gms/ cu.m. • Average volume of waste generation from each household = 4.34 /0.47 cu.m.= 9.23 lts • Average volume of a mini auto tipper=1000 lts • Quantity of waste collected by a auto tipper = 1000*0.47 = 470 kg • Number of households that can be covered by each tricycle = 470 / 4.34 = 108 Nos. Assuming each auto-tipper covers 540 households per day (scheduled five hours of work time 6am to 10 am by making five trips @ 108 houses in each trip to the nearest transfer station; we need about 25 auto tippers of capacity 1000 litresPROPOSALS SegregationHouseholds:atOptionsource:1:As per MSW Rules 2016, 3 colour coded bins are to be provided. Each Bin costs 18 / a 10 litres bin. Option 2 : Instead of providing Bins , A cost effective method is just to provide three types of stickers and Household are given option to choose their own containers based their quantity Commercial/ institutional:
• For waste generators of Households /Commercial/ Institutional utilisation of Hand carts with Cattle instead of Man power is viable and Collection can be made during the timings of 5 am to 10 am.
• For Waste generators like hotel, vegetable markets and Slaughter houses , Hotel owners are responsible for transferring waste to Intermediate Transfer stations in their vehicles.
• Weighing bridges can be installed at the transfer stations to estimate the quantity of waste generated and transported.
• Provision of 3 Colour coded bins promoting Segregation at source Hotel and Vegetable markets: Waste can be directly transferred to Transfer station in their own Streetvehicles.Sweeping / Horticulture Waste/ Road side trees: Waste can be segregated into degradable and non degradable waste and can be collected to transfer stations Installing HDPV Bins instead of Dustbins for every 200 mtrs on streets.
Second stage of Municipal Waste Management is Transportation. We can involve intermediate transfer stations prior transfer to Waste processing site.
• All the vehicles are attatched with GPS device to ensure regular and 100 % coverage of Household door-to-door collection.
Long term approach includes the following:
Landfill: All the inert waste and rejects from various technological options are sent to secured landfill for disposal, which are designed to accommodate waste for future 25 years till 2031.
In short-term approach, the following are proposed:
• Segregation of waste at transfer station or waste management facility is to be done to the extent possible for cost effectiveness
Refused Derived fuel (RDF): Segregated combustible waste can be directly sent to nearby cement/steel plants (or) ULB can set up RDF plant for making pellets and then sent to cement / steel plants.Market & slaughter house waste from the ULB to be directly sent to biomethanation. plant for processing. Utilizing debris & inerts for possible use as building material and filling low lying areas.
Even after Installation of facilities, for the efficient management of swm, people should get awarded of SWM services and need for the segregation of waste
• Preparatory works for setting up waste management facility in long term shall be initiated.
• Mixed waste is collected from the ULB and sent to either transfer station or waste management facility for further segregation or processing.
• Recyclables in major proportions are sold to recyclers / sent for recycling.
4. Disposal: Feasible AlternativesTechnologyforAdoni Municipality: short-term and long-term approach was considered while deriving the appropriate technology for handling MSW in Adoni Municipality.
• Sorting often includes the separation of bulky items, separation of waste components by size using screens, manual separation of waste components, and separation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Segregation of recyclable materials and recycling of constituents to the extent possible for various applications based on cost effectiveness. Marketable recyclable waste to be sent for sale and other recyclable waste shall be stored in site for using in RDF Composting:plant.Biodegradable waste to be sent to compost facility for converting into compost which forms as a valuable resource to support agriculture.
3. Information and Education & Behavior Change:
• After segregation, remaining mixed waste would be placed on concrete pad before sending to further processing such as compost, RDF, etc.
• Remaining inert waste is proposed to be sent for secured landfilling.
• The recovery of sorted materials, processing of solid waste and transformation of solid waste that occurs primarily in locations away from the source of waste generation are encompassed by this functional element.
Segregated waste is to be collected from source and sent to the waste management facility. To set up waste management facility for handling, processing, treatment and disposal of Recyclingwaste.:
RDF PLANT
This can be achieved by promoting advertisement in schools ,colleges and public semi public buildings, Advertisement in Televisions etc Installation of Onsite shredders for plastic bottles, promoting recycling of plastic .
4. Waste processing:
Considering Short-term approach up to 5 years (2023) and long term up to 10 years (2030)..
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 27 PLANNING PROJECT / THESIS
• Sorting of commingled (mixed) wastes usually occurs at a materials recovery facility, transfer stations, combustion facilities, and disposal sites.
• The design capacity of two lane one way road may be taken to vary from 1400 to 2400 PCU’S per hour In estimating the approach road capacity thought should also be given to road classification example an arterial road is expected to have higher capacity than sub-arterial or collector road
• The width at entry and exit depends upon the carriageway width of the approach road
Carriagewaywidth(m) carriagewayatentryandexit(m) 7 m( 2 lanes) 7m 10.5 m( lanes)3 7.5m 4 m (4 lanes) 10m 21 m lanes)(6 15m DESIGN PRINCIPLES Types of Intersection: Intersections occur in multiplicity of shapes , These are divided into seven types they are: 5. Staggered 6. Staggered and skewed 7. Multiway. 1. T Shaped 2. Y Shaped 3. Scissors 4. Cross TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 28 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLNG.
•
WIDTH OF CARRIAGE WAY AT ENTRY AND EXIT
TheSAFETY:main objective of the intersection design is to reduce the number and severity of potential conflicts between cars, buses, trucks, bicycles and the pedestrians.
• The type and forms of intersection should aim at providing the required capacity at level of service commensurate with the type of highway it connects
• The entry radius range in the suggested width is from 15 25 m
•The exit radius should be higher then the entry radius to enable the vehicles to gain speed while leaving the intersection.
•
• A road network is generally classified into various categories according to the function the road performs
• The carriageway width of the approach road depends on the number of lanes to be accommodated in each direction which depends on the traffic entering and leaving the intersection
•A range of 15 25 m is suitable for the urban areas.
RADIUS AT ENTRY:
• The capacity of a road or a intersection is the value of traffic flow expressed in PCUs per hour, achieved under certain defined flow conditions
CAPACITY DETERMINATION:
•The radius should result in the drivers lowering their speeds to the design speed of the rotary.
LITERATURE STUDY An intersection is defined as the general area where two or more highways join or cross, within which are included the roadway and roadside facilities for traffic movements in that area. Intersection design influences the capacity of the corridor and the safe movement of conflicting directions. The general design principles of intersection design are the approach speeds, restriction on available land, sight distance available and the presence of the larger volume of all the road users in urban areas.
KHAIRATABAD JUNCTION TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN AIM: To study the existing situation of the Panjagutta Junction and address the issues after the analysis of data by providing junction improvement plan INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES: * To get exposed to typical problems/ projects existing in the junction and its vicinity * Traffic surveys related transportation aspects are studied: traffic volume survey, existing circulation pattern, pedestrian and parking surveys, road geometrics, land use, level of service, road components, rotaries and signalized intersections * To prepare junction improvement plan for Panjagutta junction after thorough analysis of data. * To provide alternate circulation plan for the junction Types of surveys done are: • Traffic volume count, • Origin Destination survey, • Parking analysis, • Pedestrian survey, and • Speed and delay survey. “Traffic management is a process of adjusting or adapting the existing road network to improve traffic operation without major changes”. METHODOLOGY DataOBJECTIVESAIMcollection • Primary data • secondary data Analysis and identification,problemfindingsProposalsandrecommendationsFinalReport
•A range of 20 35 m may be adopted in the design.
The radius at entry is determined by the design speed, super elevation and coefficient of friction.
FACTORS AFFECTING CAPACITY:
•A lower radius may be adopted if the design speed at the exit demands to be low because of higher pedestrian flows and site conditions
CAPACITY OF INTERSECTIONS:
• The carriageway width of the intersection legs is governed by the design year traffic entering and leaving he intersection.
• The width of the exit should be always greater than or equal to the width at entry to facilitate free movement of entering traffic towards the intersection.
• The whole intersection can than be defined as the flows traversing the intersection when one approach becomes critical
DESIGN SPEED: The design speed at an intersection governs the various elements such as entry exit radii and inscribed diameter. The design speed at the intersections may vary from 30-25 kmph
RADIUS AT EXIT:
• Intersection capacity should be equal to the capacity of the approach roads.
▪
▪ It is a four armed signalized intersection. The traffic is high throughout the day . Twin flyovers across the road junction are helping ease the previously heavy traffic flow. Only Straight traffic and free left is allowed in this junction with no right turns. The closest MMTS Train station is at Khairtabad. New metro project is being carried out in this area.
PANJAGUTTA LANDUSE MAP TRAFFIC FORECAST ANALYSIS : GHMC BASEMAP 19%37%20%19% 5% TRIP DISTANCE 0-5 25km16-2511-156-10kmkmkmkmand more 37 % are travelling a distance of 16-25 km indicates traffic demand of heavy zonal interchange Most of the trips are based on work and education purpose in Ameerpet & Kukatpally areas 68% 11%18% 3%FREQUENCY OF TRIPS weeklydaily 1-4 times occasionallymonthly Daily frequency of trips is 68 % which helps to develop public transportation and reduce traffic 11 % are weekly(1 4 times) frequencies who go for business purpose. Trip time is more for all roads because of heavy traffic 8% 59% 31% 2% TRIP TIME INTERVAL 0-10 6030-6010-30MINMINMIN-100MIN 2% 43%27%28% TRIP PURPOSE OTHERBUSINESSWORKSTUDY There are 16 % of the trips are generated with in the zone of bowenpally 17% of trips are distributed between Internal-external zones.44 % of trips from one external to another external zone PER DAY PER DAY PER DAY PER DAY TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 29 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLNG.
ABOUT of PANJAGUTTA: Panjagutta (CIRCLE – 10, WARD No. 94) is a commercial and residential area in western Hyderabad, India The area contains IT hubs, shopping malls and jewellery shops It has become a major transit point for traffic to and from the Hyderabad districts of Ameerpet, Banjara hills, Somajiguda and Khairtabad Located in the centre of Hyderabad Establishments in this area are residential houses, apartments, commercial spaces such as shopping malls, institutional, public buildings & slums Major transit point for traffic to & from various places- Ameerpet, Banjara Hills, Somajiguda & Khairtabad
▪
▪
16% 44% 17%23% DISTRIBUTION OF TRIPS external-internalinternal-externalexternal-externalinternal-internal STUDY AREA – PANJAGUTTA JUNCTION :
▪
TRANSPORT SYSTEM :
▪
• On Monday, highest number of PCUs is in the direction towards Ameerpet and the least is towards Begumpet.
Number of PCUs towards Ameerpet between 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm is the highest while the least is left turn towards Begumpet between 8:00 am to 9:00 am
per
On Sunday, highest number of PCUs is in the direction towards Ameerpet while least is towards GVK.
Number of PCUs towards Ameerpet between 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm is the highest while the least is left turn towards Begumpet between 8:00 am to 9:00 am
TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNT SURVEY ANALYSIS 6000500040003000200010000
Number of PCUs towards GVK between 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm is the highest while the least is left turn towards Begumpet between 8:00 am to 9:00 am.
•
Number of PCUs towards Ameerpet between 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm is the highest while the least is left turn towards Begumpet between 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm
SUNDAY SATURDAY MONDAY THURSDAY
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 30 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLNG.
PCUs hour on different days TOWARDS KHAIRATABAD TOWARDS BEGUMPET TOWARDS AMEERPET TOWARDS GVK
• The lowest number of PCUs per hour is seen on Thursday towards Begumpet at 1481 PCUs per hour while the highest number of PCUs is observed towards Ameerpet
Straight & left turning traffic towards Ameerpet is the highest while straight towards Begumpet is the least Straight traffic towards Khairtabad is the highest while towards Begumpet is the least Left turning traffic towards Ameerpet is the highest while towards Begumpet is least Straight traffic towards Khairatabad is the highest, towards Begumpet is the least. Left turning traffic is highest towards Ameerpet & least towards Begumpet Straight & left turning traffic towards Ameerpet is the highest while straight towards Begumpet is the least
• The highest number of PCUs is observed on Saturday towards Khairtabad at 4879 PCUs per hour whereas lowest number of PCUs is towards Begumpet
•
4.00-5.00
12
Maximum number of vehicles are 2-wheelers followed by cars while the least is the number of hand carts Maximum number of vehicles are 2 wheelers followed by cars while the least is the number of hand carts
12
•
The percentage of 2-wheelers is the highest 54% followed by cars/vans at 29%, then Autos at 12%. 3% of the vehicles are composed of City buses and 2% of LCV The percentage of other vehicles such as hand cart, animal cart and cycles are almost zero Maximum number of vehicles are 2 wheelers followed by cars while the least is the number of hand carts.
MODAL SPLIT PEDESTRIAN SURVEY AT PANJAGUTTA JUNCTION 7006005004003002001000 11.00
11.00
4.00-5.00
ALONG THE ROAD ACROSS THE ROAD PEDESTRIAN DATA AT PANJAGUTTA JUNCTION FROM GVK TOWARDS GVK FROM KHAIRATABAD TOWARDS KHAIRATABAD FROM BEGUMPET TOWARDS BEGUMPET FROM AMEERPET TOWARDS AMEERPET Pedestrian flow data provides key evidence about the potentials and problems of a site Major planning decisions, such as the location of commercial land uses or transport facilities, are strongly dependent on understanding and utilising the resource of foot traffic Pedestrian flow is more during the peak hours because it is a major connecting junction city’s main national highways and also because of presence of commercial and institutional centre The pedestrian flow towards and from Ameerpet is high compared to other roads ACCIDENT DATA 2016 ACCIDENTAL DATA MONTHLY DEATHS INJURED NO ACCIDENTOFS DEATHS NO ACCIDENTSOF INJURED JANUARY 2 - 1 1 FEBRAURY 1 - 2 3 MARCH 1 1 6 7 APRIL - 5 6 MAY - 2 2 JUNE 2 - 4 3 JULY 1 1 3 6 AUGUST 1 4 5 SEPTEMBER 2 6 8 OCTOBER 1 1 2 3 NOVEMBER - 5 8 DECEMBER 3 2 3 4 11 20 15 22 23 102 60 63 46 50120100806040200 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ACCIDENT DATA 2012-2016 FATAL ACIDENTS NON FATAL ACCIDENTS ABSENCE OF FOOTH FOOTPATHOffOnFOOTPATHSPATHSstreetfacilitystreetfacilityIllegalparkingEXISTING&PARKINGFACILITIES TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 31 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLNG.
Maximum number of vehicles are 2 wheelers followed by cars while the least is the number of cycles. AM- PM PM AM- PM PM
• The right of way should be of 9 meters ( two lane road).
are of 9 meters which can hold good amount of traffic during peak hours. It shall have the following characteristics and road elements.
REAL TIME SCENARIO
• Width of each lane should be 3 meters each (i.e drive is of 6 meters)
As we can see from analysis that PCUs flow towards Khairtabad and Ameerpet is high in number Alternative routes can be proposed for diverting the direction of flow during peak hours. The alternative routes given bound the junction in four directions which can be used to escape the left turning at the junction. The alternative routes are just 150 250 m apart from the main arterial roads, thus can be quickly accessed by the vehicles in order to save time from traffic Capacity for urban two lanes road is 5000 PCUs per hour in average daily traffic. But the volume flowing in the junction is more than the
Thereforefreecongestionasroutesthereforecapacity,alternativeareproposedsotominimizeandensureflow.theroadsidentified
ALTERNATIVE ROUTES ROAD INVENTORY SURVEY: *dimension units are in meters Towards somajiguda TowardsTowardsKHAIRATABADAMEERPETTowardsGVK«« Existing Road Cross Sections »» TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 32 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLNG.
• As these routes pass by residential areas, pedestrian paths of 1.5 meters each on both sides.
Obstruction Free Walking Zone shall be 1 8m X 2 4m – both horizontally & vertically No utility ducts or any kind of obstruction should be placed within the “Walking Zone” in future Since the pedestrian flow is determined by land use, the following sidewalk widths can be Residentialapplied: Areas: 2 00 M Commercial/Mixed Use Areas:2.50 M Commercial Nodes: 4 00 M Maximum height of a pavement (kerb, walking surface, paving) shall not exceed 150 MM (6”) Foot path and bus stop surfaces should be mattfinish/ anti skid Kerb radii should be as 1follows:5mor less for roads less than 30m width. 3.0m for most intersections & provision of Traffic islands to this signalized junction with each lane of 3.0 metres
Usage of signage and imposing fines.Signage can be used to prohibit on street parking near the junction All the commercial buildings present on the junction row just should be provided with parking facilities Strict fines should be imposed and actions should be taken against the owners of the vehicles who park illegally Near the junction we have places where there are spots where buses are stopped but no proper bus shelter is provided There construction of bus shelters is necessary so as to ensure the safety of the people waiting for bus.
Facilities to be provided for street vending : pavement to be made with two textures (colour) differentiating hawkers zone so that they don’t enter pedestrian path with IRC width standards . Removing hawking activity completely for free walking where footpath discontinued.
PROPOSALS
PROPOSED JUNCTION GVK Khairatabad Somajiguda Ameerpet JUNCTIONEXISTING TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 33 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION PLNG.
Providing Railings along the kerb Example bus stop Parking issue
Existing
The Zebra crossing should be no less than 3m (~10 ft ) wide Zebra crossings wider than 3m (~10 ft ) should be considered in locations with high pedestrian demand A stop line shall be marked in advance of the Zebra crossing (1 to 1 5 m in advance) to prevent stopped vehicles from encroaching the Zebra crossing.
❑
❑
The Godavari River rises from Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra about 80 km from the Arabian Sea The Manjra and Indravati rivers are its major tributaries Trimbakeshwar and Nasik are major pilgrimage sites where one of the four Sinhastha Kumbh Mela takes place
❑
❑
❑
REVITILISATION & CONSERVATION OF RIVERS : RALLY FOR RIVERS GODAVARI RIVER ❑
❑
The Godavari is the largest river system of the Peninsular India and is revered as Dakshina Ganga The basin is bounded by Satmala hills, the Ajanta range and the Mahadeo hills on the north, by the Eastern Ghats on the south and the east and by the Western Ghats on the west
The Manjira (724 km) is the only important right bank tributary joins Godavari after passing through Nizam Sagar. Indravati River: Indravati River rises in the Eastern Ghats in Kalahandi Orissa, and flows west to join the Godavari The river flows for a length of 535 km with a drainage area of 41,665 sq km The Indravati is sometimes known as the “lifeline” of the Bastar District, one of the most green districts in India. Pranahita River flows on the border of Gadchiroli district in Maharashtra and Adilabad district in Telangana. It forms with the confluence of two rivers called Wardha and Wainganga The River course is mainly through the dense forests which are rich in Sagwan (timber) Below Rajahmundry, the river divides itself into two main streams, the Gautami Godavari on the east and the Vashishta Godavari on the west and forms a large delta before it pours into the Bay of Bengal
❑
LAND USE LAND COVER: MAJOT MANDALSDISTRICTSALONGSETTLEMENTSTHERIVER:12:7:49 TYPES OF SOIL: SOIL EROSION : TRIBUTARIES OF GODAVARI: CONTOUR : MAJOR PROJECTS ON GODAVARI IN TELANGANA STATE: Sri Ram Sagar Nizam YellampallySagarMid Manair LENGTH OF GODAVARI RIVER : 1465 KMS LENGTH OF GODAVARI RIVER : 484 6 KMS IN TELANGANA (34% OF THE TOTAL LENGTH) TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 34 PLANNING COLLOQUIUM
❑
ISSUES: ❑
▪ Appointment of special vigilance squad for control of misuse of river at the banks for washing of clothes, vehicles, and open defecation is recommended.
❑Industrial Wastewater MANAGEMENT:
❑
❑De-siltation of Dams:
❑
Deep Root Plants and Trees: Plants and trees with deep roots have the ability to store water and not only survive periods of drought, but also provide water to plants that are grown around them .The following species are suitable for planting along creeks and rivers, as they help consolidate the creek/river banks against erosion.
TREES SUITABLE FOR CREEK BEDS & STEEP RIVER BANKS
❑Maintenance and Up Gradation of STPs:
❑Control of ritual :
❑Collection of Domestic Wastewater :
▪ Presently, PATANCHERU INDUSTRIAL area does not have any common effluent treatment facility to treat their effluent. Common effluent treatment facility should be provided on top priority.
• River Oak (Casuarinacunninghamiana)
TREES SUITABLE TO PLANT AT THE TOP OF RIVER BANKS
The upper reaches of the Godavari drainage basin are occupied by the Deccan Traps containing minerals like magnetite, epidote, biotite, zircon, chlorite etc (metallic minerals). The middle part of the basin is principally composed of phyllites, quartzites, amphiboles and granites (rocks). The downstream part of the middle basin is occupied mainly by sediments and rocks of the Gondwana group
MINERAL
❑
❑
ACTION PLANS
▪ Awareness should be created through an audio visual show for violators with the help of NGOs and citizen groups.
▪ Artificial ponds should be constructed at the banks of Piligrim centres for “Dashkriyavidhi” so that entry of putriciable organic matter into the main stream can be restricted. The water in the artificial pond should be replaced and separate treatment should be provided to this polluted water.
The upper reaches of the Godavari drainage basin are occupied by the Deccan Traps containing minerals like magnetite, epidote, biotite, zircon, chlorite etc (metallic minerals). The middle part of the basin is principally composed of phyllites, quartzites, amphiboles and granites (rocks). The downstream part of the middle basin is occupied mainly by sediments and rocks of the Gondwana group RESOURCES IN GODAVARI BASIN
▪ Reuse and recycle of treated wastewater for construction, gardening etc.
▪ Regular maintenance and up gradation of STPs should be carried out for effective treatment of wastewater. The working status of each STP performance unit should be strictly checked in order to comply the standards.
VEGETATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS
• Weeping Bottlebrush (Callistemon viminalis)
• Ash species (Alphitonia species)
❑
• Black Bean (Castanospermumaustral)
PROPOSALS :
❑
• Rose Gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
❑
▪ inputs by devotees is also essential to check the pollution at the banks of temples. The following measures should be considered:
❑
INDUSTRY IN GODAVARI BASIN GODAVARI RIVER IN TELANGANA STATE Godavari river flows east emptying into Bay of Bengal draining Telangana for almost 18.8% through its extensive network of tributaries Godavari enters into Telangana in Nizamabad district at Kandakurthy where Manjira, Haridra rivers joins Godavari and forms Triveni Sangamam. The river flows along the border between Nirmal and Mancherial districts in the north and Nizamabad, Jagityal, Peddapalli Ramagundam districts to its south About 12 km (7 5 mi) after entering Telangana it merges with the back waters of the Sriram Sagar Dam The river after emerging through the dam gates, enjoys a wide river bed, often splitting to encase sandy islands. The river receives a minor but significant tributary Kadam river. It then emerges at its eastern side to act as state border with Chattisgarh only to later enter into Bhadradri Kothagudem district In this district the river flows through an important Hindu pilgrimage town – Bhadrachalam. The river further swells after receiving a minor tributary Kinnerasani River and exits into Andhra Pradesh River Godavari is under the serious threat as a result of the growing Urbanization and industrialization. The river has been dying at an alarming rate due to the pollution created by the factories The main reason behind the pollution of Godavari river is the tiny Nakavaggu rivulet, which joins the Manjira, tributary of the Godavari. Nakavaggu rivulet supports no life at all. Rivulet is surrounded by the highly productive agricultural land, which is polluted by the large number of industries lying near the twin cities of Secunderabad and Hyderabad However the 72 industries in the Patancheru Industrial area dumping the chemicals and waste into the water are most responsible for the pollution of the river. It has also given rise to some of the major diseases such as lung cancer, leukemia, and liver cancer
• Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina)
❑
❑
❑
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 35 PLANNING COLLOQUIUM
❑
❑
▪ De-siltation of other dams need to be carried out as silted dams reduce water flow.
• Lilly Pilly (Acmenasmithii'narrowleavedform’).
▪ 100% collection of wastewater from the Municipal area should be achieved in order to avoid any wastewater directly entering into the river. Wherever collection process is not feasible in short time, in situ nalla treatment should be adopted
❑
Physically, El Malecon has no obvious elements of interest, but culturally, El Malecon is a microcosm of Havana’s life, earning the nick name of The City’s Window ’ Today, Habeneros, the name for locals, and tourist embrace El Malecon twenty four hours a day It is filled with tourists taking photos of dilapidated buildings, Habeneros on romantic strolls, elderly gentleman playing dominos, on the sea wall and people discussing latest baseball scores. This neighbourhood’s failing infrastructure lacks usable and maintained public spaces to enhance the quality of life for its residence
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 36 AIAC COMPETETION
T H E M E
Atelier International d'Architecture Construite (AIAC) Competetion 2017 M A L E C O N
The proposal aims to define the role of Malecon stretch in the wider context of THE CITY OF HAVANA. Based on an understanding of the existing land uses and activities, that zones around the stretch can be described as historical, commercial, administrative, and social In this context the proposal exhibits Malecon stretch as a cultural space Rather than introducing alien activities for built structures to an already vibrant stretch, the proposal aims to organically
THE PROPOSALS TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 37 AIAC COMPETETION
GOLCONDA PRECINTS HERITAGE CONSERVATION PLAN EXPANSIONSETTLEMENT
❑
❑
PICTURES: TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 36 HERITAGE CONSERVATION
SIGNIFICANCE OF SELECTED STRETCH: 1687 AD
INTRODUCTION TO THE SITE: FATEH
FATEH DARWAJA PLAN
FATEH DARWAJA TO HABASHI KAMAN
During the reign of Qutub Shahi dynasty, Golconda was the capital This was the period during which Sultan Zam Sheed, Ibrahim Qutub Shahi and IVth Sultan, Mohammed Quli, who was also the founder of Hyderabad, ascended the throne At that time, during the reign of the Sultans, the capital came to be known as Mohammed Nagar Being the capital city, all the major religious, military, administrative offices and important buildings were built In this stretch
During the period of 1951 52 the fort was passed under the control of ASI
SELECTED STRETCH / STUDY
Fateh Darwaza is of historical prominence, as Aurangzeb’s triumphant army marched through this gate after capturing the fort hence the name
FATEH DARWAJA {ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE}:
AREA:
• While at the ground level the passage is defended by the guards posted in the recesses provided for them There area large holes in the merlons of the parapet The gateway is 26’feet in height and 12’feet in width with massive doors of teak wood
❑
❑
HISTORICAL MAP OF GOLCONDA FORT CIRCA 924 1099 AH / 1518
Out of 8 Darwajas( gates) only 3 are in use now In these , Fateh Darwaja (victory gate ) is very significant since the period of Qutub shahis, this route called raj path of Golconda, having chota and Bada bazar (daimond market) in this stretch with Ashur khana (Amour & weapon storage building), khazana Ghar and African Gaurdlines
• Fateh Darwaja, the main entrance of the fort and the city is entered through a sinuous/zigzag barbican. Its has two large wings projecting from the walls with crenellated parapets and box machicolations on top which defend entire entrance passage
❑
•
• Their area plated with iron and covered with iron studs and pointed spikes all over the surface.it gives grim effect to their facing and injure the heads of battering elephants Golconda Fort is located in the western part of Hyderabad city and is about 9 km from the Hussain Sagar Lake. It was originally known as Mankal, and built on a hilltop in the year 1143 The outer fort occupies an area of 03 square kilometres, which is 4 8 kilometres in length It was originally a mud fort under the reign of Rajah of Warangal Later it was fortified between 14th and 17th centuries by the Bahmani Sultans and then the ruling Qutub Shahi dynasty Golconda was the principal capital of the Qutub Shahi kings DARWAJA
•
•
LANGAR TALAB 500450400350300250200150100500 9:00 to 9:30 AM Total 1:00 to 1:30 PM Total 4:00 to 4:30 PM Total 5:30 to 6:00 PM Total TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNT {FATEH DARWAJA to GOLCONDA}: Type Domestic Year 2001 2011 2021 2031 Hyderabad 553800 8294537 16035274 23776011 State 775138 49474784 98174430 146874076 Type Foreign Year 2001 2011 2021 2031 Hyderabad 153800 231503 309206 386909 State 155248 232920 310592 388264 ❑ Based on Arithmetic projection following figures have been evolved TOURIST FLOW: 100%99%98%97%96%95%94% 2016 Golconda 2016 Hyderabad ANNUAL SHARE OF TOURIST TO GOLCONDA OF HYDERABAD: PROPOSED ONE WAY ROAD CROSS SECTION: ❑ Encroachments and very poor maintenance by archeological survey of india (ASI). ❑ New buildings were built attached to the entrance gate of old structure. ❑ No vigilance and safeguarding measures leading to misuse by public. ❑ Threat to heritage environment with colors and constructions. ❑ As per Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (AMASR 2010), provision of: PROTECTED AREA – WALLED FORT PROHIBITED AREA 100 METRES REGULATED AREA – 200 METRES ❑ Restoration works can be carried out for conservation of the building. ❑ Granite cobblestones can be used for constructing pedestrian paths. ❑ Kisoks can be provided for the convenience of hawkers. ❑ Art on dustbins can strongly convey the environmental philosophy of the area proposed for every 50mtrs ISSUES & PROPOSALS: EXISTING STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS: WATER NETWORK OF HYDERBAD TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 37 HERITAGE CONSERVATION
GOLKONDA VIEW FROM LANGAR TALAB IN 1950’S Adequate supply of water, life’s vital necessity, was most essential for Golconda. Provisions for this was not neglected since medieval time A great ramification of network of water pipes and aqueducts in and around Golkonda shows keenly alive the Qutub Shahi's were due Provision of this needs. Marco polo wo had visited Golconda was impressed by this efficient water supply system that lavishly Channelized water through terracotta pipe line to all parts of the palaces complex and other buildings, keeping reservoirs full and fountains played at all levels, even on the top of the hill
•
• For the purpose of Agriculture(wheat was their major crop during that time hence got Makki talab ) and Drinking water to the residents of Golconda Fort , the first ruler Sultan Quli Qutb ul Mulk built Makki talab (langer Houz tank) 1 km away & Durgam Tank (83 acres) 3km away in 1518, and from lake to the fort this water is transported with an extensive network of acqaducts, channels and pipes were built, these channels were partially subterranean(under ground). To lift water form wells to the BalaHisar / Citadel at height of 400 ft. above, the Iranian Hydrological Technique was Adopted by use of wheel.
GREEN SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM – SPA ENVIS FIELD VISITS | SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT BY CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM COURSE STRUCTURE: 1. Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] (1 Hour - Theory) 2. Environment Impact Assessment [EIA] Procedure (1 Hour - Theory) 3. Methodology of Environment Impact Identification (2 Hours - Theory) 4. Enumeration of all impacts associated with the project (2 Hours - Theory) 5. Environmental Impact Assessment legal policies and regulations (2 HoursTheory) 6. Environmental Clearance Checklist for different types of buildings in Delhi region (2 Hours Theory) 7. Procedure to conduct monitoring survey record of observations and preparation of checklist for a project (30 Hours – Theory and Practical) 8. Coordination with environmental Cell / State Environmental Clearance Agency (2 Hours – Theory and Practical) 9. Case study (12 Hours – Theory and Practical) 10. Field visit (10 Hours – Practical) 11. Map reading basic training in AutoCAD and preparation of environmental based map (16 Hours – Practical) IMAGE GALLERY: NEELA HAUZ BIO-DIVERSITY PARK “From Barren to Beautiful” 01.Concrete road 02.bituminous road 03.hydraulically bond road construction 04. ground improvement 05 earth embankment 06 earthwork cuttings 07 shallow foundation 08 deep foundation 09 utilities: new trenches 10 utilities: reinstatement 11 substructure 12 concrete structure13 industrial buildings 14 residential buildings CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT Parameter cwsBefore cwsAfter Acidity level (pH) 7.8 6.78 Biochemical demand(BOD)oxygen 40 4.0 Chemical demand(COD)oxygen 80 0.7 oxygen(DO)dissolved 0 3.4 Phosphate 103 14 Total solidsdissolved(TDS) 600 298 TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 40 CITY ENVIRONMENT SURVEYOR
SCANNING OF THE ANALOG MAPS (CONVERTING ANALOG TO RASTER IMAGES):
GEO-SPATIAL SUPPORT FOR GOVERNMENT LAND ENCROACHMENTS : GHMC DIGITAL HYDERABAD LAND SHEETS(ROM’S) PREPARATION: Hyderabad, the capital of Indian state of Telangana, is located in the central part of the Telangana. Geographically the city is located in the northern part of Deccan plateau, in Southern India on the banks of Musi River. The modern Hyderabad is spread over an area of 650 km2 (250 sq. mi), making it one of the largest metros in India. OBJECTIVES & SCOPE OF WORK ▪ Digitalization of Hyderabad Land Maps. ▪ Geo-referenced on High resolution satellite Maps and joining the Land records Pahani data. ▪ Analysis of Identified Encroachment of Government Lands with reference to Very High Resolution Satellite Image ▪ Development of Web portal for Decision support analysis INTRODUCTIONMETHODOLOGYTO THE PROJECT ASSIGNED
The digital land map, the fundamental component of cadastral system, is not a map in the traditional sense In the present work, from the scanned Land map, digital Land map is prepared by digitization method in GIS environment. The digitized land map of Himayat nagar area is shown in Below Fig. Then the digitized land map is converted in Shape file to create the topology and to calculate the areas of Town survey numbers. The vector layer of the Land map with full topological relationships is shown in the figure. The Hyderabad Land maps are scanned using raster scanner.
While scanning, the important parameter DPI (Dots per inch) has to be precisely set. The DPI is set based on drawing characteristics and information required. In general, following minimum specifications should be adopted while scanning the ROM Sheets. Maps are scanned at 100-200 DPI Black/White (8 bit grey tone) mode depending upon the density of the features. The raster image of scanned map stored in TIFF format (* tif) The scanned map is oriented upright (North oriented) The scanned map is cleaned and checked for free from noise (unnecessary pixels or darkness in the image) To remove the noise, de-speckling is applied
TALEPALLI SUBHASH GURURAJA 41 INTERNSHIP PROJECT
