ქართული უმაღლესი იურიდიული განათლების ხარისხის კვლევის ანგარიში by საქართველოს ახალგაზრდა იურისტთა ასოციაცია/Georgian Young Lawyers' Association

qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis angariSi

Tbilisi 2014

kvleva dafinansebulia evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis mier ~samoqalaqo iniciativa damoukidebeli sasamarTlosTvis~ proeqtis farglebSi, amerikeli xalxis daxmarebiTa da SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa (USAID) da aRmosavleTdasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) meSveobiT. Sinaarsze pasuxismgeblebi arian kvlevis ganmaxorcielebeli organizaciebi: saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi, konstituciis 42-e muxli, elsa saqarTvelo. SesaZlebelia, kvlevaSi gamoxatuli Sexedulebebi ar emTxveodes evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis, USAID-is, amerikis mTavrobis an aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) Sexedulebebs. kvleva ganxorcielda koalicia `damoukidebeli da gamWvirvale marTlmsajulebis~ mier proeqtis - ~xarisxiani ganaTleba Zlieri institutebisaTvis` - farglebSi.

saias iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi

avtorebi: giorgi gobroniZe nino TvalTvaZe maka gioSvili zurab beJaSvili socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti redaqtori: xaTuna yviralaSvili teq. redaqtori: irakli svaniZe gamocemaze pasuxismgebeli: Tamar metreveli

aiwyo da dakabadonda saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondSi. j. kaxiZis q.15 Tbilisi 0102 saqarTvelo (+995 32) 295 23 53, 293 61 01 akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, fondis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe ------------------------------------------------------------------------ÂŠ 2014, saias iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi

Sinaarsi kvlevis reziume ................................................................................................................................... 5 Sesavali ................................................................................................................................................ 15 1. kvlevis mizani da meTodologia ............................................................................................. 16 1.1. kvlevis mizani ........................................................................................................................... 16 1.2. kvlevis meTodologia ............................................................................................................ 17 1.2.1. kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponenti ................................................................................ 17 1.2.2. kvlevis raodenobrivi komponenti .......................................................................... 21 1.2.3. kvlevis demografiuli profili ............................................................................. 22 2. ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis praqtikis mimoxilva ................................................ 25 2.1. mimoxilvis Sesaxeb .................................................................................................................. 25 2.2. iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebi ............................................................. 26 2.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi ........................................................................................ 27 2.2.2. komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris ................................................................ 28 2.2.3. iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba ........................................................ 30 3. qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis praqtikis mimoxilva ................................................. 35 3.1. sakanonmdeblo aqtebis mimoxilva ...................................................................................... 36 3.1.1. reforma ........................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.2. akreditacia/avtorizacia ......................................................................................... 37 3.1.3. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura da marTva .............. 38 3.1.4. regulirebadi profesia ............................................................................................. 38 3.1.5. faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze ... 42 3.2. silabusebisa da programebis analizi ............................................................................... 44 3.2.1. saswavlo kursis programebi ..................................................................................... 45 3.2.2. silabusis Sefasebis indikatorebi ......................................................................... 47 3.2.3. Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.3. saganmanaTleblo programa .................................................................................................. 50 3.3.1. swavlis safexurebi ...................................................................................................... 52 3.3.2. kvalifikaciebis struqtura umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcisaTvis .............................................................................................. 53 3.3.3. saganmanaTleblo programis komponentebi .......................................................... 55

3.3.4. programis Sefasebis indikatorebi ......................................................................... 56 3.3.5. saganmanaTleblo programebis Sefaseba ................................................................ 58 4. Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi kvleva ...................................................................................... 60 4.1. Tvisebrivi kvlevis gzamkvlevi ........................................................................................... 60 4.2. xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa saqarTveloSi ........................... 61 4.2.1. zogadi ganwyobebi ......................................................................................................... 61 4.2.2. sauniversiteto ganaTlebis xarisxi ....................................................................... 63 4.2.3. bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurze miRebuli codnis Sefaseba da profesiaSi â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Sesvlisâ&#x20AC;&#x153; moTxovnebi ..................................................... 71 4.2.4. sakvalifikacio moTxovnebis mimarT damokidebuleba ..................................... 73 4.2.5. profesiaSi darCena da sasurveli kariera ........................................................... 74 4.2.6. studentTa mobiloba ................................................................................................... 75 4.2.7. dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi ........................................................................................ 79 4.2.8. ganaTlebis ufro maRal safexurze swavlis gagrZeleba ................................. 82 4.3. Sromis bazarze kvalificiuri iuristis Sesabamisoba damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebTan .............................................................................................. 83 5. problemis saerTo Sefaseba da rekomendaciebi ................................................................ 85 5.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis zogadi Sefaseba ..................................... 85 5.2. problemebi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT .................................. 85 5.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo da Sidasauniversiteto meqanizmebi .............................................................................. 85 5.2.2. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan ..................................................................................... 88 5.2.3. saswavlo programebi ................................................................................................... 89 5.2.4. akademiuri personali ................................................................................................. 90 5.3. sxva tendenciebi ...................................................................................................................... 90

kvlevis reziume saqarTvelo gardamaval etapze myofi saxelmwifoa, romelic iswrafvis kanonis uzenaesobisa da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisken. am miznis miRwevaSi sakvanZo rols TamaSobs Zlieri, kargad ganviTarebuli samarTlebrivi institutebi, rogoricaa sasamarTlo, prokuratura, advokatTa korpusi da a.S. am institutebis gaZlierebisa da ganviTarebis umTavres pirobas, saxelmwifoSi arsebuli politikuri nebis, samoqalaqo kontrolis da sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis garda, warmoadgens kompetenturi kadrebi, romelTa gareSec warmoudgenelia mocemuli institutebis efeqturi funqcionireba. nebismier qveyanaSi momzadebuli kadrebis profesionalizmis umTavresi ganmsazRvrelia saganmanaTleblo sistema. Sesabamisad, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi uSualod aisaxeba sasamarTlo, samarTaldamcav, sxva sajaro Tu kerZo samsaxuris TanamSromelTa momzadebis xarisxsa da profesionalizmis doneze. saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi fundamenturad ar Seswavlila mas Semdeg, rac gasuli saukunis 90dian wlebSi universitetebma moipoves avtonomiuroba da damoukideblad aiRes sakuTar Tavze xarisxiani ganaTlebis miwodebis pasuxismgebloba. dResac saqarTveloSi araTu ar mimdinareobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvleva, aramed ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvrebac ki. „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblebis dokumenti“ mxolod im minimaluri kompetenciebis CamonaTvals gvaZlevs, romlebic unda hqondes Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis (bakalavri, magistri, doqtori) mflobels. xolo rogor unda miiRos aRniSnuli kompetencia studentma umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisgan, ar aris mocemuli. kvlevis mizani da amocanebi qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis ZiriTadi mizania, gamoavlinos, Tu ramdenad xarisxian umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas awodeben saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebi studentebs, aseve, ra saxis moTxovnebs uyenebs Sromis bazari saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs da ramdenad akmayofileben kursdamTavrebulebi Sromis bazris moTxovnebs. miznidan gamomdinare, kvlevis amocanas warmoadgens:  „xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis“ cnebis gansazRvra, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis indikatorebis gamoyofas;

rac gulisxmobs

 saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebis mier iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefaseba gamovlenili indikatorebis safuZvelze;  iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis mimarT Sromis bazris moTxovnebis gamovlena. aseve, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis Sesabamisobis Semowmeba Tanamedrove Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan. kvlevis meTodologia kvleva warimarTa rogorc Tvisebrivi, ise raodenobrivi kvlevis meTodebis gamoyenebiT. pirvel etapze momzadda kvlevis Teoriuli nawili, risTvisac mkvlevarTa jgufma ganaxorciela rogorc qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis

sakanonmdeblo da sauniversiteto regulirebis dokumentebis Seswavla da analizi, aseve saukeTeso ucxouri iuridiuli praqtikis Seswavla. yuradReba gamaxvilda iseT indikatorebze, rogoricaa: saswavlo sistemis sakanonmdeblo da instituciuri regulireba, saswavlo procesis organizeba, struqtura, xarisxis mopovebisa da profesiaSi Sesvlis standartebi, kvleviTi saqmianoba, swavlebis meTodologia. moxda TiToeuli qveynis wamyvani universitetebis praqtikis gaanalizeba, ra drosac, garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, ZiriTadi aqcentebi gakeTda saswavlo kurikulumebze, uSualod universitetSi saswavlo procesis organizebaze da saswavlo procesis moqnilobaze. aman mkvlevarebs saSualeba misca, SeegrovebinaT sakmarisi informacia Tvisebrivi kvlevis warmarTvisTvis. Sedegad, momzadda fokus-jgufis gzamkvlevi. fokus jgufebSi warmodgenilni iyvnen rogorc iuridiuli ganaTlebis eqspertebi, ise Sromis bazris msxvili moTamaSeebi. Sesabamisad, Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi ganxorcielda, erTi mxriv, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kriteriumebis dadgena, meore mxriv ki - Sromis bazris Seswavla. Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis indikatorebiT momzadda kiTxvari, romlis safuZvelzec Catarda raodenobrivi kvleva da gamoikiTxa 1350 adamiani: 1000 studenti, 350 profesor-maswavlebeli da iuridiuli fakultetis administraciis warmomadgeneli. kvlevam moicva saqarTveloSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela umaRlesi saswavlebeli, romelic studentebs umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas sTavazobs. kvlevis etapebi ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilva ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebis mimoxilvis ZiriTadi mizani gaxlavT iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi indikatorebis dadgena. Sesabamisad, muSaobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo imas, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben ucxoeTis qveynebSi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs. mimoxilvis mizani ar yofila imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli qveynis modelia saqarTvelosTvis idealuri. dasaxuli amocanis gadasaWrelad, mkvlevarTa jgufma Seiswavla 11 qveynis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema. qveynebis SerCevisas yuradReba gamaxvilda ramdenime ZiriTad faqtorze: geografiuli mdebareoba, samarTlebrivi kultura, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis unikaluroba. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeirCa Semdegi qveynebi: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, kanada, inglisi, germania, safrangeTi, niderlandebi, belgia, Sveicaria, litva, CexeTi da poloneTi. bunebrivia, Sesaswavli saxelmwifoebidan yvela ver iqneba ganxiluli, rogorc umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis warmatebuli modelis magaliTi. Tumca, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso iyo is garemoebebic, romlebic xels uSlida calkeul qveynebs iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnasa da ganviTarebaSi. am kvlevis safuZvelze, Seiqmna diskusiis gzamkvlevi. kvlevis Sedegad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxisaTvis mniSvnelovan elementebad warmodgenili iqna: â&#x20AC;˘ umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi; â&#x20AC;˘ umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulaciebis SemuSavebis meqanizmebi; komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris;

•

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba. es, Tavis mxriv, moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa arCeviTi sagnebis simravle, interdisciplinuroba, akademiuri personali da sagnebis Sesabamisoba qveyanaSi arsebul tendenciebTan;

qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis mimoxilva saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli raime specialuri samarTlebrivi aqti, garda „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblis dokumentisa“. Sesabamisad, qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis Seswavlis farglebSi moeqca yvela is kanoni da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic saqarTveloSi umaRles ganaTlebas, ganaTlebis xarisxs, akreditaciisa da avtorizaciis process aregulirebs. analizis safuZvelze gamoikveTa is faqtorebic, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze da pirdapir Tu iribad ganapirobebs kvalificiuri iuridiuli korpusis formirebas qveyanaSi. es faqtorebia: 1. iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standarti - iuridiuli, rogorc regulirebadi akademiuri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programa, specifikur midgomas da regulirebas saWiroebs. amitom mizanSewonilad migvaCnia dargobrivi regulirebis meqanizmis, unificirebuli aqtis Seqmna (mag. kanoni iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs iuridiuli ganaTlebis erTian saxelmwifo standarts, romelSic saxelmwifo mkafiod daafiqsirebs pozicias, ras niSnavs kvalifikacia iuristi? ra unda icodes, ra unar-Cvevebs unda flobdes?) 2. xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris qmediTi roli - sasurvelia am samsaxuris gaZliereba da erTiani meTodologiis daxvewa, strategiuli xedvebis Camoyalibeba da samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba. sasurvelia, fokusi gakeTdes regulirebad profesiebze, raTa saxelmwifos principuli damokidebuleba gamoCndes am profesiebis mimarT, mudmivad unda moxdes xarisxis kontrolis mxardaWera, raTa Zlieri iuristTa korpusi Camoyalibdes qveyanaSi. 3. biblioTeka - biblioTekebis mdgomareoba universitetebSi Sors aris idealurisagan. am mxriv aucilebelia, gagrZeldes muSaoba da biblioTeka studentebisaTvis erTerT yvelaze xelmisawvdom adgilad iqces, sadac isini yvelaze did dros gaatareben. 4. akademiuri personali - unda aRiniSnos, rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrda tendencia, rom erTi da igive piri dakavebul iqna ramdenime universitetSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da, realurad Tu vimsjelebT, xSirad warmoudgenelia erTi adamianis mier aseTi masStabis samuSaos Sesruleba. aucilebelia adgilobrivi kadrebis maqsimaluri waxaliseba, raTa ar moxdes mxolod ramdenime piris datvirTva Seusabamod didi odenobis saaTebiT, rac sabolood xels uSlis xarisxiani da kvalificiuri leqciebis sistematiur Catarebas. silabusebis da programebis analizi qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo normebis analizis paralelurad, kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis sakvanZo nawils warmoadgens uSualod qarTuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis samarTlis silabusebis da programebis analizi. silabusebis analizis Sedegad, gamoikveTa Semdegi problemebi:

saxelmwifo universitetebi • swavlebis meTodebSi CamoTvlilia TiTqmis yvela SesaZlo meTodi. praqtikaSi yvela maTganis gamoyeneba Sesabamis saleqcio kviraSi SeuZlebelia; • swavlebis meTodad mxolod klasikuri leqciaa miTiTebuli. miznebi ki, scdeba meTodebs. mxolod klasikuri leqciiT gamoricxulia iseTi dasaxuli Sedegebis miReba, rogoricaa kvleviTi unarebis gaumjobeseba; • swavlis Sedegebi ar aris gaazrebuli. amasTan, ar aris dakonkretebuli, Tu romeli sagani ra Sedegis momtani SeiZleba iyos. zog SemTxvevaSi - ar weria, zog SemTxvevaSi ki - mxolod mSralad aris yvela miTiTebuli (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi); • ar aris miTiTebuli informacia imis Sesaxeb, sagani savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi. marTalia, es savaldebulo moTxovna ar aris, Tumca, rekomendirebulia, radgan students gaumartivebs sagnis momzadebas silabusis safuZvelze; • ar aris Sevsebuli grafa: saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapiroba. kerZo universitetebi • saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi, zog SemTxvevaSi, arasaTanadod aris Camoyalibebuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, aklia Sesabamisi literaturis zusti (gverdebis) miTiTeba; • ar aris miTiTebuli leqtoris vinaoba, statusi da monacemebi; • kreditebi:  kreditebis raodenoba naklebia realurad studentis mier gasawev samuSaoze;  ar ikveTeba saaTobrivad studentis datvirTva; • zedmetad farTod aris Camoyalibebuli saswavlo kursis miznebi; • swavlis Sedegebi ar aris dakonkretebuli (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi). rac Seexeba saswavlo programebis analizs, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendenciebi: saxelmwifo universitetebis SemTxvevaSi: • saganmanaTleblo programis Sedegebi ar aris mkafiod Camoyalibebuli. Sesabamisad, aris miznebTan misi Sesabamisobis problema; • programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba standarts; • zogadad weria biblioTekaze, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S. • programaSi vxvdebiT arCeviTi sagnebis simcires; • kreditebis gadanawilebis sistema Seusabamoa; • programa Zalian zogadia; • misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad ar aris miTiTebuli.

kerZo universitetebis SemTxvevaSi: • misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad ar aris miTiTebuli; • dasaqmebis sferoebi ar aris miTiTebuli; • saswavlo kursebze kreditebis gadanawileba ar ikveTeba; • programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba standarts; • zogadad weria biblioTekaze, rom is Seesabameba standarts, Tumca, miTiTebuli ar aris aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S. Tvisebrivi kvleva damsaqmebelTa moTxovnis Seswavlis garda, Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi mizani raodenobrivi kvlevis kiTxvarisTvis iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis gamoyofa iyo. Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi SegviZlia Semdegi saxiT warmovadginoT: xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis erT-erT ZiriTad winapirobas warmoadgens saswavlo procesis (saswavlo programa universitetebSi, praqtikuli samuSao, staJireba da a.S.) imgvarad dagegmva, rom iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulis kvalifikacia Seesabamebodes Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs. Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi gamovlinda is ramdenime komponenti („sistemuri“ indikatorebi), romlebic, gamokiTxulTa azriT, xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis garantias warmoadgens: saswavlo programa - kvlevis monawileTa nawili (ZiriTadad samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi/damsaqmeblebi) emxroboda mosazrebas, rom iurists unda gaaCndes zogadi kvalifikacia, xolo nawili mxars uWerda iuristTa viwro specializacias me-3 kursidan. kvlevis monawileebs Soris gamoikveTa mosazreba, Teoriul codnasTan erTad, praqtikuli gamocdilebis gaRrmavebis Sesaxeb (miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi sworad gamoyenebis unari). xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebas aseve xels uwyobs: interaqtiuli leqciebis Catareba, kazusebis amoxsna, iuridiuli literaturis qarTul enaze Targmna (mosamarTleebma miuTiTes, rom qarTul enaze Targmnili iuridiuli literaturis ararseboba mniSvnelovan bariers qmnis xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebisa da Semdgomi dasaqmebisTvis). kvalificiuri personali - saswavlo programa warmatebiT ver ganxorcieldeba Sesabamisi adamianuri resursis gareSe (jgufur diskusiebze miuTiTes, rom profesormaswavlebelTa ZiriTadi nawili Teoretikosia da, arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac isini saqmis kursSi ar arian kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebis Sesaxeb). praqtikosi profesormaswavleblebis raodenobis gazrda (romelTa mozidva universitetebSi sakmaod problemuria maTi datvirTuli samuSao grafikis gamo), romlebic SeimuSaveben xarisxian da gamarTul silabusebs, uzrunvelyofs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis zrdas. kvlevis monawileTa azriT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze negatiurad aisaxeba studentTa gazrdili raodenoba jgufebSi (universitetebma, Sromis bazris moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda daadginon iuridiul fakultetze misaRebi abiturientebis raodenoba, Tumca, komerciuli mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ase ar xdeba). amas garda, zogierTi monawile uaryofiTad afasebda iuridiuli ganaTlebis arsebul models,

romelic dasavluri modelis analogia da gadmotanilia yovelgvari adaptaciis gareSe. kvlevis monawileebma miuTiTes unarebi, romlebic unda gaaCndes kvalificiur iurists/kursdamTavrebuls, rom bazarze moTxovnadi gaxdes: • samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna (Teoria); • ucxo enis da kompiuteruli programebis codna; • menejmentis da klientebTan/moqalaqeebTan komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi; • weriTi da verbalurad argumentirebuli msjeloba; • im qveynis samarTlis codna, romeli qveynis sawarmosTan/organizaciasTanac eqneba iurists urTierToba (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi); • sajaro moxelis profesiuli eTikis codna; • interpretaciis unari; • pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. Sromis bazarze damkvidrebisaTvis mniSvneloba eniWeba im konkretul kriteriumebs, romlebic aucilebelia iuristis profesiaSi SesvlisTvis. mag: testireba ver uzrunvelyofs profesionalizmis dadgenas da saWiroa damatebiTi komponentebis (kazusebis amoxsnis, gasaubrebis da a.S.) Semotana. kvlevaSi monawileTa nawili uaryofiTad afasebs advokatebisa da mosamarTleebis profesiaSi Sesasvlelad aucilebeli staJirebis xangrZlivobas da misi gazrdis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs. kvalificiur iuristad Camoyalibebasa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi, romelic Sromis bazarze adgilis mopovebis garantiaa, erT-erT mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs iuridiuli klinika, romelic rCeba universitetSi arsebuli praqtikuli codnis deficitis Sevsebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan alternativad. Tumca, Sromis bazarze arsebobs klinikis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba. garda amisa, yvela universitets ar aqvs iuridiuli klinika da studentTa miRebac SezRudulia adamianuri resursis naklebobis gamo. raodenobrivi kvleva raodenobrivi kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom oTxive samizne jgufis respondentebis (bakalavrebi, magistrantebi, doqtorantebi, profesor-maswavleblebi) gamokveTili umravlesobis (70%-ze meti) azriT, saqarTveloSi mwvave problemas warmoadgens xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miReba. amave dros, respondentebi (yvela jgufSi) dadebiTad afaseben iuridiuli profilis mqone TiTqmis yvela kategoriis specialistis (mosamarTleebi, advokatebi, prokurorebi/gamomZieblebi, notariusebi, iuriskonsultebi) kvalifikacias. erTaderTi gamonaklisia gamomZieblebi/prokurorebi, romelTa kvalifikacia uaryofiTad fasdeba profesor-maswavleblebis jgufSi. kvalifikaciis pozitiuri Sefasebis velSi yvelaze metad dawinaurebulni arian notariusebi da mosamarTleebi, xolo SedarebiT naklebad - iuriskonsultebi da advokatebi. iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebidan uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi xvdeba zogadad regionuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi (rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo). oTxive kategoriis respondentTa dadebiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs yvela sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba - gansakuTrebiT, iusticiis umaRlesi skola. Tumca, pozitiuri damokidebulebebi narCundeba sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mimarT Semdegi prioritetulobiT: saqarTvelos

iusticiis saswavlo centri, saias iuridiuli swavlebisa da informaciis centri, TbilisSi arsebuli saxelmwifo da kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebi. amave dros, aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa mniSvnelovan raodenobas (15-35%) sxvadasxva jgufSi gauWirda sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Sefaseba (iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT), umaRlesi saswavleblebis (universitetebis) garda. TbilisSi arsebuli kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis mimarT dadebiTi Sefaseba ufro mZafria kerZo universitetebis yvela samizne jgufis respondentebs Soris, saxelmwifo universitetebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT. raodenobriv kvlevaze saubrisas aRsaniSnavia, rom, marTalia, gamokiTxulTa 70% xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas miiCnevs mwvave problemad, zogadi damokidebulebebi dadebiTia. aseT dros yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ukmayofiloTa nawils, romelic SedarebiT mcirea, magram - gasaTvaliswinebeli. magaliTad: Tu 10 studentidan 4 studentia ukmayofilo da 6 kmayofili, umravlesoba kmayofili gamodis, Tumca, SesaZloa, 4 studentis azri Tavisi ~woniT~ ufro mniSvnelovania, Tu saqme karg da motivirebul studentebTan gvaqvs, romlebic viTarebas ufro kritikulad uyureben. saSualo monacemebi asaxavs zogad tendencias, romelSic umravlesobis azrs upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, Tumca, Cven aqcenti unda davsvaT ara mxolod zogad tendenciaze, aramed uaryofiTad ganwyobilTa kritikul raodenobazec. imavdroulad, amgvari Sedegi SesaZloa asaxavdes studentebis gulgril damokidebulebas saswavlo procesis mimarT da kritikuli masis naklebobas, rac, Tavisi arsiT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani problemaa saqarTvelos iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi. kvlevis rekomendaciebi 1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo da Sida sauniversiteto regulireba interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvalis miuxedavad, mainc arsebobs safrTxe, rom avtorizacia/akrediataciis jgufis wevrsa da maZiebels Soris Sedges garkveuli garigeba, kerZod, statusis mopovebis sanacvlod, momavalSi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis SeTavazebis saxiT. imisTvis, rom aRniSnuli riski minimumamde Semcirdes, mizanSewonilia, Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo aqtSi gakeTdes daTqma, rom avtorizaciis/akreditaciis jgufis wevrs, akreditaciidan/avtorizaciidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ar hqondes SesaZlebloba, SromiTi urTierToba daamyaros maZiebel dawesebulebasTan. aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems, Tavidan aviridoT ara marto interesTa konfliqti procesis dasawyisSi, aramed nebismieri daintereseba eqspertTa jgufis mxridan, samomavlod dasaqmebis perspeqtiviT. kidev erTi problemuri sakiTxi aris akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesi. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis procesSi ver moxerxda gamoTqmuli SiSebis calsaxa dadastureba an uaryofa, mizanSewonilia, gadaixedos akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT. kerZod, sabWos muSaobaSi, garda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlebisa, CaerTon iuristTa profesiuli gaerTianebebi da interesTa jgufebi sxvadasxva seqtoridan. iuridiuli profesia, kanonis mixedviT, â&#x20AC;&#x17E;regulirebadiaâ&#x20AC;&#x153;, eqimisa da pedagogis profesiebis gverdiT. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi dRemde ar arsebobs kanoni umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tumca, sxva regulirebadi profesiebi ukve moeqcnen sakanonmdeblo CarCoebSi.

mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb specialuri kanonis miReba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxisa da standartebis gansazRvras. aseve, SesaZlebeli iqneboda im problemuri sakiTxebis kanoniT gawera, romlebic realurad aferxebs qveyanaSi iuristis profesiis ganviTarebas. iuridiuli ganaTlebis moTxovnadobidan da iuridiul fakultetze studentTa didi raodenobidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresda e.w. â&#x20AC;&#x17E;dawyebiTi iuridiuli ganaTlebisâ&#x20AC;&#x153; problemiTac. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki skolebSi gaumjobesdeba samarTlis swavlebis xarisxi, aseve, erTian erovnul gamocdebSi arCeviT sagnad CarTuli iqneba samarTlebrivi an masTan miaxloebuli disciplina, abiturienti gacilebiT momzadebuli CaerTveba saswavlo procesSi, rac, bunebrivia, dadebiTad aisaxeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze, radgan ganaTleba ar aris calmxrivi procesi. bevri ram damokidebulia ara mxolod ganaTlebis mimwodebelze, aramed codnis mimRebzec. rac Seexeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sida sauniversiteto regulirebis meqanizmebs, upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia swavlebis sistematizaciis problema, kerZod, saubari gvaqvs imaze, rom universiteti praqtikulad ar gansazRvravs da ar aregulirebs swavlebis meTodologias. universitetebis silabusebis Seswavlis procesSi naTlad gamoCnda, rom am Temas naklebi yuradReba eTmoba. es tendencia gansakuTrebiT mwvaved dgas saxelmwifo universitetebSi. mniSvnelovania, Camoyalibdes garkveuli midgoma swavlebis meTodologiasTan dakavSirebiT, SemuSavdes calkeul disciplinebze swavlebis meTodebisa da maTi monitoringis sistemebi. mniSvnelovania aseve saswavlo programebis regulirebis sakiTxi rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo universitetebSi. garda aRniSnulisa, saxelmwifo universitetebSi SeiniSneba arCeviTi sagnebis simwire, rac, rogorc Tundac iuridiuli ganaTlebis ucxouri praqtikidan Cans, xarisxiani ganaTlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. aRniSnuli problemis mosagvareblad, isev da isev, mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis erTiani standartis Camoyalibeba, romlis dakmayofilebac savaldebulo iqneba rogorc kerZo, ise umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis. mniSvnelovania monitoringis qmediTi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, rom standartebi marTlac daculi iyos praqtikaSi. es sakiTxi SesaZloa daregulirdes kanonmdeblobiT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. ramdenadac iuristis profesia umniSvnelovanesia qveyanaSi samarTlianobis, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisTvis, xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTleba ayvanili unda iyos saxelmwifo politikis rangSi. am TvalsazrisiT, mkvlevarTa jgufi misaRebad miiCnevs germanul models, sadac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba warmoadgens qveynis marTlmsajulebis politikis nawils. rac Seexeba uSualo regulirebas, mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, am mimarTulebiT yvelaze optimaluria iuridiuli ganaTlebis interesTa jgufebis CarTva xarisxis gansazRvrisa da kontrolis procesSi. aseve, sainteresoa amerikuli modeli, sadac saxelmwifo sakuTari funqciebis delegirebas axdens arasaxelmwifo aqtorebze, imavdroulad, ganaTlebas inarCunebs, rogorc sakuTari politikis prioritetul elements.

2. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli profesiis efeqtur regulirebasa da ganaTlebis srulyofili standartebis SemuSavebaze. Tanamedrove saswavlo meTodebi, maTi gamoyenebis efeqturi meqanizmebi, praqtikaze orientirebuli swavleba is komponentebia, romlebic unda daregulirdes ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobiTa da universitetebis Sida aqtebiT. bazarze arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis gasaumjobeseblad erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens klinikuri swavlebis gafarToeba. aseve, vlindeba komunikaciis nakleboba damsaqmebels, saxelmwifosa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris. amdenad, kidev erTxel ikveTeba xarisxis gansazRvrasa da regulirebaSi interesTa yvela jgufis CarTvis mniSvneloba. 3. saswavlo programebi Cveni azriT, mniSvnelovania, saswavlo programebis sakiTxi ganvixiloT ara mxolod universitetis Sida regulirebis meqanizmebis, aramed zogadi TvalsazrisiTac. raodenobrivi kvlevis dros calsaxad gamoikveTa, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi naklebad sTavazoben raime axals magistraturis studentebs. gamokiTxuli magistrantebidan yoveli mesame ar eTanxmeba imas, rom samagistro programa sTavazobs studentebs Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvavebul) kursebs sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT. gamokiTxul bakalavrTa meoTxedi fiqrobs, rom saswavlo programa ar iZleva saSualebas, studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia da, rom sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba ar eqceva. kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa problemebi samagistro da sadoqtoro programebze kvleviT komponentTan dakavSirebiTac. praqtikulad swavlebis yvela safexurze vawydebiT problemebs ucxo enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT. es problema, iseve rogorc viwro specializaciis sakiTxi, mwvaved idga jgufuri diskusiebis procesSic. mizanSewonilia, umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma yuradReba gaamaxvilon problemebis mogvarebis mimarTulebiT. sasurvelia, SemuSavdes garkveuli standartebi da maTi monitoringis meqanizmebi enis swavlebis da specializaciis kuTxiT. am problemis arseboba aseve miuTiTebs komunikaciis naklebobaze damsaqmebelsa da saswavlebels Soris. Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSic, Cveni rekomendaciaa interesTa jgufebis maqsimaluri CarTuloba. rogorc saswavlo programebis, aseve damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebis analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom profesiaSi Sesvla jer kidev ar niSnavs dasaqmebas. Sesabamisad, swavlis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi kritiriumi ver iqneba is faqti, rom students SeuZlia Caabaros profesiaSi Sesvlis gamocda. profesiaSi Sesvlisas dawesebuli moTxovnebi, rogorc wesi, Seesabameba studentis mier universitetSi miRebul codnas. aqedan gamomdinare, rac ufro dabalia sauniversiteto ganaTlebis xarisxi, miT ufro dabali standarti iarsebebs profesiaSi Sesvlisas.

4. akademiuri personali problemis mogvarebis efeqturi gza, upirveles yovlisa, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis optimizaciaa. es gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, iuridiul fakultetebze swavlebis xarisxis mkacr monitorings, meore mxriv ki - akademiuri personalis waxalisebas, romelsac unda SeeZlos, erT adgilas muSaobiT daikmayofilos materialuri moTxovnebi da ar iyos iZulebuli, imuSaos ramdenime dawesebulebaSi. aseve mniSvnelovania akademiuri personalis waxaliseba regionebSi. samwuxarod, regionebSi adgilobrivi akademiuri kadrebis seriozuli deficiti arsebobs.

Sesavali mimdinare kvleva, romelic warmoadgens qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis analizs, momzadda aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutisa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT, „damoukidebeli da gamWvirvale marTlmsajulebisTvis“ arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa koaliciis mxardaWeris programis farglebSi. mocemuli proeqtis implementacia ganaxorcieles „saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondma“, „konstituciis 42-e muxlma“ da „elsa - saqarTvelom“. Sesaswavli problemis sirTulidan gamomdinare, proeqtSi aseve CarTuli iyo socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti. proeqtis mimdinareobis zedamxedvelobas axorcielebda saias „iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi“. kvlevis mizans warmoadgens qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvra da Sefaseba, arsebuli problemebis determinacia da maTi gadaWris rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba. problemis sirTulidan gamomdinare, proeqtze momuSave jgufis midgoma kompleqsuria. Sesabamisad, umaRlesi iuridiuli xarisxis kvleva moicavs: umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis regulirebis ucxouri praqtikis mimoxilvas, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis analizs, aseve, saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis iuridiuli fakultetebis saswavlo programebisa da silabusebis analizs. kvleva agreTve swavlobs damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs, raTa ukeT gamokveTos kavSiri saqarTvelos umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemasa da arsebul Sromis bazars Soris. mocemuli angariSis pirveli Tavi mimoixilavs kvlevis miznebs, meTodologias, empiriuli masalis Segrovebis instrumentebs. mkvlevarTa winaSe mdgar erT-erT rTul da mniSvnelovan amocanas warmoadgenda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gazomvadi kriteriumebis dadgena. am mizniT, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ganxorcielda ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis praqtikis mimoxilva, romelic warmodgenilia angariSis meore TavSi. ucxouri praqtikis analizi warmoadgens qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gazomvadi kriteriumebis gansazRvris erT-erT komponents, Tumca, es namdvilad ar aris sakmarisi. miznis misaRwevad, mkvlevarTa jgufma detalurad Seiswavla saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo baza, aseve, qarTuli universitetebis iuridiul fakultetebze gamoyenebuli programebi da silabusebi. maT mimoxilvas angariSis mesame Tavi eTmoba. zemoT aRniSnuli nabijebi warmoadgens kvlevis Teoriuli nawilis mosamzadebel etaps, ramdenadac Segrovebuli da gaanalizebuli informaciis safuZvelze ganxorcielda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli pirveladi cvladebis determinacia. saboloo Sedegis misaRwevad Catarda Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi kvleva, romlis Sedegebic warmodgenilia meoTxe TavSi. angariSis mexuTe Tavi aris erTgvari reziume, Sejameba, sadac mTlianobaSi Sefasebulia qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema, axsnilia problemis mizezebi da mocemulia Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi.

1. kvlevis mizani da meTodologia 1.1. kvlevis mizani „xarisxiani ganaTleba Zlieri institutebisTvis“ mimarTulia qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli sistemis gaZlierebisken, aRniSnul sistemaSi arsebuli problemebis identifikaciis, maTi Seswavlisa da analizis gziT. mogexsenebaT, saqarTvelo gardamaval etapze myofi saxelmwifoa, romelic miiswrafvis kanonis uzenaesobisa da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisken. mocemuli miznis miRwevaSi sakvanZo rols TamaSobs Zlieri, kargad ganviTarebuli samarTlebrivi institutebi, rogoricaa sasamarTlo, prokuratura, advokatTa korpusi da a.S. aRniSnuli institutebis gaZlierebisa da ganviTarebis umTavres pirobas, saxelmwifoSi arsebuli politikuri nebis, samoqalaqo kontrolis da sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis garda, warmoadgens kompetenturi kadrebi, romelTa gareSec warmoudgenelia mocemuli institutebis efeqturi funqcionireba. nebismier qveyanaSi momzadebuli kadrebis profesionalizmis umTavres ganmsazRvrels warmoadgens saganmanaTleblo sistema. Sesabamisad, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi uSualod gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, samarTaldamcav, sxva sajaro Tu kerZo samsaxuris TanamSromelTa profesionalizms, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dRes, rodesac qveyanaSi araerTi instituciuri reforma mimdinareobs. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba kanonis imperatiul moTxovnas warmoadgens araerTi sajaro moxelisTvis Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvleva, arsebuli problemebis Seswavla da gamosworebis gzebis Zieba marTlmsajulebis xelSewyobis, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisa da, zogadad, samarTlebrivi kulturis daxvewis saqmeSi wingadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabijia. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis fondi, partnior organizaciebTan erTad, pirvelia, vinc qveyanaSi msgavsi kvlevis ganxorcieleba aiRo sakuTar Tavze. problema mdgomareobs imaSi, rom qveyanaSi ar mimdinareobs araTu iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvleva, aramed ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvrebac ki. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblebis dokumenti“ mxolod im minimaluri kompetenciebis CamonaTvals gvaZlevs, romlebic unda hqondes Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis (bakalavri, magistri, doqtori) mflobels, xolo rogor unda miiRos aRniSnuli kompetencia studentma umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisgan, ar aris mocemuli. qveynis saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi mimdinare procesebis analizis safuZvelze, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi fundamenturad ar Seswavlila saqarTveloSi mas Semdeg, rac universitetebma gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi avtonomia moipoves da sakuTar Tavze xarisxiani ganaTlebis miwodebis pasuxismgebloba aiRes. yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, kvlevis mizania, gamoavlinos, ramdenad xarisxian umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas awodeben saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebi studentebs. aseve, ra saxis moTxovnebs uyenebs Sromis bazari saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs da ramdenad akmayofileben kursdamTavrebulebi Sromis bazris moTxovnebs. mocemuli miznidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT kvlevis amocanebi:  „xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis“ cnebis operacionalizeba, rac gulisxmobs, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gazomvadi cvladebis gamoyofas.

 iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli dakvirvebadi cvladebis gamoyofis Semdgom etapze, saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebis mier iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefaseba gamovlenili indikatorebis safuZvelze.  iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis mimarT Sromis bazris moTxovnebis gamovlena. aseve, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan. 1.2. kvlevis meTodologia kvlevis meTodologia ganisazRvreba kvlevis obieqtis bunebiTa da kvlevis miznebiT. Cven ukve visaubreT kvlevis miznebze. rac Seexeba kvlevis obieqts, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs, erTi SexedviT, igi wminda SefasebiT kategorias ganekuTvneba da misi gazomva rTulia. Tumca, iqidan gamomdinare, rom ganaTleba aris produqti, romelsac umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi sTavazoben momxmarebels (studentebs), arsebobs misi, rogorc produqtis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebi, iseve, rogorc arsebobs moTxovna xarisxian produqtze (ganaTlebaze). amdenad, saxezea kvlevis obieqti, romelic saWiroebs sistemur da kompleqsur midgomas. Sesabamisad, kvlevis meTodologiac kompleqsuria, radganac mxolod Tvisebrivi an raodenobrivi meTodis gamoyeneba ver mogvcemda relevantur Sedegs. amdenad, kvlevis miznebisa da amocanebis misaRwevad gamoyenebul iqna, sociologiuri kvlevis rogorc raodenobrivi, aseve Tvisebrivi meTodebi. Tvisebrivi kvlevis meSveobiT, ganxorcielda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli indikatorebis dadgena, saqarTveloSi iuridiul ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis ZiriTadi tendenciebis Seswavla da iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis mimarT Sromis bazarze arsebuli dominanturi moTxovnebisa da problemebis gamovlena. Tvisebrivi kvlevis etapze gamovlenili tendenciebis validurobis Sesafaseblad Catarda raodenobrivi kvleva. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, raodenobrivi kvlevis meSveobiT moxda samizne jgufis mier (iuridiuli ganaTlebis profilis bakalavrebi, magistrebi, doqtorantebi, universitetebis profesor-maswavleblebi da administraciis warmomadgenlebi) arsebuli realobis Sefaseba im indikatorebis safuZvelze, romlebic xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas gansazRvravs. 1.2.1. kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponenti kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgenda umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis dadgena; aseve, Sromis bazarze iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirTa kvalifikaciis moTxovnisa da miwodebis urTierTSesabamisobis gansazRvra. mkvlevarTa jgufis winaSe arsebul ZiriTad gamowvevas, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, warmoadgenda iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi kriteriumebis ararseboba. yovelTvis, rodesac saubari exeba xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas, gulisxmoben swavlebis sxvadasxva komponents. imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis, rogorc produqtis xarisxis determinantebis dadgena, mkvlevarTa jgufma ganaxorciela umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis ucxouri praqtikis Seswavla da analizi; e.w. “Desk Research”, rac gulisxmobs ukve arsebuli kvlevebis gaanalizebas da, mis safuZvelze, sakvlev problemasTan dakavSirebiT dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas.

imdenad, ramdenadac saqarTveloSi faqtobrivad ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gansazRvreba, Seswavla imisa, Tu ra indikatorebiTa da maCveneblebiT xdeba ganaTlebis xarisxis standartis dadgena ucxoeTSi, calsaxad mizanSewonili iyo. ZiriTad samizne regionebs warmoadgenda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi da evropis qveynebi. mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso iyo rogorc is qveynebi, romelTac iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis mravalwliani tradicia aqvs, aseve is qveynebic, romelTac bolo periodSi SeZles ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba da sasurveli Sedegis miRweva. aqedan gamomdinare, ucxouri praqtikis Seswavla ramdenime mimarTulebiT warimarTa. erTi mxriv, damuSavda anglosaqsuri, meore mxriv ki _ kontinenturi evropis modelebi. gaanalizda, Tu ra Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemas TiToeul samarTlebriv kulturaSi, rogor xdeba bma iuridiuli ganaTlebis kerebsa da samarTlebriv institutebs Soris, rogori standartebi arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad. imavdroulad, saintereso iyo socialisturi banakis, aRmosavleT evropuli saxelmwifoebis praqtikac, romelTac SeZles iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba da met-naklebi warmatebiT im gzis gavla, romelsac amJamad saqarTvelo gadis. yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ucxouri praqtikis kvlevisas, dainteresebis qveynebis mixedviT, Seswavlil iqna:  umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebis meqanizmebi;  iuridiuli ganaTlebis calkeuli komponentebis Taviseburebebi;  iuristis profesiisadmi dayenebuli sakvalifikacio moTxovnebi;  universitetebSi arsebuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebi;  bma umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebasa da Sromis bazars Soris;  umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis standartebi;  calkeuli organizaciebis, kvleviTi institutebis mier momzadebuli dokumentebi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesaxeb;  iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba, misi etapebi, mimdinareoba;  iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefasebis xerxebi da kriteriumebi sazRvargareT. garda ucxouri praqtikis Seswavlisa, kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis farglebSi ganxorcielda saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis meqanizmebis, aseve, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Sida regulirebis aqtebis Seswavla. am ori analizis Sedegad miRebuli maCveneblis Sedarebam mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis dadgenas. kerZod, moxda pirveladi cvladebis determinacia, romelic gamoyenebuli iyo Tvisebrivi kvlevis Semdgom etapze, rac moicavda diskusiebs fokus jgufebTan. diskusiebSi monawileobdnen: 1. ganaTlebis eqspertebi; 2. dargis (iuridiuli ganaTlebis) specialistebi. aq moiazreba rogorc akademiuri personali (universitetis profesorebi), aseve praqtikosi iuristebi.

aRniSnuli specialistebis monawileobiT, saboloo jamSi, Catarda 2 jgufuri diskusia. TiToeuli fokus jgufis monawileTa raodenoba Seadgenda 8-10 adamians. ganaTlebis eqspertebsa da dargis specialistebTan jgufuri diskusiebi Catarda TbilisSi. jgufuri diskusiebi, Semadgenlobis mixedviT, Semdegnairad gadanawilda: geografiuli erTeuli

ganaTlebis eqspertebi da dargis specialistebi

diskusiebis raodenoba

Tbilisi

Sromis bazarze iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis moTxovnebisa da miwodebis gamosavlenad, Catarda jgufuri diskusiebi da siRrmiseuli interviuebi. fokus jgufebi dakompleqtda Semdegi subieqtebisgan: • advokatebis (advokatTa asociaciis warmomadgenlebi, iusticiis saministros advokatebi, iuridiuli sakonsultacio firmebis advokatebi). • arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi (isini, romlebic sxvebs sTavazoben iuridiul momsaxurebas, aseve isinic, romlebsac sakuTari saWiroebisTvis hyavT iuristi). • saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic iyeneben iuristis momsaxurebas. TiToeuli samizne jgufis monawileobiT, jgufuri diskusiebi Catarda TbilisSi, quTaissa da baTumSi. saboloo jamSi, Catarda 9 jgufuri diskusia. jgufuri diskusiebi, Semadgenlobisa da geografiuli erTeulebis mixedviT, Semdegnairad gadanawilda: geografiuli advokatebi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, kerZo diskusiebis erTeuli seqtorisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis raodenoba warmomadgenlebi Tbilisi 1 1 2 quTaisi 1 1 2 baTumi 1 1 2 diskusiebis 3 3 6 raodenoba SerCevis dizaini (jgufuri diskusiebis monawileTa SerCeva): fokus jgufis monawileTa SerCeva moxda zemoT CamoTvlili kriteriumebis mixedviT. monawileTa rekrutireba ganaxorciela supervaizorma, romelmac fokus jgufis SesaZlo monawileTa sia gadasca socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis analitikoss. kriteriumebis safuZvelze, analitikosma Seadgina ama Tu im fokus jgufis dakompleqtebis modeli da SearCia TiToeuli jgufuri diskusiisTvis relevanturi monawileebi. fokus jgufis gzamkvlevi: kvlevis instruments warmoadgenda fokus jgufis gzamkvlevi. es ukanaskneli moicavs Ria an naxevrad Ria kiTxvebs im ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gamovlenac fokus jgufis meSveobiT igegmeba. rogorc wesi, fokus jgufis gzamkvlevi daaxloebiT 15- 20 kiTxvisgan Sedgeba. moderatori fokus jgufis gzamkvlevs iyenebs, rogorc maorientirebel saSualebas diskusiis procesSi, raTa ZiriTadi sakiTxebi mxedvelobidan ar gamorCes. diskusiis procesSi gamokveTili tendenciebidan gamomdinare, moderatori gzamkvlevis modificirebas axdens konteqstis mixedviT. fokus jgufis gzamkvlevebi SeimuSava socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis analitikosma.

jgufuri diskusiebis gaZRola da Cawera: jgufur diskusiebs uZRveboda socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis moderatori. jgufuri diskusiebi Caiwera audio da video saSualebebis meSveobiT (diskusiis monawileebs winaswar ecnobaT, rom maTi saubari iwereba, analitikuri angariSis momzadebis mizniT). momzadda Cawerili masalis transkriptebi. monacemTa analizi: fokus jgufis transkriptebis Sedegad miRebuli pirveladi monacemebis analizi ramdenime safexurad ganxorcielda. Tavdapirvelad moxda teqstebis formaluri analizi. erTmaneTisgan gamoiyo analizis faqtobrivi da interpretaciuli erTeulebi. Semdeg safexurze ganxorcielda teqstebis faqtobrivi elementebis struqturuli analizi, romelic teqstebis Sedegad gamovlenili faqtobrivi masalis sistematizaciasa da gadamowmebas gulisxmobs. Semdgom etapze gaanalizda teqstebis interpretaciuli nawili da gamovlinda Sefasebis dominanturi sqemebi. analizis saboloo etapze, interpretaciuli da faqtobrivi erTeulebis sinTezis safuZvelze, ganxorcielda generalizebuli tipebis gamovlena.

CaRrmavebuli interviuebi proeqtis farglebSi sul Catarda 10 CaRrmavebuli interviu, romelTa mizani, jgufuri diskusiebis msgavsad, iyo xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis dadgena, aseve, Sromis bazarze iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis moTxovnebisa da miwodebis Sesabamisobis gamovlena. CaRrmavebuli interviuebi dakompleqtda Semdegi subieqtebisgan: 1. sasamarTlos warmomadgenlebi 2. prokuraturis warmomadgenlebi 3. kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi CaRrmavebuli interviu ganxorcielda jgufuri diskusiebis Sedegebis gamdidrebis mizniT. interviuebi Catarda jgufuri diskusiebis paralelurad. intervius xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 40 wT. interviuebis Cawera ganxorcielda audio formatSi. moxda misi damuSaveba da analizis Tvisebriv nawilSi CarTva. geografiuli erTeuli Tbilisi baTumi (sakonstitucio sasamarTlo) diskusiebis raodenoba

sasamarTlos prokuraturis kerZo seqtoris diskusiebis warmomadgenlebi/ warmomadgenlebi warmomadgenlebi raodenoba mosamarTleebi 3 4 1 8 2 2 5

1.2.2. kvlevis raodenobrivi komponenti saqarTvelos umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis proeqtSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs raodenobriv komponents. raodenobrivi kvlevis meSveobiT gamovlinda, Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofen saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebi xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis micemas bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebisTvis. SerCeva: SerCevis tips warmoadgenda saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis iuridiuli fakultetis bakalavriatis, magistraturis da doqtoranturis studentebis, aseve, profesor-maswavleblebisa da administraciis warmomadgenlebis mravalsafexuriani stratificirebuli SemTxveviTi SerCeva. SerCevis dizainSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo regionuli, swavlebis safexurisa da bakalavriatis studentebis kursebis mimarTuleba. kvlevis instrumenti: kiTxvari kvlevis meTodi: pirispir interviu studentebisaTvis: daaxloebiT 1000 dasrulebuli interviu (SerCevis aseTi moculoba gamowveulia ZiriTadi samizne jgufis qvejgufebisTvis reprezentatuli monacemebis miRebis saWiroebiT). profesor-maswavleblebisa da fakultetis administraciis warmomadgenlebisTvis: daaxloebiT 350 dasrulebuli interviu. mTlianobaSi SerCevis moculobam Seadgina daaxloebiT 1350 interviu. SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (Primary Sampling Unit) warmoadgens umaRlesi saswavlebeli. umaRlesi saswavleblebis SerCeva moxda miznobrivad. sul SeirCa 15 umaRlesi saswavlebeli saqarTvelos masStabiT. es universitetebia: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, qarTulamerikuli universiteti (GAU), grigol robaqiZis universiteti, sulxan-sabas saswavlo universiteti, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, Tbilisis damoukidebeli universiteti â&#x20AC;&#x17E;gorgasaliâ&#x20AC;&#x153;, soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti, saqarTvelos universiteti, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti, quTaisis akaki wereTlis universiteti, Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universiteti, Tavisufali universiteti, kavkasiis universiteti. SerCevis meorad erTeuls (Secondary Sampling Unit) warmoadgens iuridiuli fakulteti. SerCevis saboloo erTeuls (Final Sampling Unit) warmoadgens: a) studenti; b) profesor-maswavlebeli/fakultetis administraciis (dekanatis) maRali rangis warmomadgeneli. studentebis SerCeva ganxorcielda sistemuri SemTxveviTi SerCevis saSualebiT. studentebs Soris SerCevis intervali ganisazRvra studentTa saerTo raodenobis studentTa SesarCev raodenobaze gayofiT (magaliTad, Tu studentTa saerTo raodenoba fakultetze aris orasi, xolo gamosakiTxia 20 studenti, intervali iqneba yoveli meaTe). Seiqmna damatebiTi sia. mocemuli SerCevis moculobisTvis cdomilebis mniSvneloba ar aWarbebs 3.1%-s 99%-iani saimedoobisTvis.

interviuerebisa da supervaizorebis treningi kiTxvaris saboloo versiis SemuSavebisa da SerCevis wertilebis gansazRvris Semdeg, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis analitikosma supervaizorebsa da interviuerebs gaacno kiTxvari da SerCevis tipi. TiToeuli regionis supervaizorma interviuerebi adgilobriv doneze daatreninga. savele samuSaoebis kontroli kvlevis raodenobrivi komponentis mimdinareobisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo savele samuSaoebis kontrols. aRniSnuli kontroli gaiara Catarebuli interviuebis 10%-ma procentma, ra drosac moxda saerTo bazidan SerCeuli kiTxvarebis SemTxveviTi wesiT arCeva, imgvarad, rom yvela interviueris namuSevari yofiliyo dafaruli. monacemTa Setana da analizi savele samuSaoebis mimdinareobis procesSi socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutis statistikosma Seqmna monacemTa bade, monacemTa analizis programis SPSS-is gamoyenebiT. savele samuSaoebis paralelurad, monacemTa badeSi Setanis procedura daiwyo interviuebis 30%-is Catarebis Semdgom. winaswar moxda kiTxvarSi arsebuli TiToeuli Ria kiTxvis e.w. â&#x20AC;&#x17E;kodirebaâ&#x20AC;&#x153;. monacemTa analizi: monacemTa analizis Tavdapirvel etapze, statistikosis mier moxda monacemTa gawmenda. Semdgom safexurze monacemebi statistikurad damuSavda. kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi gaanalizda Semdegi meTodebis gamoyenebiT: erTganzomilebiani sixSiruli ganawilebis, krostabulaciebis, korelaciis, regresiis, faqtoruli da klasteruli analizis meTodebis meSveobiT. 1.2.3. kvlevis demografiuli profili kvlevisTvis SeirCa oTxi samizne jgufi _ bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis studentebi, romlebic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva universitetSi samarTlis/ iuridiul specialobaze swavloben, aseve, is profesor-maswavleblebi, romlebic Sesabamis fakultetebze aswavlian. gamokiTxul studentTagan umravlesoba mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenelia. gamonaklisia doqtoranturis studentebi, sadac sqesTa Tanafardoba Tanabaria. bakalavriatis studentebis absoluturi umravlesobis asaki 19-dan 22 wlamde meryeobs, magistrantebis _ 22-dan 24 wlamde, xolo doqtorantebis _ 25-dan 30 wlamde. bakalavriatis studentTa mesamedi meore kurszea, mesamedi _ mesameze, TiTqmis mesamedi _ meoTxeze. maTgan naxevarze metma sakuTari akademiuri moswreba Seafasa, rogorc kargi. maTgan 37.5%-is specializacia samarTalmcodneobaa, daaxloebiT amdenives specialoba ar aurCevia. gamokiTxuli magistraturis studentebis umravlesoba pirvel kurszea. maTi 45.9% sakuTar akademiur moswrebas afasebs, rogorc kargs, 32.9% _ rogorc Zalian kargs. maTi meoTxedis specialoba kerZo samarTalia, 24%-is _ sisxlis samarTali, xolo 15.1%-is _ samoqalaqo samarTali.

doqtorantebis 40.4% meore kurszea, 38.5% _ mesameze, 19.2% _ pirvelze, xolo 1.9% _ meoTxeze. umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maTi akademiuri moswreba Zalian kargia (friadi). mesamedze metis specialoba kerZo samarTalia, 15.4%-is _ sisxlis samarTali, 11.5%-is _ eqspertiza da amdenivesi _ samarTalmcodneoba (ix. cxrili #1). cxrili #1 demografiuli profili sqesi asaki

ZiriTadi akademiuri moswreba

bakalavriatis magistrantebi doqtorantebi studentebi

mdedrobiTi

62,0%

61,6%

50,0%

mamrobiTi

38,0%

38,4%

50,0%

20 wlamde

43,1%

1,9%

20-22 wlis

50,9%

24,7%

1,9%

23-25 wlis

5,1%

65,1%

15,4%

25-30 wlis

0,9%

9,6%

57,7%

30-ze meti

0,1%

0,7%

23,1%

friadi/Zalian kargi

21,3%

32,9%

64,7%

kargi

51,4%

45,9%

27,5%

saSualo

22,6%

19,2%

5,9%

damakmayofilebeli

3,3%

2,1%

2,0%

uari pasuxze

1,4%

5,6%

25,3%

34,6%

sajaro samarTali

0,7%

6,2%

5,8%

sisxlis samarTali

8,0%

24,0%

15,4%

samarTalmcodneoba

37,5%

12,3%

11,5%

saerTaSoriso samarTali sakonstitucio samarTali samoqalaqo samarTali

2,8%

3,4%

1,9%

0,1%

1,9%

5,1%

15,1%

7,7%

saerTo advokati biznes-inJineria (samarTali) iuristi samarTlis istoria/ Teoria eqspertiza valdebulebiTi samarTali sabanko sadazRvevo samarTali jer ar amirCevia

0,1% 0,4%

2,1%

1,9% -

0,1% -

1,9%

0,4% 0,2%

7,5% 1,4%

11,5% 3,8%

0,7%

38,9%

2,1%

1,9%

specializacia kerZo samarTali

rac Seexeba profesor-maswavleblebs, maTi demografiuli profili ase gamoiyureba: 53.3% mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenelia, 37.2%-is asaki meryeobs 31-40 wlebs Soris, 20.5%-is _ 23-30-s Soris, 20.5%-is _ 40-50-s Soris, 15.5%-is _ 50-60-s Soris, xolo maTi raodenoba, visi asakic 60 wels zeviTaa _ 6.3%-ia. profesor-maswavleblebis 26.3%is akademiuri statusi asocirebuli profesoria, 21.6%-isa _ asistent-profesori, 18.8%-isa _ sruli profesori. maTi umravlesoba bakalavriatis safexurze aswavlis. universitetSi swavlebis garda, TiTqmis 40% muSaobda praqtikos iuristad, Tumca, amJamad aRar muSaobs. daaxloebiT amdenive axlac praqtikosi iuristia, mexuTedze mets ki _ arasdros umuSavia praqtikos iuristad. maTTvis, vinc praqtikos iuristad muSaobda/muSaobs, moRvaweobis dargi iyo samoqalaqo samarTali (23.4%), adamianis uflebebi (20.7%), sajaro samarTali (16.6%) da kerZo samarTali (16.3%) (ix. cxrili #2). cxrili #2 demografiuli profili sqesi asaki

akademiuri statusi

profesormaswavleblebi 46,7%

mdedrobiTi mamrobiTi

53,3%

23-30 wlis

20,5%

31-40 wlis

37,2%

41-50 wlis

20,5%

51-60 wlis

15,5%

60-ze meti wlis

6,3%

sruli profesori

18,8%

asocirebuli profesori

26,3%

asistent-profesori

21,6%

mowveuli profesori

16,9%

ar maqvs

16,3%

pedagogad muSaobis staJi 1 wlamde

5,6%

1-5 weli

28,8%

6-10 weli

21,3%

11-15 weli

13,5%

16-20 weli

11,0%

21-25 weli

9,7%

26 da meti weli

10,0%

samecniero da akademiuri akademiuri doqtori statusi mecnierebaTa doqtori akademiuri/samecniero xarisxis armqone muSaobT/muSaobdiT Tu vmuSaob ara praqtikos iuristad? vmuSaobdi, Tumca, amJamad ar vmuSaob arasodes mimuSavia praqtikos iuristad

35,2% 20,0% 44,8% 38,2% 39,5% 22,3%

samarTlis romel dargSi samoqalaqo samarTali moRvaweobT? sajaro samarTali

23,4% 16,6%

adamianis uflebebi

20,7%

administraciuli/konstituciuri samarTali

2,0%

kerZo samarTali

16,3%

sisxlis samarTali

5,4%

Sromis samarTali

1,4%

sagadasaxado samarTali

5,8%

konkurenciuli samarTali

2,0%

konstituciuri samarTali

1,4%

kriminologia

1,0%

saerTaSoriso samarTali

0,7%

samarTlis Teoria

2,7%

sabanko samarTali

0,7%

2. ucxouri iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilva 2.1. mimoxilvis Sesaxeb rogorc es winamdebare TavSi aRiniSna, qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes komponents warmoadgenda ucxouri ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilva. samwuxarod, adamianuri resursis simcirisa da droSi SezRudulobis gamo, ver moxerxda ucxoeTis iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis srulfasovani damoukidebeli kvleva. nacvlad amisa, ganxorcielda mocemuli mimarTulebiT arsebuli kvlevebis analizi. Sesabamisad, mkvlevarTa jgufma Caatara e.w. â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Desk Researchâ&#x20AC;&#x153;. aRniSnuli mimoxilvis mizani iyo iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi cvladebis determinaciis procesisTvis xelis Sewyoba. Sesabamisad, muSaobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben ucxoeTis qveynebSi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs. mimoxilvis mizani ar yofila imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli qveynis modelia saqarTvelosTvis idealuri. dasaxuli amocanis gadasaWrelad, mkvlevarTa jgufma Seiswavla 11 qveynis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema. qveynebis SerCevisas yuradReba gamaxvilda ramdenime ZiriTad faqtorze: geografiuli mdebareoba, samarTlebrivi kultura, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis unikaluroba. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeirCa qveynebi: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, kanada, inglisi, germania, safrangeTi, niderlandebi, belgia, Sveicaria, litva, CexeTi da poloneTi. aRniSnuliT, mkvlevarTa jgufi Seecada, met-naklebad daefara rogorc amerikis, ise dasavleT, aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis regionebi, imavdroulad, moecva anglo-saqsuri da kontinenturi samarTlis qveynebi, aqcenti gaekeTebina aseve post-komunistur qveynebze, sadac, rogorc politikuri, ise samarTlebrivi sistema tranziciis stadiaSia. erTi mxriv, ganixiles im qveynebis praqtika, romlebic miuerTdnen boloniis process, meore mxriv ki _ is qveynebi, romelTac gadawyvites, sakuTari umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTebis sistema mocemuli procesis miRma ganeviTarebinaT.

bunebrivia, Sesaswavli saxelmwifoebidan yvela ver iqneba ganxiluli, rogorc umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis warmatebuli sistemis modelis magaliTi, Tumca, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso iyo is garemoebebic, romlebic xels uSlida calkeul qveynebs ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnasa da ganviTarebaSi. amdenad, xarisxis msazRvrelebis, iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis warmatebis sazomebis dadgenisa da qarTul realobasTan maTi misadagebis safuZvelze, SesaZlebeli gaxda, Sedgeniliyo diskusiis gzamkvlevi, romelmac mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli cvladebis determinaciaSi. bunebrivia, mkvlevarTa jgufs gacnobierebuli hqonda is garemoeba, rom, SesaZloa, realuri viTareba romelime qveyanasTan mimarTebiT radikalurad gansxvavebuli yofiliyo imisgan, rac calkeul kvlevebsa da dokumentebSi iyo mocemuli. amdenad, aqcenti gakeTda xarisxis im kriteriumebze, romlebic nebismier SemTxvevaSi validuria da gansazRvravs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs, miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogoria viTareba mocemul qveyanaSi. 2.2. iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebi rodesac saubaria ucxouri umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis analizis safuZvelze iuridiuli ganaTlebis msazRvrelebis gamovlenaze, aucileblad unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi is garemoeba, rom ar arsebobs xarisxiani ganaTlebis raime universaluri modeli, romelic saerTo iqneba yvela tipis qveynisa an yvela universitetisTvis. uSualod analizis procesSi mkvlevarTa jgufs uwevda Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli ganaTlebis modelebis Seswavla, sadac yvela modeli gamoirCeoda rogorc nakliT, ise _ upiratesobiT. magaliTad, SegviZlia erTmaneTs SevadaroT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da belgiis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebi, romlebic erTmaneTisgan radikalurad gansxvavdeba. Tumca, es ar niSnavs, rom an erTi an meore umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema sustia da ver axerxebs xarisxiani ganaTlebis micemas. igive SeiZleba iTqvas germaniisa da Sveicariis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebis Sedarebisas. germaniis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema gacilebiT konservatiulia, vidre Sveicariis. gansxvavebulia sauniversiteto ganaTlebaSi saxelmwifos Carevis xarisxic, Tumca, orive sistemas aqvs rogorc Rirseba, ise nakli. calsaxad imis Tqma, rom erTi sistema sjobs meores, ar aris mizanSewonili. Sesabamisad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, mkvlevarTa jgufi ecada, ganezogadebina cvladebi, romlebic upirobod gansazRvraven umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis xarisxs. aseT cvladebad ki warmodgenil iqna: •

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi;

•

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulaciebis SemuSavebis meqanizmebi, komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris;

•

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba, rac, Tavis mxriv, moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa arCeviTi sagnebis simravle, interdisciplinuroba, akademiuri personali da sagnebis Sesabamisoba qveyanaSi arsebul tendenciebTan.

2.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebi rogorc ucxouri praqtikis analizisas gamoCnda, Cven mier CamoTvlili qveynebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebas. marTalia, zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad germaniaSi, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi saxelmwifo gacilebiT maRali xarisxiT23 ereva, vidre sxva qveynebSi, magram kvlevisTvis mniSvnelovania ara uSualod saxelmwifos Carevis xarisxi, aramed Tavad instituciurad da normatiulad gamarTuli maregulirebeli meqanizmis arseboba. aRniSnuli naTlad gamoCnda ara mxolod germaniis, aramed CexeTis, belgiis, Sveicariis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis da sxva qveynebis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mimoxilvis procesSi. SveicariaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxze monitoringis meqanizmebi gawerilia da daculia qveynis federaluri konstituciiT, romlis Tanaxmadac, rogorc konfederacia, ise kantonebi, TavianTi uflebamosilebis farglebSi axorcieleben zedamxedvelobas swavlis xarisxze.24 holandia iyo pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac Camoayaliba swavlebisa da kvlevis ganmsazRvreli instituciuri meqanizmi. 1980-iani wlebidan ganviTarda sistema, romlis mixedviTac, saswavlo dawesebulebebs mieniWaT farTo avtonomia im pirobiT, rom moxdeboda saxelmwifos informireba maT mier studentTaTvis micemuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesaxeb. es politika pirvelad dainerga 1983 wels kvleviT programebTan dakavSirebiT, rogorc pirobiTi dafinansebis politika.25 mocemul sistemaSi ganaTlebis xarisxis monitoringis procesSi wamyvani roli eniWeba uSualod umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas. amerikis SeerTebul Statebi, erTi mxriv, cdilobs, distancireba moaxdinos iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemisgan, naklebi CareviT uzrunvelyos misi maqsimaluri Tavisufleba, meore mxriv ki, cdilobs daamkvidros ganaTlebis e.w. monocentristuli standarti. sainteresoa, rom am miznis misaRwevad, saxelmwifo axorcielebs maregulirebeli funqciebis delegirebas amerikel iuristTa asociaciaze (ABA),26 romelic daarsebis momentidan, anu 1878 wlidan, muSaobs qveyanaSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze. rac Seexeba germanias, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, iq umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebaSi saxelmwifo maRali xarisxiT ereva. praqtikulad yvela detali gansazRvrulia saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT. ramdenadac ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba sasamarTloze,27 imdenad germanuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema SegviZlia moviazroT, rogorc, zogadad, marTlmsajulebis politikis nawili.28 aseT viTarebaSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis samarTlis fakultetebs Zalian cota ramis gadawyveta SeuZliaT damoukideblad, Tumca, 2002 wels gatarebuli reformis Sedegad maTi diskrecia garkveulwilad gaizarda. yvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi, saxeze gvaqvs ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebis gansxvavebuli normebi, Tumca, imavdroulad, saqme gvaqvs ganaTlebis regulirebis kar23

Harvard Law School, P. o. (2011). The German Legal Profession. President and Fellows of Harvard College.

https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Suisse:Assurance_qualit%C3%A9

http://www.utwente.nl/mb/cheps/research/higher_education_monitor/2007countryreportnl.pdf

ABA. (2012). ABA Standards for Approval of Law Schools 2012-2013. (გვ. 1-169). ABA Section of Legal Education and Bar Admission.

გერმანული უმაღლესი საგანმანათლებლო დაწესებულებები სტუდენტს ამზადებენ მოსამართლის პროფესიული სტანდარტის შესაბამისად. 27

Hariolf Wenzler, K. K. (2012). Educating the Global Lawyer: The German Experience. Journal of Legal Education, 462-467.

gad Camoyalibebul, instituciurad gamarTul meqanizmebTan, rac pozitiurad aisaxeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze. rac Seexeba uSualod regulirebis formas, saxelmwifos Carevis dozasa da, uSualod, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis diskrecias, mkvlevarTa azriT, igi TiToeul SemTxvevaSi individualurad unda Sefasdes. ucxouri praqtikis pirdapiri implementacia qarTul realobaSi ar iqneba mizanSewonili, Tumca, rogoric ar unda iyos erovnuli iuridiuli ganaTebis regulirebis meqanizmi, mas udidesi gavlena eqneba qveynis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarTa rekomendaciiT, miznobriv jgufebTan diskusiisas erT-erT sakiTxs swored umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis gzebi warmoadgenda. 2.2.2. komunikaciis forma saxelmwifosa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris gamomdinare iqidan, rom umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs regulirebis sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebs, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso aRmoCnda imis Seswavla, Tu rogor xdeba aRniSnuli meqanizmebis SemuSaveba. kerZod, rogoria am procesSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisa da saxelmwifos roli. rogoria komunikacia umaRles saganmanaTleblo institutsa da saxelmwifos Soris? ramdenad arian dainteresebuli mxareebi CarTulni regulaciebisa da standartebis SemuSavebaSi? ucxouri praqtikis analizma cxadyo, rom rac ufro metad arian CarTulni dainteresebuli mxareebi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis procesSi, miT ufro efeqturia standartebisa da regulirebis meqanizmebi. aRniSnulis brwyinvale magaliTs warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, sadac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saxelmwifo maregulirebeli funqciebis delegirebas axorcielebs amerikel iuristTa asociaciaze. amerikis saxelmwifo departamentis mier gamocemuli Jurnalis, „demokratiis sakiTxebis“ Tanaxmad, amerikel iuristTa asociacia msoflioSi umsxvilesi nebayoflobiTi profesiuli gaerTianebaa, romelic 2002 wlisTvis 400 000-mde wevrs aerTianebda, maT Soris _ 350 000 advokats. aRniSnuli organizaciis danarCen wevrebs warmoadgendnen mosamarTleebi, sasamarTlos iuristebi, prokurorebi, sajaro moxeleebi da sxva iuridiuli profesiis pirebi. dRevandeli monacemebiT, amerikel iuristTa asociacia aerTianebs amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi moRvawe iuristTa 50%-s. 1952 wlidan amerikel iuristTa asociaciis samarTlebrivi ganaTlebisa da iuristis profesiaSi Sesvlis ganyofilebasTan (seqciasTan) arsebuli sabWo oficialurad iqna cnobili amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ganaTlebis departamentis mier, rogorc samarTlis doqtoris (J. D.) saswavlo programebis akreditaciaze uflebamosili organo.29 amgvari instituciuri regulirebis umTavresi dadebiTi mxare imaSi mdgomareobs, rom organizacia, romelic warmoadgens qveynis masStabiT nebismier sferoSi moRvawe iuristebis profesiuli interesebis umTavres damcvels da, imavdroulad, aerTianebs aRniSnul iuristTa TiTqmis naxevars, Tavad gansazRvravs im profesiul standartebs, romelTa dacvac maTTvisve iqneba savaldebulo. amdenad, saxeze gvaqvs ara saxelmwifos mier Tavs moxveuli regulaciebi, romelTa Sesrulebac SesaZloa raime formiT azaralebdes iuridiul profesias, aramed iuristebis mier SemuSavebuli standartebis pa29

ABA. (2012). ABA Standards for Approval of Law Schools 2012-2013. (გვ. 1-169). ABA Section of Legal Education and Bar Admission.

keti, romelic iuridiuli ganaTlebis maRali xarisxis, aseve, profesiuli eTikisa da qcevis normebs aregulirebs. regulaciebis miRebaSi ki, faqtobrivad, yvela iuridiuli profesiis warmomadgenelia Cabmuli. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulaciebis SemuSavebis TvalsazrisiT, mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso aRmoCnda kanaduri praqtika, sadac faqtobrivad ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis centralizebuli meqanizmi. vinaidan kanadaSi ar arsebobs ganaTlebis federaluri ministri, umaRlesi ganaTleba miekuTvneba provinciebis uflebamosilebas da, amasTan, universitetebi farTo avtonomiiT sargebloben, kanadaSi yvela provinciaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva sistema moqmedebs. TvalsaCinoebisTvis SegviZlia ganvixiloT ontarioSi arsebuli praqtika. universitetebis umravlesobas sakuTari kanonebi aqvs. TiToeuli dawesebuleba damoukideblad arsebobs da gansazRvravs swavlebisa da miRebis politikas, adgens programebs, niSnavs akademiur personals da sxva. kanonis arc erTi debuleba ar iTvaliswinebs angariSvaldebulebis procedurebsa Tu saswavlo programebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis meqanizmebs. ontarios sajaro universitetebSi programebis xarisxze pasuxismgebelia ontarios universitetebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sabWo, romelsac SemuSavebuli aqvs xarisxis uzrunvelyofis CarCo. CarCo iTvaliswinebs yvela safexuris programebis Semowmebas yovel rva weliwadSi erTxel. sabWo programis Semowmebis dros mxedvelobaSi iRebs: Seesabameba Tu ara programa universitetis misiasa da akademiur gegmebs; programis moTxovnebi da swavlis Sedegad miRebuli codna aris Tu ara naTeli da xarisxis Sesabamisi; kurikulumi asaxavs Tu ara disciplinas im saxiT, ganviTarebis ra etapzec aris Semowmebis dros; programis Sinaarsis gansazRvris dros gamoiyeneba Tu ara inovaciuri da kreatiuli midgomebi; studentTa Sefaseba da swavlis xarisxis molodini aris Tu ara Sesabamisi da efeqturi. aseve, mxedvelobaSi miiReba: gamoyenebuli fizikuri da finansuri resursebis Sesabamisoba da efeqturoba; klasis sidide, mudmivi da aramudmivi profesorebis mier Catarebuli leqciebis raodenoba; warmatebul studentTa da diplomTa raodenoba; xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad miRebuli iniciativebi da sxva.30 rodesac vsaubrobT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebisa da regulirebis meqanizmebis SemuSavebaSi dainteresebul mxareTa CarTulobaze, yuradRebas ipyrobs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis franguli sistema. 2007 wels Seiqmna kvlevisa da umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sefasebis saagento. igi aris damoukidebeli administraciuli organo. saagentos xelmZRvanelobs sabWo, romelic 25 wevrisgan Sedgeba. misi wevrebi arian mecnierebi, mkvlevarebi da parlamentis ori wevri. saagento afasebs kvleviT da umaRles dawesebulebebs, aRniSnul dawesebulebebSi arsebul kvleviT centrebs, umaRlesi saswavleblebis saswavlo programebs da diplomebs. saagentos SemuSavebuli aqvs Sefasebis qartia. igi gansazRvravs fundamentur principebs, romlebic umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxian Sefasebas uzrunvelyofs. kerZod, Sefaseba xorcieldeba miukerZoeblad da obieqturad, rasac ganapirobebs saagentosa da SemfasebelTa damoukidebloba, eqspertTa kompetenturoba. Sefaseba xorcieldeba Sesafasebeli dawesebulebis mimarT pativiscemiT da masTan dialogiT, Sesafasebeli obieqtis specifikur mxareebze morgebuli meTodikiT. 30

http://www.cicic.ca/525/Pratiques.canada; http://oucqa.ca/framework/4-3-evaluation-criteria-3/

saagento ar aris akreditaciis gamcemi organo, vinaidan safrangeTSi akreditacias gascems saxelmwifo, Tumca _ swored saagentos mier gacemuli daskvnis safuZvelze. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aRar arsebobs Sefasebis dros pirdapiri kavSiri saxelmwifosa da Sesafasebel dawesebulebas Soris. gare organo, saagento, romelic aris damoukidebeli da avtonomiuri, gascems obieqtur daskvnas, romelsac eyrdnoba saxelmwifo. mocemul SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebis gansazRvraSi, ara mxolod samarTlis mimarTulebiT, aramed _ zogadad, monawileoben akademiuri sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, rac, bunebrivia, xels uwyobs aRniSnuli institutis efeqturobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom poloneTis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema araerT aspeqtSi imsaxurebs kritikas,31 sainteresoa ganaTlebis standartis SemuSavebis meqanizmi. marTalia, polonuri samarTlis skolebi sargebloben avtonomiis maRali xarisxiT, standartebs adgens poloneTis ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministri. iuridiuli fakultetis dekanTa yovelwliuri kongresi ministrs ugzavnis SeTavazebaTa pakets umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis standartebTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli instituciuri mowyoba sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiT, rom aCens erTgvar bmas umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebasa da saxelmwifos Soris. calke sakiTxia, ramdenad sworad funqcionirebs is realur praqtikaSi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mkvlevarebs SezRuduli hqondaT werilobiT wyaroebSi moyvanili informaciis praqtikuli gadamowmebis SesaZlebloba. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xazgasmulia iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebisTvis maregulirebeli normebisa da standartebis SemuSavebis efeqturi meqanizmebis mniSvneloba. Sesabamisad, mocemuli sakiTxic Sevida miznobriv jgufebTan dagegmili diskusiis sakiTxTa nusxaSi. 2.2.3. iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis analizisas, gamoikveTa kidev erTi faqtori, romelic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxs ama Tu im qveyanaSi. saubari gvaqvs iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqnilobaze, romelic moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa: arCeviTi sagnebis simravle da interdisciplinuroba, sagnebis Sesabamisoba arsebul realobasTan (sagnebis aqtualoba). aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli komponentebi gansxvavebuli iyo im qveynebSic ki, romlebic ganaTlebis erTiani sistemis nawils warmoadgenen. saubaria boloniis procesis monawile saxelmwifoebze. sainteresoa im saxelmwifoTa praqtikac, romlebic, miuxedavad imisa, rom mierTebulni arian boloniis process, uars acxadeben umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis am procesSi integrirebaze. Seswavlili masala iZleva imis Tqmis safuZvels, rom qveynebi, romlebic gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebas, aqcents akeTeben swavlebisa da Tanamedrove tendenciebis implementaciaze, aseve, qveynis winaSe mdgomi aucileblobebis Sesabamisobaze arsebul saganmanaTleblo sistemasTan. ganaTlebis sistemis moqnilobis erT-erT mTavar sazoms arCeviTi sagnebis simravle da interdisciplinuroba warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi, naklebad mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenad ereva saxelmwifo umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis regulirebaSi, an 31 მოცემულ ქვეყანაში პრაქტიკულად უცვლელი სახითაა შენარჩუნებული საბჭოთა განათლების 5 წლიანი სისტემა. უნივერსიტეტებში სახეზეა საკადრო პრობლემები, ძალზე სათუოა დაუსწრებელი სასწავლო პროგრამების ეფექტურობა და ა.შ.

ramdenad mkacria kanonmdebloba. TvalsaCinoebisTvis, SegviZlia ganvixiloT ori absoluturad gansxvavebuli sistema _ franguli da germanuli. aqedan, pirveli gaxlavT boloniis procesis monawile, meorem ki, uari ganacxada sakuTari umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis boloniis procesSi CarTvaze. safrangeTisa da germaniis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemebi erTmaneTis msgavsi iyo32 boloniis procesSi safrangeTis CarTvamde. kerZod, franguli universitetebi valdebulni iyvnen, daecvaT saxelmwifos mier dadgenili CarCoebi sauniversiteto programebTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, samarTlis lisens unda hqonoda erTi da igive maxasiaTeblebi, imisda miuxedavad, romeli universiteti sTavazobda programas. universitetis Tavisuflebisa da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb 2007 wlis kanonma aRiara universitetebis avtonomia. universitetebs gaaCniaT didi Tavisufleba, gansazRvron saswavlo programebi, maTi Sinaarsi, miiRon filialebis Seqmnisa da daxurvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba.33 ufro meti TvalsaCinoebisTvis, SegviZlia moviyvanoT panTeon asas34 universitetis saswavlo programa, sadac swavlebis pirvel safexurze, savaldebulo sagnebTan erTad, damatebiT Seiswavleba iseTi sagnebi, rogoricaa: samarTlis istoria, sasamarTlo instanciebi, Tanamedrove ekonomikuri problemebi,35 saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, politikuri mecnierebebi, instituciebisa da samarTlis istoria, Tanamedrove politikis istoria, sanivTo samarTlis istoria, media samarTlis Sesavali, samewarmeo samarTali, antikuri xanis socialuri da politikuri instituciebis istoria, valdebulebiTi samarTlis istoria, saxelmwifo finansebi, evropuli samarTlis zogadi principebi, sawarmos marTva da buRalteria, komunikaciis samarTlis Sesavali, Sromis samarTali, saojaxo samarTlis istoria, samewarmeo samarTlis istoria, administraciuli davebi, administraciuli samarTlis istoria, samarTlis filosofia, germanuli iuridiuli sistema da sanivTo samarTali da a.S. arCeviTi sagnebis es arasruli CamonaTvali, garkveulwilad, xazs usvams franguli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis miswrafebas, misces students farTo codna rogorc uSualod iuridiuli mecnierebis, ise momijnave disciplinebis Sesaxeb, raTa moxdes miRebuli samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis srulyofa, rac, bunebrivia, pozitiurad aisaxeba studentis profesionalad Camoyalibebaze. rac Seexeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis germanul sistemas, miuxedavad konservatiulobis, saxelmwifos Carevis maRali xarisxis da regulirebis simkacrisa, isic orientirebulia, students misces mravalmxrivi ganaTleba, raTa igi srulfasovan profesionalad Camoyalibdes. rogorc aRvniSneT, germaniaSi iuridiuli ganaTleba ganixileba, rogorc marTlmsajulebis nawili. Sesabamisad, mas aregulirebs federaluri aqti marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb.36 aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo normis me-5 „a“ seqciis me-2 nawili iZleva samarTlis im sferoebis CamonaTvals, romelTa Seswavlac savaldebuloa swavlebis pirveli safex32 იგულისხმება ის ფაქტი, რომ უმაღლესი საგანმანათლებლო დაწესებულებები, როგორც ერთ, ისე მეორე ქვეყანაში ვალდებულნი იყვნენ, დაეცვათ სახელმწიფოს დადგენილი ჩარჩოები და სტუდენტთათვის შეეთავაზებინათ ერთგვაროვანი სასწავლო პროგრამები. 33

http://www.cimea.it/files/fileusers/accreditamento_francia_fr.pdf

Université Panthéon Assas Paris II

http://www.u-paris2.fr/2110L/0/fiche___ueup/

The German Judiciary Act. (2012). Saarbrücken, Germany: Federal Ministry of Justice, juris GmbH.

uris ganmavlobaSi. esenia: samoqalaqo samarTali, sisxlis samarTali, sajaro samarTali da saproceso (proceduruli) samarTali; aseve, samarTlis aRniSnuli dargebis bma evropul samarTalTan; agreTve, samarTlis mecnierebis meTodologia, filosofiuri, istoriuli da socialuri safuZvlebi. rac Seexeba arCeviT sagnebs, kanoni maT calsaxad ar gansazRvravs, Tumca, ambobs, rom specializaciis areebi unda emsaxurebodes savaldebulo disciplinebSi codnis gaRrmavebas da mis aRqmas interdisciplinur da saerTaSoriso aspeqtebSi. amdenad, kanoni ar iZleva arCeviTi sagnebis CamonaTvals, magram, faqtobrivad, gansazRvravs sferos, Tu saidan unda iyos mocemuli sagnebi SeTavazebuli. miuxedavad aseTi regulirebisa, umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs rCebaT garkveuli diskrecia da am diskreciis gamoyenebis saukeTeso magaliTs warmoadgens germaniaSi arsebuli erTaderTi kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, buceriusis universiteti. mkvlevarTa jgufisTvis saintereso iyo aRniSnuli saswavlo dawesebulebis mier SemuSavebuli saswavlo modeli, romelic Tamamad SegviZlia moviazroT, rogorc germaniis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis momavali. aRniSnul modelze saubrobs „iuridiuli ganaTlebis Jurnalis“ („Journal of Legal Education“) 61-e gamocemis me-3 nomerSi dabeWdili statia „globaluri iuristis ganaTleba, germanuli gamocdileba“. aRniSnuli universiteti ZiriTadad fokusirebas axdens ara mxolod mravalmxrivi samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis micemaze, aramed cdilobs, students ganuviTaros saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi, politikuri da ekonomikuri konteqstis kompleqsuri da siRrmiseuli aRqma. buceriusis universiteti did mniSvnelobas aniWebs saerTaSoriso, gansakuTrebiT, evropul (evrokavSiris) da anglo-amerikul biznes samarTals. swavlebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani etapebi, gansakuTrebiT saswavlo procesis dasawyissa da boloSi, mimdinareobs mcire jgufebSi, sadac studentebs aqvT saleqcio procesSi maqsimaluri CarTvis yvela saSualeba. Sesabamisad, leqtorebs aqvT maqsimaluri ukukavSiri. erT-erTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani sxva germanuli universitetebisgan aris isic, rom buceriusSi studentebi swavlebis pirvel safexurs asruleben sam weliwadSi. amgvarad aris gawerili universitetis saswavlo programa da procesi, rac, bunebrivia, Zalian uCveuloa danarCeni germanuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis, sadac swavlebis pirveli safexuri SedarebiT xangrZlivia da moicavs oTx wels. buceriusis universitetSi danergilia trimestruli swavlebis sistema, rac aseve uCveuloa sxva germanuli universitetebisTvis, sadac swavleba semestrulia. aRniSnuli miznad isaxavs saswavlo programis moqnilobasa da mravalferovnebas. universitetSi miRebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes winapirobas warmoadgens inglisuri enis srulyofili codna. saswavlo kurikulumSi ki, nebismier SemTxvevaSia gaTvaliswinebuli erTi savaldebulo semestri sazRvargareT. iq miRebuli kreditebis aRiareba da CarTva xdeba ZiriTad saswavlo programaSi. amasTanave, buceriusis studentebi swavloben, sul mcire, erT samarTlebriv sistemas, garda germanulisa (mag. anglo-saqsuri samarTlis sistemas). buceriusis universitets aqvs unikaluri, me-4 wlis mosamzadebeli programa, romelic mniSvnelovnad exmareba studentebs finaluri gamocdis Sedegebis gaumjobesebaSi. aseve, savaldebuloa intensiuri ucxo enis programa, sadac studentebi irCeven erTerTs _ franguli, rusuli, Cinuri da espanuri enebidan. enis swavlis me-9 safexurze studentebi abareben gamocdas, sadac iReben saerTaSorisod aRiarebul sertifikats iuridiul inglisursa an iuridiul frangul enaSi.

garda aRniSnulisa, buceriusis universiteti unikaluria im TvalsazrisiTac, rom igi samarTlis saswavlo programaSi axdens ekonomikis principebisa da biznesis kurikulumebis inkorporirebas. biznesisa da ekonomikis kursi buceriusis universitetSi warmodgenilia germaniis erT-erTi wamyvani biznes skolis, WHU—Otto Beisheim School of Management-is mier. aRniSnuli programebi morgebulia samarTlis studentTa specialur saWiroebebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, axdens koncentracias gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze, organizaciul struqturebze, menejmentis Teoriaze, firmis da korporaciis Teoriaze, finanasebze, agreTve, bazrebis funqcionirebaze. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva kanonis ekonomikur SesaZleblobebs (the economic capacity of law), erovnuli ekonomikis Seswavlas, aseve, gadasaxadebisa da fiskaluri sistemis sakiTxebis damuSavebas. buceriusis saswavlo programaSi aseve Sedis ori savaldebulo staJireba, TiToeuli 3 Tvis xangrZlivobiT. studentebi, rogorc wesi staJirebas gadian wamyvan korporaciebsa da iuridiul firmebSi, rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs gareT. garda amisa, mudmivad imarTeba praqtikosTa Sexvedrebi studentebTan. universitetSi aseve muSaobs e.w. Studium Professionale, romlis farglebSic studentebs utardebaT kursebi iseT disciplinebSi, rogoricaa: ritorika, damsaqmebelTan gasaubrebis treningebi, mowmis dakiTxvis treningebi da a.S. garda amisa, universitetSi muSaobs e.w. „eqstrakurikularuli“ programa Studium Generale, romlis farglebSic studentebs ekiTxebaT arasamarTlebrivi sagnebi, raTa miiRon damatebiTi codna savaldebulo programebis miRma. mocemuli programis farglebSi studentebi swavloben istorias, politikur mecnierebas, filosofias, ekonomikis principebs, adamianis uflebebsa da xelovnebas, ikvleven kacobriobis, mecnierebis, sazogadoebis fundamentur sakiTxebs. programa Philosophicum studentebs sTavazobs yovelwliur leqciebs da or damatebiT kurss. studentebi, romlebic amTavreben aRniSnul kurss, uflebamosilni arian, miiRon akademiuri sertifikati filosofiaSi, riTac gaimdidreben swavlebis pirveli safexuris dasrulebis Semdgom mopovebul xarisxs, e.w. LL.B-s. imavdroulad, aRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba moxdeba saxelmwifo gamocdazec. yvelaferTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom buceriusis universiteti erTaderTi germanuli universitetia, romelTanac amerikuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis mier dadebuli xelSekrulebebi gacvliTi programebis Sesaxeb miRebulia amerikis advokatTa asociaciis mier. analogiur suliskveTebas inarCunebs mkvlevarTa jgufis mier Seswavlili sxva evropuli qveynebis praqtikac. magaliTad, Sveicariis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis analizi cxadyofs, rom arCeviTi sagnebi, ZiriTadad, gansazRvrulia ise, rom gaRrmavdes ZiriTad disciplinebSi miRebuli codna. TvalsaCinoebisTvis SegviZlia ganvixiloT Jenevis universitetis praqtika, sadac swavlebis pirvel safexurze arCeviTi sagnebis CamonaTvali Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: xelovnebisa da kulturuli qonebis samarTali, mSeneblobisa da sacxovreblis samarTali, sportis samarTali, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTali, romis samarTali _ kerZo samarTlis principebi, politikuri da iuridiuli azrovnebis istoria, kriminologiis Sesavali, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebisa da konkurenciis samarTali, evropuli samoqalaqo samarTali, konstituciuri samarTali (SerCeuli sakiTxebis mixedviT), socialuri dazRvevis samarTali, saerTaSoriso da SedarebiTi sagadasaxado samarTali, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali, konkurenciis Sveicariuli samarTali, iuridiuli da politikuri azrovnebis istoria, saerTaSoriso institutebi da saer-

TaSoriso samarTlis ganviTareba, sawarmo iuridiuli da politikuri TvalTaxedviT xelSekrulebis Sedgena. rogorc ganxiluli precedentebidan Cans, evropis wamyvani qveynebis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema iswrafvis, studentebs misces iuridiuli ganaTleba, romelic Seesabameba qveynis ekonomikur models, arsebul samarTlebriv moTxovnebs, regionul konteqstsa da saerTaSoriso gamowvevebs. am TvalsazrisiT, evropulTan erTad, sainteresoa amerikuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema, romelsac saswavlo gegmebis moqnilobisa da sagnobrivi daviwroebis ukiduresad maRali xarisxi axasiaTebs. magaliTad, 2008 wlis ekonomikuri krizisis fonze, niu iorkis universitetis samarTlis skolaSi 2009 wlidan Cndeba kursi „krizisi 2008“, ielis universitetSi ki _ „msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi“. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi studentebs sTavazoben programebs, romlebic uSualod gamomdinareobs amerikuli specifikidan. magaliTad, aSS-iaponiis mWidro ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis fonze, miCiganis universitetma studentebs SesTavaza iaponuri kanonmdeblobis Semswavleli specialuri kursi. niu iorkis universitetis samarTlis skolas ki, warmodgenili aqvs Cinuri samarTlebrivi da finansuri sistemebis Semswavleli sagnebis mTeli cikli: „CineTTan saerTaSoriso kompleqsuri davebis regulireba“, „Sesavali CineTis samarTlebriv da saxelmwifo wyobaSi“, „saerTaSoriso biznesi da sainvesticio xelSekrulebebi CineTTan“ da a.S. axlo aRmosavleTSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis interesebidan gamomdinare, aSS-is araerTi universiteti sTavazobs studentebs specialur programebs islamuri samarTlis mimarTulebiT. magaliTad: „genderuli problemebi islamur samarTalSi“, „Zala da kanoni islamur samyaroSi“ (niu iorkis universiteti), „islamuri samarTali“ (miCiganis universiteti), „Sesavali muslimur samarTalSi“ (harvardis universiteti). garda im saxelmwifoebisa, romelTac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mravalwliani, zog SemTxvevaSi ki, mravalsaukunovani tradicia aqvT, mkvlevarTa jgufisTvis saintereso iyo post-komunisturi qveynebis praqtikac, romlebmac faqtobrivad saqarTvelosTan erTad moipoves damoukidebloba da tranziciis igive etapi gaiares, rasac dRes saqarTvelo gadis. am TvalsazrisiT, saintereso aRmoCnda baltiis regionis gamocdileba. marTalia, litvis, latviisa da estoneTis umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistema Sors aris srulyofilebisgan, Tumca, aris garkveuli saintereso niuansebi, razec Rirs yuradRebis gamaxvileba. sainteresoa rigis37 samarTlis skolis praqtika. erTi mxriv, igi regionSi gamorCeuli saswavlebelia, meore mxriv, didi popularobiT sargeblobs qarTvel studentTa Soris. swored amitom, baltiis regionis praqtikis mimoxilvisas, mkvlevarTa yuradReba am ukanasknelze SeCerda. mocemuli saswavlebeli studentebs ori mimarTulebis sabakalavro programas sTavazobs: 1. samarTlisa da biznesis mimarTuleba; 2. samarTlisa da diplomatiis mimarTuleba. pirveli mimarTuleba moicavs sakiTxebs, romlebic faravs saerTaSoriso samarTals, aseve, evropis kavSiris SedarebiT samarTals da sagnebs, romlebic Seexeba ekonomikis Teorias, finansebs, marketings, menejments. 37 ინფორმაცია აღნიშნული სასწავლებლის შესახებ აღებულია უშუალოდ სასწავლებლის ოფიციალური ვებ-გვერდიდან http:// www.rgsl.edu.lv/en/study-at-rgsl/bachelor-programmes/bachelor-overview/ ნანახია 2014 წლის 14 თებერვალს).

aRniSnuli mimarTuleba faravs samarTlis bakalavris xarisxisTvis aucilebel yvela samarTlebriv disciplinas, Tumca, imavdroulad, xdeba aRniSnuli sagnebis Seswavla transnacionaluri perspeqtividan. aqcenti keTdeba samarTlisa da biznesis urTierTkavSirze. rac Seexeba samarTlisa da diplomatiis mimarTulebas, igi moicavs samarTlis, ekonomikisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis ZiriTad sakiTxebs. aRniSnuli kompleqsuri programa SemuSavebulia rigis samarTlis skolisa da latviis universitetis mier maTTvis, vinc samomavlod gegmavs diplomatiur karieras, agreTve, muSaobas arasamTavrobo seqtorSi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebsa da mediaSi. rogorc mocemulidan Cans, aRniSnuli programa ar aris orientirebuli uSualod iuridiuli profesiis kadrebis momzadebaze, Tumca, igi faravs samarTlis disciplinebs, kursdamTavrebuls ki ufleba eZleva, ganagrZos swavla magistraturaSi samarTlis mimarTulebiT (LLM), aseve saerTaSoriso samarTlis an evropuli samarTlis ganxriT. rac Seexeba mocemuli saswavleblis samagistro programebs, igi sakmaod mravalferovania. rigis samarTlis skola dainteresebul pirebs sTavazobs samarTlis samagistro programas saerTaSoriso da evropis samarTlis mimarTulebiT, samarTlisa da finansebis mimarTulebiT, samarTlebrivi lingvistikis mimarTulebiT, saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTlisa da adamianis uflebebis mimarTulebiT, transsasazRvro samewarmeo samarTlis mimarTulebiT, evrokavSiris samarTlisa da politikis mimarTulebiT. rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, samagistro programebic, msgavsad sabakalavro programebisa, scildeba zogadad samarTlebriv CarCos, rac erTi mxriv, SeiZleba warmoadgendes samarTlis disciplinis kompleqsuri swavlebis mcdelobas, xolo meore mxriv, aRniSnuli swavlebis modeli mimzidvelia ucxoeli studentebisTvis. amas adasturebs is faqtic, rom mocemul mimarTulebebze swavlebis ena aris inglisuri. yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis moqniloba, misi xarisxis erT-erTi centraluri determinantia. am SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania is, Tu rogor axdens konkretuli qveyana sakuTari ganaTlebis sistemis harmonizacias qveynis winaSe arsebul regionul Tu saerTaSoriso konteqstTan, ramdenad Seesabameba ganaTleba qveynis socialur da ekonomikur sistemas, ramdenad pasuxobs iseTi tipis gamowvevebs, rogoricaa demokratiuli tranzicia, ekonomikuri da politikuri sistemis reformireba da a.S. Sesabamisad, mizanSewonilad iqna miCneuli mocemuli Temis sadiskusio sakiTxTa siaSi Setana. 3. qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis mimoxilva qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis determinantebis srulyofili gansazRvris mizniT, ucxouri iuridiuli praqtikis mimoxilvis paralelurad mkvlevarTa jgufma ganaxorciela qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis analizi. aRniSnuli procesi or etapad warimarTa. pirvel etapze moxda uSualod qarTuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Seswavla, meore etapma ki, sakvlevi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis Sida dokumentebi, kerZod, programebi da silabusebi moicva. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovani iyo imdenad, ramdenadac gamoikveTa iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebi qarTuli normatiuli bazis mixedviT. gaCnda maTi ucxour

analogebTan Sedarebisa da miznobriv jgufebTan diskusiis procesSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. 3.1. sakanonmdeblo aqtebis mimoxilva ramdenadac ar arsebobs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli raime specialuri samarTlebrivi aqti, garda „dargobrivi maxasiaTeblis dokumentisa“, romelzedac angariSis pirvel TavSi visaubreT, qarTuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis Seswavlis farglebSi moeqca yvela is kanoni da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic saqarTveloSi umaRles ganaTlebas, ganaTlebis xarisxs, akreditaciisa da avtorizaciis process aregulirebs. garda amisa, Seswavlil iqna is sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketi, koncefcia Tu sxva dargobrivi dokumentis proeqti, romelic bolo periodis ganmavlobaSi momzadda sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo Tu samTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenelTa mier, Tumca, maTi umravlesoba ar iqna gaziarebuli an implementirebuli sxvadasxva mizezis gamo. mimoxilvis mniSvnelovani nawili eTmoba iuridiuli saqmianobis licenzirebis process, saxelmwifo regulaciebsa da dadgenil procedurebs, rac aucilebelia sxvadasxva Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad. daskvniT nawilSi ki gamoyofilia yvela is arsebiTi faqtori, romelic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze da saWiroebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saxelmwifos mxridan. sakanonmdeblo aqtebis mimoxilva, pirobiTad, SegviZlia Semdeg nawilebad davyoT: • reforma. • akreditacia da avtorizacia. • umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura da marTva. • regulirebadi profesiebi. • faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli profesiis xarisxze. 3.1.1. reforma 2004 wlis dasasrul daiwyo saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba. saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo samarTlebrivi aqtebi, Seicvala umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafinansebisa da marTvis struqtura; aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom dasawyisSive reformis TanmimdevrulobasTan dakavSirebiT daisva kiTxvebi da gamoiTqva garkveuli eWvebi. kerZod, pirveli sakanonmdeblo cvlileba ganxorcielda 2004 wlis 21 dekembers „umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonSi , xolo „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanoni miRebul iqna mxolod 2005 wels. miuxedavad xarvezebis, winaaRmdegobebisa da siCqarisa, reformis Sedegad Zireulad Seicvala mTeli sistema, axleburad Camoyalibda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saswavleblebis struqtura, gaCnda mmarTvelobis arCeviTi organoebi, Seicvala dafinansebis wesi da dafinansebisaTvis orientiri aRebul iqna moswavleTa da studentTa raodenobaze, ganxorcielda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis akreditacia; Tumca, reformis erT-erT yvelaze did monapovars warmoadgens ganaTlebis sistemaSi korufciis minimumamde dayvana, erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba. saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelos angariSSi vkiTxulobT: „am gamocdebma naTlad dagvanaxa, rom saqarTveloSi aris imis SesaZlebloba, rom mTeli qveynis masStabiT Catardes

Ria da samarTliani SesarCevi konkursi. es kargad organizebuli procesi unda gaxdes magaliTi saxelmwifoSi mimdinare sxva reformebisTvisac.“38 imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aRniSnuli kvlevis mizans warmoadgens umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis Sefaseba, yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT, mxolod reformis im aspeqtebze, romlebmac aseve gavlena iqonia umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis formirebaze im saxiT, ra saxiTac is dRes arsebobs. 3.1.2. akreditacia/avtorizacia akreditaciisa da avtorizaciis procesis mimoxilvis farglebSi detalurad iqna gaanalizebuli uSualod procesi, misi maregulirebeli normatiuli baza. analizis procesSi gamoikveTa ramdenime problemuri aspeqti, saidanac, mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs interesTa konfliqtis sakiTxi eqspertTa jgufis wevrebsa da akreditacia/avtorizaciis mopovebiT dainteresebul universitets Soris. kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilia, rom akreditacia/avtorizaciis eqspertTa jgufis wevrma Tavad unda ganacxados acileba interesTa konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, eqspertTa jgufis acilebaze wardgineba SeuZlia gaakeTos maZiebelma dawesebulebamac individualur-samarTlebrivi aqtis39 gacnobidan 2 dRis vadaSi. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2010 wlis 1 oqtombris brZaneba #99/n „saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciis debulebisa da safasuris damtkicebis Sesaxeb“ adgens, rom, debulebis miznebisTvis, interesTa konfliqtad miiCneva saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis 92-e muxliT dadgenili garemoebebis arseboba, kerZod, Tu eqsperti: a) TviTon aris dainteresebuli mxare saqmeSi. b) saqmeSi monawile dainteresebuli mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis naTesavia (pirdapiri xazis naTesavi; meuRle, meuRlis da-Zma da pirdapiri xazis naTesavi; aRmavali xazis pirdapiri naTesavis da-Zma; da-Zma, maTi meuRleebi da Svilebi). g) saqmeSi monawile dainteresebuli mxaris warmomadgenelia. d) aris eqsperti mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. e) SromiT urTierTobaSia saqmeSi monawile dainteresebul mxaresTan. v) TviTon an misi ojaxis wevri flobs aqciebs an sawesdebo kapitalis wils im sawarmoSi, romelic warmoadgens dainteresebul mxares. z) saqmeSi monawile dainteresebuli mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis ojaxis wevria. miuxedavad sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvalisa interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb, rac udavod misasalmebelia, mainc arsebobs garkveuli safrTxe, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrsa da maZiebels Soris Sedges garkveuli garigeba _ statusis mopovebis sanacvlod, momavalSi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis SeTavazebis saxiT. sasurvelia, am mxrivac gakeTdes daTqma, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrs, akreditaciidan/avtorizaciidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ar hqondes SesaZlebloba, SromiTi urTierToba daamyaros maZiebel dawesebulebasTan. aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems, Tavidan aviciloT aramarto interesTa konfliqti procesis dasawyisSi, aramed nebismieri daintereseba eqspertTa jgufis mxridan.

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საფასურის გადახდის შემდეგ, ცენტრი გამოსცემს ინდივიდუალურ ადმინისტრაციულ- აქტს აკრედიტაციის/ავტორიზაციის ექსპერტთა ჯგუფის შექმნისა და აკრედიტაციის/ავტორიზაციის მაძიებელ დაწესებულებაში ვიზიტის შესახებ. 39

garda aRniSnulisa, garkveul riskebs atarebs akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesic, romelTan dakavSirebiTac pozicia araerTgvarovania. arsebobs mosazreba, rom akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis arsebuli wesi iZleva, calkeuli kuluaruli garigebebis dadebis an konkurenti umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Seviwrovebis mizniT, sabWos gadawyvetilebaze gavlenis moxdenis saSualebas. marTalia, mocemulis pirdapiri dadastureba ver xdeba, Tumca, mizanSewonilia akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesis cvlileba imgvarad, rom nebismieri riski minimumamde iyos dayvanili. 3.1.3. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura da marTva qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis normatiuli bazis mimoxilvis farglebSi saintereso iyo Segvefasebina, ramdenad qmediTia xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saqmianoba sakvlev universitetebSi. ramdenime universitets sakuTar veb-gverdze ganTavsebuli aqvs saqmianobis angariSi, kvlevebi, studentTa kmayofilebis Sefasebis kiTxvarebi, magram calsaxad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, ZiriTadad, monacemebi moZvelebulia. garkveul tendenciad SeiZleba gamoikveTos is, rom saxelmwifo universitetebs ufro meti informacia udevT am kuTxiT vidre kerZo dawesebulebebs. ZiriTadad, kerZo universitetebi Semoifarglebian wesdebaSi imis miTiTebiT, rom maT gaaCniaT xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri an konkretuli Tanamdebobis piri, romelic pasuxismgebelia swavlis xarisxze. am mimarTulebiT, erTi mxriv, sasurvelia, ufro axali da srulyofili informacia iyos warmodgenili universitetebis veb-gverdebze da, meore mxriv, kerZo umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebmac ganaTavson xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saqmianobis amsaxveli informacia. udavoa, rom prestiJul kerZo saswavleblebSi xarisxis kontroli xorcieldeba. swored es ganapirobebs am dawesebulebebis prestiJulobas. amitom kargi iqneba maTi gamocdilebis gaziareba am mimarTulebiT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, ganTavsebuli informacia ar aris xelmisawvdomi, an mxolod ucxo enazea misi gacnoba SesaZlebeli. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ar arsebobs xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saqmianobis sistemuri regulireba. erTaderTi dokumenti, romelic am mxriv garkveul meTodologias adgens, aris ssip ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris brZaneba #188 â&#x20AC;&#x17E;umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciis rekomendaciebis damtkicebis Sesaxebâ&#x20AC;&#x153;. aseve, calkeul universitetebs SemuSavebuli aqvT Sida dokumenti saswavlo procesis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca, arsad ar vxdebiT dadgenil periodulobas, Tu ramden xanSi erTxel unda moxdes kvlevis Catareba, Semowmeba da a.S. reformis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli sistemis udavod dadebiT maxasiaTeblad unda Sefasdes arCeviTi organoebis Camoyalibeba, studentTa CarTuloba rogorc amomrCevlis, aseve, uSualod marTvis struqturebSi da xarisxis misaRebad calke struqturuli erTeulis Seqmna xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris saxiT. 3.1.4. regulirebadi profesiebi reformis erT-erT siaxles warmoadgens aseve umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis me12 Tavi, romelic moicavs debulebebs saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi profesiebis Sesaxeb. kanonis Tanaxmad, aseT profesiebs ganekuTvneba: a) iuridiuli; b) samedicino; g) pedagogiuri.

Tavad termini „regulirebadi profesia“ kanonSi ganmartebulia, rogorc profesiebis CamonaTvali, romlebic saWiroebs akademiur umaRles ganaTlebasa da sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebas. xazgasmulia isic, rom mxolod saxelmwifos SeuZlia aseTi profesiebis gansazRvra. iuridiuli profesiis regulirebad profesiaTa CamonaTvalSi moxvedra imTaviTve dadebiTad iqna Sefasebuli, gansakuTrebiT, debuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom „regulirebad profesiebSi saxelmwifo sasertifikacio gamocdis Catarebis wesi da pirobebi ganisazRvreba Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT.“ gaCnda molodini, rom saxelmwifo miiRebda kanons iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. jer kidev 2002 wels, ganaTlebis sistemaSi ganxorcielebul reformamde, saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi da uSiSroebis organoebis reformirebis komisiis farglebSi Seiqmna qvekomisia maSindeli iusticiis ministris roland giligaSvili xelmZRvanelobiT. qvekomisiis mier momzadda „koncefcia iuridiuli ganaTlebis kanonis Sesaxeb“, romelic 2002 wlis 24 ivniss iusticiis ministris pirvelma moadgilem kote kublaSvilma gamoaqveyna. „radio TavisuflebisaTvis“ micemul interviuSi kote kublaSvili aRniSnavs: „... sauniversiteto ganaTleba iuristisTvis aucilebelia, magram yvela aRiarebs, rom es arasodes ar aris sakmarisi. anu amis Semdeg kidev raRac unda miiRos pirma, rom igi srulyofili iuristi gaxdes. Tu Cven momavalSi, marTlac, mivadgebiT imas, rom Cven gavxdebiT wevrebi (evrokavSiris - avtoris SeniSvna), am mimarTulebiT Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi Sesacvleli bevri araferi gveqneba, Tu es koncefcia Semdeg gardaisaxa kanonproeqtad da cxovrebaSi gatarebul iqna.“40 „koncefciis mTavar RerZs sakvalifikacio gamocda warmoadgens. umaRlesi saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg iuristobis msurvels gadaecema iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi da iuristis kvalifikaciis misaniWeblad mas specialuri gamocdis Cabareba mouwevs. aseve, Seiqmneba iusticiis umaRlesi skola, romlis damTavreba sakvalifikacio gamocdis tolfasi iqneba. kvalifikaciis armqone iuridiuli ganaTlebis specialistebs gza xsnili eqnebaT kerZo da samecniero sferoSi.“ 2005 wlis 10 oqtombers, saqarTvelos parlamentSi Sevida kanonproeqti „iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris nino kalandaZis avtorobiT (proeqtis #07-6/372). kanonproeqti saintereso iyo da iTvaliswinebda iseTi sakiTxebis axlebur regulirebas, rogoricaa umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis winasauniversiteto, sauniversiteto da universitetis Semdgomi ganaTlebis regulireba, sam safexuriani swavlebis SemoReba da sasertifikacio gamocdis danergva. kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad: „mosamarTlis, prokuroris, advokatisa da notariusis Tanamdebobis dakavebis winapirobaa saxelmwifo sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabareba. sasertifikacio gamocda gansazRvravs, ramdenad Seesabameba gamosacdeli piris (kandidatis) Teoriuli codna da am codnis gamoyenebis unari wayenebul moTxovnebs.“41 kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebda saxelmwifo sasertifikacio gamocdis safuZvelze mosamarTlis, prokuroris, advokatisa da notariusis Tanamdebobis dakavebas. Tavad gamocda ori saxis SeiZleboda yofiliyo: saerTo da specializaciis mixedviT. kanonproeqtis ganxilva ganxorcielda parlamentis plenarul sxdomaze. damoukidebeli eqspertis lali baqraZis mier momzadda daskvna #4304,42 romelic mTel rig SeniSvnebs moicavda kanonproeqtTan mimarTebiT. 40

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/1521618.html

http://www.civilin.org/Project/p110.pdf

http://www.civilin.org/Project/d110.pdf

miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier dRemde ar momxdara iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aqtualur sakiTxTa dRis wesrigSic ki ar damdgara aRniSnuli samarTlebrivi aqtis miReba. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul danarCen or regulirebad profesias _ pedagogiursa da samedicinos _ maT aregulirebs calke samarTlebrivi aqtebi (saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb kanoni, maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis standarti da a.S.). Sesabamisad, erTaderTi samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic saxelmwifos mier regulirebuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvrel sakvalifikacio moTxovnebs adgens aris saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba #120/n-iT damtkicebuli erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCo. erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCo sami nawilisagan Sedgeba da moicavs: zogadi ganaTlebis, profesiuli ganaTlebis da umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCoebs. umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCo ganmartebulia, rogorc „erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCos Semadgeneli dokumenti, romelSic sistemizirebulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli umaRlesi (akademiuri) ganaTlebis kvalifikaciebi“, xolo dokumentis Tanaxmad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikacia: „aris swavlis Sedegi, romelic miiRweva akademiuri saganmanaTleblo programis daZleviT da dasturdeba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier gacemuli diplomiT. umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCo uzrunvelyofs umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciebis aRweras swavlis Sedegebis safuZvelze.“ rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenili dokumenti aris unificirebuli samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic, zogadad, adgens umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciis ganmsazRvrel maxasiaTeblebs da saerToa yvela profesiisTvis. sakvalifikacio CarCos Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod akreditaciis miRebis SemTxvevaSi. Sesabamisad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis micema SeuZliaT mxolod da mxolod akreditirebul saswavleblebs. umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi pirvel safexurze swavlis ufleba aqvs sruli zogadi ganaTlebis mqone pirs. sainteresoa, am mxriv aRiniSnos, rom kanonproeqti, romelic zemoT iqna ganxiluli Seicavda Tavs „winasauniversiteto ganaTleba“, romlis Tanaxmadac: „1. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba valdebulia, misces moswavles samarTlismcodneobis zogadi dawyebiTi ganaTleba, minimum daskvniTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. saswavlo programa unda moicavdes saqarTvelos konstituciis, samoqalaqo samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis safuZvlebis swavlebas. 2. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier SeTavazebuli samarTlismcodneobis saswavlo programa unda iqnes damtkicebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo sakoordinacio sabWos mier.“ qveTavs „saSualo ganaTlebis programis Sesaxeb“ moicavs aseve „iuridiuli ganaTlebis koncefciis proeqti“, romelic momzadda 2002 wlis ivlisSi, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciisa da amerikel iuristTa asociaciis mier erToblivad, USAID-is mxardaWeriT. koncefciaSi aRniSnulia, rom: „saSualo ganaTlebis programa unda moicavdes saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis safuZvlebis savaldebulo swavlebas sabazo skolis bolo wels _ mecxre klasSi, agreTve, profiluri saswavleblebis meaTe-meTerTmete klasebSi _ samarTalmcodneobis gaRrmavebul swavlebas. saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis safuZvlebis swavleba sabazo skolaSi unda moicavdes saxelmwifosa da samarTlis safuZvlebis Teoriul nawils, saqarTvelos konstituciisa

da sxva ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis zogad Teoriul mimoxilvas, saxelmwifosa da pirovnebis urTierTmimarTebas, adamianisa da bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis konvenciebs. swavlebis bolo etapze unda tardebodes gamocda, romelic daadasturebs saerTo samarTlebriv Teoriul momzadebas“. dResdReobiT moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, zogadsaganmanaTleblo doneze samarTlis elementebis swavleba xdeba samive safexurze: dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo safexurebze da is sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa sagnobriv jgufSia gaerTianebuli. dawyebiT safexurze sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis damoukidebeli Seswavla iwyeba V klasidan. moswavleebi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi Seiswavlian kurss `Cveni saqarTvelo~. kursis farglebSi moswavle ecnoba samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad principebs. sabazo safexurze, istoriasa da geografiasTan erTad, iswavleba sagani samoqalaqo ganaTleba, romelic aerTianebs mniSvnelovan samarTlebriv sakiTxebs da adgens, rom moswavlem kursis farglebSi unda: „gaiazros demokratiis, konstituciis, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis, rogorc saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi bazis mniSvneloba; gaiazros sakuTar da sxvis uflebebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs Soris arsebuli kavSiri da konkretuli nabijebi gadadgas sakuTari da sxvisi uflebebis dasacavad; gaiazros adamianis/bavSvTa uflebebis mniSvneloba da maTi dacvisTvis ganaxorcielos konkretuli qmedeba; gaacnobieros adamianTa specifikuri jgufebis uflebebis dacvis mniSvneloba da maTi dacvisTvis gadadgas konkretuli nabijebi.“ saSualo safexurze kursi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba da moswavles saSualebas aZlevs, daeuflos politikuri, iuridiuli da ekonomikuri mecnierebebis safuZvlebs; Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo ganaTleba SesaZlebelia miviCnioT zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis winapirobad. Tumca, aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom is ar warmoadgens samarTlis, rogorc sagnis Canacvlebas, radgan bevrad ufro kompleqsuria da Tavis TavSi ramdenime dargs aerTianebs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samoqalaqo ganaTlebis swavlis procesSi bevri problematuri sakiTxi ikveTeba, romelic yuradRebasa da gadaWras saWiroebs. magaliTad, 2011 wlis kvlevis angariSSi „samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagani saqarTvelos skolebSi da moswavleTa mier samoqalaqo ganaTlebis gakveTilebze miRebuli codnis praqtikuli gamoyeneba“ miTiTebulia, rom: „sxvadasxva kategoriis respondentTa azriT, swavlebis dabal dones ganapirobebs Semdegi faqtorebi: • pedagogTa arakvalificiuroba: saqarTveloSi ar arian samoqalaqo ganaTlebis specialistebi da, aseve, ar arsebobs naTeli warmodgena imaze, Tu vin unda aswavlos es sagani skolebSi. pedagogebs ar aqvT saTanado codna iuridiuli da socialuri mecnierebebis kuTxiT (magaliTad, fsiqologiis). • arasaTanado saswavlo garemo: skolebs ar aqvT saTanado materialur-teqnikuri baza samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnis efeqtianad swavlebisTvis. • pedagogebs ar aqvT sakmarisi damxmare saSualebebi da saswavlo masalebi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnis xarisxianad swavlebisTvis. • arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi yovelTvis ver pasuxobs swavlebis efeqtianobis mxriv arsebul moTxovnebsa da molodinebs (igulisxmeba ZiriTadad me-10 klasis saxelmZRvaneloebi). • zogadad, dabalia samoqalaqo kultura da cnobiereba, rac swavlebis xarisxsa da, rogorc pedagogebis, aseve moswavleebis motivaciaze axdens gavlenas. aRniSnulis fonze sainteresoa, im winapirobaTa CamonaTvali, romelic abiturients aZlevs uflebas, Cairicxos ama Tu im umaRlesi saswavleblis iuridiul fakultetze. pirvel rigSi, sainteresoa, ra sagnebs abarebs abiturienti imisaTvis, rom samarTalm-

codneobis fakultetze Cairicxos. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, Casabarebeli sagnebi or jgufad iyofa: savaldebulo da arCeviT sagnebad. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2011 wlis 18 Tebervlis brZaneba #19/n-is „erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Catarebis debulebisa da saxelmwifo saswavlo grantis ganawilebis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“ me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad: akademiur programaze CaricxvisTvis savaldebulo sagnebia: qarTuli ena da literatura, zogadi unarebi, erTi an ramdenime ucxour enaTagan, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis arCeviT, akademiuri programis Sesabamisad. akademiur programaze CaricxvisaTvis, garda savaldebulo sagnebisa, ganaTlebis erovnul centrTan SeTanxmebiT, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba irCevs Semdeg sagnebs: maTematika, humanitaruli sagnebi, literatura, geografia, istoria, sabunebismetyvelo sagnebi _ qimia, fizika, biologia. rogorc vxedavT, arc arCeviT da arc savaldebulo sagnebSi arc samarTali da arc samoqalaqo ganaTleba ar gvxdeba. umetes SemTxvevaSi, samarTalmcodneobis specialobaze mosaxvedrad istoria bardeba. sadavoa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad sakmarisia momavali iuristis Sefaseba, savaldebulo sagnebis garda, istoriis codnis safuZvelze. rodesac xarisxze vsaubrobT, es erT-erTi is komponentia, romelzedac dava dRemde mimdinareobs, ra doziT unda hqondes momaval iurists zogadi samarTlebrivi ganaTleba, warmoadgens Tu ara es imis winapirobas, rom sauniversiteto ganaTlebis aTvisebas studenti kargad SeZlebs. xazgasasmelia isic, rom arcTu iSviaTad samarTalmcodneobis specialobaze studentebi xvdebian ara pirveladi arCevanis Sedegad, aramed erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis sistema aZlevT maT saSualebas, airCion ramdenime profesia, Tu Casabarebeli gamocdebi iZleva amis saSualebas da Tu qulebi ar aris sakmarisi pirvelad miTiTebul specialobaze mosaxvedrad, Cairicxon meore da a.S. specialobebze. Tumca, naklebad savaraudoa, motivirebuli iyos aseTi studenti, romelsac 18 wlis asakSi arCevanis gakeTeba isedac uWirs. sasurvelia, am mxriv saxelmwifom midgoma Secvalos da arCeviT Casabarebel saganTa nusxas samarTali an samoqalaqo ganaTlebac Seematos. aseT SemTxvevaSi, abiturienti bevrad ufro gaazrebul arCevans gaakeTebs da, garkveulwilad, mzad iqneba im sapasuxismgeblo nabijis gadasadgmelad, rasac iuristad Camoyalibeba hqvia. 3.1.5. faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze analizis farglebSi mimoxilul iqna samarTlebrivi baza, romelic saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis safuZvelia. Sesabamisad, gamoikveTa is faqtorebic, romlebic gavlenas axdens iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze da pirdapir Tu iribad ganapirobebs kvalificiuri iuridiuli korpusis formirebas qveyanaSi. 1. iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standarti. jer kidev 2002 wels Seqmnili iuridiuli ganaTlebis koncefciiT43 ganisazRvra, rom „iuridiuli ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standartebis Camoyalibebis procesis dawyeba pirveli rigis gadaudebeli RonisZiebaa. gamarTuli, racionaluri, anu arsebuli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT da Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisi saxelmwifo standartebis arseboba dRevandel pirobebSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis marTvis sistemis Camoyalibebis winapirobaa.“ mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom 2002 wlis Semdeg seriozuli cvlilebebi ganicada ganaTlebis mTelma sistemam. dRes ukve arsebobs kvalifikaciaTa erovnuli CarCo, sadac gawerilia, Tu ra unda iyos pirveli, meore da mesame safexuris sauniversiteto 43 იურიდიული განათლების კონცეფცია - საქართველოს ახალგაზრდა იურისტთა ასოციაცია, ამერიკის იურისტთა ასოციაცია, ივლისი, 2002.

ganaTlebis Sedegi da kvalifikaciis ganmsazRvreli. dadgenilia kreditebis saerTo raodenoba da moqmedebs universitetSi Caricxvis erTiani wesi. miuxedavad amisa, iuridiuli, rogorc regulirebadi profesia, specifikur midgomas da regulirebas saWiroebs. mizanSewonilia dargobrivi dokumentis, unificirebuli aqtis Seqmna (mag. kanoni iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb), romelic gansazRvravs iuridiuli ganaTlebis erTian saxelmwifo standarts, sadac saxelmwifo mkafiod daafiqsirebs pozicias, Tu ras niSnavs kvalifikacia `iuristi~, ra unda icodes da ra unar-Cvevebs unda flobdes igi. 2. xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris qmediTi roli. umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT, umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis sadarajoze dgas xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri, romelic umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis savaldebulo struqturuli erTeulia. Seswavlili saswavleblebidan saxelmwifo universitetebs ufro sistematizirebuli aqvT aRniSnuli struqturuli erTeulis saqmianoba, vidre kerZo dawesebulebebs, Tumca, xSirad moZvelebuli informacia devs saitebze. arsebobs mxolod rekomendaciebi _ ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris brZanebiT damtkicebuli. sasurvelia am samsaxuris gaZliereba da erTiani meTodologiis daxvewa, strategiuli xedvebis Camoyalibeba da samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba. sasurvelia, fokusi gakeTdes regulirebad profesiebze, raTa saxelmwifos principuli damokidebuleba gamoCndes am profesiebis mimarT. mudmivad unda xdebodes xarisxis kontrolis mxardaWera, raTa qveyanaSi Zlieri iuristTa korpusi Camoyalibdes. 3. biblioTeka. Tanamedrove literaturis roli Zalian didia iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad. am mxriv, Sefaseba ori mimarTulebiT SeiZleba gakeTdes: erTi _ silabusebSi miTiTebuli literatura ramdenad Tanamedrove da relevanturia da, meore _ ramdenad xelmisawvdomia is literatura, romelic miTiTebulia silabusSi. pirveli sakiTxi uSualo kavSirSia leqtoris kompetenciasTan da akademiuri personalis pasuxismgeblobasTan. rac Seexeba xelmisawvdomobas, am SemTxvevaSi dgeba sakiTxi, ramdenad mdidaria biblioTeka, aRWurvilia Tu ara is Tanamedrove eleqtronuli saSualebebiT. udavod dadebiTad unda Sefasdes is, rom avtorizaciis erT-erTi standarti adgens: â&#x20AC;&#x17E;T) dawesebulebis biblioTekis fondi (rogorc beWduri, ise eleqtronul matareblebze arsebuli) Seesabameba Tu ara saganmanaTleblo programis saswavlo kursebis programebSi (silabusebSi) miTiTebul literaturas, aseve, uzrunvelyofilia Tu ara saerTaSoriso eleqtronul sabiblioTeko qselSi CarTuloba. i) arsebobs Tu ara dawesebulebaSi biblioTekis katalogi, biblioTekiT sargeblobis wesebi da aucilebeli inventariT aRWurvili samkiTxvelo darbazi.â&#x20AC;&#x153; miuxedavad zemoaRniSnulisa, biblioTekebis mdgomareoba universitetebSi Sorsaa idealurisagan. am mxriv, aucilebelia gagrZeldes muSaoba da biblioTeka studentebisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelmisawvdom adgilad iqces, sadac isini yvelaze didi dros gaatareben. 4. akademiuri personali. rodesac xarisxze vsaubrobT, erT-erT Zireul da gadamwyvet faqtors ganekuTvneba akademiuri personalis kvalifikacia. es is kriteriumia, romelic ganapirobebs studentTa mizidulobis xarisxsac ama Tu im universitetisadmi. bolo periodSi ganxorcielebulma cvlilebebma, akreditacia/avtorizaciis procesebma universitetebi daayena aucileblobis winaSe _ moewviaT iseTi profesorebi, romlebic TavianTi cenziTa da statusiT uzrunvelyofdnen dawesebulebis programis Sesabamisobas dadgenil standartTan. avtorizaciis standarti adgens dawesebulebis

akademiuri personalis Tanafardobas dawesebulebis statussa da studentTa raodenobasTan mimarTebiT, kerZod: a) kolejSi _ minimum erTi sruli, asocirebuli an asistent-profesori 40 studentze, magram aranakleb 10 profesorisa; b) saswavlo universitetSi _ ara umetes 5 saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 50 studentze, 6-idan 12 saganmanaTleblo programamde ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 60 studentze, 12 da meti saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 70 studentze, magram aranakleb 15 sruli, asocirebuli an asistent-profesorisa; g) universitetSi _ ara umetes 11 saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 50 studentze, 12-idan 24 saganmanaTleblo programamde ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 60 studentze, 24 da meti saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi _ minimum erTi sruli an asocirebuli profesori 70 studentze, aranakleb 25 sruli, asocirebuli an asistent-profesorisa. mniSvnelovania daTqma imis Sesaxebac, rom saganmanaTleblo programa ar SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod mowveuli personalis, mkvlevarebis an maswavleblebis mier. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrda tendencia, rom erTi da igive piri dakavebul iqna ramdenime universitetSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da, realurad Tu vimsjelebT, xSirad warmoudgenelia erTi adamianis mier aseTi masStabis samuSaos Sesruleba. aRniSnuli problemis gamomwvev erT-erT mizezad SeiZleba moviazroT is garemoeba, rom qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi arsebuli iuridiuli fakultetebis raodenoba aRemateba bazarze arsebuli akademiuri kadrebis odenobas. gansxvavebiT igive ucxouri praqtikisgan, saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis did umravlesobas iuridiuli fakulteti aqvs, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi mxriv, iuridiul ganaTlebaze arsebuli didi moTxovniT, meore mxriv ki imiT, rom aRniSnuli moTxovna, Sesabamisad ki studentebis raodenoba, iuridiul fakultets aqcevs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis â&#x20AC;&#x17E;marCenalâ&#x20AC;&#x153; fakultetad. akademiuri personalis kuTxiT, erTgvar kontrolis meqanizms warmoadgens zemoT xsenebuli avtorizaciis standartis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom: avtorizaciis miznebisTvis erTi sruli profesori eTvleba mxolod erT universitets, mxolod or saswavlo universitets, an mxolod or kolejs, an saswavlo universitetsa da kolejs, profesoris arCeviT; xolo asocirebuli profesori eTvleba mxolod or dawesebulebas, profesoris arCeviT. sruli an asocirebuli profesoris mier or an met dawesebulebaSi sruli an asocirebuli profesoris Tanamdebobis dakaveba mowmdeba saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis reestris monacemebiT. miuxedavad amisa, aucilebelia adgilobrivi kadrebis maqsimaluri waxaliseba, raTa ar moxdes mxolod ramdenime piris datvirTva Seusabamod didi odenobis saaTebiT, rac, sabolood, xels SeuSlis xarisxiani da kvalificiuri leqciebis sistematur Catarebas. 3.2. silabusebis da programebis analizi qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo normebis analizis paralelurad, kvlevis Tvisebrivi komponentis sakvanZo nawils warmoadgens uSualod qarTuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis samarTlis silabusebis da programebis analizi.

erTi mxriv, mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresebuli iyo imiT, Tu ramdenad xerxdeba qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofa, sad aris problema da rogor SeiZleba misi gamosworeba; ra aris umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvreli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT. meore mxriv, sainteresoa, Tu ramdenad aris daculi da gaTvaliswinebuli arsebuli kanonmdebloba, miuxedavad misi xarvezebisa da upiratesobebisa. am TvalsazrisiT, ganxorcielda sakvlevi universitetebis programebisa da silabusebis Seswavla. 3.2.1. saswavlo kursis programebi (silabusebi) ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris 07.04.2011 wlis #188 brZaneba aregulirebs rekomendaciebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciasTan dakavSirebiT. brZanebis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, silabusSi mieTiTeba: a) saswavlo kursis saxelwodeba. b) avtori. g) saswavlo kursis/modulis miznebi. d) kreditebis raodenoba da saaTebis ganawileba studentis datvirTvis Sesabamisad. e) daSvebis winapirobebi. v) swavlis Sedegebi. z) Sinaarsi. T) swavlebis/swavlis meTodebi. i) Sefasebis kriteriumebi. k) ZiriTadi da damxmare literatura. sanam uSualod SevexebiT silabusebis Sefasebas, mniSvnelovania ganvsazRvroT silabusis Sinaarsi da Sefasebis kriteriumebi. saswavlo kursis programa (silabusi) aris dokumenti, romelic iZleva informacias saswavlo kursis/modulis miznebis, swavlis Sedegebis, kreditebis, Sinaarsis, swavlebisa da swavlis meTodebis, Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb. brZanebiT gansazRvruli CamonaTvalis garda, praqtikaSi vxvdebiT sxvadasxva kriteriums, kerZod: 1. saswavlo kursis saxelwodebis gansazRvras udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. am ukanasknels erTobliobaSi zustad unda pasuxobdes is Sinaarsi da swavlebis Temebi, romlebic kurikulumiT aris gawerili. mniSvnelovania, is exmianebodes 2005 wlis 19-20 maiss umaRles ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebeli evropeli ministrebis mier bergenis konferenciaze miRebuli kvalifikaciebis saerTo struqturis im safexurs, romelze saswavlebladac aris gamiznuli esa Tu is saswavlo kursis programa. 2. saswavlo kursis (modulis) kodi (aRniSnuli kodis miniWeba xdeba Sesabamis universitetSi moqmedi erTiani wesis Sesabamisad, saswavlo procesis marTvis samsaxuris mier). aRniSnuli veli, xSir SemTxvevaSi, carielia xolme sauniversiteto silabusebSi, Tumca, universitetebs Sida regulaciebiT aucileblad unda hqondeT msgavsi kodebi silabusebisTvis miniWebuli. 3. saswavlo kursis statusi. statusSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: fakulteti, swavlebis safexuri (profesiuli umaRlesi, sabakalavro, diplomirebuli medikosis, samagistro, sadoqtoro programa) savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi. yovelive es ki, unda pasuxob-

des kiTxvas, visTvis aris es saswavlo kursi gaTvaliswinebuli. aRniSnul grafaSi aseve mniSvnelovania imis miTiTeba, aris Tu ara es kursi savaldebulo an arCeviTi romelime specialobis studentebisTvis. 4. kreditebis raodenoba da saaTebis ganawileba studentis datvirTvis Sesabamisad _ ECTS. aRniSnuli aris saswavlo kursis kreditebi, agreTve, sakontaqto da damoukidebeli muSaobis saaTebis raodenoba kvireuli da semestruli gaTvliT. kreditebSi unda iyos asaxuli rogorc sakontaqto, ise damoukideblad muSaobis saaTebi, anu is dro, romelsac leqtori iyenebs saauditoro muSaobisas da is dro, romelic students sWirdeba masalis mosamzadeblad. aseve, aRniSnuli grafa unda moicavdes Sualeduri da saboloo SefasebebisTvis gankuTvnil dros. 5. leqtori (leqtorebi). aRniSnul grafaSi aucileblad unda mieTiTos leqtoris maidentificirebeli monacemebi (saxeli, gvari, statusi, xarisxi, dakavebuli akademiuri Tanamdeboba), aseve, samuSao adgili da sakontaqto informacia. kurss SeiZleba uZRvebodes ramdenime leqtori. aseT SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia maTi monacemebis Seyvana srulad. 6. saswavlo kursis miznebi. mizani ar SeiZleba iyos Zalian farTo da zogadi. piriqiT, igi gadmocemuli unda iyos konkretulad da mkafiod. Tavis mxriv, swavlebis yvela safexurs aqvs damoukidebeli mizani da maTi specifika mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. 7. saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapirobebi. aRniSnul grafaSi unda mieTiTos, Tu ra sagnebi unda hqondes students gavlili aRniSnul kursze daSvebis uflebis mosapoveblad. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu saswavlo kursi moiTxovs studentisagan specialur codnas, isic aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli. 8. saswavlo kursis formati. aRniSnul grafaSi unda mieTiTos, Tu ra tipis da ra intensivobis samuSao Sexvedrebi Catardeba studentebTan, magaliTad, leqcia, seminari, praqtikuli samuSao da a.S. 9. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi _ leqciis/seminaris /praqtikumis/laboratoriuli samuSaos da a. S. Tema, literatura (Sesabamisi gverdebis miTiTebiT). mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul grafaSi zustad iyos gansazRvruli TiToeuli saleqcio Temis xangrZlivoba, misi saTauri, masalebi gverdebis miTiTebiT. students silabusis meSveobiT unda SeeZlos yvela saWiro informaciis miReba swavlis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, romelic, rogorc wesi, ganisazRvreba danarTis saxiT. 10. Sefaseba. miTiTebuli unda iyos Sefasebis kriteriumebi, saboloo da damatebiT gamocdaze daSvebis winapiroba. Sualeduri da saboloo Sefasebis formebi: kolokviumi, weriTi da/an zepiri gamokiTxva, prezentacia da a. S. TiToeuli formis xvedriTi wili saboloo SefasebisTvis, universitetSi moqmedi wesebis Sesabamisad. 11. savaldebulo literatura _ ZiriTadi saxelmZRvaneloebi, konspeqti, eleqtronuli saxelmZRvaneloebi da dokumentebi, veb-gverdi, romlis mixedviTac mimdinareobs swavleba, e.w riderebi; mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnuli literatura xelmisawvdomi iyos Sesabamisi umaRlesi saswavleblis biblioTekaSi, razec unda iyos specialuri miTiTeba. 12. damatebiTi literatura da sxva saswavlo masala. aRniSnul velSi miTiTebuli unda iyos is wignebi, samecniero statiebi, eleqtronuli resursebi, veb-gverdi da sxva saswavlo masala, romelTa gamoyenebiTac studentebs, garda savaldebulo literaturisa, saSualeba eqnebaT, saswavlo kursis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb miiRon damatebiTi codna.

13. swavlis Sedegebi. aRniSnul grafaSi unda mieTiTos is dargobrivi codna da zogadi unarebi, romlebsac daeufleba studenti saswavlo kursis gavlis Semdeg. kerZod, codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi. 14. swavlebisa da swavlis meTodebi. mocemul grafaSi unda aRiniSnos, Tu ra meTodebiT moxdeba studentebisaTvis codnis gadacema. mag. sokrates meTodi, verbaluri, anu zepirsityvieri meTodi, wignze muSaobis meTodi, laboratoriuli meTodi da demonstrirebis meTodi, praqtikuli meTodi, diskusia da debati, jgufuri muSaobis meTodi, problemebze dafuZnebuli swavleba, TanamSromlobiTi swavleba, evristikuli meTodi, SemTxvevis analizi (Case Study), gonebrivi ieriSi (Brain storming), rolebi da situaciuri TamaSebi, demonstrirebis meTodi, induqcia, deduqcia, analizi da sinTezi, axsna-ganmartebis meTodi, qmedebaze orientirebuli swavleba, eleqtronuli swavleba da a.S. 15. saswavlo kursis gavlasTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi pirobebi. aRniSnuli velis arseboba da misi Sevseba savaldebulo ar aris, Tumca, msgavsi pirobebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Sevseba aucilebelia. 3.2.2. silabusis Sefasebis indikatorebi mimoxilvis procesSi silabusebis Sefaseba ganxorcielda Semdegi indikatorebis mixedviT: 1. silabusSi warmodgenili informaciis sisrule • Sevsebulia yvela punqti • ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i • bolomde ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i 2. ECTS sistemis swori gamoyeneba • kreditebi adekvaturad asaxavs studentis datvirTvas • kreditebi ar Seesabameba studentis datvirTvas • ver dgindeba kreditebis Sesabamisoba studentis datvirTvasTan, vinaidan ar aris miTiTebuli asaTvisebeli masalis moculoba 3. kursis miznebi • mkafiod aris formulirebuli • mkafiod formulirebuli ar aris 4. saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapirobebi • winapirobebi Seesabameba kursis miznebs • winapirobebi ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs 5. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi • Seesabameba kursis miznebs da swavlis Sedegebs • ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs da swavlis Sedegebs

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miTiTebulia leqciis, seminaris, praqtikumis, laboratoriuli samuSaos da a. S. Tema leqciis, seminaris, praqtikumis, laboratoriuli samuSaos da a. S. Tema miTiTebuli ar aris miTiTebulia dasamuSavebeli literaturis gverdebi dasamuSavebeli literaturis gverdebi miTiTebuli ar aris

6. Sefasebis Sesabamisoba dadgenil wesTan (min. sami komponenti, maqsimum 40%, minimum 30% saboloo gamocda, saboloo gamocdaSi savaldebulo weriTi komponenti da a.S.) • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs 7. Sefasebis kriteriumebi • miTiTebulia • ar aris miTiTebuli 8. savaldebulo literatura • Seesabameba kursis miznebs • ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs • warmodgenilia Tanamedrove literatura • warmodgenilia moZvelebuli literatura 9. damatebiTi literatura da sxva saswavlo masala • Seesabameba kursis miznebs • ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs • warmodgenilia Tanamedrove literatura • warmodgenilia moZvelebuli literatura 10. swavlis Sedegebi (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi) • warmodgenilia • ar aris warmodgenili • arasrulad aris warmodgenili 11. Sesabamisoba kursis miznebsa da swavlis Sedegebs Soris • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba kursis miznebs

12. Sesabamisoba swavlis Sedegebsa da Sefasebis meTodebs Soris • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba swavlis Sedegebs 13. swavlebisa da swavlis meTodebi • miTiTebulia • ar aris miTiTebuli mimoxilvaSi ar aris asaxuli TiToeuli sakvlevi universitetis programa da misi sagnebis kvlevis Sedegebi, konfidencialurobisa da universitetebTan SeTanxmebidan gamomdinare. Tumca, kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa mTeli rigi problemebi da Seusabamobebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad srulad moicavs qarTuli iuridiuli swavleba idealuri ganaTlebis kriteriumebs. 3.2.3. Sefaseba

saxelmwifo universitetebi xSiri problemebi • swavlebis meTodebSi CamoTvlilia TiTqmis yvela savaraudo meTodi, rac ki bunebaSi arsebobs. praqtikaSi yvela maTganis gamoyeneba Sesabamis saleqcio kviraSi SeuZlebelia. • swavlebis meTodad mxolod klasikuri leqciaa miTiTebuli. miznebi ki scdeba meTodebs. mxolod klasikuri leqciiT gamoricxulia dasaxuli Sedegis miReba, rogoricaa kvleviTi unarebis gaumjobeseba. • swavlis Sedegebi ar aris gaazrebuli da CaSlili, Tu romeli sagani ra Sedegis momtani SeiZleba gaxdes _ zog SemTxvevaSi ar weria, zog SemTxvevaSi ki, yvela miTiTebulia mSralad (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi). • ar aris miTiTebuli informacia, sagani savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi. marTalia, aRniSnulis miTiTeba savaldebulo moTxovna ar aris, Tumca, rekomendirebulia, vinaidan es students gaumartivebs sagnis momzadebas silabusis safuZvelze. • ar aris Sevsebuli grafa _ saswavlo kursis Seswavlis winapiroba. calkeuli problemebi •

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literatura: konkretul sferoSi arsebobs sxva saxelmZRvanelo, romelic bevr universitetSi gamoiyeneba ZiriTad literaturad da konkretul silabusSi damatebiT literaturadac ar aris miTiTebuli. aRniSnuli xarvezis safuZvelia silabusebis ganaxlebis deficiti. rodesac xdeba silabusis Sedgena, Semdgom is, rogorc wesi, aRar gadaixedeba da yovelwliurad avtomaturad xdeba maTi gamoyeneba. ar aris miTiTebuli damatebiTi literatura da sxva damxmare masala. miTiTebuli literatura arasakmarisia. struqturulad gaumarTavia saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi.

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formati: ar aris Sevsebuli saswavlo kursis formati. saswavlo kursis formati sxva grafebSia gaerTianebuli. sxva: bolomde ar aris Sevsebuli leqtoris monacemebis grafa, sadac ar aris miTiTebuli leqtoris statusi, xarisxi da sakontaqto informacia. swavlis winapiroba arasaTanadod aris gansazRvruli.

kerZo universitetebi xSiri problemebi • saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi, zog SemTxvevaSi, arasaTanadod aris Camoyalibebuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, aklia gverdebis miTiTeba. • ar aris miTiTebuli leqtoris vinaoba, statusi da monacemebi. • kreditebi:  kreditebis raodenoba, realurad, studentis mier gasawev samuSaoze naklebia  ar ikveTeba saaTobrivad studentis datvirTva • zedmetad farTod aris Camoyalibebuli saswavlo kursis miznebi. • swavlis Sedegebi ar aris CaSlili (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi). calkeuli problemebi • ar aris miTiTebuli saswavlo kursis statusi. • ar aris miTiTebuli saswavlo kursis formati. • ar aris miTiTebuli damatebiTi literatura. • savaldebulo literaturaze ar aris miTiTebuli gverdebi Tematikis mixedviT. • zedmetad farTod aris gansazRvrebuli saswavlo kursis dasaxeleba. • saswavlo kursis miznebi gaerTianebulia saswavlo kursis SedegebTan. zog SemTxvevaSi, miznebi Zalian zogadad aris Camoyalibebuli. • mocemulia swavlis sakmaod bevri meTodi, romelic Teoriulad SesaZloa Sedegs iZleodes, Tumca, realurad, yvela meTodis gamoyeneba, swavlebis formatidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia, anu zedmetad bevri meTodia Casmuli. 3.3. saganmanaTleblo programa ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris direqtoris 07.04.2011 wlis #188 brZaneba aregulirebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis avtorizaciis rekomendaciebs. aRniSnuli brZanebis me-5 muxli adgens saganmanaTleblo programis Sinaarss, romlis Tanaxmadac, saganmanaTleblo programaSi mieTiTeba:

a) programis saxelwodeba; b) misaniWebeli kvalifikacia; g) programis moculoba kreditebiT; d) swavlebis ena; e) saganmanaTleblo programis mizani, romelic mimarTulia studentis kompetenciebis gamomuSavebasa da dasaqmebis sferos gansazRvraze; v) programaze daSvebis winapiroba; z) swavlis Sedegi; T) swavlis Sedegebis miRwevis meTodebi; i) studentis codnis Sefasebis sistema; k) saswavlo gegma, swavlebis organizebis Taviseburebebis miTiTebiT. aseve programas unda axldes: a) saswavlo kursebis programebi (silabusebi); b) informacia saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli adamianuri da materialuri resursis Sesaxeb; g) programis damtkicebis aqti (saganmanaTleblo programa SemuSavebuli da damtkicebuli unda iyos wesdebiT/debulebiT gansazRvruli wesiT). brZanebis me-15 muxli adgens programis Sefasebis sistemas, romlis Tanaxmadac, dawesebulebas SemuSavebuli unda hqondes saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcielebis Sefasebis sistema. sasurvelia, gamoiyenebodes akademiuri personalisa da studentTa gamokiTxvis formebi. dawesebulebis erT-erTi struqturuli erTeuli, saganmanaTleblo programebis ganxorcielebis Sefasebis Sedegad, unda SeimuSavebdes rekomendaciebsa da Sesabamis samoqmedo gegmas saganmanaTleblo programebis Semdgomi srulyofis mizniT. boloniis procesi iTvaliswinebs 10 ZiriTad amocanas: 1. advilad gasagebi da Sesadarebeli kvalifikaciebi; 2. swavlebis samsafexuriani sistema (bakalavriati, magistratura, doqtorantura) da erToblivi xarisxebi; 3. sakredito sistema; 4. mobiloba; 5. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da akreditacia; 6. evropuli ganaTlebis mimzidveloba; 7. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da studentebi; 8. cxovrebis manZilze swavla; 9. socialuri ganzomileba umaRles ganaTlebaSi; 10. ganaTlebisa da kvlevis Serwyma. saganmanaTleblo programis SinaarsSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos: 1. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba; 2. erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCos moTxovnebi;

3. dargobrivi standarti (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi); 4. sauniversiteto regulaciebi; 5. Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebi; 6. profesiuli organizaciebis moTxovnebi (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi); 7. Sesabamis dargSi/qvedargSi arsebuli erovnuli tradicia; 8. dasavluri universitetebis gamocdileba; 9. dasavluri profesiuli standartebi (Tuningis dokumentebi, britaneTis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis saagentos dargobrivi aTvlis wertilebi da sxv.). 3.3.1. swavlis safexurebi  bakalavriati _ akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli safexuris saganmanaTleblo programa, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi specialobis safuZvlebis swavlebas, rac aucilebelia imisTvis, rom pirma imuSaos miniWebuli kvalifikaciiT da, aseve, magistraturaSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad (aranakleb 240 krediti); bakalavriatis saganmanaTleblo programis dasrulebis Semdeg misaniWebeli kvalifikaciis saxelwodeba unda moicavdes termins „bakalavri“ Sesabamisi mimarTulebis an/da dargis/specialobis miTiTebiT. bakalavriatSi swavlis mizania, srul zogad ganaTlebaze maRali donis profesiul momzadebasTan erTad, saswavlo disciplinebis Teoriuli aspeqtebis SedarebiT Rrma aTviseba, rac kvleviTi xasiaTis programebiT amzadebs pirs magistraturaSi Semdgomi swavlisa da muSaobisaTvis, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili SezRudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT.  magistratura _ akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis meore safexuris saganmanaTleblo programa, romelic moicavs samecniero kvlevis elementebs da miznad isaxavs bakalavris Semdgomi donis specialistis an mkvlevaris momzadebas, agreTve, pirs amzadebs miRebuli kvalifikaciiT muSaobisaTvis (aranakleb 120 krediti). magistraturis saganmanaTleblo programis dasrulebis Semdeg misaniWebeli kvalifikaciis saxelwodeba unda moicavdes termins „magistri“ Sesabamisi mimarTulebis, dargis/specialobis an/da qvedargis/specializaciis miTiTebiT. magistraturaSi swavlis miznebia: a) samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobisa da umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi pedagogiuri moRvaweobisaTvis momzadeba; b) specialobis Secvla; g) kvalifikaciis amaRleba. magistraturis saganmanaTleblo programa, garda saxelovnebo da sasporto umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis saSemsruleblo specialobebisa, ar SeiZleba Sedgebodes mxolod swavlebisagan. is aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes studentis mier iseTi kvlevebis damoukideblad Catarebas, romelTa safuZvelzec, igi SeZlebs sakvalifikacio naSromis wardgenas.  doqtorantura _ akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis mesame safexuris saganmanaTleblo programa, saswavlo da samecniero-kvleviTi komponentebis erToblioba, romel-

ic miznad isaxavs samecniero kadris momzadebas da mTavrdeba doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis miniWebiT (aranakleb 180 krediti). doqtoranturis dasrulebisa da disertaciis dacvis SemTxvevaSi, doqtorants eniWeba akademiuri xarisxi, romlis saxelwodeba unda moicavdes termins „doqtori“ Sesabamisi mimarTulebis an/da dargis/specialobis miTiTebiT. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba uzrunvelyofs doqtorants samecniero xelmZRvaneliT, uqmnis pirobebs samecniero kvlevaze orientirebuli samuSaos Casatareblad, romelic unda moicavdes dasabuTebul Teoriul an/da eqsperimentul Sedegebs, xels uwyobs doqtorantis integracias msoflio samecniero sazogadoebaSi. 3.3.2. kvalifikaciebis struqtura umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcisaTvis44 2005 wlis 19-20 maiss umaRles ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebeli evropeli ministrebis bergenis konferenciam miiRo kvalifikaciebis saerTo struqtura umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcisaTvis. igi moicavs sam safexurs, TiToeuli safexurisaTvis _ swavlis Sedegebsa da kompetenciebze dafuZnebul saerTo aRwerebsa da kreditebs _ pirveli da meore safexurisaTvis. ECTS krediti

Sedegi

pirveli safexuris pirveli safexuris Sesabamisi kvalifikaciebi eni- Cveulebrivad, moicavs 180-240 kvalifikaciebi Weba studentebs, romlebsac: • gaaCniaT disciplinis codna, romelic zogad kredits ganaTlebas emyareba, uzrunvelyofilia skolis Semdgomi donis saxelmZRvaneloebiT da moicavs am disciplinis mowinave aspeqtebs; • SeuZliaT Tavisi codnisa da unarebis gamoyeneba ise, rom warmoaCinon Tavisi samuSaosa an profesiisadmi profesionaluri midgoma, gaaCniaT kompetenciebi, romelTa demonstrirebasac axdenen argumentebis SemuSavebisa da maTi dacvis meSveobiT da wyveten Tavisi disciplinis problemebs. gaaCniaT unari, Seagrovon da ganaxorcielon Sesabamisi monacemebis interpretireba (Cveulebriv, TavianTi disciplinis farglebSi), raTa Camoayalibon mosazrebebi, romlebic asaxavs Sesabamis socialur, samecniero da eTikur sakiTxebs; • SeuZliaT informaciis, ideebis, problemebisa da maTi gadaWris Sesaxeb komunikacia rogorc specialistebis, aseve araspecialistebis wreSi; • gamomuSavebuli aqvT swavlis iseTi unar-Cvevebi, romlebic aucilebelia damoukideblad swavlis Semdgomi gagrZelebisaTvis.

www.bologna-bergen2005.no

Cveulebrivad moicavs 90-120 kredits, minimum 60 krediti meore safexurze

meore safexuris kvalifikaciebi

meore safexuris Sesabamisi kvalifikaciebi eniWebaT studentebs, romlebsac: • gaaCniaT codna, romelic efuZneba da aRrmavebs pirvel safexurze miRebul ganaTlebas da xSirad kvlevis konteqstSi uzrunvelyofs ideis originaluri ganviTarebis da/an gamoyenebis safuZvels an SesaZleblobas; • SeuZliaT codnisa da problemebis gadaWris unaris gamoyeneba axal an ucnob garemoSi TavianT disciplinasTan dakavSirebul an momijnave (multidisciplinur) konteqstSi; • gaaCniaT codnis integrirebis unari, SeuZliaT Tavi gaarTvan sirTuleebs da arasrul an SezRudul informaciaze dayrdnobiT Camoayalibon mosazrebebi, romlebSic maTi codnisa da mosazrebebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli socialuri da eTikuri pasuxismgeblobebi aisaxeba; • SeuZliaT TavianTi daskvnebis sajaro wardgena, maTi mkafio dasabuTeba Sesabamisi codniTa da logikiT, rogorc specialistebTan, ise araspecialistebTan; • gaaCniaT swavlis iseTi unar-Cvevebi, romlebic TviTganmsazRvreli an damoukidebeli swavlis gagrZelebis saSualebas iZleva.

mesame safexuris kvalifikaciebi

ar aris mesame safexuris Sesabamisi kvalifikaciebi gansazRvruli eniWebaT studentebs, romlebsac: • gaaCniaT Tavis dargis/disciplinis sistemuri aRqmis unari da daxelovnebulni arian dargTan asocirebuli kvlevis meTodebSi; • gaaCniaT kvlevis procesis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebisa da adaptirebis mecnieruli unari; • originaluri kvlevebis meSveobiT SeaqvT TavianTi wvlili dargis ganviTarebaSi, romelic afarToebs codnis sazRvrebs da, romelic imsaxurebs asaxvas erovnul an saerTaSoriso referirebad publikaciebSi; • SeuZliaT axali da kompleqsuri ideebis kritikuli analizi, Sefaseba da sinTezi; • SeuZliaT komunikacia Tavis kolegebTan, mecnierTa farTo wreebTan da sazogadoebasTan TavianT sferoSi; • codnaze dafuZnebul sazogadoebaSi akademiur da profesiul konteqstSi SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon teqnologiur, socialur da kulturul winsvlas.

3.3.3. saganmanaTleblo programis komponentebi • programis saxelwodeba _ igi unda Seesabamebodes ama Tu im dargs/specialobas an qvedargs/specializacias. • misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi _ regulirdeba saxelmwifos mier (magaliTad, specialuri brZaneba, wesi, instruqcia, erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCo da sxva). • programis xelmZRvaneli. • programis mizani _ mkafiod, sasurvelia punqtobrivad, unda mieTiTos programis miznebi da aqtualoba. • swavlis Sedegebi _ swavlis Sedegebi unda aRiweros dargobrivi da zogadi (transferuli) kompetenciebiT, eqvsi kriteriumis mixedviT: codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi. • dasaqmebis sferoebi _ programis mizandasaxuloba, Sinaarsi da struqtura, swavlis Sedegebi unda Seesabamebodes dasaqmebis miTiTebul sferoebsa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas. • swavlis gagrZelebis saSualeba _ SesaZlebelia mieTiTos, Tu romeli profilis programebze SeZlebs swavlis gagrZelebas aRniSnuli programis kursdamTavrebuli (unda mieTiTos programebis zogadi profili da ara amJamad arsebuli programebis saxelwodebebi, vinaidan isini SeiZleba Seicvalos). • programaze daSvebis winapiroba da studentTa maqsimaluri raodenoba _ sxvadasxva safexuris programas SeiZleba daSvebis sxvadasxva winapiroba hqondes (wina safexuris garkveuli klasifikacia, esa Tu is saswavlo kursi da sxva). SesaZlebelia studentTa raodenobis SezRudvac resursebidan gamomdinare. • programis struqtura (saswavlo gegma) _ unda mieTiTos Sesabamisi savaldebulo da arCeviTi modulebi, saswavlo kursebi da maTi kreditebi. sasurvelia, saswavlo kursebis (modulebis) kreditebi 5-is jeradi iyos. programaSi (mis modulSi) warmodgenili arCeviTi saswavlo kursebis kreditebis raodenoba naklebi unda iyos studentis mier asarCevi sagnebis kreditebis raodenobaze. • programis materialur-teqnikuri baza _ miuTiTeT Sesabamisi kompiuteruli resurs-centri, biblioTeka, laboratoria da sxva. • sadoqtoro programis saxeebi _ sadoqtoro programa SeiZleba iyos dargobrivi, dargTaSorisi an Tematuri. ZiriTadi (major) da damatebiTi (minor) specialobebis kombinaciebi erovnuli sakvalifikacio CarCos moTxovna a) ZiriTadi specialoba da Tavisufali komponentebi; b) ZiriTadi specialoba, damatebiTi specialoba da Tavisufali komponentebi; g) ZiriTadi da ori damatebiTi specialoba. ori ZiriTadi specialobis (double major) upiratesoba • dasaqmebisa da swavlis gagrZelebis ufro farTo areali (dasaqmebis maCveneblis zrda); • dRevandel Sromis bazarze naklebad orientirebuli specialobebis interesebis dacva;

• •

specialobebs Soris raodenobrivi balansis aRdgena; kvalifikaciis miniWebis problema _ Tu studentma ori specialobis yvela moTxovna Seasrula.

3.3.4. programis Sefasebis indikatorebi 1. warmodgenili informaciis sisrule • Sevsebulia yvela punqti • ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i • bolomde ar aris Sevsebuli Semdegi punqt(eb)i 2. programis Sesabamisoba erovnul sakvalifikacio CarCosTan • Seesabameba • ar Seesabameba 3. misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxis erovnul sakvalifikacio CarCosTan Sesabamisoba • Seesabameba • ar Seesabameba 4. misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad (BA, BSc, BBA, MA, MSc, MBA, PhD ...) • miTiTebulia sworad • ar aris sworad miTiTebuli 5. programis xelmZRvanelis kvalifikacia • Seesabameba programis miznebs • ar Seesabameba programis miznebs 6. programis sakvalifikacio daxasiaTebis damajerebloba • programis mizani Camoyalibebulia kargad • programis mizani mkafiod gansazRvruli ar aris • programis Sedegebi Camoyalibebulia kargad • programis Sedegebi mkafiod gansazRvruli ar aris • dasaqmebis sferoebi miTiTebulia sworad • dasaqmebis sferoebi sworad miTiTebuli ar aris 7. Sesabamisoba programis mizansa da swavlis Sedegebs Soris • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba

8. Sesabamisoba programis struqturasa da swavlis Sedegebs Soris • sruli Sesabamisoba • sruli Seusabamoba • bolomde ar Seesabameba 9. arCeviTi sagnebis raodenoba • Seesabameba sauniversiteto regulaciebs • ar Seesabameba sauniversiteto regulaciebs 10. ECTS kreditebi • programaSi sworad aris ganawilebuli • programaSi sworad ar aris ganawilebuli • saswavlo kursebs sworad aqvT miTiTebuli • saswavlo kursebs sworad ar aqvT miTiTebuli 11. saswavlo praqtika • programa ar iTvaliswinebs praqtikas, radgan mas es ar moeTxoveba • programa ar iTvaliswinebs praqtikas, Tumca, mas es moeTxoveba • programa iTvaliswinebs praqtikas, magram ara saTanado moculobiT • programa iTvaliswinebs praqtikas saTanado moculobiT 12. materialur-teqnikuri baza (infrastruqtura) • uzrunvelyofs programis ganxorcielebas • ver uzrunvelyofs programis Catarebas 13. biblioTeka • uzrunvelyofs programis/kvlevis ganxorcielebas • ver uzrunvelyofs programis/kvlevis ganxorcielebas 14. swavlis gagrZelebis saSualeba • miTiTebulia sworad • sworad miTiTebuli ar aris • saerTod ar aris miTiTebuli 15. programaze miRebis winapirobebi • winapirobebi Seesabameba programis miznebs • winapirobebi ar Seesabameba programis miznebs 16. daskvna • programas eZleva dadebiTi rekomendacia

• • •

programas eZleva dadebiTi rekomendacia, magram momavalSi sasurvelia programis Semdgomi srulyofa (konkretuli ganmartebebi) programas eZleva dadebiTi rekomendacia garkveuli SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebis Semdeg (konkretuli SeniSvnebi da maTi gaTvaliswinebis vada) programas ar eZleva rekomendacia (dasabuTebuli pasuxi)

3.3.5. saganmanaTleblo programebis Sefaseba rogorc es mimoxilvis procesSi gamoikveTa, saganmanaTleblo programebis didi nawili kvalificiurad aris Sedgenili da ar vlindeba moqmed kanonmdeblobasTan maTi SeuTavsebloba. aqedan gamomdinare, kvlevas problemebis sixSire ar warmouCenia. amitom gTavazobT calkeul problemebs:

saxelmwifo universitetebi calkeuli problemebi: • saganmanaTleblo programis Sedegebi ar aris mkafiod Camoyalibebuli da ikveTeba miznebTan misi Sesabamisobis problema. • programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba moTxovnebs. • biblioTekasTan dakavSirebiT zogadad weria, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S. • programaSi vxvdebiT arCeviTi sagnebis simcires. • kreditebis gadanawilebis sistema Seusabamoa. • programa Zalian zogadi teqstebiT aris dawerili, konkretuli faqtebisa da argumentebis gareSe. • misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad ar aris miTiTebuli.

kerZo universitetebi calkeuli problemebi: • misaniWebeli akademiuri xarisxi inglisurad saerTod ar aris miTiTebuli. • dasaqmebis sferoebi ar aris miTiTebuli. • saswavlo kursebze kreditebis gadanawileba ar ikveTeba. • programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba moTxovnebs. • biblioTekasTan dakavSirebiT zogadad weria, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom praqtikul doneze ZiriTad problemebs vxvdebiT saswavlo kursis programebSi, romelTa dadgenil normebTan Seusabamobasac sistematuri xasiaTi aqvs rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo universitetebSi, xolo saganmanaTleblo programebi kvalificiur donezea momzadebuli.

4. Tvisebrivi kvleva umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis ucxouri praqtikis, aseve qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis mimoxilvis safuZvelze, ganxorcielda Tvisebrivi kvlevis sawarmoeblad aucilebeli Teoriuli masalis damuSaveba da informaciis Segroveba, ris mixedviTac ganisazRvra sadiskusio sakiTxebi fokus-jgufebisTvis. Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTad mizans, garda damsaqmebelTa moTxovnis Seswavlisa, warmoadgenda raodenobrivi kvlevis kiTxvarisTvis iuridiuli ganaTlebis ganmsazRvreli gazomvadi cvladebis determinacia. 4.1. Tvisebrivi kvlevis gzamkvlevi damuSavebuli Teoriuli masalis safuZvelze, momzadda gzamkvlevi, romelic moicavda Semdeg ZiriTad kiTxvebs: 1. eweva Tu ara Tqveni organizacia iuridiul momsaxurebas, Tu mxolod sargeblobs iuristis momsaxurebiT? 2. Tqveni azriT, ra kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes iuridiuli ganaTleba, rom mas xarisxiani vuwodoT. xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis romel gazomvad indikatorebs gamoyofdiT (ra kompetenciebi unda hqondes iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebuls _ bakalavrs/magistrs). 3. gTxovT SeafasoT sauniversiteto iuridiuli ganaTlebis produqti _ kursdamTavrebulebi, romlebic dasaqmebisaTvis konkurenciaSi erTvebian Sromis bazarze; ra dadebiT da uaryofiT niSnebs gamoyofdiT maT kvalifikaciaSi? raSi arian Zlierebi da uWirT yvelaze metad? 4. rogor migaCniaT, unda hqondes Tu ara universitetebs mWidro urTierTobebi potenciur damsaqmeblebTan, dResdReobiT ra viTarebaa am kuTxiT saqarTveloSi (zogadi Sefaseba). 5. rogor SeafasebT „iuridiul klinikas“? ramdenad efeqturia igi profesiuli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT? asrulebs Tu ara Tqveni organizacia „iuridiuli klinikis“ rols romelime umaRlesi saswavleblisTvis? Tqveni azriT, „iuridiuli klinika“ unda arsebobdes universitetebis bazaze Tu universitetebis gareT? 6. Tqvens organizacias hqonia/aqvs Tu ara erToblivi proeqtebi universitetebTan/ iuridiul fakultetebTan? (Tu diax) moiyvaneT magaliTebi, aRwereT, ramdenad efeqturi iyo/aris aRniSnuli TanamSromloba da miuTiTeT samomavlo perspeqtivis Sesaxeb. 7. ra tipis moTxovnebs uyenebs dResdReobiT Sromis bazari iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs? 8. ramdenad Seesabameba saqarTveloSi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi adgilobrivi bazris moTxovnebs? saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs? 9. rogor SeafasebT iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone dasaqmebis msurvelTa nakads Tqveni organizaciis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare? warmoadgens Tu ara sirTules profesionali iuristis moZieba? 10. SegiZliaT Tu ara TqvaT, rom dasaqmebis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia romelime universitet(eb)is iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulTa Soris da/an im pirTa Soris, romlebmac ganaTleba sazRvargareT miiRes? gTxovT, daasabuToT da daasaxeloT magaliTebi.

11. ra etapebi unda gaiaros iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirma, Tqvens organizaciaSi rom dasaqmdes? hyavs Tu ara Tqvens organizacias staJiori iuristebi? 12. ramdenad aqvT Tqvens organizaciaSi dasaqmebul iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebs profesiuli ganviTarebis da karieruli zrdis SesaZlebloba? konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es? aris Tu ara kvalificiuri iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis gadinebis safrTxe Tqveni tipis organizaciebidan? 13. arsebobs midgoma, romlis Tanaxmadac, ar aris aucilebeli, iuridiuli fakultetis studentma specializacia romelime mimarTulebiT miiRos universitetSi. universitetSi is unda Camoyalibdes zogadi profilis iuristad da ama Tu im mimarTulebiT daspecializdes organizaciaSi muSaobis procesSi, mis mier yvelaze xSirad ganxiluli qeisebis Sesabamisad. ramdenad eTanxmebiT am mosazrebas da aZlevs Tu ara Tqveni organizacia specializaciis SesaZleblobas iurists? 14. Tqvenze rom iyos damokidebuli, ra saxis cvlilebebs SeitandiT iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi saqarTveloSi (xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT)? (mag: interaqtiuli praqtikuli savarjiSoebis intensiuri gamoyeneba leqciebze, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis analizis dawera, kazusebis amoxsnis praqtika da a.S.). 15. dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi rogor xdeba iuristebis e.w. profesiaSi miReba da rogor unda xdebodes? (belgiis magaliTi: advokatis profesia _ pirs, romelsac aqvs magistris diplomi, samwliani staJireba unda gaiaros advokatTan, romelic 5 welze metia advokatTa siis wevri. staJirebis ganmavlobaSi: 1. staJiorma unda iaros saadvokato biuroSi da daeswros misi xelmZRvanelis procesebs; 2. monawileoba miiRos socialurad daucvelTaTvis iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevaSi; 3. daeswros advokatTa profesiis sertificirebis biuros mier organizebul seminarebs da konferenciebs, aseve, sasamarTloSi gamosvlis savarjiSoebs; 4. warmarTos minimum 15 sasamarTlo procedura (sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvidan mis dasrulebamde), an siRrmiseuli monawileoba miiRos 30 saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis momzadebaSi; 5. samwliani staJirebis dasrulebis Semdeg, staJiorma unda Caabaros advokatTa profesiis sertificirebis biuros mier organizebuli gamocda. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli gzamkvlevi axdenda diskusiisTvis mimarTulebis micemas, Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom jgufuri ganxilva cocxali procesia, xdeboda kvlevis miznebze orientirebuli damatebiTi kiTxvebis dasma.

4.2. xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi raodenobrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi 4.2.1. zogadi ganwyobebi oTxive samizne jgufis respondentebis (bakalavrebi, magistrantebi, doqtorantebi, profesor-maswavleblebi) gamokveTili umravlesobis (70%-ze meti) azriT, saqarTveloSi mwvave problemas warmoadgens xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miReba (ix. diagrama #1): diagrama #1

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 4 qulian skalaze, sadac qula 1 aRniSnavs „saerTod ar aris problema“, xolo qula 4 - „Zalze mwvave problemaa“. monacemebi 2.5-is zemoT qmnis problemis simwvavis vels. raodenobrivi kvlevis Sedegebis analizisas iqmneba erTgvari uCveulo suraTi, radgan gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze saubrisas, mas afasebs, rogorc “mwvave” problemas. imavdroulad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis calkeuli komponentebis Sefaseba ufro metad dadebiTia, vidre uaryofiTi. Tumca, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ukmayofiloTa nawils, romelic SedarebiT mcirea, magram - gasaTvaliswinebeli. magaliTad: Tu 10 studentidan 4 studentia ukmayofilo da 6 kmayofili, umravlesoba kmayofili gamodis, Tumca, SesaZloa, 4 studentis azri Tavisi ~woniT~ ufro mniSvnelovania, Tu saqme karg da motivirebul studentebTan gvaqvs,

romlebic viTarebas ufro kritikulad uyureben. saSualo monacemebi asaxavs zogad tendencias, romelSic umravlesobis azrs upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, Tumca, Cven aqcenti unda davsvaT ara mxolod zogad tendenciaze, aramed uaryofiTad ganwyobilTa kritikul raodenobazec. imavdroulad, amgvari Sedegi SesaZloa asaxavdes studentebis gulgril damokidebulebas saswavlo procesis mimarT da kritikuli masis naklebobas, rac, Tavisi arsiT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani problemaa saqarTvelos iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi. respondentebi (yvela jgufSi) dadebiTad afaseben iuridiuli profilis mqone TiTqmis yvela kategoriis specialistis (mosamarTleebi, advokatebi, prokurorebi/ gamomZieblebi, notariusebi, iuriskonsultebi) kvalifikacias. erTaderTi gamonaklisia gamomZieblebi/prokurorebi, romelTa kvalifikacia uaryofiTad fasdeba profesor-maswavleblebis jgufSi. kvalifikaciis pozitiuri Sefasebis velSi yvelaze metad dawinaurebulni arian notariusebi da mosamarTleebi, xolo SedarebiT naklebad iuriskonsultebi da advokatebi (ix. diagrama #2): diagrama #2

iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebidan, uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi xvdeba zogadad regionuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi (rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo). oTxive kategoriis respondentTa dadebiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs yvela sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba - gansakuTrebiT, iusticiis umaRlesi skola. Tumca, pozitiuri damokidebulebebi narCundeba sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mimarT Semdegi prioritetulobiT: saqarTvelos iusticiis saswavlo centri, saias iuridiuli swavlebisa da informaciis centri, TbilisSi arsebuli saxelmwifo da kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebi. amave dros, aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa mniSvnelovan raodenobas (15-35%) sxvadasxva jgufebSi gauWirda sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Sefaseba (iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT), umaRlesi saswavleblebis (universitetebis) garda. saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom TbilisSi arsebuli kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis mimarT dadebiTi Sefaseba ufro mZafria kerZo universitetebis yvela samizne jgufis respondentebs Soris, saxelmwifo universitetebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT. 4.2.2. sauniversiteto ganaTlebis xarisxi

saswavlo programebi iuridiul fakultetebze arsebuli saswavlo programebi samive (bakalavriatis, magistraturis da doqtoranturis) doneze, yvela samizne jgufSi, dadebiTad fasdeba rogorc zogadad, ise programis calkeuli komponentebis mixedviT. yvela komponentis Sefasebis saSualo maCvenebeli (Mean), Sefasebis 5 qulian skalaze, neitralur punqtze (Mean = 3) maRalia da xSir SemTxvevaSi 4 qulasac aWarbebs. gamokveTilad pozitiuri Sefaseba, yvela samizne jgufSi da yvela donis saswavlo programasTan mimarTebaSi, wilad xvda or komponents: profesorTa kvalifikacias da saswavlo programaSi savaldebulo sagnebis raodenobas. SedarebiT kritikuli damokidebuleba respondentebma, yvela saswavlo programasTan mimarTebaSi, gamoamJRavnes iseTi komponentebis mimarT, rogoricaa teqnikuri saSualebebiT (proeqtori, kompiuteri, printeri da sxv.) da Tanamedrove saswavlo masalebiT uzrunvelyofa. magistrantebis da doqtorantebis jgufebSi kritika Seexo programis kvleviT komponentsac, xolo doqtorantebma da profesor-maswavleblebma miuTiTes sadoqtoro programaSi qarTul enaze saswavlo masalebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis Sesaxeb (ix. diagramebi ##3-6):

diagrama #3

diagrama #4

diagrama #5

diagrama #6

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 5 qulian skalaze, sadac 1 aRniSnavs „Zalze uaryofiT Sefasebas“, xolo 5 - „Zalze dadebiT Sefasebas“. skalis neitraluri punqtia 3. monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze naklebia, Seesabameba dabali Sefasebis vels, xolo monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze metia, maRali Sefasebis vels. saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom yvela donis saswavlo programasTan mimarTebaSi praqtikulad yvela komponents gacilebiT dadebiTad afaseben kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebi, saxelmwifo umaRles saswavleblebSi gamokiTxulebTan SedarebiT (saSualo maCveneblebi, rogorc wesi, moqceulia 4 da 5 qulebs Soris kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebs Soris). TviT iseT komponentTan mimarTebaSic ki, rogoricaa teqnikuri saSualebebi (proeqtori, kompiuteri, printeri da sxv.), romlebic SedarebiT kritikulad fasdeba samizne jgufebis saerTo SerCevaSi, kerZo universitetebis warmomadgenlebSi calsaxad dadebiTadaa Sefasebuli. profesor-maswavlebelTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (70%-ze meti) adasturebs sabakalavro da samagistro programebSi iuridiuli praqtikis/klinikis komponentis arsebobas; meore mxriv, doqtorantTa 60% miuTiTebs doqtorantebis programaSi praqtikis/klinikis arsebobis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRmoCnda, iuridiuli praqtikis/ klinikis gasavlelad bakalavrebisTvis da magistrantebisTvis yvelaze gavrcelebuli adgilebia Tavad universitetebSi arsebuli iuridiuli klinikebi, sasamarTloebi, saadvokato organizaciebi da organizaciebi, romlebsac iuridiuli samsaxuri gaaCnia. doqtorantebisaTvis iuridiuli praqtikis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa universitetSi leqtorad/leqtoris TanaSemwed muSaoba. praqtikis adgilebSi samizne jgufebSi, ZiriTadad, dadebiTad aris Sefasebuli.

samarTlis saganmanaTleblo programis dargobrivi maxasiaTebliT gansazRvruli swavlis Sedegebis mniSvnelovneba da realizacia yvela samizne jgufSi Zalze maRal mniSvnelobas aniWeben sabakalavro da samagistro programebis swavlis Sedegebs, romlebsac gansazRvravs ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier damtkicebuli samarTlis saganmanaTleblo programis dargobrivi maxasiaTebeli. saSualo mniSvnelobebi (Mean), praqtikulad yvela SedegTan mimarTebaSi, dadebiT Sefasebis maqsimalur zRvarTan (5 qulian skalaze) axlosaa (meryeobs 4.5-4.8 qulebis farglebSi). rac Seexeba swavlis Sedegebis realizacias moqmedi sabakalavro da samagistro programebis farglebSi, aq dadebiTi maCveneblebis koeficienti iklebs (Tumca, rCeba dadebiTi Sefasebis velSi). SedarebiT kritikulad respondentebi afaseben Semdegi Sedegebis realizacias sabakalavro programaSi: a) „aqvs informaciis mSobliur da ucxour enebze moZiebis da iuridiuli terminologiis gamoyenebiT zepiri da werilobiT formiT gadacemis unari“; b) „SeuZlia iuridiuli Sinaarsis dokumentebis (normatiuli aqtis proeqtis, xelSekrulebis, saCivris, sarCelis da a.S.) Sedgena“; g) „aqvs samarTlebrivi problemis mravalmxrivi xedvisa da analizis safuZvelze misi gadawyvetis Tezisis ganviTarebisa da SerCeuli midgomis dasabuTebis unari“. samagistro programaSi met-naklebad kritikuli Sefasebebi ukavSirdeba Semdegi Sedegebis realizacias: a) „SeuZlia werilobiTi da zepiri formiT mSobliur da ucxour enebze gadasces sakuTari samarTlebrivi daskvnebi da argumentebi“ da b) „mxareTa interesebis samarTlianad dabalansebis uzrunvel-

sayofad aanalizebs arsebul samarTlebriv Rirebulebebs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, wvlili Seaqvs axali Rirebulebebis formirebaSi“. studentebi, profesor-maswavleblebTan SedarebiT, ufro kritikulad afaseben bakalavriatsa da magistraturaSi swavlis Sedegebis realizaciis uzrunvelyofas. kvlevis Sedegebi (saSualo maCveneblebi/Mean)23 detalurad mocemulia cxrilebSi ##1,2: cxrili #1

1 aqvs erovnuli samarTlis sistemis ZiriTadi Tav- 4.7 4.7 4.7 iseburebebis, principebisa da institutebis farTo, xolo sajaro, kerZo, sisxlis an saerTaSoriso samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna 2 gacnobierebuli aqvs samarTlis arsi da samarTlis 4.7 4.7 4.7 fundamenturi principebis mniSvneloba samarTlebrivi sistemis formirebisaTvis

ofesormaswavleblebi

doqtorantebi

magistrantebi

bakalavrebi

profesormaswavleblebi

doqtorantebi

magistrantebi

ramdenad ramdenad mniSvnelovania uzrunvelyofs (Mean) (Mean) bakalavrebi

bakalavriatis saganmanaTleblo programis swavlis Sedegebi

4.8

4.0 3.9 4.0

4.5

4.8

4.1 4.0 4.1

4.5

3 icis ganmartebis (kanonis) meTodebi

4.7 4.8 4.8

4.7

4.1 3.9 4.1

4.5

4 icis saxelmwifo mowyobisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sakiTxebi

4.6 4.6 4.5

4.7

4.0 3.9 4.0

4.5

5 icis adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi 4.9 4.8 4.8

4.8

4.4 4.1 4.2

4.6

4.6 4.5 4.5

4.6

4.1 3.8 4.0

4.4

4.8 4.7 4.6

4.7

4.3 4.1 4.2

4.6

4.6 4.6 4.6

4.7

4.1 3.9 4.1

4.5

4.7 4.6 4.7

4.8

4.1 3.8 4.2

4.5

4.8 4.7 4.8

4.8

4.3 4.0 4.3

4.6

4.7 4.7 4.6

4.7

4.1 3.9 4.1

4.4

4.3 4.4 4.4

4.5

4.0 3.9 4.2

4.3

6 icis saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi 7 icis saxelSekrulebo da kanonismieri valdebulebiTi urTierTobebi 8 icis qonebrivi samarTali 9 kursdamTavrebulma icis administraciuli samarTlis arsi da principebi 10 icis danaSaulis arsi, saxeebi da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Taviseburebebi 11 icis samoqalaqo, administraciuli da sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba 12 icis qarTuli samarTlis istoriuli wyaroebi

23 შეფასებები გაკეთდა 5 ქულიან სკალაზე, სადაც 1 აღნიშნავს „ძალზე უარყოფით შეფასებას“, ხოლო 5 – „ძალზე დადებით შეფასებას“. სკალის ნეიტრალური პუნქტია 3. მონაცემები, რომლებიც 3-ზე ნაკლებია, შეესაბამება დაბალი შეფასების ველს, ხოლო მონაცემები, რომლებიც 3-ზე მეტია, მაღალი შეფასების ველს.

13 aqvs samarTlebrivi problemebis identificirebis, maTi gadawyvetisaTvis normatiuli safuZvlebis moZiebis, ganmartebisa da gamoyenebis unari

4.7 4.8 4.7

4.7

3.9 3.9 3.9

4.3

14 SeuZlia iuridiuli Sinaarsis dokumentebis (normatiuli aqtis proeqtis, xelSekrulebis, saCivris, sarCelis da a.S.) Sedgena

4.8 4.8 4.6

4.7

3.8 3.7 3.8

4.3

15 aqvs samarTlebrivi problemis mravalmxrivi xedvisa da analizis safuZvelze misi gadawyvetis Tezisis ganviTarebisa da SerCeuli midgomis dasabuTebis unari 16 aqvs informaciis mSobliur da ucxour enebze moZiebis da iuridiuli terminologiis gamoyenebiT zepiri da werilobiT formiT gadacemis unari 17 aqvs sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis, sasamarTlo praqtikis, mecnierebis siaxleebis midevnebisa da codnis mudmivad ganaxlebis unari

4.7 4.7 4.7

4.7

3.8 3.7 3.9

4.2

4.6 4.7 4.7

4.6

3.6 3.7 3.9

4.1

4.7 4.7 4.8

4.6

3.8 3.8 4.0

4.2

4.7 4.7 4.6

4.7

3.9 3.7 3.8

4.3

18 icnobs iuristis saqmianobis eTikis farglebs. mowodebulia, xeli Seuwyos individTa uflebebis ganxorcielebas da imoqmedos samarTlianobis, adamianis uflebebis, socialuri da demokratiuli faseulobebis gaTvaliswinebiT

cxrili #2

1 aqvs swavlebis sferos Rrma da sistemuri codna, rac aZlevs dasmuli kompleqsuri problemebis gadawyvetis axleburi xedvis formirebis SesaZleblobas. gacnobierebuli aqvs Sesabamisi sferosaTvis mikuTvnebuli sakiTxebis gadaWris gzebi 2 ganmartebis meTodebis gamoyenebiT SeuZlia samarTlebrivi problemebis kompleqsuri Sefaseba da problemebis gadawyvetis originaluri gzebis SemuSaveba 3 axleburi sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebis, sasamarTlo praqtikisa an mecnieruli midgomebis pirobebSi SeuZlia cvlilebis analizi da gamomdinare daskvnis Camoyalibeba 4 SeuZlia akademiur da profesiul sazogadoebas werilobiTi da zepiri formiT mSobliur da ucxour enebze gadasces sakuTari samarTlebrivi daskvnebi da argumentebi 5 SeuZlia damoukideblad gansazRvros Teoriuli komponentebisa da praqtikuli gamocdilebis sinTezi, gaifarToos codna Sesabamisi sferos uaxles meTodebze dayrdnobiT, pirveladi wyaroebis, samecniero statiebisa da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis ganzogadebuli analizis meSveobiT 6 mxareTa interesebis samarTlianad dabalansebis uzrunvelsayofad aanalizebs arsebul samarTlebriv Rirebulebebs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, wvlili Seaqvs axali Rirebulebebis formirebaSi

ofesormaswavleblebi

doqtorantebi

magistrantebi

profesormaswavleblebi

doqtorantebi

ramdenad ramdenad mniSvnelovania uzrunvelyofs (Mean) (Mean) magistrantebi

magistraturis saganmanaTleblo programis swavlis Sedegebi

4.7

4.8

4.0

4.5

4.7

4.8

3.9

4.0

4.4

4.7

4.8

4.0

4.5

4.7

4.6

4.7

3.7

4.0

4.2

4.7

4.8

3.9

4.1

4.4

4.6

4.5

4.7

3.8

3.9

4.3

saswavlo programebis sxvadasxva komponenti kvlevam gamoavlina, rom iuridiuli fakultetebis saswavlo programebs Cavardna aqvs ucxo enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac ar aZlevs studentebs SesaZleblobas, waikiTxon ucxoenovani saswavlo masala, ganacxadi gaakeTon ucxoeTis programebSi monawileobaze da a.S. uaryofiTadaa Sefasebuli, agreTve, is, rom ucxoeli profesorebi ar iReben monawileobas saswavlo programebis ganxorcielebaSi. gamokiTxuli magistrantebidan yoveli mesame ar eTanxmeba imas, rom samagistro programa sTavazobs studentebs Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvavebul) kursebs, sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT. gamokiTxul bakalavrTa meoTxedi fiqrobs, rom saswavlo programa ar iZleva saSualebas, studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia da rom sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba ar eqceva. respondentebis erTmniSvnelovani poziciaa, rom saswavlo programebis ganxorcielebaSi aRmofxvrilia korufcia da proteqcia. yvelaze naklebad, ama Tu im niSniT, saswavlo programebs profesor-maswavleblebi akritikeben. detalurad Sedegebi ixileT cxrilSi #3: cxrili #3 debulebebi

1 samagistro programa sTavazobs studentebs Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvavebul) kursebs, sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT 2 saswavlo programa saSualebas iZleva, rom studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia (an specialuri modulebis/koncentraciebis, an arCeviTi sagnebis SerCevis safuZvelze) 3 doqtoranturaSi kargi pirobebia imisTvis, rom dagegmo da Caataro kvleva da vadebSi daicva sadoqtoro disertacia 4 ucxo enis swavleba iseT donezea, rom saSualebas aZlevs students waikiTxos ucxoenovani saswavlo masala, ganacxadi gaakeTos ucxoeTis programebSi monawileobaze da a.S. 5 saswavlo programis ganxorcielebaSi aqtiurad monawileoben praqtikosi iuristebi, romlebic leqciebze praqtikul SemTxvevebs (â&#x20AC;&#x17E;qeisebsâ&#x20AC;&#x153;) aanalizeben 6 sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba eqceva

bakalavrebi (Mean)

magistran- doqtoran- profesortebi tebi maswav(Mean) (Mean) leblebi (Mean)

3.3

3.8

4.1

3.4

3.8

3.7

4.2

3.8

4.1

2.2

2.5

3.0

3.4

3.7

3.8

4.2

4.4

3.1

3.7

3.8

3.9

7 samagistro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba eqceva 8 saswavlo programebis ganxorcielebaSi monawileoben ucxoeli profesorebi 9 saswavlo kursebSi studentis Sesafaseblad qulebi obieqturad iwereba 10 saswavlo programis ganxorcielebis procesSi aRmofxvrilia proteqcia 11 saswavlo programis ganxorcielebis procesSi aRmofxvrilia korufcia

4.1

4.0

4.4

2.4

2.9

3.2

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.5

4.0

4.1

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.7

saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom saxelmwifo universitetebis warmomadgenlebi gacilebiT kritikul damokidebulebas amJRavneben saswavlo programebis ama Tu im niSniT daxasiaTebisas, kerZo universitetebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT. kerZo universitetebSi gamokiTxulTa dadebiTi damokidebuleba TviT iseT maxasiaTeblebTan mimarTebaSic ki ikveTeba, romlebsac saerTo SerCevaSi SedarebiT dabali maCveneblebi aqvT (kerZod, es exeba ucxo enebis swavlebis dones, ucxoeli profesorebis monawileobas saswavlo programebSi, sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebis dones da sxv.). iuridiuli fakultetebis saswavlo programebSi studentTa Sefasebis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli formaa seminarze aqtiuroba. gamoyenebis kargi maCveneblebi aqvs, agreTve, testirebas, rogorc Sualeduri an saboloo gamocdis formas. yvelaze naklebad saswavlo programebSi iyeneben zepir prezentacias, rogorc saboloo an Sualeduri gamocdis formas. iSviaTad gamoiyeneba, agreTve, esse/angariSi/ referati (saboloo an Sualeduri gamocdis saxiT). saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis WrilSi monacemebis ganxilva aCvenebs, rom kerZo universitetebi ufro xSirad iyeneben (saxelmwifo universitetebTan SedarebiT) Sefasebis iseT formebs, rogoricaa qvizebi, aseve, esse/angariSi/referati. iuridiuli fakultetebis didi nawili sxvadasxva universitetSi mimarTavs yoveli semestris bolo studentebis gamokiTxvas saswavlo programis kursebis Sefasebis da studentebis ukugebis miRebis mizniT (amas, magaliTad, gamokiTxuli profesor-maswavleblebis 55% adasturebs). 4.2.3. bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurze miRebuli codnis Sefaseba da profesiaSi â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Sesvlisâ&#x20AC;&#x153; moTxovnebi oTxive samizne jgufis gamokveTil (zogjer - did) umravlesobas miaCnia, rom universitetebSi miRebuli sabakalavro ganaTleba sakmarisia advokatebis sakvalifikacio, agreTve, magistraturis gamocdebis Casabareblad. damatebiT, magistrantebs, doqtorantebsa da profesor-maswavleblebs sabakalavro ganaTleba sakmarisad miaCniaT notariusis gamocdebis Casabareblad da kvalificiur iuristad samuSaod ama Tu im dawesebulebaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze frTxilebi (TviTkritikulebi) Tavad bakalavriatis studentebi aRmoCndnen: maTi poziciebi gaiyo imasTan dakavSirebiT, ramdenad sakmarisia bakalavriatSi miRebuli ganaTleba notariusis gamocdebis Casab-

areblad da dawesebulebaSi kvalificiur iuristad samuSaod. (magaliTad, gamokiTxuli bakalavri studentebis 45.5% Tvlis, rom maTi ganaTleba sakmarisia organizaciaSi kvalificiur iuristad dasaqmebisTvis, xolo praqtikulad amdenive nawili miiCnevs, rom ar aris sakmarisi) (ix. diagrama #7): diagrama #7

ufro optimisturia magistraturis safexurze miRebuli codnis Sefaseba: magistrantebis, doqtorantebisa da profesor-maswavleblebis umravlesoba (62-82%-is farglebSi) miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli codna sakmarisia: iusticiis umaRlesi skolis, prokuroris, advokatebisa da notariusis gamocdebis Casabareblad, aseve _ romelime dawesebulebaSi kvalificiuri iuristobisTvis. oTxive samizne jgufis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom mxolod magistraturis kursdamTavrebulebs unda mieniWoT Semdegi sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebis ufleba: ď&#x192;ź mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocda; ď&#x192;ź advokatis sakvalifikacio gamocda. prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdasTan mimarTebiT bakalavriatis studentebis mosazrebebi gansxvavdeba sxva samizne jgufebis xedvisgan. magistrantebis, doqtorantebisa da profesor-maswavleblebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebis ufleba mxolod magistraturis kursdamTavrebulebs unda mieniWoT. xolo, bakalavriatis studentebis azri gayofilia - erTi nawili (47.6%) miiCnevs, rom rogorc magistraturis, ise bakalavriatis kursdamTavrebulebs unda hqondeT prokuroris gamocdis Cabarebis ufleba, xolo meore nawili (48.4%) fiqrobs, rom es mxolod magistrebis prerogativa SeiZleba iyos. notariusis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebis uflebis miniWebis mimarT doqto-

rantebis damokidebuleba gansxvavdeba sxva samizne jgufebis xedvisgan. yoveli meore gamokiTxuli doqtoranti miiCnevs, rom notariusis gamocdis Cabarebis ufleba mxolod magistrebs unda mieniWoT. sxva samizne jgufebis umravlesoba ki miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli ufleba bakalavrebsac unda mieniWoT (ix. diagrama #8): diagrama #8

4.2.4. sakvalifikacio gamocdebis mimarT damokidebuleba mocemul SemTxvevaSi, damokidebulebebi gaizoma sakvalifikacio gamocdebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva SefasebiTi debulebebis mimarT daTanxmebis xarisxis mixedviT 5 qulian skalaze (qula 1: `sruliad ar veTanxmebi“, qula 5: „sruliad veTanxmebi“). mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocdebTan mimarTebaSi oTxive samizne jgufSi maRali Sefasebis velSi eqceva (Mean q 4-ze) sakvalifikacio gamocdis testebis kvalificiurad Sedgenisa da testirebis procesis proteqciisgan daculobis sakiTxi; respondentTa umravlesoba arc im mosazrebebs eTanxmeba, rom irRveva testebis konfidencialuroba da rom testirebis procesis menejmenti seriozul xarvezebs Seicavs. yvelaze ufro ambivalenturi aRmoCnda samizne jgufebis damokidebuleba imasTan dakavSirebiT, axdens Tu ara mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis testebi aplikantis kvalifikaciis adekvatur Sefasebas (profesor-maswavlebelTa da bakalavrTa jgufebSi am mosazrebis saSualo maCvenebeli axlosaa qula 3-Tan). prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdebis sistemis mimarT damokidebulebebi msgavsia, Tumca ramdenadme ufro kritikulia (mosamarTlis sakvalifikacio gamocdebTan SedarebiT) profesor-maswavlebelTa da doqtorantTa jgufebSi maSin, rodesac saqme testebis kvalificiurobas exeba. oTxive samizne jgufSi kvlav maRali Sefaseba eZleva (Mean q 4-ze) testebis proteqciisgan daculobas; aseve, kvlav „marginalurad“ gamoi-

yureba (profesor-maswavlebelTa da bakalavriatis studentTa jgufebSi) sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, axdens Tu ara es testebi aplikantis kvalifikaciis adekvatur Sefasebas. advokatis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis mimarT damokidebulebebi kidev ufro kritikulia: testebis kvalificiurobas maRal Sefasebas (Mean q 4-ze) mxolod bakalavriatis studentebi aZleven; samizne jgufebSi kritikuli Sefasebebi matulobs imasTan dakavSirebiTac, Tu ramdenad adekvaturad zomavs es testebi aplikantis kvalifikacias, ramdenad uxarvezoa testirebis menejmentis procesi da sxv. Tumca, kvlav maRali Sefasebis velSi eqceva testebis proteqciisgan daculobis sakiTxi (Mean q 4-ze) . notariusis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis mimarT damokidebuleba imeorebs ZiriTad tendenciebs: aRiarebulia am procesis proteqciisgan Tavisufleba yvela jgufSi; ambivalenturi Sefasebebi maSin, rodesac saqme exeba am testebiT aplikantis kvalifikaciis adekvatur Sefasebas exeba da a.S. 4.2.5. profesiaSi „darCena“ da sasurveli kariera gamokiTxuli bakalavriatisa da magistrantebis didi umravlesoba (87%), xolo doqtorantebis gamokveTili umravlesoba (71.2%) acxadebs, rom maT surT, gayvnen iuristis profesias („darCnen“ profesiaSi). im respondentebis xvedriTi wili, romlebsac iuristis profesiaSi „darCenis“ survili ar aqvT, yvelaze maRalia bakalavriatis studentebs Soris (5%), Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom doqtorantebs Soris yvelaze maRalia im adamianTa xvedriTi wili (25%), romlebsac pasuxis gacema uWirT kiTxvaze, surT Tu ara gayvnen iuristis profesias. es procentuli maCvenebeli bakalavrebs Soris 1.4%ds, xolo magistrantebs Soris 3.4%ds Seadgens (doqtorantebis aseTi TavSekaveba imiT unda aixsnas, rom maTTvis relevanturia samecniero da akademiuri karierac) (ix. diagrama #9): diagrama #9

bakalavriatis studentebSi yvelaze ufro sasurveli mimarTuleba iuristis profesiaSi â&#x20AC;&#x17E;dasarCenadâ&#x20AC;&#x153; advokatoba da prokuroroba/gamomZieblobaa; magistrantebisTvis - advokatoba, xolo doqtorantebisTvis - mkvlevaris (mecnier-analitikosis) kariera. Tumca, doqtorantebis jgufSi, sxva samizne jgufebTan SedarebiT, maRalia, agreTve, mosamarTled gaxdomis survili (22.2%) (ix. diagrama #10): diagrama #10

4.2.6. studentTa mobiloba gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom Sida mobilobis survili studentebSi praqtikulad nuls utoldeba. bakalavriatis studentebis mxolod 0.9%-s surs im umaRlesi saswavleblis sxva fakultetze gadasvla, romelSic amJamad swavloben. magistrantebsa da doqtorantebs Soris aravinaa iseTi, vinc isurvebda maTive umaRlesi saswavleblis sxva fakultetze gadasvlas. studentTa gare mobilobis maCveneblebic sakmaod dabalia: bakalavriatis studentTa did umravlesobas (87%) sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiul fakultetze gadasvlis survili ar aqvs. maTive umaRles saswavlebelSi darCenis ganwyoba narCundeba, agreTve, magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis umravlesobaSi. sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiul fakultetze gadasvlis survili aqvs bakalavriatis studentebis 9%-s da magistrantebis mxolod 6%-s. doqtorantebs Soris aravinaa iseTi, visac sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiul fakultetze gadasvla surs. sxva umaRles saswavlebelSi araiuridiul fakultetze gadasvlis mosurneTa ricxvi kidev ufro mcirea da bakalavriatis studentebsa da magistrantebs Soris erT procents ar aRemateba, xolo doqtorantebs Soris aseTi aravinaa (ix. diagrama #11):

diagrama #11

gare mobilobis (oRond iuridiuli specialobiT) mosurne studentebs, ZiriTadad, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiul fakultetze gadasvla surT. xolo is erTeuli studentebi, romlebic acxadeben, rom maTive umaRlesi saswavleblis sxva fakultetze surT gadasvla, ZiriTadad socialuri mecnierebebis fakultets irCeven. gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom bakalavriatisa da magistraturis studentebis garkveuli nawilis mobilobis (Sida an gare) survils, ZiriTadad, maTive universitetSi/fakultetze swavlebis dabali xarisxi ganapirobebs. iuridiuli specialobiT gare mobilobis msurveli bakalavriatis studentTa 62%-isa da magistrantTa 44%-is TqmiT, maT survils gadavidnen sxva universitetSi mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs is, rom iurisprudencias im universitetSi, sadac gadasvla surT, ukeTesad aswavlian. Sesabamisad, bakalavriatis am kategoriis studentTa umravlesoba (54%) da TiTqmis yvela magistranti acxadebs, rom maT survils gadavidnen sxva universitetSi/sxva fakultetze, ar ganapirobebs profesiis arasworad arCevis faqtori da sxva profesiis mimarT interesis gaCena. aseve, mobilobis survilis mqone bakalavriatis studentTa da magistrantTa gamokveTili umravlesobisTvis arc saswavlo programebis sirTule da ver daZleva, arc swavlis safasuris ver gadaxda da arc sxva qalaqSi saswavleblad gadasvla ar ganapirobebs mobilobis survils (ix. diagrama #12):

diagrama #12

bakalavriatis studentTa, magistrantTa da doqtorantTa gamokveTil umravlesobas survili aqvs swavla gaagrZelos ucxoeTis umaRles saswavlebelSi iuridiuli specialobiT. bakalavriatis studentebs Soris, danarCen or jgufTan SedarebiT, yvelaze maRalia, xolo doqtorantebs Soris - yvelaze dabalia im adamianTa xvedriTi wili, visac ucxoeTSi swavlis gagrZeleba surs (ix. diagrama #13):

diagrama #13

ZiriTadi mizezebi, romelTa gamoc studentebs swavlis ucxoeTis umaRles saswavleblebSi gagrZeleba surT, Semdegia: 1. ucxoeTSi ufro kvalificiuri iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis molodini; 2. ucxoeTis universitetis diplomiT dasaqmebis ukeTesi Sansebi saqarTveloSi; 3. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas SeZena iuridiuli praqtikis mimarTulebiT. rac Seexeba sazRvargareT swavlis gagrZelebis mcdelobas, es tendencia ufro Zlieria umaRlesi ganaTlebis magistraturis (mcdeloba hqonia 32%-s) da doqtoranturis safexurebze myof studentebs (27%), vidre bakalavriatis studentebs (13%) Soris. sxvadasxva donis studentebs Soris ucxoeTSi swavlis mcdelobebs Soris gansxvavebebi praqtikaSic aisaxa: erTi semestris ganmavlobaSi ucxoeTis umaRles saswavlebelSi bakalavriatis studentTa 15%-ma iswavla, magistrantTa 19%-ma da doqtorantTa 13%ma. erTi saswavlo weli bakalavriatis studentTa 2%-ma dayo ucxoeTis umaRles saswavleblebSi, magistrantTa 19%-ma da doqtorantTa 7%-ma. studentebi, romlebic ucxoeTis umaRles saswavleblebSi swavlobdnen, erTmniSvnelovnad dadebiTad afaseben rogorc saswavlo programas (kurikulums) mTlianobaSi, ise programis calkeul komponentebs (profesorTa momzadebis done, Tanamedrove saswavlo masalebi, pedagogTa da studentTa disciplina, kursebis Sesabamisoba silabusebTan, materialur-teqnikuri baza da sxv.)

4.2.7. dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi samizne jgufebi afasebdnen rogorc sxvadasxva xarisxis mqone iuristebis (bakalavrebi, magistrebi, doqtorantebi da doqtorebi), ise sxvadasxva profesiis iuristebis (mosamarTleebis, advokatebis, prokurorebis da notariusebis) sakvalifikacio gamocdebis CambarebelTa dasaqmebis Sansebs sxvadasxva poziciebisTvis da organizaciebisTvis. Sefasebis sistema am SemTxvevaSic 5 quliani iyo, sadac qulebi 1 da 2 aRniSnavda dasaqmebis dabal Sanss, qula 3 - saSualo Sanss, xolo qulebi 4 da 5 - maRal Sanss. yvela gamokiTxul samizne jgufSi miiCneven, rom bakalavris xarisxis mqone iuristis dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi SezRudulia (saSualo monacemebi 5 qulian skalaze arcerT gamokiTxul jgufSi ar aRwevs 4 an 5-s). rac Seexeba dasaqmebis adgilebs, yvelaze uimedod bakalavris dasaqmebis Sansebs uyureben saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi, agreTve, saxelmwifo/sajaro aRmasrulebel da sakanonmdeblo organizaciebSi. bakalavrebis dasaqmebis SedarebiT ukeTesi SesaZleblobebi, respondentTa azriT, adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebSia, romlebic moqalaqeebs iuridiul servisebs sTavazoben; agreTve, kerZo organizaciebSi. rac ufro izrdeba swavlebis safexuri (done) da miRebuli xarisxi, miT ufro matulobs samizne jgufebis dadebiTi damokidebuleba Sesabamisi safexuris kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb: magistrebs ukeTes Sansebs miaweren bakalavrebTan SedarebiT, doqtorantebs - magistrebTan da bakalavrebTan SedarebiT, xolo doqtorebs - bakalavrebTan, magistrebTan da doqtorantebTan SedarebiT. es exeba dasaqmebis Sansebs praqtikulad yvela organizaciaSi (saitSi). rac Seexeba im iuristebis dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebs, vinc mosamarTlis, prokuroris, advokatisa da notariusis sakvalifikacio gamocdebi Caabara, am SemTxvevaSi gamokiTxvis monacemebi dasaqmebis Sansebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadad maRali SesaZleblobebis velSi eqceva. sainteresoa, rom mosamarTled, prokurorad, advokatad da notariusad dasaqmebis maRal Sansebs respondentebi im specialistebs miaweren, visac Sesabamisi profesiis sakvalifikacio gamocdebi Cabarebuli aqvs. erTgvar gamonakliss warmoadgens profesor-maswavlebelTa samizne jgufi, sadac sasamarTloSi da prokuraturaSi dasaqmebis Sansebis (imaTi, visac Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdebi Cabarebuli aqvs) saSualo maCveneblebi 4 qulaze naklebia; amasTan, profesor-maswavleblebi miiCneven, rom mosamarTlis da prokuroris sakvalifikacio gamocdebis CambarebelTa dasaqmebis Sansebi ufro naklebia, vidre advokatad da notariusad dasaqmebis Sansebi maTTvis, visac Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdebi aqvs Cabarebuli rac Seexeba dasaqmebis sxva adgilebs (adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saxelmwifo aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo organizaciebi, kerZo struqturebi da sxv.), kvleva aCvenebs, rom ama Tu im iuridiuli specialobis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis CambarebelTa Sansebs respondentebi (oTxive samizne jgufSi) kvlav afaseben, rogorc ZiriTadad maRals (saSualo mCveneblebi 4 qula da meti). garkveul gamonakliss warmoadgens notariusis gamocdis CambarebelTa dasaqmebis Sansebis Sefaseba: am Sansebs ufro mokrZalebulad (saSualo monacemebi naklebia 4-ze) afaseben praqtikulad yvela jgufSi, dasaqmebis iseT saitebTan mimarTebiT, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saxelmwifo/sajaro sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli institutebi.

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilebSi ##4,5: cxrili #4 saSualo monacemebi (MEAN)

adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic moqalaqeebs iuridiul servisebs/ konsultaciebs sTavazoben

doqtori

doqtoranti

magistri

bakalavri

doqtori

doqtoranti

magistri

bakalavri

doqtori

doqtoranti

magistri

bakalavri

doqtori

doqtoranti

magistri

dasaqmebis adgilebi

bakalavri

profesorbakalavriatis magistrantebi doqtorantebi maswavleblebi studentebi

3.4 4.1 4.6 4.8 3.2 4.1 4.4 4.6 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.5 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.5

adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, 3.3 4.1 4.3 4.6 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.5 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.3 romlebic iuristis momsaxurebas iyeneben saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 2.8 3.7 4.4 4.6 2.7 3.6 4.2 4.4 2.8 3.7 4.3 4.5 3.0 3.7 4.2 4.4 organizaciebi saxelmwifo/sajaro mmarTvelobiTi (aRmasrulebeli) organoebi

2.8 3.8 4.2 4.5 2.9 3.8 4.0 4.3 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.3

saxelmwifo/sajaro sakanonmdeblo organoebi

2.5 3.4 4.4 4.6 2.5 3.5 4.2 4.4 2.7 3.6 4.3 4.5 3.1 3.6 4.2 4.3

adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi

3.1 4.1 4.5 4.7 2.8 4.0 4.3 4.4 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.5 4.1 4.4 4.5

kerZo organizaciebi

3.4 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.1 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.4

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi

3.1 4.6 4.7 3.8 3.0 4.4 4.6 3.8 3.2 4.3 4.6 3.8 3.4 4.3 4.5 3.9

bakalavriatis studentebi

4.2

3.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2

4.4

4.1 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.2

adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic iuristis momsaxurebas iyeneben

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi saxelmwifo/sajaro mmarTvelobiTi (aRmasrulebeli) organoebi saxelmwifo/sajaro sakanonmdeblo organoebi adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi kerZo organizaciebi

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi 4.3

4.2

4.3

4.1

adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic moqalaqeebs iuridiul servisebs/ konsultaciebs sTavazoben

advokati saxelmwifo seqtorSi (saxazino advokati) sanotaro biuroebi

prokuratura

sasamarTlo

dasaqmebis adgilebi

cxrili #5 saSualo (MEAN) magistrantebi doqtorantebi

profesormaswavleblebi

4.2

4.1

3.9

4.1

3.9

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.9

4.0

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.0

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

3.9

4.1

4.0

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.8

4.1

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.2

3.8

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.0

3.9

4.1

4.3

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.5

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.2

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.9

4.0

3.8

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

4.1

3.9

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.9

4.0

mosamarTlis gamocda Caabara prokuroris gamocda Caabara advokatis gamocda Caabara notariusis gamocda Caabara mosamarTlis gamocda Caabara prokuroris gamocda Caabara advokatis gamocda Caabara notariusis gamocda Caabara mosamarTlis gamocda Caabara prokuroris gamocda Caabara advokatis gamocda Caabara notariusis gamocda Caabara mosamarTlis gamocda Caabara prokuroris gamocda Caabara advokatis gamocda Caabara notariusis gamocda Caabara

SeniSvna: saSualo maCveneblebi daTvlilia 5 qulian skalaze, sadac 1 aRniSnavs „Zalze dabal Sansebs“, xolo 5 _ „Zalze maRal Sansebs“. skalis neitraluri punqtia 3. monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze naklebia, Seesabameba dabali Sansebis vels, xolo monacemebi, romlebic 3-ze metia, maRali Sansebis vels. 4.2.8. ganaTlebis ufro maRal safexurze swavlis gagrZeleba rogorc monacemebidan gamoikveTa, bakalavriatis safexuris studentTa absolutur umravlesobas (90.1%) magistraturaSi swavlis gagrZeleba sakuTari specialobiT surs. mcirea iseTTa raodenoba (2.6%), visac specialobis Secvla undodes. am ukanasknelTa daaxloebiT naxevari mizezad asaxelebs imas, rom sxva profesiiT dainteresdnen. im bakalavriatis studentebisgan, romlebic apireben magistraturaSi swavlis gagrZelebas, meoTxeds es sazRvargareT surs. 43.2% ambobs, rom swavlas sakuTar universitetSi gaagrZeleben, xolo 9.3%-s magistraturaSi swavla saqarTvelos sxva universitetSi urCevniaT (prioritetad Tsu saxeldeba). es ukanasknelni amis mizezad miiCneven, erTi mxriv, imas, rom sxva universitetis iuridiul/samarTlis fakultetze ufro xarisxian iuridiul ganaTlebas miiReben, xolo, meore mxriv, imas, sxva universitetis iuridiul/samarTlis fakultetze ukeTesad aris organizebuli iuridiuli praqtika (ix. diagrama #14): diagrama #14

msgavsi monacemebia magistraturis studentebTan dakavSirebiTac. maT umravlesobas ar surs arc fakultetisa da arc saswavleblis Secvla. mcirea iseTTa raodenoba, vinc Secvlis survilze saubrobs.

4.3. Sromis bazarze kvalificiuri iuristebis Sesabamisoba damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebTan Tvisebrivi kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis erT-erT ZiriTad winapirobas warmoadgens saswavlo procesis (saswavlo programa universitetebSi, praqtikuli samuSao, staJireba da a.S.) imgvarad dagegmva, rom iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulis kvalifikacia Seesabamebodes Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs. Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi gamovlinda is ramodenime komponenti („sistemuri“ indikatorebi), romlebic warmoadgenen xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebis garantias: saswavlo programa - kvlevis monawileTa nawili (ZiriTadad samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi/damsaqmeblebi) emxrobodnen mosazrebas, rom iurists unda gaaCndes zogadi kvalifikacia, xolo monawileTa nawili mxars uWerda mosazrebas, iuristTa viwro specializaciis Sesaxeb, romelic me-3 kursidan unda xdebodes. kvlevis yvela monawiles Soris gamoikveTa mosazreba Teoriul codnasTan erTad praqtikuli gamocdilebis gaRrmavebis Sesaxeb (miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi sworad gamoyenebis unari). xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebas aseve xels uwyobs: interaqtiuli leqciebis Catareba, kazusebis amoxsna, iuridiuli literaturis qarTul enaze Targmna (mosamarTleebma miuTiTes, rom qarTul enaze Targmnili iuridiuli literaturis ararseboba mniSvnelovan bariers qmnis xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTlebis miRebisa da Semdgomi dasaqmebisTvis). kvalificiuri personali - saswavlo programa warmatebiT ver ganxorcieldeba Sesabamisi adamianuri resursis gareSe (jgufur diskusiebze miuTiTes, rom profesor-maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi nawili Teoretikosia da arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac isini saqmis kursSi ar arian kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebis Sesaxeb). praqtikosi profesor-maswavleblebis raodenobis gazrda (romelTa mozidva universitetebSi sakmaod problemuria maTi datvirTuli samuSao grafikis gamo), romlebic SeimuSaveben xarisxian da gamarTul silabusebs uzrunvelyofs iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis zrdas. kvlevis monawileTa azriT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze negatiurad aisaxeba studentTa gazrdili raodenoba jgufebSi (universitetebma Sromis bazris moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT unda daadginon iuridiul fakultetze misaRebi abiturientebis raodenoba, Tumca komerciuli mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ase ar xdeba). amas garda, zogierTi monawile uaryofiTad afasebda iuridiuli ganaTlebis arsebul models, romelic dasavluri modelis analogia da gadmotanilia yovelgvari adaptaciis gareSe. kvlevis monawileebma miuTiTes is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic unda gaaCndes kvalificiur iurists/kursdamTavrebuls, imisaTvis rom bazarze moTxovnadi gaxdes: •

samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna (Teoria);

•

ucxo enis da kompiuteruli programebis codna;

•

menejmentis da klientebTan/moqalaqeebTan komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;

•

weriTi da verbalurad argumentirebuli msjeloba;

•

im qveynis samarTlis codna, romeli qveynis sawarmosTan/organizaciasTan eqneba iurists urTierToba; (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);

•

sajaro moxelis profesiuli eTikis codna;

•

kanonis interpretaciis unari;

•

pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.

damsaqmeblebs xSirad eqmnebaT problema kvalificiuri kadris moZiebisas, radgan iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebi xSirad ver pasuxoben Sromis bazris/damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebs. amitom, maRali kvalifikaciis mqone iurists erTdroulad ramdenime kerZo Tu sajaro dawesebulebasTan uwevs TanamSromloba. aqedan gamomdinare, damsaqmeblebi cdiloben moiZion kursdamTavrebulebi, romlebsac kargi Teoriuli codna gaaCniaT da Semdgom moaxdinon maTi gadamzadeba organizaciis saWiroebebis mixedviT (am meTodis efeqturobas gansakuTrebiT biznesis warmomadgenlebma gausva xazi). kvlevis monawileTa azriT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebi met-naklebad akmayofileben minimalur kompetenciebs Teoriuli codnis TvalsazrisiT, rasac ver vityviT praqtikul gamocdilebasa da unar-Cvevebze. sxva sakiTxia, Tavad universitetebis mier miwodebuli ganaTlebis xarisxi da misi Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove standartebTan (swored amitom miuTiTes advokatebma universitetebis akreditaciis saWiroebasa da aRniSnuli akreditaciis monitoringis aucileblobaze). „saias“ warmomadgenlebma Tbilissa da quTaisSi miuTiTes iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebuli aplikantebis dabal konkurentunarianobaze, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos regionebSi - sadac umaRles saswavlebelSi miRebuli codna imdenad mwiria, rom kursdamTavrebulebs yvelaze martivi iuridiuli dokumentis Sedgenac ki uWirT. sazRvargareT miRebuli ganaTleba dasaqmebisaTvis damatebiTi xelSemwyobi faqtori iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aplikants sabaziso sauniversiteto ganaTleba saqarTveloSi eqneba miRebuli (qarTuli samarTlis codnis gareSe gauWirdeba moergos samarTlebriv garemos saqarTveloSi). kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis maCvenebeli, mosamarTleTa ganmartebiT, SedarebiT maRalia Tsu-sa da ramodenime kerZo umaRles saswavlebelSi (mag: qarTul-amerikuli universiteti) - dasaqmebulia magistrantTa didi umravlesoba, xolo bakalavrebis daaxloebiT 15%. Sesabamisad, damsaqmebelTa yuradRebac ZiriTadad swored aRniSnuli universitetebis kursdamTavrebulebzea mimarTuli. damsaqmeblebis SefasebiT, iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirTa umravlesobisaTvis momzidvelia saqmianobis is sferoebi, sadac eZlevaT maT staJirebis gavlis da/an maRali anazRaurebis miRebis SesaZlebloba (am mxriv, yvelaze prioritetuli prokuraturaa). Sromis bazarze kvalificiuri kadrebis moZiebis erT-erT damatebiT bariers, kvlevis monawileTa azriT, aseve nepotizmis arseboba qmnis. imisaTvis, rom iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi pasuxobdes Sromis bazris moTxovnebs, saWiroa universitetebsa da damsaqmeblebs Soris komunikaciis gaRrmaveba, urTierTTanamSromlobis saxiT. amgvari TanamSromlobis tendencia jerjerobiT mxolod saxelmwifos mxridan (sajaro samsaxurebi) SeiniSneba 2012 wlidan - memorandumis gaformebis gziT (mag: prokuraturasa da universitetebs Soris). kerZo seqtoris mxridan arsebobs universitetebTan TanamSromlobis iseTi damabrkolebeli faqtorebi, rogoricaa teqnikuri da adamianuri resursis nakleboba, samsaxurebrivi saidumlos staJiorebisTvis gacxadebis SiSi da a.S. Sromis bazarze damkvidrebisaTvis mniSvneloba eniWeba im konkretul kriteriumebs, romlebic aucilebelia iuristis profesiaSi SesvlisTvis. mag: testireba ver uzrunvelyofs profesionalizmis dadgenas da saWiroa damatebiTi komponentebis (kazusebis amoxsnis, gasaubrebis da a.S.) Semotana. kvlevaSi monawileTa nawili uaryofiTad afasebs advokatebisa da mosamarTleebis profesiaSi „Sesasvlelad“ aucilebeli staJirebis xangrZlivobas da misi gazrdis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs. kvalificiur iuristad Camoyalibebasa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi, romelic Sromis bazarze adgilis mopovebis garantiaa, erT-erT mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs iuridiuli klinika, romelic rCeba universitetSi arsebuli praqtikuli codnis deficitis Sevsebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan alternativad. Tumca, Sromis ba-

zarze arsebobs klinikis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba. amas garda, yvela universitets ar gaaCnia iuridiuli klinika da studentTa miRebac SezRudulia adamianuri resursis naklebobis gamo, rac mis xarvezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. swored amitom, bazarze arsebuli iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirebis kvalifikaciis gasaumjobeseblad erTerT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens klinikis gafarToeba. 5. problemis saerTo Sefaseba da rekomendaciebi 5.1. qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis zogadi Sefaseba proeqtis „xarisxiani ganaTleba Zlieri institutebisTvis“ farglebSi ganxorcielda qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis detaluri kvleva da analizi. sakvlevi problemis sirTulidan gamomdinare, kvlevas ver eqneba pretenzia universalurobaze, Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom mkvlevarTa jgufi maqsimalurad Seecada, arsebuli resursiT moecva yvela komponenti, romelsac garkveuli gavlena aqvs qarTul umaRles iuridiul ganaTlebaze. moZiebuli informaciis analizis safuZvelze, qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi SegviZlia SevafasoT, rogorc aradamakmayofilebeli arsebul determinantebTan mimarTebiT. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis msazRvrelebad SeirCa Semdegi indikatorebi: a) umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis meqanizmebi, rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise Sidasauniversiteto doneze; b) umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sedegebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan; g) saswavlo programebi; d) akademiuri personali. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, problemebi arsebobs zemoT aRniSnuli TiToeuli komponentis mimarTulebiT, aseve, gamoikveTa sxva saxis problemebic, romlebzec mocemul TavSi gveqneba saubari. kvlevis Sedegebis analizisas iqmneba erTgvari uCveulo suraTi, radgan gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze saubrisas, mas afasebs, rogorc „mwvave“ problemas. imavdroulad, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis calkeuli komponentebis Sefaseba ufro metad dadebiTia, vidre uaryofiTi. 5.2. problemebi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT rogorc winamdebare TavSi aRiniSna, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis kvlevis dros problemebi gamoikveTa faqtobrivad yvela ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT. mocemul TavSi warmodgenilia individualurad TiToeuli problemis analizi. 5.2.1. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo da Sidasauniversiteto regulireba sakanonmdeblo doneze umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba, regulirebis TvalsazrisiT, imave problemebs awydeba, rasac qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema mTlianobaSi. kerZod, saubari gvaqvs interesTa konfliqtze eqspertTa jgufis wevrebsa da akreditacia/avtorizaciis mopovebiT dainteresebul universitets Soris.

miuxedavad kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli sakmaod vrceli CamonaTvalisa interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb, mainc arsebobs safrTxe, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrsa da maZiebels Soris Sedges garkveuli garigeba, kerZod, statusis mopovebis sanacvlod, momavalSi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis SeTavazebis saxiT. imisTvis, rom aRniSnuli riski minimumamde davides, mizanSewonilia, Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo aqtSi gakeTdes daTqma, rom avtorizacia/akreditaciis jgufis wevrs, akreditaciidan/avtorizaciidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, ar eqneba SesaZlebloba, SromiTi urTierToba daamyaros maZiebel dawesebulebasTan. aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems, Tavidan aviridoT ara marto interesTa konfliqti procesis dasawyisSi, aramed nebismieri daintereseba eqspertTa jgufis mxridan, samomavlod dasaqmebis perspeqtiviT. kidev erTi problemuri sakiTxi, romelic am mimarTulebiT wamoiWra, exeba akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wess, romelTan dakavSirebiTac araerTgvarovani mosazrebebi arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis procesSi ver moxerxda gamoTqmuli SiSebis calsaxa dadastureba an uaryofa, mizanSewonilia, moxdes akreditaciis sabWos dakompleqtebis wesis gadaxedva umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT. kerZod, sabWos muSaobaSi, garda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlebisa, CaerTon iuristTa profesiuli gaerTianebebi da interesTa jgufebi sxvadasxva seqtoridan, kerZod: saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacia, saqarTvelos notariusTa palata, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (rogorc arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgeneli da iuristTa erT-erTi udidesi profesiuli gaerTianeba). migvaCnia, rom akreditaciis sabWoSi zemoT xsenebuli interesTa jgufebis CarTva dadebiTad aisaxeba qveyanaSi umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze, radgan xarisxis determinaciasa da mis Sefasebas uSualod ganaxorcieleben is instituciebi, romlebic umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier momzadebuli kadrebis pirveli mimRebni arian. garda aRniSnulisa, kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa problemebi, romlebic uSualod exeba iuridiul ganaTlebas, ramdenadac iuridiuli profesia kanoniT „regulirebadia“, eqimisa da pedagogis profesiebis gverdiT. miuxedavad arsebuli daTqmisa, dRemde ar arsebobs qveyanaSi kanoni umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTebis Sesaxeb, Tumca, sxva regulirebadi profesiebi ukve moeqcnen sakanonmdeblo CarCoebSi. mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb specialuri kanonis miReba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxisa da standartebis gansazRvras, aseve SesaZlebeli iqneboda im problemuri sakiTxebis kanoniT gawera, romlebic realurad aferxebs qveyanaSi iuristis profesiis ganviTarebas. iuridiuli ganaTlebis moTxovnadobidan da iuridiul fakultetze arsebul studentTa didi raodenobidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresda e.w. „dawyebiTi iuridiuli ganaTlebis“ problemiTac. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki skolebSi moxdeba samarTlis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba, aseve, erTian erovnul gamocdebSi arCeviT sagnad CarTuli iqneba samarTlebrivi an masTan miaxloebuli disciplina, abiturienti gacilebiT momzadebuli iqneba saswavlo procesisTvis, rac, bunebrivia, dadebiTad aisaxeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxze, radgan ganaTleba ar aris calmxrivi pro-

cesi. bevri ram damokidebulia ara mxolod ganaTlebis mimwodebelze, aramed codnis mimRebzec. rac Seexeba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sida sauniversiteto regulirebis meqanizmebs, upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia swavlebis sistemizaciis problema, kerZod, universiteti praqtikulad ar gansazRvravs da ar aregulirebs swavlebis meTodologias. universitetebis silabusebis Seswavlis procesSi naTlad gamoCnda, rom am Temas arasaTanado yuradReba eTmoba. es tendencia gansakuTrebiT mwvaved dgas saxelmwifo universitetebSi, sadac: • swavlebis meTodebSi CamoTvlilia TiTqmis yvela savaraudo meTodi, rac ki bunebaSi arsebobs, praqtikaSi yvela maTganis gamoyeneba ki Sesabamis saleqcio kviraSi SeuZlebelia. • swavlebis meTodad mxolod klasikuri leqciaa miTiTebuli. miznebi ki scdeba meTodebs. mxolod klasikuri leqciiT gamoricxulia iseTi dasaxuli Sedegebis miReba, rogoricaa kvleviTi unarebis gaumjobeseba. • swavlis Sedegebi ar aris gaazrebuli da CaSlili, Tu romeli sagani ra Sedegis momtani SeiZleba iyos, zog SemTxvevaSi - ar weria, zog SemTxvevaSi ki - yvela miTiTebulia mSralad (codna da gacnobiereba, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unari, daskvnis unari, komunikaciis unari, swavlis unari, Rirebulebebi). aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, Camoyalibdes garkveuli midgoma swavlebis meTodologiasTan dakavSirebiT. SemuSavdes calkeul disciplinebze swavlebis meTodebisa da maTi monitoringis sistemebi. mniSvnelovania aseve saswavlo programebis regulirebis sakiTxi. rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo universitetebSi: • programaSi ar ikveTeba materialur-teqnikuri bazis (infrastruqturis) Sesabamisoba. mxolod zogadad aris miTiTebuli, rom materialur-teqnikuri baza Seesabameba moTxovnebs. • biblioTekasTan dakavSirebiT zogadad weria, rom is Seesabameba moTxovnebs, Tumca, ar aris miTiTebuli aRweriloba, maxasiaTeblebi, wignebis raodenoba da a.S. • kreditebis gadanawilebis sistema Seusabamoa. garda aRniSnulisa, saxelmwifo universitetebSi SeiniSneba arCeviTi sagnebis simwire, rac, rogorc Tundac iuridiuli ganaTlebis ucxouri praqtikidanac Cans, xarisxiani ganaTlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. aRniSnuli problemis mosagvareblad, isev da isev, mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis erTiani standartis Camoyalibeba, romlis dakmayofilebac savaldebulo iqneba rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis. mniSvnelovania aseve monitoringis qmediTi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, raTa gawerili standartebi ar darCes faratina furclad da moxdes maTi realuri implementacia praqtikaSi. aRniSnuli sakiTxi SesaZloa daregulirdes kanonmdeblobiT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mniSvnelovania, qveyanaSi realurad ganxorcieldes iuristis profesiis regulireba, Tumca, aRniSnuli ar unda moxdes saswavleblis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis xarjze. ramdenadac iuristis profesia umniSvnelovanesia qveyanaSi samarTlianobis, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisTvis, imdenad xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTleba saxelmwifo politikis rangSi unda iqnes ayvanili. am TvalsazrisiT, mkvlevarTa jgufi misaRebad

miiCnevs germanul models, sadac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba warmoadgens qveynis marTlmsajulebis politikis nawils. rac Seexeba uSualo regulirebas, mkvlevarTa jgufis azriT, am mimarTulebiT yvelaze optimaluria iuridiuli ganaTlebis „interesTa jgufebis“ CarTva xarisxis gansazRvrisa da kontrolis procesSi. aseve sainteresoa amerikuli modeli, sadac saxelmwifo sakuTari funqciebis delegirebas axdens arasaxelmwifo aqtorebze, imavdroulad, ganaTlebas inarCunebs rogorc sakuTari politikis prioritetul elements. 5.2.2. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis ZiriTad mizans arsebuli Sromis bazris kvalificiuri (kompetenturi) kadrebiT „momarageba“ warmoadgens. rogorc proeqtis farglebSi ganxorcielebulma Tvisebrivma kvlevam cxadyo, qarTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema xSirad ver axerxebs aRniSnuli miznis miRwevas. Sesabamisad, qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi sasurvelze dabalia. kvlevis farglebSi monawile jgufebis mier dasaxelebuli Sromis bazris moTxovnebi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone pirTa mimarT mokled SeiZleba ase Camoyalibdes: • samarTlis siRrmiseuli codna (Teoria); • ucxo enis da kompiuteruli programebis codna; • menejmentis da klientebTan/moqalaqeebTan komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi; • weriTi da verbaluri argumentirebuli msjeloba; • im qveynis samarTlis codna, romlis sawarmosTan/organizaciasTanac eqneba iurists urTierToba (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi); • sajaro moxelis profesiuli eTikis codna; • kanonis interpretaciis unari; • pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. kvlevis mixedviT, bazarze arsebul kursdamTavrebulTa umetesoba aRniSnul kriteriumebs ver pasuxobs. swored amitom aRniSna kvlevis erT-erTma monawilem, rom skolidanve unda daiwyos garkveuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi problema daisva iuridiuli ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis ganxilvis drosac. aRniSnuli naklovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad, mniSvnelovania damsaqmebelTa da umaRles saswavleblebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da erToblivi proeqtebis SemuSaveba. pirveli nabijebi ukve gadaidga memorandumebis gaformebis gziT, romelTa implementacia aranakleb mniSvnelovania (imisaTvis, rom ara mxolod studentma miiRos pirvelwyarodan informacia bazarze arsebuli moTxovnebis Sesaxeb, aramed - profesormaswavleblebmac da sistemis doneze moxdes etapobrivad bazris saWiroebebze morgeba). rogorc wesi, memorandumebis gaformeba calkeul struqturebsa da umaRles saswavleblebs Soris, erTgvari piar-aqciis saxes atarebs da praqtikaSi maTi danergva naklebad xorcieldeba. Tavad memorandumis pirobebic zogadia da daclili yovelgvari valdebulebebisgan. situaciis gamosworebis mizniT, aucilebelia aRniSnuli midgomis Secvla. Sromis bazris Seswavlisas, yvelaze mniSvnelovan komponents, romlis deficitic kvlevaSi monawile yvela jgufSi iyo xazgasmuli, warmoadgens praqtikuli gamocdilebis nakleboba (exeba rogorc studentebs, aseve profesor-maswavleblebs). Tu studentebi

met-naklebad akmayofileben codnis im dones, romelsac universitetebSi iReben, sakamaToa Tavad universitetebSi miRebuli codnis xarisxi da misi Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove standartebTan, Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan. im faqtidan gamomdinare, rom universitetebSi saswavlo programa ar aris orientirebuli praqtikul muSaobaze, isini ver uzrunvelyofen studentebs profesiisaTvis saWiro unar-CvevebiT da danaklisis Sevseba sxva gziT uwevT (rogoricaa staJireba, iuridiuli klinika). rac Seexeba minimaluri kompetenciebis dakmayofilebas, am mimarTulebiT kvlevam kvlav praqtikuli codnis komponentis sisuste gamoavlina. miuxedavad imisa, rom Sromis bazari gajerebulia iuristebiT, kvalificiuri kadris moZieba Wirs. amis mizezi swored is aris, rom umaRles saswavleblebSi ar xdeba Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da, rogorc advokatebma aRniSnes, umetes SemTxvevaSi, swavlebis moZvelebul meTodebs iyeneben. kvlevam gamoavlina, rom mocemul etapze swavlebis Tanamedrove/interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyeneba konkretul individebzea (profesor-maswavlebeli) damokidebuli da ar warmogvidgeba, rogorc sistemis maxasiaTebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli tendencia gamoikveTa umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis programebisa da silabusebis analizis drosac. Sesabamisad, swavlebis erTiani standartis SemuSaveba, misi morgeba Sromis bazris da, zogadad, qveynis saWiroebebTan, arsebul gamowvevebTan gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan qarTuli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sesabamisoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli profesiis efeqtur regulirebasa da ganaTlebis srulyofili standartebis SemuSavebaze. Tanamedrove saswavlo meTodebi, maTi implementaciis efeqturi meqanizmebi, praqtikaze orientirebuli swavleba is komponentebia, romelic unda daregulirdes ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobiTa da universitetebis Sida regulirebis aqtebiT. kidev erTi problema gaxlavT komunikaciis nakleboba damsaqmebels, saxelmwifosa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris. amdenad kidev ufro metad ikveTeba xarisxis determinaciasa da regulirebaSi yvela interesTa jgufis CarTvis mniSvneloba. 5.2.3. saswavlo programebi mizanSewonilia, aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganvixiloT ara mxolod universitetis Sida regulirebis meqanizmebis, aramed zogadi TvalsazrisiTac. raodenobrivi kvlevis dros calsaxad gamoikveTa imis tendencia, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi naklebad sTavazoben raime axals magistraturis studentebs. gamokiTxuli magistrantebidan yoveli mesame ar eTanxmeba imas, rom samagistro programa studentebs, sabakalavro programasTan SedarebiT, Tvisebrivad axal (gansxvavebul) kursebs sTavazobs. gamokiTxul bakalavrTa meoTxedi fiqrobs, rom saswavlo programa ar iZleva saSualebas, studentma SeiZinos viwro specializacia da, rom sabakalavro naSromebis momzadebas fakultetze seriozuli yuradReba ar eqceva. kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa problemebi samagistro da sadoqtoro programebze kvleviT komponentTan dakavSirebiTac. praqtikulad, swavlebis yvela safexurze vawydebiT problemebs ucxo enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli, iseve rogorc viwro specializaciis sakiTxi, mwvaved idga jgufuri diskusiebis procesSic. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia, umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebule-

bebma yuradReba gaamaxvilon am problemaTa mogvarebis mimarTulebiT. sasurvelia, SemuSavdes garkveuli standartebi da maTi monitoringis meqanizmebi enis swavlebis da specializaciis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli problemis arseboba aseve miuTiTebs komunikaciis naklebobaze damsaqmebelsa da saswavlebels Soris. Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSi, Cven vimeorebT imave rekomendacias, rac mivuTiTeT damsaqmeblebze saubris dros. rogorc saswavlo programebis, aseve, damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebis analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom „profesiaSi Sesvla“ jer kidev ar niSnavs dasaqmebas. Sesabamisad, swavlis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi kriteriumi ver iqneba is faqti, rom students SeuZlia Caabaros profesiaSi Sesvlis gamocda, vinaidan profesiaSi Sesvlisas dawesebuli moTxovnebi, rogorc wesi, Seesabameba studentis mier universitetSi miRebul codnas. aqedan gamomdinare, rac ufro dabali ganaTlebis xarisxi arsebobs universitetSi, miT ufro dabali standarti iarsebebs profesiaSi Sesvlisas. 5.2.4. akademiuri personali akademiuri personalis kvalificiuroba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis erT-erTi centraluri indikatoria. bunebrivia, kvleva ver Seamowmebda da arc miscemda Tavs calkeul profesor-maswavlebelTa kompetenturobisa da kvalificiurobis eWvqveS dayenebis uflebas. mkvlevarTa jgufma Seiswavla is obieqturi faqtorebi, romlebmac, SesaZloa, mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonios profesor-maswavlebelTa mier sakuTari movaleobebis efeqtur Sesrulebaze. erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani tendencia, romelic kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa, aris is, rom erTi da igive piri dakavebulia ramdenime universitetSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da, realurad Tu vimsjelebT, xSirad warmoudgenelia erTi adamianis mier aseTi masStabis samuSaos Sesruleba. aRniSnuli problemis gamomwvev erTerT mizezad SeiZleba moviazroT is garemoeba, rom qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi arsebuli iuridiuli fakultetebis raodenoba aRemateba bazarze arsebuli akademiuri kadrebis raodenobas. gansxvavebiT ucxouri praqtikisgan, saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis did umravlesobas iuridiuli fakulteti aqvs, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi mxriv, iuridiul ganaTlebaze arsebuli didi moTxovniT da, meore mxriv imiT, rom aRniSnuli moTxovna, Sesabamisad - studentebis raodenoba, iuridiul fakultets aqcevs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis „marCenal“ fakultetad. problemis mogvarebis efeqtur gzas warmoadgens, upirveles yovlisa, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis sistemis optimizacia, rac gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, iuridiul fakultetebze swavlebis xarisxis mkacr monitorings, meore mxriv ki, akademiuri personalis waxalisebas, raTa maT SeeZloT erT adgilas muSaobiT miiRon saTanado anazRaureba da iZulebulni ar iyvnen, Tavis sarCenad ramdenime dawesebulebaSi erTdroulad imuSaon. aseve mniSvnelovania akademiuri personalis waxaliseba regionebSi. samwuxarod, regionebSi adgilobrivi akademiuri kadrebis seriozuli deficiti arsebobs. 5.3. sxva tendenciebi kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa tendenciebi, romlebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRvniSnoT, rom, TbilisTan SedarebiT, regionebSi arsebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi gacilebiT kritikulad aris Sefasebuli kvlevis farglebSi.

iuridiuli ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT, regionebSi arsebuli rTuli viTareba axali ar aris. saxezea ara mxolod lojistikuri problemebi (materialur-teqnikuri baza, biblioTeka da a.S), aramed kadrebis nakleboba. am problemis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifom ganaTlebis politikis erT-erT prioritetad daasaxelos iuridiuli ganaTleba da meti resursi mimarTos am sakiTxisken. aucilebelia kadrebis waxaliseba, maTTvis komfortuli pirobebis Seqmna, raTa Sewydes regionebidan profesionali kadrebis gadineba, xolo TbilisSi moRvawe kadrebi dainteresdnen regionSi muSaobiT. daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia kidev erTxel gavimeoroT, rom umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos mSeneblobis saqmeSi. swored xarisxiani iuridiuli ganaTleba ganapirobebs im saxelmwifo institutebis Zalas, romelTac qveyanaSi demokratiuli principebisa da kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidreba evalebaT. Sesabamisad, mis xarisxze zrunva ara mxolod saxelmwifos an umaRlesi saswavleblebis, aramed mTeli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis movaleobaa. gamovTqvamT rwmenas, rom mocemuli kvleva iqneba am mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli erT-erTi pirveli, Tumca, ara _ ukanaskneli nabiji.