Week 5
The types or thickness of the materials affects the span
E-learning The first part that the e-learning discussed about floor systems and gave a short summary on what Ching mentioned about it. Ching divided floor systems into linear beam which consists of joist, steel and timber. This creates a more homogeneous slab of concrete.
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Ply wood or structural board which is about 25mm thick can only support a short distance (450-600mm)
It was further mentioned how steel systems work in the floor systems I beam
Open web joist
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The depth of floor system is directly related to the size of the structural bays The strength of materials used The floor loads are transferred into structures such as columns and walls Needs to span between these support
Steel decking -
Uses formwork that is not removed as it carry tensile forces
It was further discussed on how joist and bearers are beams and that a panel sheeting is put on top of a joist which supports it via tensile strength.
Timber was also discussed in the e-learning.is timber The characteristics and how timber are made were mentioned When a tree grows -
They produces annual growth rings The different areas have different weaknesses in timber There are many ways on how a log is sculpt to form timber Quarter sawing
Heartwood is not used for structural purposes
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Good wearing surface Produces nice grain - good for furniture Slower in terms of seasoning
Timber are made from grains which defines the strength of it -
If the timber is parallel to the grain it is strong If horizontal it is weaker
Back Sawing
Knots create weakness to the wood and can cause breakage to the grain Decrease the prone to splitting -
Shrinls/ warp abit
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Seasons rapidly
Radial Sawing
A fully season timber would consider to have less than 15% of water content in ti. - efficient use - used for weatherboard or cladding systems
Manufacture of timber
Seasoning
Laminated veneer lumber
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Getting rid of the moisture content inside the wood
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This helps the wood to be -
Laminating thin sheet of wood where most laminates with the grain in longitudinal direction,
More stronger The types of seasoning methods use are Air drying KILN (quicker method) Solar (longer method)
Glue laminated -
Using glue to adhere the wood together
b) Primary structures Vertical –Walls which is made from precast concrete
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Cross laminated timber (CLT) Gluing KILT dried timber boards Stack at right angles from each other and is hydraulic pressed .
Horizontal- The roof structure, RB&,RB2 (150X75 PFC) indicates the roof structure c) Secondary structure Horizontal- rafters which is used to hold roofs via tensile strength. (Labeled as, R2, R1) Vertical- bracings 2) Graphical structural diagrams a) Foundations and footings
Tutorial During the tutorials, we have to further study the symbols and structure of the Queens college. 1) Description/ classification of structural systems a) Foundations & Footings ** Pad footing
Excabated binding concrete handling poers
c) Secondarystructure b) Primary structure Horizontal bracing
Panel connection
3) Identification, description and locations of structural materials a) Concrete- precast walls (pad footings) b) Steel- PFC, Universal Beam(UB) c) Timber- the main timber used is pine wood. - It is ised to contruct the bracing d) Bricks- used to create the existing brickwalls to enclose the buildings 4) Structural joints 5) The use of different structural fixings a) Welded- the cleat is welded onto the steel PFC b) Bolted- used to join the cleat c) Nails- to use to join rafters to the bearing d) Screw e) Concrete 6) Sustainability and environmental analysis
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a) Carbon footprint b) Embodied energy Transportation energy Glass blocks has a high embodied energy and is less durable Concrete also has a high embodied energy but more durable compared to glass c) Recyclability Some parts of the materials can b e recycled such as the concrete However, most parts are difficult ot recycle
Workshop. This week in the workshop, we were required to continue from where we stopped last week. In my group, we made sure that our measurements and drawing on the wood were accurate. After that , in we had to learn to use the saw to cut the pole that holds our structure.