Sustainable design

DM5533 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and product redesign assignment

Module Leaders David Harrison Fabrizio Ceschin

Hao Lee 1322299 Integrated Product Design

Outline

1. Introduction 2.

Flow Model

3. Inventory 4.

CES Eco Audit

5.

SimaPro Analysis

6.

Human Needs Met

7.

Suggested Eco Improvents

8.

Redesign Proposal

9.

New Inventory

10.

SimaPro Analysis

11.

Improment & Conclusion

12. References

1. Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the environmental impact from the hair dryer and identify its environmental impact factors. Finally, it will produce redesign proposal.

Its main function is to blow hot and cold air over wet or damp hair, in order to accelerate the evaporation of water particles and dry the hair. Otherwise, it has a folding handle, easy to carry and transport. There are 24 components be assembled in this hair dryer. The product has 3-stage levels of wind velocity and is suitable for alternating current 220V ~ 50Hz, the power used for 1200W. The functional unit for this product is an average of 3 minutes to dry a human hair. I used average to analyse, mainly due to the different conditions of each person to use, for example, the amount of hair and length hair, frequency of washing hair, it will affect the parameters, I simplify many variable and uncertain parameters.

This report will explore this hair dryer's product life cycle, from pre-produce, manufacture, use, delivery to disposal.

The product is baught in Shanghai, China, and made in Canton, China. So, the transportion will not include international ocean shipping. And the operational life is based on past experience to assess.

Panasonic EH5252 Hair Dryer 220v~50Hz 1200w Made in China

BODY Plastic (131.8g)

Minerals Mica (18g)

Heating element Nichrome (9g)

Injection molding

Blanking

Wire drawing

Fan Motor (64g)

Blanking

Wire drawing

Cast

Assembly Truck (1500Km)

Transport

Electricity (67KWh)

Use Phase (3 Years) Disposal

Screws & Greating Steel (3g)

Switch PP (97g)

Cable Wire (90g)

Extrusion

Blanking

Injection molding

Wire drawing

Rolling

Bending

2. Flow Model

The flow chart on the left side is the every stage of the product life cycle. Each components be grouped in different materials and be placed at the top. In addition, the following stage are their separate manufacturing processes through delivery and usage.

The layout of the chart is designed to enable users to clearly understand the various elements of every levels in product life cycle.

The material identification is that to observe on various parts and some parts are marked on the material name. Other components are tested by magnet and be searched in the internet.

1

2

4

14

15

16

17

21

7

5

22

8 18

9

10

24 12

3

6

11

13

19

20

23

3. Inventory 1

2

3

4

5

6

Title: Front body Material: ABS Weight: 55g Process: Injection molding Title: Styling nozzle Material: PC Weight: 18g Process: Injection molding Title: Right handle Material: ABS Weight: 12g Process: Injection molding Title: Body back Material: ABS Weight: 24g Process: Injection molding Title: Cover filter Material: ABS Weight: 4g Process: Injection molding Title: Left handle Material: ABS Weight: 15g Process: Injection molding

7

8

9

Title: Front greating A Material: Carbon steel Weight: 2g Process: Blanking

Title: Fan 19 Material: ABS Weight: 18g Process: Injection molding

Title: Front greating B Material: Carbon steel Weight: 3g Process: Blanking & Forming

Title: Container H. Element A 14 Material: Steel Weight: 29g Process: Blanking

Title: Motor 20 Material: Steel, copper, magnet Weight: 64g Process: Assembling

Title: Botton Material: ABS Weight: 3g Process: Injection molding

Title: Container H. Element B 15 Material: Mica Weight: 3g Process: Blanking

Title: Heating element 21 Material: Nichrome Weight: 9g Process: Wire drawing

Title: Insulating board 16 Material: Mica Weight: 15g Process: Blanking

Title: Wire 22 Material: Wire Weight: 2g Process: Wire drawing

Title: Capacitance 17 Material: Capacitance Weight: 1g Process: Assembling

Title: Cable 23 Material: Cable Weight: 79g Process: Wire drawing

Title: Switch 18 Material: PP Weight: 12g Process: Injection molding

Title: Cable bent supporter 24 Material: Rubber Weight: 4g Process: Injection molding

Title: Whirling wheel 10 Material: PTFE Weight: 0.5g Process: Injection molding

11

13

Title: Spacer Material: ABS Weight: 0.3g Process: Injection molding

Title: Screws Material: Stainless steel Weight: 1.8g Process: Impact extrusion & Rolling

Title: Screws 12 Material: Stainless steel Weight: 1.2g Process: Impact extrusion & Rolling

4. CES Eco Audit Energy and CO2 Footprint Summary:

Life cycle Phase Analysis This section I used Cambridge Eco audit tool to anaylse the hair dryer, and results are as follows: In all of its impact for energy and CO2 footprint, the use phase occupied the greatest proportion, both more than about 90%. A key factor in such a high proportion is electricity of hair dryer, which comes from the high heating power and speed of the motor.

In addition, It would be used on average once a day and average 3 minute per time.

The second highest impact of the product is material phase, it were constitued by 8.2% of energy and 7.0 of CO2 footprint. Mainly due to the production of the electronic components cannot be recycle and reuse.

Although manufacture phase is the third highest impact for the energy and CO2 footprint, there are only 0.7% and 0.8% respectively. One of the biggest proportion is injection molding of the plastic manufacturing process.

Because of the transport phase of this hair dryer is short distance and is all delivery in china by land transportation, its impact of energy and CO2 footprint both are considerably low.

The lowest impact of the phases is disposal, even though most of the plastic parts are recyclable, weight accounted for more electronic products are still be throw in landfill.

Â

Energy (MJ)

Phase

Energy (%)

CO2 (kg)

CO2 (%)

Material

47.012

8.2

2.477

7.0

Manufacture

3.842

0.7

0.289

0.8

Transport

0.259

0.0

0.018

0.1

Use

521.604

91.1

32.502

92.1

Disposal

0.136

0.0

0.010

0.0

Total (for first life)

572.853

100

35.295

100

End of life potential

-7.235

-0.316

Â

Material

Manufacture Total mass processed** (kg)

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

1

0.055

5.22

11.1

0.21

8.5

0.018

1

0.018

1.95

4.1

0.11

Virgin (0%)

0.012

1

0.012

1.14

2.4

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.024

1

0.024

2.28

cover filter

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.004

1

0.004

left hander

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.015

1

Carbon steel, AISI 1040, annealed

Virgin (0%)

0.002

Carbon steel, AISI 1040, annealed

Virgin (0%)

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Part mass Qty. (kg)

Material

Recycled content* (%)

front body

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.055

styling nozzle

PC (copolymer, highheat)

Virgin (0%)

right handle

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

body back

Component

front greating B botton

Process

% Removed

front body

Polymer molding

-

4.4

styling nozzle

Polymer molding

0.05

1.9

right handle

4.8

0.09

3.7

0.38

0.8

0.02

0.015

1.42

3.0

1

0.002

0.05

0.003

1

0.003

Virgin (0%)

0.003

1

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

0.055 kg

1.10

28.7

0.083

28.7

-

0.018 kg

0.39

10.2

0.03

10.2

Polymer molding

-

0.012 kg

0.24

6.3

0.018

6.3

body back

Polymer molding

-

0.024 kg

0.48

12.5

0.036

12.5

0.6

cover filter

Polymer molding

-

0.004 kg

0.08

2.1

0.006

2.1

0.06

2.3

left hander

Polymer molding

-

0.015 kg

0.30

7.8

0.02

7.8

0.1

0.004

0.1

front greating A

Casting

-

0.002 kg

0.02

0.6

0.0017

0.6

0.08

0.2

0.005

0.2

front greating A

Cutting and trimming

-

0 kg

0.00

0.0

0.00

0.0

0.003

0.28

0.6

0.01

0.5

front greating B

Casting

-

0.003 kg

0.03

0.9

0.003

0.9

Cutting and trimming

-

0 kg

0.00

0.0

0.00

0.0

Component

Amount processed

PTFE (unfilled)

Virgin (0%)

0.0005

1

0.0005

0.057

0.1

0.003

0.1

front greating B

screw

Stainless steel, ferritic, AISI 430, wrought, annealed

Virgin (0%)

0.00075

4

0.003

0.235

0.5

0.01

0.5

botton

Polymer molding

-

0.003 kg

0.06

1.6

0.005

1.6

spacer

ABS (medium-impact, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.0003

1

0.0003

0.03

0.1

0.001

0.0

whitling wheel

Polymer molding

-

0.0005 kg

0.01

0.3

0.0009

0.3

container h. element A

Low alloy steel, AISI 4135, normalized

Virgin (0%)

0.029

1

0.029

0.86

1.8

0.06

2.4

screw

Rough rolling, forging

-

0.003 kg

0.008

0.2

0.0006

0.2

container h. element B

Mica (p)

Virgin (0%)

0.003

1

0.003

0.0004

0.0

0.00002

0.0

spacer

Polymer molding

-

0.0003 kg

0.006

0.2

0.0005

0.2

insulating board

Mica (p)

Virgin (0%)

0.015

1

0.015

0.002

0.0

0.00012

0.0

Casting

-

0.029 kg

0.33

8.6

0.025

8.6

Capacitor

Virgin (0%)

0.001

1

0.001

1.42

3.0

0.08

3.1

Polymer molding

-

0.018 kg

0.36

9.4

0.027

9.4

Power supply unit

Virgin (0%)

0.012

1

0.012

5.46

11.6

0.41

16.5

Wire drawing

-

0.009 kg

0.34

9.0

0.026

9.0

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.018

1

0.018

1.71

3.6

0.07

2.8

Polymer molding

-

0.004 kg

0.066

1.7

0.005

1.8

3.84

100

0.29

100

whitling wheel

capacitance switch fan

container h. element A fan heating element cable bent supporter

Fan

Virgin (0%)

0.064

1

0.064

15.82

33.7

0.75

30.2

Low alloy steel, AISI 3140, normalized

Virgin (0%)

0.009

1

0.009

0.28

0.6

0.02

0.7

wire

Cable

Virgin (0%)

0.002

1

0.002

0.18

0.4

0.01

0.6

cable

Cable

Virgin (0%)

0.054

1

0.054

4.91

10.4

0.37

14.9

plug

Plug, inlet and outlet

Virgin (0%)

0.025

1

0.025

2.89

6.2

0.13

5.3

Stage name

Transport type

Distance (km)

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR, unreinforced)

Virgin (0%)

0.004

1

0.004

0.35

0.7

0.015

0.6

retail store

32 tonne truck

1500.00

0.26

100.0

0.02

100.0

27

0.38

47.01

100

2.48

100

Total

1500.00

0.26

100

0.02

100

motor heating element

cable bent supporter Total

Total

Transport

EoL Potential:

Disposal Component

% End of life Energy recovered (MJ) option

%

Energy (MJ)

%

Relative Contribution of Static And Mobile Modes Mode

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

Static

521.60

100.0

32.50

100.0

0.00

front body

Recycle

80.0

0.03

24.2

-2.76

38.1

styling nozzle

Recycle

80.0

0.01

7.9

-1.03

14.2

Mobile

right handle

Recycle

80.0

0.01

5.3

-0.60

8.3

Total

body back

Recycle

80.0

0.01

10.6

-1.20

16.6

cover filter

Recycle

80.0

0.00

1.8

-0.20

2.8

left hander

Recycle

80.0

0.01

6.6

-0.75

10.4

front greating A

Recycle

100.0

0.00

1.0

-0.04

0.5

front greating B

Recycle

100.0

0.00

1.5

-0.06

0.8

botton

Recycle

80.0

0.00

1.3

-0.15

2.1

whitling wheel

Recycle

80.0

0.00

0.2

-0.03

0.5

screw

Recycle

100.0

0.00

1.5

-0.19

2.6

spacer

Recycle

100.0

0.00

0.2

-0.02

0.3

container h. element A

Landfill

100.0

0.01

4.3

0.00

0.0

container h. element B

Landfill

100.0

0.00

0.4

0.00

0.0

insulating board

Landfill

100.0

0.00

2.2

0.00

0.0

capacitance

Landfill

100.0

0.00

0.1

0.00

0.0

switch

Landfill

100.0

0.00

1.8

0.00

0.0

fan

Landfill

100.0

0.00

2.6

0.00

0.0

motor

Landfill

100.0

0.01

9.4

0.00

0.0

heating element

Recycle

100.0

0.01

4.6

-0.20

2.8

wire

Landfill

100.0

0.00

0.3

0.00

0.0

cable

Landfill

100.0

0.01

7.9

0.00

0.0

plug

Landfill

100.0

0.01

3.7

0.00

0.0

cable bent supporter

Landfill

100.0

0.00

0.6

0.00

0.0

0.14

100

-7.23

100

Total

Static Mode Energy input and output type Use location Power rating (W)

100

32.50

100

Energy & CO2 Footprint Analysis Energy (MJ)/year

CO2 (kg)/year

190.909

11.765

Equivalent annual environmental burden (averaged over 3 year product life):

Identifying The Impact of Components These data from these tables I observed that in spite of the weight of the plastic material and electronic components are equivalent 150g and total weight around 45%. But I found that the impact of electronic components for energy and CO2 footprint are twice as much as the impact of plastic parts, which are 64.9% and 30.5%.

However, most worth attention is the use phase, which accounted for 90% of all impact. Because the number of people using and life habits is not easy to change, what can improve is to reduce the use of time and power consumption.

Electric to mechanical (electric motors) United Kingdom 1200.00

Usage (hours per day)

0.05

Usage (days per year)

360.00

Product life (years)

521.60

0.00

3.00

The strengths of CES is having clearly tables to view the all components in different phase. The weaknesses is that do not have the integrated comparison of material, or group the same material and statistical and compare each other.

5. SimaPro Analysis Life cycle Phase Analysis

Single Score Per Impact Category

SimaPro is my second LCA tool to analyse the enviornmental impact of the hair dryer and results are as follow: The use phase is the same as CES which is the greatest impact of all life cycle, but simapro noted more detailed than CES with per category. It can be seen that fossil fuels is the biggest proportion in this phase and it is maybe due to the thermal power.

Material and manufacture are both included in one phase in the simapro, and carcinogens that affect human health of environmental impact occupied more than half.

The impact of transport and disposal are too slight to not worth be mentioning.

As we can see it, there is the other bar chart below. It is classified in different categories by various environmental impact, such as carcinogens, respiratory organics and inoganics, etc.

Where the largest impact of material and manufacturing is carcinogens, ozone layer, ecotoxicity and minerals. On the other hand, climate change, radiation, acidification, fossil fuels, respiratory organics and inorganics is causing by the greatest environmental impact of use phase.

Characterisation

Weighting Per Impact Category

Components Normalisation Per Impact Category

In SimaPro data presented in a variety of ways, the left chart is the same as the last chart.

They all display in the same classification but in different types as percentage and weighting.

The former can be seen that the proportion occupied by each item, and the latter can be seen that the weight of each item occupies.

In my opinion, I would like the latter one, because it only can compare with other categories and see the gap between the data.

In the next chart named components normailisation per impact category, it use the same classification to analyse the individual component. As we can see, carcinogens is a one of the most striking in all categories, and cable is one of the most conspicuous parts in it. Furthermore, cable not only occupied more in carcinogens but also occupied more in respiratory organics, ecotoxicity and minerals.

The advantage of this chart is to compare the environmental impact of each part in various items. But the disadvantage is that too many colors with the project allows users illegible.

Components Single Score Per Impact Category

Network

Identifying The Impact of Components This figure is also shown by the multiplicity of menu, and the expression is the same as the last chart. However, this chart is more clearly show the parts of the environmental impact of their comparison. Therefore, this figure can be learned, the most giant impact are the motor and cable.

From the graph network in order to display the extent of the environmental damage, and the highest impact shown cable and followed through motor through heating element and body back. And Copper is one of the greatest harm to human health, which has the potential carcinogenic crisis.

The advantage of SimaPro is that has a flexible slection to choose a various multiple category to show the data. It more easily compare the every components and data than CES. The disadvantage is it combines material and manufacture process, that would not clearly define the impact from raw material or the process of manufacture. However CES do not have problem in this respect.

Based on the above comparison, CES analyse more clearly at all phases than SimaPro, and SimaPro analyse more detailed in every component with the environment and human health than CES.

6. Human Needs Met In fact, the original model of hair dryer was invented in 1890 by taking inspiration from the vacuum cleaner. It be invented for usage in hair salon in France and it was not portable or handheld. Nowaday, we can not only dry our hair and use with a variety of brushes and combs to achieve different hair styles but also can carry hair dryer travel everywhere.

Self-actualisation needs Creativity Both combine physiological and psychological needs to create a satisfied hair dryer to satisfy all sections of we needs.

Esteem Confidence Hair dryers allow to better control the shape and style of hair, it will make user confidence to show their best appearance.

Belonging needs Usability When the hair dryer will share with your familys and friends, the raise of the efficiency will enhance the love of each other.

Safty and Security needs Reliability Modern hair dryers use GFCI to prevent any power flowing into the device when a short-circuit is detected.

Physiological needs Functionality Hair dryer is an electromechanical device designed to blow cool or hot air over wet or damp hair, in order to accelerate the evaporation of water particles and dry the hair.

7. Suggested Eco Improvents Lower Impact Material Selections

Reducing the damage material usage The idea comes from public hand dryers, which are share with all users of toilet, and setting on the wall. Thus, due to this idea, the hair dryer will be setting on the wall in the bathroom to share with every family.

Advantage: It will remove the usage of cable, and reduce the environmental impact.

Disadvantage: It will also reduce the portability feature.

Design for Behaviour Change

Eco-feedback The hair dryer will give you any feedback, when you completely dry your hair. Or it is set to have a limited time. Maybe that will be a function to reduce the usage overtime, thus, drops the environmental impact down.

Advantage: Use phase has been the biggest culprit of environmental damage, now it is available to get relieve.

Disadvantage: The user will feel inconvenient, when he or she really did not blow completely.

Material Consumption Reduction

Minimising material and manufacture input There are 9 piece of components assembled to the body. If i can reduce the number of the parts, it would be also reduce the manufacturing processes and the assembled time. Some components be able to combine together, such as the front body and the handle.

Advantage: Reducing the manufacture can decrease the scraps and discarded materials.

Disadvantage: The handle do not be bent, it will cause not portable easily.

Energy Consumption Reduction

Minimising energy consumption during the use phase The highest impact is come from the large amount of power required for the heating element. I would like to improve this weakness. I saw the Dyson airblade, which is a good example to use a simple cold wind to dry the hands, is more efficient than the traditional hand dryer and more power saving. I would like to use the same function to dry the hair.

Advantage: Reduce the energy consumption is the best solution to improve environment.

Disadvantage: More likely to increase the volume of the product, the material may also be used to increase.

Resource conservation

Slecting renewable or can reuseable materials According to the analysis, the most harmful environment component are cable and motor in the hair dryer. But these materials are not easy to replace. Thus, I can use the renewable cable and motor or designed to be easily disassembled, so that it is easy to recycle.

Advantage: Reduce the harmful material consumption, increase the opportunies to recyle.

Disadvantage: Reused products may have an impact on the performance, if improved quality control requirements will increase personnel costs.

Product Life Optimisation

Facilitating repair The biggest problem in the hair dryer is the high temperature shutdown fault, of which the most important reason is that the hair blocked. To repair it is need to remove the filter, but unfortunately it is necessary to disassemble the entire hair dryer to clean the filter.

Advantage: Reducing the replacement rate to extend the life.

Disadvantage: Easily removing the filter may affect the safty of the product.

Design For Disassembly

Minimise the overall number of fasteners It is benefit from combined the body with bent handle that can reduce the complexity of the disassembly and assembly, but also simplifies the product structure and reduce material usage.

Advantage: Removing the joint not only can reduce material usage but also can reduce the failure rate.

Disadvantage: The volume of the package will be Increased, thus, the environmental impact of transport stages followed to increase.

Social Changes

Social tool Previous people went to blow the hair only in the beauty salon by professional stylists, but it also created other social spaces. Now, hair dryer can be a social tool to share with others in some public spaces, if it have some topicality of the function, such as a bizarre shape.

Advantage: Improve affinity, increase utilization.

Disadvantage: Unnecessary styling may increase manufacturing costs.

Emotionally Durable Design

Funny singer Its body is designed to be able to be fixed on the any broom or a pole, when user blowing hair can enjoy the fun of a star. It's aslo the function to reduce the burden of holding the handle.

Advantage: Because of removing the handle, the material output can be reduced.

Disadvantage: Unrealistic and unnecessary, not everyone in the family will just have pole. No one would want to blow the hair likes this way.

8. Redesign Proposal

Overview

Based on the above analysis and suggested eco improvements, and I will consider and address these factors into my redesign.

The Use Phase

Using the the air multiplier fan can be more energy efficient than conventional hair dryers because it does not use electric heating.

Design for energy consumption reduction.

The Material And Manufacture Phase

In LCA report, I found the cable is the greatest impact from material phase and it will seriously harm human health. So It is necessary to solve this problem.

In the manufacture phase, to many components will increase the process of manufacture and assembled time. Thus, some components be able to combine together can reduce this impact but also decrease the usage of material.

Minimising energy consumption

Removing the heating element, and just using the air fan to dry the hair.

Motor: 101,000rpm / 1000W same as Dyson AM06

Redesign the body

Modifies the outlet of the body to submit stronger wind.

Resource conservation

Using the recycled Copper cable can reduce damage to the environment and the human body.

Improved disassembly

1. Minimising the number of pieces of plastic body component will decrease material and manufacture input.

2. Removing the heating element.

3. Removing the joint not only reduce material usage but also reduce the failure rate.

Redesign the package

New package design can reduce the volume and reduce transportation costs.

4

1

8

9

3

10 2

5 7 6

11

9. New Inventory

1

Title: Right body Material: ABS Weight: 30g Process: Injection molding

5

Title: Botton Material: ABS Weight: 3g Process: Injection molding

Title: Motor 9 Material: Steel, copper, magnet Weight: 85g Process: Assembling

2

Title: Speicl nozzle Material: ABS Weight: 21g Process: Injection molding

6

Title: Screws Material: Stainless steel Weight: 1.8g Process: Impact extrusion & Rolling

Title: Wire 10 Material: Wire Weight: 2g Process: Wire drawing

3

Title: Left body Material: ABS Weight: 30g Process: Injection molding

Title: Switch Material: PP Weight: 12g Process: Injection molding

Title: Cable Material: Cable 11 Weight: 79g Process: Wire drawing

7

4

Title: Cover filter Material: ABS Weight: 4g Process: Injection molding

Title: Fan 8 Material: ABS Weight: 22g Process: Injection molding

10. CES Eco Audit Before Energy and CO2 Footprint Summary:

After Energy and CO2 Footprint Summary:

Energy (MJ)

Energy (%)

CO2 (kg)

CO2 (%)

Material

47.012

8.2

2.477

7.0

Manufacture

3.842

0.7

0.289

0.8

Transport

0.259

0.0

0.018

0.1

Phase

Energy (MJ) 39.878

Energy (%) 12.0

CO2 (kg) 2.143

CO2 (%) 10.5

Manufacture

1.920

0.6

0.144

0.7

Transport

0.182

0.1

0.013

0.1

289.780

87.3

18.057

88.7

Phase Material

Use

521.604

91.1

32.502

92.1

Use

Disposal

0.136

0.0

0.010

0.0

Disposal

0.092

0.0

0.006

0.0

100

Total (for first life)

331.852

100

20.363

100

End of life potential

-29.983

Total (for first life)

572.853

End of life potential

-7.235

100

35.295 -0.316

-1.555

Before Material Component

After Material Material

Recycled content* (%)

Part mass Qty. (kg)

Total mass processed** (kg)

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

Component

Material

Recycled content* (%)

Part mass (kg)

Qty.

Total mass processed** (kg)

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

Virgin (0%)

0.03

1

0.025

2.37

6.0

0.10

4.5

front body

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.055

1

0.055

5.22

11.1

0.21

8.5

right body

ABS (injection molding, platable)

styling nozzle

PC (copolymer, highheat)

Virgin (0%)

0.018

1

0.018

1.95

4.1

0.11

4.4

special nozzle

ABS (injection molding, platable)

Virgin (0%)

0.02

1

0.02

1.90

4.8

0.08

3.6

right handle

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.012

1

0.012

1.14

2.4

0.05

1.9

left body

ABS (injection molding, platable)

Virgin (0%)

0.03

1

0.025

2.37

6.0

0.10

4.5

body back

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.024

1

0.024

2.28

4.8

0.09

3.7

cover filter

ABS (injection molding, platable)

Virgin (0%)

0.00

1

0.004

0.38

1.0

0.02

0.7

cover filter

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.004

1

0.004

0.38

0.8

0.02

0.6

botton

ABS (injection molding, platable)

Virgin (0%)

0.00

1

0.003

0.28

0.7

0.01

0.5

left hander

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.015

1

0.015

1.42

3.0

0.06

2.3

switch

Power supply unit

Virgin (0%)

0.01

1

0.012

5.46

13.7

0.41

19.1

ABS (injection molding, platable)

Virgin (0%)

0.02

1

0.02

2.09

5.2

0.08

3.9

Fan

Virgin (0%)

0.07

1

0.07

17.30

43.4

0.82

38.2

front greating B botton

Carbon steel, AISI 1040, annealed

Virgin (0%)

0.002

1

0.002

0.05

0.1

0.004

0.1

fan

Carbon steel, AISI 1040, annealed

Virgin (0%)

0.003

1

0.003

0.08

0.2

0.005

0.2

motor

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.003

1

0.003

0.28

0.6

0.01

0.5

wire

Cable

Virgin (0%)

0.00

1

0.00

0.18

0.5

0.01

0.6

PTFE (unfilled)

Virgin (0%)

0.0005

1

0.0005

0.057

0.1

0.003

0.1

cable

Cable

Virgin (0%)

0.07

1

0.07

6.09

15.3

0.46

21.3

screw

Stainless steel, ferritic, AISI 430, wrought, annealed

Virgin (0%)

0.00075

4

0.003

0.235

0.5

0.01

0.5

plug

Plug, inlet and outlet

Virgin (0%)

0.01

1

0.01

1.39

3.5

0.06

2.9

spacer

ABS (medium-impact, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.0003

1

0.0003

0.03

0.1

0.001

0.0

screws

Low alloy steel, AISI 4135, normalized

Virgin (0%)

0.00

1

0.00

0.05

0.1

0.00

0.2

container h. element A

Low alloy steel, AISI 4135, normalized

Virgin (0%)

0.029

1

0.029

0.86

1.8

0.06

2.4

Total

12

0.26

39.88

100

2.14

100

container h. element B

Mica (p)

Virgin (0%)

0.003

1

0.003

0.0004

0.0

0.00002

0.0

insulating board

Mica (p)

Virgin (0%)

0.015

1

0.015

0.002

0.0

0.00012

0.0

Capacitor

Virgin (0%)

0.001

1

0.001

1.42

3.0

0.08

3.1

Power supply unit

Virgin (0%)

0.012

1

0.012

5.46

11.6

0.41

16.5

ABS (heat resistant, injection molding)

Virgin (0%)

0.018

1

0.018

1.71

3.6

0.07

2.8

Fan

Virgin (0%)

0.064

1

0.064

15.82

33.7

0.75

30.2

Low alloy steel, AISI 3140, normalized

Virgin (0%)

0.009

1

0.009

0.28

0.6

0.02

0.7

wire

Cable

Virgin (0%)

0.002

1

0.002

0.18

0.4

0.01

0.6

cable

Cable

Virgin (0%)

0.054

1

0.054

4.91

10.4

0.37

14.9

plug

Plug, inlet and outlet

Virgin (0%)

0.025

1

0.025

2.89

6.2

0.13

5.3

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR, unreinforced)

Virgin (0%)

0.004

1

0.004

0.35

0.7

0.015

0.6

27

0.38

47.01

100

2.48

100

whitling wheel

capacitance switch fan motor heating element

cable bent supporter Total

There are some comparison between before and after, It is obvious that the number of data has been changed.

Firstly, looking at the energy and CO2 footprint summary. The biggest change is the use phase from 521MJ down to 289MJ and 32kg down to 18kg, nearly half of the amount. It caused by the decreased electricity consumption.

In addition, it be particularly noted that the data of end of life potential increased that is related to the disposal phase, since some materials are modified to be recycled use.

From material chart can be noted, some parts of components be removed will decline 15 percent from 47MJ to 40MJ and 2.5kg to 2.1KG, it reduced the energy consumption and the impact of environment.

After Manufacture

Before Manufacture

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

0.03 kg

0.48

25.0

0.04

25.0

-

0.02 kg

0.38

20.0

0.03

20.0

Polymer molding

-

0.03 kg

0.48

25.0

0.04

25.0

cover filter

Polymer molding

-

0.00 kg

0.08

4.0

0.01

4.0

2.1

botton

Polymer molding

-

0.00 kg

0.06

3.0

0.00

3.0

0.02

7.8

fan

Polymer molding

-

0.02 kg

0.42

22.0

0.03

22.0

0.6

0.0017

0.6

screws

Extrusion, foil rolling

-

0.00 kg

0.02

0.9

0.00

0.9

0.00

0.0

0.00

0.0

Total

1.92

100

0.14

100

0.003 kg

0.03

0.9

0.003

0.9

-

0 kg

0.00

0.0

0.00

0.0

Polymer molding

-

0.003 kg

0.06

1.6

0.005

1.6

Polymer molding

-

0.0005 kg

0.01

0.3

0.0009

0.3

screw

Rough rolling, forging

-

0.003 kg

0.008

0.2

0.0006

0.2

spacer

Polymer molding

-

0.0003 kg

0.006

0.2

0.0005

0.2

Casting

-

0.029 kg

0.33

8.6

0.025

8.6

Polymer molding

-

0.018 kg

0.36

9.4

0.027

9.4

Wire drawing

-

0.009 kg

0.34

9.0

0.026

9.0

Polymer molding

-

0.004 kg

0.066

1.7

0.005

1.8

3.84

100

0.29

100

Process

% Removed

front body

Polymer molding

-

styling nozzle

Polymer molding

right handle

Energy (MJ)

%

CO2 footprint (kg)

%

0.055 kg

1.10

28.7

0.083

28.7

-

0.018 kg

0.39

10.2

0.03

Polymer molding

-

0.012 kg

0.24

6.3

body back

Polymer molding

-

0.024 kg

0.48

cover filter

Polymer molding

-

0.004 kg

left hander

Polymer molding

-

front greating A

Casting

front greating A

Amount processed

Process

% Removed

right body

Polymer molding

-

10.2

special nozzle

Polymer molding

0.018

6.3

left body

12.5

0.036

12.5

0.08

2.1

0.006

0.015 kg

0.30

7.8

-

0.002 kg

0.02

Cutting and trimming

-

0 kg

front greating B

Casting

-

front greating B

Cutting and trimming

botton whitling wheel

Component

container h. element A fan heating element cable bent supporter Total

Before Static Mode Energy input and output type Use location Power rating (W)

Component

Amount processed

Because of the reducing the number of parts, the impact of manufacture phase also certainly decrease in the same time. Although the figures are very low, but also less impact on the amount of nearly half.

It is worth mentioning that the data, which are in static mode chart below, be changed, because the relationship between the low power motor and reducing the usage time both are the reasons to decline the electricity consumption.

After Static Mode

Electric to mechanical (electric motors) United Kingdom 1200.00

Energy input and output type Use location Power rating (W)

Electric to mechanical (electric motors)

United Kingdom 1000.00

Usage (hours per day)

0.05

Usage (hours per day)

0.03

Usage (days per year)

360.00

Usage (days per year)

360.00

Product life (years)

3.00

Product life (years)

4.00

11. Improment & Conclusion Energy consumption

The new air fan system replace the traditional eletronic heating system will decline a large number of electricity, and also reduce the usage per time. Therefore, the energy consumption can be decreased.

Material and manufacture consumption

Total numbers of the component from 24 drop to 11, it is a huge improvment for the reducing the environmental impact.

At the same time the removed heating elements will decline the numbers of the component, too. Because fewer parts and manufacturing, assembly would be relatively easy, so people will improve the maintenance and usability.

Resource consumption

Using the recycled cable, and designed to be easily disassembled, so that it is easy to recycle.

Conclusion

CES is a quick tool to operate and easy to learn, the interface is friendly and every phase is clear to read. Simapro is a deteailed software, its identify any impact such as human health and resource. I can clearly analyse the individual component from their flexible menu. The comparision they provided is convenience to read.

CES is good software to analyse the whole product life cycle, but Simapro is good method to view the details of the various impact.

They are both good for me to use in this assignment. Through the use of these software, I specially learned how to choose the appropriate materials and processes to reduce the environmental impact, which is the great help for me in the future.

12. References http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Hair-Dryer.html http://www.dysonairblade.co.uk/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_dryer http://www.simapro.co.uk/ http://www.grantadesign.com/products/ecoaudit/