Manifestations of the city: Hanoi

manifestations of the city :

HANOI

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manifestations of the city :

hanoi

STUDIO PASOLA

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE 0 1, [ 2016 ] CENTER OF studies for ARCHITECTURE (COSA), UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA(UiTM)

Copyright Š 2016 by PASOLA STUDIO

All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher.

PASOLA STUDIO Urban Design Studio Master of Architecture 01 Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Puncak Alam Selangor, Malaysia

CONTENTS 13

PHUONG 1

10

PREFACE

14 28 40

PATTERN CITY: UNITY OF LOVE AND ROMANCE

133

134 154 166

M. A. Sued THE GNOSIS: EXPANDING THE KNOWLEDGE OF ARTS AND CRAFTS

N. H. Mustafa Kamal HYBRIDITY: NEW ECONOMIC PARADIGM IN HOAN KIEM DISTRICT

R. A. Ahmad Kamal

S. Mohd Sapian CREA-NOCT: CREATIVITY IS JUST CONNECTING THINGS

M. K. Ahmad Latfi

W. A. T. Wan Ahmad Jalil

181

PHUONG 4 ENSEMBLE URBAN MOTLEY: ‘X’ SPOT STIMULUS TOWARDS ART AND CULTURE MARKET NEIGHBOURHOOD

RHYTHM AND PATTERN OF URBANISM: MAPPING THE CULTURAL CATALYST

PHUONG 5

182 192

PARISIAN GRACE WITH VIETNAM PACE

F. F. Zulkipli EDU-CREATIVE HUB: EMBELLISHING THE CITY THROUGH INNOVATION AND CREATIVE FIELD

N. M. K. Mohd Izhari

89

49

PHUONG3

PHUONG 2

50 60 76

THE LIVEABLE CITY : EXPRESSIONISM IN THE NGO GACH STREETS OF HANOI

N. S. Nazli CREATIVE CAPSULE : LAVISHING ENTERTAINMENT HAVEN BY INVIGORATING HANOI OLD QUARTER AS A CREATIVE CITY

N. F. S. Ahmad Nazri LIVING MUSEUM: PRESERVING AND TRANSMITTING KNOWLEDGE

N. M. H. Khidzir

203

URBAN HANGOUT: REMAKING THE CULTURE

90

A. F. I. Abd Wahab

104 122

NOSTALGIC REINVIGORATION: MAPPING THE URBAN ART AND PERFORMANCE SPACE

M. A. I. Azman CREATIVE MILIEUX : RETHINKING CULTURE AND HERITAGE AS CATALYST FOR CREATIVE COMMUNITY

M. S. A Rahim

PHUONG 6

204

REDEFINING THE FRENCH QUARTER: DINH LE STREET REJUVENATION PROJECT

I. Mohsin

220

BOOSTING THE CATALYSER: HANOI OPERA HOUSE

230

NEXUS BIOMIMICRY: JUXTAPOSITION OF NODES

M. F. Aziz

M. F. H. Ghazali

246

CONTRIBUTORS

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Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

|9

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EDITORIAL BOARD CHIEF EDITOR SS Zubir

EDITORS Fairuz Reza Razali Zaharah Yahya Jamsyid Idrus Fairus Kholid Hazirah Hamzah Nadia Fathin Syahira

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 11

PREFACE For this semester March-July 2016 the Masters of Architecture students at UiTM visit Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam to work on the urban structure of these cities. Both cities are remarkable in their own ways—even among Asian cities—in their experimental use of public space that broadens the traditional notion of a living city and suggests innovative, contemporary solutions for place making. They reorder our perception of the city and its institutions, and socializes the urban condition.

The cities’ many voids, are utilized at their maximum capacities and extensive interconnected green spaces adorn their public realms.

This Advanced Urban Design Studio challenges the postgraduate students to demonstrate the understanding and ability to design and conceptualize an architectural/ urban project in their selected cities, with the emphasis on inserting small size urban incubators that contain programmes reflecting the potentialities of these spaces.

The propose spaces could be anything from media or film spectacles to small neighbourhood festivals and public viewing together with housing acupuncture.

This studio will advance the student’s ability to experiment, to create their own or group ¬defined conceptual approaches and to develop a novel and original project that reflects the student’s freedom within an engaged discursive environment. The scale of the student’s intervention differs radically from the previous urban design studio and demands a new and innovative architecture that is able to respond to the fluid and amorphous condition of public space. Cross programming, new adaptable structures for the public, novel systems of transport and goods delivery are addressed in the urban design the student produce in this semester for the two cities in Vietnam.

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Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 13

Phuong 1

14 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Rhythm and pattern of urbanism; Mapping the cultural catalyst S.M Sapian

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying. Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract In a parcel of Hanoi, the urban fabric provides historical spatial background and in respect due to the heritage image of the area, designer easily encouraged culture related such as ‘cultural quarter’ model for urban regeneration or redevelopment.

The area is in need of an urban cultural catalyst that will revive the area with business, and cultural activities. The potential of the site lays within the cultural aspect more significantly the history of artistic expression in the parcel as well as now, a host for the Hanoi’s Sound Festival for every year. The parcel will undertake an idea of reviving scenes of historical settings and new imaginative artistic spaces for example performance spaces for community that are both the performer and audience. Beside that, evening economy and activity, public art, cafe culture and street life need to be strong and supported by technology, sustainability, and creative art to promote local image and identity. It will help in creating a rhythm and pattern of urbanism. The new ‘urban rhythm and patterns’ scenario will be place that breed’s creative community and becomes re-branded into sustainable and resilient parcel as the third space. Therefore this project intends to review on how the third space can enhance and improve the cultural and heritage ambience of the site and how the activities in these spaces can portrays the correct and ideal image and identity of the site. The formula includes urban stage as ‘the projector’ and becoming nodes connected through ‘the row’. This formula aims to be the catalyst, and as a chain in order to re-generate Hanoi through new programs of cultural contextualization.

Keywords: Third space, urban stage, rhythm and pattern of urbanism, cultural catalyst

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 15

1

Introduction

Hanoi is the political capital of Vietnam and their national motto (Freedom, Independence & Happiness). To reflect their motto, Vietnam fought hard to maintain these values in the various wars throughout its history with China, France, and U.S. Nowadays, toward Hanoi’s vicinity 2030, to become one of the most liveable, sustainable, and attractive world capital cities by 2050. A major part of the plan calls for strict preservation of the historic structures and precincts, tree-line streets, riverbanks and lakes and other features that make Hanoi an inherently beautiful and livable city. Therefore, sustaining their way of life and independence has been a central philosophy all along. Hanoi needs to expand the ideas of sustainability to by 4 pillars of sustainability; economic, environmental, social and cultural sustainability.

2

Site Setting

The parcel of this area is a part of the original grid of Hanoi, Vietnam. When Hanoi became the capital of the Union of Indochina, the French colonial Hanoi has planned in the direction of a western-style urban. Located within blocks of architectural planning, Phan Dinh Phung street hosts the cultural activities as well as businesses ran by the people around that area. The people adapted the shop houses living circumstances; living over their store. It is also a part of festival routes such as Hanoi Sound Stuff Festival. Consist of historical attraction, Hang Dau Water Tank as the first water tank that distribute water around Hanoi’s city and Van Xuan Park. The park used by local to mingle around especially during weekends. Now, gentrification has mostly taken over these cultural places. Some authentic cultural and heritage remains in this site and has the potential to be levitating for making a successful tourism destination in the future.

Figure 1(a): Key plan of Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi City

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Figure 1(b): Figure ground

3

Figure 1(c): Site parameter

Potentials and Dilemmas

The site holds a very authentic cultural identity. However, many buildings that erected were of the modern character and do not reflect the former image of the area. Even the existing local ambience is weak, looks latent, functioning monotonously and no attractive storefronts. The case of gentrification has mostly taken over the site where intensity in the urban setting is only seen during peak hours of the day or during the festival season. These caused lack of night life with less and less people on the street during night, shambles public program and communal area, create less quality of environment and the absence of interesting activities to participate in.

However, the site has the biggest potential to be revitalized, reclaimed, and rebranded as a prosperous living and future tourism spot. The existing park (Van Xuan Park) and historical Hang Dau Water Tank as a potential to act as a cultural catalyst toward its surrounding. The lively street life along the site will help to contribute to the vertical and horizontal grain of the site. But, what new program to be injected, what activities to be organised and what economy grains that need to be emphasized is the real dilemma to ensure a correct and ideal local image and identity can be projected.

Figure 2: Potential open public spaces + mix-used shop houses

Figure 3: Potential performance spaces + Public ground floor

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 17

4

Theory

4.1 Third Space In urban sociology for community building, there were three types of spaces were described. The theory suggested the first place is the real space, where the urban built form of physical buildings that can be mapped and seen. The second space is the ‘imagined’ representational space, such as how the space is perceived, seen and argued over. The third space takes this thinking further. It is a combination of First and Second spaces to create a fully lived space, a social space, a place of new potential and possibilities, it is connected. This is where culture and art really begin. The third space as an anchor; where community is built and facilitate in order to create a creative interaction. It is also an ambiguous area that develops when two or more individuals or cultural interact. [1] In order for the community to meet and create an interaction, a neutral ground must be provided in which we all feel safe, comfortable and may come and go and no one required playing host. The main activity in this third space shall be conversation where a neutral ground provide a place and levelling set the stage for this sustaining activity; conversation [1]. The space shall be fully accessible and accommodate. It will only be a space unless the right people come to make it alive and later they will become the regular. The regular may once be a newcomer, and the acceptance of the newcomers is essential to sustain a vitality of the space. In built form, the third space is typically plain. To attract a mass of people from different culture, the third spaces is more likely never bold; not to impress but more towards the preferences of cleanliness and modernity. This space shall provide a joyful and playful mood where ones can relieve their stress, alienation and anxiety.

The third space is remarkably similar to a good home for psychological comfort and support that it extends [1].

4.2 Urban Stage Transcript A student from Architectural Association School of Architecture, Saki Ichikawa explored the idea of urban public performance spaces for street culture through contextualise. It helps to configure the city of London in the context of visitor, performer and observer. The visitors has the viewpoints for the city, the performer senses the city as a performance spaces, meanwhile, the stage set designer investigates the quality of spaces, street performance spaces. [3]. As a conclusion that the public spaces are multitude in quality, as it becomes a space to rest, gather for the community.

4.3 City as Culture Makers According to the Amy Koritz, which is an urban performer and a writer, she claimed that city as an organization of the culture makers. Through the urban performances, the community will experience economy grains through urban scene and re-imagining the strip of the city. Art and cultural activities and program must be encouraged along the path [4].

18 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 4.4 Prosody, the Rhythm and Pattern of Urbanism Prosody; song sung to music; tone or accent of a syllable’. These contribute to tone, and rhythm of music. In urbanism context, it related to the sound’s pattern and rhythm of the urban area. It can be relate to the site context, as the site is a festival route for Hanoi Sound Stuff Festival annually. Through this, it will act as central activity point, ‘Cultural Catalyst’ and a core of activities distribution toward the area. It will set-up the pattern of the city; strong senses of place and exciting community.

These theories gave birth to the idea of re-inventing the parcel through performance spaces, forma and informal and mapping the spaces in the public realm and the built environment. The performativity and connectivity must tie strongly to the culture, and routine of the people in that particular area.

Figure 5: Diagram of design theory related with the concept

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5

Thesis Statement

Based on the theory above, the first step to revitalise the site is by using a culturalled regeneration as a model and injecting them into third spaces named the row.

The formula includes urban stage as ‘the projector’ and becoming nodes connected through ‘the row’. The main and primary program shall use creative and cultural as a basis to attract the Hoan Kiem’s community especially in Hang Dau area. The creative and cultural program will act as an anchor for the row to accommodate and enhance the local activities and amenities as well as main event space to support local festival and celebrations i.e. Hanoi Sound Festival. All this later will be connected together along the street and all public realms, which will also act as local informal ‘lounge’ to increase social cohesion and at the same time as way finding to the other anchor. Other than cultural and creative program, other programs such as recreational, leisure and entertainment will be strategically injected into the row to improve the local environment as well as to cater to the local demands. The daily activities, the on-goings and passers-by occur at these ‘lounge’ will actually portrays the local life and routine. This is how the local culture is enhanced. It is through the local daily routine that a culture will emerge and enhance and later will portrays the correct and ideal image and identity of the site.

6

Hypothesis

The area is in need of an urban cultural-catalyst that will revive the site. The potential of the site lies within the cultural aspect significantly on the artistic expressions. This parcel will undertake an idea of reviving historical setting plus imaginative performance and artistic spaces. The idea is to provide an interactional and responsive space for community and cultural development. By injecting a third space named the row, it will facilitate and accommodate variety of local activities and social flexibility through space utilization. The merging of performance, art and historical setting spearing a harmonious urban revitalisation for the city.

Figure 6(a): Diagram of hypothetical program

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Figure 6(b): Diagram of hypothetical program

7

Parameters & Strategies

The potential nodes, landmark will be identified at the site basing on the issues and potential of the surrounding site context. Retrofitting, refurbish, rebranding and adaptive reuse are some method to reclaim back the underutilised space for common uses. These spaces will be injected with new primary programs and act as an anchor to facilitate and accommodate the local activities and festivals. Then, the smaller program will be added around the potential nodes to support the anchor and also act as a local lounge; informal gathering spaces for local community. After that, the ground level will be unified through the strategic placement of smaller programs to activate the ground plane at macro level. Finally, the programs identify each parcel will be establish a link of connected nodes that forms ‘The Row’. It will create and enhance the local identity and culture.

8

Design Framework

Vertical expansion at some buildings and spaces are encouraged to improve value and allow diversification of programs and activities. The nodes and activation of the ground plane will be connecting and form a link in order to help people accessibility to the site an commons, by improving the social cohesion, liveability and vibrancy of the place. Through reclamation of the underutilised space, various diverse primary and secondary uses will be injected, providing various operation hours allowing multi diverse services especially during at night. Any potential space shall be opened up to encourage spaces for entertainment, and leisure that will be injected with cultural and creative activities to improve the existing culture for better ambience

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9

Design Intervention

9.1 Third Space: Rhythm and Pattern of Urbanism As mention before, to make the site successfully revitalised, the site will use culture and creative as basis through the smaller program by adding around the potential nodes to support the anchor and also act as a local lounge; informal gathering spaces for local community. These nodes were studied by borrowing the urban stage transcript idea and concluded in a recurring model illustrated in the compilation in Fig.7. These typologies would then be applied into the nodes creating spaces (Third spaces) for events and festivals that help to trigger rhythm and pattern of urbanism.

Figure 7: Drawings analysing the nodes to produce a recurring model

22 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 9.2 Third Space: Mapping the Cultural Catalyst The physical instrument of mapping the cultural catalyst that be implemented into urban environment by through hybrid re-organisation of program in the built environment and public spaces. The tools include ‘re-organising programs’ such as creating active storefronts and allowing for public realms on ground floor as well as introducing vertical diversity [5].

In order to mapping a cultural catalyst, there are an urban tools that is extracted from the site study, whereby the potential of the site lies in the existing program of creative, performativity and festival. This, under the idea from Urban Stage Transcript of mapping the ‘urban stage’, that will utilises existing streets, park, and ground floor of shop houses.

The social instrument aims in ‘engaging creative community’ and to ‘enliven socioeconomy’. This includes creating a creative community as patrons to the ideal of the performativity and culture spaces that attracting young professionals and tourist as tenants in the parcel.

These strategies lead to the formation of three main ideas, ‘The Urban-stage’, ‘The Row’, and ‘The Projector’. The conceptions of these ideas are based on the study of theories on urban regeneration of the city and form a third space for the site.

The ‘Urban-stage’ is a collective of nodes that identified on site potential of becoming performance and multi-functional spaces (art and culture). These nodes will serve as the main part of the map known as the ‘The-Row’ which consist of street culture of public art as well as function as public realm for the community and connected the nodes. Meanwhile, ‘The Projector’ will be the main attraction to the site, it is a main venue for the performances and festivals and act as cultural catalyst to the site. This is due to the potential of the site as a venue for every year festival, which is Hanoi Sound Festival.

Figure 8: Identified potential nodes to be incorporated with the typologies of urban stage and cultural catalyst.

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9.3 Typologies These site detailed typologies, Fig to Fig, are based from the analysed typologies incorporated on site with respect to the urban fabric, culture and values. The accumulation of these typologies connect the parcel together on creating an urban pattern and rhythm that may become a model to shift the paradigm of the whole site to become reinvented as a cultural catalyst of Hanoi Town’s urban fabric.

HANG THAN STREET Theatre + The Row

HOE NHAI STREET Mixed use building + Public realm + The Row

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QUAN THAN STREET Public Realm Typology + Performance Spaces + Festival Venue

HANG DAU STREET Street Food (Food Stall Structure)

Figure 9: Typologies of urban performances spaces and multi-functional space creating the Urban-Stage

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PHAN DINH PHUN STREET The Projector (Mini-theatre) + Public Realm

Figure 10: The Projector as the main venue for cultural event and festival, also act as the cultural catalyst

Figure 11: The Row that connect the cultural and performances spaces.

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10 Conclusion Most of the urban areas that consist of authentic cultural context chose to redevelopment using cultural-led regeneration model such as Cultural Quarters.

Therefore, the injection of programs also known as third spaces is essential to liven up the ambience for the site to be successfully revitalised. The community is encouraged and the authentic culture of the community is demonstrated. Through this approach, it will help the areas to become more vibrant and where the culture will be flourish, enhanced, formed, reformed, and constantly in the state of becoming.

Figure 12: View of the overall proposed site

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11 References [1] Ray Oldenburg, 1991. The Character of Third Places in The Great Good Place, Marlowe & Company, Ed. New York, US: Da Capo Press, eh. 2, pp.20-42.

[2] Montgomery, J., 2003. Cultural Quarters as Mechanism for Urban Regeneration, Part 1: Conceptualising Cultural Quarters, Planning, Practice & Research, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 293-306.

[3] Ichikawa, S., 2011. Urban Public Theatre, Architectural Association School of Architecture. Available at: http://www.sakihayashi.com/?portfolio=urban-public-theatre-episode[retrieved on: 14th April 2016] [4] Koritz, A., 2008. Culture Makers: Urban Performance and Literature in1920’s, Combined Academic Publisher LTD, pp. 135-154.

[5] Broadbent, G., 1990. Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design, New york: Van Nostrand Reinhold (International).

[6] Bentley, i., Alcock, A., Murrain, P., McGlyn, S., Smith, G., 1985.

Responsive enviroments: A Manual for Designer, London: Architetcure Press.

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Crea-Noct: Creativity is just Connecting Things M . K. Latfi

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract Undisturbed and preserve in the Old Quarter, Hanoi. Protection is now not limited to specific styles anymore, but based on a critical evaluation of the existing building stock. The conflict between the preservation of the character of existing historic towns and “change” has formed the central argument for preservation.

Today, the symbiosis of both tourism and heritage places has become a major objective in the management and planning of historic area. The area is reform as a creative and leisure program area. Most of the site is develop for event area, gallery, office, studio, workshop, café, commercial and festivities that encourage the tourism success attraction. The focus on built festival heritage transformation as part of urban restructure development is the main concern of this project.

Keywords: heritage, levitate, art, festivities.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 29

1

Introduction

Figure 1: Front Dong Xuan Market Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city [1]. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts and 7 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. The number of population in 2015 was estimated at 7.7 million people. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945), but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War. The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is 1,760 km (1,090 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City and 120 km (75 mi) west of Hai Phong city. Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital lies in the North of the country and is one of the country’s top tourist hot spots. It offers French-colonial architecture, a rich food culture and a long history (the city celebrated its millennium in 2010)[2]. The most well-known and important districts in Hanoi are Ba Dinh a.k.a the Old Quarter which is considered the city’s business hub and main tourist destination. This area need well designation of public activity facilities to appreciate the power of people who catalyse the main activity according to Jepson E. [3]. This will ensure the encouragement of people density, business economy, environ oriented spacious and to extend the new urban levitation in Hanoi. Public space is enhanced to balance the society in order to achieve the vision Great Hanoi 2050 [4]. The visions in the Special Area Plan of Hanoi to create a dynamic historic living city shall be realize and enhance through an improvement from the framework and strategy [5]. In essence, Hanoi aim is need to focus on emerging as creative city, Christopher S. T. explain, with interrogation of heritage value through the embarkment of festival city which promote heritage, tourism, leisure, art and vibrancy of economy. [6]

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2

Site Setting

Dong Xuan Market, or Cho Dong Xuan, is the oldest and largest market in Hanoi [7]. It is located at Dong Xuan Street, at the end of Hang Dao Street, on the northern part of the Old Quarters. The original building was constructed in 1889, on the site of one of Hanoi's lakes. It is a street market spreading over a surface of 600 square meters, occupying half of the street. Approximately fifty businesses are operating the forty stands selling food, artifacts, souvenirs and tour packages among others [8].

If you want to shop and at the same time peeping into the corridors of history, then Dong Xuan Market in Hanoi is the place for you. This large multi-storeyed market sells anything and everything. From fresh foods to home appliances, you will have it all here [9]. But, what is more fascinating about this market is its historical significance which you still can experience if you visit this place. It witnessed fierce battle between the Vietnamese resistance units and the French. Dong Xuan Market is also a historical place where there was a combat of soldiers of “Quyết tử quân” (“Deciding to die”) against the French attack to the heroic zone I, in February 1947. Being the biggest market and locating in the downtown, Dong Xuan Market is a crowded and bustling exchanging, transaction, business place of the capital.

It was built in 1889, in the basis of combination and removal of two markets, Cau Dong and Bach Ma on the shore of River. It was positioned in area of Dong Xuan Ward with 5 vaults like roofs, steel frames ;each frame is 52m long, 19m high supplying area for hundreds of goods [10].

Figure 2.0 Key plan of Dong Xuan Market

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Figure 2.1: Figure ground

3

Figure 2.2: Land use

Potentials and Dilemmas

Cho Dong Xuan Market is one of the most popular markets among local and tourist. It is well known as main market in Hanoi which full of commercial shops, food destination, and art aesthetic heritage value. The magnetic attraction of the street itself results of density of people activities especially along the Hang Giay Street that supported the economic enhancement of the area. The development of Cho dong Xuan Market was congested and cramp nowadays. Thus, the existing development of its unutilized back of market, the disclamation of operational shop lots and the scarcity of open space area required to be develops into a leisure and commercial maturation. This shall rejuvenate the variety of new public activities.

Corresponding with Hanoi 2030 Vicinity’s to establish a vision for the Hanoi City to become one of the most LIVEABLE, SUSTAINABLE and ATTRACTIVE world capital cities by 2030 [11]. Therefore, the occurrences of existing road design divergent and pedestrian public design likely to be restructured to achieve more proper public street efficiency. The absence of green sustainability approach is really visible in the area. The site area is lack of means in cooling affect due to lack of trees along the street thus making and displeasing view of landscape view.

The attention towards the main street Hang Giay Street also needs to be diverging also towards the secondary street such as Hang Khoai and Hang Chieu.

The potentials of Cho Dong Xuan Market is obviously the main market itself with the substantial of open space area that exist as motor parking space, empty back lanes and empty footpaths. Due to this site potential, a fresher, development shall manage to be progress. The vertical increment of the existing lots volume will reshine the existing heritage of category II building. Hybridization of replacement, infill and category II building horizontally to create a larger occupy space for the possibility of lodging and commercial activities program injection. The rising of international visitors in Hanoi increase year by year. Therefore, the art and culture program invented in the area shall also include the international culture activity in such international country to attract more interest towards their origin of culture.

The collaborator shall manage to cooperate with the international body from those countries to perform or involve in the activity of festivities in the area.

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4

Theory

When culture is shared and evolve, tourism and heritage will be coexisting. These existences shall encourage the revenue generator which shall sustain the conservation and preservation of the culture itself in heritage manner. This proposition of heritage, tourism and planning seems to differ but it leads to a conclusion that seems reasoning towards one conclusion of this trio of theory shall enhance this project development according to Noha N [12]. “The relationship between planning, heritage and tourism is one of paradox”, John Urry, Sociologist.

Tourism activities induce in a spatial transformation processes. Morphology of space, physical structure, functional patterns and public space usage is the contributor for the process as stated by Aspa G [13]. Diversity in tourist activities will promote a physical impact in the environment and atmosphere of the city itself.

Thus the need of tourist as such as a facility of hotel, retail, food, services, street and infrastructure must cope in relevance of the activities of tourism in the place [14]. Heritage becomes a consumer product susceptible to a selection process restricted by the choice, fashion, and taste of internal organization involved in the The concept of creativity, innovative and imagination is being emphasize in this project as conceptual program to capitalize and nurturing the activity as formation of festivities series of event in emerging the levitation of festival tourism city of Hanoi.

“Creativity is contagious, pass it on” – Albert Einstein [15] This is all about creativity, imagination & innovation. In order to be creative, you need to be able to view things in new ways or from a different perspective. Among other things, you need to be able to generate new possibilities or new alternatives.

Tests of creativity measure not only the number of alternatives that people can generate but the uniqueness of those alternatives. the ability to generate alternatives or to see things uniquely does not occur by change, it is linked to other, more fundamental qualities of thinking, such as flexibility, tolerance of ambiguity or unpredictability, and the enjoyment of things heretofore unknown So the first thing to be remembered: don't confine creativity to anything in particular. Creativity refers to the utilization of imaginative thinking or ideas to produce a work of art. Creativity is the ability to take your energy and create something remarkable. Artist use both their creativity and imagination to make art.

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Figure 4.0: Imagination, Creative and Innovative

Figure 4.1: Creative City concept

Figure 4.2: Diagram of Creative City

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5

Thesis Statements

5.1 Improving the Vitality of the Street through Physical Activities Allowing pedestrian and users to experience different rhymes, paces and capabilities of locomotion by enhancing the programme on site. Locomotion stands for ‘local’ (place) and ‘motion’ (movement), which is defined by the ability or power to move from one place to place but also self-propelled movement. In other words, instead of becoming just a transit space to work or other destinations, to create moments of stopping, pausing and slow and fast paces in liminal places of transition and spaces in between buildings by triggering the curiosity and interest of the pedestrian. By this approach, the site would gain more human presence and social interactions thus an increase in vitality.

5.2 Role of Innovation in Urban Restructure Innovation is a new idea, more effective device process. Innovation can be viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements; unarticulated needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies or ideas that are readily available to markets, government and society. The term innovation can be defined as something original and more effective and as a consequence, new that “breaks into” the market or society. The goals can address the needs of the surrounding community by emphasizing activities that incorporate the interests of local, residents, school and neighbourhood organization [16].

6

Hypothesis

The design aimed is to restore innovation lifestyle in the community, the design carefully thought on how cities can revitalize their public, social and economic life and cultural activity or the creative economy might help this process.

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7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework A structure idea essential underlying the urban restructure system in this project.

Elevate maximum development, settled maximum potential development of the site from its infill, replacement and its open spacey thereby increasing commercial value and activity on site. Brighten up back of cities with an intensified lane, parking spaces, blocks, alley behind Main Street, back of the house aim to be relived in active and engage courtyard, wooer and patio entered by pedestrian and bikers. Approaching the potential spot of vegetation upmost prospective, to ensure a greatness of the sustainable green city roaring by the state vision.

Networking with a bigger picture, making a city connection between neighbourhood and city place by creating an integrated network of social pocket such as walkaway and transportation systems. Intensifying the web work of city, grow the population of living and working as for replacing to identify underdeveloped points of site with idyllic sustainable of mixed use system with carefully thought the existing successful activity programs.

Figure 7.0: Diagram of framework design

36 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

7.2 Strategy Innovation city concept will be used as the framework of this development strategy.

In this strategy, there will be two main structures to be use such as the spreading of innovation knowledge and mixed innovation.

In the spreading of innovation recognize, a multi development of innovation facilities and program intended for the city growing urban restructure will be disperse and manoeuvre by local and tourist.

The first imitation of innovation design strategy is the urban innovator operation as operating centre to manage various innovation program and facilities for the city.

The innovation lab included offices, exhibition centre, event space and public event area (social pocket) which will occupy the harmonious creative and innovation program in the city development.

Market The Dong Xuan Market as it is commonly known to the public includes both the streets market and the wet market that is located within the building. However, the existence of these unlicensed traders on the street around the market threatens the livelihood of those located within the building. Therefore there some recommendations to overcome this issue; legalise on-street vendors at Dong Xuan Street, Hang Do Street and regulate market activity.

Figure 7.1: Street vendor at Hand Do Street

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 37

Pedestrian Shades or Coverings Shades or covering at Hang Do Street could be installed either partially of fully for the convenience of the pedestrians and the street market.

Figure 7.2: Illustration of covered pedestrian

7.3 Hypothetical Programs

Figure 7.3: Diagram of hypothetical programs

38 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

8

Conclusion

Old quarter need to be able to adapt to the future. A resilience of place can be and should be embedded into the urban fabric through innovative policy prescription and design choices. As design thinking becomes more and more engrained in the way we make decisions at the municipal level we will live in communities where buildings, neighbourhoods, districts and cities can perform at their highest level of capacity. The current pursuits of many of our most creative cities are leading us in that direction. Cities as a Lab is at its heart a guidebook for other city leaders that would like to also make places that are more innovative and liveable for future generations. Looking back to Old Quarter, Hanoi, we realized that year by year people are coming to experience the appreciation of heritage in the area. The city is merged with the existing heritage that had been restructured with a strategic enhancement plan. Innovation program that coalesce with the heritage element shall form a fresher and new-fangled urban environment for the efficiency of the city. People of modern days are losing the power innovation. Re-imagining spaces from institutional/libraries to commercial buildings to public pockets to what it means to be an office itself, is helping to change the way people interact with each other. It is transforming all of the spaces inside and outside of the buildings where we spend our lives. In addition, sharing is in and pure occurring at the same time cultural needs are shifting. Finally, people still want some “things� but they crave special, unforgettable and communal experiences.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 39

9

References [1] Hanoi (2016)in Wikipedia.Availableat:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[2] French colonial architecture in Hanoi (2012) Available at: https://juraphotos.com/2012/02/02/french-colonial-architecture-in-hanoi/ (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[3] Jepson, Edward J. 2001. Sustainability and planning: Diverse concepts and close associations. Journal of Planning Literature 15, 4: 499-510.

[4] 2016 (2000) Capital Masterplan by 2030 / vision for 2050. Available at: http://www.skyscrapercity.com/ (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[5] almec corporation, nippon koel co, Ltd and yachiyo engineering co, Ltd (2007)the comprehensive urban development programme in hanoi capital city of the socialist republic vietnam. Edited by japan international cooperation agency and hanoi people’s committe. vietnam: hanoi people’s committee.

[6] Christopher S. T., Urban Entertainment Destinations: A Developmental Approach for Urban Revitalization, 2003.

[7] Hanoi (2016) in Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi#Old_Quarter (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

[8] Hanoi’s old quarter: The 36 streets (1994) Available at: http://thingsasian.com/story/hanois-old-quarter-36-streets (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[9] Beauty, V. (2008) Dong Xuan Market, a busy trade center in Hanoi.

Available at: http://www.vietnam-beauty.com/cities/ha-noi/4-ha-noi/245dong-xuan-market-a-busy-trade-center-in-hanoi.html (Accessed: 10 June 2016).

[10] Đồng Xuân market (2016) in Wikipedia.

Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xu%C3%A2n_ Market (Accessed: 10 June 2016).

[11] vninsight (2011) Master plan of Vietnam’s capital - Hanoi - in 2030 and beyond. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOGz6aiZN0I (Accessed: 12 June 2016).

[12] Noha N., Planning for Urban Heritage Places: Reconciling Conservation, Tourism, and Sustainable Development, 2003.

[13] Aspa G., Urban Design, Urban Space Morphology, Urban Tourism: An Emerging New Paradigm Concerning Their Relationship, 2001, European Planning Studies, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2001.

[14] Philip L P., Laurie M., Eric B., Evolution Of The Backpacker Market And The Potential For Australian Tourism, Sustainable tourism CRC, 2009.

[15] Baer, D. (2015) In 1982, Steve Jobs presented an amazingly accurate theory about where creativity comes from. Available at: http://www.businessinsider.my/steve-jobs-theory-of-creativity-2015-2/ (Accessed: 15 June 2016) [16] Danish Architecture Centre, “Sustainable Cities Cases: Amsterdam Smart City,” November 26, 2012, http://www.dac.dk/en/dac-cities/sustainablecities-2/all-cases/energy/amsterdam-smart-city/

40 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Pattern City: Unity Of Love And Romance.

W.A.T Wan Jalil

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract Love and romance cannot be separated. They were completing each other in various ways. Intangibility of love can be reflected by the tangible-ness of romance. That is why love cannot stand alone without romance neither to romance cannot make their decisions without love. In order to gain their unity, these elements have their own patterns and movements. In conducting the methodology, this paper focus on the pattern of couples surviving their love and romance skills until they can reach the immortality of getting love and being romantic. This can be seen in how their memories taken by the nostalgias in reflections to their movement and the city pattern itself. Every couples will be dreaming on getting lost and drawn in their own pattern of romance and how they creates neither renewing their vows on their own expressions. Every couple definitely will be coming and repeating it over and over again. Thus, they will always fall in love over and over again.

Keywords: Love, romance, romantic, pattern, movement, unity, tangible, intangible, immortality, couples, elements.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 41

1

Introduction

Covering an area of more than 900 sq/km and with a population of over six million (and countless motorbikes to match), Hanoi is the second largest city in Vietnam.

Previously known as Thang Long, it was named Hanoi in 1831 at a time when Hue was the capital. Large areas of present-day Hanoi were built during the French occupation and are reflected in its broad boulevards and French-inspired architecture, which bestows a unique charm on the city. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, along with China, Cuba, and Laos, is one of the world’s four remaining one party socialist states officially espousing communist. One of the most unique parts in Ha Noi is their cultural and society life, they are very interesting. Many of the well-known Vietnamese painters, musicians and writers have been trained in the best schools of Ha Noi.

Figure 1(a) & (B) scenic environment of Ha Noi from past and present (Source: http://greatviet.blogspot.my/)

2

Site Setting

Ba Đình is an urban district of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Ba Dinh is the political center of Vietnam. Most of the government offices and embassies are located here. It was formally called the ‘French Quarter’ (Khu pho Pháp), a name that is still used in travel literature.

Running parallel to the Quan Thanh street, is the Phan Dinh Phung Street stretch up to 1.4 km starting from Hang Cot Street to Mai Xuan Thuong street, that cut across the intersection of Hoang Dieu street, Nguyen Canh Chan street and Hung Vuong street. During the French colonial revolution they called the street as Carnot Boulevard. Then after the August Revolution, the name changed to the revolutionary patriot Phan Dinh Phung. He was the leader of Ha Tinh insurgents fighting against the French for 10 years under the reference of contraction Can Vuong of King Ham Nghi. Phan Dinh Phung died on 28th Dicember 1895 at Quat Mountains in the Truong Son.

42 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 2 Site Plan of Phan Dinh Phung Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi

3

Potentials and Dilemmas

Potential on getting love, dilemma for being romantic. What is love? Love is feelings, senses, emotional. It is something very intangible, no one can see it, touch it, smells it, feel it except the owner of the love souls. This happened only on one sides. Love is an act of individuality. But, love can be express with an action that called romantic. Romantic is an act, a step by step that being express by sense of love. It is something very tangible, we can see it, touch it, smells it, even the act of romance also can be judge thru the emotion of crying of happiness or sad. There are too many ways to be romantics, but the act of romantics also have their positive and negative effect depends on the expressionist and how does other appreciates on what you are expressing. Love and romance is like yin and yang. They complete each other on their own pattern and movement.

Beauty and art is a most popular in Phan Dinh Phung Street. This attracts many tourists visit. Here, they are not only admiring the uniqueness of the ancient architecture, but also immersed in a lush green space, filled with trees. Phan Dinh Phung Street is widely called the beloved Dracontomelum Trees Street.

Dracontomelum are grown on the roads, street corner of Hanoi, but most are along the Phan Dinh Phung Street. The old Dracontomelum Tree can be found on Phan Dinh Phung Street. It has a history of hundreds of years of the bushy tree, dense foliage, covering the road. Flower of Dracontomelum Aligator is not brilliant as many others that have simple and beautiful flowers. The tiny of white flowers

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 43

brunch tucked hide in green foliage, spread bitter scent but passionate.

Figure 3 Phan Dinh Phung Street (Source: http://vietnam-mylife.blogspot.my/)

4

Theory

4.1 How Paris become Paris.

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Paris was known for isolated monuments but had not yet put its brand on urban space. Like other European cities, it was still emerging from its medieval past. But in a mere century Paris would be transformed into the modern and mythic city we know today.

Though most people associate the signature characteristics of Paris with the public works of the nineteenth century, Joan De Jean demonstrates that the Parisian model for urban space was in fact invented two centuries earlier, when the first complete design for the French capital was drawn up and implemented. As a result, Paris saw many changes. It became the first city to tear down its fortifications, inviting people in rather than keeping them out. Parisian urban planning showcased new kinds of streets, including the original boulevard, as well as public parks and the earliest sidewalks and bridges without houses. Venues opened for urban entertainment of all kinds, from opera and ballet to a pastime invented in Paris, recreational shopping. Parisians enjoyed the earliest public transportation and street lighting, and Paris became Europe’s first great walking city.

A century of planned development made Paris both beautiful and exciting. It gave people reasons to be out in public as never before and as nowhere else. And it gave Paris its modern identity as a place that people dreamed of seeing. By 1700, Paris

44 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi had become the capital that would revolutionize our conception of the city and of urban life.

Figure 4 Development Process on Paris

5

Thesis Statement

5.1 Unity of Love and Romance Intangibility of love can be reflected by the tangible-ness of romance. That is why love cannot stand alone without romance neither to romance cannot make their decisions without love. In order to gain their unity, these elements have their own patterns and movements. In translation to spaces, this will be the space where all the memory is regain and completing each other with their nostalgias.

5.2 Towards A Happy Family, From Loving, Romancing To Living By focusing on the marriage movement, from ring station until honeymoon places, this will be the design parameter. The direction is towards most lovely and most romantic places in the world. In order to gain their unity, these elements have their own patterns and movements. In referring to Paris as one of the succeed pattern city, and the guideline that was invented by Baron Haussman.

6

Hypothesis

The sacred of love can be representing by the romance of an individual. In order to gain their unity, these elements have their own patterns and movements. This paper focus on the pattern of couples surviving their love and romance skills until they can reach the immortality of getting love and being romantic. This can be seen in how their memories taken by the nostalgias in reflections to their movement and the city pattern itself. Every couples will be dreaming on getting lost and drawn in their own pattern of romance and how they creates neither renewing their vows on

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 45

their own expressions. Every couple definitely will be coming and repeating it over and over again. Thus, they will always fall in love over and over again.

In the history of civilization, some of the settlements have played a greater role than others in shaping their regional and global urban landscapes. Nowadays, a handful of cities continue to establish innovative urban development paradigms.

These places, which we called as Pattern Cities, provide the foundation and inspiration as for the development on the urban scheme implemented here.

7

Design Parameter

Parameter of this intervention is specifically towards a happy family, from loving, romancing to living. This imply specifically on the wedding strategy. The wedding strategy is named as the Design Movement for the development. Starts from the various selections in rings for the wedding proposal up to the selections of the honeymoon places while enjoying the beautifulness of the site.

8

Design Strategies

8.1 Enhancing by large-scale planting on streets and open space The special features of this site are the lines of Dracontomalum Trees. By preserving all the existing trees there, it will enhance the beautifulness of the area.

Besides, there do also exist spacious sidewalks along the site. Adding on public seating under the large-bulk Dracontomalum Trees can creates the ambience on the space as a pit stop and as for people watching others on their lovely happy couple and romancing.

8.2 Street space gives pattern and images Establishing new boulevard and plaza between the existing building blocks by demolishing and built new typologies of building block and rearrange all the blocks by the street pattern. The design movement are now being implemented in theses strategies. Boulevards and Plazas are role-play for the street pattern. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the building blocks and the space programme injected around the area creates the image of the area.

8.3 Special lighting fixture to identify places Phan Dinh Phung Streets also well known as for their night light along the streets.

To get more interesting new series lighting typologies are designed so that these can create the effects on the users to realise that they are now on this love and romance area.

46 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 8.4 Hypothetical Programs

Figure 5 Flowchart of the Programs injections to Target users

9

Conclusion

The project will be the new examples on how love and romance unites. These places will be the forever memorable places, experience and things that had happened to any couples. Images of this area will be known internationally due to its designated boulevard and plazas that creates many significant and varies depending on people’s choices. If you are looking somewhere to embrace your love and romance, this is where you should go.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 47

10 References [1] europe-cities (2004) History of Paris. Available at: http://europecities.com/destinations/france/cities/paris/history-period/ (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[2] Pattern cities (no date) Available at: http://patterncities.com/pattern-cities (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[3] Paris (no date) Available at: http://urbanisation-info-student-to-studentparis.weebly.com/paris.html (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[4] O’Reilly, D. and Special to the Star (1969) Beyond density | Toronto star.

Available at: https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/01/26/beyond_density.html (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[5] How Paris became Paris (2015) Available at: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/how-paris-became-paris-9781608195916/ (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[6] Private tours of Paris (no date) Available at: http://www.secretsofparis.com/heathers-secret-blog/10-reasons-paris-isstill-the-most-romantic-city.html.printerFriendly=true (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[7] Information, forget stored (1999) 10 reasons Paris is still the most romantic city - secrets of Paris - private tours of Paris. Available at: http://www.secretsofparis.com/heathers-secret-blog/10-reasons-paris-isstill-the-most-romantic-city.html (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[8] 2016 (2002) Book review: ‘How Paris became Paris’. Available at: http://www.planetizen.com/node/70764 (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[9] Haussmann’s architectural Paris - architecture in the era of Napoleon III the art history archive (2007) Available at: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/HaussmannsArchitectural-Paris.html (Accessed: 7 July 2016).

[10] City, M. of the (2016) Haussmann & the revival of Paris. Available at: http://www.museumofthecity.org/project/haussmann-and-revival-of-paris/ (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[11] Willsher, K. (2016) Story of cities #12: Haussmann rips up Paris – and divides France to this day.

Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/31/story-cities-12-parisbaron-haussmann-france-urban-planner-napoleon (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

[12] Contributed (no date) Urban design plan/CITY PATTERN - San Available at: Francisco. https://localwiki.org/sf/Urban_Design_Plan/CITY_PATTERN (Accessed: 7 June 2016).

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Phuong 2

50 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

The Liveable City : Expressionism In The Ngo Gach Streets Of Hanoi.

N. Shahareena Nazli

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract The Ngo Gach Streets, a struggling city core, will continue to struggle as it holds no true identity to its relationship with important surrounding context, as well as within itself. Evidence in the lack of cultural activity and lack of an active street life i.e interconnected, pedestrianization, wayfinding, barrier free for streetsie. Yet the streets is the principle ordering device of the city and the pedestrian its the most important user. The paper studies will attempt to develop a physical statement which is approaching on the reprogramming the streets and improving the cultural activity to achieve liveable city.

Keywords: cultural activity, interconnected, pedestrianization, reprogramming, livable city

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 51

1 Introduction Hanoi is located in northern region of Vietnam, situated in the Vietnam's Red river delta, nearly 90km (56mi) away from the coastal area. Hanoi contains three basic kind of terrain, which are the delta area, the midland area and mountainous zone.

Hanoi features a warm humid subtropical climate and the city experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, with 4 distinct seasons.

Hanoi currently has over 4,000 monuments and landscapes, in which over 1000 national monuments and landscapes is ranked (hundreds of monuments and landscapes newly merged from Ha Tay and Me Linh) with hundreds of temples, pagodas, architectural structures and other famous landscapes.

Hanoi is a big centre of tourism in Vietnam. There are many tours in Hanoi.

Visitors have opportunities to explore many cultural structures and art of building over many generations, during the construction and development of country. The scenic beauty and charm of nature; the craft villages existed for hundreds of years; the traditional festival – cultural product crystallized many spiritual values‌ will be attractive tourism products.

However, Hoan Kiem is an urban district (quan) of Hanoi, Capital city of Vietnam, named after the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake. Hoan Kiem district is the downtown and commercial center of Hanoi. Most of the largest Vietnamese public corporations and bank headquarters are located here, but the central government offices are located in Ba Dinh district (French Quarter). The Hanoi city committee is located on Dinh Tien Hoang street, adjacent to the Hoan Kiem Lake. Many of Hanoi's tourist attractions are located here, including : The Old Quarters, Hanoi Opera House, National Museum of Vietnamese history, and the Thang Long water puppet Theatre. The Old Quarters began to acquire its reputation as a craft area when the Vietnamese attained independence in the 11th century and the King to built his palace there. Members of the guilds worked and live together, creating a cooperative system for transporting merchandise to designated streets in the business quarter. The traditional long and narrow buildings were called "tube houses".

52 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 1(a) Site parameter

2 Site Setting This site is located at the heart of Old Quarters Hanoi. It is filled with old shop houses. The existing shop houses physically along of Ngo Gach, Hang Ngang, Hang Cha, Lan Ong, Hang Dong, Lo Ren, Hang Vai, Phung Hung. Old Quarters is home to some of Vietnamese most known cities, but rapid growth is turning up the pressure and turn it to become an unaffordable city to live in. This city is rich of old building full of heritage and culture to preserve and conserved.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 53

Figure 1(b) Key plan of Downtown Hoan Kiem, Hanoi

Figure 1(c) Figure ground

54 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

3 Potentials and Dilemmas The heritage shop Houses are one of Hoan Kiem (Old Quarters) most unique treasure. Unfortunately the condition of the shop houses are degenerate and tourist unable to appreciate full potential of the site.

There are several issue on the site. The main issue is population moves to the cities, the poor struggle for the most basic human needs [1]. Many poor rural Vietnamese will try their luck in the thriving urban centres, perceiving them to be full of job opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers growing and income levels among the poor are rising.

The potential spaces between the building can built the connection between people and the places they share, this potential turn into a collaborative process by which is can shape the public realm in order to maximize shared value. More than just promoting better urban design, and creative patterns of use, paying particular attention to the physical, cultural, and social identities that define a place and support its ongoing evolution. Access to parks and public spaces - The number of safe accessible and fun public spaces in this city has been steadily decreasing, while the public is increasingly demanding that the government create and maintain public spaces. However, without a clear strategic vision, this city lack the resources and capacity to develop public space to meet these demands.

Streets as a nodes to connectivity with local people and as entertainment districts for cultural activity. Nodes streets as a generator to local people which is can generate income with creating markets for mixed-use and mixed-income. Examples a street vendors street vendors are an integral part of urban economies around the world, offering easy access to a wide range of goods and services in public spaces.

These people sell everything from fresh vegetables to prepared foods, from building materials to garments and crafts, from consumer electronic to auto repairs to haircuts. Most local people from this site is street vendor as a main source of income for their households, bringing food to their families and paying school fees for their children.

Environmental issues, pedestrianisation can help to alleviate and reduce air and noise pollution, as there would be a reduction in the number of cars and reliance on motor vehicles. Nowadays most of large cities are faced with air and sound pollution that it will make them unpleasant and dangerous for their residents.[2] Pedestrianisation can promote walking as a transportation mode without any need to oil, so we can save fuel as well. Studies have shown that with pedestrianisation mode using public transportation such as bus and rail transportation have been increased. Usually when pedestrianisation is implemented, there can be more space on the streets not only for pedestrianisation but also present opportunities for planning of additional planting areas and improving street furniture and landscaping. All these would help to beautify the local street and create a better environment.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 55

Figure 2(a) Potential and dilemma

4 Theory The definition of Emotional Contagion is automatic mimicry and synchronization of one's expressions, vocalizations, postures and movements with those of another person when people unconsciously mimic their companions expressions of emotion, when come to feel reflections of those companions emotions.

Another theory is diffusion.

The meaning of diffusion is the spreading of atmosphericconstituents or properties by turbulent motion as well as molecular motion of the air. Diffusion is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time. It is the process of dissemination. Diffusion causes ideas and different cultural customs to be spread from one place to another. This makes the world more culturally diverse.

56 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

5 Thesis Statement The quality of life experienced by local people living in this site is tied to their ability to access infrastructure (transportation, communication, water, and sanitation), food, clean air, affordable housing, meaningful employment, and green space and parks. The differential access of people within a city to the infrastructure.

The livability of a city is also determined by the access that its residents have to participate in decision-making to meet their needs [2]. A livable city is also a city that fights against any waste of the natural resources and that we must leave intact for the humankind, that is, for our posterity. Therefore a livable city is also a ‘sustainable city’: a city that satisfies the needs of the present inhabitants without reducing the capacity of the future generation to satisfy their needs. In the livable city both social and physical elements must collaborate for the well being and progress of the community, and of the individual persons as members of the community.

6 Hypothesis The theory is that Ngo Gach streets needs a new energy that can bring benefits to the city, people and society. Creating new solution for crowded density and population with the idea of 20% of everything. Which is 20% of emotion, sense, healthy applied to the city. And also injecting new programme to re-adaptive use the tube house as new activity. Active the facade to appreciate the art of heritage.

Create a public space for sharing neighbourhood park.

7 Design Intervention 7.1 Framework The idea of liveable city is the concept of creating new urban surrounding that make the people easy to each other which is make a green neighbourhood of a particular place as they interact with another and with activity at that place satisfy resident by meeting economic social and cultural needs, promoting their health and well-being, and protecting natural resource and ecosystem functions.

Figure 3 framework

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 57

7.2 Strategy

1. Density, Diversity and Mix Resilient Cities and neighbourhoods will need to embrace density, diversity and mix of uses, users, building types, and public spaces.

Creating resiliency and reducing the carbon footprint of urban development requires us to maximize the active use of space and land. A single use low density residential neighbourhood or suburban business parks, are typically underutilized during long periods of time. A vibrant and sufficiently densely populated urban environment, by contrast, is well used round-the-clock, all days of the week, and during all seasons. This results from a closely knit mix of uses (e.g. offices, residences, coffee shops etc.), with sufficient density, and which are accessible to a diversity of users (e.g. children, youth, seniors, high-income, low-income,etc.).

Dense mixed use neighbourhoods also allow for the effective functioning of all types of business, social and cultural activities with very low inputs of energy for transportation and logistics, thus increasing the resilience of these neighbourhoods.

2. Pedestrians First Resilient cities and neighbourhoods will prioritize walking as the preferred mode of travel, and as a defining component of a healthy quality of life.

Reducing car-dependency is a key objective and imperative. Luckily, the alternative modes of transportation – namely walking, cycling, and transit – result in more sustainable urban environments, and in an improved quality of life. It are the cities and neighbourhoods that have prioritized walking, that have created desirable locations to live, work, play, and invest in. (The term pedestrian, as used in these principles, includes persons with disabilities.)

3. Place-Making Resilient cities and neighbourhoods will focus energy and resources on conserving, enhancing, and creating strong, vibrant places, which are a significant component of the neighbourhood’s structure and of the community’s identity.

All successful cities and successful neighbourhoods include vibrant places, with a strong sense of identity, which are integral to community life and the public realm: parks, plazas, courtyards, civic buildings, public streets, etc.

A resilient post-carbon community, which reorients city-life to the pedestrian scale (a 500 m radius), must focus its efforts to creating a number of local destinations, which attract a critical-mass of users and activities. Sprawl, for example, has very little place-making. A traditional village or an urban downtown, by contrast, have innumerable nocks and crannies, grand public spaces, gorgeous streetscapes, which make them desirable, successful, and sustainable.

Heritage resources – buildings, structures, and landscapes – represents a significant opportunity for place-making (i.e. through their cultural significance and identity), as well as a significant environmental investment (i.e. through their embedded energy) that should be conserved and leveraged.

58 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 4 Phasing strategy to achieve 2030

8 Conclusion The process of striving for a sustainable quality of life is as important, if not more important, than the goals and implementation strategies established. Adopting a strategic approach involves creating the partnership networks, establishing the guiding principles, and establishing the learning structures that form the basis for a sustainable liveable city. This strategic approach enables planners and citizens in a city to ensure that, where appropriate, all those who have a stake in the development of the city can come to the decision-making table. A strategic approach also facilitates the adjustment of specific goals and strategies while maintaining a core set of guiding principles and an overarching vision. This approach requires the establishment of conflict resolution mechanisms and moderation for the inevitable debates that arise around the implementation of a vision.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 59

9 References [1] Daniel, K., Efroymson, D. & Geertman, S. 2010. “Walkability in Hanoi: Design, Density and Diversity +”. HealthBridge Position Paper [2] Douglass, M. 2009. 'Liveable Cities: Conviviality Versus NeoDevelopmentalism in Pacific Asia's Urban Future'. Presentation at International Conference on Hanoi – A Liveable City for All, Hanoi 1-2 July 2009.

60 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Creative Capsule: Lavishing entertainment haven by invigorating Hanoi Old Quarter as a creative city.

N. F. Syahira

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract

Within the rapidly transforming city of Hanoi, Vietnam's capital lies the Ancient Quarter, home to a broad array of small entrepreneurs and traders since the 13th century. Creativity is now no longer restricted to specific mind and thinking manner only, but also based on ways and strategies to incorporate those skills into liveable spaces and environment. The conflict between the conventional way of emphasizing the local art and culture only through the economy and not through the events and programming of the area has formed an argument on the high potentialities that the area holds. Today, the tourism industry is moving away from mass marketing towards personalized travel concentrating on individuals and tourists now rate cultural and heritage events among their top five reasons for travelling. The creative capsule scheme is merging the three main capsules of entertainment machine, neighbourhood community and the knowledge exchange element harmoniously, in order to promote urban lavishness of the entertainment haven in Hanoi Old Quarter, hence will attract tourist and locals into the area. The framework of plugging in entertainment elements, potential of unblocking the urban blockages and creative intelligence edges intend to strengthen the web work of the city, consequently creating vibrant linkages throughout the city. The Hanoi Old City Gate will be revived in a heritage manner as the only city gate in Hanoi, and a successful lavishness of entertainment haven in Hanoi Old Quarter is now freshly form as an urban revitalization city which incorporate entertainment, community, knowledge, art and culture to formulate a creative city.

Keywords : creativity, entertainment, lavishness, old city gate, haven

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi | 61

1

Introduction

Figure 1.0: Hanoi Old City Gate, the only gate survives as proper square gate today.

Inside a modern and dynamic city, there appears an antique quarter, the Hanoi‟s Old Quarter – the represented eternal soul of the city. Although many of the streets no longer sell the products after which they were named, some still do. Today, the Old Quarter has become the unique classical feature of Hanoi, and the inspiration of numerous writers, poets, painters, and one of the desired tourist destinations in Hanoi. The vibrancy and liveliness of mixed economy scene, is widely celebrated throughout the Hanoi‟s Old Quarter. Further development is desired to encounter the current predicaments the city facing, devoid of losing its soul and atmosphere.

Hang Chieu Street is located directly from the Hang Giay Street, until the Tran Nhat Duat highway, where the Quan Chuong Gate (Hanoi Old City Gate) is located at. In the 18th century, there were 16 square gates, but by the early 20th century, there were only 5 gates: Cau Giay, Cau Den, Cho Dua, Dong Mac and Quan Chuong. Some gates were pulled down because of war damage, but their names lived on as the names of districts or streets. Today, only the Quan Chuong gate survives as a proper "square gate”.Quan Chuong gate is not just a relic of the ancient Thang Long capital but a proud symbol of the modern capital city.

Examining the atmosphere of the city, there are a lot of active programs generated through the economy, the spaces and places, the solids and voids of the street, yet it represent the ever-growing interdisciplinary interest towards various dimensions of creativity has also been pronounced at the heart of economic geography, planning, urban development and change. In essence, Hang Chieu Street need to concentrate on evolving as Creative City as creativity has shifted from a marginal interest to becoming the key driving force of city politics the notion of the creative city has equally become an attention as stated by Allen [1]. It has, furthermore, been claimed that the boost of creativity magically enhances the economy, replaces „traditional‟ industries and creates new jobs and various opportunities, in what to us appears a slightly uncritical, positivistic and instrumental manner.

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2

Site Setting

The site is located at Hang Chieu Street, in the Hanoiâ€&#x;s Old Quarter, and as the oldest continuously developed area of Vietnam, Hanoi's Old Quarter has a history that spans 2,000 years and represents the eternal soul of the city. Located between the Lake of the Restored Sword, the Long Bien Bridge, a former city rampart, and a citadel wall, the Old Quarter started as a snake and alligator-infested swamp. It later evolved into a cluster of villages made up of houses on stilts, and was unified

by Chinese administrators who built ramparts around their headquarters. The area was named "Dominated Annam" or "Protected South" by the Chinese.

The Old Quarter began to acquire its reputation as a crafts area when the Vietnamese attained independence in the 11th century and King Ly Thai To build his palace there. In the early 13th century, the collection of tiny workshop villages which clustered around the palace walls evolved into craft cooperatives, or guilds.

Skilled craftsmen migrated to the Quarter, and artisan guilds were formed by craftsmen originating from the same village and performing similar services. There are various name of the street that represents the unique goods that the street are selling, as one of way-finding method in the past, which made the city has different names such as Gold Street, Silver Street, etc. The richness of the heritage and story behind the development of the city is the key potential in invigorating a hype-up creative city in the upcoming future.

Figure 1(a) : Site plan of Hang Chieu Street

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Figure 1(b) : Figure ground of Hang Chieu Street

3

Potentials and Dilemmas

Hang Chieu Street has been overshadowed by the Dong Xuan Night Market which is famous among locals and tourist. Hang Chieu Street is identified as a Mats Street in the past, however the scenario has transformed the street to be a street with various shop houses, hotels, coffee shops, cafes, small restaurants, and local Vietnam fine art shops. Although there are several transformations has been done to the street since then, however it seems that the street still cannot catch up with the liveliness of the Dong Xuan Night Market area, which captivated the tourist more. The growth of Hang Chieu Street did not unleash the potentials of expanding the magnetic attraction of Dong Xuan Night Market. Consequently, there are several issues encountered in the urban growth of Hang Chieu Street, such as scarcity of public realms, ineffectiveness of current programs in enhancing the cultural value of the street, the non-existing focal point towards the monumental Hanoi Old City Gate shall be cultivate in order to achieve the branding of the place, as mentioned by Richards and Wilson. This attempt will revivify extensive engagement with new public programs and activities. The low quality of existing pedestrian public design and the growth of the sidewalks culture likely to be restructure to ensure the private-ness of public spaces are not being abused by the locals. The program attention occurred to be only towards the night market area, which disregard Hang Chieu Street as the supporting programs and ambience of the night market area. As mentioned by Lloyd and Clark [2], the idea that in our times, there are sections of the city's population who act as tourists in their own city and make explicit demands for leisure as well. Hence, an entertaining programs injections scheme is needed in order to revitalize the street as an „entertainment machineâ€&#x; that will be beneficial for the locals living in the area.

The potentials of Hang Chieu street, not only it could be revivify as the creative street in responding to the local fine art economy along the street, it could also be an intervention for the residential blocks around the area, as published by Vietnam News, Hanoiâ€&#x;s Government has agreed to resettle 26,200 residents of Hoan Kiem District's Old Quarter, and the resettlement aims to ease the high population density in the Old Quarter, address the degraded living conditions of local people and preserving heritage sites. Of course, resettling is the other side of the coin, however there are better approach in maintaining the residential blocks, as well as preserving the culture and the heritage elements of the area.

64 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi The locals will be fascinated to live in the area as the story of the past, the value of the place and how the culture evolved, relate closely to them. The evolution of the city to be as a city of entertainment, is connected to a quote by Kunzmann [3], where he mentioned that the city has become a city of entertainment with cultural facilities, a plethora of cultural events and public spaces in a culturally mature environment. While Lloyd and Clark [2] describe in their notion of the city as an Entertainment Machine, “…it is characterised by more than the quantitative increase in restaurants, shops and other cultural offerings. Increasingly elements of the city whose functions were considered instrumental (use value) are being valorised through aesthetic concerns.

23m

2

6.45m

3.5m

23m2

Figure 2 : Facts and Data of tourist statistic and Hanoi‟s average living area

4

Theory

Studies of the city traditionally have presumed a division between the economy of cities and their culture, with culture subordinate in explanatory power to the “work” of the city. However, categories of production and labour in the urban context have been severely impacted by post-industrial and globalizing trends; cultural activities are increasingly crucial to urban economic vitality. Even in a former industrial power like Chicago, the number one industry has become entertainment, which city officials define as including tourism, conventions, restaurants, hotels, and related economic activities. Workers in the elite sectors of the post-industrial city make “quality of life” demands, and in their consumption practices can experience their own urban location as if tourists, emphasizing aesthetic concerns. These practices impact considerations about the proper nature of amenities to provide in contemporary cities. The city becomes an “Entertainment Machine” leveraging culture to enhance its economic wellbeing. The entertainment components of cities are actively and strategically produced through political and economic activity.

Entertainment becomes the work of many urban actors.

Harvey Molotch‟s [4] well-known metaphor suggests that the city is a machine geared to creating “growth,” with growth loosely defined as the intensification of land use and thus higher rent collections, associated professional fees and locally based profits. The ongoing centrality of older cities, along with the emergence of newer ones in continuous competition, requires attention to the city as an entertainment machine, producing consumption opportunities and leveraging cultural advantages. The features of the Entertainment Machine are not altogether new, as cities have long been sites for consumption and aesthetic innovation.

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What is new is the degree to which these “cultural” activities have become crucial to urban fortunes. There is a rise of zoning, construction of new public spaces, and support for public art in many forms, the demand for competing public goods is far more complex than private goods, as stated by Clark and Inglehart [5]

Figure 2(a) Diversity of entertainment by leveraging the local culture, will attract people in order to promote the growth of the city The concept of „exploration and exploitation‟ is a key tool in this project as hypothetical program to foster the movement of programs in forming the interactive programs in lavishing entertainment tourism by invigorating Hanoi Old Quarter as a creative city. As stated by James G. March [6], there is a direct relation between exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of old certainties, and finding of a productive balance between exploration and exploitation is crucially needed both at an individual and communal level.

Figure 2(b) Concept of Exploration and Exploitation

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5

Thesis Statement

5.1 INVIGORATING TOWARDS HANOI CREATIVE CITY 2050 The stimulation of art and entertainment will perform as the urban catalyst towards achieving the vision of Hanoi Creative City 2050, in order to enrich the local unique culture, identity of Hanoi, hence promoting the tourism footprint in the city.

With the existing scenario, Hanoi has been exporting their local art & crafts products throughout the world, and the creative industry has also been one of the major industries in Vietnam. Coming from where creativity has always been the lifeblood of the city, there is an obvious high potential of creating the Creative City. The cultivating process shall unfold the potential of markets, trading and production centres, with their critical mass of entrepreneurs, artists, intellectuals, students, administrators and creative collaboration. They have mostly been the places where races and cultures mix and where interaction creates new ideas, institutions.

Hanoi will be enliven as the Creative City central point in the future creative industry, based on the creative community unification in promoting the creative ideas in order for Hanoi to become a creative hub, and framing the first art district of Vietnam. Basic urban framework strategy shall be established with critical thinking and evolutional movement. There are few factors shall be considered, including the need of enriching art and entertainment into the city, the involvement of the creative community from the local art organization up until the government agencies, catalyst events and organisations which will create opportunities for people with different perspectives to come together and share creative ideas.

Towards the direction of Hanoi as Creative City, it clarify that Hanoi will be portraying the image of Creative City for the world to be recognized.

Figure 3 : The Creative City Agenda of giving room to creativity and innovation to flourish and create a knowledge based society.

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6

Hypothesis

The intervention is aimed in generating ideas and potentials, to encourage the entertainment and art culture as an urban catalyst for the urban reframing through the principle of Creative City model. The model emphasized in enhancing the cultural and art programs that the cityâ€&#x;s demand. An outstanding city shall be rebrand as the methodology of art and entertainment nurture to the components of the street area, such as the sidewalks, lanes, and the injection of public spaces can be reconstruct to a more functional manner. With the concept of creating a creative environment, embedded information and creating interactive spaces will help in bringing computation into the physical world. A modification typology of spaces and programs is intended to infuse jaw-dropping expression not only to the hyped tourist, but also to the exciting local community. The focus of this project is to revivify the maximum entertainment attraction, encouraging knowledge exchange, prioritizing the creative industry; hence by focusing on these aspects, the street will become an incubator for Hanoi Creative City.

6.1 Framework A strategic urban acupuncture system is significant in reviving the entertainment fabric of the city. The infusion of art, heritage and cultural program nodes, is implemented in order to enhance the vibrancy of the programs, in celebrating the existing local fine art economy, hence will strengthen the attraction of local and tourist into the area. Not only the urban economy will grab the positive impact of the infusion of art, heritage and cultural programs, but also the knowledge exchange impact of spreading and sharing the creative ideas between the social circle. As stated by Pierre Levy, knowledge space can be described as an emerging anthropological space in which the knowledge of the individuals becomes the primary focus for social structure, values and beliefs.

On top of that, making full potentials of the extensive variation of buildings height consisting of the tube houses, rocket houses and the commercial lots in the area, by instilling new active spaces in between the solid and void of the current urban fabric will activate the unused voids to become a beneficial space. There is an extraordinary prospective in creating a new historical axis to create a focal point representing the East gate of Dong Ha, which is the only city gate remaining until today, in order to remember the sacrifice of the army header and Nguyen troops, fighting against French invaders which the new axis will create an improved landmark and identity of the site. Rebranding the local economy and the sidewalks culture, is targeted to re-organize the commercial area with better space accommodating locals and tourist, as well as incorporating the sidewalks culture issues, which is expected to increase in the near future due to upsurge in land price.

Re-installation of public realms will reduce the current scenario of referring Ba Dinh Square, Lenin Park and Thu Le Park as the public realm, as it diminished the function of the park as worshipping and memorial park. Exploring the potential spot of public realms highest prospective to ensure a prominence of the green city, and engagement of active youth community blossoming by the visualization of the Hanoi 2030â€&#x;s master plan.

68 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi Intervention of more practical residential blocks will allow a better growth of the city, in order to occupy estimated 374,000 additional units needed in Hanoi each year to cope with the demand of urban housing in the city. This will promote a new paradigm of quality in urban living and comfort for the locals living in Hang Chieu Street. Imagining the connection in a bigger scale throughout Hanoi‟s Old Quarter, linking it with the neighbourhood, community and place by creating a cohesive relationship between the new proposed injection scheme and also the primary urban facilities, such as continuity of pedestrian walkway, boulevard, and public transportation system.

7

Design Mechanism & Strategy

„Creative Capsule‟ is a manifesto of involving the imagination and the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating and entertaining with others, in combination with the „capsule‟ element, which is a metaphor used to describe the recovering process of the site itself. By injecting this “Creative Capsule” into the site, this capsule will be treating this area to become a creative ambience and a lively city.

Campo and Ryan [7] distinguished between urban entertainment districts (UEDs) and entertainment zones (EZs). Generally speaking, UEDs tend to be large and self-contained projects in historic downtowns or along a waterfront with at least one attraction entirely meant for entertainment, such as a cinema complex, restaurant, nightclub, sports stadium, civic and cultural centre, or multimedia experience. In order to stimulate and revitalize an area, a UED must offer interesting opportunities for families during the day and for adults at night, including stores, restaurants, and accessibility to art and culture.

Figure 4 : „Creative Capsule‟ principles

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In the process of the Creative Capsule sprawling, a multi development of entertainment facilities and programs intended for the re-invigoration of the urban growth will spread thoroughly and manoeuvre efficiently by local and tourist. The framework is segmented into three main capsules; The Entertainment Machine capsule, the Neighbourhood Community capsule, and the Knowledge Exchange capsule. For the entertainment machine capsule, the plug-in entertainment concept will be used as the development strategy, which involves plugging in entertainment nodes such as, performing centre, gallery, exhibition space, event space, etc. The plugging in process will involve the potential of the site, which has the variation of heights in between the buildings, and plugging in these entertainment elements, will fill in the empty voids in between the buildings.

On top of that, the strategy to infill the entertainment facilities between the blocks will create a multi-level entertainment scene for the site, where people can feel the sense of „entertainment explorationâ€&#x; of spaces, at the same time maximizing the vertical diversity to activate art, cultural & entertainment elements of the site. The exhibition space includes event hall, covered event space, interactive space, and public event area which will harmonize entertainment program in the city.

Figure 5 : Strategy 1 - Plug-in entertainment

Figure 5.1 : Strategy 1.1 - Multi level entertainment scene

70 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi Imitating the second capsule, which is the neighbourhood community, the design strategy is to unblock the urban blockages of the perimeter blocks, so as to increase transparency to the street. This strategy is to ensure that there will be interactions between the community in the blocks, and as well as the community outside the blocks. By going through the unblocking process will allow the public activities to happened in between the blocks, such as public creative square, performance art, street art, street vendor hub, which then will attract more tourist and locals in the area too.

The second design strategy for this capsule is the street life activating. The strategy is to expand the sidewalks, and creating a space for the street life activities such as the street cafĂŠ, the space for the commercial lot to extend its interactions, and the group hang-outs. This vibrant street life will enhance the sidewalks activities, and allow the „toing and froingâ€&#x; movement along the active street programs, as sidewalks can be demarcated as public space where people stop, look and contemplate.

Figure 5.2 : Strategy 2.0 - Unblocking the urban blockages

Figure 5.3 : Strategy 2.1 - Street life activation

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For the third capsule, the knowledge exchange capsule is established with the intention to influence the current art and culture economy. By spreading the creative art and culture programs, will then trigger the interest of getting to explore the knowledge aspects on those programs, hence the creative intelligence edges is installed to stimulate knowledge exchange between the creative communities with the public. This creative intelligence edges is installed on most of the major edges of the site, such as art training centre, exhibition hall, workshop, studio, and multipurpose hall. Creative Intelligence Edges around the site will engage the knowledge exchange participation from public via high level of interactions at every corner of the site. Furthermore, the knowledge flexibility approach is the design strategy for knowledge exchange capsule. As we know, knowledge sprawls through different spaces, either formal or informal. Formal learning refers to learning that takes place through a structured program of instruction which is mostly recognised by the attainment of a formal qualification or award (for example, a certificate, diploma or degree. Informal learning refers to learning that results from daily work-related, social, family, hobby or leisure activities.

Figure 5.4 : Strategy 3.0 – Creative intelligence edges

Figure 5.5 : Strategy 3.1 – Knowledge flexibility

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8

Development Phase

Figure 6 : Phase 1.0 of Creative Capsule For the first phase of Creative Capsule, the main phase is to establish the place.

This phase 1 will take about one to five years of re-programming the shop lots to create point of activity and interest, on top of creating new axis towards the Hanoi Old City Gate. The current hotel and hostels building are being maintained, with additional public spaces construction.

Figure 6.2 : Phase 2.0 and 3.0 of Creative Capsule After establishing the place, for the second and third phase of Creative Capsule, the focus shifted to leveraging the value of the place, as well as capturing the demand of the people. Hence, new entertainment nodes will be inserted, the local restaurant, street cafĂŠ, will be enhanced, and new infill programs will be instilled to increase the vibrancy of the back lanes, the hyper creative enclave, and the creative intelligence corners.

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9

Creative Capsule Intervention

The current program at Hang Chieu Street is mixed development of residential, commercial, educational, cultural and leisure program. The situation of variation of building heights, creating solids and voids element in between the buildings is a huge potential to assimilate the existing program with the potentialities of entertainment elements, knowledge exchange spaces, and neighbourhood community to formulize a new sense of belonging of the creative capsule hub. With the new public creative square acting as a new public realm, the additional plug in entertainment programs at multi-level scene, and the street life activation via the sidewalks, not only the liveability and vibrancy of the city will be enhanced thoroughly, but also the economic and social aspect of the city. Tourist and locals will not merely visit the area only for entertainment purposes, but also to experience and take part in the knowledge exchange programs that Hang Chieu Street offers.

Figure 7 : The back lane revamption of the Creative Capsule.

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10 Conclusion Creative industries will never be fully boosted only via commercial area of retails and shop lots, but also throughout the creative programs injections and interactions happening around the area. Creative programs contribute to a cityâ€&#x;s social fabric, cultural diversity and aesthetic charisma which enhance the quality of life, reinforcing a sense of community and shared identity, in promoting creative and cultural tourism. This last element is increasingly important as the tourism industry is moving away from mass marketing towards tailored travel focussed on individuals and tourists now rate cultural and heritage activities among their top five reasons for travelling. Prospect advancement shall be instigated but the cultural and heritage value should never be disregarded. The new development shall act as an improvement to the area, but the heritage shall also incorporate together with the new development to inspire a creative society. The unification of the creative city with in existence cultural, art and heritage significance had been restructured with a well-planned strategy to ensure the creative sprawl through public programs, education, and also the ambience of the city. Hang Chieu Street hold one thousand one stories behind the struggle symbolization of the Hanoi Old City Gate, the only gate that still survived, which came to a realization that it should be revived, as an identity and appreciation to the city. In this day and era, society are more engrossed towards making the city as a major economic resource, by creating more business hub without considering the existing activities around the area. Creative city ambience will lead to notions of creative thinking, creative partnerships, creative collaborations and creative environments.

Figure 7.1 : The Hyper-Creative enclave of the Creative Capsule

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11 References [1] Allen, Scott J, The Cultural Economy of Cities (Theory, Culture and Society Series), Sage, London, 1999 [2] Lloyd R and Clark TN, The City as an Entertainment Machine, in Fox Gotham K (ed), Critical Perspectives on Urban Redevelopment, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2001 [3] Kunzmann KR, Culture, Creativity and Spatial Planning, Town Planning Review, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 383- 404, 2004 [4] Harvey Molotch, The City as a Growth Machine : Toward a Political Economy of Place, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2010 [5] Clark, Terry Nichols and Ronald Inglehart, “The New Political Culture: Changing Dynamics of Support for the Welfare State and other Policies in Postindustrial Societies” in Clark and Vincent Hoffman Martinot, eds. The New Political Culture, 1998 [6] James G. March, Organization Science, Special Issue: Organizational Learning: Vol. 2, No. 1,, pp. 71-87, 1991 [7] Daniel Campo, Brent D. Ryan, The Entertainment Zone: Unplanned Nightlife and the Revitalization of the American Downtown, Routledge, Journal of Urban Design, Vol. 13. No. 3, 291–315, October 2008

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Living Museum: Preserving and Transmitting Knowledge.

N.M.H. Khidzir

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract

Old Quarters is the heart of Hanoi city for today. Where the urban culture and activities was active since the last 100 years ago. Visiting this unique historical vestige comfortably lying around Hoan Kiem Lake, tourists get lost in a totally different world from the rest of the city and have the chance to explore the modest but energetic life of the local a hundred years ago, where there were no high-rise buildings, too much traffic or fancy stores. People in Old Quarters of Hanoi are very friendly, hard-working and committed in whatever they have planned to do[2].

This people’s attitude is very positive and it would be a good point to inject a programme which involve them. The injecting programme may be followed by other local’s own programmes which are be empowered by the major programme.

The major programme is to maintain culture inside them. The Old Quarters of Hanoi, by promoting the culture to the outsider. But more mass housing projects will be needed to house Hanoi’s population, which has an annual growth rate of 3.5 per cent and which is expected to hit 9 million by 2030. But the rapid pace of development is causing some to worry that the city may lose its distinct identity if not done with proper urban planning[3]. The proposed design will take try to improve living for local and maintain the Old Quarters as hub culture in Hanoi city by injecting shared activities among local people and visitors.

Keywords: activities.

Old Quarters, hardworking people, maintain culture, improve living,

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1

Introduction

Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich culture with Southeast Asian, Chinese and French influences. It is one of the Asia's best preserved urban hubs of traditional commerce due to its largely decades of inattention. The crammed with Buddhist temples, pagoda and French colonial shop houses, whose original tiles and peeling yellow paint have become a drawing for foreign visitors.

2

Site Setting

The site is located at the centre of Hanoi's Old Quarter and covers 28 acres of area.

At the heart of the city, located the chaotic Old Quarters, where narrow streets are roughly arranged by trade. there are many little temples, including Bach Ma, honouring a legendary horse, plus Dong Xuan market, selling household goods and street food.

Figure 1(a) Key plan of Hang Bo and Hang Dao, Hanoi

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3

Dilemmas and Potentials

Old Quarters of Hanoi Heritage Site | 1 Hang Dao is one of the most popular streets among local and tourist. It is well known as Dong Xuan market street in Hanoi city which full of commercial shops, food destination, and art aesthetic heritage value. The magnetic attraction of the street itself result of density of people activities along the street that supported the economic enhancement of the area. The traffic of Hang Dao is congested and cramp with ocean of motorcycle for nowadays. The number of motorcycle is increasingly seen as old-fashioned, dirty and dangerous, and the streets of Hanoi seem destined to become a nightmare of traffic jams. Seemingly chaotic sea of motorcycle can be quite a challenge. This area is very packed with the local people who live there. It’s a surprise to know that a family of 3 or 4 generations living in one small house. These amazing alleys just keep going on and on, and the local houses are built very close together [1].

Picture 2, An aerial view of the city from the 65th floor of the Lotte observation deck.

(Photo: Lam Shushan) As the oldest continuously developed area of Vietnam, Hanoi's Old Quarter has a history that spans 2,000 years and represents the eternal soul of the city. Located between Sword Lake, the Long Bien Bridge, a former city rampart, and a citadel wall, the Old Quarter is considered the heart of the capital city. Hanoi’s Old Quarter was recognized as a national relic in 2004, a great honor and also a challenge for the local residents and local authorities to preserve and promote its values. Pedestrian streets are displaying consumer goods, food and drinks.

Pedestrian streets in Hanoi’s Old Quarter also showcase cultural performances.

There are two mini shows every week, featuring a variety of music, from Vietnamese traditional music to classical symphonies. The pedestrian streets will find plenty of the most famous Hanoi street food and traditional dishes. Here have amazing alleys with their local houses is a great opportunity to see and experience the lives of the people living there. It would be a beautiful discovery and balance to the regular walking tour on the street

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Figure 3, all in all dilemma and potential at the site.

4

Theory

EMPOWER A collective action to improve the quality of life in a community and to be connection among community organization. “ an international ongoing process centred in the local community, involving mutual respect, critical reflection, caring, and group participation, �

(Cornal Empowerment Group,1989) The architecture of empowerment is not an abandonment of the traditional role of the architect as form-giver, or of the urban planner as land-use specialist; rather, it is an enrichment of these professions. Just as a deeper appreciation of environmental issues does not restrict the creativity of architects, but adds an extra dimension to their work, so this deeper understanding of the needs of the bulk of humanity makes architecture and urban planning[5].

Across the multiplicity of disciplines, groups and individuals must come together, it is this improved understanding that will redefine the role of the architect and the planner in relation to the process of change, to the idea of building as process rather than a building as product[6].

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Figure 4, Empowerment morphology according phases.

By injecting Living Museum as a core program will Empower locals to involve in other sub programs.

1. Knowledge exchange – To develop strangeness local community bond by sharing thoughts and skills and promotes local culture.

2. Preserve culture hub - To sustain culture activities and heritage forms by preserving and share the skills of traditional activities.

3. Neighbourhood hygienist - To welcome visitor, locals will make sure their neighbourhood clean and hygiene.

4. Local economic recharging - To promote local products and get direct buyer.

5. Increase housing number - To react with population increase, more housing may develop once the local get enough money.

6. Neighbourhood gardening - To improve access and promotes the locally grown food in the city.

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CONCEPT “People don’t just connect to each other, the connect through a shared object” -Jyri Engestrom. The function of activities places are become the object where people come and have the shared object to interact. By creating a space for social interaction we connect the community and create other opportunities such as economy, knowledge and more.

“Public space is the city” -Oriol Bohigas. By making the alley in residential area as public, a new attraction that can attract the city life to the culture area thus makes it more attractive and convenient.

“Architect can’t force people to connect. It can only plan the crossing points, remove barriers, and make the meeting places useful and attractive” -Denise Scott Brown. Having a culture and local lifestyle but being blocked is such a waste. The culture lifestyle is meant to be enjoyed and experienced, so by unblocking and removing the barrier are giving access to the public and tourist to make it as meeting point could be accomplished.

5

Thesis Statement

Levitating of Culture hub (in Old Quarters) Old Quarters of Hanoi will levitate as the hub of Culture city point in the coming prospect of tourism industry. A very original and typical house which is more than a hundred years old. The small alley leads to a local family on the ground level, and will be able to view their activities through the open door. Then walking up an old staircase from the ground to the second floor. It is a very quiet, old place and totally away from the exciting atmosphere on the street. During the day, people in the old quarter do all of their activities on the walk side pavement as if it was a part of their house. You can totally be a part of this busy life on the street in the old quarter.

Some of them prepared their selling goods inside the Old Quarters.

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Figure 5, Existing activities in the Old Quarter shop house.

New housing typologies To react with population increase, more housing may develop once the local get enough money. Some principles of new housing type will be injecting such as green area percentage, and react to plot ration.

Figure 6, Design guideline for new house typology Natural Ventilation To reduce the energy use of mechanical ventilation and cooling systems, designers often turn to natural ventilation. For natural ventilation to be effective, barriers to air flow have to be reduced or removed.

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Diagram 7, Injecting Natural ventilation circulation.

6

Hypothesis

The design aimed to create Informative Generation of Vietnamese & Tourist friendly. The design is reacting to the tourist dilemmas which usually getting Lost in Direction & does not know a quality information from the locals surround. The injection & insertion programme would increase local’s income & quality of life.

Sharing Knowledge: Since the beginning of the 21st century, the most knowledgeintensive cities are ranked as the most liveable cities, and this trend will continue in the coming decades. Knowledge is the only thing that allows for unlimited growth without negative side effects. It can be exchanged for all kinds of other products As a result, future societies must concentrate on the growth of knowledge, rather than on the growth of material production. Knowledge consists of information, which in turn is made of data. Information becomes the raw material of the future society and the future city[6].

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7

Design Intervention

Living Museum, Preserving and Transmitting knowledge began.

Figure 8, Citizens are much more active and proactive in designing and improving their cities.

7.1 Framework The idea is to levitate the culture inside the Old Quarters by promoting it to people around and tourist. The development shall cover culture, people, economy, and nature. To realize the intension of the program, the activities inside the Old Quarters of Hanoi alleys will be expose and make their place as semi private to visitor.

Diagram 9, Flow of living museum process.

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7.2 Strategy 7.2.1. Mixing place Both shared activities and shared meanings are intrinsic to the human mode of adaption for survival. They are two facets of shared cultural knowledge and the primary subject matter of culture psychology[4]. Shared activities constructed in communities of practice, the new born generation will create of shred knowledge, activities, and conversation through communication and social interact.

7.2.2. Public realm More feet on the street is leading to renewed focus on pedestrian amenities in master plans such as sidewalks, street furniture, crosswalks, pedestrian-exclusive bridges, and the overall ―human scale of cities at the ground level. Well-designed way finding now plays a major role in master plans, serving as step-by-step guides to cultural, art, civic, and other urban institutions and points of interest.

Vibrant street life relies on certain physical qualities of the public realm to host and strengthen activities and behaviours. Streets and public space are both a setting and an agent for social interactions that make a place interesting and engaging. They should be designed and improved for maximum value to the people who use them and the District as a whole[7].

7.2.3. Maintain culture and Heritage The building which it cannot be replaced anything either facade or the function itself. The existing shop lots warehouses need to be improvised with useful and culture programs make the space suitable for commercial activities in order to make the single use to be liveable with activities and people. Promote local activities inside the Old Quarter by bring show it to all people.

7.3 Hypothetical Programs The design aimed to create Informative Generation of Vietnamese & Tourist Friendly. The design is reacting to the tourist dilemmas which usually getting Lost in Direction & does not know a quality information from the locals around. The injection & insertion programme would increase local’s income & quality of life.

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Design Intervention

The project will become new model of tourism attraction in Hanoi city. By injecting Living Museum program will increase local income in the area and increase knowledge. The injecting can be applied to other area which has same identity.

Picture 10, Future development imagination.

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9

References [1] Mr. Vu Hoang Anh, “Walking Tour in The Hanoi Old Quarter”, 2015.

Avaiable at: http://vietnamtravel.indochinacharm.com/walking-tour-hanoiold-quarter/. (Access date 4 June 2016) [2] Camilla Mellander, “Hanoi people are very friendly, hard-working”, October 2014.

Avaiable at: http://hanoitimes.com.vn/ambassadorscomments/2014/10/81e087d8/swedish-ambassador-hanoi-people-are-veryfriendly-hard-working/. (Access date 3 July 2016) [3] Lam Shushan, “Hanoi faces possible identity crisis as population grows”, May 2016.

Avaiable at: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/hanoifaces-possible/2602960.html. (Access date 3 July 2016) [4] Charles Spielberger, “Applied Psycology”, Elsevier Academic Press, Vol 1. 552,2002.

[5] Ismail Serageldin “The Architecture of Empowerment”, Academy Group ltd, Vol 1. 10, 1997.

[6] Gerhard Schmitt, “How to create sustainable, pulsating Cities of the future”, 2015. Avaiable at : http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gerhardschmitt/sustainable-cities-future_b_7236992.html (Access date 12 July 2016) [7] Ahmed M.Salah “Characteristics of good public realm”, Academy Group ltd, Vol 1. 49, 2007

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Phuong 3

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Urban Hangout: Remaking the Culture A. F. I. Abd Wahab

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract It is in many ways the ideal 21st century city eminently walkable, friendly, entertaining, hip, young, tolerant, and inexpensive. Its old neighbourhoods are a Jane Jacobs triumph of mixed-use economic dynamism and eyes-on-the-street for safety. Retail, restaurants, and business services squeeze into the narrow groundfloor street fronts while residents live in wildly assorted houses above. Except for few hours between midnight and dawn, Hanoians seem constantly on the moveeating, drinking, making things, selling things, playing badminton and chess, laughing, talking, hustling-pretty much all in the place. The culture of living itself can be a strong element to enhance the beauty of the city by injecting a few programs that involving community and tourist. As a backpacker’s hub for tourist, this place has a potential to develop as a main attraction in Hanoi.

Keywords: open space, walkable, living, tourism, hangout, community, environment, public realm

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1

Introduction

Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital lies in the North of the country and is one of the country’s top tourist hot spots. It offers French-colonial architecture, a rich food culture and a long history (the city celebrated its millennium in 2010.)

The most well-known and important districts in Hanoi are Ba Dinh District (aka the French Quarter) where the government offices are located and Hoan Kiem District (aka the Old Quarter) which is considered the city’s business hub and main tourist destination. One of Hanoi’s most common sights is that of streets packed with scooters, bicycles and cars swarming around pedestrians like a school of fish. Then there are the many sidewalk vendors and people simply out for a stroll and the popular Old Quarter is no exception so walking around this district is distinct from a leisurely stroll in the park. Visitors have no choice but to face the traffic in the local style but the experience of exploring the historical area is a must-do and truly well worth it.

Packed with charming colonial architecture, Buddhist temples and pagodas, the Old Quarter, located near Hoan Kiem Lake in Hoan Kiem District, is Hanoi’s major commercial district. Its heart and soul is exposed in the ancient commercial streets which are named after their original businesses dating back about 1,000 years. Though most of the specialties (cotton, jewellery, herbs, and silk) have changed over time and have been replaced with a variety of modern-day commodities and services, visitors can still appreciate some of the original goods as well as get a feel of rich old Vietnamese customs. The preserved shop-houses that lie along these roads were built a little over a century ago and were constructed in their long and narrow style to avoid being hit by high taxes. Each has a street-facing façade and multiple courtyards inside. The front part of the buildings is where trading takes place while the family occupies the rest. Though one shop-house was meant to be for one family (with many generations in it), nowadays it is more common to see quite a few families jammed in under one roof. Expect to find plenty of hip café, bars, a variety of restaurants, bakeries, boutique shops and art galleries in this historical area.[1].

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2

Site Setting

The site was located near the Hoan Kiem Lake which is commercial-based lands use. The main attractions of the site are the shopping hub, the backpacker’s hub, and the some of the most living night of the city. Figure 1(a) show the key plan of Hoan Kiem District and the site location. With the of 17.6 acres area of the proposed site, the area is a heaven place for tourist while in Hanoi because that is the area where people enjoying the coffee and interact with each other. Figure 1(b) and figure 1(c) shows the figure ground of the site and the surrounding to studies the behavior of the city itself.

Figure 1(a) Key plan of Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi

Figure 1(b) Figure ground

Figure 1(c) Site parameter

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3

Potentials and Dilemmas

Hoan Kiem District basically is a town that popular among local and tourist for the leisure spot in Hanoi. The town is full of commercial shops, food destination, and art aesthetic heritage value. The magnetic attraction of the street itself results of density of people activities along the street that supported the economic enhancement of the area. The development of Hoan Kiem is starting to congested and cramp for nowadays. Thus, the existing development of its unutilized back of cities, the disclamation of operational shoplot and the scarcity of open space area required to be develop into a leisure and commercial.

However, there are some issues in the district that need to be solved for the city to develop in the future. The increasing of the vehicle makes the traffic more congested in the future and because of this, there is not enough parking lots for the vehicle to park around the city. This will leads to the overcrowding and miss use of space at the walkway. Thus, this will leads to bad traffic flows.

4

Theory

The city has its own potential to be develop to a great city that enhancing the city with the culture itself. A Brazilian politician, Jaime Lerner stated that the secret to the city is integration. Every area of the city should combine work, leisure and culture. Separate these functions and parts of the city die. The theory is about where once should integrated the work, leisure and culture to make the city life ever after.

Figure 2 Integrated City Diagrams

The figure 2 show how the theory works by integrated all the part. However in this design, I will focus in the leisure as a main event and the other two as the secondary event. The concept of leisure is being emphasize in this project as conceptual program to capitalize and nurturing the activity as formation of festivities series of event in emerging the levitation of festival tourism city of the district. With the integration of stimulation and creativity of leisure element, the conception of leisure shall manage to create an interesting festival scheme. The

94 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi stimulation has to be absorbed in a climate relatively free from pressure. Freedom appears as the core aspect of leisure thereby serve as main concept in leisure activities. Creativity comes with the ability to come up with the divergent association that encourage by physical environment providing individual with intensive sense of stimulation. As stated by Geoffrey G., “Leisure is living in relative freedom from the external compulsive forces of one’s culture and physical environment so as to be able to act from internally compelling love in ways which are personally pleasing, intuitively worthwhile, and provide a basis for faith.” [2]

5

Thesis Statement

Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital lies in the North of the country and is one of the country’s top tourist hot spots. It offers French-colonial architecture, a rich food culture and a long history (the city celebrated its millennium in 2010.) The most well-known and important districts in Hanoi are Ba Dinh District (aka the French Quarter) where the government offices are located and Hoan Kiem District (aka the Old Quarter) which is considered the city’s business hub and main tourist destination. One of Hanoi’s most common sights is that of streets packed with scooters, bicycles and cars swarming around pedestrians like a school of fish [3]. Then there are the many sidewalk vendors and people simply out for a stroll and the popular Old Quarter is no exception so walking around this district is distinct from a leisurely stroll in the park. Visitors have no choice but to face the traffic in the local style but the experience of exploring the historical area is a must-do and truly well worth it.

Basic framework strategy must be develop with an uprising and well organized movement from the structural factor, community leadership and social forces.

Factor includes the extent of investment near the city target and the need of enhancing the culture into the city. The community from the cultural organization up to the government agencies must participate for this development to work.

Social forces of the economic status ought to be deriving towards a higher per capita income. Therefore, in the direction of Hoan Kiem as a cultural city, it is surmise that Hoan Kiem, Hanoi will establish as a representation of cultural based city for the world to be acknowledge.

The concept of diversism is a movement of Constructed built up and connected theories of simultaneous Diverse trajectories.- Proving the current and most important forefront in multiple fields and industries is a direction towards increasing diverse production whilst Maintaining and protecting the biologically Diverse. This Diverse production is suited to how individuals wish to live their lifes, Constructing all human activity around protecting and increasing Biological and cultural Diverse richness. This theory has Constructed and brought together the separate simultaneous trajectories of the Diverse and threats to the Diverse. It sated that “Diversism is a response to Diminished, Enduring and Emergent Diversity.

These three categories will form the structure of analysis of the various subjects analyzed in this document, starting with the second of my five points of the Diverse” [4]. The figure 3 shows the diagram of the concept to be develop as a structure to the integrated city.

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Figure 3 Concept Diagrams

6

Hypothesis

By developing a leisure-based development and programs, and enhancing the streets, the city will be more welcoming for the tourist and the developers. The memory of leisure itself will become stronger and more livable to stay. This place need something that different from other city by means the culture itself will become its strangers point to develop. Hanoians people tend to get communicate to each other very often more that the visitors.

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Design Intervention

7.1 Framework The concept of Diversism will bring the inner culture of Hoan Kiem back to life.

Phase by phase the concept can make the community generate more income while enhancing the city more.

Figure 4.1 Overall Concept of Public Realm

Figure 4.1 shows the overall concept of proposed public realm in Hanoi that will be the morphology of the development. As a city that will never be enough for tourist the ideal of urban hangout will make all the people will enjoy their life by living in the society.

Figure 4.3 Phasing Strategies

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Figure 4.3 shows the phase of the development within 50 years of development.

The target of the development is to achieve the zero net carbon city and an economy-based city of Hanoi. In the first phase, the developers will develop and construct the main plaza for the attraction and will get the profit by make an iconic billboard with watch tower within few years. Phase 2, the developers will produce a self-buildable structure for the sellers to make an extension for their shop. The structure also can be built in the promenade area which will be rented to the shoppers. Phase 3 will be constructing the new typology of the residential because of the increasing of the people density and demand. In phase 3, some of developers will get their profit by renting their residential or making it as shops. Phase 4 is the last stage where all the development will be maintaining and rebranding the façade according to the time and demand. All the developers will make profit and assuming the profit will increasing 40% per years according to the phase development.

7.2 Strategy Urban Hangout is an idea where people will get out of the box and sees people and communicate with each other. By doing that there must have a strong strategies for community to commute with this idea. The figure 4.2 show the conceptual of Hanoi’s public realm will be like in few years.

The stages of urban strategies are; 1.

Community empowerment – Establishment of local community organization, allocation of community centre and community multipurpose plaza.

2.

Economical enhancement – Pilot production residential of both houses and hybrid products, café, hotel, hostel and cultural hybrid, new wholesale complex, street business upgrade, public accessible and modular business units for new business or business expansion.

3.

Promenade Runway as main canvas – Pedestrian priority walkway (no vehicle access), walkway upgrade, street components / furniture, greens for shading.

4.

Public realm and plazas – Community park and plaza on ground level of the street, pocket community garden on ground level park as well as on upper level of buildings, plazas on promenade that connect the promenade with the buildings.

5.

Circulation and parking upgrades – Integrated and mixed-use parking structures, service lane proposal, back lane upgrade especially near Line Clear restaurant, new bus and taxi stops

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Figure 4.2 Conceptual of Hanoi’s Public Realm

7.3 Hypothetical Programs In figure 4.2, all the programs will be develop to enhance the space and community life.

Figure 4.2 Planning Stratergies

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All the design will be based on the programs strategies to achieve the vision of healthy & pleasant community life. The catalysts to the development are: 1.

“100% useful, functional space” – Functional assemblage of smaller-sized facilities, forming individually themed patios, connected by roofed streets and cloisters. This spatial arrangement can create new features in the cultural landscape of Hanoi public space.

– By reducing the number of car lanes on the street we can provide a new pedestrian friendly space between the road and existing buildings. We can change the atmosphere of the site from a main road to new type of active promenade.

2.

Multilevel promenade- people over cars The new pedestrian deck eliminates the impact of car traffic on the current walkways. Furthermore, by reducing the number of car lanes it enables to double the exposed area of ground floor or even to introduce new functions and facilities. In this way, local shops, restaurants, local business people and artists receive new spaces and the quality of the existing space improves. Vertical flow can be achieved by staircases and elevators between the new pedestrian decks but also in some existing buildings if owners want to utilize their 3rd and 2nd floor.

3.

Plazas & streets A creative economy needs innovation. Innovation is often born in communication. The ground floor space, as a hub of creative economy, will be controlled from a programmatic point of view but its visual appearance will be the result of user activity. A democratic swarm like cultural fabric will be a place full of surprises, unusual views and atmosphere. A physical and visual connection with the 3rd level will engage people in larger scale activities. This will create a place which will be worth discovering as a visitor and rediscovering as an inhabitant.

4.

Section Porous connective surface. The 3rd floor surface connects the new port with future developments of the pedestrian deck above the street. Big scale events on the surface can interact with small scale spaces under the surfaces through openings – courtyards, patios squares.

5.

Framing the view The towers on the edge of the square create gateways to the City. A visual gate for the picturesque landscape of the buildings, and a physical gate towards activity centre on the street. In addition, new towers together with existing tall buildings create the walls of the square, changing it form an urban field to an urban interior.

6.

Creative economy city is a walkable city The roof level has a strong presence in the area. Instead of treating this level as just a bridge, a new functional level is created. The roof is no longer just a roof it also becomes target for activity.

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Figure 4.3 Programs Typologies

Figure 4.3 above shows the typologies of the programs that will be proposed by stages by refer to the strategies to achieve the target to this project.

1.

Super Plaza To be a multi-purpose plaza that community will make event on festival and ceremony.

2.

Housing The new housing typology is the solution of the over demand of house, hotel and hostel.

3.

Super Structure The structure that can easily be built of disposed to make extension of the shop.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

4. Big Billboard The billboard will make a good advertisement to the area with combination of the watch tower and the board. This will make as a landmark of the street.

5. Promanade The street will be redesign as a promenade of the area. This will make the area more interesting for people to hanging around walking to the streets.

6. Interaction Space The spaces that attract people to sit and hang out with each other will kill the time.

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Conclusion

Figure 4.4 Super plaza

By making the space for people to interact, the possibility of the outcome is infinite. The people will make income with it and some will make friends and more. The outcome will be same; increasing the economy & social. Figure 4.4 show the super plaza space where people tend to sit around and hang out with each other and make it a culture ilself. The development will make the economy increase within years. By injecting some programs this city will become a city that pleasant to live. All the city need is some refurbishment works to enhance and continue the heritage and cultural value of the site for the next generation to come to experience and to make it a journey of their own.

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References [1] Active Boomers Advanture, “Hanoi Vietnam, History, Old Quarter, French Quarter”, 2014, Available: http://www.activeboomeradventures.com/2014/01/17/hanoi vietnam-history-old-quarter-french-quarter/ (Accessed: 4 june 2016) [2] Geoffrey Godbey, “Leisure in Your Life”, State College, PA, Venture, p.

9, 1985 [3] Barbara Cohen, “Hanoi‘s Old Quarter: The 36 Streets”, 1994. Available at :http://thingsasian.com/story/hanois-old-quarter-36-streets (Accessed: 3 June 2016) [4] Luke Clayden, “What is Diversim”, 2008, Available at : http://www.lukeclayden.com/diversism/4589429753 (Accessed: 4 june 2016)

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Nostalgic Reinvigoration: Mapping the Urban Art and Performance Space A. I. Azman

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract

In light of modernism and technological development, the appreciation of Vietnamese old art and performance has been slowly fading away. The rapid urbanism and development in our era inevitable sort of ‘time-space compression’ that has radical effects on how people actually experience on social review upon the aesthetic value of Vietnamese Nostalgic and historic art and performance. New generation will eventually not being exposed by the heritage and lead to the decreasing patriotic value among them.

New divergent of Cultural Hub appear to transform and revitalize the site area to reinvigorate the awareness of appreciating the Nostalgic Vietnamese art and performance. The idea is to create a district of urban that exhibit all the heritage art and performance such as Water Puppet Theatre and Handicraft which should be preserved as a catalyst to future generation. By reinvigorate the value of art and performance in that district, the people will attract to come to the site and appreciate it. In addition, the project aims also to help and develop the Handcraft art as the main trader activities here. Besides that, the lake nearby and the historical building may become the factor of catalysing different typology to further increase the sites attract ability. Not only that, an institutional related to heritage art and performance also proposed to enlighten the new generation to continue this legacy in capturing the intangible.

Keywords: nostalgic, heritage, place locality and identity, screenplay, place relationship, cultural experiences, water puppet, handicraft, cultural.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital lies in the North of the country and is one of the country’s top tourist hot spots. It offers French-colonial architecture, a rich food culture and a long history (the city celebrated its millennium in 20 10.)

The most well-known and important districts in Hanoi are Ba Dinh District (aka the French Quarter) where the government offices are located and Hoan Kiem District (aka the Old Quarter) and the most vital road here which is Dinh Tien Hoang Street [1] which is considered the city’s business hub and main tourist destination.

One of Hanoi’s most common sights is that of streets packed with scooters, bicycles and cars swarming around pedestrians like a school of fish. Then there are the many sidewalk vendors and people simply out for a stroll and the popular Old Quarter is no exception so walking around this district is distinct from a leisurely stroll in the park. Visitors have no choice but to face the traffic in the local style but the experience of exploring the historical area is a must-do and truly well worth it. Hoàn Kiếm District is the downtown and commercial center of Hanoi. Most of the largest Vietnamese public corporations and bank headquarters are located here, but the central government offices are located in Ba Đình District (sometimes called the French quarter). The Hanoi City Committee is located on Dinh Tien Hoang Street [1], adjacent to the Hoan Kiem Lake.

Many of Hanoi's tourist attractions are located here, including: The Old Quarter, Hanoi Opera House, National Museum of Vietnamese History, and the Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre.

Figure 1(a) Key plan of Dinh Tien Hoang Street

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Figure 1(b) Figure ground of Dinh Tien Hoang Street

2

Site Setting

This site is located at the heart of Hoan Kiem, Hanoi. For specifically this site is along Dinh Tien Hoang street [1] which located east of Hoan Kiem Lake which are many historians and writers as place of convergence for several thousand years the sacred air of Thang Long-Hanoi. It hosts the religious and cultural activities with the presence of Ngoc Soc temple as well as the memorable Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre. From the theatre, spending several minutes of walking, visitors may do sightseeing and discover simultaneously many famous landscapes and cultural historical relics in Hanoi capital, such as Ngoc Soc Temple, Den Ba Kieu Temple, memorable sculpture of Quyet Tu De to Quoc, and Colonial Chao Mung Ky Niem Go Nam government office.

It is a place where art and performance, history, leisure and traffic mix together Hoan Kiem Lake is the focal point of Hanoi’s exotic old quarter. It is also part of art regulation which many heritage Vietnamese handicraft store available along the street. Steeped in legend, the serene water’s shores are a gathering place for locals to dance, read, eat, and gossip; a peaceful contrast to the hustle and bustle of the old quarter’s tangled maze of handicraft shops, galleries and cafes. Not to forget along the bottom of the site there were located Chinese and French heritage building which taken by the government as institutional office and administration. A step towards re-inventing the area is to reinvigorate the art and performance of Vietnamese heritage as the cultural hub combine the hybrid towards institutional area as think city.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 2(a) The government vision: Perkins Eastman master plan where Hanoi plays an important role in both municipal and national socio-economic development strategies.

By 2030, the lead planners in a large international team, Perkins Eastman developed the Hanoi Capital Construction Master Plan [2] as a framework to guide the city's development for the next 20 years and establish a vision for the city to become one of the most liveable, sustainable, and attractive world capital cities by 2050. To organize and plan for Hanoi's expected urban growth to over nine million people by 2030, a comprehensive planning approach was needed to encompass social, economic, physical, and environmental issues. This same approach needed to prioritize flexibility to accommodate changing conditions over time, as well as the ability to establish strong coordination between regulatory agencies. Among the most important features of the plan is the accepted recommendation that 70% of Hanoi— including its remaining natural areas and most productive agricultural land —be permanently protected from further development as part of a broad sustainability strategy. A second major part of the plan calls for strict preservation of the historic structures and precincts, tree-lined streets, river banks and lakes, and other features especially in Old Quarters such as Dinh Tien Hoang St and Ba Dinh St that make Hanoi an inherently beautiful and liveable city. The plan has received wide acceptance and support from the many involved agencies and ministries, as well as the public.

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Figure 2(b) Hanoi Capital Construction Master Plan

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

3

Potentials and Dilemmas

3. 1 Dilemmas: 3.1.1 Monotonous and Outmoded Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre The decaying Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre Decreasing in productivity and economic growth due to rivalling new and modern Lotus Water Puppet Theatre. Less Hall of Theatre also become the factor for the Thang Long Water Puppet became less attractive.

Figure 3.1.1 (a) Thang Long Water Puppet Visitor After presence Lotus Theatre

Figure 3.11 (b) Thang Long Water Puppet Visitor Monthly

Figure 3.11 (c) Thang Long Water Puppet Location

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110 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 3.1.2 Soaring Commercial affects the Unbounded Pedestrian Walkway In this site, commercial activities took place in every edge of pedestrian walkway and it spread in almost every cluster. With the presence of the hawkers, coffee culture and lots of motorcycle parking making the pedestrian walkway affected and not affective anymore.

Figure 3.12 Pedestrian Walkway around Dinh Tien Hoang Street

3.1.3 Subordinate Cultural and Academy Quality Area The site location considered as the centre of the Hoan Kiem District. This may affects less cultural and academy building making the knowledge of handicraft and water puppet become lesser the awareness between the local especially young generations.

Figure 3.13 Cultural and Academy Quality Area

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

3.1.4 Improper Rat Hole Blocks Access to Inner Location of Cluster In this site, every cluster always have their own Rat hole to access to inner site of the cluster. The problem occurs when most of the Rat Hole cannot be access when the owner sometimes lock the entrance. Other than that, lots of other problem also occurs such as social conditions, hygiene and maintenance and traffic congestion.

Figure 3.1.4 Rat Hole Phenomenon

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112 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 3. 2 Potentials: 3.2.1 Exhilarate the Commercial Area and Economic Growth The local trading industry in this area mostly 80% focussing on handicraft and souvenir industry. The potential is to create a commercial centre focussing on handicraft for the locals which would sustain their living as well as counter proposing of the gallery, cafĂŠ and hotel. Proposing a programmes that into wholesale may revitalize this site into vital handicraft suppliers.

Figure 3.2.1 Commercial Area

3.2.2 Embrace the Usage of the Waterfront as Public Spaces and Nodes The site confront with the Hoan Kiem Lake which has potential into becoming public spaces for local and tourist to enjoy the scene and the spirit of nostalgic due to myth of the Golden Turtle. The unused spaces at the lake will be utilized into water puppet theatre stage outdoor which can create a hub where promoting those Vietnamese art and performance.

Figure 3.2.2 Waterfront as Public Spaces and Nodes

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

3.2.3 Accommodating Public Spaces for Locals Public Spaces which existed has fail to intensify into a vivacious place.

The new intervention will accommodate super programming in the public spaces to energize the vibrant of the site.

Figure 3.2.3 Public spaces for locals

3.2.4 Revolution of Residential Vertical Blocks The increase of population have create a high density in the area which enables a new typology of residential which can sustain the impacts of commercial development. The new housing typology will emerge for all type of locals.

Figure 3.2.4 Residential revolution

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4

Theory

When culture is shared and evolve, tourism and heritage will be co-exist. These existence shall encourage the revenue generator which shall sustain the conservation and preservation of the culture itself in heritage manner. This proposition of heritage, tourism and planning seems to differ but it leads to a conclusion that seems reasoning towards one conclusion of this trio of theory shall enhance this project development according to Noha N. “The relationship between planning, heritage, and tourism is one of paradox”, John Urry, Sociologist [3].

My argument is that successful cultural quarters tend to share the attributes of good urban places in general, offering beneficial and self-sustaining combinations of activity, form and meaning. They will, moreover, be dynamic and significant places where new work is available and where culture is produced and consumed. Where they are successful, cultural quarters should stimulate new ideas and become places where new products and new opportunities can be explored, discussed, tried and tested according to John Montgomery from the article an urban re-invention through cultural quarters as an urban catalyst. Then according to Lewis Mumford stated that a city as a theatre which from his statement “experience economy through the urban scene and urban drama”. Not only that, Lewis Mumford also quoted citizens are spectators and co-performers in urban drama [3]. But a strict preservation of heritage shall not discourage the process of modernity. Too much of heritage will move us backwards. The urban form needs to be reunite and the integration between building and places will produce activities for the urban program. Enhancing the urban form is based on its land use planning and social ideas. Existing building and land use need to be transform. The transformation should be manage and resolve by coagulation of its activities, needs and aspiration between locals and tourists. The social ideas of its ownership patterns and the externality of local economy should be develop to form a rendition of successful urban form.

The concept of culture re-producing cities came from Malcolm Miles from the book of cities and cultures where the subtopic is critical induction to urbanism and the city. Re-presentation of cities as cultural sites which as the main factors of urbanism and reasons why people assemble in a city.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

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Thesis Statement

This site is the financial, cultural and commercial hub of Hoan Kiem District. Most travellers will spend the majority of their time here [4]. Home to most of the major sights and an expanding number of commercial and heritage building. Old Quarter also cover the Dinh Tien Hoang Street. On a visit to Hoan Kiem Lake you will experienced lots of cultural and heritage value of Vietnam.

6

Hypothesis

By advocate the heritage art and performance to the social, the public will be more prone to exhibit there. By metamorphose the area into an attrition cultural hot spot, the economical and demanding will be rose up rapidly. By established a new axis of institutional to the area, the attraction of new generation will increase. By creating new landmark, giving the sense of increasing the foot traffic and tourist to historic place. By combining cultural and economy activity, creating new positive urban space that correspond the issue of social networking.

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework A structure idea essential underlying the urban restructure system in this project.

Uplifting maximum development, occupy utmost potential development of the site from its infill, replacement and its open space thereby increasing commercial value and activity on site. Enliven back of cities with an intensified blocks, lanes, parking space, back of house, alley behind main street aim to be relived in active and engage courtyard, wooers and patio entered by pedestrian and bikers. Environs cultivation which hoisting the environment from ground to rooftop. Approaching the potential spot of greenery upmost prospective to ensure a greatness of the green city roaring by the state vision [5].

Connecting with a bigger picture making a city connection between neighborhood and city place by creating an integrated network of walkaway and transportation system. Intensifying the web work of city, grow the population of living and working as for replacing identify underdeveloped points of site with idyllic sustainable of mixed use system with respecting the existing successful activity program. Mix used restructuring program, the new development for the facilities and program is fuse in term of usage and operation to replicate further the existing mix use program with the new propose urban injection scheme.

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116 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 7.2 Strategy Multi Development of art and performance facilities and program intended for the city growing also the urban reconstructive to be disperse and manoeuvre by the local and tourist. As shown in Figure 7.2 is the metaphor of the strategy which taken by the structure of human hand, contains skin, bone and muscle. Each of the components describe the difference between the program injections. First and foremost, the skin represent enhancement program injections such as events, performance, exhibition and festivals. Moving to the bone, acts as core programmes to be implement by the presence of academy, shops, hostel, commercial area, studio, gallery and performance studio. Lastly, the muscle acts as supportive programmes with the presences of typologies such as Theatre Hall, Art Park, Sculpture Park, Leisure Park, CafĂŠ and accommodations.

Figure 7.2 Strategy Metaphore

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

7.3 Design Strategies Core layer (red colour), is adding core programmes typologies into the existing Shop house. The programmes are shops or commercial which focussing on handicraft trading activities. Academic programmes injection also took part in core layer which proposing classroom, hostel and performance studio.

Figure 7.3 (a) Core Layer

Supportive Layer (yellow colour), is the implementation of facilities which to be rent or attend which events can be organised. The facilities such as Art Park, Sculpture Park, art park, leisure park, cafe and theatre hall. Also proposing Sky Bridge to cross within cluster which to make any travel within building much easier and faster.

Figure 7.3 (b) Supportive Layer

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118 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi Enhancement Layer (orange colour), is the programmes which implements facilities or typologies that have programmes that making the site much merrier and happening with the presence of accommodation, outdoor performance stage and gallery.

Figure 7.3 (c) Supportive Layer

Overall Program Development that combine all the strategies will make the urban interventions more successful and generate the economic and social growth of the District.

Figure 7.3 (d) Overall Program Development

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

8

Urban Infill Intervention

The existing program at this site are mix commercial of retails, restaurant, bar, hotel, lodge and leisure program. The condition of luxurious of open space and back of cities make it as a potential to integrate the existing program with the potentialities of open space and back of cities to form a new sensual pleasure of a characterization of voluptuous cultural hub. With the new scheme of addition blocks scheme at the upper level and the business and art program at through the roads, the economy is efficiently maximize. Most local and tourist come to relive the excitement of heritage. Now they can even participate and experience the heritage itself by involving in the festivities event along the site area of Hoang Tien Street.

Figure 8 Urban Infill Intervention

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9

Conclusion

Heritage needs to be preserve and conserved but in the same time new injection of programed need to be invent and restructured so that heritage site development provide the tourism product to fulfill the needs of tourist and local people. Primary and secondary element of urban tourism product both important to enhance the urban tourism. The secondary element supports the primary element in their attraction to visitor. The connectivity that connects the promenade area must provide varieties of activities to attract people and the permeability to go from one place to another place must offer more than one way. Leisure setting such as waterfront, heritage site must be regenerate and revitalized [5]. It will enhance the environment and the surrounding of the place. Besides that, the waterfront must be accessible by the public and the entrance must be highly visible from the public area. The leisure pockets invention is to provide the ‘ludic features’ in the site. This leisure pocket will contribute to the attractiveness and offer varieties of activities occur to the tourist.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

10 References [1]

S. Curnier, "Programming Play into Public Space", pp. 23,44-48, 2015.

[2]

R. Crags, "Tourism and Urban Regeneration", an Analysis of Visitor Perception, Behavior and Experience at the Quays and Safford, pp. 23. 4448., 2008.

[3]

J. Masojada, Reactive and Interactive Architectural form, pp. 20-24, 1999.

[4]

M. Nefs, "Unused Urban Space", Conservator or Transformation?

Polemics about the Future of Urban Wastelands and Abandoned Building, pp. 14-18,25, 2006.

[5]

D. Brent D, "The Entertainment Zone", Unplanned Nightlife and Revitalization of American Downtown, 2008. [6] S. A.Cohen, "Lifestyle Travelers", Backpacking as a way of Life., 2001.

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Creative Milieux : Rethinking Culture and Heritage as Catalyst for Creative Community M. S. A. Rahim

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract Culture and heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a group or society that are inherited and passed on from generation to generation, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generation. It is a legacy of physical artefact and intangible attributes including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. As such, it is a physical manifestation of the internal creative impulse. A new creative solution or product need to be offer in order to preserve culture and heritage that will lead to new opportunity in economy and tourism. A cultural consumption not only limited to the end products such as paintings, traditional performances and foods, but also the process of it. A cultural consumption need to have access to education and knowledge that will not only improves tourism and generate income but also harnessing the creativity of both local society and tourists. Therefore, heritage site must offer a variety of attraction places and interactive programmes to create a vibrant ambience and attract visitor at the same time. The functions of the spaces not only limited to physical but also mental interaction between man and form. Despite the conflicts between preservation of historic town and new development, we can hybrid the both to create a more flexible and interactive environment. The strategy is to connect and inject the element of learn and play programming into the site. By implementing these features, will harness the creativity of both local and tourist and increase the vibrancy.

Keywords: culture, heritage, creativity, cultural consumption

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

As the oldest continuously developed area of Vietnam, Hanoi's Old Quarter has a history that spans 2,000 years and represents the eternal soul of the city. Located between the Lake of the Restored Sword, the Long Bien Bridge, a former city rampart, and a citadel wall, the Old Quarter started as a snake and alligator-infested swamp. It later evolved into a cluster of villages made up of houses on stilts, and was unified by Chinese administrators who built ramparts around their headquarters.

In the early 13th century, Old Quarter began to acquire its reputation as a crafts area when the collection of tiny workshop villages which clustered around the palace walls evolved into craft cooperatives, or guilds. Skilled craftsmen migrated to the Quarter, and artisan guilds were formed by craftsmen originating from the same village and performing similar services. Members of the guilds worked and lived together, creating a cooperative system for transporting merchandise to the designated streets in the business quarter.

When storekeepers were taxed according to the width of their storefront, storage and living space moved to the rear of the buildings. Consequently, the long and narrow buildings were called "tube houses." Typical measurements for such houses are 3 meters wide by 60 meters long.

The Old Quarter has a rich religious heritage. When the craftsmen moved from outlying villages into the capital, they brought with them their religious practices.

They transferred their temples, pagodas and communal houses to their new location. Therefore, on each street in the Old Quarter there is at least one temple.

Now, many of the old temples in the Old Quarter have been transformed into shops and living quarters, but some of the old buildings' religious roots can still be recognized by the architecture of their roofs.

The Old Quarter has the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning the city consisted 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street then had merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk or jewellery. The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations. Local cuisine specialties can be found here also. A night market in the heart of the district opens for business every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food.

2

Site Setting

Packed with charming colonial architecture, Buddhist temples and pagodas, the Old Quarter, located near Hoan Kiem Lake in Hoan Kiem District, is Hanoi’s major commercial district and tourist hotspot. Its heart and soul is exposed in the ancient commercial streets which are named after their original businesses dating back about 1,000 years. Though most of the specialties (cotton, jewellery, herbs, and silk) have changed over time and have been replaced with a variety of modern-day commodities and services, visitors can still appreciate some of the original goods as well as get a feel of rich old Vietnamese customs.

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Figure 1(a): Key plan of Downtown Hoan Kiem

Figure 1(b): Figure ground

Figure 1(c): Site parameter

Old Quarter is a very picturesque district, sometimes dubbed the Paris of the East.

With its tree-fringed boulevards, more than two dozen lakes and thousands of French colonial-era buildings, Old Quarter is a popular tourist attraction. The dwellings has a street-facing façade and multiple courtyards inside. The front part of the buildings is where trading takes place while the family occupies the rest. Though one shop-house was meant to be for one family (with many generations in it), nowadays it is more common to see quite a few families jammed in under one roof. Expect to find plenty of hip cafÊ, bars, a variety of restaurants, bakeries, boutique shops and art galleries in this historical area.

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3

Potentials and Dilemmas

The site was a commercial hub and also hotspot for tourist in Hanoi. However, the area faces an issues of declination of identity due to global modernization. Many buildings was replaced by a modern characteristics without respects the contextual identity. Meanwhile the cultural consumption aspects such as creative and craft industries was declining, replaced and do not have a good programmes because the economics activities were too focused on fillings the basic needs of the flooding tourist. Therefore this scenarios will cause the creative industry people and economy declined and led to degrading the identity of Old Quarter thus have a bad effects on tourism in Hanoi.

The site have potentials to reviving its images and identity due to the richness in culture and heritage. Also the potentials to attracts locals and tourist, as the site once a good place where creative industry people likes craftsmen and artisan to come and shares their ideas among others therefore increase the living standards and economy.

4

Theory

4.1 Creative City

Figure 2: Theory diagram

Explained briefly, the basis of Landry’s creative city theory is that people hold the key to creativity, and cities that can harness this creativity will rise to the fore in the creative economy. He emphasises the importance of creating conditions and opportunities for creativity to flourish in cities by “paying attention to how people can meet, exchange ideas and network [1]. Similarly, Florida insists upon the importance of people to the success of cities in the creative economy, specifically those talented people working in creative industries, whom he terms the creative class. According to Florida, these people drive the creative economy and therefore a city must cater to their specific needs in order to attract them. A good quality of life does help cities attract talent and grow economically.

The proposed creative environment was supported by a theory of collaborative spaces. According to the research by knoll [2] a creative ideas and innovation is

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126 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi nurtured through informal meeting, social interactions, and creative interactions.

Collaborative spaces provide an opportunity for various people to meet and encounter accidentally and informally through activity or places. This encounter will nurture an exchange of diverse viewpoint that could bring new ideas of creativity or solutions to the problems. A collaborative space is also functional as a role of meditation as it could relieve the tension that happened during the design process The key mechanism at work here is the city itself. Dense and interactive connectors, cities are economic and social organizing machines. They bring people and ideas together, providing the platform for them to combine and recombine in myriad ways, spurring both artistic and cultural creativity and technological innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth [3].

5

Thesis Statement

Figure 3: Design statement diagram

5.1 Cultural Quarter The concept of the cultural quarter as an approach to urban regeneration considers the policy objectives of making such designations, the approach to ‘making’ places which are deemed to be more rather than less artistic and cultural in the broader senses of the word, and the methods and mechanisms for implementation and ongoing management [4]. This is usually linked to the redevelopment or regeneration of a selected inner urban area, in which mixed-use urban development is to be encouraged and the public realm is to be reconfigured. In other words, cultural quarters tend to combine strategies for greater consumption of the arts and culture with cultural production and urban place making.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

5.2 Creative Clusters The creative class is an environment of excellence focused on creativity. It comprises: creative people (creative class and entrepreneurs), creative economy (creative industries) and creative places (creative districts) [5]. The new injection will be focused on the economic instrument, people instrument and places instruments. To respect the context and existing features of the areas some of the existing program will be enhanced with relocation to a new places or by using adaptive reuse program for the heritage building. The local residents will get the benefit from the creative clusters through art program or by creating new job thus empowering the community. While existing program will be benefited through the rebranding and enhancement of the program that will attract more customer and tourist.

5.3 Scene The term ‘scene’ was first widely used by journalists in the 1940s to describe the marginal and bohemian ways of life of jazz people. Namely, scenes with distinct cultural forms, the locality of scenes and scenes as the concentration of people will developed a concept of scenes as an essential component adding to cluster and quarters in the typological exploration of creative places [6].

6

Hypothesis

The site is in need of an urban cultural led catalyst for urban regeneration by using the creative city module. The will underlined the idea to propose an interactional space and programmes for both local and outsiders to interacts, shares and communicates to generating a creative city also rejuvenates and reflects the potential of identity of the site. By injecting the ideas, a creative spaces typologies will be created to facilitate and accommodate a variation on activities and programmes hence improves the social, environment and economy.

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework The addition of open spaces in the dwellings are implemented to improve the quality of life and social interaction. Also, the extension of programmes to support the main programme of the particular building for diversity. A number of nodes at the ground level will be linked to form a connection hence promotes the social interaction and give a lively streets also help improves accessibility in to the site.

The nodes will be injected a different programme responded to the particular event to provide flexibility and providing various operational hours to ensure vitality.

This potential spaces will encourage social cohesion hence generates idea for creativity while providing leisure and entertainment.

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Figure 4: Urban framework diagram

7.2 Strategy The potential spaces and important venues will be identified based on the issues and potentials of the site. Adaptive use, reprogramming, refurbishment and rebranding are some of the method to rejuvenate the current scenario in the site.

These spaces will be injected with a new programme or extended to support the current existing programme. The nodes will act as connector and supporting these programme also as providing social interaction spaces for the user.

7.2.1 Shophouses reprogramming The existing shophouses will selected to be added a new or extended interactive programmes. A typical of three main programme will be added based on the concept of quarter, scene and cluster. This will create a new opportunity for economy and increase the diversity of programmes and activity in the site.

Figure 5: Shophouses extension diagram

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

7.2.2 Street zoning The existing streets will be identify and zoned based on its suitability and potentials such as food street, art street and festivals street. The streets will be added a new extension of interactive programmes to promotes culture and add vibrancy to the surrounding places.

Figure 6: Street zoning diagram

7.3 Hypothetical Programs

Figure 7: Hypothetical diagram

The potential spaces and important venues will be identified based on the issues and potentials of the site. Adaptive use, reprogramming, refurbishment and rebranding are some of the method to rejuvenate the current scenario in the site.

These spaces will be injected with a new programme or extended to support the current existing programme. The nodes will act as connector and supporting these programme also as providing social interaction spaces for the user.

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8

References [1] Landry, C. and L, C. (2008) The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators. 2nd edn. London: Earthscan Publications.

[2] Pantea, M.. (2013) ‘Book review: Civic youth work: Co-creating democratic youth spaces’, Research on Social Work Practice, 23(6), pp.

722–723. doi: 10.1177/1049731513477497.

[3] Florida, R. (2003) ‘Cities and the creative class’, City and Community, 2(1), pp. 3–19. doi: 10.1111/1540-6040.00034.

[4] Montgomery, J. (2003) ‘Cultural quarters as mechanisms for urban regeneration. Part 1: Conceptualising cultural quarters’, Planning Practice and Research, 18(4), pp. 293–306. doi: 10.1080/1561426042000215614.

[5] Wen, W. (2012) ‘Scenes, quarters and clusters: The formation and governance of creative places in urban china’, Cultural Science Journal, 5(2).

[6] Peterlin, M. (2016) ‘Creative urban regeneration: Potentials in the Ljubljana urban region’, .

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Phuong 4

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Ensemble Urban Motley: ‘X’ Spot Stimulus Towards Art and Culture Market Neighbourhood M. A. Sued

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract ‗Art and culture‘ based economy is one of the approaches to generate a sustainable economy development in this neighbourhood of Old Quarter of Hanoi. This type of industry is also potentially important contributor to social cohesion and urban development through the promotion of art and cultural dialogue, understanding and collaboration [1]. The first intention is revitalizing the business market and residential areas in this Old Quarter by catalysing its art and cultural and in the same time preserving on its art and cultural identity. The wide-open square at the centre, residential and buildings along the streets is an existing component of the Old Quarter that has a big potential for economy. In addition, local economy such as theatre performance, local cuisine, traditional Vietnamese coffee café, silk textiles shops, wines and fashion shops were potential to be magnetism to this area.

The local people can learn to appreciate their art and culture if they lived within the border. Therefore, by enhancing the residential living can contribute to this urban development. Besides enhancing and injecting a program, that pushes the market economy and residential life in this area, built environment plays an important role in ligature this market city. Therefore, the second intention is to ensemble the incongruously situations that varied in character and appearance on this district. All this can be done by enhancing and re-injecting a ligature into this district. New public realms in this district will be a gathering place for locals and tourist to interact with each other and then it will encourage new programs to be add-on. In addition, well-designed space must be integrated in the context urban fabric not just indoor space but also the urban scape and streetscape. Lastly, the impact of this approach will exhibit great diversity of elements of sustainable market economy and living in this city.

Keywords: Art and cultural, market, economy, square, ligature, public realm, diversity, urban scape, streetscape sustainable

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Figure 1 (a) Old City Gate that survives until today Hanoi, Vietnam‘s capital lies in the North of the country and is one of the country‘s top tourist hot spots. It offers French-colonial architecture, a rich food culture and a long history (the city celebrated its millennium in 2010.)

The most well-known and important districts in Hanoi are Ba Dinh District (aka the French Quarter) where the government offices are located and Hoan Kiem District (aka the Old Quarter) which is considered the city‘s business hub and main tourist destination. In relation with the design task given, we were asked to focus and study on the detail of the urban fabric of Old Quarter, which is located at the center of Hanoi. As the oldest continuously developed area of Vietnam, Hanoi's Old Quarter has a history that spans 2,000 years and represents the eternal soul of the city.

The Old Quarter began to acquire its reputation as a crafts area when the Vietnamese attained independence in the 11th century and King Ly Thai To build his palace there. In the early 13th century, the collection of tiny workshop villages which clustered around the palace walls evolved into craft cooperatives, or guilds.

Skilled craftsmen migrated to the Quarter, and artisan guilds were formed by craftsmen originating from the same village and performing similar services.

Members of the guilds worked and lived together, creating a cooperative system for transporting merchandise to the designated streets in the business quarter.

Because inhabitants of each street came from the same village, streets developed a homogeneous look. Commoners' homes evolved out of market stalls, before streets were formed. Because storekeepers were taxed according to the width of their storefront, storage and living space moved to the rear of the buildings.

Consequently, the long and narrow buildings were called "tube houses." Typical measurements for such houses are 3 meters wide by 60 meters long.

The Old Quarter has a rich religious heritage. When the craftsmen moved from outlying villages into the capital, they brought with them their religious practices.

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136 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi They transferred their temples, pagodas and communal houses to their new location. Each guild has one or two religious structures and honors its own patron saint or founder. Therefore, on each street in the Old Quarter there is at least one temple. Now, many of the old temples in the Old Quarter have been transformed into shops and living quarters, but some of the old buildings' religious roots can still be recognized by the architecture of their roofs. [2]

2

Site Setting

The location for this project is located in the heart of the Old Quater, Hang Da and Hang Dieu streets. It is a melting pot of cultures, attitudes and livelihoods.

Comparing with other area which has been places a strong emphasis on ‗international living‘ pattern, this site retains a unique Vietnamese characteristic within its urban fabric. Its street pattern remains from the 15th century, when trade streets emerged that specialized in leather goods still reflected in street names today.

Constant division of properties over the centuries led to the creation of the Quarter‘s characteristic tube houses, providing live-work spaces for the residents in this area. A high percentage of the local population has benefited, as they have transformed their ―tube‖ houses into shops, cafes, restaurants and hotels. There is a thriving street economy, with street hawkers, commuting to this area each day from the countryside to sell vegetables and other goods. Constant division of properties over the centuries led to the creation of the Quarter‘s characteristic tube houses, providing live-work spaces for the residents of this area. [3]

Figure 1 (b) Site plan of Hang Da street area

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 1 (c) Figure plan of site in Old Quarter

3

Dilemmas and Potentials

Within Old Quarter exists a striking dichotomy between extremes of the urban reality. The high-end building market place such as Hang Da Galleria Art and Craft Centre recently faces many challenges due to the amount of luxury goods consumption is very low among the locals and this building is preparing to close its doors soon if this problem continuous happen. Many factors that contribute to this problem and one this reason is being isolated from surrounding buildings that majorly is low type of building and located at the low income community area.

The luxurious shopping market and the low budget shopping market coexist as largely separate entities. Therefore, local people more interested to shopping at affordable market area. On the same issue, The National Vietnam Tuong Theatre faces the same challenge to exist because the location of this building is in between the shop house; it is hard to be recognized by the visitors. It is become camouflaged within the shop houses due to the lack of creativity on vibrancy this building and promoting culture of opera.

Figure 2 (a) Luxurious building surrounding by shop house buildings

Figure 2 (b) Unnoticeable theatre building due to the lack of creativity in promoting art and culture

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Old Quarter is recognized as one of the most overcrowded cities in the world. The lack of formally designated business market can be seen by the extensive use of the sidewalk and street space by the street vendors. The sidewalks of this area are the site of an eclectic array of activities spanning domestic, social, recreational, and business uses. Such practices often result in conflicts between public uses and the private appropriation of public space. The rampant personal and commercial use of public space is manifested by the plethora of street vendors, sidewalks being taken over by them for private use as example eating space. All this cause no open space for the local to gather.

Figure 2 (c) Lack of space for street hawkers and inadequate public realms for the people in this area This area is being in development process. In recently years, economic development quickly brings about development of many fields. The numbers of vehicle increases while the infrastructure as parking area has not caught yet. The compounded by the rapid growth of the use of motorcycles, the vehicles often illegal invariably parked on sidewalks, which causing the limitation for the pedestrian to walk and forcing pedestrians to walk in the streets among vehicles.

Figure 2 (d) Inadequate parking area Old Quarter displays exceptional urban ensembles between old and new architectural. This area is characterized by an organic network of narrow street lined with traditional shop houses. This built heritage experienced considerable transformations over time due to either war destruction, poor maintenance during less affluent periods, transformations by users due to changes in needs and tastes, and demolition to make way for larger and more profitable building. Based on the observation, Old Quarter‘s built heritage is at risk of disappearing if nothing done to curb degradation, inappropriate renovations and rapid demolitions.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 2 (e) Lack of creativity in conservation heritage building Urban housing is perennial problem in Old Quarter. In this area, most dwellings are low rise but with high density. The self-help housing production contributed to decrease unsustainable housing densities in this inner city. A large proportion of the dwellings so produced do not qualify for basic neighbourhood infrastructures, including environmental utilities and services such as clean water and sanitation access. The spatial landscape ensuing from this informal urbanization is also considered as disorderly, unsuitable for the capital city of a modern, and developed.

Thus, a high density on this area enables a new typology which can sustain the impact of development.

The existence of the ‗X‘ spot area as a potential for this area give a good benefit. ‗X‘ spot area that consist of open square and two main roads intersect creates a huge nodes in this area. This node has strong attraction that stimulates and drain the energy on the street thus reducing density on the streets and concentrate only to the nodes. Thus, the wide-open square at the centre, residential and buildings along the streets is an existing component of the Old Quarter has a high potential for economy generator. In addition, the potential of this area is obviously the local art and cultural economy itself such as theatre performance, local cuisine, traditional Vietnamese coffee café, silk textiles, wines and fashion shops were the main catalyst. As mostly the area reflected the France colonial heritage, people come to this area to feel the historic value as well as observing the Vietnamese lifestyle.

Residential in this city have a potential on contribute a lot to development intensity.

Therefore, by enhancing the residential living can contribute to this urban development.

Figure 2 (f) ‗X‘ Spot stimulation area

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Figure 2 (g) Development intensity which is inspire the local to maximize the usage of their space by creating a vertical typology of housing block

Figure 2 (h) (i) The place where the remains of the strong existence of the history and cultural of local communities

4

Theory

The term ―ensemble urban motley‖ refer to a group of items consist of different aspects; old and new building, cultures, economic activities, communities, and spatial distribution of buildings that are incongruously varied in appearance or character to be viewed as a completely harmonious unity rather than individually.

As a rule ensembles include programs, roads, drainage system, public spaces and other public amenities of the territory. An important role in planning an ensemble is played by the site potential conditions. An architectural ensemble is achieved through the integrity of the spatial arrangement of the urban construction complex, the unity of scale, and the rhythm and the module of the buildings and installations that form the ensemble. An ensemble can be created at one time on the basis of a single plan and in one style or over a long period by complementing the original

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

composition with structures of a different style. In the latter case, the integrity of the ensembles is preserved only if the general principles of its construction are adhered to, in a combination of the new with the old. By exhibiting this great diversity of elements, all these ensembles existences shall encourage the revenue generator in the city. Man lives in the urban environment in an ensemble in which his private space stands only for one of its components. The way he experience this ensemble, through his activities, influences the layout of his habitat. Therefore, the significant point in the building form is the type of the culturally defined response that is given by people to their needs, i.e., its shape, place and function. [4] In addition, the Ensembles consist of different aspects; heritage building, modern buildings, cultures, economic activities, site potentials and programs that is incongruously varied in appearance or character to a harmonious unity. These existences shall encourage the revenue generator which exhibiting great diversity of the city.

Figure 3 The theory of ensemble

5

Thesis Statement

5.1 ENSEMBLE URBAN MOTLEY: STIMULATING ART AND CULTURE MARKET AS CATALYST FOR URBAN REVITALIZATION The proposal is about a stimulation of art and culture market in Hang Da area which acting as a catalyst to encourage revitalization of the city and in the same time enhance the identity of this area by conserving the art and culture. Culture – based urban strategies can open new paths for job creation and locally owned economic development. This can be achieved through the ensemble of incongruous art and cultural markets place and residential area with a new injection of programs and connectivity.

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Figure 4 Stimulating process for city revitalization

6

Hypothesis

This Ensemble Urban Motley proposal is aim to stimulate a liveable and sustainable environment into this Old Quarter, in revitalizing the market and residential areas by catalysing on its art and cultural. The objectives of the proposal is to ensemble the incougrously characteristics of this place that consists of market and residential area by injecting a ligature that consist of connectivities elements that connect this varieaties to be viewed as a whole rather than individuality, and in the same time preserving on its art and cultural identity. Therefore, by enhancing the residential living, it will contribute to this liveable city development. The objectives can be achieved through an intervention of connecting and enhancing the market place and residential area with injection of art and culture activities within this area. Hence, it generate a strong interaction and connectivity of cultural and socialvalues between the local, local economic stimulation as well as improvement to environmental quality. The impact of this approach will exhibit great diversity of elements of sustainable market economy and living in this city.

7

Design Concepts

7.1 Street Softener In reaction to rapid developments that are often deficit of quality spaces, some design uses the notion of softening the streets to appeal users to come outdoors for the betterment of their health and wellbeing. In place that identified mature highdensity -low-rise urban fabric of a more human-friendly scale are most vibrant with a larger variety of mixed use. Thus, the design promotes widespread mixed use with spaces optimised, encouraging active interactions among the young to old.

Paired with good walkable street design and harnessing inactive open spaces, more streets and open spaces have their variety in of predominant activities. This attributes having a wider variety of spaces reachable to everyone. Mixed use accommodates flexibility for adapting to changing needs through time. There is maintained relevance to the society and this attributes to the longevity of public spaces reduces the unsustainable option of demolition and major upgrades due to obsolescence.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 5 (a) Creating organic spillout of programs to create physical diversity where monotonous space and structure transformed into hybrid of uses 7.2 Arcology In nature, as an organism evolves it increases in complexity and it also becomes a more compact or miniaturized system. Similarly, a city should function as a living system. Arcology, architecture and ecology as one integral process, is capable of demonstrating positive response to the many problems of urban civilization, population, pollution, energy and natural resource depletion, food scarcity and quality of life. Arcology recognizes the necessity of the radical reorganization of the sprawling urban landscape into dense, integrated, three-dimensional cities in order to support the complex activities that sustain human culture. The city is the necessary instrument for the evolution of humankind. [5]

Figure 5 (b) Positioning modular blocks on urban fabric to accommodate additional spaces for high-density dwelling 7.3 Urban Connectivity Leads to Urban Vitality It is better to have many small projects that interconnect with the existing city fabric—and are interdependent with the city at large—than to ‗redevelop‘ entire sections of the city in isolation, even if it would otherwise support walkability. This concept is connected to the need for a mix of building ages, not only to create a diversity of uses (and users), but almost as importantly, to create visual diversity and an aesthetic interest in the city. This is what urban vitality is all about. [6]

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Figure 5 (c) Creating small project that interconnect with the existing city fabric to support walkability experience and to create interaction between the locals

7.4 Culture and Heritage as Catalyst Economic Vitality Culture-based urban strategies can open new paths for job creation and locallyowned economic development. Cultural and creative industries, the performing arts and heritage conservation activities can be a reservoir of qualified jobs for urban poor, in both the formal and informal sectors. The cultural industries and the creative economy play a growing role in cities development and transformation process es and increasingly contribute to local economy and employment and need to be taken into account in urban frameworks. safeguarding and pro,oting culture at the local level is a way to develop endegenous resources and create conditions for sustainable revenue generation. The development of sustainable cultural tourism can also be a catalyst for revenue generation to upgrade urban infrastructure especially in developing countries. [7]

Figure 5 (d) Improving and enhancing art and culture building to stimulate surrounding market economy

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

8

Design Principles

8.1 Reprogramming and Enhancing Reprogramming and enhancing the existing market business area and local residential area to boost the property value.

8.2 Heritage Preservation Conserve and preserve the French colonial architecture existing building while reprogramming the internal function to increase the value of place.

8.3 Art and Local Cultural Identity Establish and promoting art and local cultural identity to the global by designing the unique character of the urban space.

8.4 Proximity The Ensemble Urban Motley provides an efficient and lively urban environment by physically connecting a mix of activities such as living, working, learning and leisure. In this way efficient and equitable access to most of the city‘s amenities and are available within minutes. Although life in such a setting will be intense and exciting, at times it could be taxing on individuals. For this reason, Ensemble Urban Motley also features immediate access to open space and nature, to provide opportunities to decompress.

8.5 Less Consumption (Embodied Efficiency) By applying appropriate technologies such as passive climate control systems, passive solar power and using proper green building materials and recycling technology, we can certainly increase the ‗lean‘ factors in our project, as long as the effort results in less material and energy consumption within the community.

8.6 Walkability Priority of walkability is given to pedestrians user. Thus, more feet on the street is leading to renewed focus on pedestrian amenities in masterplan such as sidewalks, street furniture, crosswalks, pedestrian coverwalkway and the overall human scale of cities at the ground level. Raised pedestrian communal walkway connection as well as street on the ground network provides high interaction within public realms.

8.7 Streetscape Streetscape is a term ―that refers to is used to describe the natural and built fabric of the street, and defined as the design quality of the street and its visual effect.‖ The concept recognizes that a street is a public place where people are able to engage in various activities. Streetscapes and their visual experience largely influences public places where people interact, and it ultimately helps define a community‘s aesthetic quality, economic activity, health, and sustainability.

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9

Design Strategies and Hypothetical Program

9.1 Strategy 1: Creating Business Market Stimulus The first deign strategy is enhancing the existing business market area and allocate a new business market acupuncture in this area. Hence, the economic development in the future will enhanced by concentrating creativity through both physical density and human capital. By locating gallery, firms, artists, residential and entrepreneur facilities together, a multiplier effect of this acupuncture multilayers building concept can stimulus surrounding area and give a positive result. Business market and arts and cultural activities can draw crowds from within and around the community. Increasing the number of visitors as well as enhancing resident participation helps build economic and social capital.

Figure 6 (a) Business Market and entrepreneur acupunctures 9.2 Strategy 2: Establishing Sustainable Public Community Space The second design strategy is establishing a sustainable public community space.

Sustainable communities spaces are places where people want to live and work, now and in the future. They meet the diverse needs of existing and future residents, are sensitive to their environment, and contribute to a high quality of life. They are safe and inclusive, well planned, built and run, and offer equality of opportunity and good services for all. By create a sustainable public community, it will offer a sense of community identity and belonging to this area. These spaces will creates opportunities for cultural, leisure, community, sport and other activities, including for children and young people. By establishing a sustainable features in this spaces as example photovoltaic and water harvesting systems, it will minimise climate change, including through energy efficiency and the use of renewable and make efficient use of natural resources, encouraging sustainable production and consumption. Then, by enabling and creating opportunities for walking and cycling, spaces can creates cleaner, safer and greener neighbourhoods and pleasant public spaces.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 6 (b) Sustainable Public Community Space 9.3 Strategy 3: Pulse Square and Plug-in Art and Cultural Activity Space The third strategy is to establishing a common space at the square area and plug-in art culture activity in-between shop houses in this area. The square as potential node will a place where the communities can enjoy culture activities. By creating a central stage and space for community to hang-out, it will act as a new point for community to stop and interact with each other while watching the culture performance. The identified vacant buildings and spaces will be injected with a new program as people pursue artistic and creative expression through a variety of outlets: formal theatrical performances, paintings, and buildings; as well as the less formal arts, music and food festivals, celebrations and informal cultural gatherings, pickup bands, and crafts groups at the same time maximizing the vertical diversity to activate art, cultural and entertainment elements of the site. Together, these formal and informal, tangible and intangible, professional and amateur artistic and cultural activities constitute a community's cultural assets. These activities which encompass a diverse set of locations, spaces, levels of professionalism and participation, products, events, consumers, creators, and critics are essential to a community's well-being, economic and cultural vitality, sense of identity, and heritage.

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Figure 6 (c) Pulse Square and Plug-in Art and Cultural Activity Space

10 Development Phase This area is mainly occupied by shop house buildings, markets and residential building and wide open public space at the center of this area. The development is divided into 4 phases. The phases are shown on figure 16.0 below. Phase 1 will be focus on development of the wide open space in front of Hang Da Galleries and Vietnam Thuong Theatre to the public open space, where communities and tourist can meet and experience the art and culture performance together. This new anchor of the site will be fully operated with sustainable features and new activities can start to develop and crawl throughout the site. In this phase also the identified vacant buildings and spaces will be upgraded and reprogrammed into a new and more profitable program. In Phase 2, development will focused on enhancing the existing business market area and constructing new business market acupuncture.

Underused open spaces and abandoned building will be identified and constructed with vertical multilayer programs building purposely for market activities, entrepreneur, and studios and this building will act as acupuncture to surrounding areas. In Phase 3, the construction will be focus on enhancing the residential and shop house areas. A sustainable construction method will be imposed in this construction in reason to reduce the carbon footprint towards sustainable neighbourhood. In Phase 4, the development will focused on the enhancing and constructing of the new public realms in this area. The development of the streetscape also began simultaneously with the public realm. New features of sustainable design will be added in this phase.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 7 Development phase

11 Ensemble Urban Motley Intervention The new Ensemble Urban Motley intervention is allocated in the currently incongruously appearance of the site in central of Old Quarter. The intervention is on stimulating the art and culture. The intervention is established to refined the existing concept plan into a flexible area in Old Quarter. This intervention reaffirms the commitment to 40% public space and will accommodate a mix of active and passive public spaces available for events, festivals and markets. The intervention offers flexibility to encourage a diversity of uses. Greater density and diversity will create an engaging, active and vibrant market area, generally within the current heights and development footprints. The framework allows for a range of uses including residential, commercial, retail, community, cultural and public open spaces.

Figure 8 (a) Illustration of the public open square for communities interaction

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Figure 8 (b) Illustration of the intervention of Ensemble Urban Motley in Hang Da street area

Figure 8 (c) Illustration of the sustainable features on site and building

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

11.1 Hypothetical Program

Figure 8 (d) Hypothetical program diagram The Hypothetical program is selected to cultivate an entrepreneur people and environment. The development will be focusing on establishing a proper space for art and culture business community where the creative and enterpreauner local people will be joining potency together. It will empower the community by providing space for the culture and art industry and enhance the space for them to business their goods. Generally, the local environment will gain local knowledge and educate them to be a creative entrepreneur. Environment rejuvenation program is also become the main focus to give a better and conducive public realms to the community. A community centre and the artist creative hub will be the main program. On the environment aspect, the square on the centre will be upgraded to become active public realms. The program intention for the development will be injecting an environment for creative entrepreneur and incubator facilities. The main purpose is to rejuvenate the economy by providing a platform for commercial activity and business startup. A residential block also will be introduced to give a density and vibrancy of the place. The last program is to attract bigger key player to invest in the area. The existing established community and conducive area will become an important aspect to attract the investors. The key economy will be based on tourism on the art culture market neighbourhood.

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12 Conclusion The arts and culture field encompasses the performing, visual, and fine arts, as well as applied arts including architecture and graphic design; crafts, humanities and historic preservation; literature; folklife; and other creative activities. It could be conclude that in order to create a vitality of this neighbourhood, art and culture market neighbourhood will be playing major roles to giving the vitality of the neighbourhood. Hence, preserving on its art and cultural identity. By identifying, the wide-open square at the centre, residential and buildings along the streets that is an existing component of the Old Quarter all these can creates the stimulation on surrounding areas. On the contrary, a sense of place and its exclusive identity must be improved and revitalise. The new injection should admiration the local setting, cultural, and built environment in order to create a place with its own uniqueness.

Figure 9 Illustration of the Ensemble Urban Motley

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

13 References [1] Jen Snowball, ―Why art and culture contribute more to an economy than growth and job‖, 2016 [Online].

Available: http://theconversation.com/why-art-and-culture-contributemore-to-an-economy-than-growth-and-jobs-52224 [Accessed: 1-June2016].

[2] Barbara Cohen, ―Hanoi‘s Old Quarter: The 36 Streets‖. 1994 [Online].

Available: http://thingsasian.com/story/hanois-old-quarter-36-streets [Accessed: 3-June-2016] [3] Active Boomer Adventures, ―Hanoi Vietnam: History, Old Quarter, French Quarter‖, 2014 [Online].

Available: http://www.activeboomeradventures.com/2014/01/17/hanoi vietnam-history-old-quarter-french-quarter/ [Accessed: 5-June-2016] [4] Patricia Figueira Lassance, ―Environmentally Friendly Cities, Sub Topic: Sign of ecological adjustment in a developing Country urban context and their implications for a decision-aid support Proceedings of Plea ‘98, Lisbon, Portugal, June 1998‖, James & James Science Publishers Ltd, Vol. 1, Pages 107-110, 1998 [5] Arcosanti, ― What is Arcology?‖, 2012 [Online], Available: https://arcosanti.org/arcology [Accessed: 4-June-2016] [6] Yuri Artibise, ―Urban Connectivity Leads to Urban Vitality‖, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://yuriartibise.com/urban-connectivity/ [Accessed: 4June-2016] [7] United Nations Task Team on Habitat III, ―4-Urban Culture and Heritage‖ United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, Non-edited Version 2.0, Pages 5, 2015

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The Gnosis: Expanding the knowledge of arts and crafts N. H. Mustafa Kamal

Center of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract The Gnosis is the vision of a sustainable knowledge intensive city that gives city a framework for developing knowledge-intensive industries that will be economically successful and improve quality of life. The idea of a city as knowledge hub of arts and crafts may well be powerhouses of creativity and innovation, just as the district rich with its history, arts and culture, and the possibility of niche lifestyles. In a parcel of Hoan Kiem district, the urban fabric provides educational and historical spatial background and in another sense, it provides specialty of arts and crafts through individuals’ routine as well as the community’s collective values, desires, knowledge and aspirations. The historical existence of arts and crafts in the parcel has long been in its roots yet now ploughed by the decrease of the community that contributed to this scenario. The area is in need of an urban catalyst that will revive what was once an area robust with art education, business and cultural activities. The parcel will undertake an idea of reviving cultural scenes of arts and crafts which will stimulate a livable and sustainable environment into the old district. The new ‘urban scene’ will be a village that breeds the creative on education of arts and crafts and becomes rebranded into a sustainable and resilient parcel.

Keywords: gnosis, knowledge, arts, crafts, historical, educational, creative

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered one of the main cultural centres of Vietnam, where most Vietnamese dynasties have left their imprint. The Old Quarter, near HoĂ n Kiáşżm Lake, has the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning of the 20th century the city consisted of only about 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street then had merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk or jewellery. The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce. The area is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops [1].

2

Site Setting

The study is a continuation from an earlier group project focusing on a site shown in fig. 1, known to be original grid of Old Quarter, Hanoi during the colonisation of the French Colonial Rule. In the case of this individual study, the masterplan is broken down into parcels with the internal road network marking its boundaries.

Figure 1: The group’s masterplan

Figure 2: The figure ground of the site

The parcel, demarcated in fig. 2, in the year 1010 A.D. was known as the Thang Long (the ascending dragon) originated as a centre of supply for the Vietnamese rulers in the Imperial City as well as an inter-regional market place. The street pattern goes back to the 15th century, when trade streets similar to the medieval guild streets in Central Europe emerged for the first time. [2] The Old Quarter has its own speciality, especially about art and crafts. The place is rich with heritage, culture and handicrafts that made by the locals. This fact is further solidified by the apparent of the street names: Hang (an originally Chinese word denoting store or commercial establishment) means good(s) in Vietnamese and is still a prefix of most of the street names in the Ancient Quarter nowadays, for example, one of the main and famous street in Old Quarter is Hang Quat street that specialized on handcrafted wooden seal. The art and crafts quality in the Ancient Quarter has the potential to expanding the knowledge of arts and crafts to generate more creative locals and attract the youth generation and as well making it as a successful tourism destination in the near future.

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156 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi Over the centuries, the constant division of properties led to the emergence of so called tunnel or tube houses, which, despite an extremely small opening onto the street, could be as long as 100 m. Family units lived and worked in these tube houses and sold their own handicraft from there.

In the course of transition economic pressure on the Ancient Quarter increased significantly. New entrepreneurial actors from outside the 36 Streets Quarter have initiated modernization processes that have, in turn, triggered a development towards displacement. [2] After more than a decade, the official recognition of private family business activities, already more than 25% of the private retail shops were run by families from outside the Ancient Quarter. These consisted of people who actually moved into the Ancient Quarter as well as families who just rented commercial space there. Over and above, the massive conversion of living space into commercial space has also had an impact in demographic terms.

Besides the boom in private retail trade shops, the area also became a prime location for street hawkers, who commute daily from the suburban countryside in order to sell goods such as vegetables, flowers or baskets. This development was labelled 'Pavement Economy'. [2] The extension of business activities to the pavements and streets is, of course, a reaction to the limited space as the locals have insufficient of public space for themselves as they have occupied the only public area they have that is pedestrian walkway. But above all, it is till also a symbol of the high commercial attractiveness of this quarter.

3

Potentials and Dilemmas

Hang Quat is one of the most colourful streets in Old Quarter. The street is famous with its hand-crafted specialized on wooden seal and items for worshipping, which were of course traditionally made on this street, be they from bamboo, paper or palm leaves. Hang Quat is only about 200 metres long but is packed with shops selling an array of brightly coloured items including Buddhist statues, flags and lamps and as well as less gaudy but just as intricate wooden shrines. The magnetic attraction of the street itself result of density of people activities along the street that supported the economic enhancement of the area.

The street is characterized by small business, traditional handicrafts workshops and informal sectors. These sectors transform small scale buildings into local commercial service and exploit the public space as the extension of private space for business and domestic activities. Consequently, the lack of public space such as sidewalk causes daily traffic congestion as well as the difficulties of circulation from the quarter to its neighbourhood. Especially the kids are clearly be seen were playing and doing their homework on street. Their childhood life as seem to be distracted by these practices of urban society on usage of public and private space.

Apart from that, the site area is actually can be so-called as knowledge hotspots for the Hoan Kiem district. This is because the presence of schools, galleries of arts and crafts, temple and kindergarten in that area. Hoan Kiem district have the highest number of handicraft and art shops, but the district still struggles to exploit their potential as knowledge creative hubs for the locals and tourism destinations.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

The lack of creativity threatening the economic development of Vietnam outline the underdevelopment of the art education system as well as the effective role of nowadays institutions. The youth is seems like starting to forget the speciality of the area, the arts and handicrafts that have been in the family since so many years ago. A creative and art learning environment should be created to these youngsters to continue the legacy.

The potential of the street is obviously the presence of the arts and crafts programme. This is shown in the fig. 3 below:

Figure 3: Arts and crafts programme nodes

The rising of international visitors in Hanoi increase year by year. Over the past ten years Hanoi has seen an extraordinary growth in tourist numbers - a 286% rise since 1998, and in recent years growth has been as 20% compared to the previous year. Currently tourism generates $3 billion in revenue for Hanoi, which based on 2007's GDP figure of $71 billion (based on market exchange rate, not Purchasing Power Parity) means it accounts for 4.2% of the nation's GDP, and is an important source of foreign currency that helps Hanoi manage its current account deficit. By 2010 the administration of tourism projects visitor numbers to rise to 6 million arrivals and $4 - $4.5 billlion in revenue. [3]

Figure 4: Data on tourist (Source: Demographics of Vietnam, knoema.com)

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4

Theory

In philosophy and media studies, a knowledge space is described as an emerging anthropological space in which the knowledge of individuals becomes the primary focus for social structure, values, and beliefs. The concept is put forward and explored by philosopher and media critic Pierre Lévy. [4] The prosperity of a nation, geographical region, business, or individual depends on their ability to navigate the knowledge space. Power is now conferred through the optimal management of knowledge, whether it involves technology, science, communication, or our “ethical” relationship with the other. As he stated in his book, the more we able to form intelligent communities, as open-minded, cognitive subjects capable of initiative, imagination, and rapid response, the more we will be able to ensure our success in a highly competitive environment. Our material relationship to the world is maintained through a formidable epistemological and logical infrastructure: educational and training institutions, communication networks, and the continuous improvement and distribution of skills. [5] To support the theory of the knowledge space into design is that to apply the creativity as the urban catalyst to expanding this knowledge of arts and crafts into the district.

The concept of creativity is being emphasize in this project as conceptual program to capitalize and nurturing the beauty and originality of arts and crafts in the site.

With the integration of stimulation and educational of creativity element, the conception of creativity shall manage to create an interesting knowledge hotspots of arts and crafts. As stated by Charles Landry, “We are city of knowledge and intelligence, but we need creativity and culture thing to make people stay to bring that knowledge together and collective of knowledge that exist in a place”.

5

Thesis Statement

5.1 Expatiating Knowledge of Art and Craft in the District through human creativity The creative cultural will be the catalyst of Hanoi to enhance its arts and crafts root and even promoting the knowledge to locals and tourism. The fosteration shall reveal the opportunity for business opportunities, build creative collaboration and exchanging cultivation among local yet globally.

Hanoi will expatiating as the nation arts and crafts city central point in coming prospect of arts and crafts industry based on current arts and crafts development progress in Hanoi. The recognition of art framework shall have no boundary to extract more interest from international venture.

Basic framework strategy must be initiate with an uprising and well organized movement from the structural factor, community leadership and social forces.

Factor includes the extent of investment near the city target and the need of expanding knowledge of arts and crafts in the city. Therefore, in the direction of Hanoi as the knowledge hub of arts and crafts, it is surmise that Hoan Kiem, Hanoi will establish as a representation of knowledge hub of arts and crafts for the world to be acknowledge.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

6

Hypothesis

Creativity has always been the lifeblood of the city. Cities have always needed creativity to work as markets, trading and production centres, with their critical mass of entrepreneurs, artists, intellectuals, students, administrators and powerbrokers.

Using the creative cultural as urban catalyst, the design is to expanding the knowledge of arts and crafts in that area to locals and tourists. It also promoting and reviving what was once an area robust with business, religious and cultural activities. The potential of the site lies within the cultural aspect more significantly the 1,000 year old specialized craft streets and guild history.

The parcel will undertake an idea of reviving scenes of historical setting and marrying of the old and new programme and structures and imaginative interactive spaces for the local’s community and visitors.

The new urban scene will be a stretch of Heritage Street that breeds creative specializing crafts streets and a re-branded neighbourhood that is sustainable and resilient. The new programs that are to be injected in the schemes will nurture people’s interest and appreciate the art and crafts.

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework A structure idea essential underlying the urban restructure system in this project.

Uplifting development by addition of blockage module of lightweight structure on top of existing building, fill the gap, and its facade intervention thereby increasing commercial value and activity on site especially on expanding the arts and crafts knowledge and big attraction for tourism. Brighten up the façade of the old shop houses on the active street aim to be relived in active and engage with the new rooftop structure. Approaching the potential spot of vegetation upmost prospective to ensure a greatness of the sustainable green town roaring by the future state vision on becoming a sustainable green city.

Networking with a bigger picture making a city connection between neighbourhood and city place by creating an integrated network of social pocket such as clear walkaway and public space. Intensifying the web work of city, grow the population of living and working as for replacing to identify underdeveloped points of site with idyllic sustainable of mixed use system with carefully thought the existing successful activity program. Mix use restructuring program, the new development for the facilities and program is fuse in term of usage and operation to replicate further the existing mix use program with the new propose urban injection scheme.

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Figure 5: Uplifting development, connecting with a bigger picture, mixed use restructuring program 7.2 Strategy Laying the foundations for a creative milieu Creative city concept will be used as the framework of this development strategy.

In this strategy, creativity is divided into three main structure which are networking, business and skills. Creative people and projects need to be based somewhere. A creative development requires land and buildings at affordable prices, preferably close to other cultural amenities. [6] Therefore, the design provides the formation of a public and art space for all new “identity” : arts and crafts area, sustainable where everyone can meet up , play , study, work, learn, relax, contemplate the beauty of the visual and sensory landscape , educate children, artistry and self- built over the overpass of Hanoi. [7] The concept of the design is based on the life growth process of a bamboo which is the main structure material for the development. In spreading of arts and crafts knowledge, a multi development of creative facilities and program intended for the district growing urban restructure will be disperse and manoeuvre by local and tourist. Grouped into three segments which is the root that acts as main support that nourish the art and craft development which involve the art academy, Art Park and “creativeteam” centre. While the node which evolve after the root has manage to mature such as studio, office, gallery, exhibition space and art shop. Continue to that is the branch which grows out from the root up to node to become more subdivision of activity and program such as events, workshops, products showcase and playscape.

Figure 6: Design strategy impression

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

The first imitation of art design strategy is the radical of art root operation as operating centre to manage various art program and facilities for the city. The “creativeteam� centre includes offices, exhibition centre and public event area which will occupy the harmonious art and craft program in the area development.

Figure 7: Strategy I The second strategy is the art core layering which define as a three different type of program on the new development of the bamboo modular layers from bottom floor as shop due to the function specific to deployment environment of surrounding public activities which will attract more visitor to the shops. To supporting that, the middle layer shall be program as the gallery due to the program effect of the bottom and top layer. The top layer shall be program as office and studio as it require more privacy atmosphere that shall span its application towards the middle and bottom layer. The ordered group layer of functionality, with the application-specific located in the upper, middle and bottom layer creates a system of art structure for the new modular development.

Figure 8: Strategy II

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162 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi The third strategy is the revitalization of facade as to attract the participation of local and tourist from the active street as the culture of Hanoi activities are start from the ground level then it continues vertically up to the building. The ground level shall include a series of events such as street art market that includes the art and craft vendors, art and craft fiesta, street food and art installation. The foldable bamboo façade is to provide the space for these street vendors to promoting their products as well as creating the scene of art market along the street.

Figure 9: Strategy III In addition, the mix charter lodge structure development indicate a reincarnation of lodging hub which brings the new development of lodging experience into one centre point includes facilities and space for communal activities. The lodging chamber for the tourist to live or stay temporarily with the facilities and room rented out to the visitors in the same residence which maintained the existing owner and function of the building. The owner will provide wholly or partially of financial capacity for the cost of the development with the support of investor involvement. This shall generate an extra income for the local owner that comes from the rental program evolve in the lodge hub. The mix lodge hub prepared the likes of cafÊ, library, leisure space and lounge for the visitor’s relaxation.

Figure 10: Mix Charter Lodge Strategy

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

7.3 Hypothetical Programs The existing program at this site are mix commercial of retails, restaurant, cafe, hotel, school and street vendors. The condition of the site as arts and crafts area make it as a potential to integrate the existing program with the potentialities of site heritage architecture of French colonial influenced and rich with their culture of making arts and crafts as their first income. This will help the structure to form a new sensual pleasure of a characterization of arts and crafts hub. With the new scheme of addition lightweight modular structure and faรงade revitalization will indirectly maximizing the economics of the area. Most local and tourist come to relive the excitement of heritage. Now they can even participate and experience the heritage itself by involving the art program along the site area of Hang Quat street.

Figure 11: Hypothetical program

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8

Conclusion

This is an exciting new period for the creative scene in Hanoi. The artist and craft makers are contributing significantly to the development of the country and they can inspire millions of people. Compared to their predecessors, they have become much more independent in term of self-sustainability. However, these creative hubs are still inexperienced in terms of developing their businesses and ensuring a long term future. It is important to create a helpful environment for them to grow. It is necessary to build a stronger and more helpful society around them in which local authorities are supportive and understanding; and there are more consumers for arts and creativity, and more support for the sector in terms of funding, investment, skill training and co-working. Hanoi need to be able to adapt to the future. A resilience of place can be and should be embedded into the urban fabric through innovative policy prescriptions and design choices. As design thinking becomes more and more engrained in the way we make decisions at the municipal level we will live in communities where buildings, neighbourhoods, districts, and cities can perform at their highest level of capacity. Looking back to Old Quarter, Hanoi, we realized that year by year people are coming to experience the appreciation of heritage in the area. The district is merge with the existing heritage that had been restructure with a strategic enhancement plan. Creative program that coalesce with the heritage element shall form a fresher and new-fangled urban environment for the efficiency of the city. Re-imagining spaces from institutional/libraries to commercial buildings to public pockets to what it means to be an office itself, is helping to change the way people interact with each other. It is transforming all of the spaces inside and outside of the buildings where we spend our lives. In addition, sharing is in and pure ownership is declining. Furthermore, a big reason for this is demographic change occurring at the same time cultural needs are shifting. Finally, people still want some “things,� but they crave special, unforgettable, and communal experiences.

Figure 12: Perspective street view

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

9

References [1] Wikipedia, “Hanoi”, 2010.

Available https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi (Access date: June 2016)

at:

[2] Michael Waibel, “The Ancient Quarter of Hanoi – A Reflection of Urban Transition Processes”, ASIEN, Vol. 92, S. 30-48, July 2004.

[3] Vung Tau, “Vietnam Tourism Statistics”, 2009. Available at: http://www.vietnamtravel.org/vietnam-tourism-statistics. (Access date: 4 June 2016) [4] Wikipedia, “Knowledge space”, 2011.

Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_space (Access date: 4 June 2016) [5] David Trend, “Collective Intelligence”, Reading Digital Culture Malden, Mass Blackwell, 2001.

[6] Charles Landry, “Creative City”, Great Britain by EG Bond Ltd, 1995.

[7] A as architecture, “Bamboo urban metamorphosis by Oam architecture”, 2014. Available at: http://aasarchitecture.com/2014/08/bamboo-urbanmetamorphosis-oam-architecture.html (Access date: 1st June 2016)

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Hybridity: New economic paradigm in Hoan Kiem District R.A Ahmad Kamal

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract The revolution, revitalization, and densification of Hanoi in Old Quarters often involve the intensification of the diverse programs of the city. As a city centre with continue economy growth will be experience a sustained revitalization, more demand on development in turn, promotes more growth. As this intensification continues, the architectures, economy, social and culture begin to merge. In a dense urban centre, the increasing demand of open space and the increasing on land values often forfeit the luxury of autonomous building typologies, and often, forced different programs to combine into the same building. Combination such as housing and commercial or with others defy and lack of originality, known as typology. It change the understanding of building identity and architectural typology. Furthermore, as this lack of typology is intensified and formalized, it becomes an anti-typology and can be referred to as a hybrid building. Many new urban centres have become divided, even surrounded by the same infrastructures that continue to promote their growth. Zoning and the character of particular neighbourhoods and districts have been greatly influenced and impacted by the boundary of infrastructure. The urban landscape, in both its physical scale and its planned usage, can often change dramatically from one side of the neighbourhood to the other separating what was once a single neighbourhood into two separate districts. However, as densification and revitalization continues, the role of architecture as a means of reconnecting separated components of the district and physically absorbing infrastructure must be considered. As densification encourage this merging, generative forms and space emerge through hybridization should reconciliation the different programs on both urban scale and architecture scale.

Keywords: revitalization, intensification, different programs, hybridization

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts and 7 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. Vietnam's capital races to make up for time lost to the ravages of war and a government that as recently as the 1990s kept the outside world at bay. Its streets surge with scooters vying for right of way amid the din of constantly blaring horns, and all around layers of history reveal periods of French and Chinese occupation, offering a glimpse into the resilience of ambitious, proud Hanoians. Negotiate a passage past the ubiquitous knock-off merchants and you’ll find the original streets of the Old Quarter. Defiant real-deal farmers hawk their wares, while city folk breakfast on noodles, practice tai chi at dawn on the shores of Hoan Kiem Lake, or play chess with elders. Hanoi is undergoing a rapid transformation. You can dine on the wild and wonderful at every corner, sample market wares, uncover an evolving arts scene, and then sleep soundly in a little luxury for very little cost. Meet the people, delve into the past and witness the awakening of a Hanoi on the move [1].

2

Site Setting

The site shown in Figure (1) is located at the border line of the district of the Thirty- Six Trade, facing the Hoan Kiem Lake, at the intersection of important routes, it is a place where history leisure and traffic mix together. Hoan Kiem District (aka the Old Quarter is considered as the city’s business hub and main tourist destination [1]. Hoan Kiem Lake is the focal point of Hanoi’s exotic Old Quarter. Stepped in legend, the serene water’s shores are a gathering place for local to meet, dance, reading, eat and gossip, a peaceful contrast to the hustle and bustle of the Old Quarter’s tangled maze of shops, galleries and cafes. Visitors have no choice but to face the traffic in the local style but the experience of exploring the historical area is a must-do and truly well worth it.

Figure 1: Site location

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3

Potentials and Dilemmas

The site located at among the oldest streets in Hanoi which is Hang Dao Street and Dinh Tieng Hoang Street, Cau Go Street and Le Thai To street [2]. Hang Dao street serves as a main axis running from the north to south, cutting the Old Quarter in half while Dinh Tien Hoang street associated with the cultural space of thousand years of culture capital in Hoan Kiem District and combine with Le Thao To street [2]. Cau Go Street is located one block north of the hoan kiem Lake.This four road are the main road that meet together at the roundabout of Đông Kinh Nghĩa Thục which make the vehicular traffic fully occupy the public space with irregular and chaotic fluxes, overcoming pedestrian and green areas; Facilities not connected and with poor design. Lack of a “square” space, seen as a place to stay, separated form traffic and designed for pedestrians. However the intersection of main routes makes the place as the most potential place for economy, social and culture activities as it is the meet point and compulsory routes to pass by before heading to Old Quarter’s area and French Quarter’s area.

Despites of the heavy traffic and mixing activities happening, there are few shop lot left vacant and the economy of commercial area along the Dinh Tien Hoang street is weak compare to the economy at the Hang Dao Street. To revitalize the site, the underutilized spaces need to be reclaimed, rebranded and effectively utilised for the site to flourish successfully. As the nearest location to the historical Hoan Kiem Lake, it is the nearest park and promenade for local to gather, socialise and doing outdoor activities. The capital city grows leaning on the existing urban structure and choking it, while green areas disappear and parking lots become insufficient.

According to accounting of Hanoi master planning the demand of green space by 2020 needs from 12 -15m2 per person and over 20m2 per person include water surface [3].It show that Hanoi needs more green areas Despite Hanoi city centre has been officially enlisted in 2004 among the historical sites of National Heritage, chaotic growing doesn’t permit to highlight its architectural treasures. It’s urgent now a strategy to preserve the built and untouchable heritage of the 36 streets quarter. Green streets for a slower mobility.

A plaza to connect the old town with the lakeside promenade. A pedestrian square as rest point to bring life back into public space. The demand of green area can be a potential. Green areas can be increased in the city center by include vegetation within the public space Trees along the street are already a peculiar feature of the old town. Existing trees are conserved and completed with new rows, offering shadows to parking lots and idea of green roof top can be implement. The strategic location where history meets culture and economy, the site is well known as a tourism attraction. The historical that can act as catalyst to increase the economic activity at it surrounding. According to Savills Vietnam Co. Ltd. Hoan Kiem district is the biggest supply of hotel from 5-star hotel to 3-star hotel compare to other district shown in Figure (2) [4]. By providing tourist with affordable hotel,

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

lodging and hostel, locals will also benefit from this, as it would bring forth a large surge of population that would benefit the locals business and open up a new markets for jobs.

Mitigation Despite the large amount of trees along the streets, the parks in the old town are nowadays limited to the lakeside promenade. The ration between parks and built space is 1:372, hence the park area per person in Ha Noi city centre is only 1.25 m2: the aim of the city council is to supply the citizens with 16m 2 park per person. Green areas need to be increased in the city centre [5]. Our project aims to include vegetation within the public space. Trees along the street are already a peculiar feature of the old town. Existing trees are conserved and completed with new rows, offering shadows to parking lots and seats.

Figure 2 : Supply of Hotel data (source : www.slideshare.net/savillsvietnam/savilss-vietnam-q3-2009-hanoi-hcmc-marketpresentation)

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4

Background Theories

Cities today are missing that sense of community that was once prevalent in historical societies. It is imperative to plan cities that allows for constant interaction between all classes of people and promotes a social community, and for the city to sustain activity for the entirety of the day [6].

To solve the issue of chaotic mixing driveways, unfriendly pedestrian, demand of more green area, abandoned building in Hanoi focusing at Hoan Kiem District, the potential of the site will be used to its maximum potentials.

Theory of Hybridity will be used as an act due to globalization transition in social, physical, cultural, economy and political aspects to produce new typologies and spatial configurations in a city.

Hybrid usually occurs at the point of intersection between two ideas. At this intersection, there are three possible outcomes. The first is displacement; one idea dislocates the other so that the two co-exist in tension. The second is reaction; the two ideas respond to each other and a symbiotic relationship emerges. The third is fusion; the two ideas merge so completely that what results is an entirely new idea, with different characteristics from either of its parent ideas [7]. In architecture, this meant spaces where the architect’s design could be reinterpreted by those who used the space. Hybrid then, was where the physical structure provided a frame in which spontaneous activities, events and interpretations could evolve [7].

Zeichner (2010) explain that hybridity theory refuses two parts things such as practice & academic knowledge and theory & practice, but it is related to combination which new model used. Hybridity based on the thought to combine two things which are different but related to each other to create new things. The combination is called third space [8].

Thus third space concept was developed from the hybridity theory and is a new thing which was created from the combination of two things. According to the aforementioned meanings of the third space concept, it can conclude that the third space concept means the centre area between the first and the second space which works collaboratively to create new thing [8]. The hybrid identity is positioned within third space as lubricant.

The theory of hybridity was born from the necessity to improve certain characteristics of an entity by combining elements. In the city, this was formalized by combining functions in the first urban centres and later in Hybrid Buildings.

Generally, in regard to functional brief, hybrid buildings are characterized by a high programmatic complexity. These can incorporate different categories of urban uses, allowing a great capacity of adaptation and interaction with the urban

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

environment they integrate, containing unique and distinct characteristics from other buildings of this type in different urban contexts. Its definition only took shape in the early twentieth century, when the architect Joseph Fenton (1985) decided to study the development of North America cities [9].Currently, hybridity have an important role in the urban development, helping to meet the required demands in terms of interaction with its surroundings, absorbing urban crossings and infrastructures when needed, providing the functional requirements of the space in which they operate Simultaneously, these buildings incorporate spaces that provide meetings, social and cultural activities and particularities that make them spatial references in the city [9]. Hybrid is quite intricate, with self-sufficient characteristics that allow its inclusion in the category of Towicz (2008) for the Hybrid as "a city within a city." The contributions to the urban context, fulfil all the requirements for both the hybrid building and the complex. The identity and personality of the hybrid stand out, not only for new connections, permeability of the building, implementation of quotas, interstitial spaces, semi-public courtyard, but also for the distinguishable differences of material with the urban surroundings [9]. Thus, in creating a “hybrid city,� the intention is to create an urban area of densely varied uses, spontaneous chances for social interaction, and overall, a city that works to create persistent harmony between the urban fabric and its cosmopolitan inhabitants [7].

Figure 3: Design theory

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5

Thesis Statement

The theory of hybridity will be the catalyst of Hoan Kiem District n to enhance its economy, social, life quality of the local, introduces natural elements and even promoting its tourism. With the existing hybrid of program held yearly the existing basic potential of globalization transition city is already within grasp.

The hybrid of retail and residential shall reveal for more business opportunities, build creative collaboration and exchanging culture among local and visitor. The gradient between private and public is diffuse and the program is strategically distributed to promote sharing activities. Programs are mixed to achieve the best combination possible. The program are strategically located in selected building, so the different functions will benefit from each other in a symbiotic relationship at the same time economic status ought to be derive towards a higher per capita income. The green pocket is injected between the two programs to promote sustainability and increase more green space that can act as place for social interaction.

The streets offer a satisfactory commercial experience for the users, because of their morphology and character that located in the historical city center will connect with the historically transition point between the ancient quarter and the French town, which is the Hoan Kiem lake. The connection of this space with the streets of the ancient quarter through insertion of a new typology will link and a Hang Dao and Dihn Tien Hoang streets as a new community’s interaction space in order to create more crowd and attraction for tourist. This spaces will implement the ludic features to increase the vibrancy and to create varieties of activities occur in public space.

As a result connection of this place will connect with the promenade area too which are waterfront area known as leisure and festival place. The connection provide more than one way to go to a place. Hoan Kiem district will levitates as the business hub and tourism hub in coming prospect of economy strategy in Hanoi.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

6

Hypothesis

The project explores on how a hybridization of programs could help promote a better economy not only for business but also for the resident at the same time promoting the place as a tourist hub. A variety of sustainable typology of a new programs and strategies shall be injected for the tourist and local community. A By enhancing to a maximum potential of the place, the tourism value shall increase hence helps in the preserving the cultural and heritage value of the heritage city itself. The heritage characteristic of the place could be appreciate by the local and visitor and make the place more dynamic in its sense of ambience, economy, living, socializing and culture.

Figure 4: Hypothesis

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7

Key Design Concept

Figure 5 : Diagram of third space concept In Figure (5) shows the diagram of third space concept. Third space are simply places where we spend time when we are not at home and not working. However, third places take on a much larger role in our lives and, subsequently, in defining our places. They are no longer only casual recreational sports or activities, they have become an incorporated part of our overall lifestyle. In that regard we need to recognize that, for some, especially those in the creative class, third space have actually become a non-negotiable asset. They define the concept of place every bit as much as the availability of meaningful employment and comfortable housing, if not more so [10].

The hybrid identity is positioned within this third space, as ‘lubricant’ in the conjunction of cultures. The hybrid’s potential is with their innate knowledge of ‘transculturation’ their ability to transverse both cultures and to translate, negotiate and mediate affinity and difference within a dynamic of exchange and inclusion.

They have encoded within them a counterhegemonic agency. At the point at which the colonizer presents a normalizing, hegemonic practice, the hybrid strategy opens up a third space for rearticulating of negotiation and meaning [11].

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

8

Design Intervention

8.1 Framework A structure idea essential underlying the urban restructure system in this project.

Uplifting maximum development, occupy utmost potential development of the site from its infill and replacement thereby increasing commercial value and activity on site.

The proposals seek to create a new programs, arrangement and form of development building at the Hang Dao street and Ham building along Dan Thin Hoang Street at Old Quarter’s in Hanoi. The Ham building promotes a strong diversity of programs and sense of place because it located in between of two historical place which is Old Quarter’s and French Quarter’s. The building activities and program will inject the cross programming program which create layering of program inside one building. The ground floor will be maintain the activity which is business while the upper floor is for office, hotel, and residential.

Moreover, strong emphasis has been made to promote connectivity between the Old Quarter’s business centre and the waterfront promenade side where all of the development proposals within the planning area enhance or make provision for connections to and from the water’s edge and between districts [9].

The scale of each development respects context and mostly maintain the maximum height which is not more than 5 storeys and ensure that development at the water’s edge is at a human scale.

The waterfront is enliven by creates activities and program along the waterfront and increase the connectivity and the permeability of the waterfront to be visible by the public. The proposed developments along the waterfront promenade will in turn activate the water’s edge and create destination spaces.

The site is zone to two of zone which are waterfront promenade and business and mixed-use. These two zones are connected with hype and interactive connectivity.

Along the pedestrian walkway, there are injection of leisure pocket in between the building, open area, pedestrian walkway and others. The proposed developments along the waterfront promenade will in turn activate the water’s edge and create destination spaces.

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176 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 8.2 Strategy In order to create more collaborative areas for interactions, the strategies are shown in Figure (5). The first strategy is to form new axis by increasing the permeability of the area. By breaking the long block of Ham building along Dinh Tien Hoang. It will acts as an active pedestrian realm and also give visibility towards the waterfront promenade and the activity at Old Quarter’s.

Secondly, by increasing the diversity of the program to enhance the vitality and vibrancy of the places. The diversity of the program will attract different types of people, activity and time use thus lead to the vibrancy of the area. A primary creative commercial program will be supported with diverse secondary activity such as introducing cafes and fitness center that can be used after the office hours and become the third space of the place. The injection of residential program is also another major factor that contributes to the vibrancy of the places.

The third strategy is connecting the waterfront promenade and the in front building by plaza by forming a new memorial landmark and node. The new landmark structure will convey the identity of the place. The plaza is also can act as a communal space and space for festival. . The visitors will be experienced unique identity and program on the strategic nodes that will give them a sense of direction and meaningful identity when traversing around it.

The fourth strategy is to reclaiming the natural environment into the area. The native landscape and greeneries will be reclaim by using in between spaces and rooftop area. The waterfront also will be connected and open to the public views.

Both of the areas will be an active realms for public uses by introducing several outdoor furniture, activity pocket and amphitheater and exercise equipment.

Figure 5: Strategies

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

9

Programs

9.1 Hypothetical programs

Figure 6 : Hypothetical programs 9.2 Core program: commercial module Revitalizing the Ham Building Block as a cafe hub of Hanoi, office space and Readapting residential housing. To promote economic development and filling unvacant retail space while give back resident proper housing development. The house can act as a lodge or homestay by combining program that can attract tourist to the place.The economical feature such as water harvesting, solar collecting and bioclimatic design and green roof will be applied.

9.3 Secondary program: Lodging & Homestay Revitalizing and Re-adapting Residential Housing Revitalizing the Ham Building Block as a cafe hub of Hanoi, office space and Readapting residential housing. To promote economic development and filling unvacant retail space while give back resident proper housing development. The house can act as a lodge or homestay by combining program that can attract tourist to the place. The economical feature such as water harvesting, solar collecting and bioclimatic design and green roof will be applied.

9.4 Secondary program: Festival promenade To vibrant the promenade by providing stage and fitness equipment and space for event.

9.5 Secondary program: Communal open space To connect the community with the places which acts as meet point, breaking point, gather space and landmark

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178 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 9.6 Secondary program: Hybrid neighbourhood green group To transform roof floor as garden or park, bringing people, floor after floor, to a surprising green pocket over the roof building block. This green roof wants to be a sort of contemporary evolution of the tube-houses plot. It can decrease the air pollution using greenery and anti-pollution material and device to collect rain water and re-use.

10 Conclusion The project will become new model of business and tourism attraction in Hanoi with the example that epitomized the theory of hybridization. The plaza and memorial landmark will stimulate urban acupuncture within the inner city. Transit node and facilities such as shopping, will enhance the significance of the urban tourism. The promenade will be become the new interface of Old Quarter’s which represent the honourable memento of the past and historical event of heritage city.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

10 References [1] Planet, L. (2016) Hanoi, Vietnam. Available at: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/hanoi/introduction (Accessed: 3 May ,2016).

[2] Hanoi’s old quarter: The 36 streets (1994) Available at: http://thingsasian.com/story/hanois-old-quarter-36-streets (Accessed: 3 May 2016).

[3] Ngunyen, B.L. (2006) ‘HANOI’S OPEN SPACE AND GREEN AREAS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING PROCESS’, Annual Report of FY 2005, The Core University Program between Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Osaka University, pp. 101–104.

[4] savillsvietnam (2009) Tuongcuopams. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/savillsvietnam/savills-vietnam-q3-2009-hanoihcmc-market-presentation (Accessed: 3 May 2016).

[5] Divisare (2013) Annalisa Franchi, Elisa Monte, Massimo Mantese, Samuel Pradissitto, Elia Marchioni · historical Hanoi 2013. Available at: http://divisare.com/projects/243086-annalisa-franchi-elisa-monte-massimomantese-samuel-pradissitto-elia-marchioni-historical-hanoi-2013 (Accessed: 3 May 2016).

[6] Nathanssu (2012) Defining ‘hybrid’ – precedent studies. Available at: https://nathanssu.wordpress.com/2012/02/17/defining-hybrid-precedentstudies/ (Accessed: 3 May 2016).

[7] Eric, C. (2012) ‘The Hybrid City: Can a City Truly Be a Social Community?’, University of Sheffield School of Architecture , pp. 197–213.

[8] C.Phompun, S.Thongthew, K.M. Zeichner. (2013) “The Use of Hybridity Theory and the Third Space Concept to Develop a Teaching Identities Enhancement Program for Student Teachers”, pp197-213, 2013.

[9] A Felisberto das Neves, A.S. (2012) ‘Residential Hybrid Buildings Different temporalities in city’s life’, pp. 1-8, 2012 [10] The Creation of Place Design Team White Papers ThirdPlaces , Available at:http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.426.353&rep =rep1&tpe =pdf (Accessed: 3 May 2016).

[11] Paul, M. (1998) ‘Hybridity in the Third Space:Rethinking Bi-cultural Politics in Aotearoa/New Zealand’, Paper Presented to Te Oru Rangahau Maori Research and Development Conference Massey University, University of Waikato, pp.1-7

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Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Phuong 5

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Parisian Grace with Vietnam Pace F. F. Zulkipli

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract Known as the land of Blue Dragon, Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Hanoi has come to live for more than thousand years, rich of culture and heritage. Society have to see culture and heritage as a potential and that makes a society and the place different from others. But economy will not increase if only rely on the heritage of the site only. So the idea of enhancing the local economy by injecting new programme will attract more people not only local, also tourist. Urban design at every scale from sites to local areas is responsive to Hanoi’s geographic context and existing pattern of development to achieves excellence, and creates memorable places. The views from the public realm of existing landmarks are maintained, and that new landmarks are introduced to enhance the visual identity and appearance of the site and to improve way finding around the city. New buildings and features contribute to the sense of place in development permit areas and heritage conservation areas through sensitive and innovative responses to existing form and character.

Moreover, social vibrancy is fostered and strengthened through human scale design of buildings, streetscapes and public spaces.

Keywords: Deconstructive, Nodes, Heritage

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. Being the hub of the French Indochina colonial rule for over half a century, Hanoi is left with remarkable French heritage most evident in its architectural styles. The Old Quarter is among those places that have retained a lot of the old French aesthetics. Adaptations of the neo-classical Parisian styles like blue wooden shutters against the pale yellow paint, wrought iron balconies shaded by curved awnings and masonry ornaments.

2

Site Setting

Figure 2 : Site Plan Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi is North Vietnam’s lively central business district located in the north of the country. The characteristics of the tropical monsoon climate are warm, hot and rainy summer and cold winter with average temperature is 23.6ºC. The site which in Hoa Lo area near the most famous city’s large Hoan Kiem Lake. In 1882, the French demolished some of the building and replaced it with their french colonial style’s government offices around the lake. Vietnamese conserved most of it and some area was sold for development purposes. The land use dominant with 46% of it are institutional buildings such as National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi City Court, Supreme People’s Court of Vietnam and National Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology. The lowest only 3% is open space.

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Issues and potentials

The infamous ‘Hanoi Hilton’, Hoa Lo Prison was a prison used by the French colonists in Vietnam for political prisoners, and later by North Vietnam for U.S. Prisoners of War (POW) during the Vietnam War. During this later period it was sarcastically known to American POWs as the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. The prison was demolished during the 1990s, the Vietnamese government turned what was left which is the gatehouse into a museum. The museum exhibiting a few of the dank cells where Vietnamese revolutionaries were held and sometimes executed by the French in the mid-20th century. This the main factor of attraction of the site.

Furthermore, the potential of the site is that the area pack with people’s activities, not only vibrant environment, from the noise of motorcycles to street hawkers. But due to lack of public area, hawkers tend to do their business along the pedestrian walkway. Because of this issue, pedestrian is no longer a pedestrian. Pedestrian improvements is to make the city safer, especially for children and seniors citizen.

But even for the young and able-bodied, it will have a dramatic effect on the quality of life. Our goals are to maximize the number of trips that are within walking distance, and to give people a greater sense of safety and comfort when they walk. Most of the French colonial-era complex was razed to make way for a luxury apartment high rise. Thus, the plot ratio and building height can be as high as the current development to support the higher density in the future.

4

Theory

Deconstructive architect Bernard Tschumi attempt to demonstrate that complex architecture can be organized without reference to the traditional rules of composition, hierarchy and order in his project Parc De La Villette, Paris. He was succeed to create and generate nodes at the park. The red point of folies is the focus of the dissociated space, attract everyone who passed by the park. Not only tourist fascinated by his work, local are the most beneficial.

Using the rules of transformation of repetition, distortion, superimposition, and fragmentation, Bernard Tschumi has designed the follies without any functional considerations [1]. In fact, their only role is to create a matrix that work to organize the park and act as reference points to visitors within the park. This “weakening” of architecture, as Tschumi calls it, is an altered relationship between structure and image and structure and skin. The norms of the structure are the product for the events and activities. The Parc De La Villette creates objects and spaces of continuity and discontinuity and provides a location for all types of expression and activity.

‘Dispersed and reassembled, this space makes no claim to a utopian consensus but offers itself to a multitude of active interpretations and uses. La Villette, after all, means the little city in French’ as mentioned by Francois Barre [2] The Pleasure of Absence (1988) begins a fascinating exploration of Villette as a playground for the Empty Man, echoing the liberated schizophrenic nomad of Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti-Oedipus(1984), Mademoiselle X and the Body Without Organs. Instead, attention must be paid to the manifestation of the abstract in the actual, the metaphysical in the physical to examine Le Parc de la Villette today.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Concept Adaptation from deconstructivism of The Parc De La Villette, which is the concept of Points, Lines and Surfaces will these are used to create his contrasting the spatial organisations. These are a series of red deconstructed cubes that all have individual forms to one another. In Tschumi’s mind the Parc de la Villette should be a new type of city rather than a traditional park. Secondly, a network of movement, lines, two perpendicular axial routes run parallel to the point grid system. These form the two key walkways in the park and thus gives Parc de la Villette a linear focal point.

These walkways emphasize an appropriate entrance to the site. The final individual element to the design is the system of spaces, ‘Surfaces’. The definitions of which rely largely on the alleys of trees. This aspect concerns itself mainly with materiality. Some surfaces are constructed from naturalistic elements such as gravel, grass and compacted earth. Ironically, the ideal of a landscape has been striped from the design concept, which is usually the main focus for a traditional urban park design.

Inside-Out and Outside-In concept is to connect the inside of spaces to outside.

Like instead of bringing everyone inside one building or space, allows the things, experiences at the outside.

The concept of ‘Meme’, a meme is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture, a meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. The implementation of this concept on the pocket garden will allows the repetition [6].

5

Thesis Statement

The main agenda is to regenerate the vibrancy and the vitality of the site, revitalize the memory of the place. Rejuvenate the site with the sense of French. Expose the memories of the Hanoi Hilton and bridging the nodes like a virus. Tube house and the narrow alley as tourism. Insert the new programs to the alley. The development will later propagate the surrounding development thus creating an opportunity for new economy, which is tourism, along in fostering a community of environmental sensitive and creative.

6

Hypothesis

Combining the Parisian grace with Vietnam pace, it become exuberance place.

Instead of bring everyone inside in only one place, let them feel it outside.

Everything is a nodes. Like a virus, it is spread to one another, generate various activities on various level.

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7

Urban Design

7.1 Frameworks Most developing nations can only see into the short-term future, and end up sacrificing their heritage for development and growth. Hanoi can be different. It has the potential of becoming the remaining well preserved, sustainable gem of a city in Asia. Conserve the heritage building. Building with French architectural style.

Tourism was an important money-maker and urban authenticity through preservation added value to the city. So the overall framework of the development is on the whole stretch oh Hai Ba Trung street, since want to make use the potential of wide and busiest street.

7.2 Strategy In The Five Books of Architecture, published between 1537–1545 by Serlio, interpreted that there are three types of street which is tragic scene, comic and satyric scene. Using geometric perspective, are a Classical form of architecture for the tragic scene, Gothic for the comic scene and a landscape outside the city for the satyric [3]. Anthony Vidler maintains these three street types ‘comprised the paradigmatic environments of the Renaissance, the public realms within which the dramas of city and country life were to be acted out; dramas of state and public ritual in the tragic street, of boisterous merchant and popular life in the residential street of comedy, and of bucolic manners and country sport in the forest path’.

Even today we still think of the grandeur of the formal, straight street being associated with public exhibition and parade, the charming medieval street so admired by tourists as the pedestrianized.

‘Streets and their sidewalks, the main public places of a city, are its most vital organs. Think of a city and what comes to mind? Its streets. If a city’s streets look interesting, the city looks interesting; if they look dull, the city looks dull’ [4] by Jane Jacob, the popular urban planning critic conclude that the street are most important part in the city. In Hanoi’s perspective, ruled by French before, they plan the city with grid, ample of spaces but as the urban growth, the economic increase, Hanoi has rapid motorization. Due to this, the resulting urban traffic is nearly unparalleled. The streets are dull and depressed. The capital is indeed characterized by the lowest use of public transportation and the highest proportion of private transportation of all Asian capitals [5]. The idea of streets in the air are mostly possible due to the heavy traffic but it is not in the cultural norms. Yet the public spaces and green area are hardly to be seen. So the best way to liven up the streets are by insert the public spaces and to elevate it. The quiet streets where greater consideration should be given to the need for privacy and defensible space, so the elevated spaces will be the new private area, only for pedestrian.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

The most street activity occurs when it is convenient for large numbers of pedestrians to use the street in a variety of ways. When densities are high the activity in streets are increases. Multi level of street create different views and perspectives on how society appreciate the site.

7.3 Programme

7.3.1 ‘The Bridge’ A network of Punctual Interventions for regeneration of public space, to give continuity to traditional programs and improve infrastructure and environmental quality of the spaces where they occur is proposed. “The Bridge” allows various of activities in different levels. On Hoa Lo street, make clear the road and becoming traffic free in a bid to encourage locals and visitors alike to relax, having coffee and mingle. The elevated street at Hai Ba Trung street allow and unwind and the fantastic range of exhibitions, games, talks, pop-ups and shows on offer throughout the street.

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188 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 7.3.2 Regenerate Residential The original tube house are from the shop house, which is include of courtyard in the center of the buiding. The layout consisted of three compartments called ‘gian’ in a row, each facing street. Later, a tax was imposed on the width of each shop house and cause of reducing of three gian to a single gian. The rapid urbanization and the rural migration into the city led to a shortage housing and making the added dwelling shift to rear of the buildings, then led to added dwelling vertically. The tube house nowadays are taller as tall as five storeys and longer. Extending through the entire block, but they retain a slender footprint and high density. So there are lack of consideration on wind and natural lighting. The question on how to bring natural light and ventilation into a space that’s usually hemmed in by buildings on either side began to rise. In this matter, regenerate the residential is important and also since the new modern mixed development exist, people attention only on it, so the other existing residential and commercial need to be refurbish to maintain the living and the economy. The new residential will allows air and light inside the house with the central atrium.

Figure 7(b) : Tube House Morphology

Atrium

Figure 7(c) : Idea of Central Atrium

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

8

Development Phase

Figure 8(a) : Development Area The Figure 8(a) shows all the development area. The development are in Hai Ba Trung street, Hoa Lo street, residential and front of National Library of Vietnam.

The first phase [Figure 8(b)] is to make Hai Ba Trung street as the main connector of the site. It will consist a few of nodes on the same street. It also involve the public realm on the site because only 0.3% of open space are noticeable. Public realm will creates various of activities. Also will make good the pedestrian and walkway along the road and emphasis alleys. Since alley one of the tourist’s attraction.

The second phase [Figure 8(c)] is to enhance the main attraction of the site which is the Hoa Lo Prison museum. After 1990, the remaining prison became museum. the ‘Hanoi Hilton’ supposed sound luxury and glamour, but it far from imagination and the activities outside are dead. so with the intervention to bring the memories outside, it will create new nodes.

The third phase [Figure 8(d)] focuses on the residential on the left of the site. Since the new modern mixed development exist, people attention only on it, so the other existing residential and commercial need to be refurbish to maintain the living and the economy.

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Figure 8(b) : Phase 1

Figure 8(c) : Phase 2

Figure 8(d) : Phase 3

9

Conclusion

As for future projection, through time, deconstructive development will emerge on site and heritage will remain the same. Either local or tourist will appreciate them.

The most influence of development and preservation are society, economy, environment and political involvement. The heritage and new development should be merged together. It is for the better Hanoi.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

10 References [1] Douglas Kelbough, “Three Urbanism and the Public Realm”, University of Michigan, USA [2] Papadakis, A. (1988). Deconstruction in Architecture. Architectural Design [3] Cliff Moughtin, (2003) Urban Design : Street and Square [4] The Death and Life of Great American Cities [5] Danielle Labbe, (2010) “Facing the urban transition in Hanoi: Recent urban planning issues and initiatives”, Institute National De la Recherche Scientifique Centre [6] Rushkoff, Douglas. (1994) Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. New York:Ballantine.

[7] Kevin Lynch,(1960) “The Image of The City”, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England [8] John Montgomery (1998): Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design, Journal of Urban Design

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Edu-Creative Hub; embellishing the city through innovation and creative field.

N. M. K. Mohd Izhari

Center of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Abstract Edu-Creative Hub: Mechanism for Urban Creative and Innovation person developed from the acknowledgment that usage and arrangement experimentation has relocated descending from states to areas and districts that have ventured into turned out to be more agile advocates for majority rules system and experimentation. Creative Cities welcoming and envision the social and innovative movements that have reshaped how individuals collaborate in the 21st century.

These urban communities are reviving urban spaces to fit these new examples.

These movements are as of now changing urban communities from numerous points of view which is economy, learning skill, wellbeing, sustainability and design. The Creative City gains from the considerable urban communities of the past. Its versatile reuse and rejuvenation of more established blended use neighbourhood’s pulls in millennial business people and innovation and creative based organizations. What's more, it handles the monetary capability of the maturing populace. With decent, less auto driven groups, the Creative City empowers natives to age set up, make new organizations, and serve as experienced guides to rising business people. Its adaptable mandates and codes empower communities to make provisional conveniences and manufacture versatile, beneficial new spaces that promote the trading of thoughts and assets.

Keywords: urban, creative city, economic, innovation, knowledge, communities.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi is a capital city of Vietnam. It is a second largest city of Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City. During the 10 century (since 1010-2010) history and development of Hanoi capital associated with the process of urbanization. The Citadel, the 36 Streets, the French Quarter over the periods are determined to be the center of Hanoi ancient or historic urban core, a center of culture - politics - economics, the focus of the headquarters of the state of Vietnam, where the cultural activities on national, regional and international levels. Period from Peace reset far, Hanoi has repeatedly re-plan the city with the principles of civilized, modem and clean environment.

2

Site Setting

Figure 1: Key plan of French Quarter and Old Quarter (Han Kiem), Hanoi.

The chosen Site is located at Old Quarter which is near the landmark of city, Hanoi Train Station. This 42 acres parcel is a part of core area in French Quarter with consist variety type of building and social life and cultures. Its strategic location near to the transportation hub enhances its potential to be developed as a future urban area that incorporates the buildings, the programmes/ activities and people to be more vibrant place to live in.

Figure 2: Location Plan

Figure 3 : Site Area Perimeter

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3

Potentials and Dilemmas

The site has much potential and dilemmas which contribute to the intervention sections goal where the issues are stand up which affects the existing development growth of the area. The site parcel has multiple dilemmas which contribute to its fading community and lack of growth especially for the local population. The increment of new development at surrounding influences the existing land value and economy of that area which the local are unable to survive the expenditure hence abandoning their property and many move to cheaper rural areas. In addition, due to rapid development, the open spaces for public area are being neglected and diminish. There is no more public space to local community to have active social cohesion and outdoor activities with their family. The existing development of its unutilized back of cities, the disclamation of operational shop lot and the scarcity of open space area required to be developing into a leisure and commercial maturation. [1] Furthermore, the site area also lack of creative platforms or start-up area for existing young or fresh graduate emerging entrepreneurs. Due to the high rent rate and lack of attraction spaces, community from the creative field have difficulty in acquiring spaces to turn into boutiques or studios.

The potential of the area is clearly the main street of French Quarter itself with considerable of open space area that exists as vehicle parking space, empty back lanes, empty footpath, and infill and replacement space. Due to this potential, a new programming development shall be injected into it. [2] The spreading of art program is apparently possible for the development of site. Thus, by reprogramming the inactive space into a new program could enliven and vibrancy that area. Community from the creative field would be the catalyst to the initial program by providing them a mix-used platform to thrive on such as affordable studios, event spaces, and gallery and shop unit. Hence, it will attract other creative locals of whole Vietnam region and international visitor to around Hanoi. Thus, foster the place into a creative hub.

In addition, the local community also will be benefit from this implementation, as it would boost the local economic business and giving employment opportunities.

Besides integrating commercial values, the programs will indirectly educate the public about embracing their own creative and culture and also for their leisure.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

4

Theory

KNOWLEDGE SPACE Knowledge space can be described as an emerging anthropological space in which the knowledge of individuals becomes the primary focus for social structure, values and beliefs. [3] In this space singularities (Individual) are recognized as singularities and knowledge becomes the guiding value for humanity. Since all human experience represents unique knowledge, within knowledge space all individuals are valued for their unique knowledge regardless of race (earth space) nationality (territorial space) or economic status (commodity space). Within this space static identity gives way to the “quantum identities” as individuals become participates and the distinction between of “us’ and “them” disappeared. Instead, humanity forms “collective intelligence” in which knowledge is valued and freely traded. What is “real” becomes “that which implies the practical activity, intellectual and imaginary of living subjects”.

The larger the network, the more valuable it becomes. Although individual thinkers invent and discover, it is a groups which typically refine and extend innovations.

[4] Moreover, highly developed ideas rarely emerge from single and isolated thinkers; they usually come as a result of a process of interaction.

Thus to produce a great mind, a network of Information and social spaces is needed for a person to gather information and exchange the information gathered with other people.

Figure 4 : Diversity of creative minds from different background (earth, territorial & commodity)

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5

Thesis Statement

TOWARDS HANOI CREATIVE CITY 2066 Now days, there many city in the world that are used creative industries as their city catalyst with is Glasgow , Bristol, London, Cebu, Bangkok , Taipei, Auckland, Bandung, Yokohama and more. By applying the same ideas of creative city, a network program will connect Hanoi with 12 other creative cities. They will join Hanoi to seek business opportunities, build creative collaboration, and learn from the best practices.

Hanoi will become a central point in the future creative industry - based on economic development. At last but not least, not just a barometer for the region of Vietnam but also the East Asia Region. Hanoi will officially select as the pilot project for development as a creative city for East Asia. The development is like a ‘magnet’ for creative industry inventor for the whole Vietnam and around the world. Moreover, by implement this pilot project, Hanoi is expected to popularize the spirit of creative cities in a global world, thus becoming the prototype for such development in 2066.

6

Hypothesis

The project looks at how the creative world can be a catalyst to encourage innovation culture in the urban community. A successful city shall be refine as the methodology of art nurture to the public realm elements such as pedestrian street, cities back lane, unenergetic open space can be transform to a more successful manners.

The design is based on Creative City concept. The design is to encourage openmindedness and imagination which has strong implications for organizational culture. From this perspective, creative city it is not only artists and those involved in the creative economy that are creative, although they play an important role.

Creativity can come from any source including anyone who addresses issues in an inventive business person, a scientist or public servant.

The focus of this project is to maximizing knowledge exchange, expanding information retrieval, and prioritizing mind meditation. By focusing on this three main aspect, French Quarter area will become a hub for creative cities. From this perspective, creative city it is not only artists and those involved in the creative economy that are creative, although they play an important role. Creativity can come from any source including anyone who addresses issues in an inventive way be it a social worker, a business person, a scientist or public servant. In addition, public can act as part of the community. [5]

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 5: 4 Main Design Objectives

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework A structure thought crucial fundamental the urban rebuild framework in this anticipate. Lift greatest advancement, settled most extreme potential improvement of the site from its infill, substitution and its open space in this manner expanding business worth and action nearby. Light up back of urban areas with a strengthened paths, parking spots, squares, rear way behind main street, back of the house plan to be remembered in dynamic and connect with yard, wooer and porch entered by person on foot and bikers. Drawing near to the potential spot of vegetation highest forth coming to guarantee an enormity of the manageable green city thundering by the state vision.

In addition, by creating an integrated network of walkway and transportation system can make city involving between neighbourhood and city place.

Strengthening the web work of city, develop the number of inhabitants in living and acting concerning supplanting to distinguish immature purposes of website with untainted maintainable of blended use framework with deliberately thought the current effective action program. [6] Increasing the vibrancy of the city with reprogrammed the abandoned and underused spaces of the site with a more sustainable and attractive use of programs but still respecting the existing programs at the site. Mix utilized rebuilding program, the new improvement for the offices and system is breaker in term of use and operation to reproduce further the current blend use program with the new propose urban infusion plan.

7.2 Strategy The Creative concept will be utilized as the system of this improvement methodology. In this methodology, there will be two fundamental structures to be utilizing, for example, the spreading of creative knowledge and mixed development. In spreading of creative perceive, a multi improvement of development offices and system planned for the city becoming urban rebuild will be scatter and move by neighbourhood and tourist.

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198 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi The principal impersonation of the concept configuration system is the urban pioneer operation as working focus to oversee different development project and offices for the city. The Creative Lab incorporates workplaces, exhibition centre, occasion space and public occasion zone (social pocket space) which will possess the symphonies creative and innovation program in the city improvement.

Figure 6 : The Creative Lab Area The second methodology is the green network system as to improve the support of neighbourhood and traveller circulating the site with quantities of occasion or event attentions. The ground level should incorporate a progression of development occasions, for example, an open talk, creative activity park, installation and sculpture zone and social bistro street. A capability of lavish space on the current private will be a spot for the generative space for a project, for example, fashion and design rooftop venue, musical rooftop venue and portable administration roof venue. This new typology of rooftop venue might make another urban experience of advancement impact for the new improvement. The current housetop of private is rent out for the occasion, for example, show, fashions show, occasions and celebrations. [7]

Figure 7 : Green Network Area The third outline methodology is the creative core layering which characterize as a three different kind of system on the new improvement of building layers. In the first place layer characterize as commercial layer because of the capacity particular to sending environment of encompassing public activities which will draw in more guest to the shops. The intermediate layer might be program as the galleria because of the project goes about as a key of the base and top layer. The top layer might be program as office and studio as it require a more privacy, security and calm environment keeping in mind the end goal to take every necessary step and in the meantime to cater the intermediate and base layer. The requested gathering layer of

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

usefulness, with the application-particular situated in the top, middle and base layer makes an arrangement of creativation structure for the improvement of the new building sort.

Figure 8 : The Creative Core Layer Area To help creative district organizations hold top ability, the city's system in the locale permitted trial units be assembled. Outline suggested littler units that could be redone by occupants, a solid spotlight on shared basic spaces, supplanting autos with bicycles, and more open doors and impetuses for designers to explore. The Creative District's new residential development is reclassifying urban living as a rousing association center for the inventive and spurred. The improvement's creative outline helps Factory have the design innovation gallery and development discussions in association with the District's driving associations. What's more, as a feature of flourishing communities, the configuration offer shared work space and meeting rooms, a typical kitchen, studio, and deck with flame broil, and in addition online networking and local retail partners. [8]

Figure 9 : The Residetial Area

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200 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 7.3 Hypothetical Programs

Figure 10: Hypothetical Programs

8

Conclusion

Old Quarter should have the capacity to adjust to what's to come. A versatility of place can be and ought to be implanted into the urban fabric through imaginative strategy medicine and plan decisions. As outline speculation turns out to be increasingly engrained in the way we settle on choices at the civil level we will live in groups where structures, neighbourhoods, districts and urban communities can perform at their most abnormal amount of limit. The present quests for large portions of our most inventive urban areas are driving us in that course. Urban communities as a Lab is at its heart a manual for other city pioneers that might want to likewise make puts that are more inventive and liveable for future eras.

Thinking back to Old Quarter of Hanoi, we understood that year by year individuals are coming to encounter the energy about legacy in the territory (heritage). The city is converged with the current legacy that had been rebuilt with a key improvement arrangement. Development program that mix with the legacy component should shape a fresher and brand new urban environment for the productivity of the city. Individuals of present days are losing the force of innovation. Rethinking spaces from institutional/libraries to business structures to open pockets to being an office itself, is changing the way individuals associate with each other. It is changing the majority of the spaces inside and outside of the building where we spend our lives.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

9

References [1] Veal A. J., Definition of Leisure and Recreation 2004, Australian Journal of Leisure and Recreation Vol. 2, No. 4, 1992, pp. 44-48, 52.

[2] Pierre Levy, Collective Intelligence, trans. Robert Bononno, Perseus Books, 1999.

[3] Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian Information Rules. Harvard Business Press. ISBN 0-87584-863-X.

(1999).

[4] James Hendler and Jennifer Golbeck (2008). "Metcalfe's Law, Web 2.0, and the Semantic Web".

[5] MIT Sensible City Lab, “LIVE http://senseable.mit.edu/livesingapore/visualizations.html.

Singapore!”

[6] Michael Mehaffy. “Which Cities Are the World’s Most Innovative?

Medellin, “Urban Land March 2013, http://urbanland.uli.org/Articles/2013/Feb/CityoftheYear.

(Access date: 15 May 2016) [7] The rooftop project: the neighbourhood, the rooftop project, 2015. Available at: http://www.the-neighbourhood.com. (Access date: 27 June 2016) [8] Alexis Blue, “Census Bureau Report: Downtown Populations on the Rise:” http://web.sbs.arizo-na.edu/college/news/census-bureau-report downtownpopulations-rise.

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Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Phuong 6

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Redefining the French Quarter: Dinh Le Street Rejuvenation Project I. Mohsin

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecturre, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Abstract Urban tourism and heritage has remained a consistent industry in one of the main country’s economy generator. Taking into consideration the areas with associate potential in Hanoi, the Dinh Le Street whose variety of resources in this field, offering possibilities of developing the area. The present tourism and travelling industry offers many opportunities in urban evolvement. For an instance the invented of third places generated by the street user offers a flux of visitor to the particular place. The conflict exists when the historical relics comes across with increasing of the urban population which leads to the heritage degradation. The design intervention focus on tackling urban tourism within the historical heritage context through thoughtful city redefining program. Through this initiative, several strategies has been carry out including Adaptive Street Program, Sreetscape Projects and along with Neighbourhood Regeneration Program. These program will take place on the uplifting of the old shop houses, beautification of the sidewalks, cafes and event areas.

Keywords: heritage, tourism, redefining, regeneration, urban tourism

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Figure 1(a) Corelation of culture between French Colonialization and local in Hanoi old streets In the course of historical development, Hanoi has undergone a diverse of accumulated heritage between French colonial and local culture. These legacies have high values of architecture, art and uses, that has been involved in Vietnamese social life for more than a century and played an important historical role in the development of the country, thus they became a part of cultural heritage of Vietnam. Connecting heritage with urban development will enhance the value of historical urban areas and bring benefits to the local economy.

However, in the process of development and modernization, many places has priority over the short-term goal rather than to maintain architectural - urban heritage treasury. Therefore, heritage at many places has been affected, vulnerable hurt, even destroyed - through bringing up local economic benefits but losing the moral values of the community and heritage.

In this project, choosing the topic “Redefining the French Quarter: Dinh Le Street Rejuvenation Project� is significantly potrays and promote the rich historical essence that includes socio - culture reprogam, revitalize the proposed area along with the heritage preservation of the French Quarter. By doing so, the intervention is an experiment that will project a breath of fresh air along the Dinh Le Street that will transform the ambience of the area and create points of interest to attract more local users and tourists into the proposed area.

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2

Site Setting

Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. The number of population in 2015 was estimated at 7.7 million people. Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War. The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is 1,760 km (1,090 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City and 120 km (75 mi) west of Hai Phong city.

The proposed site is also known as Hanoi’s French Quarter lies to the southeast of Hoan Kiem lake. In the late 19th century, when the French occupied Hanoi, they demolished many of the old Vietnamese buildings and replaced them with imposing French-style villas. Located in-between old shophouses and colonial administrative building, the area is characterized by wide tree-lined streets which, while still busy with traffic, still - elegant boulevards, and sprawling tumbledown villas afford visitors a glimpse of a proud, the colonial legacy harmoniously blended with Chinese and Vietnamese architecture. The area is also home to some of Hanoi’s fanciest restaurants and hotels.

The highlights of this area is the strong sense of French colonial as it is situated near the the luxury majestic hotel, Sofitel Metropole Legend Hotel, built in 1901, has a rich history and a century long tradition of welcoming ambassadors, entertainers including Charlie Chaplin. Nearby the site, a park lies opposite the Hoan Kiem Lake knownly as Ly Thai To Park where the area became vibrantly active during night time with loads of recreational activities including ballroom dancing, aerobics and cultural shows.

The place will promote and highlights point of interests in French Quarter which will indirectly embrace the concept of flânerie along the street. It will be implemented as the key strategy towards promoting the French quarter for the tourism purpose.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 2(a) Proposed site

Figure 2(b) Existing site inventories

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3

Potentials and Dilemmas

Tourism is one of the main economy in Vietnam. According to Hanoi’s Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism the city received 70,083 foreign tourists in February 2015 especially during the lunar New Year festival and contributed 42% of the total income to the economy. Unfortunately, lack of extra attention been paid to this tourism potential spot such as Dinh Le Street in the area of French Quarter.

This street is famously known as book street sprawling from the beginning of the street up to the end of the Hanoi General Post Office Headquarters.

Alongside with a numbers of historical building left untreated and degraded from its real function, this area is a hidden gem for the tourists to explore and observe. However, the crowd and activities occured actively during night time and flow of people came from Ly Thai To Park. On the day time the street and sidewalks occupied by motorcycles making it hard for tourists to walk about around the corner.

The most potential group to develop this area are the local youths and foreign tourists. Therefore, the proposed new program will enhanced the dynamism of the street that open up to beautiful pedestrianized street.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

4

Theory

4.1 “Convivial Cities” through Flanerie and the Invention of Third Places

Figure 4.1(a) The Need of Third Places There’s an endless proliferation of all kinds of tourism: oenological, survival, gastronomy, sexual, religious, cultural, LGBT, beach tourism. The result is market segmentation. We find as many destinations as potential consumer segments. The current tourism isn’t mass, although it is more massive than ever, fulfilling itself from the emotional consumption of a certain place. All of this places associated with the concept of effective public realm by attracting visitors which leads to social activities and area establishment.

Lisa Peattie (1998) argued that most of the city planners seem to be obsessed with creating a sense of community while neglecting conviviality as a planning goal. Conviviality is more than just feasting and fun, drinking and good company, it is an “autonomous and creative intercourse among persons, and the intercourse of persons with their environment” (Illich,1973) Clearly, many of these communal public actions typically happen in existing public spaces streets, squares, parks and other open spaces or in such public buildings such as community centres.

In order to create this conviviality atmosphere, appropriate mix of flânerie and successful third places is much needed in triggering social activities. Flânerie here refers to the act of “the activity of strolling and looking”, a derivation from the French noun flâneur, means “stroller”, “lounger”, or “loafer” (wikipedia.org) The contributing factor to this flânerie act, is linked to the invented of third spaces. The concept of “third places” can be described as the placed that opposed to the first place of home or the second place of work or school. (Oldenburg, 1989) A third place is a destination other than a person’s

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home or office, and these destinations are important because they foster social interaction, facilitate community trust and elevate our sense of place. These places are bars, sidewalk cafes, bookstores and places that associated with the culture-specific of a particular city. These places indirectly triggered the act of flânerie and become an active social interaction space and thus dictate a successful public life.

Figure 4.1(b) Flanerie act; Gustave Caillebotte, “Rue de Paris, temps de pluie” (Paris Street; Rainy Day)1877 The same formula is also applied to reinvented streets and places like Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica, La Rambla in Barcelona and of course the most celebrated reinvention of the century, Times Square in New York City.

(c)

(d)

Figure 4.1(c) & (d) Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica; La Rambla in Barcelona

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

4.2 Tourism and Heritage as trigger point In search of a dynamic social interaction, environment and activities are the major contribution to the atmosphere. The tourism industry provide international and domestic visitors with the opportunity to experience, understand and enjoy the special values of city’s heritage. A great deal of tourism relies on places with natural, indigenous and historical significance as fundamental assets on which tourism products are based.

Tourism needs to be planned carefully to be appropriate to the significance of a place. Therefore, the participatory process between the user and experience indirectly trigger a significant reminder. The goal is to have a psychology impact through remarkable historic places between the user, thus strengthens one sense of identity towards the place.

5

Thesis Statement

5.1 REDEFINING THE FRENCH QUARTER: DINH LE STREET REJUVENATION PROJECT This project focusing on the restoration and reviving the old colonial street through strategies and phase approached. Located in the heart of French Quarter, Dinh Le Street was chosen to be the area of the proposal as it is been seen of its potential activities for tourism and visitors but no effort has been taken to redefine this street and reachable. The vision of this project is to rejuvenate a potential area for tourism and visitors from becoming repetitively dull, unattractive and degradation of the urban heritage. Besides that, this project is a stepping stone for income generator as tourism-driven economy.

Benefits of tourism-driven income towards socio-culture and economy: 

Foreign exchange earnings. Tourism expenditures generate income to the host economy and stimulate the investment necessary for finance growth.



Direct and indirect contributions to government revenues that come from taxes and duties levied on goods and services supplied to tourists.



Significant employment generation. Tourisms can generate jobs directly through hotels, restaurant, taxis and services needed by tourism-related businesses.



Facilities and infrastructure developed for tourism can benefit the local.

This will bring higher living standards in a society.



Transmission and preservation of cultural and historical traditions.

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6

Hypothesis

The project look at how cities function in the structuring of tourism in the country. The colonial elements in the French Quarter can be the main catalyst for this project as it is seen as the potential point for the intervention. Thus the needs of restructuring the program involving street and inactive public spaces is indeed an essential for tourism purposed. This street project also induced the visitor of the place through mobility and city exploration. This will automatically accentuate the permeability of the city vicinity by using Flânerie concept. By doing so, visitors will have the experience of exploring and connecting the city by themselves. This psychological personal connection with the environment later would trigger a memorable reminder for the visitor that came to this street. The possibilities of this street shall be celebrate to its maximum level for urban pleasure and excitement.

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework

Figure 7.1(a) Urban Framework

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

A structure or framework is an essential in order to execute the proposal efficiently. The main mechanism guiding the framework is the street rejuvenation and restoration of the urban heritage, where public space acted as a landscape of events, meetings and exchanges. The urban framework is devised into three stages which is; discover, process and implement. These three main stages later will become the main framework guiding the intervention towards project realization. i. Discover Starting with the first steps, a governing body from private or public sector that initiate the efforts shall be calling for investors as due to funding of the project.

After the investors identification and presentation, a team of government sector or private NGO should already set up with the winning investors. During this stage also engaged with a team from the technical department such as urban designer and architects in order to carry the required proposals. Problems and issues need to be addressed here. Tools such as site and SWOC analysis is much needed throughout this process. By doing so, architects and designer would produced the best of results for their design proposals. ii. Process The second step involved promoting the area to the public as tourism purposed.

The promotion of the project shall be presented to local authority and run under the blessing of the city council. Advertising also is the important key to attract more investors for project commencement. The interested group of investors such as travel driven investor i.e. Expedia or Groupon could diversified the promotion of the area through online networking. In this stage, the architects and designer shall conclude a strong final design or program that can contribute both local and the investors. As for this project, the design seeks to redefine the area into three modes of urban intervention: street re-appropriate, Ly Thai To Park renewal and Waterfront Installation. The details intervention strategies and operation will later described on the next topic. iii. Implement Lastly, the commencement of the future proposals shall be carry out if the target reached a strong supports from various partnership. The area establishment is indeed necessary for transforming the city’s landscape. The expected development shall benefit and contribute to the country’s GDP and economy. This will consequently improved the locals standards of living and bring growth to the country’s economy.

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7.2 Strategy

Figure 7.2(a) Strategy The intervention main agenda is to provide a tourism hub as catalyst for preserving heritage, culture and economy generator. The purpose of this hub is to generate and uplifting the local economy to its best as shown on above diagram. Tourism-driven urbanism will have an impact to the growth of tourists business oriented such as restaurants and hotels. Prior to this, job opportunities will indirectly contribute to the locals as part of the economy development.

Diagram 7.2(a) also explained the flow of the strategy starting from finding a potential investor as a client for this intervention until the final stage on the program execution. This particular program includes enhance the quality of the subjected area such as the Dinh Le Street, Hoan Kiem Lake waterfront and Ly Thai To Park. by providing better facilities and amenities for tourism needs.

By providing better facilities, this will encourage the street user to explore more the area of interests through the walkability approach. The tourism-driven urbanism includes below strategies: i. Dinh Le Street Pedestrian Promenade The main area of the intervention is the Dinh Le Street, where most tourismdriven activities can be found here. This street also famous as Hanoi’s Booker Street where most of the business varies from shops selling books and bookshop cafes. The original idea for the intervention is to block the desired area from cars and turn it into full pedestrian promenade street. The strategy of the car-free street will encourage people to walk and explore the city by implementing better facilities and street beautification.

Figure 7.2(b) Strategy 1; Dinh Le Street Pedestrian Promenade

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

ii. Ly Thai To Park Renewal The second strategy for the intervention is the Ly Thai To Park where most of the local came to this park for recreational activities and meeting point.The idea is to create a pavilion place where tourists and local connect and learn about the local culture. The pavilion also served as a observatory deck where visitors have the opportunity to watch the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake from a different perspective.

Figure 7.2(c) Strategy 2; Ly Thai To Park Renewal ii. Waterfront Installation The final strategy for the intervention is the Hoan Kiem Lake waterfront beautification and installation.

Figure 7.2(d) Strategy 3; Hoan Kiem Lake Waterfront

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7.3 Development Phase The development of the area of intervention is divided into three stages; the first one will start with the Dinh Le Street followed by the second area the Ly Thai To Park and the final stage is the Hoan Kiem Lake Waterfront.

Figure 7.3(a) Phase 1; Street re-appropriate - Dinh Le Street Pedestrian Promenade

Figure 7.3(b) Phase 2; Ly Thai To Park Renewal

Figure 7.3(c) Phase 3; Waterfront Installation

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

7.4 Hypothetical Programs i. Core program: Street re-appropriate - Dinh Le Street Pedestrian Promenade This mode of intervention is aimed to rejuvenate the back lanes of the shop lots through street beautification, urban infill and restoring the old facade of shop lots. The area also will be car-free area to increase pedestrian mobility.

Landscape shall be optimize for the pedestrian comfort and safeness in order to increase pedestrian mobility. Re-appropriate also an idea to reuse and infill the vacant potential space of shop lots through facade treatment and economy generator. ii. Secondary program: Ly Thai To Park renewal This park located at the back of Dinh Le Street facing the Hoan Kiem Lake served for the public space for the locals where most of recreational activities and meeting point occurred. Unfortunately the park only active during the night time and crowded towards midnight. This is an renewal development idea for this intervention where modern approached applied to this park. Small Pavillion overlooking the lake is designed for tourist and local to appreciate more the surrounding environment. This park transformation will slowly active during the day and more vibrant during night time. iii. Secondary program: Waterfront Installation The strength for this site is its location that overlooking the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake. The vibrancy and the scenic view shall be appreciate through this program. Natural environment will be reclaim through visual experiences. This reclaim and scene scape is the main key point for the waterfront installation.

One should experienced the vibrancy portrayed by the activities around the Hoan Kiem Lake that received an unforgettable memory of the French Quarter.

Figure 7.4(a) Hypothetical Program

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8

Conclusion

The rejuvenation program is intended to revive the existing inactive program to the next level. This new program will enhance more the existing structure along with the highlights of the French Quarter. Tourists and visitors are the important key players for this program in a successful urban participation.

Exploring the French Quarter would be more exciting and memorable through interaction with the new enhance environment.

Figure 8(a) Future Proposal

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

9

References [1] A collective of authors, “Sustainability in Heritage Protected Areas”, the European Urban Summer School (EUSS), the Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland.

[2] Blunden F. “DIY Initiative: Urban Strategy for City of Slupsk, Poland”, Plymouth University (2015).

[3] Noha N., Planning for Urban Heritage Places : Reconciling Conservation, Tourism, and Sustainable Development, 2003.

[4] Ramblers association 2010, Ramblers At The Heart Of Walking, Walking Facts And Figure 2 : Participation In Walking, WFF2 V3.1 DdM 06/05/10 [5] Jepson, Edward J. 2001. Sustainability and planning : Diverse concepts and close associations. Journal of Planning Literature 15, 4: 499-510.

[6] Victorian Government, Melbourne, Tourism Victoria, Backpacker Tourism Action Plan 2009-2013, 2009.

[7] Cristopher Tweed*, Margaret Sutherland; Building Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Urban Development, 2007.

[8] Badaruddin Mohamed, A. Ghafar Ahmad, Izzamir Ismail; Heritage Route along Ethnic Lines: the Case of Penang.

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Boosting the Catalyser: Hanoi Opera House.

M. F. Aziz

Master of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Universiti Teknologi Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract During its long history, Hanoi City of Vietnam has experienced many different cultures including Chinese, French, Soviet and other contemporary influences. The question to be addressed in this paper, therefore, is: have different Eastern and Western cultures that have dominated the development of Hanoi City influenced open space planning? The review of the case study showed that the various fragmented historical and cultural periods of influence have generated different approaches to urban planning and provision of open space. In Hanoi, both capitalist and socialist planning approaches have been applied at different periods of time.

These differences are still evident in present day of Hanoi City. The study concluded that although representative plans for each historical period highly valued open space, none of these plans met all the evaluation criteria. The analysis also highlighted the limitations of each plan which needed to be considered in order to achieve effective planning. Findings of this study will contribute to the research literature on the fields of planning for liveability and urban open space. They will also help to inform the city government, planners and communities of Hanoi City about issues related to city planning and provision of open space from the past to the present. In this manner, this study makes a contribution towards a “greener�

Hanoi in a more liveable capital city Keywords: Hanoi, culture, group people, gender, age, tourist, local, French colonial, Vietnam government, Urban and rural planning, planning approach, planning role, planning technology

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich culture with Southeast Asian, Chinese and French influences. At its heart is the chaotic Old Quarter, where the narrow streets are roughly arranged by trade. There are many little temples, including Bach Ma, honouring a legendary horse, plus Dong Xuan market, selling household goods and street food [1]. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts [2]. The city boasts a population of around nine million. The downtown area, still referred to as Saigon, is growing at a rate that will equal Tokyo by 2020. If Hanoi is the political capital of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City is the commercial heart and a magnet for foreign investors. Progress aside, Saigon is steeped in tradition, a living monument to the past that wears its culture proudly on its sleeve. Decorated with colonial and French style architecture throughout the city, Saigon houses a unique mixture of past and present.

2

Site Setting

The chosen site is located at the French colonial Trang Tien & Hai Ba Trung Street at Hoàn Kiếm district which is the planner of this French Quarters (Ernest Hébrard) during the colonial era, which explains the wide, tree-lined boulevards and frequent parklands.. Hoàn Kiếm is an urban district (quận) of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, named after the scenic Hoàn Kiếm Lake. Hoàn Kiếm District is the downtown and commercial centre of Hanoi. Most of the largest Vietnamese public corporations and bank headquarters are located here, but the central government offices are located in Ba Đình District (sometimes called the French quarter). The Hanoi City Committee is located on Dinh Tien Hoang Street, adjacent to the Hoan Kiem Lake. Many of Hanoi's tourist attractions are located here, including: The Old Quarter, Hanoi Opera House, National Museum of Vietnamese History, and the Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre

Figure 1.0 Key plan of downtown Hanoi

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Figure 2 Site Parameter & Figure Ground

3

Potentials and Dilemmas

The canal (Trang Tien Street) is a major physical & historical asset of French Colonial architecture in the heart of Old Quarters. Difference kind of activities & programs happened on frontage of building, back lane & secondary road. The Trang Tien Streets as main road that connect between main architectural attractions the Opera House to the Ho Kiem Lake (direct to) strong connectivity grid pattern.

The site surrounding were rich with the hard & soft scape because of the earlier planning by the French Planner Ernest HĂŠbrard during that French Colonial which is to balance the hard & soft scape. The site also acts as meeting or assembly point (Nodes) between upper, middle, lower class at this place, for example year event like New Year Eve, Music Festival,. Maximising the potential of the canal (Trang Tien Street) as a key asset by injecting batter active lifestyle program. Trang Tien read as arterial route way providing outward connectivity to the rest of Hoen Kiem District. Unbalance human scale through from the Opera House to the Ho Kiem Lake (Day - Night time) because of the difference culture and program or activided or happened. The program & Land used were plan or divide based on group.

Heading to Opera House the numbers of human decrease. Existing activity required in small human scale & in slow movement or action.

Figure 3.0 Potential & dilemma

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

4

Theory

The background theory were based on the Architect Rem Koolhaas “Culture of Congestion” which stated that the architecture promotes a state of congestion on all possible levels, and exploits this congestion to inspire and support particular forms of social intercourse that together form a unique culture of congestion [3]. In this culture congestion, the dense of population and infrastructures has an important role as Koolhaas suggested. By stacking upwards such as high-rises that separates the different uses [4]. The culture congestion is great; however, we do need to have different levels of income and class citizens to unite as whole. It is architectural promote a state of congestion on all possible levels, and exploits this congestion to inspire and support particular form of social intercourse that together form a unique culture of congestion.

Figure 4.0 Sketches Culture of Congestion

5

Thesis Statement

Injecting the new such as “program” and also synchronize the historical effect and to achieved urbanity by complying the principle that related in order to fit the needs within appropriate context, culturally, economically and environmentally because people become more sophisticated in understanding their environment and more appreciating the city quality.

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6

Hypothesis

The proposal is to create program, shape, space, boundary, route, and others in order to feed the local and tourist to energize, refresh, rejuvenate, remix, the element or type of human so that the area become more healthier, lighter, liveable, happy, delighted, gleeful and etc. The focus of this project is to make the difference type or group of people to blend together

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework

Figure 5.0 First phases – focus on retail @ commercial.

Reprogram, update, upgrade, reprogram, reshuffle, replace, rebrand & etc the existing program in order to fit the needs & demand (Return of Investment) Proposing a brand new or continuous or timeless activity or program at the horizon or vertical grain so that user or the “human scale” balance through the end to end of the point of the boulevard or the site

Figure 6.0 Second phases – focus on street life @activity Create the relation between buildings and street by creating the connection between floor to floor, connecting block by block, connection block community & connection lines in one community

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 7.0 Third phases – focus on residential Rearrange the building block of residential to make more efficiency and make the resident or user fill blend with site contact.

Figure 8.0 Forth phased – focus on the public realm 7.2 Strategy To identify the group of user, behaviour, cultural, socioeconomically, education level, sentimental, existing household and other factors so that can create new intervention. The identification will used as justification in order to create a new point or small nodes to bring or attract the human to main point that is intervention as the new catalyse on the site. Based on the data collection and observation on the site the new point or nodes will be a retail commercial, street life activities, residential, and public realm.

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226 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 7.2.1 Retail @ Commercial Adaptive re-used what does existing at the site, focus on the most of the potential of the commercial or shop lot that need to preserve and conserve

Figure 10.0 Existing shop lots

Figure 9.0 Proposed intervention on commercial

7.2.2 Residential Proposing new typologies for the residential that suits the multi user targeted and program that will fill in Typology of residential building block:-

Figure 11.0 „Lâ€&#x; Shape building arrangement.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 12.0 Parallel pattern arrangements

Typology of residential unit type of house to suit the type group of people lowest, middle & upper class:-

Figure 13.0 Unit type - 45sq.m, 65sq.m, 70sq.m

Figure 14.0 Unit type - 80sq.m, 90sq.m, 100sq.m

Figure 15.0 Unit type - 110sq.m & 130sq.m

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Figure 16.0 Proposed intervention on residential 7.3 Hypothetical Programs

8

Conclusion

Based on present condition at the site French Quarters,Hoan Kiem District displays that many historical treasure that has been disturbed by renovating, refurbish demolish and what have left now is the Hanoi Opera House that most vibrant and iconic to the colonial historical that bring sentimental value to the local and the tourist. This also will attract or contribute to the socioeconomically of Hanoi, Vietnam. This will portraying that the heritage will be forgotten if there is no effort to preserve, conserve the historical value. New kind of intervention is needed to solve the urban issue but do not forget or abandoned the heritage part. The new proposal must collaborate with the heritage and relate to the context and solve the site issue. The intervention also can give benefit to the local & tourist (Return of Investment)

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

References [1] Wikipedia-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi (Accessed: 15 July 2016 [2] Tổng cục Thống kê (1989) http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12875 (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

[3] CANNIFFE, E. and profile, V. my complete (2015) ARCHITECTURE + URBANISM. Available at: http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.my/2011/02/rem-koolhaasdelirious-new-york.html (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

[4] http://simonxdeng.blogspot.my/?view=snapshot“Life in the Metropolis” or “The Culture of Congestion” - Rem Koolhaas (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

[5] http://5]http://www.hoteltravel.com.ph/vietnam/hanoi/guides/festivals.htm (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

[6] http://6]http://www.roomsbooking.com/upcoming-festivals-in-hanoivietnam-2015-calendar-of-events/ (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

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Nexus Biomimicry: Juxtaposition of Nodes M. F. H. Ghazali

Centre of Studies Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract Vietnam's capital races to make up for time lost to the ravages of war and a government that as recently as the 1990s kept the outside world at bay. Its streets surge with scooters vying for right of way amid the din of constantly blaring horns, and all around layers of history reveal periods of French and Chinese occupation – offering a glimpse into the resilience of ambitious, proud Hanoians. Hanoi is undergoing a rapid transformation. You can dine on the wild and wonderful at every corner, sample market wares, uncover an evolving arts scene, and then sleep soundly in a little luxury for very little cost. Meet the people, delve into the past and witness the awakening of a Hanoi on the move. Hanoi is the cultural capital of Vietnam and its heart and soul. A great place to explore on foot, there is a lot to see and do here. Vietnam's capital lies on the banks of the Red River, some 100 kilometres from its mouth. Human settlements here date back as far as the 3rd century BC [1]. To achieve the future Hanoi vision for Hanoi 2030, the theory of rhizome oasis injected in selected parcel to create the network between the nodes that can enhance the economy, social, health and culture at the parcel [3]. How to make the parcel more life and active? By injecting and improve the core programs at the parcel will enhance all the nodes inside the parcel and create the safe and comfortable circulation of path to the user.

Keywords: Vietnam, Hanoi, culture, history, streets, Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Lake, transformation, connection, arts, heart and soul, rhizome, oasis, network]

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

1

Introduction

Hanoi (hăn´oi, hənoi´), city (2015 est. pop. 7,588,800), capital of Vietnam, on the right bank of the Red River. It is the transportation hub of the country, with two airports and rail connections to Kunming, China, as well as to the main Chinese system centering on Beijing; it is also linked by rail with Haiphong and Ho Chi Minh City. Manufactures include machine tools, plywood, textiles, chemicals, matches, automobiles, tires, building materials, and handicrafts. The city is known for its European-style public squares and tree-lined boulevards. It is also a cultural centre; in the city are the National Univ. (formerly Hanoi Univ.), the National History Museum, the Revolution Museum, and several historic monuments, including the Temple of Literature, the Mot Cot Pagoda, and the Temple of the Trung Sisters [2].

Hanoi became (7th cent.) the seat of the Chinese rulers of Vietnam. Its Chinese name, Dong Kinh or Tong King, became Tonkin and was applied by Europeans to the entire region. Hanoi was occupied briefly by the French in 1873 and passed to them 10 years later. It became the capital of French Indochina after 1887 [1]. The French developed Hanoi industrially, centering railway repair shops and small processing industries there.

Occupied by the Japanese in 1940, Hanoi was liberated in 1945, when it became the seat of Vietnam's government. From 1946 to 1954, it was the scene of heavy fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces. After the French evacuated Hanoi in accordance with the Geneva Conference (July, 1954), the city became the capital of North Vietnam. Under the North Vietnamese it was greatly expanded industrially.

During the Vietnam War its transportation facilities were continually disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways, which were, however, immediately repaired.

The city remained remarkably intact despite heavy U.S. bombings, although widespread destruction occurred after the massive attacks of Dec [2]. 18–30, 1972, when many non-military targets, including the French embassy and large residential areas, were hit. Much of the civilian population had been evacuated and factories had been dismantled and reassembled in forested and rural areas. After the cease-fire, much of the machinery was returned and functioned again in ruined structures [2]. Hanoi was established as the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976.

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2

Site Setting

Figure 1 Hoan Kiem Lake Hoan Kiem is an urban district (quan) of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, named after the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake. The parcel place at Hang Kay - Le Thai To Street that near to the Hoan Kiem Lake that one of the main nodes at the Hanoi.

Hoan Kiem District is the downtown and commercial centre of Hanoi. Most of the largest Vietnamese public corporations and bank headquarters are located here, but the central government offices are located in Ba Ä?ĂŹnh District (sometimes called the French quarter) [2]. The Hanoi City Committee is located on Dinh Tien Hoang Street, adjacent to the Hoan Kiem Lake.

Besides, it is also placed near religious and trading areas. Many little temples surround the site, including Bach Ma, honoring a legendary horse and Dong Xuan market, best known for selling household goods and street food. Estimated about 7.7 million population in Hanoi where about 430,000 area located in Hoan Kiem District and 7% of 430,000 are in Hang Kay - Le Thai To Street [4].

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

Figure 2 (a) Site Plan of Hang Kay - Le Thai To Street, Hanoi, Vietnam

Figure 2 (b) Figure ground

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3

Potentials and Dilemmas

Studying the siteâ€&#x;s potential and dilemmas has led to highlighting the essence of performativity that has existed on site for years and those that has only been recently introduced on site. The opportunity and strength in performance spaces will be the basis for the formulation of ideas and concept in connecting the nodes at the parcel. Based on potential and dilemma at the site, these parcels have potential to improve as illustrated in Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(f).

3.1 Potential

Figure 3 (a) Existing nodes that has their own magnet attraction The existing nodes at this parcel Figure 3 (a) have their own identities that can generate the income and become the catalyst to the increasing of the economy at the parcel. By injecting and adding the new programme at the nodes will be the new source to the development at the parcel.

Figure 3 (b) Apprehend the water element and green area as a public realm

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

In this parcel, the Hoan Kiem Lake is the main public realm because it has enough space for local and tourist to do leisure activities while enjoying the lake view that have a Turtle Tower at the centre of the lake. By injecting the new program like stage and stall in this place, it will maximize the use of the public realm at the parcel.

Figure 3 (c) Embryonic commercial block for economic growth This parcel famous with leisure activities at the shop such as coffee hunting and handicraft trading and comfortable hotel in every edge of the nodes. By upgrading the selected existing and vacant commercial block, it will raise the growth of the economy at the parcel and provide the jobs for the local people.

3.2 Dilemmas

Figure 3 (d) No proper plan at rat hole for the user and no user safety along the pedestrian lane The dilemma this parcel, mostly of the trading area takes place along the pedestrian walkways. The pedestrian path in this parcel not effective and insecure because due to the presence of street vendor, hangout and parking of the motorcycle.

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The rat hole in this parcel mostly used by the local people and it became the main entrance to the residential. It not efficient because of the small, insecure and gloomy even at midday.

Figure 3 (e) Does not have proper network between the education building and less program Education is the one of the main supportive program at the parcel that makes the parcel liveable and always active. The dilemma at the education building is does not have a proper access from the education building to the library building at the parcel not safe for use by student because the path always pack with the density of transport and narrow.

Figure 3 (f) Gloomy residential communities inside the commercial block The high density of the residential at the centre of the commercial area in the parcel create gloomy feeling because it to pack of tube house that only received a minimum amount of day light and air flow. Besides that, the local community inside the residential block does not have sufficient green area or public space for their daily life private activities.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

4

Theory

Referencing the initial design theme, „less carbon, more footprints‟ I come out with some solution by create the connection between the nodes, so that the nodes at the parcel become easy to access and create the network between each other‟s [3].

The theory in this urban design is „Rhizome Oasis „that based on combination between the Rhizome and Oasis. Based on Deleuze and Guattari use the terms "rhizome" and "rhizomatic" to describe theory and research that allows for multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points in data representation and interpretation [6]. A rhizome works with planar and trans-species connections, while an arbores-cent model works with vertical and linear connections.

In this design context, rhizome defined as the connection of nodes that connected to each other by road, people, form and etc. This can enhance the programs at the nodes at the parcel. This theory function as give support from one node to other node, so if the economy at the node increase the other node will also increase.

Figure 4 (a) Type of Rhizome Connection The Oasis Theory (or Propinquity Theory) is a core concept in archaeology, referring to one of the main hypotheses about the origins of agriculture. The oasis theory argues that the reason people starting living in settlements was because during a dry spell, the only liveable place was near oases. The enforced clustering of humans, animals, and plants led to the domestication of all three, or so the theory goes [5].

To implement at the parcel, it‟s specify as a focal point and become the main node at the parcel.

Figure 4 (b) Type of Oasis Connection Rhizome Oasis is the centralize network of nodes that have one point become the main node. Based in this theory, it will create the connection based on the existing nodes in the parcel and the Hoan Kiem Lake will become the large nodes that represent the oasis at the parcel.

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Figure 4 (c) Combination of Rhizome Oasis Connection

5

Thesis Statement

In this parcel at Hoan Kiem District along Hang Khay District to Le Thai To District have lot of potential nodes that can become the catalyst to increase the economy at the parcel but the problem is, the nodes does not have the connection to each other and it difficult to access. The poor road at the parcel effect the journey for the local and tourist to walk through the pack traffic [3]. Besides, the education also play the main role at the parcel but it lack with the program that reflect the education it self.

Based on the theory by Edmund Horwood Bacon, by create the connection between the nodes it can improve the nodes it self that can direct effect the economy, education, culture and people at the parcel. To support the solution, by injecting the new programs at the main nodes it can be a catalyst to the parcel and can attract the people, at the same time it can generate the economy at the parcel.

6

Hypothesis

The area is in need of an urban catalyst that will revive what was once an area robust with business, religious, learning and cultural activities. The potential of the site lies within the education and cultural aspect that bocome as public realm at the site and more significantly the Hoan Kiem Lake that have history of business and urban legend as a main node at the site.

Based on the theory that related to the site, the Hoan Kiem needs a new ways of link that can connect the nodes and can bring benefits to the city towards archieving the Hanoi 2030 vision [1]. The key tool for this project is “network that juxtaposed the nodes” by using the guidelines given and their own knowlegde to reinvent the connection and reclaim the maximum potential of the local surrounding as highest it possibillity can go.

Creating new axis that can connect the nodes to each other based on the “Rhizome Oasis” theory to form a new intervention program of youth & culture towards educaton. Injecting new program likes space for public education, leisure activities, entertainment and culture purpose for youth, local community and tourist as a catalys to improve the parcel in achiving the Hanoi 2030 vision [1].

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

7

Design Intervention

7.1 Framework

Figure 5 (a) Phase 1 Phase 1 is the beginning of the development that can affect the other phase. This phase is the core program place that will be the main focus at this parcel. At this phase, it will focus on the improving and injecting the new program at the public space at the lake as a centre of the parcel such as retails for the hawker, waterfront stage for the seasonal festival, canopy for the user and etc.

Figure 5 (b) Phase 2

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Phase 2 focus on the potential vacant block and existing leasuire commercial that can generate more income at the parcel. The block choose based on the potential nodes around the parcel that can provide leisure activities to the local and foreigner at the node likes coffee cafe and handicaft shop.

Figure 5 (c) Phase 3 Phase 3 is the phase that only focuses on the education at the parcel. To enhance, improve and inject the new program at the library such as open exhibition area, open gallery, study space and etc. Besides that, provide safety for pedestrian walkways for the student to access the academic building is one of the priority at this phase.

Figure 5 (d) Phase 4

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

The final phase in this urban design is to provide the green area for the local residential and refurbish the rat hole circulation. This will create the great circulation between inside to the outside of the residential block. The last target is to relink the node between each other and centralise the node to the one main node (Hoan Kiem Lake), this will improve and enhance the flow of the journey and increase the parcel economy [3].

7.2 Strategy

Figure 6 (a) Start - up Scheme

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242 | Manifestations of the City : Hanoi 7.3 Hypothetical Programs

Figure 7 Start - up Scheme The main program in this urban design place at the Hoan Kiem Lake. The lake will be the centre of all programs that related at the parcel. The program that will be at the lake is the trading area, the simple retails will be provide to the hawker, so the trading activity have a proper place and not scattered. Other than that, the stage will be injected at the lake function as a seasonal festival activities will be used when come the festival time or other open event. After that, the space for the leisure activities, study space, petting area and etc for the local and foreigner used at the free time [2].

The other stage is focus on the education program by enhance, improve and injecting the new program at the library area to maximise the use of space such as an exhibition space for the art, photo and etc, the open gallery for the use of the education or event. Adding the open space or green space for the local residential to give them a semi-private space for use of daily life [3]. Other than that, to improve the rat hole so the circulation from outside to inside of the residential becomes more proper, safe and comfortable for the local used.

Manifestations of the City : Hanoi

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Conclusion

Hoan Kiem need the link between the program, this will enhance the all the program at the parcel. The connection between people and program at the parcel is the important element at the parcel that can increase the economy graph at the parcel. Besides that, at the parcel have a existing program that support the parcel from the beginning, by improving and amplify the existing program and new program at the nodes and link the nodes to each other that focus to the main nodes 'Hoan Kiem Lake' as a center of the node that function as control and equilibrate the program at the parcel.

Waterfront is an important element in the parcel as leisure purpose and also can be medium to generate money. By bring back the old seasoning festival that has been lost at the lake will enlighten and enhance the program at the lake of the parcel. The waterfront is the first and last place that the people encounter as they are using the public space to do the leisure activities. The public space at the lake will act as catalyst to further development of the heritage site and also the waterfront area. The culture activities and new waterfront development should be integrated to encourage people awareness. The development must open up erotic delight of public activities and program. The sparing perspective ought to be improving to create the living limit and build the prudent level of society.

The idea of redevelop the waterfront area is to improve the existing waterfront environment to fully utilize by the public and known for all around the world for its architecture, cultural and tradition elements. The existing nodes at the parcel will be developing to the maximum potential to enliven the site parallel to the waterfront area. Therefore, "People will feel juxtaposition of nodes of Hoan Kiem in their journey".

Figure 8 (a) The Parasite Kiosk for Hawkers along the Deck near the Festival Stage

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Figure 8 (b) Exploded Site Plan

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References [1] Planet, L. (2016) Hanoi.

Available at: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/hanoi (Accessed: 12 June 2016).

[2] Hanoi (2016) in Wikipedia.

Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi (Accessed: 2 July 2016).

[3] E. Jepson, "Sustainability and Planning: Diverse Concepts and Close Associations", Journal of Planning Literature, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 499-510, 2001.

[4] VietnamOnline (2015) Hanoi population 2014, 2015, 2016. Available at: https://www.vietnamonline.com/az/hanoi-population.html (Accessed: 10 July 2016).

[5] Hirst, K.K. (2016a) Oasis theory.

Available at: http://archaeology.about.com/od/oterms/g/oasis.htm (Accessed: 15 July 2016).

[6] Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. (1980) „A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophreniaâ€&#x;, Philosophy. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit.

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CONTRIBUTORS PHUONG 1 Syazwanie Mohd Sapian Muhammad Khairee Ahmad Latfi Wan Ahmad Taufiq Wan Abd Jalil PHUONG 2 Nur Shahareena Nazli Che Ku Abdul Salam Abd Whayab Fathin Syahira Ahmad Nazri Nik Marni Hanim Khidzir PHUONG 3 Ahmad Farhan Izhan Abd Wahab Mohd Arif Ihsan Azman Muhammad Shahfiq A. Rahim PHUONG 4 Mohd Aliff Sued Nurul Hanis Mustafa Kamal Rabiatul Adawiyah Ahmad Kamal PHUONG 5 Fatin Filzah Zulkipli Nur Muhammad Kamil Mohd Izhari PHUONG 6 Izzatunnaazirah Mohsin Mohamad Faizul Aziz Muhammad Faris Hadi Ghazali

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