The Adventures of Eugene

-The adventures of-

EUGENE THE WORLD’S CUTEST UNAYSAURUS WRITTEN BY HEIDI PENG

GENERAL INFORMATION: Binding Method: Pamphlet Stitch Papers: Epson Premium Presentation Paper Matte, 44 lb Accent Opaque Thick Cardstock Paper, 80 lb Thread: Waxed Linen Thread, Black Software: Adobe InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop Miscellaneous Supplies: Rubber Cement Excel Needle Point Awl Outus Sewing Needles X-Acto Knife, Z-series Scotch Laminating Pouches View the bookbinding process at tinyurl.com/Behind-the-Bind

Dëdïçåtïøñ:

This process book is dedicated to my family and SOAD-S250 friends.

Thanks for helping me become a better designer and student. I hope you enjoy looking at my process work for designing a dinosaur symbolform.

TABLE of CONTENTS

3

Eugene’s Story

4

The Evil Zoo vs the Knight

6

The Magic Symbol Set

8

The Quest for the Symbol Set

10

The World’s Cutest Dinosaur

12

The Journey of 100 drafts

14

The Final Form

16

The Ultimate Challenge

18

A Works Cited

20

4

EUGENE’S STORY

T

he Unaysaurus was first discovered in Brazil, which is located in South America. Its fossils were found in the State of Rio Grande Do Sul, very close to Uruguay.

Just this year, the Unaysaurus was added onto a Top 10 Cutest Dinosaurs ranking! Because of this, the Washington National Zoo has decided to unveil a new

Unaysaurus exhibit to show off the adorable dinosaur.

This book is meant as a guide to the integration process of Eugene’s symbolform into the zoo’s pre-established symbol set.

Join Eugene in his journey to reveal the final symbol as he learns about the history of zoos, symbol sets, and himself.

EUGENE’S WELCOME Hi! My name is Eugene, and I’m a Unaysaurus. Say it with me: Oo-nay-sore-us.

I’m from the Triassic period, and I’m an herbivore; that makes me a prosauropod! I’m also over 200 million years old, but age is just a number.

You’ll hear from me and learn more about me later in the book, so stay tuned!

5

ASSEMBLE A FOSSIL

CAUDAL VERTEBRA

PHALANX

R

MU

MU

SKULL

IA

TIBIA

FE

R

CARPAL

RIBS

TIB

BRAZIL

HUMERUS

FE

Use the stickers to make Eugene’s skeleton

PHALANX

SAL DORTEBRA VER

HU

ME

ULN

RU

S

A

CERVICAL VERTEBRA

ILI

UM

STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL

ASSEMBLE HERE! WHY IS INTEGRATION IMPORTANT? Today, zoos serve as a way to introduce populations to a multitude of different animals and species that they wouldn’t be able to meet otherwise. Without the biodiversity that many zoos promote through their conservation efforts, some would never be able to meet animals like a lion or giraffe, especially in the U.S. --------“Dinosaurs like Eugene the Unaysaurus are an important educational tool, and with Eugene being named as one of the cutest dinosaurs, he’s a perfect vehicle for younger generations to get excited about dinosaurs!”

- Steve Monfort, Washington National Zoo Director

6

THE EVIL ZOO v

I

n the past, zoos were not a safe place for animals. They were often abused and conditions were very poor. For thousands of years even, animals, especially exotic ones, have been collected and kept in captivity, for wealthy people saw them as a symbol of power and status.

Moreover, with the existence of traveling menageries, animals were treated as objects.

In “established” zoos since the 17th century, conditions were not much better. Animals were often malnourished and kept in cages, rather than large enclosures.

Up until the late 1800s, animals were seen as tools of entertainment rather than sources of education and wonder. Humane ways to exhibit animals were also not adopted until the 1900s.

IS IT TRUE?

See how many of these true or false questions you get right 1. T of F - Traveling Menageries and Roadside Zoos still exist today 2. T of F - The first “modern zoo” was established in 1826 3. T of F - The main reason the wealthy collected animals was because they loved them 4. T of F - Many zoos lacked the proper knowledge of animal biology and diet to keep animals alive for long 5. T of F - Large enclosures are bad for animals in captivity because they are harder to keep clean 6. T of F - The Washington National Zoo has Pandas

A DARK PAST: These are images from a zoo from the late 1800s and a Traveling Menagerie elephant with its trainer.

This was a cruel time and place for exotic animals.

1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T

7

s THE KNIGHT

I

t wasn’t until the creation of the Washington National Zoo that things started to get better for animals in captivity.

William Temple Hornaday first had the dream to create the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute when he couldn’t find any herds American Bison. After a few years, the zoo finally opened in 1891.

A NEW STANDARD: Unlike previous zoos, the Washington National Zoo prides self in conservation, revitalization, and care for animals.

Pictured above are early animal interactions during the beginning years of the zoo’s existence.

The zoo ushered in a new era of animal ethics and research.

Animals were no longer treated as spectacles; instead, they were treated with respect and care, with the zoo focusing on science and conservation. The institute also now cares for over 2,700 animals.

They also encourage biodiversity by reintroduction efforts and sustainable materials.

Can you imagine those terrible and scary conditions?

I don’t know what I’d do if I wasn’t allowed to roam a bit, especially when I grew up in such a large space. I’m thankful we have laws to protect animals in captivity that ensure our care and safety. You can also help by going to nationalzoo.si.edu/ support/donate!

8

THE MAGIC SYMBOL SET WHAT’S WHAT?

EMBLEM LOGO

ABSTRACT MARK MASCOT LOGO

PICTORIAL MARK

COMBINATION MARK

WORDMARK

LETTERMARK

S

symbol set also typically follow a singular style palette and contain similar styles in order to keep symbols cohesive.

They help to give the organization a strong and cohesive message; therefore, these sets can serve as a powerful communication system.

AIGA, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, was commissioned in 1974 by the U.S. Department of Transportation to create a symbol set (or symbol signs) for public use; their schema was passenger and pedestrian symbols. The set now has 50 individual symbols.

These symbols are often simplified and organized mentally by schemas—winter, library, food, religion, etc. The symbols within a

As you’ll see on the next spread, the smallest design aspects can help to unify a set or differentiate a symbol.

ymbol sets are essentially collections of symbols that fall into a similar theme. They are incredibly important when creating an identity system for a company, organization or even zoo.

9

SYMBOL OR ICON?

Draw a symbol for each prompt then lift each flap to AIGA’s version!

SYMBOL: Learned representations and culturally associated objects. These can include flags and company logos.

ICON: Graphic, literal imitations of an object being represented. These are minimal.

RESTAURANT

COMPLETE THE ICON

Using what you know about icons, try and fill in what’s missing BAGGAGE CLAIM

1. PLAY/PAUSE

2. PRINTER

ESCALATOR

3. CAMERA

4. WIFI

NURSERY 6. LIGHTBULB 4.

1.

5. LOCK 6.

5.

2.

3.

10

THE QUEST for the

SYMBOL SET nce upon a time, American Graphic Designer Lance Wyman was asked to create a cohesive new symbol set system to help not only attract visitors but also serve as a wayfinding tool throughout the zoo.

O

rectional aids for each of the exhibits. Ultimately, this new symbol set system helped to unify the entire park more than ever before. The minimal forms were easy for visitors of all ages (and heights) to recognize.

After two years of hard work, the symbol set was ultimately finished in 1975 with over 30 different animals represented. The animals were also grouped into six different categories with separate colors and “foot paths,” which can be seen in “PAW PATHS.”

What made the symbol set so effective was its simplicity and clarity. It never took one long to know the animal.

Physical totems were also erected throughout the zoo to serve as landmarks and di-

BREAKING IT DOWN

PLACEMENT

Small design aspects, including eye shape, size, detail and spacing, created an incredibly impactful system for the zoo. These iconic symbols have also been used on a myriad of platforms: websites, merchandise, and more.

NEGATIVE SPACE

Using the blue lines as a grid system, the animal is shown to be equidistant from each edge. All symbol forms are also facing toward the left edge.

The use of negative space allows for the minimal amount of detail needed to create a highly effective and recognizable symbol.

CURVES

The animal enters the box in a way that implies continuity of a form. One can imagine the entire animal.

The lack of sharp edges in the design allows the design to be read as smooth and simple.

ENTRY POINT

11

WHAT DOES EUGENE SAY? The most important aspect of any symbol set is continuity. No symbol should stand out too much from the rest, and new patterns should pull from ones that already exist in the set—my Unaysaurus stripes are sampled off the zebra’s.

MAKE A SYMBOL

Draw a symbol for any animal

PAW PATHS: Some animals’, like the lion’s and zebra’s, hoof or paw prints are used to guide visitors to exhibits

WAYFINDING The symbol set serves as a powerful navigational tool for the zoo. Using simplistic and highly illustrative icons, visitors are able to instantly recognize the animal they are looking at. This creates an ease of wayfinding and allows for a cohesive identity system.

12

THE WOLRD’S CUTEST DINO! MAKE YOUR OWN DINO

Draw what you think a Unaysaurus would look like

SPIKES STRIPES BIPEDAL EUGENE’S FAVORITE

UNAYSAURUS: These are accepted artist renditions of what the Unaysaurus probably looked like based off of fossils.

13

WHO IS EUGENE? NAME

Unaysaurus

PRONUNCIATION OO-nay-sore-us

CLASSIFICATIONS

• Chordata | Reptilia • Dinosauria | Sauropodomorpha • Plateosauria | Plateosauridae

SPECIES

U. tolentinoi

DIET

Herbivore

SIZE

2 feet tall | 8 feet long

WEIGHT

200 pounds

KNOWN LOCATIONS South America—Brazil

TIME PERIOD

Late Carnian Early Norian of the Triassic

FAMOUS RELATIVES Plateosaurus

NOTABLE FEATURES • Small size • Bipedal posture

FOSSILS

Nearly complete skull Partial skeleton

FUN FACTS

• Is considered one of the Top 10 cutest dinosaurs • First confirmed sauropodomorph dinosaur from Brazil • Name means Black water lizard • One of the most complete dinosaur fossils found • Only one specimen has been found • Existed from 228 million years ago to 208.5 million years ago • Was found in 1998 but remained unnamed until 2004

16

THE

FINAL FORM

A

fter some intense work and weekly critiques, the final symbolform was ready to be revealed and produced.

Thanks to the tireless efforts of the designers and Eugene, the symbol was complete and able to be implemented in the system.

GOOD EYE SHAPE ABSTRACTED SNOUT AND JAWLINE

SIMPLIFIED AND CONSISTENT SPIKES GOOD SPACE FROM EDGE

PARALLEL AND EQUIDISTANT STRIPES SIX TAKEAWAYS 1. MARRIAGE OF CURVED AND STRAIGHT LINES 2. USE OF PREEXISTING PATTERNS 3. MINDFULNESS OF SPACING THROUGHOUT SYMBOLFORM

4. KEEPING LINES SMOOTH AND CONTINUOUS 5. NEVER FORGET THE SYMBOL SET AND SCALABILITY 6. MINIMALISM IS KEY

17

5 SECOND FLIP

Flip to see the main iterations Initial draft

Revised comp

Final refined comp

Refined comp

I’m so happy with my final symbolform! It looks just like me, and it’s almost even cuter :) The best part is that I really blend in with the typical zoo animals.

But I’m still the cutest one!

18

ULTIMATE CHALLENGE

THE

F

or the final test of the symbolform, it had to be put alongside the preexisting symbols of the national zoo.

Since a dinosaur isn’t like any other animal you’d see at the zoo, it was especially difficult to ensure it didn’t stand out too much from the crowd. The symbol had to fit in.

However, after showing the form to multiple people, the Unaysaurus symbol no longer stood out compared to the others. The symbol could indeed integrate smoothly with the others.

Through this test, the symbolform could be regarded as a successful symbol within the set.

SCALABILITY A good measurement for any symbol is its scalability—how well can it read at different sizes. It has to be versatile enough to be recognized at as big as 30x30 feet or as small as 3x3 inches.*

*Another aspect with scalability is material/format. Having a symbol or icon on a small sticker has a drastically different impact compared to an icon on a building or poster. You must pay close attention to this.

19

SPOT EUGENE

See how long it takes you to find him

There’s a lot of work that goes into making a successful symbol form, especially when there’s already such a solid symbol set in place. I’m thankful the designer spent so much time and effort into making my symbol! I hope when my exhibit opens, you all come to see it!

20

A WORKS CITED

21

AIGA. “Symbol Signs.” AIGA, www.aiga.org/symbol-signs.

Butler, Andy. “National Zoo Exhibit Icons & Wayfinding.”

Lance Wyman, www.lancewyman.com/projects?id=141.

Chheda, Purvi. “They Are Everywhere - Icons & Symbols.”

Medium, Design Nation, 8 Feb. 2017, design-nation.icons8.com/theyare-everywhere-icons-symbols 3764140ad622.

Cisiopurple. “Unaysaurus.” DeviantArt, 27 July 2016, www.deviantart. com/cisiopurple/art/Unaysaurus-624354783.

“History.” Smithsonian’s National Zoo, 23 Oct. 2019, nationalzoo.si.edu/ about/history.

Morr, Kelly. “Do You Know the 7 Different Types of Logos?” 99designs, 99designs, 30 Aug. 2019, 99designs.com/blog/tips/types-of-logos/.

Pepper, Darren. “Unaysaurus.” Prehistoric Wildlife, www.prehistoric-wild life.com/species/u/unaysaurus.html.

Phillips, Keri. “The Ethical Evolution of Zoos.” ABC Radio National, Austra lian Broadcasting Corporation, 21 Oct. 2015, www.abc.net. au/radio national/programs/rearvision/the-ethical-his tory-of-zoos/6869776.

Resource, Rare. “Unaysaurus Dinosaurs.” Rare Resources, 1 Jan. 1970, rareresources.blogspot.com/2010/11/unaysau rus-dinosaurs.html.

Smith, Dave. “Dinosauria: Morphology.” Morphology of the Dinosauria, 2005, ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/dinomm.html.

Strauss, Bob. “These Dinosaurs Were Cuter Than a Barrel of Kittens.” ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, 22 Oct. 2019, www. thoughtco.com/cutest-dinosaurs-1092440.

“Symbol Sets.” Widgit, www.widgit.com/symbols/symbol_sets.htm.

“Unaysaurus.” Unaysaurus Pictures & Facts - The Dinosaur Data base, dinosaurpictures.org/Unaysaurus-pictures.

University of Sheffield. “History of Menageries.” History of Menageries - Proj ects - National Fairground and Circus Archive - The University of Sheffield, 30 Apr. 2015, www.sheffield.ac.uk/nfca/projects/menagerieshistory.

GET READY TO LAUGH, LEARN, AND CREATE!

Hi guys!

I’m eugene the unaysaurus.

I hope you guys like the book as much as we enjoyed making it!

Heidi Peng is a Psychology and Graphic Design major at IU. She has written over six children’s books since middle school. She puts great effort toward making information more fun and interesting for audiences. If you would like to learn more about her work, go to heidipengdesign.com.

FALL 2019

ISBN: 259-4-70591-638-0 heidipengdesign.com