Nongqai Vol 10 No 7 by Hennie Heymans, Nongqai Publications

NONGQAI : VOLUME 10 NO 7 Table of Contents WELCOME | WELKOM ................................................................................................................... 8 Redaksioneel: Brig. Fanie Bouwer (Wes-Kaap) ........................................................................ 8 •

Kan die erge Misdaad werklik voorkom, en die Samelewing van SA hervorm word? ......... 8

ELEKTRONIESE BEDIENING: KOOT SWANEPOEL .................................................................... 9 Na waters waar rus is ... .......................................................................................................... 10 FRONT COVER | VOORBLAD ..................................................................................................... 11 General Magnus Andre De Merindol Malan: Lt. Col. William Marshall .................................... 11 Operation “K” ............................................................................................................................... 14 “Contact!”: Jim Hooper ............................................................................................................ 14 Other Police History items | Ander polisie-geskiedenis items................................................. 22 Top opleidingseenheid nou weiveld vir beeste: Middelburg Observer ..................................... 22 Nongqai 1907 – 1961: Once again revived! ............................................................................ 24 A Brief History of the Badge of the South African Police: Mark Naude (NZ)............................ 25 Taktiese Ondervraging van Verdagtes: Brig. Fanie Bouwer .................................................... 31 1974: We met the Vadoma of Rhodesia .................................................................................. 31 •

The Vadoma of Zimbabwe ................................................................................................ 32 2

•

Language .......................................................................................................................... 32

•

History............................................................................................................................... 32

•

Ectrodactyly ...................................................................................................................... 32

•

References ....................................................................................................................... 32

Vadoma people with ectrodactyly: Maj CJ Joubert .................................................................. 33 1960: Die jonge konstabel CJ Joubert (Khaki-uniform) ........................................................... 35 Kaptein CJ Joubert (Veiligheidshoofkantoor) se klagte oor die “slap chips” ............................ 36 Lieutenant QS Fourie (Khaki-uniform) ..................................................................................... 37 1910 (circa): Heidelberg Police Barracks: Transvaal ............................................................... 38 1927: Heidelberg (Transvaal) .................................................................................................. 38 SAP Alexandra Rd | SAP Alexandraweg: Pietermaritzburg ..................................................... 39 1964: SAP-kollege 55-jaar gelede: HBH ................................................................................. 41 •

SAS: Plekbespreking Durban na Pretoria, 2de klas, 12 Januarie 1964. ........................... 41

•

Wenke aan Applikante: Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie ............................................................... 42

•

Op pad na die SAP-kollege ............................................................................................... 43

•

13 Januarie 1964 .............................................................................................................. 43

•

SAP 228: Bedkaart ........................................................................................................... 46

•

4 Julie 1964: Aangestel as konstabel................................................................................ 47

•

43607 ................................................................................................................................ 47

Afsterwe: Paul Eilers (Troep 7 (Berede) 1964) ........................................................................ 48 Moord op o/sers. Henry Ayling (SAC): Ganskuil: Kol Gawie Richter ....................................... 49 My Swak Geheue van 47-jaar Gelede: Brig Fanie Bouwer ..................................................... 52 Eugene de Kock se Kunsuitstalling: Anemari Jansen ............................................................. 53 1890’s Bobbies in Durban | Voorstelling van Bobbies in Londen 150 jaar gelede ................... 58 1899: Dutch Volunteer Police: Pretoria: Zetef du Plessis ........................................................ 58 Brig LK Knox: Eastern Cape: RSM CS Brown (E Cape) ......................................................... 59 2006: Mr. Adriaan Vlok: The Truth Has Set Him Free! ............................................................ 61 •

This is Mr. Adriaan Vlok’s remarkable and true story ........................................................ 61

•

Amnesty ............................................................................................................................ 61

•

28th of July 1994: Mr Vlok’s personal tragedy ................................................................... 62

•

Rev Frank Chikane ........................................................................................................... 62

•

The (Nine) Mothers of Mamelodi....................................................................................... 62

•

RSG: 31st July 2006 .......................................................................................................... 62

•

Rev Frank Chikane ........................................................................................................... 63 3

•

Comments by Author ........................................................................................................ 64

SA RAILWAYS POLICE | SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE ................................................................... 65 Altyd op diens ... ...................................................................................................................... 65 1975: SA Spoorwegpolisie in Suidwes ontvang Toekennings: Me Yolanda Meyer ................. 66 1978 Bospadda: Veelsydige Pantserwa .................................................................................. 67 1981 – 1982: South African Railways Police Force: General Manager Report: Ms Yolanda Meyer ...................................................................................................................................... 69 1975 - 1985: South African Railways Police: Special Task Force: Paratus: Ms Y Meyer ........ 71 2019: Waar is die SA Spoorwegpolisie? Hannetjie Terblanche Schoeman............................. 73 MILITARY HISTORY | KRYGSGESKIEDENIS ............................................................................. 76 Gen JC Smuts ......................................................................................................................... 76 W. Minott and Sons: Capt A van Ellinckhuyzen (SAPS) .......................................................... 76 South Africa and 75th Anniversary of D-Day: Dr Rodney Warwick .......................................... 79 Samil 20: Kol. William Marshall ............................................................................................... 88 SAW: Groep 34: Welkom: Kapt. En mev. C Rademan ............................................................ 89 No 81881885BG L/Corp André Dan Mostert - A man who was taken away too soon: Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen (SAPS Vryheid KZN) ....................................................................... 89 Missing at Sea: Lt. Michiel Johan Wichardt Brummer: SAAF & RAF: Capt A van Ellinckhuyzen (Vryheid KZN) .......................................................................................................................... 93 POLICE & THE PRESS | POLISIE EN DIE PERS ........................................................................ 97 Another white South African farmer who spoke out about land grabs is shot dead as he eats dinner at home with his family just weeks after fellow landowner was beaten to death ........... 97 Zakhele Mbhele writes on what Minister Bheki Cele should do in his first 100 days ............... 99 Govt has lost its ability to protect the public – Pieter Groenewald ......................................... 101 Alexandra police force is far too small, inquiry hears ............................................................ 102 Fokus van die week: Misdaad: Staat het sy vermoë verloor om publiek te beskerm ............. 103 Mangaung: Waterkrisis, maar geld gemors op metro-polisiehoof sonder metro-polisiediens 104 Reservists: SAPS comply with court order ............................................................................ 104 We do not have another ten years to tackle crime, we need action now ............................... 105 Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch ............................................... 107 Waving a red herring in front of a judicial bull ........................................................................ 107 Rodrigues still has an opportunity for full disclosure - Mohamed Timol ................................. 109 Joao Rodrigues to stand trial for Ahmed Timol Murder ......................................................... 111 4

Nokuthula Simelane: Presumption of Death Application ....................................................... 111 Steve Biko Foundation Welcomes South Gauteng High Court Ruling on the Ahmed Timol Murder Case.......................................................................................................................... 111 Court Tells NPA To Stop Playing Victim and do its Job of Punishing Apartheid Crimes ....... 111 Rodrigues Appeals Ruling ..................................................................................................... 112 Jan Rodrigues to appeal stay application judgment - Lawyer................................................ 112 Commission needed to investigate suppression of TRC cases - Families ............................ 114 Rodrigues in Court and Cradock Four ................................................................................... 117 Rodrigues Court Delay and Legal Costs ............................................................................... 117 FOREIGN PRESS AND SA CRIME | BUITELANDSE MEDIA EN SA MISDAAD ...................... 118 Female doctor bites off 'sex attacker's' TONGUE as he 'tries to rape her while she slept in South African hospital staff quarters' ..................................................................................... 118 South African farmer's wife, 45, relives the horrific moment a gunman raped her in front of her children after shooting his way into their home, molesting her daughter and forcing her into sex by threatening to kill her son ........................................................................................... 119 MILITARY AND THE MEDIA | MILITÊR EN DIE MEDIA ............................................................ 126 Muslim SANDF major's hearing over refusal to remove headscarf set for August ................ 126 “WE WILL REMEMBER THEM”: CAPT. CHARLES ROSS (SAN – RTD.) ............................... 127 South Africans Commonwealth War Casualties Buried Across the World – Part Seventeen by Captain (SAN) Charles Ross (SA Navy Retired) ................................................................... 127 •

Duhallow Advanced Dressing Station Cemetery: Belgium .............................................. 127

•

Erquelinnes Communal Cemetery: Belgium ................................................................... 128

•

Godezonne Farm Cemetery: Belgium............................................................................. 128

•

Grootebeek British Cemetery .......................................................................................... 129

•

Gwalia Cemetery: Denmark ............................................................................................ 129

For your tomorrow, we gave our today! ................................................................................. 130 ANGLO BOER WAR | ANGLO BOERE-OORLOG .................................................................... 131 Prelude to main speech (Two Little Boys) by John Elsegood on 2 June 2019: Annual AngloBoer Ceremony, Kings Park, Perth, WA (2/6/2019) .............................................................. 131 Two Little Boys ...................................................................................................................... 131 •

Anthony Alexander Forrest ............................................................................................. 131

•

Japie Greyling ................................................................................................................. 132

THE OBSERVATION POST: PETER DICKENS ......................................................................... 135 Jan Smuts, Winston Churchill and D-Day.............................................................................. 135 RSA INTELLIGENCE | SA INLIGTING ....................................................................................... 140 Arthur Fraser issues summons against Jacques Pauw, NB Publishers for R35m ................. 140 NATIONAL STRATEGY | NASIONALE STRATEGIE ................................................................ 141 I continue to worry about the future of SA - FW de Klerk....................................................... 141 People's War, fake news, and the dogs that failed to bark .................................................... 144 ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE | REGSPLEGING ................................................................... 146 Shamila Batohi's briefing on the NPA, Investigating Directorate ........................................... 146 1910 (circa) Resident Magistrate’s Office: Heidelberg, Transvaal ......................................... 151 Hermione Cronje's NPA briefing ............................................................................................ 151 3 Boeremag members in prison for treason want to be released .......................................... 154 POLICE: INTERNATIONAL ........................................................................................................ 155 Angola ......................................................................................................................................... 156 The Brazilian secret mission in the Angolan War: Gisele Lobato .......................................... 156 France ......................................................................................................................................... 158 Going, going, gun! Rusty revolver Vincent Van Gogh used to kill himself sells for £144,500 at Paris auction.......................................................................................................................... 158 DEFENCE INTERNATIONAL...................................................................................................... 163 Mascots....................................................................................................................................... 163 They also served: Cats, rabbits and even the bear that inspired Winnie The Pooh appear in remarkable photos of the 16million animals caught up in World War One ............................ 163 India ............................................................................................................................................ 172 Now that's downward dog! Army officers and their trusty hounds perform amazing synchronised yoga display in India ........................................................................................ 172

USA ............................................................................................................................................. 172 The heroes who braved the Luftwaffe to save the free world: Incredible colourised footage shows fearless US Air Force crews carrying out daylight bombing raids across Germany during WWII........................................................................................................................... 172 INTELLIGENCE: INTERNATIONAL ........................................................................................... 173 Codename GARBO: How an eccentric double agent who won medals from the Allies AND Nazis fooled Hitler on D-Day and convinced the Germans attacks at Normandy were a diversion, only to fake his death and turn up 40-years later in Venezuela ............................. 173 INOVERENDE DENKE EN NUWE TEGNOLOGIE VIR DIE POLISIE ........................................ 185 Hommeltuie se snelontwikkeling, en aanwending as hulpmiddel vir die polisie..................... 185 FORT EDWARD: POLICE MEMORIAL | POLISIEGEDENKTEKEN .......................................... 190 Const CW Eagle: | Konst. CW Eagle: Rooihuid van Kanada: Lid van ons polisie ................. 190 Fort Edward: Letter from Charles Leach (Louis Trichardt)..................................................... 191 LETTERS | BRIEWE ................................................................................................................... 192 The Honey Badger as Logo: Jim Hooper .............................................................................. 192 Natal Mounted Police & Natal Police: Memorial Tablets: Pietermaritzburg, Isandlwana, Impanza and Greytown: HBH ................................................................................................ 193 •

Dr Rodney Warwick ........................................................................................................ 194

•

Lucas Holtzhausen ......................................................................................................... 195

•

Lucas Holtzhausen ......................................................................................................... 195

•

Lucas Holtzhausen ......................................................................................................... 195

My Grandfather's Police Service History: D Nicklin ............................................................... 196 Terugvoer: AO Gadd ............................................................................................................. 196 Spesiale Nongqai-uitgawe oor SAP-brigade ......................................................................... 196 Spend time with your family, your husband, or wife and children. These are precious moments. Learn how to live today. Yesterday has gone; tomorrow is only in hope that is why today is called a gift. Unwrap it wisely. .................................................................................. 197 INDEMNITY & © | VRYWARING & ©.......................................................................................... 197 End | Slot ............................................................................................................................... 197

WELCOME | WELKOM Ons is bevoorreg en opgewonde om deel van Suid-Afrika en die SA Polisiemag en ons ander veiligheidsmagte se geskiedenis te kon wees! Wat ‘n voorreg om saam met ander makkers uitverkore te kon wees om lede van die veiligheidsmagte en inligtingsdienste te kon wees! Dis mos ‘n roeping om polisieman, soldaat of spioen vir jou land te kon wees. Geld maak nie saak nie. Moed, trou, deursettingsvermoë, lojaliteit was ons wesenskenmerke. Ons was aan God en die Land getrou! Dankie dat u, u deel, al was dit hoe klein, getrou uitgevoer het om die wiele van geregtigheid aan die rol te kon hou! U sal sien die maand plaas ek ‘n onderhoud wat ek gedurende 2006 met mnr. Adriaan Vlok gehad het. Ek het die artikel “herontdek” in my argief. Dit sal toepaslik wees om die berig te publiseer juis met die veldtog teen die lede van die ou veiligheidspolisie wat tans aan die gang is. Ek het die onderhoud destyds vir Servamus gedoen. Ek kan nie meer onthou of dit wel gepubliseer was nie.

Redaksioneel: Brig. Fanie Bouwer (Wes-Kaap) • Kan die erge Misdaad werklik voorkom, en die Samelewing van SA, hervorm word? Ek wil vandag so in die algemeen skryf oor die erge misdaad wat SA beleef; die psige van die samelewing en die moontlike oorsake daarvan. Sonder die polisie sou daar waarskynlik anargie wees, word gesê. Dit is egter ’n algemeen erkende feit dat misdaadvlakke in die gemeenskap bepaal word deur maatskaplike toestande wat buite die beheer van die polisie, sowel as buite die beheer van die strafregstelsel in sy geheel is. Maar is ons wêreld veilig, selfs al is die polisie daar? Nee. Die feite soos hier en elders gerapporteer staaf dit. Vandag is daar in die meeste stede, soos op baie plattelandse gebiede, ’n gevoel dat die veiligheidsituasie ’n krisispunt bereik het. Kan ons op die polisie vertrou om ons teen georganiseerde misdaad en geweldenaars te beskerm? Kan ons van die polisie verwag om ons strate veilig te maak? Sal hulle die stryd teen misdaad wen? Konsentreer die polisie nie net maar op 3 dinge nie, nl.: om die strate te patrolleer, op noodoproepe te reageer en misdade te ondersoek – maar nie regtig om misdaad te voorkom nie? Die statistieke waarmee die polisie rondspeel, in die sin dat hulle daarmee hulself probeer oortuig dat hulle impak maak op misdaad, is na my mening blote ‘n klug. Hulle bluf hulle self. Is die polisie dalk maar net ‘n pleister op die kanker nie? Dit lyk nie of misdadigers die ekstra patrollies wat wel bekostig kan word, opmerk of hulle daaraan steur nie. Die vinnige optrede van die polisie hier en daar skrik misdadigers ook nie juis af nie, lyk dit my. Misdadigers weet blykbaar dat die polisie selde vinnig optree. Hulle is duidelik ook nie meer bang vir die polisie, in die sin dat hulle glo hulle sal nie gevang of vervolg word nie, want professionele misdaadondersoeke word, behalwe hier en daar, nie meer soos van ouds met ywer en behoorlike toesig oral uitgevoer nie. Ook dít is 'n gegewe. Maar goeie misdaadondersoeke, waar dit wel voorkom, help ook nie eintlik meer nie. Selfs al word misdadigers gevonnis en opgesluit, voorkom dit blykbaar nie misdaad nie. Dalk moet mens ook vra - en dit is 'n kernvraag - wat het oor die laaste dekades met die psige van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, wat veronderstel was om 'n wonderlike, vreedsame 8

reënboognasie te wees, verkeerd geloop, wat intussen gemanifesteer het in die buitengewone geweld wat ons ervaar? Hierdie is enkele faktore waaraan ek nou dink: - Die bevolking het sedert 1994 vanaf so 43 miljoen na 57 miljoen (32%) mense vermeerder - Die SAPS se getalsterkte het egter in die selfde tyd met 'n groter persentasie as bogenoemde persentasie vermeerder - Werkloosheid staan op ongekende vlakke, met miljoene werkloses (Na my mening lê die volle blaam by die regerende party) - Menseregte (hierdie is 'n uiters belangrike faktor) was - nog steeds - met ongekende ywer van stapel gestuur in hierdie Afrikaland deur die Menseregtekommissie; die howe; in die onderwys; die polisie; ander staatsdepartemente - letterlik oral in die samelewing. Menseregte het, as ek dit so kan stel, 'n alles-oorheersende faktor in SA geword. Die goeie mense in SA het maar min daarby gebaat. Die slegtes wel, want húlle menseregte moet respekteer word en met 'sagte handjies' behandel word. Soveel so, dat die tientalle moorde per dag op die burgers van die land; die stygende aanvalle en moorde op ons boere; die gewelddadige aanvalle en gewapende rowe op ons mense in hulle stedelike huise; bendegeweld, voertuigkapings; aanvalle op vragmotors op ons nasionale paaie, ens. maar min aandag deur die MRK, menseregte-aktiviste en ander stiksienigges hieromtrent kry. Inderdaad die kluts kwyt geraak, wil ek amper sê. 'n Verdere gevolg van die menseregtekultuur, is die uiters swak dissipline en boeliegedrag in skole wie toekomstige leiers en bestuurders van die samelewing moet vorm. Meeste van die ongedissiplinerde bloedjies se kwaad begin egter by die huis al. Ek glo die kaperjolle van polisielede waaroor julle hier elke dag lees, ook juis ‘n manifestasie van dit wat in die (onderskeie) gemeenskappe aangaan in die totaal oordrewe 'menseregte-kultuur' wat gevestig wil word, maar die teenoorgestelde in mense uitbring. Hoe ironies is dit? Die polisie is juis dáárom ook veral hulpeloos om onrus in al sy fasette behoorlik te kan hanteer. Die 'waghonde van menseregte' by die MRK; die enersdenkendes in die media én sekere politici skree gewoonlik blou moord skree sou die polisie durf waag om die gewelddadige, kriminele belhamels bietjie van hulle eie medisyne toe te dien. Wat is die oplossing? Ek weet rérig nie. Wat sê mens vir 'n pasiënt met terminale kanker? Of moet ons glo wat Jannie Smuts destyds gesê het, nl. "Die ergste gebeur gewoonlik nié in SA nie". As ons dít wil glo, dan is daar seker hoop. •

Ons hoor graag van u

ELEKTRONIESE BEDIENING: KOOT SWANEPOEL

Goedheid en guns volg jou. Psalm 23:1 ‘n Psalm van Dawid. Die HERE is my herder; niks sal my ontbreek nie. Ps. 23:2 Hy laat my neerlê in groen weivelde; na waters waar rus is, lei Hy my heen. Ps. 23:3 Hy verkwik my siel; Hy lei my in die spore van geregtigheid, om sy Naam ontwil. Ps. 23:4 Al gaan ek ook in ‘n dal van doodskaduwee, ek sal geen onheil vrees nie; want U is met my: u stok en u staf dié vertroos my. Ps. 23:5 U berei die tafel voor my aangesig teenoor my teëstanders; U maak my hoof vet met olie; my beker loop oor. Ps. 23:6 Net goedheid en guns sal my volg al die dae van my lewe; en ek sal in die huis van die HERE bly in lengte van dae. Iemand het sy twee hondjies die name gegee van Goedheid En Guns. Op die vraag hoekom? Was sy antwoord: Want hulle volg my waar ek ook al gaan. ‘n Skaapwagter sal sy lewe aflê vir sy skape. Netso wil ons Herder hê dit moet goed gaan met ons. Moenie vir een oomblik dink Hy bring dinge oor jou pad om jou ‘n les te leer of te kyk hoe jy in ‘n situasie gaan reageer nie. Ja, dinge gebeur, stormtye kom. Maar Hy wil ondanks en deur al hierdie dinge hê dit moet met jou goed gaan. By Hom is oorvloed en in Hom geregtigheid. Al gaan jy deur donker dieptes, jy hoef nie te vrees nie. Daar is Iemand wat met jou is en sy naam is Emmanuel – God is met jou, Hy sal jou nooit los nie. Mag jy vandag ervaar hoe die goeie Herder jou kom seën en hoe sy goedheid en guns jou volg, al die dae van jou lewe. Gee jou hart en jou lewe vir Hom.

Na waters waar rus is ...

“Na waters waar rus is” ... Ps 23:2 – Foto deur Marius Avenant (Stellenbosch)

FRONT COVER | VOORBLAD

General Magnus Andre De Merindol Malan: Lt. Col. William Marshall

General Magnus Andre De Merindol Malan was born on January 30, 1930, he always wanted to be a soldier. There is a well-established story of how, at the age of 14, he followed the example of many another adventurous South African boys and ran away from home to enlist in the Army. Like most of them, he was tracked down and hauled back to school by his concerned family. Malan did not try to abscond again. He bided his time and in 1950 finally started his long-awaited military career by attesting in the South African Permanent Force after matriculating at the Afrikaanse HoĂŤr Seunskool. He was married to Margrietha Johanna van der Walt. Three children were born from this marriage, two sons and a daughter. Having completed the PF officers' course at the SA Military College (at this stage the South African Military Academy did not exist) he went on to graduate as a Bachelor of Science (Mil) at Pretoria University in 1954. Malan entered the SADF on 01 Apr 1950 and on 12 Feb 1954 he was commissioned into the Coastal Artillery with the rank of Lt. On the 09 may 1955 he was appointed as officer instructor at 6 Coastal Regiment SA Navy Marines, with the disbanding of the Marines he was transferred to the South African Army as an instructor at the Army Gymnasium at Voortrekkerhoogte near Pretoria. By 01 December 1957 he was promoted to Captain and aide-de-camp to the Governor General of what was then still the Union of South Africa. A year later he was appointed second-in-command of the SA Military Academy, which had been established a few years earlier. On 01 Dec 1961 he was promoted to Major, from here Malan became a staff officer in charge of planning, operations and training at Army Headquarters. In 1961 he completed an SADF staff course and re-joined the staff of the Director of Planning and Operations. 11

This was followed in 1962 by the honour of being nominated to attend the two-year US Army Staff Course at Fort Leavenworth, followed by a short attachment to the 35th Armoured Division in Colorado. Interesting stories are told about that time. It is said his instructors singled out Malan as future possible national leader, and that he was given the ultimate accolade of being invited to meet President John F Kennedy. On returning to SA in 1964 he was appointed to the staff of the SA Military College (now the SA Army College) at Voortrekkerhoogte in the rank of Commandant at the age of only 34 a sure portent of things to come in a small and rather neglected defence force where promotion tended to be slow. Just two years later he was promoted to full colonel and became Officer Commanding SWA Command, based in Windhoek. He was there only a year before going to the prestigious post of Officer Commanding SA Military Academy in the rank of Brigadier. He stayed there for five years at the Academy, shaping several generations of future officers, before being appointed Officer Commanding Western Province Command, based at Cape Town, in 1972. The following year he was promoted to Major General, just 23 years after joining up. A few months later, aged 43, Malan was leap-frogged over the heads of a number of other Major Generals senior to him in age, service or both, promoted to Lieutenant General and appointed Chief of the Army, the youngest man to hold this post or its equivalent in the history of the SADF. Malan stayed Chief of the Army until July 1976, just after SA had withdrawn the last of its forces from Angola at the conclusion of Operation Savannah. Then he was appointed acting Chief of the SADF to succeed Admiral Hugo Biermann, and on 01 September of that year his appointment was confirmed and he was promoted to General. In late 1980 Malan retired from the SADF, became a nominated MP and was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister of Defence. This caused some resentment among his new colleagues, since politicians especially senior ones tend to be as clannish as old soldiers. But he was and is "PW's man," and earned his spurs in the general election of 1981. In 1987 he increased his majority. He was a strong proponent of coloured and black advancement in the SADF and in fact the first coloured officers in the history of the SADF were commissioned during his term as Chief of the Army. Characteristically, Malan did not allow these to be token appointments coloured officer-cadets did the normal stern training course (which washed out half of the first class). Their reward was full equality with white fellow officers in every way. During his periods of office as Chief of the Army and Chief of the SADF parity of pay was achieved in almost all ranks, and the SADF was usually ahead of civilian society in the matter of integration. He was intolerant of inefficiency and demanded hard work from his subordinates, but commands great personal loyalty from those who have had contact with him (this is partly due to a magnetic

personality, partly to good man-management and partly to a phenomenal memory, he can reel off facts and figures without consulting notes, and never forgets a man's name). His experience in the US Army seems to have left an indelible impression on him, and it is noteworthy that during his period in high military office the SA Army's staff structure changed perceptibly towards the US pattern (one US military observer has described the SA Army as being basically organised on the British pattern, but with an American-style staff organisation superimposed on it). As early as 1977 he was propagating the theory that SA was involved in a "total war" not in the Hitlerian sense of total destruction of all opposition, but in terms of Mao Tse-tung's belief that every activity of a state (as Malan put it) "must be seen and under stood as a function of total war." The correct way of conducting such a "total war," he added, was to adopt a "total strategy" which embraced not only firm military action where necessary but also non-military reforms to ensure the loyalty of the entire nation, regardless of race or political affiliation. During 1990, his position as Minister of Defence came under threat following public revelations about SADF death squads operating against civilians. On 03 February 1993, Malan retired from politics after 12 years in Parliament. He passed away peacefully at his house in Pretoria on 18 July 2011 at the age of 81.

Medals • • • • • •

Star of South Africa Southern Cross Medal Good Service Medal in the Permanent Force Good Service Medal (Gold) Good Service Medal (Silver) Pro Patria Medal with Cunene Clasp

Operation “K” “Contact!”: Jim Hooper

1. The trackers in Zulu November’s No 3 car spot three Swapo insurgents scattering into the bush near a water hole. Thinus Pretorius shouts “Contact!” over the radio and looks around the backplate and his Casspir turns toward them, twin .30 Brownings firing.

2. At the same time the trackers Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m with grab weapons.

3. The immediate danger is a heatstrim ant-armour rifle grenade and the men rake possible hiding places.

4. When one terr is spotted in a thick patch of bush, trackers jump out and empty their magazines into the thicket. 16

5. Gunsmoke and dust from the impact of bullets is dissipating after five more men have sprayed the hiding place.

6. Zulu Quebecâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Franshua du Toit and Zulu Uniformâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Adriaan Hattingh race into a contact. 17

7. Minutes away from a contact, these men watch intently. If there is a terr ready to fire a heatstrim or RPG they must kill him before he launches the deadly weapon.

8. Heads snap toward the sound of an exploding anti-armour rifle grenade. 18

9. Heads snap toward the sound of an exploding anti-armour rifle grenade.

10. Attie Hattinghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s car has just been hit by a heatstrim. By luck, it was deflected by a branch and hit a front wheel, bringing the Casspir to a halt. 19

11. Contact has just been hit 200m ahead of us. Zulu Foxtrotâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s No 1 car races forward as men in the back, grab weapons. The man at the left is drawing back the charging handle to chamber a round.

12. As we get closer to the firing, the trackers start looking for targets. 20

13. One terr is spotted behind an anthill and we circle around it with everyone firing.

14. Each time we pass one point of the circle a well-hidden terr opens fire with his AK-47 but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not heard above the sounds of racing diesel engine, radios at full blast and long bursts from R5s and .50 and .30 Brownings. The driver in another Wolf sees tracers passing us and comes in with twin .30 Brownings to kill the one trying to kill us. 21

15. The inevitable result suffered by each of the insurgents involved in the contact.

Other Police History items | Ander polisie-geskiedenis items Top opleidingseenheid nou weiveld vir beeste: Middelburg Observer Maleoskop wat eens op ‘n tyd een van die top opleidingseenhede vir die polisie was, is nou ‘n verlate en verwaarloosde stuk grond waar beeste wei.

In die laat 1960’s het die eerste polisie-opleiding in Maleoskop begin vanuit ‘n tent. Die opleidingsbasis het egter vinnig uitgebrei en in ‘n dorp van sy eie ontwikkel. Die opleidingseenheid 22

is gestig om polisiebeamptes op te lei in afdelings soos onluste en skarebeheer, asook teeninsurgensie. Gedurende die tyd van die grensoorlog moes alle polisiebeamptes intensiewe opleiding van ses weke lank voltooi in gespesialiseerde wapens en bosoorlogvoering. Die koevoet- en taakmageenhede is ook hier opgelei.

Lande soos Amerika, Japan en Sjina, het selfs van hulle burgers gestuur om daar opgelei te word. Op sy dag, was daar tot 800 kursusgangers wat op ‘n slag opleiding ontvang het. Daar het 400 gesinne gewoon, en daar was sewe kampe met elk sy eie bevelvoerder en ontspanningsgeriewe, soos ‘n swembad, wat deur die kursusgangers en instrukteurs gebou is. Maleoskop het tot sy eie gholfklub gehad, wat ontwerp is deur Dave Carpenter, Herklaas Strydom, asook Robbie Roberts wat steeds by die Groblersdal polisiestasie werk, en ‘n gereelde gholfspeler is by Groblersdal Gholfklub.

Besighede het veral baat gevind wanneer hierdie 800 kursusgangers ‘n “dorps-dag” gehad het. Kursusgangers is met busse na Groblersdal aangery waar hul inkopies kom doen het. Alle vleis 23

en kos, wat deur die Maleoskop-opleidingseenheid aan die kursusgangers gegee is, is in Groblersdal aangekoop. Die opleidingseenheid is op 31 Desember 2002 gesluit deur Jackie Selebi, voormalige nasionale kommissaris van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens. Grondeise is ook ingedien waar die opleidingsbasis was en behoort die grond nou aan Kgoshi Rammupudu van die Bakgaga-Bakopa stam. Die grond is omskep in weiding vir die stam se beeste.

Op die dag wat die opleidingsbasis in Maleoskop gesluit is, was daar 400 gesinne wat in huise op die basis gewoon het, 108 instrukteurs en 300 werkers, wat ander heenkome moes vind. In 2009 het Aquarius Platinumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Blue Ridge myn op die buitewyk van Maleoskop produksie begin. In September 2010 is daar besluit om die myn te herontwikkel en infrastruktuur te installeer weens suboptimale mynontwerp en lae randpryse. Die herontwikkelingsprojek het in die laaste kwartaal van 2010 begin. Tydens die herontwikkeling het die maatskappy tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die myn nie sy voldoende teiken sal bereik om verdere ontwikkelingsuitgawes te regverdig nie. Die maatskappy het die mynbedrywighede en verdere ontwikkeling in die tweede kwartaal van 2011 gestaak. Tans word die myn onderhou, maar geen produksie vind plaas nie. https://mobserver.co.za/95007/top-opleidingseenheid-nou-weiveld-virbeeste/?fbclid=IwAR3oP_6tiOotx30dLKpiFHtSBhZ9sHGKIyhxLMBeLQiNdLjwWtChEqfdFbA

[Toestemming Tobie van den Bergh]

Nongqai 1907 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1961: Once again revived!

A Brief History of the Badge of the South African Police: Mark Naude (NZ) This article has been compiled by condensing relevant information from articles in published in Servamus in 1990 as well as additional information and some interpretation. During the period 1910 to 1913 the various former Colonial and City police forces within the Union of South Africa worked towards amalgamation as the South African Police. Mr Edward W Lonsdale was appointed as Secretary for Justice on 16 June 1910. He had the unenviable task of achieving the amalgamation of the various police forces. Lonsdale appears to have been an efficient official and held in high esteem across the political spectrum. Police Regulations were drawn up in 1910 and a Police Act was enacted in 1912 (Act 14 of 1912) but it was not until 1913 that the amalgamation was complete. The 1910 Police Regulations were largely based on that of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC). The RIC were an armed and mostly mounted force that many colonial police forces were modelled on (as opposed to the unarmed London Metropolitan Police that most English police organisations were modelled on). The SAP Regulations did not mention a badge design. The RIC wore a harp and crown badge which was of course appropriate to Ireland but which would have been totally out of place in South Africa. It was only in 1913 that the design of the force badge was described in Government Notice 337 dated 27 February 1913 as follows: “…on an eight-pointed star a circle surmounted by a Tudor crown. On the circle “South African Police” and “Zuid-Afrikaanse Politie” within the circle the Union Arms.” It is worth noting that the badges of the Johannesburg Town Police, Pretoria Town Police, and the later Transvaal Police all followed a similar pattern, namely an 8-pointed star, the uppermost point of which was replaced by a Tudor crown. The name of each force was inscribed on a circlet which had either the Royal Cypher or the Royal Arms in the centre. The new SAP took on a lot of traditions from the former Transvaal Police.

Figure 1 It is not difficult to see the logical progression from the colonial Transvaal Police helmet plate designs to that of the early South African Police London’s Metropolitan Police wore similar shaped badges, with the Royal Cypher in the centre, from around 1880 onwards. It was also fairly common for police forces to wear the crown without a wreath. It was only in 1934 that an attempt was made in the United Kingdom to standardise the pattern of police badges and insignia. The 8-pointed star surmounted by the crown with Royal Cypher in the centre and the name of the force on the circlet was promoted as the standard pattern badge however local coats-of-arms, crests and emblems also continued to be used and tolerated. It has been suggested that the 1934 report simply standardised what was already a common practice. Many police forces in England and Wales indeed follow a similar pattern to this day with the central device being the royal cypher or a local coat of arms or occasionally an animal or floral symbol associated with the area. There are only a handful of exceptions to the eight-pointed star layout1. The former Cape and Natal Police forces tended to use monograms and crowns for their insignia sometimes in combination with wreaths. The former Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek Politie (ZARP’s) also used monograms and wreaths while the former Free State’s Police are understood to have worn the Free State coat of arms. The South African Constabulary had a circlet with a crown and a most appropriate central device – a lion striking a serpent2.

Hampshire Constabulary for example use a rose device with rose leaf wreath surmounted by a crown. Scottish Police wear a heraldic thistle surmounted by a Scottish crown. 2 When the SAP badge was changed in 1995 it is a pity they did not consider reverting to the lion and serpent as the central device. Besides being appropriate symbolically both animals are of course also indigenous to South Africa!

Figure 2

Figure 3

ZARP Helmet Badge

SA Constabulary Hat Badge

Unsurprisingly, the 1913 SAP badge used the 1910 version of the Union Arms as its central device. The arms were granted to the Union by Royal Warrant on 17 September 1910. The arms were redrawn in 1930 and 1932 and adopted in ‘embellished’ and ‘unembellished’ versions by the Union Government. The SAP however continued to use the 1910 version on their badges3.

Figure 4 1910 version

Figure 5 1930 or ‘unembellished’

Figure 6 1932 or ‘embellished’ version

The wording on the circlet of the SAP badge changed several times (see Figures 10 to 13). The first few changes had to do with language. First from Nederlands (Dutch) to Afrikaans and then it seems due to changes in Afrikaans spelling rules.

The only exceptions were the enamelled cap badge for senior officers introduced in the 1970s which used the 1930 version and the so-called “waggon wheel” Warrant Officer rank insignia worn from 1964 to 1995 which had the 1930 arms in a wreath. The 1932 embellished version was used on the badge on the SAP flag but nowhere else.

The changes introduced in 1957 however were more political in nature and reflected the desires of the government of the day. In 1957 the then Quartermaster of the SAP, DeputyCommissioner JM Keevy4, instructed JE van Niekerk5 to design a new badge for the SAP.

Figure 7 Dep-Comm JM Keevy Quartermaster of the SAP

Figure 8 1957 Badge Design

Figure 9 Col JE van Niekerk in1990

Development of the South African Police Badge

Figure 10: 1913-26 This had the Dutch ‘Zuid-Afrikaanse Politie’. Despite the spelling this is not pronounced ‘pol-liet-tie’! It is more like the ‘ti’ in nation or ration. Some Dutch dialects say the ‘ti’ just like an ‘s’ so pol-lie-sch-ie or poli-sie!

4 5

Later General Keevy and Commissioner of the SAP 1962-68 At that stage O-in-C of the Fingerprint Unit in Bloemfontein, later became a Colonel

Figure 11: 1926-32 With Afrikaans becoming an official language in place of Dutch the spelling was altered to Poliesie.

Figure 12: 1932-57 The official Afrikaans spelling had changed to Polisie.

Figure 13: 1957-1995 The crown disappeared and was replaced by an eighth point. The order of languages was reversed with Afrikaans above and English below. The general shape of the star was also altered to give it a more solid look at the base and a narrower top.

Fig. 14: Design layout

Fig. 15: Senior Officers

The first attempt simply replaced the Tudor Crown with an eighth point. Keevy was not impressed by this and wanted the base of the new star to have a more solid appearance than the old design. To achieve this, Van Niekerk designed the new badge so that it had two axes. The central axis for the star itself (A) differed from that of the circlet (B). Captain Van Niekerk’s supervisor, major de Witt6, and Deputy-Commissioner Keevy were apparently both keenly interested in the project and critiqued designs during the process. The 1957 badge design remained in use until 1995. There were a few variations. Initially ‘White’ officers and warrant officers wore it in gilt with the area around the coat of arms voided. Constables and Sergeants wore it in solid brass until the late 1970s when they started wearing the voided version as well.7 Generals8 wore a wire embroidered version of the badge. ‘Non-white’ policemen initially wore the badge in a chrome finish. From 1974 onward they also wore the gilt badges as appropriate to their rank. The differences may be the subject of a future article. Another change came about when senior officers (Major to Brigadier) were issued a gilt and enamel cap badge from 1975. This badge however differed slightly from the 1957 design as it had the 1930 version of the coat-of-arms inside the circlet. The corporate logo of the SAP used in the 1980s on letterheads and vehicles was based on this design. Published • • • •

Curson, HH (1954), Regimental Devices in South Africa 1783-1964. Caxton. Pretoria. Haasbroek, LJ (1990), Ons kenteken –Ons eie (Deel 1). Servamus. January 1990. Haasbroek, LJ (1990), Ons kenteken –Ons eie (Deel 2). Servamus. February 1990. Tylden, G. (1954) Armed Forces of South Africa. Africana.

Unpublished Van Wyk,M & Labuschagne, JS (n/d), South African Police Badges, Badges of Rank, and Uniform since 1913. •

Various notes supplied by the former SAP Museum about twenty years ago.

Later General HG de Witt, Commissioner of the SAP 1987-89. I asked brig SJP du Toit about this in the early 1980’s and he replied that it became one less item to keep in the stores; so that Constable to Captain wore the same voided badges. I did not like this idea – HBH. 8 Lt.-Col. to General wore the wire embroidered version of the badge – HBH. 7

Taktiese Ondervraging van Verdagtes: Brig. Fanie Bouwer Gister gaan help ek iemand om sy meubels met my bakkie van sy huis te ry na die meubelvervoerwa wat so 300m by 'n groter pad gestaan het. Die pad na die huis was te noú en draaiplek te klein vir die meubelvervoerwa om te draai. Terwyl die proses aan die gang was, sê die eienaar se dogter vir my dat haar goue ring met 'n knewel van 'n diamant uit die kombuis vermis is. Sy het skottelgoed gewas, dit afgehaal en langs wasbak geplaas en vir 'n wyle vergeet. Die 3 swart helpers was die verdagtes. Hulle was nie mý helpers nie. Ek het vir die vrou gesê dat sy grof nalatig was en dat sy 'n geleentheid vir die dief veroorsaak het. Toe ek die laaste vrag (die 10de), besluit ek om die 3 verdagtes te ondervra. Ek reël met die eienaar dat hy 2 van hulle elk apart in 'n aparte vertrek laat sit, terwyl ek die ander een ook apart in 'n ander vertrek ondervra - in isiXhosa. Die eerste sessie ondervraging ten opsigte was so in die algemeen t.o.v. al drie afsonderlik. Met die 2de sessie met elk, laat ek elke verdagte verstaan dat hý nou nie weet wat die ander twee gesê het nie, maar dat dit 'interessant' was en dat die waarheid begin deurskemer. Dit was 'n bluf. Maar nog geen sukses nie. Met 3de rondte herhaal ek weer dat ek nou 2 keer met die ander gepraat het en dat ek nou meér weet. Dit was egter nie waar nie. Toe ek vir die 2de een sê dat ek dink hy steek iets weg, toe sien ek hy raak ongemaklik en daar is twyfel op sy gesig. Ek sê hy kan maar bieg. Nee, sê hy, hy het nr. 3 gesien met 'n ring. Dít was die deurbraak waarvoor ek gehoop het. Nr. 3 sou nou 'n taamlike aggressiewe ondervraging ervaar. Toe roep ek nr. 3 in. Ek kyk hom net 'n lang ruk aan sonder om iets te sê. Ek hou sy uitdrukkings dop. Duidelik baie meer senuweeagtig. Ek herinner hom dat hy nie weet wat die ander twee afsonderlik vir my gesê het nie. Hy erken dit. Ek deel hom toe mee dat hy moontlik die volgende dae in die tronkselle gaan slaap. Sy oë rek en hy's erg ongemaklik. Toe vra ek hom direk: "Gaan jy my nou wys waar die ring is?" (Ek moet net hier byvoeg dat ek en die huiseienaar hulle vroeër deeglik deursoek het nadat hulle toestemming gegee het). Hy sê toe dit lê agter op my bakkie onder die ou kombers wat op die bakkie se vloer geplaas was om die meubels te beskerm teen skaafmerke. Ons almal stap na die bakkie en ek sê vir hom om die ring van my bakkie af te haal. Hy voel-voel onder die kombers en kom daarmee te voorskyn. Ek neem dit van hom af en gee dit vir die eienares wat ook nader gestap gekom het. Sy bars snot en trane uit. Ek sê toe vir haar: "Cxxxxx, all is well that ends well". Die huiseienaar en die vrou wou nie 'n kriminele klag by die polisie lê nie, want hy moet Amerika toe binnekort en sy weer na Johannesburg. Dit was die dief se gelukkige dag. Hulle het my nie 'n vergoeding aangebied vir my speurwerk nie.

1974: We met the Vadoma of Rhodesia We received photos from the late major CJ Joubert’s daughter about the Doma9 people which we came across, in the then Rhodesia, when we served there. Before placing the photographs, I first did a search on Wikipedia about these stone-age people. Here in short is what I found:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadoma

• The Vadoma of Zimbabwe From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Doma or vaDoma (singular muDoma), also known as Dema, are the Kanyemba region in the north of Zimbabwe, especially in the Urungwe around the basins of Mwazamutanda River, a tributary of the Zambezi River only traditional hunter-gatherers indigenous to Zimbabwe and inherited ectrodactyly existing among some vaDoma families.

a tribe living in and Sipolilo districts Valley. They are the famous for the

• Language The vaDoma speak the Dema language, closely related to the dominant Shona language of Zimbabwe and highly comprehensible to Korekore and Tande Shona dialects.[2] Living alongside Shona and Kunda people in Kanyemba, they also speak Korekore Shona and Kunda.

• History According to vaDoma mythology, their ancestors emerged from a baobab tree. Upon descending from it, they walked upright to hunt and gather the fruits of the land.[3] The name vaDoma is also used in the Zambezi region for a semi-mythical people characterized as magical, capricious, hard to find, and living among the trees. This may refer to Khoisan hunter-gatherers who preceded the migration of the Bantu Shona into the Zambezi Valley, and the vaDoma are possibly related to this earlier population.[4] Rumors also persist among nearby peoples that the vaDoma are capable of disappearing in the forest and performing magic. Historically, the vaDoma chiefly dwelt in the mountains, living a largely nomadic lifestyle of hunting, fishing, trapping, honey hunting, and gathering wild fruits and roots.[5] Prior to the European colonization of Africa, the vaDoma also resisted incorporation into the Korekore Shona kingdom of Mutapa,[2] which resulted in little access to fertile land.[6] Land reform after Zimbabwe's independence did not change this, despite pressure from the Mugabe government, and the vaDoma's continuing dispossession has made them Zimbabwe's only non-agricultural society, leading to stereotypes as "Stone Age cave-dwellers".[7][8] The mountain homeland of the vaDoma has now become the Chewore Safari Area.[9] In recent years, vaDoma have been threatened by game rangers due to a crackdown on poaching. Many abandoned their hunter-gatherer lifestyle and moved to the lowlands. Today, though they have little contact with the majority populace, many vaDoma families live settled lives as semi-foragers, building houses on wooden platforms to avoid predators. During rainfall, they cover the shelters with thatching. vaDoma are also reluctant to wear textile fabrics.[6][10] Recently, the Seventh-Day Adventist Church built Mariga Primary School to educate vaDoma children.[3]

• Ectrodactyly A substantial minority of vaDoma has a condition known as ectrodactyly in which the middle three toes are absent and the two outer ones are turned in, resulting in the tribe being known as the "two-toed" or "ostrich-footed" tribe. This is an autosomal dominant condition resulting from a single mutation on chromosome number 7.[11] It is reported that those with the condition are not handicapped and well-integrated into the tribe. While possibly an aid in tree climbing, the condition prevails because of a small genetic pool among the vaDoma and is propagated by the tribal law that forbids members to marry outside the group.[11] Due to the vaDoma tribe's isolation, they have developed and maintained ectrodactyly, and their comparatively small gene pool has resulted in the condition being much more frequent than elsewhere.[11] The Eastern Shona Kalanga of the Kalahari Desert also have a number of members with ectrodactyly and may be related.[11]

• References ^ Project, Joshua. "Doma, Vadoma in Zimbabwe". ^ Jump up to:a b Lan, David (1985-01-01). Guns & Rain: Guerrillas & Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520055896. ^ Jump up to:a b "Relief for the Doma people". NewsDay Zimbabwe. Retrieved 2016-03-31. 32

^ Lancaster, C.S.; Pohorilenko, A. (1977-01-01). "Ingombe Ilede and the Zimbabwe Culture". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 10 (1): 1– 30. doi:10.2307/216889. JSTOR 216889. ^ "Global Prayer Digest - vaDoma". www.globalprayerdigest.org. Retrieved 2016-03-31. ^ Jump up to:a b Bruijn, Mirjam De; Dijk, Rijk A. van; Foeken, Dick (2001-01-01). Mobile Africa: Changing Patterns of Movement in Africa and Beyond. BRILL. ISBN 9004120726. ^ Weekly World News. Weekly World News. 1981-12-22. ^ Swaney, Deanna (1999-01-01). Zimbabwe, Botswana & Namibia. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9780864425454. ^ "Is there hope for the Dema people? - Zimbabwe - OM News". news.om.org. Retrieved 2016-0331. ^ "The Ostrich People of Kanyemba - An Extraordinary Tribe - Shearwater Victoria Falls". Shearwater Victoria Falls. Retrieved 2016-03-31. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Farrell HB (1984). "The two-toed Wadoma--familial ectrodactyly in Zimbabwe". S. Afr. Med. J. 65 (13): 531–3. PMID 6710256.

Vadoma people with ectrodactyly: Maj CJ Joubert

Comments by HBH I first read about these people in the Huisgenoot when I was a young man. I later one of my majors at UND was Social Anthropology. I was always curious and interested about the peoples of Africa. However, in our anthropological studies we never studied these particular people. It just proves, that we have so much to learn! Later Major Joubert told me about these people. I served in Rhodesia during 1974, I then also saw some of these people. We came across curious people in Rhodesia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; I also remember the Makorikori people and their strange customs. 34

1960: Die jonge konstabel CJ Joubert (Khaki-uniform)

Kaptein CJ Joubert (Veiligheidshoofkantoor) se klagte oor die “slap chips” Eendag kom ek van buite die gebou (Wachthuis), in veiligheidshoofkantoor se voorportaal op die grondvloer. Voor my staan ‘n swart lid en hy kom op aandag, groet en hou ‘n pak warm, slap, skyfies vas asof dit ‘n knuppel is. Ek groet terug en vra hom wie se skyfies dit is. “Kaptein Joubert, derde vloer!” sê hy. Die voorportaal is gevul met daardie spesiale aroma wat net slap chips en asyn kan opdis aan ‘n honger maag! Ek neem die pak skyfies by die lid en begin eet. Die hysbakke kom uiteindelik; maar ek eet skyfies tot op die derde vloer. Ek gee die pak skyfies terug met die opdrag: “Sê niks vir die kaptein nie!” Later sou ek hoor van die drama wat hom te hoofkantoor afgespeel het. Chris Joubert maak die pak aartappel skyfies oop en tel nege stukke slap ‘chips’. Hy bel die kafeteria om te kla oor die min skyfies. Voor hy veel meer kon sê, sê die dame: “Bel vir kolonel (Paul) Roux”. [Kol Roux was die voorsitter van die Hoofkantoor se ontspanningsklub waaronder die kafeteria geressorteer het.] “Hy het wel opdrag gegee dat ons minder skyfies moet gee aangesien die prys van aartappels drasties verhoog is”. Arme Chris Joubert skakel toe my ou vriend, kol Roux, en kla sy nood by hom! “Korrek”, sê die kolonel:, “Ek het opdrag gegee dat die prys dieselfde bly maar dat minder aartappelskyfies in die pakkies gesit word!” Ou Chris kla steen en been:” Maar daar is net nege stukkies in die pakkie!” Die kolonel het hom gelyk gegee en opdrag gegee dat hy ‘n nuwe pakkie kon kry met meer skyfies in! Ons het baie ernstige poetse op mekaar gebak om soms van die geweldige spanning, druk en frustrerende werksomstandighede te ontvlug. Meer later oor die “sports” op hoofkantoor. Van ons sports het skokgolwe deur die gebou gestuur! (Meer later!)

Lieutenant QS Fourie (Khaki-uniform)

In the sixties and seventies officers wore tailor-made uniforms. I remember when we were commissioned our dress-suits (monkey-suits) and uniforms were made and tailored by Burger and Louw. No stores uniforms for officers then!

1910 (circa): Heidelberg Police Barracks: Transvaal

1927: Heidelberg (Transvaal)

The District Commandantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office on the extreme left, Charge Office in the centre and Single Quarters on the right.

SAP Alexandra Rd | SAP Alexandraweg: Pietermaritzburg Hallo Hennie Die foto’s is geneem deur ‘n dienende lid van die SAPS op Alex Weg A/O Piet van Jaarsveld en hy het toestemming verleen dat die gepubliseer kan word. Ons Pietermaritzburg V/Tak het tot en met 1992 die 1ste vloer gebruik. Vroeër was dit die mans se enkelkwartiere gewees. Groetnis, Lucas Holtzhausen

1964: SAP-kollege 55-jaar gelede: HBH â&#x20AC;˘ SAS: Plekbespreking Durban na Pretoria, 2de klas, 12 Januarie 1964.

â&#x20AC;˘ Wenke aan Applikante: Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie

• Op pad na die SAP-kollege Na al die jare is ek steeds in besit ek die SAP se inligtingsnota – “wenke aan applikante”. Die nota is deur die SAP King’s Rest se patrolliewa by ons huis besorg en ek het die inhoud deeglik bestudeer. Op 12 Januarie 1964 vertrek ek per trein van Durban na die SA Polisie-kollege in Pretoria. Ek was baie opgewonde! Applikante vir indiensneming in die SA Polisie het in daardie dae tweede klas gereis. Ek kan nie onthou van etes en beddegoed nie! My reisgenoot was ‘n oudsoldaat op pad na Pretoria. Ek was geklee in my swart katkisasie-pak met rooi-en-swart bypassende sy-das wat my Ouma vir my gegee het! Dit was my plan om netjies en waardig by die kollege aan te kom. Die oudsoldaat het my op en af bekyk. In antwoord op sy vraag vertel ek hom toe dat ek na die polisiekollege gaan. ‘n Banale verhaaltjie10 wat hy my vertel sal ek nooit vergeet nie. Hy vra my wie die verste kon urineer, ‘n man of ‘n vrou? ‘n Man natuurlik, vertel ek hom! “Nee, ou boeta”, sê hy, “dis ‘n vrou!”. Hy vertel so deur die oorlogsjare drink en dans hulle in ‘n hotel op die hoek van Brickhill- en Pointweg - waar die fonteintjie staan met die krip waarin die polisieperde en trekperde altyd water gedrink het. Hulle het in ‘n groep gedrink en gedans en toe het hy om verskoning gevra ten einde toilet toe te gaan. ‘n Dame het aangebied om saam te stap. Toe hulle in die hotel se binneplein kom sê die dame vir hom dat sy hom wed dat sy verder as hy kan urineer. Hy neem toe die weddenskap aan. Hy trek toe ‘n streep in die stof en sê toe: “Dames eerste”. Sy het toe op die streep gestaan, omgedraai, haar onderbroekie laat sak, gebuk en so ‘n streep weg geurineer. Sy sê toe dat dit nou sy beurt was en hy gaan staan op die streep. Hy maak sy gulp oop en net toe hy wil ‘vat’ sê sy: “Onthou ek het nie aan myne gevat nie”. Nodeloos om te verklaar sê hy, die dame het toe die weddenskap gewen! So begin mens met die lewe, die harde werklikheid druis in. Van mens wees, van sonde en van ander waardes as diè waaraan jy as jong bekeerde Christen gewoond was.

• 13 Januarie 1964 Die volgende dag het ons in Germiston aangekom. Ons rytuig is afgehak en aan ‘n voorstedelike trein gehak. Toe ons vertrek, toe voel dit vir my of ons die verkeerde kant toe ry – terug na Durban! In Pretoria aangekom klim ek uit die rytuig en so ‘n lang sersant – seker ses voet ses duim lank - stap na my: “Goeie more meneer, is u hier om na die SAP-kollege te gaan?” Ek het bevestigend geantwoord. Skielik is ek agterdogtig. “Kom laat ek u help met u tas”. “Nee sersant, ek kan self regkom, dankie.” “Kom saam met my!”

Seer sekerlik deel van ons geskiedenis. Dit het mos gebeur!

“Wag hier”, en hy maak die deur van ‘n opruktrok oop en stoot my in. Tot vandag weet ek presies waar die opruktrok gestaan het. As ek by die Pretoria spoorwegstasie kom, dink ek altyd onwillekeurig aan 13 Januarie 1964 en waar die trok daardie dag gestaan het. Toe hy soos ‘n hen met haar kuikens, weer aankom, klim ‘n klomp jong seuns in en ons vertrek na die kollege. Ons het verby die slagpale gery en af in Mitchellstraat afgery – rigting wes. Ons het by die kollege aangekom. Ek was ietwat teleurgesteld met die kollege se geboue; ek het gedink die SAP-kollege is iets indrukwekkend is soos die Durban-onderwyseres-kollege of soos die Natal Universiteit in Durban. Ons is gemaan om versigtig te wees met die afklim en al wat ek onthou is die gimnasium en die rooi paradegrond. Toe begin die wag. Ons moes vir alles wag en in rye staan. Wel, ons staan in ‘n ry om ingesweer te word. Ons wag en wag. Ek kry toe magsnommer 43630. Ek dink ‘n kaptein Du Pisani het my ingesweer. Ons moes daarna vir ‘n magdom goed teken: Bystandfonds, Weduwee- en weesfonds, pensioen, Justitia en allerhande aftrekkings. Ek is 17 jaar oud en wonder of die aftrekkings wettig gedoen was aangesien ek ‘n minderjarige is – miskien het die polisie gedink: “Goed, die mannetjie is geëmansipeerd! Hy kan wettig kontakte aangaan.” Ons is toe ingedeel in tydelike troepe, ek was in “troep D” ingedeel. Ons was tuis in die ou blok aan die westekant, van wat later Gous-huis sou heet, ingekwartier. Daar was ‘n paar “ou manne” wat vroeër ingekom het en ons touwys gemaak het. Ons het in lang rye stompies “gearresteer” en die kamp skoon gemaak. In lang rye gewag om kos te kry .... Ons is, nadat ons ingesweer is, redelik ongeskik en rof behandel. Die ontgroening het begin! Transformasie van groentjies na blougatte! Na ‘n paar dae is ons na die kwartiermeester in Jacob Maraisstraat om ons trommels, uitrusting en uniforms te kry. Ek onthou daar was ‘n vreeslike haelstorm en verskeie vensters en ruite was in Pretoria gebreek.

Foto via Johan Visage per whatsApp ontvang. Fotograaf: Robert van Onselen. 44

Ek onthou hoe flink die kwartiermeester se personeel ons uitgereik het met alle items met inbegrip van ons trommels en stelle Staande Orders, Ondersoek van Misdaad, Polisiewet en -regulasies ens. Die personeel het flink vir mekaar geskree: “Boots black, pairs two, size 10” en siedaar land dit voor jou op die toonbank. “Shoes, black, pairs two, size 10”, “Coats warm, grey size 1” en dan “Coats rain, blue size 2” en die berg klerasie het vinnig al hoe groter voor ons geword. Ons het twee komberse gekry, vier lakens en twee blou handdoeke met geel-streep dwars oor die lengte in die middel. Ons het lyfbande, bajonette en bandeliers gekry. Daar was baie leerwerk wat ons moes poets en blinkvryf. Ons het ook ons uniforms gekry en ons moes self die knope aanwerk. Ons het grys hemde met los boordjies gekry en ons moes “studs” voor en agter by die boordjie insit. Dit was sommer nonsens en gou het ek die boordjies aan die hemp vasgewerk! Ons moes ook “Kollege” en “College” bo op ons moue by die skouers vaswerk onder ons SAP’s. Die kwartiermeester het soos motbolle geruik. Maar ek het geen sin daaraan gehad om reënjasse of stewels uit te reik nie. Ek wou polisieman word. Ek is later by die beredetroep ingedeel – troep 7 (Berede) en ons troepleier was aanvanklik Paul Eilers11 (die bekende akteur) en later het die bekende politikus en akademikus, dr Leon Wessels ons troepleier geword. Leon en ek was in Durban saam in Port Natal in standerd 5B in mnr Hoffman se klas en saam in die Sondagskool; Leon het reeds van skooldae sterk leierseienskappe getoon. Ons troep het ‘n sinkgebou ingetrek naby die gimnasium en ons was vier in ‘n kamer ingedeel. Dit was nogal lekker – ons was nie 36 in een vertrek nie. Alhoewel ons op skool vriende was, was ons in die polisie nie boesemvriende nie. Leon was ‘n ruiter by uitnemendheid. Ons is manne en ons het nie die luuksheid van warm water geken nie. Ons, as seuns moes elke dag skeer. Ek het een dag oorgeslaan en ‘n vreeslike skrobbering gekry! Nooit, ooit het ek ooit eendag oorgeslaan wat skeer betref nie. Eers toe ek in die veiligheidstak gekom het, het ek my kenbaard gegroei. Tot vandag onthou ek hoe sersant Tulleken ons gewys het: Hoe ons, ons beddens moet opmaak! Hoe ons die lyfband van links na regs moes aansit en ons veters leergewys opryg. Ek sal dit nooit vergeet nie. Wel ons het inspeksie gestaan en ek is “beskuldig” van ‘n “vuil geweer”. Ek het die geweer skoon gemaak na die beste van my vermoë en al my leer uitrusting ge-bone. Maj. “Vingers” Snyman het my amper onderstebo geslaan met sy wysvinger omdat die geweer “vuil” was. Ek moes die volgende oggend voor die dienskamer met die “vuil geweer” aantree. Die keer was die geweer hopelik “skoon”. Weer word ek byna onderstebo getik. Die geweer is steeds “vuil”. Wat nou? Dapper vra ek toe vir majoor Snyman waar die geweer vuil is? Toe wys hy my bo-op die hout is twee klein gaatjies met ‘n koper klinknael in: “DIS WAAR DIE GEWEER VUIL IS!” Wel behalwe vir ‘n wilde perd, Calypso, wat ek eendag moes ry was daar nie probleme nie. Ek het baie hard geleer en vir meeste toetse 100% gekry. Snaaks ek onthou nog van die definisies wat ek geleer het. Ek het met die .303”-geweer se skyfskiet baie gesukkel. Sers. Stadler, met die bakore, het my maar rof op die skietbaan behandel omdat ek so swak geskiet het. Maar later het ek met die ou geweer reggekom! Ons predikant van Durban-Suid, ds. AJN van Heerden was ‘n kapelaan in die kollege. Maj. Solomon wat blind was, het tale aangebied. Daar was ‘n boelie in die troep, nogal een van die vier manne in ons kamer, en hy het gedurig gedreig om my te “slaan”. Hy het my al voor die bors gegryp, opgetel en gedreig! Eendag is hy in 11

Sien volgende berig. Ons het pas verneem dat Paul Eilers oorlede is. RiV - HBH

‘n woordewisseling met ‘n ander troepmaat. Toe ek hom vra om ons te wys hoe hy die groter ou gaan regsien, toe verander hy van plan en kom vir my – ‘n baie kleiner outjie! Ek het hom gewaarsku dat ek hom sou “slaan” – dit was ‘n ydele dreigement en toe kom hy vir my! Wel ek het hom net daar, teen alle verwagting, ‘n goeie loesing gegee. Hy is mediese-kamers toe, sonder om die nag in ons kamer te slaap. Nooit het ek en student-konstabel “Van G” weer vasgesit nie – en inteendeel dit lyk my hy het ‘n pak nodig gehad, om hom “in lyn met ons ander te bring!” Hy was seker ‘n boelie op skool, ek weet nie?

• SAP 228: Bedkaart

As senior offisier kon ek nooit weer die .303 of die .38 deur middel van vriende by die kwartiermeester opspoor nie. Ek wou die wapens koop. Ons het dadelik ook die ammunisie ontvang, nl. 12 x .38 en 50 x .303. Ons was lief vir ons wapens. Ons was bloot kinders toe ons aangesluit het en die “grootmens”-wêreld betree het. Ons was met groot verantwoordelikheid beklee. Alle dank aan die Allerhoogste wat my kollegas en vir my van 1964 tot dusver gespaar het! Baie van die kollege personeel was vir my ‘n rolmodel gewees: Sers. Otto, sers. Tulleken, maj. Snyman en kol. Maritz. Ek onthou nog sy toespraak tydens ons uitpassering. (“ ‘n Pliesieman is nooit laat nie!”)

As student-konstabels het ons ligblou bande om die pet gedra met ‘n geel streep in die middel. Onder die SAP’s het ons op die een skouer “Kollege” en op die ander een “College” gedra. Op offisierskursus het ons weer wit bande om die pet gedra. SDG. [Photo left colourised by https:// www.facebook.com/Photos-Redux. Photo right: Jennifer Bosch}.

• 4 Julie 1964: Aangestel as konstabel

• 43607 No 43607 Johan Visage en ek is saam per trein van die kollege na Durban en later het ons weer saam te veiligheidshoofkantoor gewerk. U kan gerus sy storie lees in die boek “Die Glorie Jare van die SA Polisie.” [Ons paaie, die toekomstige hoofkapelaan en genl George Fivaz se broer het een aand in Pinetown gekruis.] 47

Afsterwe: Paul Eilers (Troep 7 (Berede) 1964) Elizabeth De Wet het op 29 Junie 2019 'n plasing gedeel na die groep: South African Police Veterans.

Ek dink hier is nie een lid wat nie vir Paul Eilers sal onthou nie - Elizabeth De Wet RIV “Leon Van Nierop: Ek het pas verneem dat Paul Eilers oorlede is. Hy was 'n gewaardeerde vriend en kollega van my wat my ook eintlik opgelei het as omroeper en regisseur. Ek het jare lank in radiodramas vir hom gespeel, en hy was ook 'n mede-omroeper (wat my baie poetse voor die mikrofoon gebak het) toe ek by die SAUK begin het in 1975. Hy het onlangs veral as regisseur naam gemaak met Stuur Groete aan Mannetjies Roux, Verraaiers en natuurlik die pragtige Roepman. Mense sal hom veral ook onthou vir sy rolle in TV-reekse soos Vyfster en Die Dood van Elmien Adler. Ek onthou nog sy reaksie nadat ek en Leon Schuster sy huis opgepas het toe hy met vakansie was in 1975. Lekker gelag en baie kwinkslae. Sy laaste vertolking was as At in Sallas de Jager se Dominee Tienie. Ek dink aan sy familie, gesin, vriende en almal wat hom geken het - Leon Van Nierop” (Saterdag 29 Junie 2019) Kommentaar: HBH Paul Eilers was ons onder-troepleier. Ons was saam in troep 7 (Berede). Gedurende 1965/6 was ek op patrollie en het vir Paul Eilers op h/v Airlie-weg en Marine-rylaan op die Bluff raak geloop. Hy was toe van Pretoria na Durban-Sentraal verplaas. Dis die laaste keer wat ek hom ooit gesien het. Hy was bietjie ouer as ons manne in die troep gewees. Sy moeder, het hy destyds vertel, was ‘n luitenante in die SA Gevangenisdiens. Ons eer sy nagedagtenis. 48

Moord op o/sers. Henry Ayling (SAC): Ganskuil: Kol Gawie Richter Hennie soos belowe stuur ek vir jou hierdie verhaal. Dit staan enige een wat die verhaal lees, vry om te raai wat gebeur het. Ekself was vir drie jaar (1960 – 1963) op Ganskuil gestasioneer en maak die volgende afleidings: Dit was duidelik ‘n moord en roof wat as selfmoord afgeskryf was. Sy uniformbaadjie is gevind en nou is my vraag: Waar het hy die manne wat hy moes betaal, se tjeks gehou? Drie perde met toue aanmekaar vasgemaak in die bosveld? Êrens in die bosveld moes hulle aan ‘n boom vasgehaak het? ‘n Perd met ‘n saal en toom in die bek – hy of sy kon wei, maar dis baie moeilik en sou een of ander tyd van honger moes vrek. Onthou dis ses maande na die Anglo Boere-oorlog en die koors het nog geloop. In Ganskuil se polisiewyk was Kain-se-put waar ‘n groep Engelse soldate en sowat 200 Botswanas met .303” gewere gewapen ‘n Boerekamp langs die Maricorivier aangeval en feitlik almal doodgeskiet het. Ek dink daar was 10 gesinne en van die mense wat oorleef het was daar ‘n Riekert-dogtertjie, die Ouma van Anton Rupert. Ek dink onder-sersant Henry Ayling was dopgehou – daar was net een pad wat hy kon volg en hy kon nooit verdwaal het nie. Volgens die skrywer van die artikel het Ayling oor my broer se – Welbesorgd – gery wat tussen Ganskuil en Holfontein geleë is. Waar Ayling sou “verdwaal” het is tussen Welverdiendstat, Witfonteinstat, Kayakulu, Mabeskraal, Koedoesfontein en tientalle meer – so as die perde verdwaal het moes hulle êrens gaan water soek het of uitgehou het. Ek vermoed dat Ayling op sy perd geskiet was – hy was verwond en het ‘n skoot afgevuur op sy aanvaller(s). Die aanvaller(s) het dood eenvoudig die perde gevang en met die pad na Botswana, plus minus 50 km verder, en is nooit weer gesien nie. Die moordenaar(s) kon daar die middag al in Botswana gewees het. Waar is die tjeks gewissel??? Ag! Ek het persoonlik al daardie stamkapteins geken en hulle sou beslis enige moontlike leidrade aan die polisie gerapporteer het. Die saak is net swak ondersoek. Onthou gedurende die Anglo Boere-oorlog is baie Boere deur Swartes met gewere in die Limpopo-provinsie doodgeskiet! Tydens ondersoeke deur die Engelse is net gesê dat die Boere van die Swartes doodgeskiet het en vergelding die sake gesluit het. Hierdie voorval het nie in Noordwes-provinsie plaasgevind. Ayling se graf (waar is sy skoene?) waar hy begrawe is, is op die plaas Ganskuil. Waar die ou polisiestasie was, omtrent ‘n myl aan die regterkant in die rigting van Rustenburg. Toe ek daar was, het die plaas aan ‘n ene Willem Zastron behoort. Die plaas het sedertdien verskeie kere van eienaar verwissel. Al die mense wat ek daar geken het en wat kon help om die graf uit te wys is dood. Die graf is in die Dwaalboom polisiewyk. Groete, Gawie Richter 49

Sketse uit die Lewe van Mens en Dier â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Eugene Marais

My Swak Geheue van 47-jaar Gelede: Brig Fanie Bouwer Ek het hieraan begin skryf gedagtig aan die feit dat Joao 'Jan' Rodrigues moet teregstaan op 'n aanklag van moord op ene Timol. Ek het onder op hierdie blad iewers daaroor berig. Ek keer nĂĄ dit terug verder ondertoe, maar ek wil eers 'n storie van my eie vertel, wat eventueel lei na die geregtelike ondersoek in Johannesburg in 1972 rondom Timol se dood by John Vorster Plein polisiestasie. Daar in die 60's-70's het van ons plattelandse polisiemanne opgetree as aanklaers in die magistraatshowe. Die Prokureur-Generaal van die provinsie het ons dan skriftelik aangestel. ("Delegasie om te Vervolg") So was ek in 1972 benoem om 'n aanklaerskursus van die departement van justisie se justisieskool in Pretoria by te woon. Dit was een van my grootste voorregte gewees, wat ek vir niks sou wou verruil nie. Die teoretiese gedeelte het ons in Pretoria gedoen. In die praktiese gedeelte is ek en ander na die Johannesburgse landdroshowe verwys. Ek en 'n assistent-landdros van Suidwes-Afrika het vir ons 'n woonstel in die ou Elizabeth hotel (redelik naby die hof) gehuur. En so het ons twee ongetroudes JHB, Hillbrow en ander plekke in ons af-tye 'ondersoek' ... en geniet. Ek kan nie onthou waar die res gebly het nie Nou so 'n paar onthougoed. Ons kursusgangers was 4 per hof ingedeel. Elke hof het 16 sake gekry. So elkeen van ons het 4 sake gekry. 'n Advokaat van die justisieskool was aan ons toegedeel. Hy het langs jou gesit en jou touwys gemaak en van advies bedien soos jy aankla in die hof. Die Timol-geregtelike ondersoek was daar naby in 'n ander hof aan die gang. My belangstelling was meer daar as by my opleiding. Ek het gewoonlik vroeg hof toe gestap en ons hof se 16 dossiere deur gegaan en die 4 maklikstes uit gekies. Dan, as 9-uur aanbreek, en omdat ek al voorheen in howe aangekla het, het ek die ander kursusgangers gevra of ek die dag kan begin in die hof. Elke keer het hulle ingewillig. As ek klaar was met mĂ˝ 4 sake(ies), het ek na die Timol geregtelike ondersoek weg geglip daar elders in die hofgeboue.

En dit is net hier - 47 jaar gelede - waar die fynere 'onthou-detail' ter sprake kom soos wat 'n onlangse hofbeslissing verwag dat Joao 'Jan' Rodrigues homself op 'n aanklag van moord moet verdedig. Ek dink dit is absurd, onmoontlik én onregverdig. Ek is so 10+ jaar jonger as hy. Maar wat onthou ek bv. van die geregtelike ondersoek-verhoor? Geen fynere detail nie, maar slegs sulke vae 'onthougoed', soos die Namakwalander sal sê. Ek onthou vaagweg: - Landdros De Villiers, so 'n hiperaktiewe ou op die bank; - Brigadier Buys (later generaal) wat vir ure lank ondervra word, selfs verder die volgende dag; - die ywerige advokaat - was dit QI Maisels? - vir die Timol-familie - dat ek nie veel van die getuies se spesifieke getuienis kan onthou nie; en - dat ek tog kan onthou dat die Landdros bevind het dat niemand vir Timol se dood verantwoordelik gehou kan word nie. Ek noem hierdie dinge, suiwer omdat ek wat nog helder van verstand is, sukkel om detail-feite van 40+ jare gelede in besonderhede te kan onthou. Nou vra ek: Wat het die regter wat nou die dag anders laat besluit het, tot só 'n bevinding laat kom? Het die Timol-familie se openbare kampanje, gerugsteun deur sekere venynige elemente in die media, veroorsaak dat die hof perdalks sy objektiwiteit verloor het in die proses? Ek dink so.

Eugene de Kock se Kunsuitstalling: Anemari Jansen 8 Junie 2019 was ‘n groot dag vir Eugene de Kock, in meer as een opsig. Aan die een kant was dit die kunsuitstalling by die Blos Café in Faerie Glen. Agtien oorspronklike werke van Eugene is uitgestal. Om soveel skilderye van verkoopbare gehalte te maak, sit nie in enigeen se broek nie. Skilderwerk verg deursettingsvermoë sowel as kreatiwiteit. Aan die ander kant was dit ‘n persoonlike hoogtepunt vir Eugene, ‘n fokuspunt in die herstelfase van sy lewe. Kunsonderwyseres Rina Burger werp meer lig op die afgelope jaar se bedrywighede. Sy en Eugene werk een maal per week vir twee tot drie ure aan sy skilderwerk. “Dit was ‘n buitengewone belewenis, soos ‘n skoenlapper wat uit ‘n papie ontsnap,” vertel sy. “Van ‘n man wat angsbevange vra, ‘Hoe hou ek die kwas vas, waar moet ek verf, hoe meng mens kleure,’ tot ‘n mens wat vol selfvertroue sy eie kwashale vertrou. Die skilderjaar het vir Eugene die geleentheid gebied om self geld te verdien en met ‘n regop rug die wêreld te trotseer. Rina en Eugene bespreek tans sy volgende temas en beplan ‘n volgende uitstalling vroeg in 2020. Baie dankie aan elkeen wat ‘n skildery aangeskaf het – die dag het in ‘n heerlike kuiersessie ontaard en hy het byna alles verkoop. Persone wat belangstel om kuns by Rina Burger te neem, kan Anemari Jansen per e-pos kontak. Anemari Jansen: skrywer van Eugene de Kock: Sluipmoordenaar vir die Staat. anemari@koorsboom.co.za

Toe elke dag nog Vadersdag was... Nico Moolman DAD. You gave me Life my Dad, The best a child could ever had… You saved the best of times for me… It’s with your eyes I learned …to see! ttttttttttt You watched me taking my first step, Sure footed you were there! You carried me when I got tired… You did it…cause you care! ttttttttttt Dad…I love you oh so much… Your smile, your comforting touch Whenever I see you close and near… Each glance a lasting souvenir! ttttttttttt Dad, …may I ask a secret please? How can you pass through life…with ease? You’re always so content… With mom as your best friend! 55

Dad…I know the truth… You have everlasting…youth! ttttttttttt Nico Moolman

Sersant Moolman, Nico Moolman en mev Moolman. Sersant Moolman van Ermelo het applikant Johan van der Merwe – later kommissaris - se aansoek om lid van die Mag te word, hanteer.

Oranje Vrijstaat Rijdende Dienstmacht (Die polisie van die ou Vrystaatse Boere republiek.) Zetef du Plessis

’n Manskap – onbekend- van die OVSRDM.

1890â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bobbies in Durban | Voorstelling van Bobbies in Londen 150 jaar gelede Foto links: Daily News (Durban) 21 Oktober 1989. Foto regs: Daily Mail (Mail on Line) (Londen) 2019.

1899: Dutch Volunteer Police: Pretoria: Zetef du Plessis

Colouring by Jennifer Bosch. Photo furnished by Zetef du Plessis.

Brig LK Knox: Eastern Cape: RSM CS Brown (E Cape)

RSM Craig Stuart Brown writes: Front Mrs Lorna Thelma Knox nee McGregor, and Brig Louw Kruger Knox. Back Lorita Alice Bryden nee Knox her husband, Gary was a member of the Band The Bats, was also part of Biltong and Pot Roast, with Frank Terrance Knox (with beard) served with the SAP and Kirsten Errol Knox also SAP, had the Police Medal for Combating Terrorism their middle son passed away from cancer, he was Derek Trevor Knox also served SAP. 59

Lt.Col Knox – 1973 – CO Plumtree, Rhodesia. The Brig’s medals include a Transkei Medal

The Brig at 90 and the CSM, Mr Craig Stuart Brown, who sent in the photo-article about Brig Knox. 60

2006: Mr. Adriaan Vlok: The Truth Has Set Him Free! Another miracle for South Africa – A modern story of obedience to the Lord! Mr. Adriaan Vlok and Hennie Heymans had known one another from the 1980’s, from the days of the ‘Total Onslaught’ when they both worked at the Secretariat of the State Security Council in Pretoria. Mr. Adriaan Vlok was then both Deputy Minister of Defence and Law & Order charged specifically with the National Security Management System. Later during the turbulent 1990’s they again worked together: Mr. Vlok then as police minister and the author back in uniform as District Commissioner in Welkom. Mr. Vlok officially visited Welkom often and spoke to various community leaders on the Free State Gold Fields e.g. Mr C Ramaphosa (who was then attached to NUM.) The author was privy to these discussions. Today many of these people are prominent leaders in Government and Commerce. Here is Mr. Vlok’s remarkable but true story. Naturally there are two factions amongst the former policemen. Some former SAP members support Mr. Vlok while others disagree strongly with him. He had to face many direct questions raised by former policemen in the media. Mr. Vlok held a frank discussion with Heymans on this complex subject and gave frank and honest answers.

• This is Mr. Adriaan Vlok’s remarkable and true story Introduction The first miracle took place when ‘Old’ South Africa transformed into a post-Apartheid ‘New’ South Africa. There was relatively little bloodshed, violence and intimidation. The ‘Old’ South African security forces managed this transformation process loyally and best they could under the given circumstances. There was no bloody revolution! No coup d’etat! It was rather an evolutionary process managed by very able statesmen and politicians on both sides of the political spectrum. The SA Security forces were the power behind the throne. Today’s killings, violent crime, hijackings, escapes from custody and corruption are so endemic that it is not a patch on the happenings during transformation. Even with all these adverse factors today, South Africa may still boast that it has a legally elected democratic and representative government. Although South Africa has its present problems we are not in total turmoil. The Government still has to mobilize its power and has to forcefully demonstrate its will of zero tolerance to crime. (This was written in 2006)

• Amnesty However, one problem and burning question remains. Amnesty. Unlike our neighbours in Namibia and Zimbabwe, no general amnesty was declared. This issue is not simplistic. We have to accept so-called ‘Death Squads’ and ‘Freedom Fighters’ who killed for political purposes. To put it mildly – various interested parties in the Liberation war killed for political gain. Elimination of opponents, intimidation and terror tactics were used. Each group had its own agenda. The result: There are families, victims and survivors on both sides. There are missing brothers, sisters, sons, daughters, fathers and mothers. The bereaved are looking for their remains, bones and graves. They want to know what happened to their relatives. Others want to talk to the murderers of their families. There are farmers who want to meet the murderers of their parents – they want to forgive and forget! Many people want to close the books and get on with their lives. Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC) Contrary to public belief, Mr. Adriaan Vlok has given evidence before the TRC. He has received full amnesty for all the political crimes he has applied amnesty for. 61

Here is how this remarkable, and to some sceptics, an unlikely story began.

• 28th of July 1994: Mr Vlok’s personal tragedy During 1994 Mr. Adriaan Vlok left the political arena. On the 28th of July 1994 his good wife, Corrie, passed away. This was a terrible personal blow to him. He knew what it was like to lose a loved one. The Good Lord then ‘turned him’. (Verbatim: God het hom gedraai). He started to do Bible study. He became involved with the Gideon’s. The Gideon’s are internationally responsible for the distribution of Bible’s. Through his Bible study he discovered that God spoke to him through the Bible. He believes the Bible is the undisputed word of God.

• Rev Frank Chikane Since 1998 he has been involved with discussions with Rev. Frank Chikane. These discussions centre on unfinished state and political matters. Mr. Vlok came to know Rev Chikane well. Rev. Chikane was employed in the office of the then President, Mr Thabo Mbeki, as Director-General.

• The (Nine) Mothers of Mamelodi Some few years ago Mr. Vlok received a telephone call from a doctoral student, Ms. Bridgid Hess, who had contact with the mothers of ten youths of Mamelodi that disappeared during the struggle. It was brought under his attention that the mothers are anxious to find the remains of their sons. He agreed to talk to the ‘Mamelodi Mothers’. Catalyst On the 3rd July 2006 a religious article appeared in the Afrikaans daily Die Beeld. The article by Dr. Stephan Joubert was entitled: Life-enriching feet-washing session. The gist of the article is about a tough, former SA Air Force pilot, Pine Pienaar, who flew aircraft commercially all over Africa. One day Pine met the Lord head-on. To make a long story short Pine decided to humble him and wash the feet of his old faithful servant. A few days later she related to him that she had intended to resign the very same day he washed her feet because of painful arthritis. Instead her feet were healed while Pine got healed on the inside. She told her congregation of the miracle and they were waiting for him at Mamelodi to come and wash their feet…… This article acted as catalyst in Vlok’s life, it touched his heart. Book: Saam met Petrus op Pad On the 18th July 2006 Mr. Vlok bought the above religious Afrikaans book. A translation would read something like: Along with St Peter on the Way. According to Mr. Vlok, he realised for the first time, the deeper symbolic meaning of the act of washing somebody’s feet was that one had to get rid oneself of all pride, superiority, arrogance, anger, hatred and self-centredness and humble oneself before the Lord and a fellow human being that you have wronged. Further that Christ was King and all-important and that he, Adriaan Vlok as a person, was nothing! Once he came to realise what the deeper and symbolic meaning really was to wash somebody’s feet - he simply had to obey and follow the example set by Christ! 28th July 2006: 12th Anniversary This was the 12th anniversary of Mrs Corrie Vlok’s death. Her death has touched him deeply and he and his family were upset on this day. As it may be realised, it was a difficult and traumatic day for the Vlok Family.

• RSG: 31st July 2006 On the 31st of July 2006 Mr. Adriaan Vlok was listening to Radio Sonder Grense (RSG) – the Afrikaans station of the SA Broadcasting Corporation. He listened to the sermon broadcast at 09:55. The preacher was the Ds. Willie Goosen from the Dutch Reformed Church Aasvoëlkop. The scripture reading was taken from John 13 verses 1 – 17. This scripture reading was about 62

how Christ washed the feet of his disciples. The Lord hath spoken The Lord spoke to Adriaan Vlok and laid it on his heart to wash the feet of those whom were already known to him i.e. Rev Frank Chikane and the Mothers of Mamelodi. He fully realises the symbolism of Christ’s deed. He knew he had to deny and humble himself. (Verbatim: Hy wèèt toe, dat hy homself moet prysgee.) In his own words: The circle was now complete. The stage was set and he had to obey the Lord.

• Rev Frank Chikane Mr. Vlok then decided to phone Reverend Frank Chikane’s office in order to make an appointment. On the 1st August 2006 at 16:00 he received a call from Thandi, secretary to the Reverend. Mr. Vlok could see to Reverend at 17:00 for a few minutes. Mr. Vlok was in Eldorainge, some kilos from the Union Buildings, and it was raining. Traffic was heavy and slow mowing. He raced to Pretoria but there was no way he could be punctual. At five-to-five Mr. Vlok phoned Rev. Chikane’s office and fortunately a former policeman called Nicolaas, who knew the former minister from Hammanskraal, answered the phone. He promised to keep the Reverend in his office until Mr. Vlok arrived. Drama, drama. At five past five Mr. Vlok ran into Rev Chikane’s office who wanted to leave for another appointment. The Feet-washing ceremony In his attaché case Mr. Vlok had two towels, a plastic bowl and a Bible suitably inscribed. He did not want to use a metal bowl as he foresaw problems at gaining entry to the Union Buildings with a strange metal object in his attaché case, therefore a simple plastic basin. Mr. Vlok said he was inhibited in his actions because he was late for his appointment and the Reverend had to be elsewhere. The atmosphere was not conducive to feet washing. He started to talk to the Reverend about how the Reverend was treated in the past by the Apartheid structures and that he, Vlok, wanted to present Rev. Chikane with a Bible. The Bible was inscribed as follows: I have sinned against the Lord – And against you Please forgive me A Vlok Ps 51 Acts 8:1 Acts 22:20. Mr. Vlok said the conversation was soon over. He could not overstay his welcome. He pondered whether to leave or to obey God’s command. He felt awkward because there was a civil servant present with a notebook. He prayed in his heart. What will the people think? When he now tells people about this humble experience they weep. Mr. Vlok talked about apartheid and confessed that the cardinal sin of the whole apartheid policy was the loveless-ness (verbatim: liefeloosheid) of it. From this policy followed the whole plethora of harsh apartheid measures. After a while and through the Grace of the Lord, Mr. Vlok requested Rev. Chikane to allow him to wash his feet. Rev. Chikane was stunned, but when he saw that Mr. Vlok was serious and adamant he agreed. It was an emotional and very private affair between two of God’s children. They both prayed with emotion and they then parted. On the 10th of August 2006 Mr. Vlok and Rev. Chikane spoke again about this ‘historic’ event. Mr. Adriaan Vlok did not want the issue to enter the public domain. Rev. Chikane said that he, Chikane, had already disclosed this event to his unbelieving congregation in Naledi. (Naledi is a township in Soweto.) Rev. Chikane then produced the Bible he received from Mr. Vlok as 63

evidence of the event to his congregation. This led to much emotion during the sermon. Mr. Vlok then said that the Reverend had to manage the issue further. Mr. Vlok tells me then he remembered the mothers of Mamelodi. He had not obeyed God as far as they were concerned! On the 21st August 2006 Ms. Hess phoned him and said the ‘Mothers of Mamelodi wanted to see him. An appointment for the 25th August 2006 was made. During a touching ceremony (verbatim: aandoenlike) the feet of the mothers were washed. This news broke on the 26th August 2006. Commenting Mr. Vlok said this was not ‘crawling in front of the mothers’ (verbatim: kruipery), but obedience to the Lord Almighty. I asked Mr. Vlok whether he owes me an apology. He immediately answered: Yes! We used you and your colleagues to enforce the then Government’s Apartheid policy. (Verbatim: Ons het die SAP gebruik om apartheid instand te hou.) I then took my file on Mr. Vlok – we ‘old’ policemen love to keep files – and we discussed some of the letters that appeared in the Media on this subject. Mr. Vlok then reiterated that he did appear before the TRC and that he laid the foundation so that policemen could apply for amnesty. On the question of corporate guilt or corporate forgiveness Mr. Vlok is emphatic – he did what he did for himself and himself alone. He told me that he followed Christ’s example. He says that the scripture in Joh 13 is a command (‘gebiedend’) and there is no choice. However, one issue still worries him. This is the question of the remains of victims. People want to find the remains of their kith and kin. People want to talk to the murderers of their people and give forgiveness. We then discussed the possibility of some kind of bureau that could act as middleman and furnish information and bring people together. We went on to talk about other events. The death of Mr PW Botha. The actions and response by the then President Mbeki and Rev. Frank Chikane in this matter. The government order that flags should fly half-mast! The attendance of Mr Botha’s funeral by President Mbeki. The fact that Mr PW Botha has received some form of recognition for his attempts to bring about change. The beautiful words and understanding as portrayed by the President Mbeki himself in his ANC Today dated 8 – 14 September 2006. • Comments by Author Mr. Adriaan Vlok is truly a changed man. He is NOT the Vlok who was the tough Minister of Police whom I knew. He is humble and sincere. Christ and the Truth have set him completely free. He is full of a special kind of Christ-filled joy! He has peace of mind. Today he is a servant of the Lord. He gives all honour and glory to the Lord. He is not seeking sensation neither is this a political trick to get him off the hook! Answering a question, he laughed only as a free man can and said they can take him and break him, but he is free and will remain free forever! A touching, remarkable and memorable interview with historical implications. • • •

Read the section “Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch” under the heading “The Police and the Press.” The interview with Mr Vlok took place on 20 November 2006. It’s history now. I have since seen Mr. Vlok several times and he is still a devoted Christian. Photo – HB Heymans. We would like to hear your comments on this remarkable honest story - HBH

SA RAILWAYS POLICE | SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE

Altyd op diens ...

“7-down pausing for the ritual exchange of engines at Beaufort West c 1950” – Mr Charlie Lewis. (Toestemming om foto te gebruik by mnr Charlie Lewis gekry.) In die “ou dae” het mens veilig op die trein gery – vandag is dit ‘n ander saak! Ons het nie meer stasies oor nie, net groot belangrike spoorwegstasies het oorgebly. Geen mens kan vandag met die Metro-trein tussen Pretoria en Johannesburg of tussen Springs oor Johannesburg na Randfontein reis nie. In die Kaap is dit ook gevaarlik om bv. tussen Kaapstad en Stellenbosch te reis met die Metro-treine! Die spoorwegpolisie van ouds het ‘n reuse taak vervul. Na die SASPOL onttrek is en met die SAP saamgesmelt het, het die SAS met rasse skrede agteruit geboer. Slegs blokvragte word vandag aangebied. Geen lewende hawe of pakkies per trein nie. Daar is die Bloutrein en enkele passasierstreine oor. Selfs in Pretoria het min passasierstreine oorgebly! 65

1975: SA Spoorwegpolisie in Suidwes ontvang Toekennings: Me Yolanda Meyer

1978 Bospadda: Veelsydige Pantserwa

1981 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1982: South African Railways Police Force: General Manager Report: Ms Yolanda Meyer

1975 - 1985: South African Railways Police: Special Task Force: Paratus: Ms Y Meyer

Source: Paratus December 1985 page 12.

Source: Paratus December 1985 page 13. 72

2019: Waar is die SA Spoorwegpolisie? Hannetjie Terblanche Schoeman

Oorhoofse kabels word gesteel en die trein kan nie ry nie. Let op die skade aan die lokomotiewe se pantograwe. Dis ‘n jammerlike gesig om ‘n passasierstrein te sien wat nie verder kan ry nie. Foto’s deur Hannetjie Terblanche Schoeman. 75

MILITARY HISTORY | KRYGSGESKIEDENIS

Gen JC Smuts

General Jan Smuts and General Maharaja Gangha Singh of Bikaner inspect troops in London, 1917. Both men were members of the Imperial War Cabinet. The venue looks like the Horse Guards Building, but I'm open to correction. The troops being inspected seem like veterans - I'd like to think one or two of them might even have been even old foes of Smuts' in the ABW! Interesting to note that Smuts is wearing no medal ribbons. And yes, South African Generals wore blue gorget patches and cap bands in WW1! Photo: IWM. Colourised by https://www.facebook.com/PhotoRedux

W. Minott and Sons: Capt A van Ellinckhuyzen (SAPS) It is written that more than Seventeen Million people lost their lives during the Great War, with another Twenty Million being wounded. More than One Hundred and Forty-Nine Thousand South 76

Africans served during the “Great War” with more than Eighteen Thousand casualties and more than Six Thousand Six Hundred who had lost their lives. William John “Willie” Minott was born in Fordsburg, in Johannesburg on the 12th of June 1895, and he was baptised in Fordsburg on the 30th of June of that same year. Willie’s father was William Minott, a Barber and the owner of a Greengrocer and General Dealer store “W. Minott and Son” on the corners of High and Utrecht streets in Vryheid. William Minott was born in 1858 in Birmingham, in England, and he left England for South Africa when he was 20 years old, in the year 1878, and he celebrated his 21st birthday after only being in South Africa for about 6 months. William Minott was a veteran of the “Zulu War”. He joined General Buller’s Light Horse Regiment in Pietermaritzburg in 1879, and he fought throughout the Zulu War, also taking part in the battles of Hlobane and Kambula, near Vryheid, when Vryheid town was not even yet properly established. William also fought in the Matabele campaign, and in the Anglo Boer War under General Kitchener. When peace was declared in 1902, William Settled in Vryheid. Three of William’s sons fought in the Great War, in which one of them paid the supreme price in Belgium in 1917.

William and Augusta Catherine Minott

William married Augusta Catherine Burg on the 30th of October 1893 in Johannesburg. He passed away at his family home in Vryheid on the 26th of August 1929, and his funeral service was conducted by Reverend Mundy, from the Church of England, at the Minott residence in Deputation Street, and he was laid to rest in the Vryheid Cemetery. Among the many Vryheid couples who attended the funeral, was a young Mr. and Mrs. Norman-Smith, who would later tragically also lose one of their sons, Lt. Peter-Ian Norman-Smith, during the Korean War in 1951. Willie’s mother Augusta, known in the family as Alpha, was born in 1871 in North Shields in England. Augusta died on the 29th of March 1950 in the Charlotte Collins Sanatorium in Johannesburg, after she had suffered from her heart and Parkinson’s disease. After her death, Augusta Catherine, who had been resident in Rietfontein Road in Boksburg at the time, was laid to rest in the West Park Cemetery in Johannesburg. Augusta’s 50% share in the general dealer store “W. Minott and Son”, in Vryheid, was inherited by her son Norman Minott. Willie Minott was the eldest of seven siblings, with the six others being: 77

• • • • • •

Alice Magdalene Minott (born 1896). It is suspected that she may have died at a very young age as nothing of her is known by the Minott family; Edgar Edward Minott (born 1898), a Bricklayer from Vryheid, who was married to Edith White; Alpha Catherine Gresty, born Minott, who was married to Dick Gresty. Alpha and Dick were divorced in later years; Oliver Valentine Minott (born 1900), a storekeeper at Paulpietersburg, who was married to a school teacher, Charlotte Florence MacKirdge; Norman Minott (born 1902), who was married to Grace Doris Barry, and he owned W. Minott and Son, in Vryheid for years; Eleanor Olive Gresty, born Minott, married to a Carpenter, George Harry “Buff” Gresty of Vryheid.

Willie joined the South African Oversea Expeditionary Force on the 19th of August 1915 in Potchefstroom. At that time, he was 20 years old, single, and a clerk by profession. 78

After receiving military training in England, Private William John Minott embarked at Davenport on the 29th of December 1915, on board the RMS Saxonia, and he arrived in Alexandria in Egypt on the 12th of January 1916. On the 12th of April 1916, Minott left Alexandria on board the SS Megantic, and again disembarked at Marseilles in France on the 20th of April 1916. Private Willie Minott was wounded in battle, on the 18th of December 1916, and after he had spent some time in a field hospital, he re-joined his regiment on the 7th of January 1917. On 20 September 1917, Willie Minott was killed in action during the battle of Menin Road in Belgium. Private William John Minott, of the South African Infantry Third Regiment, was a member of the St Peter’s Congregation in Vryheid. His initials are engraved on a Silver Chalice, and on a bronze plaque which is on display inside the church. His name is engraved on the Ypres Menin Gate Memorial to the missing, in Belgium, and on the Great War Memorial in Vryheid. A bronze plaque in the St. Peters Anglican church in Vryheid reads as follows: “In proud and affectionate memory of those members of the congregation who lost their lives in the cause of Justice and Freedom during the Great War. 1914 – 1918. Herbert Eminson. Willie Minott. Eric Lightening. Egbert Northern.” Lest we forget

South Africa and 75th Anniversary of D-Day: Dr Rodney Warwick The 75th Anniversary of D-Day – the 6 June 1944 Allied invasion of France - passed us by on Thursday; but this is no forgotten battle; not least because a whole generation globally, more young than old, continue to primarily draw their historical reference points and understandings from Hollywood films. And there are few more successful than Saving Private Ryan, released in 1998; particularly its opening 27 minutes - the horrifically realistic portrayal of the initially disastrous American troop landings at one chosen shoreline site - above which today is situated the magnificent Normandy American Cemetery, directly overlooking Omaha Beach.

Three years ago, I had the opportunity of experiencing European war history tourism and visited selected World Wars sites in France. As a South African grimly resigned to the ignorance, neglect and even deliberate desecration of historical sites, I was immediately struck by the utmost care if 79

not reverence, the French state tourist and private industry copiously market the historical memory of twentieth century battles waged on their soil; but besides numerous markers, museums, memorials and surviving war installations; a core component of studying military history at battlefield site level are visits to military cemeteries.

It is here above Omaha Beach where I observed the strongest evidence of a mingled distant grief/remembrance/and omnipresent, openly brandished patriotism – the spontaneous singing by American tourists – mostly white, middle aged and elderly - of their national anthem, directly after a guided tour. But perhaps also, considering this was the 2016 American presidential election year – I was also witnessing the unconscious defiance of a currently powerful post-modernist western world social/political perspective – the identity politics-driven ideological Left - a bulwark of the Democratic Party’s support - markedly hostile towards any display, rightly or wrongly perceived as supportive of a predominantly white historical (American) national identity. Official Western government endorsed military ceremonial commemorations of war sacrifices retain immutable cultural power which even identity politics cannot budge, despite the latter’s profound influence on many media agencies and much mainstream opinion. Besides of course at D-Day, Nazi Germany and all it represented was the enemy. Operation Overlord, of which D-Day was the troop landing and beach-head establishment stage, was a vast military enterprise quite unlike anything attempted before. The United States Navy, Air Force and Marines had already been Pacific “island-hopping” for nearly 24 months; systematically ejecting the Japanese from their short-lived conquests; but in equipment variety/strengths/manpower numbers, let alone the planning complexity, not least given the necessary Anglo-American co-operation, the Normandy landings were on a unique scale; logistically and numerically. On paper at least it would have seemed the Germans faced a predicament; they had no effective naval of air power to prevent the English Channel crossing by a massive Allied Armada - 6939 vessels – which would arrive in calculated batches – 1213 of which were warships. Allied aircraft 80

ruled the skies; 12 000 aircraft of all types on the invasion day alone, against the Luftwaffe’s 300 fighters. Much German air, armour and artillery resources particularly, remained concentrated on the Eastern Front against the Soviets, or in defending against massive British and American bombing of German cities – officially on economic and military targets, but also indisputably to kill and wound civilians too, breaking their morale, or so Allied political leaders and military commanders envisaged. At D-Day and during the following days, it was the hapless French civilians of Normandy who would also perish in scores, but as “collateral damage”.

But realistically, the odds were by no means at all exclusively in the Allies favour; Overlord’s Supreme Commander, American General Dwight Eisenhower had already prepared for the worst, he secretly penning a short communique, acknowledging D-Day’s failure, accepting full responsibility then placed the note in his wallet. A poorly executed and protracted landing could be a disaster against the best of German troops with their most effective equipment – principally armour - mustered at the right place and time. The German commanders knew well the inevitability of the mass Allied amphibious invasion; preparations thereof in southern England could hardly be concealed – but unfortunately for the Germans there was no certainty over the intended location nor exact day. Bitter dissention existed in the German High Command over strategic planning; Field Marshall Von Rundstedt, Oberbefehlshaber Wes, which including considerable troops in the French south facing the plausibility of attack from the Mediterranean, had part-pinned his hopes on the Atlantic Wall. This comprised a lengthy coastal network overlooking the obvious landing points; consisting of steel reinforced concrete bunkers equipped in total with around 170 artillery pieces; besides numerous machine guns; the beaches were mined and entangled with barbed wire and anti-tank obstacles.

The Sherman tank “memorial” is at Sword Beach (actually the tank is in the markings of the Free French forces) Von Rundstedt had received Field Marshall Erwin Rommel to command Army Group B – those forces west of the Loire River - all told around 50 000 men. But for a counter-attack, Rommel’s most crucial asset had to be the six armoured divisions; their importance further endorsed because Von Rundstedt’s infantry was hardly mobile and his artillery largely horse-drawn. Tanks obviously had off-road capability and therefore some concealment potential, but that infantry transport available would be confined to roads or the French railways, both appallingly vulnerable to Allied air supremacy. It was on the deployment of these crucial panzers where Von Rundstedt and Rommel differed entirely; the former quietly accepted the coastal defences alone would not sustain; but could break 82

the Allied landings momentum and cohesion; long enough for armour and mobile reserves to consolidate and launch the decisive response. Rommel repeatedly maintained that the unchallenged Allied aircraft would place such a force at risk of annihilation, long before it reached the landing ground. Instead he forcefully argued the panzers had to be at the beaches, multiplying German options and firepower. The problem was where…? The Allied Intelligence agencies had successfully deceived both commanders that Calais was main attack objective – lying over 300 kilometres north-east of Normandy. Hitler resolved this serious eleventh hour dispute, splitting the six armoured divisions direct commands between both Field Marshalls; Rommel decided to place one of his three, the 21st Panzer Division at Normandy, but Von Runstedt’s tanks were now located too far east; and to be moved only with the Fuhrer’s express permission; further bedevilling Rommel’s strategic assessment; this and the Calais deception were to be decisive. While Allied Overlord Supreme Commander Eisenhower’s talents were strategic as opposed to tactical (he had never even personally experienced combat); operational command for landing and establishing the beach “foothold” was the job of British World War One veteran and former Desert War commander, Field Marshall Montgomery. Normandy had no ports, therefore two artificial floating harbours (mulberries) – still visible off-shore today – would be towed and moored once the beaches were secured. The Allies were determined to avoid another 1915 Gallipoli - the British and ANZAC disaster against the Turks – it had been Churchill’s conception and was now his DDay nightmare.

A German bunker from the Atlantic Wall – probably smashed by an Allied bomb or naval shell There would be excessively heavy prior naval and air bombardment of the beaches; 5 battleships, 2 monitors, 23 cruisers and 104 destroyers were allocated therefore; while a thousand Dakota 83

aircraft would transport one British and two American airborne divisions – both glider and parachute deployed - securing the beachhead flanks and destroying the closest bridges, thereby impeding rapid German counter-attack. Amongst the American paratroopers, eve of battle rituals included shaving their heads, with some deciding to leave a strip of hair down the middle in a Red Indian Mohican style; it contributed to German rumours that American troops had been recruited from Sing-Sing prison. Critically, Bombing would wreck and crater all further inland rail and road/bridge infra-structure; Von Rundsedt’s infantry rapid re-deployment capacity – already limited - would be almost totally nullified. Allied heavy bombers – RAF Lancaster bombers and American Flying Fortresses - were temporarily diverted from operations over Germany. Heavy bombers continued to be used in ground support roles even after the landings; in one shocking, little reported incident, 111 American troops were killed by their own aircraft, including Lieutenant-General Lesley McNair who had just arrived as an observer from Washington – the highest-ranking American soldier killed in Europe. Initial Allied landing would come from six divisions, two of each from American, British and Canadian forces respectively; their beaches running west to east code-named Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno (the sole Canadian point) and Sword; this covered around sixty kilometres – in Cape Town’s False Bay such would stretch from Fish Hoek to Gordon’s Bay. Troops would be supported by specialist armour – “swimming” Sherman tanks ringed with a massive float and engine driven propeller, accompanied by a range of mine and obstacle removing tanks. In the final weeks while the simulated bogus Allied attack at Calais continued to be “prepared”; the German commanders via intuition rather than any reliable intelligence, strengthened Normandy; several quality formations were now moved closer, including the excellent 352nd Division above Omaha Beach. Beaches were now to be defended by three instead of two divisions with another in close support; while four instead of three Panzer divisions were positioned nearby. While the German forces included some older men and teenagers; effectively purely garrison troops, these were easily counter-balanced with battle-hardened components from the Eastern Front and fanatical young Nazi SS regiments. The American and Canadians soldiers were magnificently equipped, well trained and physically in excellent shape, but were mostly devoid of any combat experience. The British included numerous North Africa campaign veterans, explicitly courageous; but their hard-prior war experience, sometimes manifested as extreme caution – the men wanted to survive - they carried none of their fathers’ prior 1916 Somme idealism. British troops had something of a trade union-type understanding with their officers; there would be regular times for “brewing up” tea, while different corps stuck to their roles; the infantry would not dig fortifications; that was the Royal Engineers job; such attitudes astounded the more egalitarian Americans. Scattered amongst the British forces were around 800 South Africans; a number were on the Royal Navy minesweepers clearing the landing approaches; others were overhead with the RAF, and there was a large South African officer contingent with the Royal Marines. Most prominent of all was Prime Minister Jan Smuts, his British counterpart Churchill’s closest friend and confidant; on 2 June 1944, in a converted carriage at a railway siding in Hampshire, Smuts was present with three other Commonwealth prime ministers in the highly secret final planning meeting, along with Churchill, Eisenhower and Free French leader De Gaulle. On 12 June Smuts travelled to 84

Normandy with Churchill aboard the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Kelvin; they met Montgomery at his camp; Smuts knowing full well he was quietly obliged to temper his friend’s predilection for challenging military commanders and ignoring their professional prerogatives.

Sir Winston Churchill in the centre and Field Marshal JC Smuts right. During and after D-Day Smuts was an important figure regarding Allied political leaders; the elderly statesman, philosopher, soldier and ardent supporter of the British Commonwealth; after the war he would write the prologue to the United Nations Charter; yet within the forums of this international organisation he had helped found, the racial complexities and political culture of his own country would cause him confusion and disappointment when severely attacked by newly independent India. While back at home a rising generation of Afrikaner nationalist leaders beguiled their own electorate into believing they knew better than this greatest South African. With an almost miraculous break in the weather the invasion went forth; American troops at Utah swept aside their opponents with ease; 23 000 men landed; their casualties being a mere 179; three German battalions surrendered after a short fight. The British and Canadian troops at Sword and Juno were also quickly ashore; the German defenders faring no better than those at Utah, being also disorientated by the British 6th Airborne Division dropping behind them, while elite Royal Marine Commandos supported by “swimming” tanks led the assault. British troops at Gold experienced far more resistance; the “swimming” Shermans were late and infantry casualties heavy; Gunner Charles Wilson recalled: “The beach was strewn… with bits of bodies. One bloke near me was blown in half by a shell and his lower half collapsed in a bloody heap in the sand”. 85

Normandy American Cemetery above Omaha Beach

At Omaha the US 1st Division experienced the worst; opposed by crack troops who made excellent use of the terrain – steep shingle banks looked down while each end of the beach was overlooked by high cliffs – German artillery and machine gun fire swept the shoreline. The “swimming” tanks were launched too far out; many floundered in the surf and sank, drowning their crews; leaving the beleaguered American infantry without heavy weapon support. At one stage American General Bradley seriously considered abandoning the beach; but super-human courage saw the surviving

troops getting off the sand and engaging the enemy. The majority of the 4649 American D-Day casualties were at Omaha – they rest there to this day.

12th of June 1944: Sir Winston Churchill and FM JC Smuts. By 9pm on 6 June, fighting continued but already 140 000 Allied troops were ashore. It was Rommel’s panzer formations which remained the real threat; but of the four divisions, only the 21st at Caen east of Sword was close enough to potentially challenge the landing; and Rommel had taken brief leave to Germany; rushing back to take command. The 21st Panzer were equipped with Mark IV tanks, not the heavy Tigers or Panthers which easily outgunned Allied armour. Their orders were to halt the British advance on Caen – 8 miles from the shore – and fight the beachheads back. Rommel’s subordinate General Marcks told the 22nd Panzer Regiment commander that if the British were not forced out, the war was lost; but the regiment’s Mark IVs encountered the only just landed British Firefly Shermans; equipped with the long 17 pounder gun; the Germans were beaten into retreat, enduring heavy tank losses. 87

This was the last German opportunity to throw back the landing; another Panzer Division – the 12th SS inflicted heavy casualties on the advancing Canadians west of Caen, but failed to capitalize and drive through to the sea. By 13 June the attackers from all six beaches had linked up; the battle now turned to the British and Canadians trying to secure Caen, where French civilian casualties were grimly heavy particularly after RAF bombing on 7 July. The fighting continued with the Allies moving into the bocage – the hedges and bushes criss-crossing the farmland; the struggle remained uncompromising and losses heavy; but the Germans having failed to prevent the D-Day landing, would never again regain any opportunity to force the Allies out of France. Surely the current political acrimony around Brexit, polarised American and German politics and the uncertain future of NATO and American commitment thereto, would have baffled the men who served at D-Day 75 years ago, including those thousands that perished. Viewing the graves and memorials above Omaha Beach and across Normandy, after a through reading of the literature, is an experience well recommended for those who speak frivolously, even contemptuously about the value of history, and particularly that of the West. For all the hideous losses, military and civilian, D-Day was a necessary Western triumph against Nazism – thank goodness the memory and remembrance thereof remains still so powerful within Western historical memory and culture; at this stage the anti-Western identity politics purveyors and “decolonisation” ideologues within have no influence thereon. Acknowledgements by Dr Warwick: • • •

Peter A Dickens Observation Post FB Page Maps: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_landings Colourised photos: https://www.facebook.com/Photo-Redux

Samil 20: Kol. William Marshall

SAW: Groep 34: Welkom: Kapt. En mev. C Rademan

Ingestuur deur kol Willie Louw (SAW) oud-BO van Groep 34 en woonagtig te Jeffreysbaai.

No 81881885BG L/Corp André Dan Mostert - A man who was taken away too soon: Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen (SAPS Vryheid KZN) Left: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen Common Wealth War Grave sites, found near or in just about every town and city in South Africa are mostly Impressive. So also, is the one here in Vryheid’s cemetery. Almost 50 meters in length, green short cut grass, and rows of names on whitewashed crosses and marble stone. So impressive is the one in Vryheid’s cemetery, that it nearly completely obscures the two much smaller, and alone standing, twin like stones, in an area of the grave yard, which some say was meant to be the “Hero’s Acre”. These two stones bear the names of another two young men, who lost their lives during a terrible time in this country’s not so long-ago history. To the left stands the grave of Constable André Nel, who was killed by a hand grenade detonated by a dissident, and the other grave, bears the name of another namesake ……….

André Dan Mostert was born in Johannesburg on Sunday the 3rd of May 1964. His mother is Maria Magdalena “Miems” Ebersohn ex Mostert born Van Heerden, and his father was Daniël Jakobus “Dan” Mostert. Dan Mostert was once a Sergeant in the South African Police, who served in the Flying Squad, as well as the Fingerprints Department, and once also attached to the Brixton Murder and Robbery Unit. André started his schooling career in 1970 at “Laerskool Vastrap” in Rustenburg, in the North West Province, and in Vryheid he attended Nuwe Republiek Primary School. The Mostert family lived on the Van Heerden’s plot at Eensgevonden outside Vryheid, for almost 30 years, and André matriculated from Vryheid High School in 1981. At High School he participated in sports such as athletics, cross country running and rugby. André’s mother Miems, who now lives in Pretoria, says that André had a passion for nature, spent hours on his red Honda MB50 motor bike, and he loved horses. In 1982 the 18-year-old André joined the South African Defence Force, and he received training at the SADF Equestrian Centre in Potchefstroom. He was later stationed at the operational unit in Okatopi in Namibia where his unit patrolled the “Kaplyn” (Namibian/Angolan border line) on horseback, and on motor cycles. On the 24th of November 1983, Lance Corporal André Dan Mostert of the South West Africa Specialised Mounted Infantry Unit, died as a result of a military motor vehicle accident, less than 40 days to “Uitklaar” (the end of his compulsory two-year military service), at Opuwa in Kaokaland. Miems says that André had hitched a ride in a broken down Buffel armoured car that was being towed to a nearby town in order for him to see a dentist, when the Buffel overturned, and André was critically injured. Miems says that an Air Force helicopter was sent to ferry André to a hospital, but that her son had passed away at the very moment that the helicopter lifted off at the accident scene, with him in it. André had four brothers, named Danie, Bertus, Jean and Quintin, and it was a double blow for the Mostert family when, only 15 months after the death of André, Jean Mostert died in a tragic shooting accident. On 22 February 2017 Ninian Barrie wrote: “André Dan Mostert reported to the SADF Equestrian Centre in Potchefstroom in 1982 for his two-year compulsory military service. He was in Platoon 2. I was one of his Platoon Sergeants. André received training in infantry as well as in specialised mounted infantry. I got to know him very well and saw him grow from one who had just finished matric to a soldier that was capable of defending his country. He was a very proud person, and also very humble, and was respected by his peers. He showed good leadership and was also an outstanding athlete when it came to the dreaded 2,4 km runs. He loved his horse, and never hesitated to ask for guidance. He was one of the best soldiers that I ever knew. Greetings. Ninian Barry.” On 22 February 2017 Nantes van Rensburg wrote: “Till today I can still remember his military number, yet I don’t know the reason for that. So, let me start there. 81881885BG AD Mostert. In 1982 we started together at the SADF Equestrian Centre with our two-year National military service. He was a good and pleasant person. What I will always remember about him was how proud he was about his mother and how dearly he loved her. I do not think anyone in our platoon could find fault with him. He was very proud, and very neat, and after one of our inspections he received an extra weekend pass because his locker and clothing was found to be so neat. He was a great athlete who always came first during the 2,4 km runs, and not just for our platoon, but first out of all four platoons. He was a section leader in the Mounted Unit, and all had respect for him. I 90

do not know the exact cause of his death, but I know that it came as a huge shock to us all. On the day that we heard of his death there was not one of us who did not cry. He was a man who was taken away too soon and who will never be forgotten.” Lance Corporal André Dan Mostert’s remains were brought home to Vryheid, and he was buried with semi-military honours from the “Wes-Kerk” in Vryheid. He was laid to rest in the Vryheid Cemetery. His name is engraved on the War Memorial in Vryheid. Lest we forget.

A rare photo of André with his mother, two brothers and his father Dan Mostert.

André and his horse during an operational patrol. Following pictures: Once again André on horseback “somewhere’ in the operational area. André in an army tent 91

Last post!

Missing at Sea: Lt. Michiel Johan Wichardt Brummer: SAAF & RAF: Capt A van Ellinckhuyzen (Vryheid KZN)

“Over these, and neighbouring lands, and seas the airmen whose names are recorded here fell in raid or sortie, and have no known grave. Malta, Gibraltar, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Tunisia, Sicily, Italy, Yugoslavia, Austria. An Island resolute of purpose remembers resolute men”. Left: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen The Malta Memorial is a commemorative war memorial monument to 2298 Commonwealth Airmen who lost their lives in various WWII air battles in the Mediterranean, and who have no known grave. It was built on land donated by the Government of Malta, and it is located at Floriana, near the Malta Archipelago’s capital, Valetta, and it was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth on May 3, 1954. The names of 173 South African airmen are inscribed on that memorial, including the name of……. Michiel Johan Wichardt Brummer was born in 1918 at Strerkstroom, a village situated on the Hex River, about 30 minutes’ drive from Queenstown, in the Eastern Cape. Michiel’s father was his namesake Michiel Johan Wichardt Brummer of Schoonuitzicht Farm near Vryheid, born in 1885, died in 1938, and buried in Vryheid. His mother was Anna Aletta Catharina Schoon ex Brummer born Malan, of 122 Deputation Street, Vryheid, born in 1891, passed away in 1969, and also buried in Vryheid. Michiel had two siblings. A sister, Anna Aletta “Lettie” Brummer, who was married to Johannes Jakobus Janse van Vuuren. The Van Vuuren’s were farmers at Nhlazatshe near Vryheid. Anna passed away in Vryheid in 1969. A brother Leslie Myra Brummer who was married to Bennie Meyer. Leslie was employed with the South African Post Office for most of his life, and he passed away in Lydenburg in 2004. Johannes Wichardt “Gog” Janse van Vuuren who lives in Springs, writes that Lt. Brummer’s mother, Anna Aletta, was his grandmother, and his own mother, also Anna Aletta, was Michiel’s sister. During his school days at Vryheid High School, together with greats like the Springbok athlete Gerhardus Cornelius “Gert” Potgieter, Gog had lived with his grandmother at 122 Deputasie Street, just below today’s Oxford Lodge. Leslie and his wife Bennie also lived at that address. Leslie and Bennie had one child named Roelien, and Leslie was employed at the Post Office in Vryheid. “Gog” possesses some letters written by Lt. Brummer to his mother and to his sister, a letter written by General Smuts, and also a letter from Buckingham Palace to Mrs. Schoon. Letter dated “The day before Christmas” 1942, to Mrs A. Schoon. Michiel thanks his mother for the parcel she had sent him, and he writes about the work being done to prepare their mess for Christmas Dinner, and the nonstop rain. He writes about being trained to pilot a new aircraft and his progress with that. Letter dated 26 September 1943, addressed to Mrs Schoon. Michiel writes, ‘Liefste Mammie’. He writes about saying farewell to the desert and now being based in the heart of a city that was very expensive, but a great improvement compared to Egypt. He writes about their extensive travelling in Egypt and it being rife with filth, famine and crime, and about a long journey by train, and lack of sleep. Letter dated 11 November 1943, to Mr J van Vuuren: Brummer writes: “Hallo Lettie’. He asks his sister about her dress making business, and he congratulates Lettie on her birthday that was coming soon. He writes that he was in Tripoli in Libya and there he received fourteen letters, of 94

which two were from his brother Leslie, one from his mother, and six love from his lady friend in Vereeniging. On his last trip to the Union, Lt. Brummer got engaged to a girl only known as Lillian who was from Vereeniging. Who was this Lillian? Lieutenant M.J.W. Brummer was killed in action on 26 June 1944. He was the pilot of a Marauder Bomber that crashed into the Mediterranean ocean, near Asinara Island, near Sardinia, whilst returning to Algerho, Italy after a patrol. The bodies of Warrant-Officer Arnold Allsop, Flight Sergeant Douglas Flack, Sergeant John Ockleford Heath, Sergeant David Martin and Warrant Officer Douglas Edwards were recovered by Italian fishermen and they were buried in the Cagliari (St Michele) Communal Cemetery, Sardinia. Sadly, Brummer’s body was never recovered. “BUCKINGHAM PALACE, The Queen and I offer you our heartfelt sympathy in your great sorrow. We pray that your country’s gratitude for a life so nobly given in its service may bring you some measure of consolation. Signed, King George VI”. In a letter written by General Jannie Smuts, the General expressed his condolences to Mrs. Schoon for the loss of her son. The letter was accompanied by a miniature trophy and a brooch in remembrance of Lt. Brummer. Vryheid Gazette, Friday 7 July 1944: “Mev. Schoon, 122 Deputasie Straat, het die volgende berig ontvang van Verdediging Hoofkwartiere: Die Departement van Verdediging maak met diepe leedwese bekend dat u seun 328340V Luitenant Michael, Johann Wichardt Brummer, gerapporteer vermis, vermoedelik gedood, 26 Junie om 16:15 uur stop. Brief volg. Luitenant Brummer was in die R.A.F. Sec S.A.A.F. EN B.N.A.F. Verdere berigte sal gepubliseer word.” Vryheid Gazette, 14 July 1944: “Mev. Schoon, 122 Deputation Straat, het weer die volgende brief ontvang van Departement van Verdediging in verband met haar seun, Luit. Johann Brummer: “Addisionele inligting lui dat Luit. Brummer se vliegtuig te Asinara Eiland in die Golf van Sardinië neergestort het. Dit is nie bekend wat die oorsaak van die neerstorting was nie. Die liggame van die res van sy bemanning, wat uit lede van die Koninklike Lugmag bestaan het is gevind, uitsondering van die van Luit. Brummer. Die Militêre Organisasies en Rooi Kruis Kommittees span alle kragte op die oomblik in om uit te vind wat van die Luitenant geword het. Hulle doen hul uiterste om Mev. Schoon op hoogte van verdere verwikkelings te hou.” Lieutenant Michiel Johan Wichardt Brummer of the SAAF, and 14 RAF Squadron, is remembered on the Malta War Memorial, and the War Memorial in Vryheid. Lest we forget.

Lt MJW Brummer

POLICE & THE PRESS | POLISIE EN DIE PERS

Another white South African farmer who spoke out about land grabs is shot dead as he eats dinner at home with his family just weeks after fellow landowner was beaten to death • • • •

Stefan Smit, 62, had been openly critical of threat of land grabs on his property He was the owner of an estate in Western Cape - SA's most famous wine region He previously complained about how citizens from a township invaded his land His death follows that of Annette Kennealy, 51, a farmer activist from Limpopo

By Leigh McManus for Mailonline

Published: 16:26 BST, 3 June 2019 | Updated: 16:59 BST, 3 June 2019 A South African wine merchant who spoke out against attacks on white farmers was found dead after being shot on Sunday night while dining with family and friends. Stefan Smit, 62, had been openly critical of the threat of land grabs on his property - a large estate in Stellenbosch, Western Cape - South Africa's most famous wine region. It was a murder seemingly fuelled by a land dispute created when a squat straddling Smit's Louisenhof Estate was set up, expanding into a vast settlement. The farmer had previously complained about how citizens from a nearby township had begun erecting shacks at the back of his farm, culminating in him getting an injunction to prevent people from encroaching on his space.

Stefan Smit, 62, (pictured) had been openly critical of the threat of land grabs on his property Smit was killed when four men entered his vineyard through an unlocked back door and shot him dead. His wife and a family friend managed to survive the attack. Pieter Haasbroek, a friend of Mr. Smit, told The New York Times: 'They were busy eating dinner with friends when four masked men came into the house. They shot Smit dead. What we feared came true.' The dispute over land has been ongoing and increasingly fractious, but police said it was too early to tell if Smit's death was connected to that or a random murder.

Louisenhof Wine Estate in Western Cape, South Africa - which was owned by Mr Smit The same dispute saw the murder of Annette Kennealy, 51, a farmer activist from Limpopo province who was beaten to death with a hammer and iron rod in late May. South Africa's ruling party, the African National Congress, has denounced the violence against farmers, but farming groups still accuse the party of not doing enough to stop it. Ms Kennealy's and Mr Smit's murders comes as the government, led by Cyril Ramaphosa, pushes ahead with plans to alter South Africa's constitution to allow land to be seized from farmers without having to compensate them.

Annette Kennealy, 51, a farmer activist from Limpopo province was beaten to death with a hammer and iron rod Both of those who were killed were vocal opponents of the new land measures being proposed and last August, people from a nearby black township flooded Mr Smit's land, building shacks on it to the point where he 'couldn't breathe.' Zola Ndlasi, the township leader who organized the occupation of Smit's land, said there are 2,000 shacks there now. 'I'm not happy,' he said by phone to The New York Times upon learning of the 62-year-old's death. 'He's a human being. No one is allowed to kill anybody. ' Ramaphosa has said that his much-focused-on land reform is necessary to compensate for the 'historical imbalance' caused by apartheid and colonialism. Under Section 25 of the old constitution, citizens were granted the right to property which could be expropriated - but only upon payment of compensation. The power of government to seize land was also limited, meaning that the majority of farmland remained in white hands - despite the majority of South Africa's population being black. According to a 2017 census, 72 per cent of land was owned by white people, who made up just nine per cent of the population. However, in December last year parliament voted 209-91 to amend the constitution to say that land could be expropriated without anything being paid in certain circumstances. 98

Cyril Ramaphosa has pushed ahead with changes to the constitution which mean land can be expropriated without any compensation being offered Ministers are now preparing a series of 'test cases' for the courts, despite warnings that it could take a decade or more to resolve the issue. The ANC has sought to reassure people inside and outside the country that its efforts to ensure the majority of black South Africans have better access to land - a long-standing party promise - will be legal and should not be cause for alarm. Ramaphosa has said everyone should 'relax' about the land reform process and that it would 'end up very well'. Political parties and NGOs have criticised the government's attempts to change land reform measures. The issue did not appear to play well for Ramaphosa at South Africa's recent election, the first since he seized power from predecessor Jacob Zuma, which the ruling ANC party won but with a reduced majority. Transvaal Agricultural Union, a group representing the interests of farmers, recorded 84 farm murders in the 2017 calendar year. Of these, 59 victims were white farmers. A further 15 people, including eight white farmers, were killed on farms in the first three months of 2018. Read more: Plaasmoord-aktivis op hoewe vermoor | Maroela Media Share or comment on this article: Another white South African farmer who spoke out about land grabs is murdered at his home https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7099569/Another-white-South-African-farmer-spoke-landgrabs-murdered-home.html How to fix the SAPS Zakhele Mbhele | 03 June 2019

Zakhele Mbhele writes on what Minister Bheki Cele should do in his first 100 days The recent re-appointment of Bheki Cele as Police Minister by President Cyril Ramaphosa is somewhat concerning, given that, during his previous tenure, Minister Cele demonstrated insufficient political will to take the tough decisions needed to overhaul the South African Police Service into an effective and efficient crime-fighting agency. Nonetheless we must always allow for a â&#x20AC;&#x153;grace periodâ&#x20AC;? to give the benefit of the doubt at the start of a new administration so we can only hope that he will up his game this second time around. Minister Cele has a massive challenge on his hands to fix the SAPS and turn it around into a professional police service that can ensure safe streets and safe homes in South Africa. The simple truth of the matter is that the SAPS is ineffective and dysfunctional, notwithstanding the efforts of many dedicated and diligent police officers who soldier on, often going above and beyond the call of duty, despite unconducive working conditions and inadequate support from senior management.

This organisational ineffectiveness and dysfunction is due to years of chronic neglect and mismanagement, rooted in political ANC misgovernance and the cronyism and corruption subsequently engendered. As a result, most police stations are under-staffed, under-resourced, under-equipped and undertrained, our Crime Intelligence Division is in crisis and our Detective Service is in severe distress. Flowing from this cronyism and cadre deployment, there is also weak enforcement of accountability which allows, at best, poor performance and mediocrity to flourish and, at worst, corruption and the deliberate sabotaging of police systems to take root. What we need now are some quick wins, while the arduous task of overhauling the SAPS from top to bottom gets underway for the medium term. In the short term, the DA recommends Minister Cele to do the following: 1) LOCALISE MORE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY AND BUDGET Specifically, the Minister must issue a directive for the implementation of a '75/25 Budgeting Rule' as follows: a) A maximum of 25% of the police budget would be ring-fenced for National, Provincial and cluster offices to carry out supervision and co-ordination functions. Of the remaining 75%: b) 1/3 (i.e. 25% of total budget) would be allocated equitably and directly to all police precincts (i.e. each station gets the same amount); c) 1/3 (i.e. 25% of total budget) would be allocated directly to police stations, WEIGHTED ACCORDING TO CRIME STATISTICS, so that communities with higher crime burdens are betterresourced; d) 1/3 (i.e. 25% of total budget) would be allocated directly to police stations, WEIGHTED ACCORDING TO POPULATION, so that communities with more residents are better-resourced. Flowing from this kind of localised approach, specialised units would be located at station level (and where warranted, cluster level) and drawing from the resources available in that precinct. In addition, station and cluster commanders must be empowered and given the latitude to establish local safety partnerships with local and provincial governments, business, private security, residents and civic organisations to devise customised policing strategies that are responsive to crime profiles and dynamics in their local contexts, in alignment with other safety promotion efforts. This would include, significantly, the open sharing and publication of station crime statistics at least quarterly, if not monthly and even weekly. 2) OUTSOURCE ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS Specifically, the Central Firearms Registry, Criminal Records Centre and Forensic Science Laboratories must be put out to tender and reconfigured to operate as public-private partnerships to improve efficiency and cost effectiveness. In addition, law firms can be contracted to perform discipline enforcement/consequence management processes through legally sound arbitration hearings so that those processes can happen more speedily. In this way, the SAPS can focus more on proactive crime prevention and reactive crime-fighting operations, instead of time, energy and attention in the organisation being tied up in administrative processes and paperwork. 3) STRENGTHEN AND PRIORITISE MECHANISMS AND SYSTEMS FOR COMPLAINTS RECEIPT & RESOLUTION AND FOR PERFORMANCE MONITORING Complaints received about police performance from the public and reports from oversight work by public representatives must feed into an ongoing internal analysis of the police service to pinpoint areas of chronic dysfunction and to enable meaningful troubleshooting and resolution. In addition, these complaints and reports must feed into the performance monitoring and assessment of police management, especially at station level, to hold them accountable for the localised resources and management authority entrusted to them. Where they fall short, remedial interventions must be implemented and, in cases of severe underperformance, those stations must be placed under administration by Cluster or Provincial SAPS Offices, until the identified systemic defects are corrected. 100

This means that the Civilian Secretariat for Police must be adequately resourced and empowered to perform its duties, especially in line with sections 5, 6 and 32 of the Civilian Secretariat for Police Act. Policing is not rocket science and effective policing is not difficult if we get the basics right. Our call to Minister Cele is that he drives and champions a relentless process to do just that. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/how-to-fix-the-saps2?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=29b40b5723EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_03_10_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db9929b40b5723-130042309

Govt has lost its ability to protect the public â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Pieter Groenewald Pieter Groenewald | 03 June 2019 FF Plus leader says there is no respect for authority, no one obeys rules and laws Crime: Government has lost its ability to protect the public 3 June 2019 Crime has been out of control for a long time in South Africa, but the incidents that transpired over the last few days set loud alarm bells ringing about the government's inability to protect the public. If crime is not curbed right now, then anarchy is surely inevitable and the FF Plus is urgently calling on the government to stop ignoring the warning signs. Anarchy is not a word that the FF Plus uses lightly. It is a terrible state for a country to be in as there is no respect for authority, no one obeys rules and laws and the government can exercise no control whatsoever. South Africa is heading in this direction. The illegal occupations of farms in the Cape, countrywide attacks on trucks and the destruction of trains and railway carriages in the Cape Peninsula can no longer be shrugged off or regarded as isolated incidents. The fact that these crimes are continuing unhindered shows that the government has basically lost all its intelligence abilities when it comes to crime prevention. The reason for this is the incompetence of political and operational staff and the fact that any skills and abilities have been used mainly for the ANC government's political infighting over the last few years. South Africa is now paying the price and things can get significantly worse seeing as the economy and crime are directly related. Crime hinders economic growth and a poor economy and the associated unemployment lead to even more crime. Yesterday, Mr Stefan Smit (62), owner of the internationally renowned wine estate Louiesenhof just outside Stellenbosch, was murdered in his house after dinner. Several weeks ago, Mr Tool Wessels was murdered on his farm outside Bonnievale after he was brutally tortured and on Friday, Mrs Monica (68) and Mr Basil Deniacos (79) were murdered in Dealesville. These are just a few of the many other murders and attacks that took place across our country over the last few weeks. Fifteen farm owners, including the owner of the well-known wine estate Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Aria near Durbanville just outside Cape Town, had to approach the court to obtain interdicts to have illegal occupants removed from their land after the BLF distributed letters among the employees that incited them to occupy the land. According to media reports, the name of the BLF leader, Andile Mngxitama, appeared in the letters that encouraged people to 'take agricultural land back from white thieves'. Even after an interdict was granted in the D'Aria case, Mngxitama apparently said that the BLF and its supporters would simply 'target other farms'. Seventeen trucks were torched yesterday in a series of incidents that took place in Gauteng, KwaZulu Natal, the Western and Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga. In Cape Town, two trains and numerous carriages were torched over the weekend. Last month, ten railway carriages burnt down at the Cape Town station and the damage amounts to approximately R33 million. This forms part of a prolonged series of attacks on the Cape Metro railway system. 101

In Alexandra, Johannesburg, residents torched the houses of fellow residents after the Johannesburg Metro Police demolished illegal structures. Last Friday, a clinic at the Strand near Cape Town was set alight and totally destroyed. The abovementioned goes to show that there are serious shortcomings in the police service and the government's crime prevention institutions. The prosecution and penalties are inadequate and, thus, do not serve as deterrents. A consequence of the crime situation that is potentially just as dangerous is the racial tension that it brings about. The FF Plus will engage with the government regarding the level of crime in our country and will keep on focusing the international community's attention on the ANC's inability to govern properly. Urgent attention must be given to rural safety as well as the resources at the disposal of the police in rural areas to prioritise crime prevention. The FF Plus is calling on everyone in South Africa to join hands with the party and support it in the fight against crime, which threatens everyone in South Africa. Issued by Pieter Groenewadl, FF Plus Leader, 3 June 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/govt-has-lost-its-ability-to-protect-the-public-p?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=29b40b5723EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_03_10_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db9929b40b5723-130042309 Alexandra police force is far too small, inquiry hears

News24 | 05 June 2019 There is only one police officer per every 730 residents in township, SAPS disclose

Alexandra police force is far too small, inquiry hears There is about one police officer per every 730 residents in Alexandra, according to Gauteng South African Police Service (SAPS) Commissioner Elias Mawela. This is well below the national standard for police-to-community ratio, and the ratio recommended by the United Nations (UN), GroundUp reports. Mawela was speaking at the inquiry into Alexandra by the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) and the Public Protector’s office on Tuesday. This was the third sitting of the inquiry. The inquiry follows a spate of protests in April. Its purpose is to consider some of the issues raised during protests, such as the lack of housing, water, sanitation, and overcrowding in the township. The inquiry will also look into allegations of corruption in the Alexandra Renewal Project (ARP) — a project initially worth R1.3bn, launched in 2001 to develop Alexandra. The UN’s recommended policing ratio is one police officer to 288 residents, but South Africa was currently averaging one officer to 348 residents, Mawela told the panel. Based on a census in 2014, he said there were about 177 000 residents in Alexandra and 243 police officers operating in the area. (The 2011 census gives the population of Alexandra as nearly 180 000. Unless there has been an exodus from the township, by GroundUp’s estimate the population would have grown to roughly 205 000 or 215 000 in 2019.) Only one police station "We are not even close to the national or the UN ratio… but that doesn’t mean that we are unable to render the basic policing services to the community of Alexandra," Mawela said. Senior legal officer on the panel, Alexandra Fitzgerald, urged SAPS to look for the latest population statistics in Alexandra, "because some have even put it at 500 000, which may mean you are further away from the UN and national standard ratio than you think". (It is extremely unlikely that Alexandra’s population is as high as 500 000.) Mawela said the station resource allocation was calculated using an efficiency index which largely depended on population size. In Alexandra, he said they "currently do not have what we want". He said the station should have at least 70 more staff members than it currently has. 102

The station commander of Alexandra police station, Johannes Tau, told the panel that there was only one police station servicing the whole township. But Mawela said, in the last financial year, despite being underresourced, the Alexandra police station had managed to remove itself from the top 40 police stations with the most serious crime statistics. 'Alexandra is not lawless' But Fitzgerald asked: "Underreporting [of crime] is a problem in the country and, on our visits to Alexandra, a lot of residents said they had no trust in SAPS, so how much of those statistics can you say is a result of distrust between the community and the police?" "I can’t say that it doesn’t play a role in the statistics, but there is nothing we can do about that except encourage the community to report crimes and work with the police," answered Mawela. He denied that there was complete lawlessness in Alexandra, as others had alleged in their submissions to the inquiry. "Many people go about doing their day-to-day activities… There are many law-abiding citizens in Alex… Crime is happening all over the country and in Alex as well, but to reduce it to lawlessness is unfair," he said. "Maybe they have a different definition of lawlessness, but from our side, Alexandra is not lawless. “The inquiry continues on Wednesday. GroundUp https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/alexandra-police-force-is-far-too-small-inquiryhe?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=245810cc26EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_05_10_04&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99245810cc26-130042309

Fokus van die week: Misdaad: Staat het sy vermoë verloor om publiek te beskerm Misdaad is lank reeds buite beheer in Suid-Afrika, maar gebeure oor die laaste paar dae laat die gevaarligte helderrooi flikker oor die staat se onvermoë om die publiek te beskerm. Indien misdaad nie nou gestuit word nie, is anargie onafwendbaar en die VF Plus doen ŉ dringende beroep op die regering om die gevaartekens nie langer te ignoreer nie. Anargie is ŉ woord wat die VF Plus nie ligtelik gebruik nie. Dit is ŉ 'n toestand in ŉ land waarin geen gesag geld nie, waarin niemand reëls of wette gehoorsaam nie en waar die regering geen beheer uitoefen nie. Suid-Afrika stuur in hierdie rigting. Die besettings van Kaapse plase, aanvalle op vragmotors landwyd en die vernietiging van treine en treinwaens in die Kaapse Skiereiland kan nie langer as geïsoleerde voorvalle afgemaak word nie. Die feit dat dit ongehinderd voortduur, wys die staat het sy intelligensievermoë ten opsigte van misdaadvoorkoming feitlik totaal verloor. Die rede hiervoor is die onbevoegdheid van politieke- en operasionele personeel en die feit dat die vermoë wat wel oorgebly het, oor die laaste jare hoofsaaklik aangewend is in politieke binnegevegte van die ANC en die regering. Suid-Afrika betaal nou ŉ duur prys daarvoor en dit kan aansienlik versleg aangesien die ekonomie en misdaad direk gekoppel is. Misdaad striem ekonomiese groei, en ŉ swak ekonomie en gepaardgaande werkloosheid lei tot misdaad. Gister is mnr. Stefan Smit (62), eienaar van die internasionaal bekende wynlandgoed Louiesenhof buite Stellenbosch, in sy huis vermoor terwyl hy aandete genuttig het. Enkele weke gelede is mnr. Tool Wessels op sy plaas net buite Bonnievale vermoor nadat hy wreed gemartel is en verlede Vrydag is mev. Monica (68) en mnr. Basil Deniacos (79) in Dealesville vermoor. Dit is slegs enkele van talle ander moorde en aanvalle regdeur die land oor die laaste weke. Vyftien plase, waaronder die bekende wynlandgoed D’Aria by Durbanville net buite Kaapstad, moes onlangs die hof nader vir bevele om besetters van hul grond af te kry nadat die BLF briewe versprei het onder werkers waarin mense aangehits is om grond te beset. 103

Luidens mediaberigte was die BLF-leier, Andile Mngxitama, se naam op die briewe waarin mense aangesê is om ‘landbougrond van wit diewe af te vat’. Selfs nadat ŉ uitsettingsbevel in die D’Ariageval toegeken is, het Mngxitama glo gesê die BLF en sy volgelinge sal bloot ‘ander plase teiken’. Sewentien swaar vragmotors is gister aan die brand gesteek in ŉ reeks voorvalle in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, die Wes- en Oos-Kaap en Mpumalanga. In Kaapstad is twee treine en verskeie waens die naweek aan die brand gesteek. Verlede maand het tien waens op die Kaapstad-stasie uitgebrand met ŉ geraamde skade van R33 miljoen. Dit vorm deel van ŉ reeks aanvalle oor ŉ lang tydperk op die Kaapse Metro-treinstelsel. In Alexandra, Johannesburg, het inwoners mede-inwoners se huise aan die brand gesteek nadat die Johannesburgse metropolisie onwettige strukture laat afbreek het. Verlede Vrydag is ŉ kliniek in die Strand naby Kaapstad aan die brand gesteek en is totaal verwoes. Bogenoemde wys dat daar ernstige gebreke in die polisie en die misdaadvoorkomingsorgane van die staat is. Vervolging en strawwe is ontoereikend en dien nie as voldoende afskrikmiddel nie. ŉ Potensieel ewe gevaarlike voortvloeisel van die misdaadsituasie is die rassewrywing wat dit veroorsaak. Die VF Plus sal ernstig met die regering oor misdaad in gesprek tree, en sal aanhou om die internasionale gemeenskap bewus te maak van die ANC se onvermoë om te regeer. Daar moet indringend aandag gegee word aan landelike beveiliging en die hulpbronne tot die polisie se beskikking in veral landelike gebiede om misdaadvoorkoming te prioritiseer. Die VF Plus doen ŉ beroep op almal in Suid-Afrika om die party se hand te vat en hom te steun in sy stryd teen misdaad wat almal in Suid-Afrika bedreig. [VF-Plus-nuusbrief]

Mangaung: Waterkrisis, maar geld gemors op metro-polisiehoof sonder metro-polisiediens Armand Cloete: VF Plus-LP in Nasionale Raad van Provinsies (Vrystaat) Daar is nie geld vir water nie, maar Mangaung se metro-munisipaliteit betaal vir ‘n metropolisiehoof terwyl daar ná ‘n jaar van leë beloftes steeds geen metropolisiediens is nie. Die voortslepende watertekort in Mangaung weens agterstallige skuld aan die waterverskaffer, Bloemwater, asook swak instandhouding deur die munisipaliteit, plaas enorme druk op inwoners en plaaslike sakelui. [VF-Plus-nuusbrief] Kameeldrift (Pretoria): SAPS comply with court order – AfriForum Carina Bester | 25 June 2019 SAPS had previously been refusing or postponing shooting training for reservists

Reservists: SAPS comply with court order 25 June 2019 AfriForum was on 24 June 2019 informed that the SAPS called up the reservists associated with the Kameeldrift police station to complete their annual shooting training so that they can be fully utilised again and preserve their status as police reservists. This follows after AfriForum’s court application in the Northern Gauteng High Court in Pretoria succeeded. This application – which is considered to be pioneer work – now forces the SAPS to ensure that reservists in Kameeldrift complete their annual competency retraining to enable them to keep their status as police reservists. The SAPS has up until now refused or kept postponing training for the reservists and to send current officials for retraining. This leads to a situation where reservists are no longer capable of properly supporting the SAPS seeing as they are not competent to handle firearms in terms of legislation. “This news is extremely refreshing and absolutely necessary for the citizens of South Africa that are hungry for actual action by the SAPS to comply with their constitutional mandate,” says Marnus Kamfer, AfriForum’s Legal and Risk Manager. “The SAPS will now once again have access to additional members that can be deployed where there is a shortage of manpower in the Kameeldrift area. The SAPS has on various occasions stated that they are spread too thinly and do not have enough resources at their disposal to do 104

what is expected of them. If the available reservists are fully utilised, the SAPS immediately has additional members at their disposal that can deliver a service at no cost.” AfriForum is currently investigating other instances in South Africa to launch similar applications in order to strengthen the hand of the SAPS. Issued by Carina Bester, Media Relations Officer, AfriForum, 25 June 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/reservists-saps-complies-with-court-order-afrifor?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=a7b502266bEMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_25_11_23&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99a7b502266b-130042309 We do not have another ten years to tackle crime – Andrew Whitfield Andrew Whitfield | 25 June 2019 DA MP says while the President is dreaming millions of ordinary South Africans are living nightmares

We do not have another ten years to tackle crime, we need action now 25 June 2019 Madam Speaker Madam Speaker it is, to use his own words, shocking that in his State of the Nation Address the President hardly mentioned the one thing that all South Africans have at the front of their minds every single day: Crime. A few token references to crime here and there and then, as if out of nowhere, the bombshell announcement that violent crime will be halved in the next ten years without even a hint of irony or an actual plan as to how this mammoth task will actually be achieved. It appears from his speech, Madam Speaker, that the President is more concerned about bullet trains than he is about the bullets taking the lives of innocent South Africans on a daily basis. While the President is dreaming millions of ordinary South Africans are having nightmares. Nightmares of being, attacked, robbed, raped or murdered. These South Africans are our Mothers and Fathers living in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth and Elsies River right here in Cape Town, who fear that their children, on their way to school or guarding cars outside a Mosque like 12 year old Aswin Jansen, may be mowed down in a hail of bullets fired from one of the more than 800 guns stolen from the Police and wielded by a gangster who was put back on the streets by the very criminal justice system designed to protect these children. They are our Grandmothers like Nomangesi Peter from Luqoqweni Village who was kidnapped, tortured and paraded naked before being killed. They are too old to defend themselves from serial rapists and murderers who target these, our most vulnerable citizens in rural villages and towns because they know that the chances of being caught by the police are slim to none. They are our farmers and farmworkers from the rural Eastern Cape to Thoyandou who live in constant fear that they will be next because the ANC government does not deem rural safety a priority. These nightmares are not the imagination of some fictional characters living in a fanciful futuristic country. These are real stories about real people Mr President. They are experiences grounded in the harsh reality of millions of South African’s sitting at home looking to this Parliament and their President for hope that they can one day live in a safe city, town or village. Not a SMART city Mr President, a SAFE city. They want to go to bed knowing that criminals lurking around outside their homes will get caught and that they will be locked up. Surely this is not too much for them to ask. The fact that there was absolutely no mention of rural Safety in the SONA demonstrates just how out of touch this ANC government is and how little it cares about people living in remote rural communities who are being targeted by violent criminals. 105

In KwaMlaza village in the Port St Johns Municipality, for example, violent crime has led to villagers fleeing their homes after 9 people, 8 of them women, have been hacked to death or raped and then killed in the past 5 years with not one successful prosecution. In this village the people have given up hope in the police who appear to operate on a catch and release basis allowing criminals to walk amongst their victims. Every other day we read about farmers, farmworkers and their families being brutally attacked and often tortured by violent criminals. In May this year, Tool and Liezel Wessels were attacked on their farm in Bonnievale. Boiling water was poured over her and she was made to watch as her husband was stabbed to death. Your deafening silence on the violence committed in rural communities across our country is unacceptable Mr President. It is time for bold action to tackle crime and rural safety now, we do not have another ten years. Madam Speaker, there is still time to turn the tide on the rural crime wave sweeping our nation if we act now. The DA has a rural safety plan which can restore hope and order to the most isolated and vulnerable communities: from the commercial farm in Viljoenskroon to the rural village outside Keiskamahoek. It is a plan that focuses on building a smart police force equipped with the necessary knowledge and resources to deploy cutting edge technology in the fight against crime. We believe that the deployment of drones with heat sensing technology into rural communities will assist in tracking down criminals and bringing them to book. This is not a ten-year plan Mr President, this technology is available today and can be deployed tomorrow. We believe that by establishing Rural Community Policing Units with community members trained as rural reservists policing capacity will be augmented in some of the most isolated regions of our country. The DAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rural Safety Plan offers tangible solutions to curb the rising tide of rural crime. Madam Speaker, South Africans deserve an honest and professional police service that they can trust led by men and women of integrity who are well trained and resourced to keep our citizens safe. In building an effective and fit for purpose SAPS a DA national government would move swiftly to ensure: 1. A zero-tolerance approach to corruption within the SAPS; 2. The appointment of fit for purposes officers and management who are passionate about policing; 3. The retraining all police officers to serve and protect with pride; 4. Making policing a provincial responsibility; and 5. Establish an effective drug-busting force. When it comes to fighting corruption Madam Speaker, this Parliament has an immediate opportunity to strike fear into the hearts of the corrupt and criminal elements within SAPS by appointing a permanent head of IPID with unimpeachable integrity who will clean out the rot that has taken over SAPS. This is our moment to give real hope to all South Africans living in fear that we are serious about their safety. In spite of the Presidentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s promises in the 2018 SONA that he would focus on the distribution of police resources to areas hardest hit by crime the situation is getting worse. In the Western Cape last year, half of all murders were recorded at only 13% of police stations. These are the stations that need resources Mr President. Murder in Philippi East precinct has increased by 180% over the five-year period from 2013/14 to 17/18, and by 36.7% in the last financial year. This station now has 1 officer per 344 citizens. Over the past two years, the Western Cape provincial ratio has deteriorated from one police officer to every 385 people, down to one police officer to every 509 people. While the ANC government is playing politics with the lives of the people of the Western Cape, the people in Nyanga, Mitchells Plain and Hanover Park have to fear for their lives. A DA-led national government would give more of the powers and functions of policing to provincial police commissioners and station commanders, so they are empowered to tackle crime on a local level. 106

Madam Speaker, in South Africa every day 109 people are raped, and 57 people are murdered. During this debate somebody will be attacked, raped or murdered. The DA has a plan to turn this horrific situation around. The question is Mr President, do you? Issued by Andrew Whitfield, DA Shadow Minister of Police, 25 June 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/we-do-not-have-another-ten-years-to-tackle-crime-?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=a7b502266bEMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_25_11_23&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99a7b502266b-130042309

Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch

Waving a red herring in front of a judicial bull Jeremy Gordin | 03 June 2019 Jeremy Gordin writes on Jan Rodrigues' failure to secure a stay of prosecution in the High Court On Monday morning the South Gauteng high court turned down the application by Joao Rodrigues, 80, for a stay of prosecution for his alleged murder of SACP activist Ahmed Timol in October 1971, almost 48 years ago. The application was refused by a full bench comprising Judges Seun Moshidi, Jody Kollapen (“Kollapen”), and Ingrid Opperman. Kollapen wrote the 45-page judgment, the other two judges concurred. Incidentally, this does not mean that, as eNCA declared at lunchtime, “Rodrigues will soon stand trial for murdering Ahmed Timol”. Rodrigues’ legal representatives have indicated they will appeal the judgment. Timol’s younger brother, Mohammed Timol, welcomed the ruling. According to a News24 report he said that the Timol family did not want to see Rodrigues jailed. Instead, they wanted him to disclose the truth about what had really happened. “My idea is that he still has an opportunity to make a full disclosure to the NPA of what his role was, and who the people were who were actually responsible for the murder of Ahmed. He still has the opportunity, which I think he should take because I don't think it's a nice thing to see an 80-year-old man going to jail for the rest of his life,” he added. The judgment is available here, while below is a summary and some commentary, using the Judge’s numbering in the judgment as reference points (in brackets). Rodrigues’ application was based on the violation of his rights in terms of Section 35 (3) (d) of the Constitution: “Every accused person has a right to a fair trial, which includes the right – (d) to have their trial begin and conclude without unreasonable delay”. 107

The reasons for the clearly unreasonable delay (47 years), argued Rodrigues, included among other things the “undisputed” interference by politicians in the prosecutorial process [29]. In this connection, Rodrigues also contended that it was altogether possible he had been granted an amnesty or pardon because it appeared that former President Thabo Mbeki had discreetly arranged amnesties and/or pardons “in respect of TRC cases” [71]. This situation was, however, complicated by the (now former) Minister of Justice Michael Masutha refusing, as lawyers politely say, to “take the Court into his confidence”. I.e., in an earlier (non)response regarding this matter, Masutha lay low like Brer Rabbit and said absolutely nuffin’. The second leg of Rodrigues’ argument was that the State was prosecuting him with an “improper motive”. Examples of this would be if Rodrigues is being prosecuted for murder to force “disclosure” or because the other possible charges have long proscribed. The 2017 inquest court ruled that Rodrigues should be investigated as “an accessory after the fact to murder” and for perjury. Why then was Rodrigues being prosecuted for murder? Kollapen responded, as can be seen in his judgment, by arguing that there had not been an “unreasonable” delay. Kollapen divided the 47 years into three periods: (a) 1971-94; (b) 19942002; and (c) 2003-17. Regarding (a), wrote Kollapen, the apartheid regime was still in power and would not, for obvious reasons, have gone after Rodrigues [42-5]. Regarding (b), this was a hiatus period when society was coming to terms with a new political dispensation and the TRC “process,” so these years cannot be accounted for as a period of “delay” [46-54]. As for (c), this was the period when there was political interference that stymied TRC cases, so it also doesn’t represent a “delay” [55 et seq]. Therefore, adjudged the court, the 47 years of delay had not been devastatingly prejudicial to Rodrigues. As far as “improper motive” was concerned, Kollapen wrote that the evidence from the second inquest could possibly “sustain a charge of murder on the basis of dolus eventualis” [102]; and he quotes at length from a NDPP vs Zuma judgment: “A prosecution is not wrong merely because it is brought for an improper purpose. It will only be wrongful if, in addition, reasonable and probable grounds for prosecuting are absent ...” [104]. In conclusion, he wrote, “there is, in my view, nothing to suggest that the prosecution was advanced for an improper motive” [105]. In constructing his judgment, briefly summarised above, Kollapen does make some points or mention several issues, some of which I’d like to bring to readers’ attentions. Paragraph [12]: “[Salim] Essop testified about the torture he suffered at the hands of the Security Branch officers, such as electrocution, and thought that Timol suffered the same fate, if not worse.” [14]: “The Timol family ... obtained new evidence ... not placed before the 1972 inquest court.” [15]: “The [2017] court also heard from pathologists who concluded that the injuries suffered by Timol prior to his fall were so serious that [he] would not have been able to walk, eat, or drink unaided.” Now, even if Kollapen had read the report of the Politicsweb investigation published last week he could not take it into account. However, it is clear from the medical evidence extracted in Ismail Essop’s 1971/1972 interdict application against the Security Police that Salim Essop’s torture did not result in physical damage of the kind it was argued that Timol must have suffered. Similarly, the Timol family did not secure much significant new direct evidence, besides the completely unlikely evidence of the revised time of Timol’s death; it mainly had two pathologists rehash and re-interpret the original forensic examinations, turning the original findings (including by Dr Jonathan Gluckman) on their head. [47]: Kollapen writes that from 1994-2002, all those who had committed a crime with a political motivation could have applied for amnesty. Indeed; but this is to assume that Rodrigues didn’t apply for amnesty because he had committed such a crime. What if he didn’t commit a crime, and therefore didn’t apply for amnesty, as per his version? What if he’s telling the truth or a version thereof? [55]: Kollapen writes that it can be “assumed” that the Timol case was one of those that was politically interfered with to stop prosecution. 108

This could be a flawed assumption. On the one hand, Ahmed Timol had been very close friends with Essop and Aziz Pahad, both in Roodepoort, growing up, and later in London as young adults. Both served in Thabo Mbeki’s government: Essop Pahad as Minister in the Presidency and Aziz Pahad as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. President Thabo Mbeki himself wrote the foreword to Imtiaz Cajee’s 2005 book “Timol: A Quest for Justice.” It seems a stretch to suggest that such old friends and comrades would have condoned interference in the work of the NPA to protect Ahmed Timol’s alleged murderers from investigation and prosecution. On the other hand, in Security Police circles it seems there was never any suggestion that Timol’s death was regarded as anything but suicide. For example, the former head of the Security Police Johan van der Merwe told the Irish American academic Padraig O’Malley in a February 2000 interview that “There were cases where I think the suspicions [with regards to deaths in detention] can be regarded as founded, there were such cases. Timol, for instance, he really jumped. There is no doubt about that. Timol. He jumped himself, he was not forced out of the building.” Rodrigues himself had left the employ of the police in 1972 and pursued a career as a journalist and a writer of wildlife adventure books. It seems unlikely that the "other side" would have exerted themselves on his behalf either, especially for a crime they believed he had not committed. [107]: Kollapen writes “This, in many respects, is a difficult case. Not necessarily on account of the legal issues it raises, but rather to the extent that it compels us to revisit our troubled past; examine what occurred there; recognise the need for reconciliation ...” With respect, an 80-year-old human being has been charged with murder; this case is about his future life, not about a “philosophical” (re)visit to our troubled past and the need to sing Kumbaya together. Finally, with respect to the defence team, I believe this judgment demonstrates one significant issue. It was a mistake to pursue amnesty/pardon and whether one was given by the powers-thatwere. Similarly, it is a mistake to make so much of the then political interference in the NPA. Neither of these issues is integral to this particular matter. They are red herrings, given that there was never any suggestion that Rodrigues was a murder suspect before the reopening of the Timol inquest in 2017. The kernel of the issue in the stay of prosecution matter is, or should be, whether it is possible or not for Rodrigues to have a fair trial – almost half a century after the murder was allegedly committed – as is his constitutional right. This question should be approached based on the facts of the State’s case alone; for, to be polite, the State’s case is demonstrably iffy. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/waving-a-red-herring-in-front-of-a-judicialbull?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=29b40b5723EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_03_10_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db9929b40b5723-130042309

Rodrigues still has an opportunity for full disclosure - Mohamed Timol News24 | 03 June 2019 This after court dismissed former police clerk's application for a permanent stay of prosecution Ahmed Timol murder: Roderigues still has an opportunity to make a full disclosure- family 3 June 2019 The family of anti-apartheid activist Ahmed Timol says the law must take its course - not only for him, but for many other activists who died at the hands of apartheid-era police officers. Timol's family was speaking after a unanimous historic ruling was handed down in the Gauteng High Court in Johannesburg earlier on Monday in which the court dismissed apartheid-era cop Joao "Jan" Roderigues' application for a permanent stay of his prosecution.

109

"The judge has finally now said all those who were responsible for human rights crimes during the apartheid days should be prosecuted. The rule of law must now take place," Timolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s younger brother, Mohammed Timol, said. He added that his family had been vindicated and said they did not want to see Roderigues jailed. Instead, they want him to disclose the truth and facts about what happened. "My idea is that he still has an opportunity to make a full disclosure to the NPA of what his role was, and who the people were who were actually responsible for the murder of Ahmed. "He still has the opportunity, which I think he should take because I don't think it's a nice thing to see an 80-year-old man going to jail for the rest of his life," said Mohammed. Roderigues is accused of involvement in Timol's murder in 1971. At the time of his death, Timol was in custody. Officers who interrogated him, including Roderigues, claimed that he threw himself out of a window from the 10th floor of John Vorster Square, now the Johannesburg Central Police station. A 1972 inquest found that Timol had committed suicide, however, after the family disputed this, it was reopened in 2017 and it was found that he was murdered. Roderigues' argument is that he will not get a fair trial based on the fact that some of the witnesses have died and that because of his age, he has memory loss. However, Judge Seun Moshidi, while handing down his judgment, said all those factors were issues that had to be looked at during the sentencing stage. 'Justice and the truth were never meant to be compromised' Moshidi ruled that there was no trial prejudice to Roderigues although there was a delay in the prosecution. However, he said the delay could not taint the fairness of the trial. He added that the case was a difficult one - not necessarily because of the legal issues raised but because of the extent that it compelled the justice system to revisit South Africa's troubled past and examine what happened. Moshidi said there was also a need to recognise a need for reconciliation and the consequences that invariably went with the murder of Timol. "Importantly, this case reaffirms that justice and the truth were never meant to be compromised during all that our young society sought to do in dealing with its troubled, turbulent and shameful past. "The refusal of a permanent stay of prosecution is not a signalling that we are required to be vengeful to those who are alleged to have committed serious crimes in the past but rather an affirmation that the principles of accountability and responsibility for the breaching for the rules of society stand at the doorway of our new constitutional order," said Moshidi. He added that the National Director of Public Prosecution and Minister of Justice needed to ensure that officials who were responsible for the delay in the case were accountable. Judgment historic for TRC No costs order was made. Former Truth and Reconciliation commissioner Yasmin Sooka said the judgment was historic for the work of the truth commission. "This judgment is a victory for justice and accountability for victims. I think the message to the perpetrators from our side, is that this judgment is a message to you. Come forward and make a full disclosure," Sooka said. National Prosecuting Authority spokesperson Phindi Mjonondwane said Roderigues faced charges of premeditated murder and defeating the ends of justice. She said a trial date was not yet on the cards because the defence asked for an opportunity to study the judgment before deciding whether to appeal or not. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/roderigues-still-has-an-opportunity-for-fulldiscl?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=29b40b5723EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_03_10_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db9929b40b5723-130042309 110

Joao Rodrigues to stand trial for Ahmed Timol Murder Johannesburg – Former apartheid cop Joao Rodrigues’s failed application for a permanent stay of prosecution for allegedly murdering activist Ahmed Timol in 1971 has been hailed as a boost for justice for the country’s painful past. On Monday morning at the South Gauteng High Court, Judge Seun Moshidi ruled that the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) could go ahead and prosecute Rodrigues for allegedly been part of the brutal murder of Timol. https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/joao-rodrigues-to-stand-trial-for-ahmed-timol-murder-24863194

Nokuthula Simelane: Presumption of Death Application The North Gauteng High Court in Pretoria will on Thursday, 06th June 2019 before Kubushi J in Court 2B hear an application by Thembi Nkadimeng for presuming that her sister, anti-apartheid activist, Nokuthula Simelane, is dead. Simelane, (23), was in 1983 abducted, tortured and murdered by the Security Branch. Her remains have never been discovered. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/nokuthula-simelane-presumption-of-death-application

Steve Biko Foundation Welcomes South Gauteng High Court Ruling on the Ahmed Timol Murder Case The Steve Biko Foundation welcomes the historic South Gauteng High Court unanimous ruling that gave the go ahead to the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) to prosecute former apartheid cop Joao Rodrigues for his allegedly involvement in the brutal murder of anti-apartheid activist, Ahmed Timol. Please read the full statement of the Foundation on the matter for your perusal and consideration. Thando Sipuye: Programme Officer Steve Biko Foundation

Court Tells NPA To Stop Playing Victim and do its Job of Punishing Apartheid Crimes Prosecuting authority told it had duty to resist political interference OPINION & ANALYSIS Opinion Tymon Smith We live in the real world and we live in the postZuma era, so we know that the idea that a state in situation, man dated to act without fear or favour and purely in the interests of justice and the will of the people it serves, is a fairy tale. We live in the real world and we live in the postZuma era, so we know that the idea that a state institution, man dated to act without fear or favour and purely in the interests of justice and the will of the people it serves, is a fairy tale. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Court-tells-NPA-to-stop-play_ingvic_tim-and-do-its-job-of-pun_ish_ing-apartheid-crimes.pdf

111

Rodrigues Appeals Ruling The legal team of Joao Rodrigues is appealing the ruling of the South Gauteng High Court ruling of 03rd July 2019 dismissing his application for a permanent stay of prosecution. Rodrigues-Notice-of-application-for-leave-to-appeal.pdf

Jan Rodrigues to appeal stay application judgment - Lawyer Ben Minnaar | 24 June 2019 Court, with respect, misdirected itself in several respects, says Ben Minnaar IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA GAUTENG LOCAL DIVISION, JOHANNESBURG CASE NUMBER: 76755/2018 In the matter between: JOAO RODRIGUES - Applicant and • THE NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA - First Respondent • MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND CORRECTIONAL SERVICES - Second Respondent • THE MINISTER OF POLICE - Third Respondent • IMITIAZ AHMED CAJEE - Fourth Respondent NOTICE OF APPLICATION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL ON BEHALF OF APPLICANT PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Applicant hereby gives notice of his intention to appeal the whole of the judgment and order by the Honourable Kollapen J with the Honourable Moshidi J. and Opperman J concurring delivered on the 3rd of June 2019 in this Honourable Court. PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the Applicant seeks leave to appeal in terms of section 17(1) Superior Courts Act, Act 10 of 2013 to the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa alternatively the Full Court of the High Court, Gauteng Division, Pretoria and relying on the grounds of appeal as set out hereinafter. TAKE NOTICE that the application for leave to appeal is based on the grounds that the appeal would have a reasonable prospect of success as is envisaged in section 17(1)(a)(i) on the following grounds: 1. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself in not finding that the criminal proceedings instituted against the Applicant constitutes an unfair trial against the Applicant as is envisaged in section 35(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996 ("the Constitution"); and/or 2. That the Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by refusing to grant a declaratory order that the criminal proceeding instituted against the Applicant will constitute an infringement of his fundamental rights to a fair trial as is provided for in section 35(3) of the Constitution; and/or 3. That the Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by not granting a permanent stay of the criminal proceedings relating to the charge of murder against the Applicant relating to the death of the late Ahmed Essop Timol on or about the 27th of October 1971; and/or 4. That the Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by not finding that the institution of criminal proceedings against the Applicant after approximately 47 years after the relevant incident infringes the Applicant's right to a fair trial that should begin and be concluded without unreasonable delay as is provided for in section 35(3)(d) of the Constitution; and/or 5. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by not finding that the deliberate political interference at the highest political level in the criminal justice system did not infringe the fundamental right of a fair trial of the Applicant; and/or 112

6. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by not finding that the deliberate decision by the National Prosecuting Authority to adhere to the political interference in the criminal justice system that caused a substantial delay of the prosecution of the Applicant did not infringe the fundamental right of the Applicant to a fair trial. The conduct of the First Respondent by deliberately withholding material facts from the Court in their initial answering affidavits is also relevant in this regard; and/or 7. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by failing to give the necessary weight alternatively sufficient weight to the Second Respondent's (Minister of Justice) failure to disclose the relevant and material facts relating to the political interference that caused the substantial delay in the proceedings to Court. This conduct must be evaluated under circumstances where the Second Respondent had a legal duty to disclose all relevant facts to the Court; and/or 8. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by not ordering the Second Respondent to disclose all the relevant facts to the Court by way of affidavit alternatively to refer the application for oral evidence in order to compel the Second Respondent to provide the relevant facts; and/or 9. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by failing to consider or adequately consider the prejudice suffered by the Applicant by the lengthy delay and political interference to be of such nature that it will seriously prejudice his right to a fair trial; and/or 10. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by failing to consider or adequately consider the failure by the First Respondent to disclose the political interference in their Answering Affidavit as a continuation of the political interference and confirmation of the unfairness of the prosecution of the Applicant; and/or 11. The Honourable Court, with respect, misdirected itself by failing to consider or adequately consider the failure by the Second Respondent to disclose or explain the political interference in their Answering Affidavit as a continuation of the political interference and confirmation of the unfairness of the prosecution of the Applicant. PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the application for leave to appeal to be enrolled at a time, date and place as decided and/or indicated by the Honourable Court. PLEASE enrol the matter accordingly. SIGNED at PRETORIA on this 20th day of JUNE 2019 BEN MINNAAAR ATTORNEYS FOR THE APPLICANT 190 MELT MARAIS STREET WONDERBOOM AH X1 WONDERBOOM PRETORIA REF: BM 01/09/18 • • • • •

TO: THE REGISTRAR OF THE HIGH COURT JOHANNESBURG AND TO: THE NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS FIRST RESPONDENT,C/0 STATE ATTORNEY: PRETORIA 316 THABO SEHUME STREET SALU BUILDING, PRETORIA, REF: PETER SELEKA AND TO: THE MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND CORRECTIONAL SERVICES SECOND RESPONDENT, C/0 STATE ATTORNEY: PRETORIA 316 THABO SEHUME STREET SALU BUILDING, PRETORIA, REF: PETER SELEKA, AND TO: THE MINISTER OF POLICE, THIRD RESPONDENT, C/0 STATE ATTORNEY: PRETORIA 316 THABO SEHUME STREET SALU BUILDING, PRETORIA, REF: PETER SELEKA, AND TO: IMTIAZ AHMED CAJEE, FOURTH RESPONDENT, C/O LEGAL RESOURCES CENTRE, BRAAM FISHER TOWERS 15th AND 15th FLOOR, 20 ALBERT STREET MARSHALLTOWN JOHANNESBURG, REF: LUCIEN LIMACHER, WEBBER WENTZEL, 113

JOINT ATTORNEYS FOR FOURTH RESPONDENT, 10 FRICKER ROAD, ILLOVO BOULEVARD JOHANNESBURG 2196. Sources: (1) www.ahmedtimol.co.za (2) https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/jan-rodrigues-to-appeal-stay-application-judgment?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=3cfb7d5961EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_24_08_28&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db993cfb7d5961-130042309

Commission needed to investigate suppression of TRC cases Families Cassiem Khan | 23 June 2019 Signatories disappointed at President Ramaphosa's failure to mention apartheid-era atrocities in SONA CALL FOR APOLOGY TO VICTIMS & FOR APPOINTMENT OF A COMMISSION OF INQUIRY TO INVESTIGATE THE SUPPRESSION OF THE TRC CASES JUNE 23, 2019 Dear Respected Mr. President We wish you and your newly appointed Cabinet well as your term gets underway to lead our nation. As citizens of this beloved country, we are fully aware of the responsibility that you carry and we do sincerely hope and fervently pray that your respected team under your able leadership will overcome the various challenges that you inherited and that lay ahead. While we, as citizens, do value and continue to celebrate the freedom that we have so far experienced since spaces were opened up for us all to elect a democratic government during the early part of 1994, we are still very much haunted by our country’s past. It is, we stress, a lingering past that has not disappeared from our memories and one that we all acknowledge remains unforgettable. Mr. President, as you opened your State of the Nation address, you indeed started off on an important note when you reminded us all about the notorious ‘Native Land Act’ of 1913 and the ‘grave injustice’ that it wrought as the decades rolled by thereafter. As a matter of fact, we expected you to have continued in the same vein by recollecting in, at least, a few lines the inhumane apartheid state’s atrocities; a series of reprehensible acts that we all know wreaked havoc among our communities and that have severely wounded us all. So far, we all are fully aware of the fact that the effects of that repressive state’s – that never represented any of the oppressed communities – disgraceful deeds most of us have not been able to shake them off psychologically and socially; they are ingrained in our beings. We were, therefore, somewhat dismayed that you made no reference to the battery of dishonourable Acts that the apartheid regime devised and enforced on our communities. As we collectively pen this letter to you, Mr. President, we wondered why you failed to mention the socio-economic injustices that were perpetrated by that discriminatory regime; a racist administration that had caused permanent social scars and unfathomable inequalities that have deeply harmed our nation. To this very day, we all continue to sadly witness extreme communal disparities across the country; a point that you mentioned in your speech. Permit us, Mr. President, to ask your Excellency the following question: Why did you not take the opportunity of saying something about that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s (TRC) unfinished business that still needs urgent attention? On this note honourable President, we have been appalled at the manner in which the TRC’s incomplete tasks were handled by our previous governments. For the record, when the previous democratically elected governments under Mr. T. Mbeki and Mr. J. Zuma came into power we had faith that they would ardently tackle the string of terrible apartheid cases to, at least, try and overcome the past’s misconducts. We, in fact, had the confidence that these democratically appointed governments would give particular attention to all 114

apartheid’s victims especially those who were killed at the hands of the infamous Security Branch. Mr. President it is as a result of their deliberate – if we may describe it as such – inaction that our current status has been sorely affected on different levels. At present we, as family and friends of apartheid victims, are of the view that ‘justice delayed is indeed justice denied.’ Returning to your speech Mr. President we thus wish to pose a few other questions: How can we, as a nation, become a socially safe & cohesive society and an ethically conscious nation if we haven’t appropriately dealt with the past? Would it ever be possible to clearly define ourselves as a nation when we cognizant of the fact that we did not effectively tackle past crimes? In which way would we be able to truly transform and actually attain Vision 2030’s noble goals when the past offences, which have caused so many traumas, still stay within our nation? And while we definitely agree with you Mr. President that ‘through our collective action we determine our collective destiny’, do you honestly think that this would be achievable when our former representative governments shrewdly side-lined and calculatingly canceled the racist state’s wrongdoings of the past? In the light of these remarks that include an array of unanswered questions, we take this opportunity of genuinely imploring you and your esteemed cabinet to consider prioritizing the more than 300 TRC cases that were – for some uncanny reason – ignored and that were forwarded to the National Prosecution Authority (NPA) for further investigation and prosecution. Since this is our honest request, we want to draw your attention to an extract from the letter (attached) dated 5th of February 2019; it was issued by former members of the South African TRC and herein they made the following plea: …We write to you as former Members of the … TRC to call on you to appoint a commission of inquiry into the political interference that has stopped the investigation and prosecution of virtually all the cases referred by the TRC to … NPA. We also call on you, in your capacity as President of South Africa, to apologize to victims of apartheid-era atrocities who have been denied justice for several decades and suffered considerable trauma as a result…. According to our information, it was observed that these members have to date not received any response to the above correspondence and for us, being family and friends of victims of that vicious inhumane system that disregarded our family members and friends’ human rights, this is somewhat very disconcerting. Nonetheless, very recently the nation publicly heard and read the decisive Judgment (attached and PR from the Steve Biko Foundation) that was issued by a Full Bench of the South Gauteng High Court on the 3rd of June 2019, Case Number 76755/2018; this was a matter between JOAO RODRIGUES (Applicant) and THE NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS and others in relation to the murder of Ahmed Timol during 1971. Here again we note with concern the following pertinent extracts: “The court was faced with the issue of political interference in the National Prosecution Authority in finalising the prosecution of the applicant. The period in question was considered to be the period between 2003 and 2007. The court directed that the conduct of the relevant officials and others at the time needed to be brought to the attention of the National Director of Public Prosecutions for her consideration so that she may take any necessary action. The court concluded that although there was political interference, investigating it further in this court was not necessary.” On top of this historical verdict, a submission has been made to the Zondo Commission (see attached) by Lukhanyo Calata (dated 17th of April 2019); he, representing other victims of apartheid-era crimes too, made a special request that an investigation be undertaken regarding the political interference that resulted in the suppression of virtually all the 300 cases; you might recall that this was an issue that was already referred to by the TRC to the NPA. We, family and friends of apartheid’s victims who were unjustly killed, thus use this opportunity to petition you, as our country’s State President, to do the very least and that is to honor the souls of our country’s martyrs; individuals who had valiantly sacrificed their lives to attain social justice for us all. Although we only remind you of the names of Imam Abdullah Haron, Nicodemus Kgoathe, Simon Modipane, James Lenkoe, Caleb Mayekiso, Michael Shivute and Jacob Monnakgotla since this 115

year (2019) is the 50th year of their killings while they were held in detention, we should not forget the names of many others such as Steve Biko, Mapetla Mohapi, Matthews Mabelane, and Neil Agget. Essentially, we would like to drive home – now that you have addressed the nation – the point that as a nation that we not only repeatedly recall the critical contributions of, inter alia, Chief Albert Luthuli, Oliver Tambo, Nelson Mandela, and Robert Sobukwe, but that we too remember all of the martyred men and women; however, in order for us to do the latter we genuinely beseech you and your cabinet to take immediate action by opening their cases and all other related ones so that they may help to reconcile the festered injuries and heal the grief-stricken hearts. So we, the undersigned, as victims’ families and friends openly demand that you firmly intervene so that your office can assist to bring about some form of justice to many of the affected families and friends. More importantly, however, we want you, as our State President, to bring some measure of closure to not only the traumatized families and friends but to help heal our deeply troubled nation. We want you to pursue these basic socio-legal obligations in order that we all may continue to enjoy the fruits of our democratic South Africa; a country wherein accountability should be one of our nation’s hallmarks in all social sectors and one in which you, as our elected president, demonstrate audacious leadership from which we all can draw courage by giving ‘hope to the hopeless’ and offering genuine comfort to those who had lost their dear ones throughout the apartheid era. Let us end off by stating that we subscribe to the view that we should all strive together towards constructing a protective and safe society within a secure environment and – drawing on your wise words – ‘working together … (to) build a country in which all may know (and harmonize their lives with) peace and (in which they may reside in reasonable) comfort and (ample) contentment.’ SIGNED BY THE FOLLOWING: IMAM HARON Muhammed Haron Fatiema Haron-Masoet Shamela Shamis Cassiem Khan STEVE BIKO: Nkosinathi Biko NICODEMUS KGOATHE, SOLOMON MODIPANE and JACOB MONAGOTLA Amon Kgoathe CRADOCK FOUR Lukhanyo Calata CHIELF ALBERT LUTHULI Mthunzi Luthuli MAPETLA MOHAPI Konehali Gugushe AHMED TIMOL Imtiaz Ahmed Cajee MATTHEWS MABELANE Rapulane Mabelane DR. HOOSEN HAFFEJEE Shahida Pillay NOKUTHULA SIMELANE Thembi Nkadimeng Distributed for the Victims Family Group by Oryx Media, 23 June 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/commission-needed-to-investigate-suppression-oftr?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=3cfb7d5961116

EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_24_08_28&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db993cfb7d5961-130042309

Rodrigues in Court and Cradock Four June 27, 2019 Rodrigues in Court: The criminal court case against Joao Rodrigues is expected to be postponed again, when he makes his appearance at the Palmridge High Court on Friday, 28 June 2019, at 10:00 in Room 13. A court date was to have been announced for the criminal case to proceed after Mr Roderigues’ failed bid to have proceedings against him permanently stayed. After the full Bench of the South Gauteng High Court rejected his application on 3rd June 2019, the accused is applying for leave to appeal. A date is yet to be arranged for arguments. Cradock Four: 27 June 2019, marks 34 years since the disappearances of the Cradock Four. Four anti-apartheid activists from Cradock, Eastern Cape, were intercepted at a roadblock set up by the South African apartheid government security police outside Port Elizabeth. These activists were Matthew Goniwe, Fort Calata, Sparrow Mkhonto and Sicelo Mhlauli. Goniwe and Calata were rumoured to be on a secret police hit list for their active participation in the struggle against apartheid in the Cradock area. The South African security police abducted all four activists, killed them and burnt their bodies. The activists, who came from the Karoo town of Cradock, became known as the Cradock Four. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cradock_Four Ends…. Issued by Imtiaz Ahmed Cajee – nephew of Ahmed Timol.

Rodrigues Court Delay and Legal Costs Joao Rodrigues made another appearance (See timeline below) at the South Gauteng High Court on Friday, 28 June 2019 relating to the criminal case against him in the 1971 murder of antiapartheid activist Ahmed Timol. The 1972 inquest ruling was overturned by Judge Billy Mothle on 12th October 2917 that found that Timol was murdered and did not commit suicide. Rodrigues was charged on the 30thJuly 2018. A court date for the criminal case was not set as Rodrigues’s legal team is applying for leave to appeal after the full Bench of the South Gauteng High Court rejected his application for a permanent stay of prosecution on 3rd June 2019. Monama J was scathing in his remarks, noting that the bills of all three counsel for Rodrigues, the only surviving police official charged in the matter, was paid by taxpayers.(A PAIA has been submitted to the Dept of Justice to ascertain the legal costs incurred). http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/rodrigues-court-delay-legal-costs

117

FOREIGN PRESS AND SA CRIME | BUITELANDSE MEDIA EN SA MISDAAD Female doctor bites off 'sex attacker's' TONGUE as he 'tries to rape her while she slept in South African hospital staff quarters' • • • •

WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT Female doctor 'saves herself from rape' by biting off her sex attacker's tongue The 24-year-old had been asleep when he tried to put his tongue in her mouth Police arrested him after he fled from Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital, Bloemfontein

By Jamie Pyatt for Mailonline Published: 08:25 BST, 6 June 2019 | Updated: 10:26 BST, 6 June 2019

A female doctor who was attacked by a sex beast as she slept in her hospital’s staff quarters saved herself from being brutally raped by biting off his tongue. The 24-year-old doctor bravely fought back when the man who had posed as a patient to get into the hospital tried to force his tongue into her mouth to kiss her. The bite was so severe that part of his tongue was removed and the would-be-rapist fled the doctors bedroom moaning in agony leaving a thick trail of blood behind. Police who raced to the Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital in Bloemfontein put out an alert to all nearby hospitals to lookout for a man seeking urgent treatment to a mouth wound. A female doctor bit off her 'sex attacker's' tongue when he 'tried to rape her' while she slept in a South African hospital. The man fled from Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital in Bloemfontein but was quickly arrested after coming into the National Hospital in Pelonomi at 2am yesterday Shortly afterwards at 2am on Tuesday medics at the National Hospital in Pelonomi reported a patient had just come in with horrific wounds to his tongue and police quickly arrested him. The 32-year-old suspect was temporarily patched up and driven back to the scene of the attack where the victim confirmed he was her attacker and she gave a full statement. The alleged sex attacker was then taken in cuffs to the private Universitas Hospital nearby which has a specialist plastic surgery unit where he underwent full surgery. He will appear before magistrates in Bloemfontein when he is well enough to leave hospital. South African Police spokesperson Colonel Thandi Mbambo said the suspect had allegedly tried to rape the doctor adding: 'He fled the scene when the doctor bit his tongue off'.

118

The bite was so severe that part of his tongue was removed. He was arrested by police after coming into hospital After his arrest he was brought back to Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital where the doctor identified him as her attacker. He will appear before magistrates in Bloemfontein when he is well enough to leave hospital Free State regional health department spokesperson Mr Mondli Mvambi said: 'During the scuffle the doctor managed to bite off the tongue of the alleged perpetrator who ran off. He was later arrested and then taken for plastic surgery and was operated on under police guard and he we will be handed over to be taken before a court in due course. It is by the grace of God that the doctor had the strength to fight back and bite the suspects tongue off. She is currently undergoing medical tests and counselling', he said. In the year 2017/18 crimes figures in South Africa showed 40,000 women were raped but it is believed the figure is far higher with experts believing only 1 in 4 rapes are reported. Statistics also show that 40% of women in South Africa are likely to be raped in their lifetime. Share or comment on this article: Female doctor bites off 'sex attacker's' TONGUE as he 'tries to rape her' in South African hospital https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7110919/Female-doctor-bites-sex-attackers-TONGUEtries-rape-South-African-hospital.html

South African farmer's wife, 45, relives the horrific moment a gunman raped her in front of her children after shooting his way into their home, molesting her daughter and forcing her into sex by threatening to kill her son • EXCLUSIVE: Nicky was raped by gunman Sebenzile Simane at her farm house • The 45-year-old's children were forced to watch their mother being assaulted • Simane was given 173 years in prison for the string of violent crimes last March By Jamie Pyatt for Mailonline Published: 16:58 BST, 16 June 2019 | Updated: 17:11 BST, 16 June 2019 A South African mother was put through a 'living nightmare' by a rapist who held a gun to her children's head to force her into sex. Nicky, 45, was raped in front of her children by 32-year-old Sebenzile Simane - who also sexually molested his victim's daughter after shooting his way into the farm house. Simane, who also tied the family up and stole their money, was handed two life sentences and a total of 173 years in prison after he was found guilty of the string of violent crimes in South Africa's Eastern Cape. 119

Nicky and her husband Heine, a 44-year-old farmer, who are choosing to tell their story, have been forced out of their farm house and say that farmers in the country face an ongoing threat of violence.

Nicky, second from right, pictured with her husband Heine (second from left) and her three children, was the victim of a horrific ordeal at her farm house in South Africa's Eastern Cape Describing her ordeal, Nicky revealed how: • • • • •

Her attacker shot her in the bottom as she shielded her children from his bullets Simane threatened to 'shoot off' her 15-year-old son's feet unless he raped his mother The gunman laid Nicky's daughter down beside her and undressed her and tried to rape her He only agreed not to rape the 13-year-old girl if she watched him rape her mother instead. Simane raped the mother twice and only spared her a third rape as she had lost too much blood to have sex. The white-washed £1.3million farmhouse - set in nearly 1,000 acres of land - had belonged to the family for a century and Nicky's two sons, aged nine and 15, and her 13-year-old daughter had been brought up there. But Simane apparently felt he had been wronged by Nicky's farmer husband and came seeking deadly revenge on the family. The family home was so remote that their nearest neighbour was a mile away and did not hear the gunshots at the home. After surviving the horrific ordeal, the family is now planning to move to Australia to set up a new farm there. Campaign group AfriForum says that Afrikaner and European farmers are under daily attack in the country.

120

Sebenzile Simane, pictured has been given two life sentences for the string of violent crimes in March last year Describing what happened on March 23, 2018, Nicky said a stream of bullets came blasting through the patio door, narrowly missing her 15-year-old son's head. Nicky said: 'With the bullets smashing through the windows I can only describe our feeling as being hunted like wild animals. He shot his way through a sliding patio door to get in. 'What followed I can only describe as four hours of pure hell â&#x20AC;&#x201C; just sick torture and depravity,' Nicky said. 'He held the gun to my nine-year-old son's head and threatened to shoot him unless I complied. 'I told my little one to be quiet or else this man would kill us. All I saw were his silent tears rolling down his little cheeks for the next four hours. The sight of that will be with me forever. 'He tied us all up with fencing wire so tight that our hands lost their circulation and turned grey. 'He shouted at my children that he was there to kill their father and that he would chop him up in front of them. He said that when he came through the door they would watch him butchered. 'He then repeatedly threatened to shoot my eldest son's feet off if he didn't obey him and then ordered him to rape me. I had never heard such a sick thing before and was totally mortified. 'All I could do was beg him not to make my son do that. He just kept pointing the gun at my son's feet and saying he would shoot them unless he raped his mum in front of his brother and sister.

121

The white-washed ÂŁ1.3million farmhouse (pictured) - set in nearly 1,000 acres of land - had belonged to the family for a century 'I begged and pleaded with him not to do this and to take me to another room and take me instead.' Explaining what happened next, she said: 'He grabbed me and forced me to my bedroom and raped me there. There was blood everywhere as I had already been badly shot. I could do nothing as my hands were tied behind my back. 'He then brought my 13-year-old daughter to the bedroom, undressed her and attempted to rape her. He was sexually molesting her and all I could do was beg for mercy and to take me again. 'So instead of raping her he forced my beautiful innocent daughter to watch as he raped me again. 'I cannot describe the anger this man displayed toward us and I knew as he raped me that if my children had any chance of survival I had to get this man away from them and the farm house. 'You don't care about yourself - you just don't want your children to die and you do all you can.' Describing how she finally shook the man off, she said: 'He had tried to start our car outside but couldn't get it going so in a bid to buy my family time I told him to take my bank cards and pin numbers and to let me drive him to town to the ATM. 122

'He tied up my children even tighter even though their hands were already grey from no circulation.

Bullet holes are seen in a door at the family home, showing how rapist Sebenzile Simane shot his way into the property 'I drove into town and got him my maximum 4,000 rand [ÂŁ225] which was just before midnight so he told me to drive to a quiet spot until after midnight when the ATM would allow him to use the card again. 'He undid my seat belt and told me to recline the seat so he could rape me again but I was so weak from the loss of blood I told him that if he raped again, I would almost certainly bleed to death. 'I told him it was 12.04am and that the ATM would give him another 4,000 rand and to please just take my cards and take his money and let me drive to hospital where I could get help. 'Once he was out of our VW transporter I hit the accelerator and drove back to the farm and found the children had freed themselves and called a neighbour and that help had reached them. 'I hugged my brave and petrified children but despite what had happened to us all and the emotional and physical torture he had put us through we were all alive and that was the important thing, 'For us as parents the saddest part of this is that we can never give our children their innocence back. That creature took it. The children and I will never be able to live on that farm again.' The mother and her children now live in the city, where their husband visits them at weekends.

123

Simane, pictured, threatened to shoot his victim's nine-year-old son dead if she did not comply He is living there alone until the property is sold and keeps a loaded shotgun at his side. Nicky said: 'My family and I had no choice in what happened to us that night, we do however have the choice not to let it define us, we choose to live and will be eternally grateful to have survived that night. 'It could have been so different and we have our demons but are just trying to rebuild but we will not let that creature destroy us and it will take time but we will move on and lead good lives. 'Lastly, I would appeal to each and every South African to remember the words of Nelson Mandela: 'We can change the world and make it a better place. It is in your hands to make a difference'. AfriForum said that so far this year 22 farmers have been murdered and 195 farms have been attacked and over recent years between 55 and 75 farmers are brutally killed each year. Many of the attacks involve horrific torture including farmers being burned with hot irons, boiling water poured over their head and body, the use of power tools and gang rape before murder.

124

The remoteness of the family home is seen in this image - the family's nearest neighbour was a mile away and did not hear the gunshots at the home The South African government insists the chief motive is robbery and that it is not a specific attack on whites or farmers but that they are vulnerable and easy targets due to their remoteness. AfriForum spokesman Ian Cameron said: 'In Nicky's case she was lucky as were her children to have survived the farm attack but will have to live with the lasting trauma after a four-hour ordeal and the psychological torture. 'Imagine the fear of knowing that your three children are constantly in danger and are made to watch as you are repeatedly raped after having already been shot and bleeding heavily.' Judge Olav Ronaasen, passing sentence at the Eastern Cape High Court in Port Elizabeth branded Simane, 32, as 'cruel and barbaric' and a 'predator who targeted a woman and her children'. He was given two life sentences plus 137 years after being found guilty of 17 offences including two of rape, 4 of attempted murder, attempted rape and compelling a child to watch a sex act. Eastern Cape Police Commissoner Liziwe Ntshinga said: 'Dedication and a thorough investigation contributed to making sure this heartless criminal was removed from society for a very long time. 'This case must serve as a strong deterrent to perpetrators of such crimes as the South African Police regards the safety and security of the farming community as a priority.' Share or comment on this article: South African mother, 45, is raped in front of her children https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7147287/South-African-mother-45-raped-children.html 125

MILITARY AND THE MEDIA | MILITĂ&#x160;R EN DIE MEDIA

Muslim SANDF major's hearing set for August News24 | 25 June 2019 Mohamed refused to remove her headscarf

Muslim SANDF major's hearing over refusal to remove headscarf set for August 25 June 2019 A Muslim member of the SA National Defence Force (SANDF) who refused to remove her headscarf, is expected to face a disciplinary hearing on August 7, her lawyer said. "At that disciplinary hearing, she will be allowed to bring legal counsel," Nazeema Mohamed told News24. Mohamed said the major appeared before a military court on Tuesday morning and that the matter was postponed. The major has been a member of the armed forces for the past 10 years and works as a clinical forensic pathologist at 2 Military Hospital in Wynberg. News24 previously reported that Mohamed said the SANDF's action was "islamophobic, sexist and showed a poor attitude towards women". According to Mohamed, it (the headscarf) did not obstruct any insignia or military rankings and for the past decade, none of the officers she reported to took exception to it. Should the SANDF proceed with charges against the major, they would take the matter to court as the action against her was discriminatory, Mohamed said. Another major, Simo Mbete, based in Port Elizabeth, told News24 on Tuesday that he was told to take off his taqiyah (skull cap) during a morning roll call in October last year. He said he has never had any problems in the past, having converted to the Muslim faith in 2016. After refusing to take it off, his case was taken to the military court earlier this year where he was found guilty of disobeying a lawful command. He was fined and had to spend three months in the military barracks. He said he would appeal. Attempts to reach SANDF spokesperson Mafi Mgobhozi on Tuesday were unsuccessful. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/muslim-sandf-majors-hearing-set-foraugust?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=a7b502266bEMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_25_11_23&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99a7b502266b-130042309

126

“WE WILL REMEMBER THEM”: CAPT. CHARLES ROSS (SAN – RTD.)

South Africans Commonwealth War Casualties Buried Across the World – Part Seventeen by Captain (SAN) Charles Ross (SA Navy Retired) South Africans participated in almost every theatre of war during both the First and Second World Wars. According to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Casualty Data Base 7 290 (includes 607 unknown) First World War casualties and 9 986 (includes 84 unknown) Second World War casualties are buried in 1 207 cemeteries while 2 959 First World War and 2 005 Second World War casualties are commemorated on 48 memorials. This does not include the 1 750 members of the South African Native Labour Corps and the 306 from the South African Book of Remembrance whose names are in the process of being added to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission’s Casualty Data Base. With South Africans having served far and wide it is not surprising that you would find single or small group graves in cemeteries across the world. Here are some of those cemeteries where one or a very small group of South Africans are buried. •

Duhallow Advanced Dressing Station Cemetery: Belgium Duhallow Advanced Dressing Station, believed to have been named after a southern Irish hunt, was a medical post 1.6 kilometres north of Ypres (now Ieper). The cemetery was begun in July 1917 and in October and November 1918, it was used by the 11th, 36th and 44th Casualty Clearing Stations. The cemetery contains many graves of the artillery and engineers and 41 men of the 13th Company Labour Corps, killed when a German aircraft dropped a bomb on an ammunition truck in January 1918, are buried in

Plot II. After the Armistice, the cemetery was enlarged when graves were brought into this cemetery from isolated sites and a number of small cemeteries on the battlefields around Ypres. Special memorials commemorate a number of casualties known to have been buried in two of these 127

cemeteries, Malakoff Farm Cemetery, Brielen, and Fusilier Wood Cemetery, Hollebeke, whose graves were destroyed by shellfire. There are now 1,544 Commonwealth casualties of the First World War buried or commemorated in this cemetery, 231 of the burials unidentified. There are also 57 war graves of other nationalities, mostly German, and one Commonwealth burial of the Second World War, which dates from the Allied withdrawal ahead of the German advance of May 1940. The cemetery was designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield. Corporal W. A. Stewart MM, D Company, 3rd Regiment, South African Infantry who died on 13 October 1917, Private J. A. Mardon, 1st Regiment, South African Infantry who died on 13 October 1917 and Private C. D. Jardine, C Company, 2nd Regiment, South African Infantry who died on 16 October 1917 are the South Africans buried in the cemetery. â&#x20AC;˘

Erquelinnes Communal Cemetery: Belgium Erquelinnes Communal Cemetery contains 67 Commonwealth burials of the First World War, all of which were made by the Germans in October and November 1918. Three casualties whose graves could not be precisely located are commemorated by special memorial. The cemetery also contains 16 war graves of other nationalities. Private R. Stockwell, 4th Regiment South African Infantry who died on 31 October 1918 is the only South African buried in the cemetery.

â&#x20AC;˘ Godezonne Farm Cemetery: Belgium The cemetery was made in the garden of Godezonne Farm, between February and May 1915 by the 2nd Royal Scots and the 4th Middlesex. Three further burials were added in 1916 and the cemetery was enlarged after the Armistice when graves were brought in from a wide area north and east of Kemmel. Godezzone Farm Cemetery contains 79 First World War burials, 44 of them unidentified. The cemetery was designed by W H Cowlishaw. 128

Private F. Fay, 1st Regiment South African Infantry who died on 18 September 1917 and two unknown South Africans are buried in the cemetery.

â&#x20AC;˘ Grootebeek British Cemetery The village of Reninghelst was in Allied hands from the autumn of 1914 to the end of the First World War. From March 1915, Commonwealth burials were made in the Churchyard, the Churchyard Extension and the New Military Cemetery, but in April 1918, during the Battles of the Lys, a new cemetery was made by field ambulances and fighting units near the hamlet of Ouderdom, on the Poperinghe-Wytschaete road. It was originally called OUDERDOM MILITARY CEMETERY, but later renamed Grootebeek British Cemetery, from the stream (Grootebeek, or Groote Kemmelbeek) which runs beside it. It was used at intervals until the end of September 1918 and it absorbed a small Indian cemetery made on the spot in April 1915. The cemetery contains 109 Commonwealth burials and commemorations of the First World War. One grave destroyed by shell fire is now represented by a special memorial, and another special memorial records the name of Pte J. Lynn, VC, who was buried in Vlamertinghe Churchyard but whose grave was similarly destroyed. The two Second World War burials date from May 1940 and the withdrawal of the British Expeditionary Force ahead of the German advance. The cemetery was designed by W.H. Cowlishaw. Private D. McArthur, 1st Regiment, South African Infantry, who died on 27 April 1981 is the only South African buried in this cemetery.

â&#x20AC;˘ Gwalia Cemetery: Denmark The cemetery was opened at the beginning of July 1917, in the period between the Battle of Messines and the Third Battle of Ypres. It lay among the camps in flat, wet country and was used by infantry units, artillery and field ambulances until September, 1918. In Plot I, Row H, are buried 14 men of the 9th Lancashire Fusiliers who were killed in the early morning of 4 September 1917, in a German air raid over "Dirty Bucket Camp." 129

The cemetery contains 467 Commonwealth burials of the First World War. The cemetery was designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield. Driver J. H. Mitchell, South African Heavy Artillery who died on 08 September 1917 is the only South African buried in this cemetery.

For your tomorrow, we gave our today!

130

ANGLO BOER WAR | ANGLO BOERE-OORLOG

Prelude to main speech (Two Little Boys) by John Elsegood on 2 June 2019: Annual Anglo-Boer Ceremony, Kings Park, Perth, WA (2/6/2019) There are many symbols here today: • • •

Flags OFS and Transvaal (ZAR) Bothaville cannon Colonial dress and female fashion

But the men/veterans of the SADF, who fought their own long Border war, in Angola, are perhaps the best reminders of a shared past. They represent both sides. As Australians now, they march in Anzac Day parades but they also remember their South African past at special events like the official State recognition of the centenary of DELVILLE WOOD in July 2016, in Kings Park, and of course at the annual commemoration of the South African War of 1899 -1902, Australia’s first real military engagement - even before we federated.

Two Little Boys War is a failure of politicians and diplomats to resolve disputes. But the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) could be described as one, where British politicians actively sought a war, in the era of arch-Imperialism. However, wars are fought by ordinary people, not politicians, who are often caught up in dramatic events far greater than themselves and the young and old are not immune. Indeed, my talk today can only be called TWO LITTLE BOYS and their courage, loyalty, and devotion are only to be admired. One of them a West Australian was only 16 years old when he left Perth for South Africa as a Lieutenant. The other was a Boer boy, a civilian of only 10 years of age.

• Anthony Alexander Forrest Anthony Alexander Forrest was a member of an elite Western Australian (WA) family, his father, Alexander, and uncle, John being leading politicians and famed explorers. Another uncle, David, was also a politician briefly. Anthony was indeed a remarkable young man. A product of Hale School (then called High school) he was something of a prodigious talent - a rower, footballer and cricketer of promise. As a 15 year old he played League football for Perth in two games against East Fremantle and West Perth, at the end of 1900 football season, still one of the youngest to play in the WAFL, (equal second in fact) He was also a wicketkeeper in cricket – automatically raising him to being one of God’s chosen!!!! 131

In late 1900 the young man enlisted in the WA Mounted Infantry and was assigned to the 5th Mounted Infantry and was made a Lt. A Sunday Times writer of the time suggested it was an appointment made by family connections but the late WA historian Prof. Geoffrey Bolton scotched that claim, in his work on, as ‘unjustified.’ Indeed, his father, Alexander did not want his son to enlist. Leaving Perth on 6th March 1901 he arrived in Durban on 28th March. On the 15 May he was dead-killed in a fierce fire fight at Grobelaar Recht, near Carolina, in the Transvaal. Told by a Boer Scout, working for the British, to get out of the situation, as there was a Boer ambush planned on the wagons, that Lt Forrest was in charge of, the young Lt instead followed his orders to protect them. Having previously been mentioned in despatches, Anthony again carried out his orders and it cost him his life. The next day, May 16, another WA Lt, Frederick W. Bell, won the VC at Brakpan. As the new Defence Minister, in the fledgling Commonwealth Govt, Sir John Forrest was one of the first to hear of his nephews’ demise while Alexander Forrest was inconsolable and died a month after his son. We can only wonder at what might have been with this talented 16year old if he had come back from South Africa. Would he have played in Perth football clubs 1907 premiership – a controversial game won on protest over East Fremantle? Would he have survived into old age to see Perth Football Club’s next premiership victories, in 1966-67-68? What sort of career would he have had? Or would he have served in WW1 and perished on the Somme or elsewhere? We can never know. But it is appropriate that we gather at functions like this in this great park bequeathed to the WA people by the foresight of Anthony’s uncle, Sir John Forrest, to remember, to reflect at what might have been, and to pay tribute to someone who served and who left us far too early. Sir John Forrest also died in Africa, in waters off the shore of Sierra Leone, en route to sit in the House of Lords (as Baron of Bunbury) in 1918.

• Japie Greyling Most of us who have studied history are familiar with Lord Kitchener’s famous finger pointing recruiting poster – YOUR COUNTRY NEEDS YOU, in WW1 - as War Minister in the British Govt. He succeeded Jack Seely (the first Baron Mottistone) just before Great War commenced? Seely, who had been a Captain in Anglo Boer War, (while Kitchener had been the last C-in-C), advanced his political career and then served in WW1. In an epic charge Major-General Seely, in that great conflict, led 1000 Canadian cavalry to secure the riverbank at Moreuil Wood in France, against the Germans in their great Spring offensive of 1918. Why do I mention this? It is because this courageous man who had advanced his political and army career so greatly was upstaged by a young Afrikaans speaking farm boy, Japie Greyling, who also displayed great courage and love of family and country during the earlier South African War. The then Captain Seely was utterly fed up with chasing elusive Boers around the OFS time and time again. Tipped off by an Afrikaner National Scout-the Quislings of their time - Captain Seely arrived at a farm to see a Boer Commando riding off, led by Barend Greyling. Greyling had left his family behind and Seely was not concerned with niceties in interrogating them, including, Japie, and his terrified mother. Seely was sharp with Japie. “Give me information where your father and his commando are going,” he said to the frightened boy as he grabbed him by the shoulders. “I shall not tell,” Japie replied. “You will or be shot,” thundered the British captain. “I shall not tell,” replied Japie. 132

Seely moved to his Lt and ordered him to form a firing party but ordered him not to fire. “Last chance lad or you will be shot.” “I shall not say.” said the trembling boy. Seely then stood down his men, approached Japie, and said ‘I hope I meet you again one day as you the bravest young man I have met.” Some meeting. Seely obviously had a conscience as in 1931 he went looking for Japie but Japie did not want to see him. By then Japie was farming in the OFS, at Bethlehem and had raised his own family. Indeed, his own son only found out about his father’s heroism in refusing to inform on the commando when a school teacher gave him a book about boy heroes that vividly described the events. Seely’s book FEAR AND BE SLAIN was presented to Japie, by his Lt Hawkins, on a later occasion. In it Seely mentioned Japie, thus: ‘As long as I live, I shall never forget that love of father, home, and country triumphed over certain death. Never shall I forget the expression on the face of that Boer lad when with his eyes brimming with tears he said “I SHALL NOT TELL.” So, while Japie would not tell……. Seely, and others, did tell the story of a farmer’s son in the war against farmers. Today, it has been a pleasure for me to tell the story of two little boys, advanced well beyond their years, who deserve to be remembered with affection for the way they honoured their families and nation. Lest We Forget. Indeed. SPEECH delivered at annual Anglo-Boer ceremony by John Elsegood, Kings Park, Perth, WA (2/6/2019)

John Elsegood and others at the annual Anglo Boer war ceremony in Australia. 133

134

THE OBSERVATION POST: PETER DICKENS

https://samilhistory.com

Jan Smuts, Winston Churchill and D-Day It was D-Day+6 when South African statesman, Field Marshal Jan Smuts, was also to cross over to Normandy, accompanying the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill by his side. To this point Smuts had played a pivot role in not only the planning and strategy behind Operation Overlord and the Normandy campaign, he also played a central role as Winston Churchill’s personal advisor and using his considerable political skill, Jan Smuts was to keep Churchill in line with the wishes and objects of not only Overlord’s military commanders (mainly British and American), but also those of the King of Great Britain – George VI.

135

Churchill in the lead up to the Normandy campaign was not in favour of the entire operation, he felt that the focus should remain on the Italian campaign and maintained that any available resources should be concentrated to winning it by entering Germany and Austria via what he termed ‘the soft under-belly of Europe’ and not France. The truth of the matter was that the ‘soft-underbelly’ had turned into a slow and costly grind through mountainous terrain, and instead had become a ‘tough old gut’. Allied military planners now looked to open a third front to stretch the Axis the forces across an Eastern, Western and Southern front. Operation Overlord Smuts was to bring considerable expertise to win Churchill over to backing Operation Overlord and opening the third front via France, but he had another challenge, once won over Churchill insisted on meddling in just about everything to do with the invasion plans, bringing him into direct conflict with General Montgomery specifically. General Montgomery was assigned to command the 21st Army Group which consisted of all Allied ground forces that would take part in Operation Overlord, under the overall direction of the Supreme Commander, American General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Smuts was to stick to Churchill like glue, never leaving his side, not for a moment – he was to arbitrate and advise not only Churchill, but the entire supreme command, lending a guiding and experienced hand – before and during the campaign itself. In doing so Smuts was to cement a formidable international reputation as not only a sought-after military strategist but also a very skilful politician in forming the vision for a post D-Day invasion Europe and the world at large post war. Typically, Churchill had insisted on personally hitting the beach-heads on D-Day itself (undoubtably Smuts, who was no stranger to danger, would have had no option but to be at his side). Churchill felt it important that as Prime Minister that he should be ashore with the assault forces leading from the front. His peers, the commanders and the King thought him quite mad and it eventually took an intervention from the King George VI to Churchill to insist he was too valuable to be risking his life on what would have amounted to a Public Relations antic. Ignoring this, as DDay approached it took a further letter from King George to literally order Churchill to stand down at the last-minute. Not to be outdone, Churchill did the next best thing, and with Jan Smuts at his side the two of them on D-Day itself – 6th June 1944 went to the port with journalists in toe to wish Godspeed to British and Canadian troops embarking for the liberation of Europe. The troops waiting on the quayside gave the two Prime Ministers (Smuts and Churchill) a hearty cheer as they went up the gangway. This Pathé newsreel called ‘over there’ captures D-Day and the beach-head breakout (if you watch to the end, you’ll see Churchill and Smuts). In addition, prior to the departing troops on June 6th, the newspapers of the time noted the following as to Smuts and his involvement in the planning; “General Smuts also accompanied King George V, the Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory on a visit to General Eisenhower at Supreme Headquarters on ‘D-Day’ and went to the operations room to follow the progress of the battle. Throughout the day General Smuts received independent reports from the highest quarters, of the progress of the invasion operations.”

136

It was at Eisenhower’s headquarters that, a few days earlier, that Smuts had met the French soldier and statesman General De Gaulle at “a quiet, tree-shaded spot” and that “General Eisenhower, Mr. Churchill and Mr. Eden were there as well.” The group had spent “nearly two hours together, largely in the war room tent of the Allied Supreme Commander, where the walls are hung with detailed maps and the planned liberation of France.” Not able to keep Churchill and Smuts away from the action for too long, it was a short 6 days into the landing operations (D-Day +6) on 12 June 1944, that the two of them bordered a destroyer, the HMS Kelvin crossing over to France and into the teeth of the fighting.

12 June 1944, the boarding party with Field Marshal Jan Smuts (right), Prime Minister Winston Churchill (centre) and Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke and Rear Admiral W E Parry (bottom right).” Crossing to France D-Day +6 The K-Class destroyer is the HMS Kelvin which reached the French coast at 9.30 a.m. and had steamed through the battle fleet during a bombardment and later joined in the shelling of the German north-east flank. Churchill and Smuts were then conveyed to the beach via a “DUKW” amphibious vehicle where they then met Field Marshal Montgomery, where-after they departed in a jeep for Montgomery’s headquarters for a de-briefing of the progress and offer him advise on the next phases. Whilst at Montgomery’s headquarters, General Smuts took up the role of photographer (the reason he’s not in the picture) and he was to take this world-famous photograph. From left to right: The Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke; Mr Winston Churchill; and the Commander of the 21st Army Group, General Sir Bernard Montgomery, at Montgomery’s mobile headquarters in Normandy.

137

Smuts was rather lucky to survive his visit to Normandy, as both he and Churchill could very well have been killed while visiting Monty’s headquarters at Cruelly. While visiting the headquarters and as senior officers stood outside with the Prime Minister (Churchill), Field Marshal Smuts sniffed the air and said, “There are some Germans near us now…I can always tell!” And lo and behold, just two days later, two fully armed German paratroopers emerged from a nearby Rhododendron bush, where they had been hiding all along (they had become isolated from their unit, seeing that they were unable to re-join they chose to surrender). Had they used their guns and grenades on Churchill (and Monty as well as Smuts), everything would have changed. There you have it; Smuts’ keen sense of smell and intuition is another attribute you can add to the very long list of honours attributed to this great South African. The below mage shows Winston Churchill and Field Marshal Jan Smuts with General Sir Bernard Montgomery at his headquarters, 12 June 1944 looking at aircraft activity overhead.

138

It is also really amazing when one considers that Smuts, an erstwhile enemy of the British empire during the South African War (1899-1906), was not only to reconcile himself to his former enemy over the succeeding years, but was also to be greatly respected by two British prime ministers: Lloyd George and Winston Churchill during the First and Second World Wars respectively and served on the appointed war councils in both. During the Second World War he was even appointed to the British King’s Privy Council – finding himself at the epicentre on how the war was to be conducted and fought. Notwithstanding the fact that South Africa, with Smuts as head of state, played a very key role in the liberation of Europe, Smuts also represented the large contingent of South African Union Defence Force personnel taking part in Operation Overlord seconded to the Royal Air Force, flying all manner of fighters, transports and gliders and the South Africans seconded to the Royal Navy and Royal Marines and serving on the many vessels used in the landings and in the ground invasion forces. In conclusion The King was even warm to an idea proposed by Jock Colville (Churchill’s Private Secretary) that should Prime Minister Winston Churchill die during the war (which very nearly happened in Normandy), Smuts would replace him, however this idea was never tested as Smuts would have to be a peer and British Parliamentary process would have prevented it. Smuts had also already refused a peerage and South Africa’s constitution would not have allowed him to do it anyway as he was already the Prime Minister of South Africa – and politics was such with his National Party opposition accusing him of being a ‘traitor’ at every turn, that Smuts in all likelihood would have refused outright lest he alienate his own very split Afrikaner community completely. Whether possible or not it does give an idea of just how close Smuts was to Churchill and how indispensable he had become to the war effort – strategically, tactically and politically, he was South Africa’s greatest military export – without any doubt – his council sought by Kings, Presidents, Prime Ministers, Field Marshals and Generals. His role in Overlord would rid the world of Nazism and pave the way to the ‘new’ western democratic order and United Nations order that we know today. Simply put Smuts can easily take up the same mantle as Churchill and can stand at the very epicentre of our modern values of liberty and western democratic freedoms. Related Work and Links Churchill’s desk and Smuts; Churchill’s Desk Jan Smuts; South Africa’s role in giving D-Day the green light Jan Smuts; “The force of his intellect has enriched the wisdom of the whole human race”- the death of Jan Smuts. Written by Peter Dickens. Photo copyright Imperial War Museum – caption thanks to The Southern African History Musings of Ross Dix-Peek. Nicholas Rankin,“Churchill’s Wizards, British Genius for Deception 19141945”. Colourised photo by Redux: https://www.facebook.com/Photos-Redux2505400816200782/

139

RSA INTELLIGENCE | SA INLIGTING

Arthur Fraser issues summons against Jacques Pauw, NB Publishers for R35m News24 | 18 June 2019 Former spy boss' lawyer says The President's Keepers affected his business Arthur Fraser issues summons against Jacques Pauw, NB Publishers for R35m Former State Security Agency (SSA) director general Arthur Fraser has issued a court summons against investigative journalist Jacques Pauw and NB Publishers over "harmful" statements made in Pauw's book, The President's Keepers. Fraser's lawyer, Rapulane Kgoroeadira, confirmed this on Tuesday evening, adding that the quantum for damages due to defamation stood at R35m. He said his instructions were that statements in the book caused Fraser harm and also affected his business. "He has lost a substantial amount of money." It was too early to say what would happen next, Kgoroeadira added. "The summons has been served. We will see whether the matter is defended and take it from there." NB Publishers indicated it was aware of the summons. In the book, Pauw wrote that Fraser "concocted" the Principal Agent Network (PAN) in his capacity at the National Intelligence Agency (which later formed part of the SSA). The PAN, suspended in 2011, became a household name with the release of the book, and was later red-flagged in the SSA high-level review panel report. The 10-member panel, chaired by Dr Sydney Mufamadi, found widespread abuse of the country's intelligence services for political ends, including internal ANC factional battles. According to the SSA report and Pauw's book, there was nothing necessarily sinister in setting up the PAN as it was initially envisioned, News24 reported previously. However, the allegations put before the SSA high-level review panel about the PAN were "disturbing", according to the report. "It appeared to the panel that there had been instances of serious criminal behaviour, which had taken place under the guise of conducting covert work and that this behaviour may have involved theft, forgery and uttering, fraud, corruption and even bordered on transgressions of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act," according to the SSA report. But Fraser said last month that the panel had essentially lied to President Cyril Ramaphosa in its report and had taken a "myopic" approach. He set out the various reasons why the panel's findings would have given Ramaphosa a tainted view of the problems in the intelligence agencies. Fraser said the PAN had been around for years, but a decision was taken in 1999 to review it because agents were targeting "former liberation movements". There was also "little control over their revenue generation from the businesses that they were using as front companies", he said. "It is these same individuals, who previously infiltrated liberation movements, who later migrated into intelligence structures after amalgamation and continued their practices and management of 140

sources stemming from the former apartheid era into the democratic dispensation," Fraser added at the time. He said the panel investigated some breaches within the PAN, but ignored other intelligence breaches. These include tobacco smuggling and intelligence operations against the South African Revenue Services' probe of it; and the leaking of classified documents to news agency Al Jazeera. Fraser said the report made contradictory remarks about alleged political interference in the intelligence services. The report says that politically loyal individuals were deployed to the intelligence agencies by politicians, and that the executive ignored warnings about the influence of "a certain family" over the president - presumably, a reference to the Guptas. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/arthur-fraser-issues-summons-against-jacquespauw-?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=eb062d9316EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_18_09_52&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99eb062d9316-130042309

NATIONAL STRATEGY | NASIONALE STRATEGIE I continue to worry about the future of SA - FW de Klerk FW de Klerk | 09 June 2019 Former president says being South African will continue to mean that there is no room for complacency

SPEECH BY FORMER PRESIDENT FW DE KLERK ON THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FW DE KLERK FOUNDATION THE TABLE BAY HOTEL 6 JUNE 2019 THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF SOUTH AFRICAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORIC CONSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION: DEFENDING THE CONSTITUTION AND LOOKING TO THE FUTURE Honoured Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you to this celebration of the 20th anniversary of the FW de Klerk Foundation in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of the New South Africa. I should like to share a few ideas about the process that led to the establishment of our constitutional democracy - and then to say a few words about the work of the Foundation. Every morning since I became politically-conscious I have woken up and worried about the future of the country. It is this that distinguishes South Africans from those other peoples in the world who have never had to worry about existential threats - who view politics in terms of economic and social policy, of regular elections and occasional scandals - rather than survival. It means that we South Africans have never had the option of complacency. It has required a constant process of introspection and a never-ending search for some path out of the impasses that have always seemed to confront us. When I was young, I worried about the future of the Afrikaner nation. Later, after I went into politics, I worried about how white South Africans would be able to end a manifestly unjust situation and dismount the tiger of minority rule - on which history had placed us - without being devoured. I remember the desperate period in the mid-1980s following the Rubicon Speech. The 141

economy was in crisis; we were increasingly isolated; we were fighting a low-level war against the surrogate forces of the Soviet Union; we were confronted with violent uprisings in many parts of the country. There seemed to be no light at the end of the tunnel. Then toward the end of the 1980s the logjam in which we found ourselves began to shift: - Following the restoration of order throughout the country, the ANC - led initially by Nelson Mandela from his prison cell in Cape Town - began to accept that the problems of South Africa could be resolved only through negotiations. The government had already reached a similar conclusion. - After the SADF’s victory at the Battle of the Lomba River in October 1987 - a financially exhausted Soviet Union exerted pressure on Angola and Cuba to reach an agreement with South Africa. The result was the conclusion of the tripartite agreement of 1988 that included the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola in conjunction with the implementation of the UN’s independence process in Namibia. - The successful process in Namibia - in terms of which the territory gained independence with a proper democratic constitution - that is still in place - reassured South Africans that fundamental rights could be protected by strongly-entrenched constitutional agreements. - Finally, the collapse of the Soviet Union - symbolised by the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 - helped to address the government’s deep concern regarding the influence of the South African Communist Party - backed up by the Soviet Union - over the ANC. We realised that the circumstances would never again be so favourable for constitutional negotiations as they were at the beginning of 1990. The longer we waited to initiate negotiations the more the balance of forces would inexorably shift against us. And so, on 2 February 1990, I rose in Parliament to make the announcements that would change South Africa forever. The next four years were a roller-coaster ride - marked by crises that time and again threatened to derail the whole transformation process. These crises included: - the exposure in 1990 of the ANC’s Operation Vula - in terms of which the ANC was continuing to develop a clandestine military capability - despite the commencement of negotiations; - faceless violence perpetrated by extremists on all sides who were opposed to a negotiated settlement; - the Boipatong massacre and the ANC’s subsequent withdrawal from CODESA; - The “Leipzig Option” - in terms of which the ANC attempted to circumvent the need for negotiations by bringing down the government through rolling mass action and national strikes; - the ill-fated ANC march on Bisho; - the Record of Understanding of 26 September 1992 and the decision of the IFP and other parties to boycott the negotiations; - Judge Goldstone’s discovery in November 1992 of continuing illegal activities by elements in Military Intelligence; - the assassination of Chris Hani on 10 April 1993; - the AWB assault on the World Trade Centre; - the Bophuthatswana crisis; and - the IFP’s refusal until the very last minute to participate in the elections. There were many, many mornings during the negotiations when I awoke and worried about the future. Despite these crises we emerged in December 1993 with an agreement on an Interim Constitution that ticked all the boxes that CODESA had set for itself in the Declaration of Intent at the start of the negotiations in December 1991. These included vitally important principles such as: - the supremacy of the Constitution; - an independent, non-racial and impartial judiciary; - multi-party democracy; - the separation of powers; - acknowledgement of South Africa’s diversity of languages, cultures and religions; and - an entrenched and justiciable Bill of Rights. 142

This was a remarkable achievement by any standard. It was, perhaps, one of the greatest and most successful change management processes anywhere in the world at any time in history. It was a victory for all those black, brown and Indian South Africans who had struggled for so long for freedom, for non-racialism and for full political rights. But it was also a victory for the great majority of white South Africans who had sought for so long to extricate themselves from the impossible position in which history had placed them. It was South Africa’s greatest achievement. The constitutional agreements that we reached provided a fair and reasonable foundation for our new society. Despite the many serious problems and challenges that continue to confront us, we have made significant progress during the past 25 years: - We have put an end to the indignities and injustices of apartheid; - We have resumed our place as a full member of the international community; - We have experienced a quarter century of relative peace during which tens of millions of South Africans have been able to proceed with their daily lives; - We have established a functioning multi-party democracy and have just held our sixth free and fair national elections; - Our courts remain independent and frequently strike down laws and executive action that are unconstitutional; - Our free media, civil society and courts have helped us to ward off the very real threat of State capture. South Africa’s successful constitutional transformation was regarded throughout the world as one of the most positive developments of the latter part of the 20th century. It seemed to show that even the most intractable problems could be solved peacefully through negotiations, compromise and goodwill. Many observers regarded it as a miracle. And yet 25 years later hardly any attention is given to the great process that gave birth to the new South Africa. The story of the multi-party genesis of our new society through tough negotiations and painful compromises is being airbrushed out of history and is being replaced with a narrative of unilateral revolutionary victory. Today, the FW de Klerk Foundation is celebrating its 20th anniversary. We established the Foundation on 6 June 1999 in the hope that we would be able to make a contribution to upholding the core elements in the great national accord that we South Africans negotiated in December 1993. I felt that I had a residual duty to all those who voted ‘yes’ in the 1992 referendum - and to all those who had voted for the National Party in the 1994 election - to stand by the agreements that we had negotiated on their behalf - and on behalf of all of the people of South Africa. We decided to focus our efforts firstly on defending, and promoting the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, and secondly on advocating and supporting constitutional provisions that defend the rights of cultural and linguistic minorities and that promote positive inter-community relations. During the past 20 years we have played a prominent role in the national debate on these matters: - We have consistently called for effective steps to advance equality; - We have supported a balanced approach to land reform and have resolutely opposed attempts to expropriate property without compensation; - We were one of the first civil society organisations to warn of the implications of the ANC’s National Democratic Revolution ideology; - We have campaigned for the language and cultural rights of all our communities and have opposed the progressive elimination of Afrikaans at university level; - We exposed and opposed illegal initiatives to capture key State institutions and State-owned enterprises - starting with the decision at Polokwane to disband the Scorpions in 2007; - We were proud to assist with Glynnis Breytenbach’s defence against the spurious charges that the forces of State capture had laid against her;

143

- We have campaigned for the independence of the Judiciary and joined as amicus curiae the case of the Cape Bar Council against the Judicial Service Commission over the manner in which judges are appointed; - We have spoken out against unbalanced affirmative action and were instrumental in initiating litigation against the Department of Correctional Services over its requirement that Coloured personnel in the Western Cape should be appointed and promoted according to national demographic criteria; - We have opposed both old and new forms of racism. - We have warned that the government has failed to observe constitutional requirements in respect of language and cultural rights. We hope that we will be able to continue with this work deep into the future. In addition to the attention that we have traditionally given to upholding the Constitution and to promoting positive relations between communities, we have now adopted a third goal: it will be to preserve, communicate and celebrate the memory of the great constitutional transformation process that gave birth to - and provided the foundation for - our new society. To this end we plan to acquire our own building that will provide the home for a documentation and education centre for the remembrance of our constitutional transformation process. We shall start this venture modestly - but we hope that with time it will grow into an institution worthy of the commemoration of the greatest success that all the people of South Africa have ever achieved. I continue to worry about the future of South Africa. Now when I wake in the mornings, I worry about the need of all our parties to abide by the great constitutional accord upon which our new society has been founded. I worry about unacceptable levels of inequality, poverty, unemployment and corruption. I worry about growing bitterness and alienation in race relations. I worry about those who seek to place their own divisive ideologies above the uniting values in our Constitution. Being South African will continue to mean that there is no room for complacency. In the years ahead the FW de Klerk Foundation will continue to uphold the Constitution and to promote positive inter-community relations. It will continue to search for paths out of the impasses that will continue to confront South Africa. But now it will also seek to keep alive the memory of South Africaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest achievement - of how South Africans from all our communities and political parties came together to reach agreement about the foundations of our new society. It will seek to remind South Africans of what we can achieve when we all work together in spirit of compromise and goodwill. Issued by the FW de Klerk Foundation. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/i-continue-to-worry-about-the-future-of-sa--fw-de?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=a80e3e53b8EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_09_08_45&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99a80e3e53b8-130042309

People's War, fake news, and the dogs that failed to bark John Kane-Berman | 10 June 2019 John Kane-Berman writes on the updated and abridged version of Anthea Jeffery's study The Battle of Waterloo, so we were told at school, was won on the playing fields of Eton. The Vietnam war, we learnt sometime later, was lost not in the skies above that country, or on the ground below, but on the television screens of America. What then of the "People's War" here in South Africa? It was won by the African National Congress (ANC) less in the urban townships and rural villages of this land than in the newsrooms of the world. How that came about you will discover by reading the updated and abridged version of Anthea Jeffery's study of the people's war. Let me give you a clue. It is well known that many members of the ANC went for military training in the Crimea, or studied in Moscow or in some of the Soviet Union's colonies in Eastern Europe. But 144

among the men who have had the most influence on the fortunes of this country is one of whom few people have heard, but to whom Oliver Tambo, Thabo Mbeki, Joe Slovo, Moses Mabhida, and others paid a visit in October 1978, and from whom, in the words of Mr Mbeki, they learnt how to "intensify our struggle for liberation". The man was General Vo Nguyen Giap, commander in chief of the People's Army of North Vietnam. From him and from others during their study tour, the leadership of the ANC, the South African Communist Party (SACP), and Umkhonto we Sizwe learnt how to wage a people's war. This was directed against their key black rivals as well as against the National Party government and its formidable security forces. Equally important, they also learnt how to combine political with military struggles. The strategy was set out in a handbook entitled The Green Book – Lessons from Vietnam that was published in August 1979. It was merciless, as well as comprehensive. It included not only the use of terror, but also wooing Afrikaner and other white opinion leaders, weakening the black consciousness movement and Inkatha, setting up front organisations, tactical downplaying of the ultimate socialist objective, unscrupulous and cynical manipulation of the entire constitutional negotiating process, and capturing the largest trade union federation. When the ANC delegation went to Vietnam, Cyril Ramaphosa was just getting going as a trade unionist. But few people were more adept than he at applying some of the lessons set out in The Green Book. We have read plenty about Mr Ramaphosa's negotiating skills, but very little about how he and Nelson Mandela used the formula for people's war to win by menace what they could not win by argument at the negotiating table. They were also both superbly gifted at spreading what is today known as "fake news". One of the victims was Mangosuthu Buthelezi. There was a terrific hue and cry in the media over the traditional weapons that his supporters carried, but largely silence over the AK47s that the ANC absolutely refused to discard. Another victim was FW de Klerk. The then state president said he would never agree to hand over power to a transitional government, or that the new constitution should be written by an ANC-dominated constituent assembly. I watched in amazement as the NP abandoned both these bottom lines in the face of an onslaught of violence accompanied by an onslaught of fake news. But the spread of fake news by the media is only half the story. The other half is what they did not print, and why they did not print it. This is reminiscent of the story in Sherlock Holmes about the "curious incident" of the dog that did not bark in the night. This book will help you understand why the media was so selective in its presentation of news. We at the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) knew what was not being printed and why. Dating back to the mid-1980s, when the people's war was launched, we published as much as we could. Unfortunately, we could not prevail over the ANC and its allies in the media, in the churches, in foreign embassies, among slide away liberals, and in various violence monitoring agencies. Raymond Suttner of the SACP once wrote of the need to win the propaganda war about violence. There is no doubt that the ANC and its allies won it. This book is a unique contribution to setting the record straight – and to a deeper understanding of the nature of the party that is ruling us, and of the lengths to which it might go to retain power. And finally, nobody reading this book will be in the least surprised at how the ANC has behaved in recent years. * John Kane-Berman is a policy fellow at the IRR, a think-tank that promotes political and economic freedom. This article is the text of his remarks at the launch in Johannesburg and Pretoria last week of the IRR's latest book, People's War – New Light on the Struggle for South Africa by Anthea Jeffery, published by Jonathan Ball. The book will be launched in Cape Town on Thursday 13 June. Readers are invited to take a stand with the IRR by clicking here or sending an SMS with your name to 32823. Each SMS costs R1. Ts and Cs apply. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/peoples-war-fake-news-and-the-dogs-that-failed-to?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=b97ef31cd1EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_10_03_29&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99b97ef31cd1-130042309 145

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE | REGSPLEGING

Shamila Batohi's briefing on the NPA, Investigating Directorate Shamila Batohi | 24 May 2019 NDPP cautions that complex cases take a while to investigate properly, 24 May 2019 NDPP MEDIA BRIEFING 24 MAY 2019 Good morning. It’s been almost 4 months since I briefed the media on 1 February, the day I took office, and I thank you for your patience. I had intended to brief the media sooner, but I didn’t appreciate the depth and extent of the challenges, both internal and external, that I’d be facing in revitalising the NPA. I am the seventh NDPP (including Acting NDPPs) over the last decade. Over this period the NPA has experienced, as has been publically revealed, politically-motivated changes in leadership, allegations of impropriety against some of its leadership, an exodus of skilled staff, a hiring freeze, a virtual end to its professional development and training programmes, and a fiscally-induced vacancy rate that’s brought the NPA’s operations close to collapse in some centres. I have in the past 4 months been listening, understanding, engaging at various levels, and attending to various priorities that were identified. These include: 1. Addressing the NPA leadership crisis. This is critical to restoring the credibility of the NPA, which needs a fresh new, dynamic leadership. I made important changes that were widely reported on, but more needs to be done. However, for various reasons, this has not been as quick or easy but important progress will be made shortly. 2. Conduct of reviews of high-profile cases relating to decisions to prosecute or not to prosecute. This will also assist in restoring credibility. In this regard, we have identified a number of cases (including those investigated by IPID), which we are reviewing. 3. A Review of the structure of the NPA – To improve effectiveness I have decided on a decentralised model, with small, specialised, highly skilled capacities at the National Office to actively support prosecutors in the regions. This will build more capacity in the regions, maintaining specialisation for example with regard to the Specialised Commercial Crimes, terrorism, and other crime types that may be identified e.g. cyber-crime. 4. Obtaining more budget for the NPA. This is a very serious problem for the NPA. There has been no recruitment since 2016. The impact on the delivery of justice and moral of prosecutors working in extremely challenging conditions, is huge. We will not be able to deliver the service that the people deserve, or effectively deal with holding persons accountable for crimes (outside of the Investigating Directorate) if this situation persists. This is one of the key issues to be discussed with the new Minister of Justice. 5. Managing cases relating to State Capture, including the creation of the Investigating Directorate has been a priority – which I will deal with later. The challenges we face have provided opportunities to begin the complex process of revitalising and repairing the NPA. Together with the leadership of the NPA, I have also been working on a number of other important issues: Partnership engagement: To achieve our vision, the NPA must collaborate with its governmental partners, including the police and the courts. I have made it one of my priorities to reach out to our 146

partners and candidly discuss challenges, which have impeded effective cooperation. I have met with the Police Commissioner, Lt Gen Sithole and I have had several meetings with the Head of the Hawks, General Lebeya. We recognise that there are huge challenges in law enforcement – lack of skills, lack of discipline, corruption, etc. However, we have been working together very closely to address various priority cases. We have also been working with the Financial Intelligence Centre FIC), the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) and the South African Revenue Service (SARS), amongst others. Stakeholder engagement: I have sought to reach out to the business sector and civil society groups, which represent important constituencies in South Africa. My outreach efforts include South Africa’s development partners, including the foreign diplomatic community, who are watching carefully whether we can reverse the effects of years of state capture in order to place SA back on a positive development and economic trajectory, to restore the rule of law, and build confidence in our institutions. Strengthening morale and empowering NPA staff: On my first day in office, I requested that a staff survey be undertaken. New in my position as NDPP, I wanted to hear from everyone in the NPA. The NPA succeeds or fails on the ability, skills and knowledge of its people. Our people are the NPA’s greatest asset. To succeed, the NPA must nurture and empower all its people. To this end, I’m undertaking numerous visits to our regional and local offices across the country, to meet with, and listen to, prosecutors and staff working at the coalface of the criminal justice system. I’ve asked for a review of the NPA’s professional development and training capacity to ensure we have the human resources and skills to be a cutting-edge prosecution service that all can be proud of, ready to meet the challenges it faces. Create a Strategic support & innovation capacity in the Office of the NDPP: My office will draw in skills and resources – including the private sector and international experts – to provide capacity to the NDPP’s Office to focus on longer-term strategic issues, trends and challenges facing the NPA, and criminal justice. Also to serve as an innovation hub for new and creative solutions to intractable operational and institutional challenges facing the NPA. Ambitious developmental vision - My vision for the NPA is ambitious, but it is something that the majority of the prosecutors support, according to the staff survey. It is to rebuild and lead a trusted and effective prosecution service that pursues justice for all South Africans through independent, professional and victimcentred service delivery. This vision depends on 4 key pillars: credibility, independence, professionalism and accountability. - An important role the NPA has to fulfil, is to undertake effective prosecutions. The country is crying out for this – but the NPA is about much more than only prosecuting cases in court long after a crime has been committed. The work of the NPA must – and will – make an effective contribution to the country’s socio-economic development. Hunger for progress In addition to all the other crime types that the NPA has to focus on, including sexual and genderbased crimes, corruption has become endemic in our society. There is, understandably, tremendous hunger and impatience for justice, and that expectations for immediate arrests are high. The proclamation of an Investigating Directorate is an important step to restoring the rule of law in South Africa. The SAPS and the NPA are working closely to ensure that we are able to address the scourge of corruption in our country at the different levels. The National Commissioner has committed the full support of the SAPS to the work of the Investigating Directorate, and as you can see both he and Gen Lebeya are here to take your questions. I am pleased to introduce Adv Hermione Cronje to you today. While many of you will have seen from other media reports that her academic and professional qualifications and past work experience more than qualify her for the position of Investigating Director, I want to assure you that, having worked with her in the past when we were both in the NPA in the early 2000s, and again over the last two months, I have absolute confidence that she has the temperament, the 147

resolve and the commitment to make a success of this challenging assignment. She is passionate, astute and will fiercely defend the rule of law. If anyone can do this job she can. As you know she has been working closely with Andrea Johnson over the past few months in getting to grips with what progress is being made within the NPA to hold accountable those implicated in corruption. They will continue to work through which of these cases will be referred to the ID and which cases will remain with the prosecutors in the Specialised Commercial Crime Unit. It is therefore also vital that, outside of the Investigating Directorate, other cases of serious corruption which them NPA will need to deal with – which are destroying our communities and have eroded public trust in state officials – also receive the necessary attention and resources. The establishment of the Directorate will immensely strengthen the capacity to address corruption. However, I want to caution that complex cases take a while to investigate properly, and as we know, many cases have been neglected for many years. But I am confident that those responsible will be held accountable. We will relentlessly pursue the course of justice and respect for the rule of law will prevail. It gives me pleasure to hand you over to Adv Cronje who will give you more detail about the Investigating Directorate. MEDIA BRIEFING STATEMENT – ADV HERMIONE CRONJE INVESTIGATING DIRECTOR IN THE OFFICE OF THE NDPP FRIDAY, 24 MAY 2019 I am grateful to the NDPP for the confidence she has expressed in my ability to do this job. I am also humbled and I must admit, a little baffled by the response to the announcement of my appointment as Investigating Director to deal with corruption. I can assure you it is not a decision I took lightly. I am aware of the challenges. I am acutely aware of the importance of holding accountable those responsible for the state of our institutions, particularly institutions in the security sector (such as the NPA,SAPS and the SSA) that ought to have brought to book those responsible for the looting we have heard about in the Commission of Enquiry into State Capture led by DCJ Raymond Zondo and in the media. I am also aware of the scale of the problem in our State-Owned Enterprises such as ESKOM, TRANSNET, PRASA and others. I am conscious of the need to send a strong message that those who pocket, for their own personal gain, funds earmarked for the development of our country and for meeting the needs of our people, will face the consequences of their actions. Of course, I am also aware of the need to restore confidence in institutions of government, including the Executive at the highest level, by giving the assurance that those who divert public funds for their personal benefit, no matter how high the office they hold, will have to answer for any crimes they commit. Our capacity to deal with these challenges has been severely compromised. We have been tested and found wanting. We will need to rebuild the skill, capacity and resilience of investigators and prosecutors to tackle these challenges head on. I am fully aware that ordinary South Africans have very high expectations of us (almost impossible expectations). They are holding out hope that we can bring an end to impunity and finally bring to book those who have so brazenly flouted our laws. I have no doubt that those who are responsible for the state of affairs in our country will not be sitting idly by while we seek to hold them accountable for what they have done and that any benefits they derived unlawfully are recovered from them. I have every expectation that they will continue to seek to avoid accountability for their crimes. They will plot to exploit any weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the system and its people. There will be much to endure, as investigators and prosecutors who were merely trying to do their jobs, have had to endure in the recent past. I am aware of all these challenges and more, and I am by no means naive to the enormity of the task. But what I also know is: We are resilient as a people. Those within the police and the prosecution are no exceptions. There are many who did not buckle under the tremendous pressure they faced, they did not give in but focused day in and day out on doing the right thing in their area of influence. People who retained 148

their integrity despite intense pressure to act contrary to what they knew was right, who did not turn a blind eye to wrongdoing in their midst. These are the people we hope to re-invigorate, to support and to encourage to carry on the fight. We have allies in this fight, in the NGO sector, in the media, in business, churches, trade unions and in ordinary South Africans who want to win back control of their country. We have been inundated with pledges of support from a variety of institutions and a range of individuals. We fully intend to harness this support. We also have the support from our counterparts around the globe, from Investigators and prosecutors from around the globe who face similar challenges – who have indicated their willingness to provide us with the support we need, be it assisting with gathering evidence, providing training and transferring skill, capacity and know how, they will support us. We intend to make full use of this support. I am secure in the knowledge that while I have been appointed to lead this initiative, I will not be alone. I derive a great deal of strength and purpose from this knowledge. As I said to someone who asked me if I genuinely believed it is even possible to turn back the tide of corruption and impunity we have experienced as a country over the last few years, I said unambiguously, I would not have accepted the job if I did not think we were in with more than just a fighting chance! So that’s me. As for the Directorate: I would like to share with you the following about how we envisage the Directorate will function: Mandate/ scope of work • The Directorate, as stated in the proclamation, is required to focus on serious, complex and highprofile corruption, including allegations of corruption arising from the three Commissions of Enquiry led by Judge Zondo (State Capture), Judge Mpati (PIC Enquiry) and Judge Nugent (SARS Enquiry). What is already clear is that the Directorate will have no shortage of work. In fact, a very real challenge will be to resist the temptation to take on more than it can adequately address. - We will be focused on restoring the integrity of government and the credibility of the criminal justice system. We envisage at the outset to focus operations in the following three broad areas - Corruption in the Security sector (specifically in the criminal justice system)- it is important we get our own house in order and build confidence in the system); - Corruption in the SOEs, (Eskom, Transnet and PRASA), etc and - Other high level public and private sector corruption – including a focus on those who have systematically and actively sought to corrupt government procurement systems and processes for private gain or private sector corruption that undermines the security of the country or impacts disproportionately on the lives of ordinary people. Operations - It is envisaged that the Directorate will only take on a limited number of cases that will have a very high impact. Our case selection criteria will ensure that we address those who planned, orchestrated or instigated the corruption of the system and those who ultimately derived the benefit of the looting of state coffers, not only those foot-soldiers who merely implemented their corrupt schemes. We need to address those who actively and systematically weakened the capacity of the criminal justice system to ensure that the corrupt escaped accountability for their crimes. - There is a general frustration with the failure on the part of the criminal justice system as a whole to deal with serious corruption. There will be tremendous pressure to take on all corruption cases out there. We want to emphasise that the ID is not a replacement for existing structures or departmental mandates. Its role is to ensure that the system is resolving high-level corruption, addressing a particular crisis we face as a country at this point in time. The approach we adopt has to be an integrated and co-ordinated one. We will not be going it alone. - Our case selection criteria will therefore be mindful of - and aligned to - the other role-players in the criminal justice system who will remain responsible for investigating and prosecuting corruption cases. We have been consulting with DPP’s in the prosecution and the DPCI on the boundaries of 149

our respective mandates to ensure that we avoid duplication, or worse cases falling through the cracks. There is no need for competition, there is unfortunately more than enough work for all of us. The system as a whole will needs to up its game. - Mindful of the need to take swift action in the short term, a lot of work hasalready been done by my colleague Andrea Johnson, to determine the state of affairs with cases already being dealt with in the NPA. She has identified the challenges that need to be addressed to make swift progress on these cases. In relation to the cases that fall within the mandate of the Investigating Directorate and meet its case intake criteria, the immediate focus will be on co-ordinating, overseeing and strengthening our collective capability/capacity to ensure successful investigation, prosecution and recovery of assets. Personnel working on these cases will remain part of these teams, provided they agree to subject themselves to enhanced integrity screening and have the skill and capacity to perform at the required level and want to work in the Directorate. In addition, we are in the process of establishing a core operational team. I am pleased to announce that we have procured the services of Advocate Geoff Budlender SC, to provide strategic legal advice on a range of topics. We have also have secured the return to the NPA of Adv Thanda Mgwengwe, former operational head of the Scorpions who was seconded to Swaziland to head up the Anti-Corruption Agency in that country. In addition, we have been working closely with the SAPS and the DPCI, who have already dedicated senior staff to assist the NPA with the establishment of the Directorate. Similarly, colleagues in the Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC), the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), the South African Revenue Services (SARS) and the State Security Agency have all pledged their support in ensuring the Directorate is successful. - We have also had several engagements with the private sector, and particularly with bodies like Business Against Crime, SABRIC, the accounting and the legal professions to look at innovative and cost-effective ways to access skills and capacity in the private sector. The responses we have had have been overwhelmingly positive. - We intend to engage civil society, not only to provide input on specific investigations based on the work conducted in the past, but also look for ways in which civil society can continue to hold the Directorate accountable to fulfilling its mandate. Recruitment more generally - The NPA Act does not envisage that we appoint staff on a permanent basis, but rather envisages that we select a matter for investigation, identify the skill and capacity that will be needed to address the matter and then source those skills from the public or the private sector for the timeframe needed to do the work. Once brought into the Directorate personnel will dedicate themselves to fulltime to the Directorate for the duration of the assignment. - Re-assignment, and in some cases, secondment will be the basis on which staff will be recruited from the public sector, but we also aim to recruit extensively from the private sector on contract â&#x20AC;&#x201C; both forensic investigation and legal skills. - Whoever is recruited or assigned to work in the Directorate will be subjected to security vetting and to initial and ongoing enhanced integrity testing. Personnel will therefore need to agree to subject themselves to these enhanced measures, such as random testing for the abuse of alcohol or drugs, or the use of the polygraph or similar instrument to ascertain, confirm or examine in a scientific manner the truthfulness of a statement made by the person. As I indicated at the beginning, I am alive to the challenges we face. I am confident that we have in this country what it takes to make it work. I am enthusiastic, keen and committed, and I am thrilled to be back, fighting the good fight. I am equally clear that there is no magic wand, and that we are no super heroes. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s up to all of us to do our bit. I trust we will have all your support. ENDS https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/shamila-batohis-briefing-on-the-npa-investigating?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=29b40b5723EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_03_10_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db9929b40b5723-130042309 150

1910 (circa) Resident Magistrateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office: Heidelberg, Transvaal

Hermione Cronje's NPA briefing Hermione Cronje | 24 May 2019 Investigating Director her mandate and scope of work, 24 May 2019 MEDIA BRIEFING STATEMENT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ADV HERMIONE CRONJE INVESTIGATING DIRECTOR IN THE OFFICE OF THE NDPP FRIDAY, 24 MAY 2019 I am grateful to the NDPP for the confidence she has expressed in my ability to do this job. I am also humbled and I must admit, a little baffled by the response to the announcement of my appointment as Investigating Director to deal with corruption. I can assure you it is not a decision I took lightly. I am aware of the challenges. I am acutely aware of the importance of holding accountable those responsible for the state of our institutions, particularly institutions in the security sector (such as the NPA,SAPS and the SSA) that ought to have brought to book those responsible for the looting we have heard about in the Commission of Enquiry into State Capture led by DCJ Raymond Zondo and in the media. I am also aware of the scale of the problem in our State-Owned Enterprises such as ESKOM, TRANSNET, PRASA and others. I am conscious of the need to send a strong message that those who pocket, for their own personal gain, funds earmarked for the development of our country and for meeting the needs of our people, will face the consequences of their actions. Of course, I am also aware of the need to restore confidence in institutions of government, including the Executive at the highest level, by giving the assurance that those who divert public funds for their personal benefit, no matter how high the office they hold, will have to answer for any crimes they commit. 151

Our capacity to deal with these challenges has been severely compromised. We have been tested and found wanting. We will need to rebuild the skill, capacity and resilience of investigators and prosecutors to tackle these challenges head on. I am fully aware that ordinary South Africans have very high expectations of us (almost impossible expectations). They are holding out hope that we can bring an end to impunity and finally bring to book those who have so brazenly flouted our laws. I have no doubt that those who are responsible for the state of affairs in our country will not be sitting idly by while we seek to hold them accountable for what they have done and that any benefits they derived unlawfully are recovered from them. I have every expectation that they will continue to seek to avoid accountability for their crimes. They will plot to exploit any weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the system and its people. There will be much to endure, as investigators and prosecutors who were merely trying to do their jobs, have had to endure in the recent past. I am aware of all these challenges and more, and I am by no means naive to the enormity of the task. But what I also know is: We are resilient as a people. Those within the police and the prosecution are no exceptions. There are many who did not buckle under the tremendous pressure they faced, they did not give in but focused day in and day out on doing the right thing in their area of influence. People who retained their integrity despite intense pressure to act contrary to what they knew was right, who did not turn a blind eye to wrongdoing in their midst. These are the people we hope to re-invigorate, to support and to encourage to carry on the fight. We have allies in this fight, in the NGO sector, in the media, in business, churches, trade unions and in ordinary South Africans who want to win back control of their country. We have been inundated with pledges of support from a variety of institutions and a range of individuals. We fully intend to harness this support. We also have the support from our counterparts around the globe, from Investigators and prosecutors from around the globe who face similar challenges â&#x20AC;&#x201C; who have indicated their willingness to provide us with the support we need, be it assisting with gathering evidence, providing training and transferring skill, capacity and know how, they will support us. We intend to make full use of this support. I am secure in the knowledge that while I have been appointed to lead this initiative, I will not be alone. I derive a great deal of strength and purpose from this knowledge. As I said to someone who asked me if I genuinely believed it is even possible to turn back the tide of corruption and impunity we have experienced as a country over the last few years, I said unambiguously, I would not have accepted the job if I did not think we were in with more than just a fighting chance! So thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s me. As for the Directorate: I would like to share with you the following about how we envisage the Directorate will function: Mandate / scope of work - The Directorate, as stated in the proclamation, is required to focus on serious, complex and highprofile corruption, including allegations of corruption arising from the three Commissions of Enquiry led by Judge Zondo (State Capture), Judge Mpati (PIC Enquiry) and Judge Nugent (SARS Enquiry). What is already clear is that the Directorate will have no shortage of work. In fact, a very real challenge will be to resist the temptation to take on more than it can adequately address. - We will be focused on restoring the integrity of government and the credibility of the criminal justice system. We envisage at the outset to focus operations in the following three broad areas - Corruption in the Security sector (specifically in the criminal justice system)- it is important we get our own house in order and build confidence in the system); - Corruption in the SOEs, (Eskom, Transnet and PRASA), etc and - Other high-level public and private sector corruption â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including a focus on those who have systematically and actively sought to corrupt government procurement systems and processes for 152

private gain or private sector corruption that undermines the security of the country or impacts disproportionately on the lives of ordinary people. Operations - It is envisaged that the Directorate will only take on a limited number of cases that will have a very high impact. Our case selection criteria will ensure that we address those who planned, orchestrated or instigated the corruption of the system and those who ultimately derived the benefit of the looting of state coffers, not only those foot-soldiers who merely implemented their corrupt schemes. We need to address those who actively and systematically weakened the capacity of the criminal justice system to ensure that the corrupt escaped accountability for their crimes. - There is a general frustration with the failure on the part of the criminal justice system as a whole to deal with serious corruption. There will be tremendous pressure to take on all corruption cases out there. We want to emphasise that the ID is not a replacement for existing structures or departmental mandates. Its role is to ensure that the system is resolving high-level corruption, addressing a particular crisis we face as a country at this point in time. The approach we adopt has to be an integrated and co-ordinated one. We will not be going it alone. - Our case selection criteria will therefore be mindful of - and aligned to - the other role-players in the criminal justice system who will remain responsible for investigating and prosecuting corruption cases. We have been consulting with DPPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the prosecution and the DPCI on the boundaries of our respective mandates to ensure that we avoid duplication, or worse cases falling through the cracks. There is no need for competition, there is unfortunately more than enough work for all of us. The system as a whole will needs to up its game. - Mindful of the need to take swift action in the short term, a lot of work hasalready been done by my colleague Andrea Johnson, to determine the state of affairs with cases already being dealt with in the NPA. She has identified the challenges that need to be addressed to make swift progress on these cases. In relation to the cases that fall within the mandate of the Investigating Directorate and meet its case intake criteria, the immediate focus will be on co-ordinating, overseeing and strengthening our collective capability/capacity to ensure successful investigation, prosecution and recovery of assets. Personnel working on these cases will remain part of these teams, provided they agree to subject themselves to enhanced integrity screening and have the skill and capacity to perform at the required level and want to work in the Directorate. In addition, we are in the process of establishing a core operational team. I am pleased to announce that we have procured the services of Advocate Geoff Budlender SC, to provide strategic legal advice on a range of topics. We have also have secured the return to the NPA of Adv Thanda Mgwengwe, former operational head of the Scorpions who was seconded to Swaziland to head up the Anti-Corruption Agency in that country. In addition, we have been working closely with the SAPS and the DPCI, who have already dedicated senior staff to assist the NPA with the establishment of the Directorate. Similarly, colleagues in the Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC), the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), the South African Revenue Services (SARS) and the State Security Agency have all pledged their support in ensuring the Directorate is successful. - We have also had several engagements with the private sector, and particularly with bodies like Business Against Crime, SABRIC, the accounting and the legal professions to look at innovative and cost-effective ways to access skills and capacity in the private sector. The responses we have had have been overwhelmingly positive. - We intend to engage civil society, not only to provide input on specific investigations based on the work conducted in the past, but also look for ways in which civil society can continue to hold the Directorate accountable to fulfilling its mandate. Recruitment more generally - The NPA Act does not envisage that we appoint staff on a permanent basis, but rather envisages that we select a matter for investigation, identify the skill and capacity that will be needed to address the matter and then source those skills from the public or the private sector for the time153

frame needed to do the work. Once brought into the Directorate personnel will dedicate themselves to fulltime to the Directorate for the duration of the assignment. - Re-assignment, and in some cases, secondment will be the basis on which staff will be recruited from the public sector, but we also aim to recruit extensively from the private sector on contract â&#x20AC;&#x201C; both forensic investigation and legal skills. - Whoever is recruited or assigned to work in the Directorate will be subjected to security vetting and to initial and ongoing enhanced integrity testing. Personnel will therefore need to agree to subject themselves to these enhanced measures, such as random testing for the abuse of alcohol or drugs, or the use of the polygraph or similar instrument to ascertain, confirm or examine in a scientific manner the truthfulness of a statement made by the person. As I indicated at the beginning, I am alive to the challenges we face. I am confident that we have in this country what it takes to make it work. I am enthusiastic, keen and committed, and I am thrilled to be back, fighting the good fight. I am equally clear that there is no magic wand, and that we are no super heroes. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s up to all of us to do our bit. I trust we will have all your support. ENDS https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/hermione-cronjes-npabriefing?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=29b40b5723EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_03_10_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db9929b40b5723-130042309

3 Boeremag members in prison for treason want to be released News24 | 18 June 2019 Lets Pretorius and his two sons, Johan Pretorius and Wilhelm Pretorius, approached court on Tuesday 3 Boeremag members in prison for treason want to be released, say their trial was unlawful 18 June 2019 Three Boeremag members found guilty of treason have again turned to the Gauteng High Court in Pretoria, asking that their trial be declared unlawful and that they be released unconditionally. Lets Pretorius and his two sons, Johan Pretorius and Wilhelm Pretorius, approached the court on Tuesday, bringing an application to have their case declared null and void on constitutional grounds. Advocate Hercules Booysen, for the accused, told the court that the Boeremag members, a right wing group, had a number of their rights violated during and after the trial. "One of the rights that we regard as being violated is their right to appeal," Booysen said.After their conviction and sentencing in 2013, the three Boeremag members attempted to appeal, but after being denied leave to appeal, they were unable to approach the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) directly as they were not given the necessary documentation, Booysen argued. According to Booysen, the three convicted men tried for nearly five years to get the documentation, including the order refusing leave to appeal from the registrar of the Gauteng High Court in Pretoria, but were unsuccessful. He said the fight to file an appeal with the SCA led to a protracted trial that went on for 16 years, adding that his clients have the right to a reasonable trial length. Booysen said the three men then turned to the United Nations, filing a complaint with the Human Rights Committee, claiming that their rights had been violated. He added that the complaint was laid in terms of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which is implemented by the Human Rights Committee and which South Africa is a signatory to. "The trial must be declared unlawful, null and void and the accused should be entitled to be released," Booysen said. Judge Peter Mabuse asked Booysen what would then happen to the trial and the offences that the accused were found guilty of. 154

Booysen said that, because of the "violations" endured by the three Boeremag members, the charges should be quashed, their criminal records removed, and an order made that no retrial can take place. He added that all three accused had already served six years in prison, and that they had already been "very harshly" punished. Application is frivolous Advocate Zinzile Matabese, acting on behalf of the State, the Minister of Justice, Correctional Services, and the National Director of Public Prosecutions, argued that the application was vexatious and frivolous. Matebese argued that the High Court did not have the jurisdiction or power to review itself and that these matters should be dealt with in a superior court. He added that the application should be argued in the SCA and the fact that a complaint has been laid with the Human Rights Committee did not change the court's jurisdiction. In 2013, Lets Pretorius was sentenced to 20 years in prison, while his two sons were each given a life sentence. Lets' third son, Kobus Pretorius, who was the "master bomb maker" was sentenced to 20 years, of which 10 were suspended. Kobus has since become alienated from his family and was not part of the application. In 2002, the Boeremag claimed responsibility for a series of bomb attacks in Soweto, one of which killed a woman. They had also planned to assassinate former president Nelson Mandela. Their goal was to destroy the new democracy in the country. Judgment has been reserved. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/3-boeremag-members-in-prison-for-treasonwant-to-b?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=eb062d9316EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_18_09_52&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99eb062d9316-130042309

POLICE: INTERNATIONAL

155

Angola The Brazilian secret mission in the Angolan War: Gisele Lobato Gisele Lobato*

General Andre Beukes and Ms Gisele Lobato. Brazil was the first country to recognize the independence declared by the MPLA in Angola. However, despite Brasília’s official position, a group of agents tied to the Brazilian dictatorship came to reinforce FNLA troops in the second half of 1975. The presence of Brazilians at the FNLA headquarters was recorded in the book In Search of Enemies, published in 1978. The author, John Stockwell, is the former CIA agent who coordinated the U.S. operation in Angola. In his book, he describes an alleged encounter with Holden Roberto in Ambriz, in mid-1975: “Roberto drove in from the airstrip and shook my hand distractedly. He had on slacks, a light jacket, and a beige golf cap. I barely had time to get a glass of water before he ushered me into one of the new Volkswagen minibuses and we drove away. With us were three whites: a tall, broad Portuguese named Chevier; a heavy-set man dressed in the uniform complete with major’s insignia, parachute wings, and a red beret; and Falstaff. [...] According to Falstaff, the one in utilities was a Brazilian army major, apparently there as an observer. And what were Falstaff and the Brazilian major doing in Ambriz? Falstaff ducked this question, changing the subject. But the answer was obvious. Brazil was not uninterested in the Angolan outcome” (Stockwell 1978: 126). 156

In the above passage, Stockwell recalls his encounter with two Brazilians. Falstaff is the codename of the journalist Fernando Luís da Câmara Cascudo, who was FNLA's communications adviser. Stockwell could not identify the “heavy-set man”, who a few pages later also appears in a photograph alongside Holden Roberto and FNLA commanders, where he is described as a “Brazilian army observer” (Stockwell 1978: 131). My master’s thesis focused on trying to identify the “heavy-set man” (Lobato 2015). My research concluded that the man in Stockwell's photograph was the Detective-Inspector José Paulo Boneschi of the Rio de Janeiro Civil Police, that headed up the formation of the Special Operations Group (Grupo de Operações Especiais, GOESP). The group was created at a time when urban guerrilla action was on the rise in Brazil. Group members, unlike ordinary police officers, were trained to handle heavy weapons. Boneschi was not alone in Ambriz. He led a mission that included at least five other Brazilian police officers: Theobaldo Lisboa, Adalberto Ricardo Contani, Euclério Sant’anna de Souza, José Lopes, and Waterloo Vilela da Silva. More recently, some witnesses revealed that the Brazilian mission initially had 12 members12, but only those six remained in Angola until independence, having participated in the historic Battle of Kifangondo. The Brazilian team worked for the FNLA as explosive specialists. A document found in Rio de Janeiro suggests that Boneschi was recruited directly by a FNLA agent sent to Brazil13. While it was not possible to identify the precise date when he arrived in Ambriz, the cross-referencing of sources indicates that the most likely possibility is July 1975. At the time of Angola's independence, Brazil was a right-wing military dictatorship allied with the United States in the Cold War. However, Brazilian diplomacy adopted a policy of pragmatism, which led to the recognition of the MPLA despite its Marxist inclination. At that time, the risk of oil shortages and the need to open markets in Africa overcame the ideological differences. It is because of this context that the mission that supported the FNLA raises so many questions. In his book, John Stockwell writes that the CIA recruited mercenaries for FNLA in Portugal, United Kingdom, France, and Brazil. The recruitment in Brazil, however, was prevented by President Ernesto Geisel14. Though it is not currently possible to reject completely the idea that United States may have sent Brazilian mercenaries to war in Angola, Stockwell’s report suggests that at least the group of Boneschi was not a CIA recruit: the American didn’t know what that “Brazilian army observer” was doing in Ambriz. There was an independent Brazilian fighter in the ranks of the FNLA, Pedro Silva, a pilot who was recruited with a group of Portuguese in Rhodesia. Pedro Silva denies that Boneschi's men were acting as mercenaries: “They weren’t mercenaries because they executed a mission handed down by a superior. If they had gone there as mercenaries, they wouldn’t have received radio orders to return to Brazil at the time of independence – an order that they followed immediately, albeit grudgingly”15. The Brazilian document that registered the mission also indicates that the operation

Brasil atuou na guerra civil de Angola, «O Estado de São Paulo», 2 June 2019. APERJ, DOPS, n5 85-87, Assessoramento à FNLA por policiais brasileiros, 6 January 1976. 14 O espião desiludido, «Jornal do Brasil», 20 August 1978. 15 Pedro Alberto Rodrigues da Silva, e-mail interview, 30 January 2015. 13

157

had superior knowledge. In it, it is said that Boneschi would write a report on the situation in Angola to the SNI (Serviço Nacional de Informações, the Brazilian intelligence service)16. The sources located thus far are insufficient to properly contextualize this mission. While they suggest that the operation was not completely autonomous, they do not trace the full extent of the chain of command. This lacuna makes it impossible to conclude if Brazil indeed played double in Angola, supporting FNLA while preparing the recognition of MPLA. The other possibility is that the mission to the FNLA was carried out without the knowledge of the high echelons of the Brazilian government responsible for decision-making on Angola. This hypothesis is based on the fact that the most radical sectors of the Brazilian dictatorship had autonomy sufficient to develop their own, parallel diplomatic efforts. Another open question is how the Brazilians ended up in Angola. If we consider the possibility that the CIA was not involved in this recruitment, then who connected the Rio de Janeiro police and the FNLA? It is well known that the same "pragmatic diplomacy" that led the country to recognize the MPLA moved Brazil away from South Africa. The Brazilian government chose to condemn the policy of apartheid in order to obtain economic advantages in trade with Black Africa. The discovery of support for the FNLA, however, leads us to question whether the Brazilian military had agreed to this policy. Was this dual behavior reflected in Brazil's relations with South Africa? References: • •

Lobato G. (2015), O Brasil e a independência de Angola (1975): política externa oficial e diplomacia militar paralela, Master's thesis, ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon. Stockwell J. (1978), In Search of Enemies, Norton & Company, New York.

*Gisele Lobato has a bachelor degree in Communication (University of São Paulo, Brazil) and a master in African Studies (ISCTE-IUL, Portugal). She is currently PhD Candidate in History and Research Assistant at the Center for International Studies of the Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (CEI-IUL).

France Going, going, gun! Rusty revolver Vincent Van Gogh used to kill himself sells for £144,500 at Paris auction • • • • • •

The gun, reputed to be the one Van Gogh used to kill himself, was sold in Paris It fetched an incredible €162,500 ($144,500), roughly three times the estimate Vincent Van Gogh was shot in the stomach in Auvers-sur-Oise, France, in 1890 Battles with depression are well-documented and it is believed he took own life Despite this, some biographers believe he was shot by a 16-year-old friend Gun was found in field nearby 75 years after death and matches caliber size

By James Tweedie for Mailonline Published: 14:59 BST, 19 June 2019 | Updated: 15:22 BST, 19 June 2019 The revolver with which Vincent van Gogh is believed to have shot himself has sold for €162,500 ($144,500) at a Paris auction house - nearly three times the estimate. 16

APERJ, DOPS, n5 85-87, Assessoramento à FNLA por policiais brasileiros, 6 January 1976.

158

A private collector bought the gun, billed as the 'the most famous weapon in the history of art', with a telephone bid on Wednesday, Art Auction said. Discovered by a farmer in 1965 in a field near Auvers-sur-Oise, a village north of Paris where the troubled Dutch painter spent the last few months of his life, the gun had previously been exhibited at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. The Dutch painter was shot in the stomach in Auvers-sur-Oise, northern France, on July 27, 1890, before he died two days later. The single 7mm bullet did not hit any internal organs, and the 37-year-old artist was initially able to get back to his guest house, the Auberge Ravoux, where he smoked his pipe and chatted with his brother Theo. But doctors were unable to remove the bullet, and Van Gogh's last words were: 'The sadness will last forever.' Although Van Gogh's deteriorating mental health is well documented, some have argued he did not kill himself.

The 7mm-calibre Lefaucheux pinfire revolver that Vincent van Gogh (in background) is believed to have used to take his own life.

159

The Dutch painter was shot in the stomach in Auvers-sur-Oise, northern France, on July 27, 1890, before he died two days later WHY DO EXPERTS BELIEVE THIS IS THE GUN THAT KILLED VINCENT VAN GOGH? The 7mm Lefaucheux revolver was found 75 years after Vincent van Gogh's death in 1890. It was discovered in a field in Auvers-sur-Oise where the artist was staying - and a field he was known to frequent while painting. As well as this, the calibre of the gun is the same as the bullet found in his body at the time. Forensic investigators also tested the gun, and discovered it had stayed in the ground since around the 1890s. Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith claimed in their 2011 biography of the artist that he was accidentally shot by RenĂŠ SecrĂŠtan, then 16, who had befriended him. 160

They claimed Van Gogh may have said he shot himself so as not to get SecrĂŠtan in trouble. There were no witnesses to the fatal incident. In conflicting letters written just before his death he said 'I am very well, I am working hard, have painted four studies and two drawings', but then said 'I feel I have failed and the prospect grows darker, I see no happy future at all.' Regardless of who killed Van Gogh, experts believe the gun found is the fatal weapon for a number of reasons. AuctionArt told CNN: 'Several pieces of evidence show it must be Van Gogh's suicide gun: it was discovered where Van Gogh shot it; its calibre is the same as the bullet retrieved from the artist's body as described by the doctor at the time; scientific studies demonstrate that the gun had stayed in the ground since the 1890s.'

The single 7mm bullet did not hit any internal organs, and the 37-year-old artist was initially able to get back to his guest house, the Auberge Ravoux (pictured), where he smoked his pipe and chatted with his brother Theo

161

The weapon was found by a farmer in fields that Van Gogh loved to paint. It was part of a 2016 exhibition at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam and has now been sold at auction for â&#x201A;Ź162,500 ($144,500), roughly three times the estimate. The weapon was found by a farmer in fields that Van Gogh loved to paint. He later gave the weapon to the owners of the Ravoux Inn in the village. The family who own the inn are now offering it for sale. It has belonged to the French family since its discovery. The revolver was part of a 2016 exhibition at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam but this is the first time it's going under the hammer. Van Gogh, who severed his own ear with a razor in 1888, is buried in Auvers-sur-Oise, alongside his loyal brother Theo. The rusting weapon has been dubbed 'most infamous gun in the history of art' because Van Gogh at just 37 could have carried on painting for years. Read more: Van Gogh's possible suicide weapon to go under the hammer - CNN Style Share or comment on this article: Rusty revolver Vincent Van Gogh used to kill himself sells for ÂŁ144,500 at Paris auction https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7158659/Rusty-revolver-Vincent-Van-Gogh-used-killsells-144-500-Paris-auction.html 162

DEFENCE INTERNATIONAL

Mascots They also served: Cats, rabbits and even the bear that inspired Winnie The Pooh appear in remarkable photos of the 16million animals caught up in World War One • • • •

Images from World War One show some of the 16 million animals that assisted and severed on the front line Animals included spy pigeons, dogs that carried messages, as well as horses and donkey that carried supplies Lesser known creatures in the effort were elephants pulling large cannons and kangaroos serving as mascots Also featured is Lieutenant Harry D. Colebourn's small black bear Winnipeg who inspired Winnie The Pooh

By Alisha Buaya for Mailonline Published: 11:52 BST, 30 May 2019 | Updated: 14:28 BST, 30 May 2019 Incredible photographs from World War One show the animals that served in the war and their efforts assisting troops on the front line. Over 16 million animals served in the First World War and were used for transport, communication and companionship. Some of the creatures included pigeons carrying spy cameras, dogs transporting messages, elephants pulling cannons, as well as horses and donkeys that took supplies to front line. During the four-and-a-half years of the First World War it is estimated that 8 million horses, mules and donkeys died, along with 100,000 pigeons. Meanwhile creatures such as foxes, goats and kangaroos served as mascots for units and were tended to by the troops. Also featured is the small black bear purchased Canadian Lieutenant Harry D. Colebourn, who he named Winnipeg - shortened to Winnie - after his hometown of Winnipeg, in Manitoba. Colebourn, who was a veterinarian, smuggled the bear into Britain during the war and after he was sent to fight in France Winnie was given to London Zoo. She was watched and loved by the real-life Christopher Robin, who was the son of British author A.A Milne who famously wrote the Winnie The Pooh stories. The incredible photos feature in Tanya and Stephen Wynn's book Animals in the Great War, a look at the use of animals on both sides of the Great War. 163

Winnie later became the inspiration for the A.A Milne books. 164

An RAF pilot poses with a pet fox in the cockpit of his aircraft in France. The cub, seen wearing a collar and a lead, became attached to the 2nd Squadron Royal Air Force and was adopted as their mascot. The animal gave his squad both comfort and entertainment during the war.

Sergeant Stubby (pictured) was the only dog promoted to the rank of sergeant and highly decorated for his bravery. The Boston bull terrier started as the mascot for the 102nd Infantry, 26th Yankee Division, and eventually became a fully-fledged combat dog. An injury during a German gas attack left the pooch acutely sensitive to gas but allowed him to warn soldiers of an impending gas attack, by running about and barking. He also located many wounded soldiers in No Man's Land. Some of Stubby's honours include a three service strips, a medal for heroism from the Humane Education Society, a purple heart and Republic of France Grande War Medal.

165

This German POW photographed with his companion, a rabbit, on his shoulder appeared to be in good spirits despite being in a Dorchester camp.

166

A cat is pictured enjoying a leisurely stroll on the cannon of a ship. Felines were useful for catching vermin onboard all sorts of floating vessels during the war. Cats, as well as dogs, were also trained to hunt rats in the trenches and locate wounded men in No Manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Land.

During the war, pigeons had cameras strapped to their chests and were used as spies to do reconnaissance work over enemy lines. Aside from spy work, pigeons were also worked as messengers, rapidly taking notes from the battle field to HQ. Tanya and Stephen Wynn, authors of Animals in the Great War, said that pigeons were also used on board ships.

167

Pigeons on the high seas meant that if a Royal Navy Vessel was under attack meant the crew of a quickly sinking ship might have been to send a messenger pigeon carrying the details of their last position at the time of their sinking, which could mean the difference between life and death for any crew. Pictured is a pigeon loft where the birds would rest after a mission.

The soldiers pictured on the front line are pictured releasing a message from a pigeonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leg. The winged messengers would often be targeted by enemy marksmen as they found their way 'home'. In the first four years of the war approximately 100,000 pigeons were killed. 'Pigeons were possibly more widely used than was actually appreciated,' added Tanya and Stephen Wynn.

168

Australian units serving in Egypt (pictured with the Pyramids in the background) took care of their kangaroo, named Skippy, who served as a mascot for the troops in the desert. Peter Stanley, historian for the Australian War memorial, told Australian Geographic one the first Australian troops to arrive in Egypt 'smuggled aboard a kangaroo'.

Camels were also used during the war, they carried food, water, ammunition and medical supplies to men on the front line. The Imperial Camel Corps was established in 1916 and operated in the desert war efforts in Middle East and Africa, according to the Imperial War Museum. The corps grew to four battalions with soldiers from British, Australian, New Zealand, as well as troops from Indian, Hong Kong and Singapore. 169

This image shows the Imperial Camel Corps, or cameliers, who used the animal in desert warfare because they were less skittish than horses. But Camels were known to be stubborn creatures who would occasionally cause stampedes or attack people.

In this image one happy solider pets a chicken. In the background of the image is another chicken behind a makeshift coop, while in front of the stick fencing is a small bowl with a few eggs. The soldier beside him appears unhappy while holding on to a white rabbit in front of a large pot, which he was likely saying goodbye to before cooking for the troops. 170

The Indian elephants photographed are hauling soldiers, food, ammunition and large artillery pieces. Although they were slower than horses, elephants were much more strong and able to carry the heavy war equipment on rough terrain. Many elephants from zoos and circus' recruited circus elephants for war work on both sides of the war. The images and stories about these animals, from Tanya and Stephen Wynn's book Animals in the Great War (pictured), looks at the impact of creatures - great and small - on both sides of the Great War Share or comment on this article: Animals that inspired Winnie The Pooh stories in remarkable photos from World War One https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article7086049/Animals-inspired-Winnie-Pooh-storiesremarkable-photos-World-War-One.html

171

India Now that's downward dog! Army officers and their trusty hounds perform amazing synchronised yoga display in India

Service dogs and their owners serving in the Indian National Army took time out on International Yoga Day to literally perform the downward dog, inset, while the dogs copied their actions, pictured main. The adorable pooches lined up on the red carpet opposite the Army officers in a yoga session in India's northern state of Punjab. Elsewhere, Indian Prime Minister Modi took part in a mass yoga session for Yoga Day, which is observed on the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere. Yoga Day was adopted unanimously by the UN General Assembly in 2014 and first took place in 2015. For more information click on: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article7169075/Police-officers-trusty-hounds-perform-amazing-synchronised-yoga-display-India.html

USA The heroes who braved the Luftwaffe to save the free world: Incredible colourised footage shows fearless US Air Force crews carrying out daylight bombing raids across Germany during WWII A new World War II documentary, The Cold Blue, has used restored footage captured by director William Wyler, showing the brave airmen of the US Eighth Air Force during dangerous bombing raids over occupied Europe. Wyler flew in B-17 bombing missions over Germany during 1943, capturing footage for his classic war movie The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress. The new film was made from 16mm footage discovered in the vaults of the National Archives then restored and transformed into full colour. Wyler flew at great personal risk over enemy territory on actual bombing missions. During one flight, he lost consciousness from lack of oxygen. In a separate mission his cinematographer, First Lieutenant Harold J. Tannenbaum, was shot down and killed while filming. For more information click on: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article7167249/Incredible-restored-footage-WWII-bombers-crews-carrying-raids-Nazi-Germany.html 172

INTELLIGENCE: INTERNATIONAL

Codename GARBO: How an eccentric double agent who won medals from the Allies AND Nazis fooled Hitler on D-Day and convinced the Germans attacks at Normandy were a diversion, only to fake his death and turn up 40-years later in Venezuela • • • • • • • •

Spanish national Juan Pujol Garcia is considered by MI5 to be 'the greatest double agent of the Second World War' for deceiving the Germans on D-Day After being rejected on multiple occasions by MI5, the eccentric chicken-farmer that dropped out of high school decided to become a spy on his own He fed fabricated intelligence to the Nazis without ever having visited England; using guidebooks and maps from the library to make his lies more believable He was eventually recruited by the British as double agent in their top secret 'Double Cross System’ and given the code name 'GARBO' after the actress Garbo was instrumental in the success of D-Day because he fooled Hitler into believing that Normandy was a mere diversionary attack Hitler diverted and reserved his troops based on Garbo's elaborate misinformation campaign which saved countless Allied lives Garbo was the only spy to receive decorations from both sides of the war: the German Iron Cross and a Member of the Order of the British Empire He was discovered living in Venezuela 40 years after faking his own death

By Tate Delloye for Dailymail.com Published: 15:57 BST, 5 June 2019 | Updated: 20:23 BST, 5 June 2019 On D-Day, June 6, 1944 - 160,000 Allied troops stormed the coastline of Normandy France which began the liberation of Western Europe and brought years of careful and covert planning to an end. Preserving the element of surprise was crucial to D-Day’s success and there is one person whose singular contribution as a double agent played an instrumental role in the victory. His name was Juan Pujol Garcia (codename: GARBO), a Spanish national hailed by MI5 as 'the greatest double agent of the second world war.' Originally rejected by British intelligence services, Garcia would go on to infiltrate Nazi intelligence at the highest levels while working as an unauthorized, amateur spy. It is the incredible arc of his life story – a chicken farmer turned decorated double agent who faked his own death that is just as unlikely and fascinating as the web of lies he told the Nazis while operating as a rogue, one-man disinformation unit.

173

15 After being rejected on multiple occasions by MI5, the eccentric poultry-farmer decided to become a spy on his own, delivering fabricated intelligence to the Nazis in an effort to foil their strategies. The self-taught agent mastered the art of deception and disguise and was eventually recruited by MI5 to join their Double Cross System

174

Passports and exit visas were hard to come by during WWII but Juan Pujol Garcia traded six bottles of prohibited Scotch with a defunct Spanish Duke for a passport and convinced a print shop to forge him an exit visa. Prior to his successful career in espionage, Juan Pujol Garcia did not have much to show for himself. Born in 1912 to a wealthy family in Barcelona, he dropped out of boarding school and squandered away his privilege to attend an academy for poultry farmers. The hapless Spaniard was a chronic failure at almost everything he did and by the time he reached 30; Garcia had deserted the military, twice served time in prison, worked as a chicken farmer in France and completed two short lived stints as an owner/ operator of movie theatres. 'He had about as much chance of becoming a world-class intelligence operative as you or I have of winning the gold in the Olympic steeplechase,' said Stephan Talty, author of Agent Garbo the Brilliant, Eccentric, Secret Agent Who Tricked Hitler and Saved D-Day in an interview with NPR. Garcia was 24-years-old and unhappily engaged to a woman when Spain plunged into civil war. He was thrown into prison for failing to report to duty on the Republican side but escaped in the dead of night during a jailbreak led by a resistance group. Garcia then went into hiding and never saw his fiancĂŠe again. After spending a year in a Barcelona safe house, he emerged looking emaciated with forged identity documents that deemed him too old for the military but inexplicably joined the fight again, switching sides twice before he ended up back in prison for expressing sympathy toward the monarchy. 'Pujol was the Walter Mitty of the war,' Talty explained to NPR. The inveterate daydreamer with grandiose, (and often misguided) ambitions became disillusioned by the Spanish Civil War. Once Hitler began to wage his reign of terror across Europe in 1939, Garcia was determined to act on what he called a 'contribution toward the good of humanity.' In an autobiography co-written by espionage expert, Nigel West, Garcia said: 'My humanist convictions would not allow me to turn a blind eye to the enormous suffering that was being unleashed by this psychopath.' Juan Pujol Garcia poses with his wife, Aracelli who was very helpful in the beginning of Garcia's self-made spy career, acting as his emissary on the many overtures he made toward British intelligence services but eventually she tired of his lifestyle

175

Araceli instantly hated her new life in life in war-torn London; and MI5 was worried that she might turn on her husband and divulge top secrets to the enemy. Declassified MI5 documents reveal their effort to appease her; famously sending an MI5 agent to Lisbon to purchase 12 pairs of silk stockings as a bribe. Documents in the National Archive show that on March 4, 1943, CP Harvey, the agent sent to retrieve the stockings wrote: 'Herewith 12 pairs of stockings for Mrs Garbo for which I expect to be repaid 10 Shillings customs duty' Garbo invented a fake network of 27 made-up operatives with very imaginative personas from a cave-dwelling waiter from Gibraltar to a retired Welsh sailor cumFascist-mercenary and an obsessive-compulsive Venezuelan codenamed MOONBEAM that lived in Canada. Germans were so grateful that they're code name for Garbo’s network ‘Arabel’ which means ‘answered prayers’ in Latin

It was around this time that Garcia was working as manager at a shoddy hotel in Madrid when he decided to pursue work as an Allied spy. Blinded by self-confidence and undeterred by his own 176

tragic record of flops, he approached British intelligence officials at the embassy for an espionage job no less than four times, to which they politely declined, citing his obvious inexperience. Though he remained undaunted by rejection and resolved to become a spy on his own initiative. He then offered his espionage services to the Germans knowing that if he could establish trust with the Nazis, he could eventually turn into a double agent for the Allies. This plan worked out better than he could have ever imagined. In order to become a spy, Garcia first needed to procure a passport and exit visa; two precious items that were impossible to come by in the war-torn country. He was nothing, if not resourceful and Garcia saw his opportunity when the Spanish Duke of Torre walked into the hotel one day lamenting his two aunts, pro-Franco princesses that were unable to find scotch during the war. Knowing he could obtain the liquor in Portugal; Garcia struck a deal with the Duke: a Spanish passport in exchange for six bottles of the illegal booze. With a passport, Garcia arranged to meet with Gustav Leisner, head of the German military intelligence organization known as the Abwehr. Born with the gift of gab, Garcia professed his devout (albeit bogus) love for Hitler's Third Reich and spun circles around Leisner with his web of lies in which he listed names of non-existent diplomats that he was affiliated with. He was hired on the spot, given a crash course in spying and cryptology and sent on his way with a bottle of invisible ink, a codebook and ÂŁ600 (roughly $40,000 in today's money) for expenses. His marching orders were to go to London and establish a network of operatives, but Garcia did the exact opposite. Instead he moved to Lisbon to begin his self-made, imaginary spy career by delivering mocked-up reports to his Abwehr case officer in Madrid. He used maps, guidebooks and railroad timetables borrowed from the local library to make his reports seem more realistic. With information his wife, Araceli gleaned from newsreels and headlines, Garcia wrote lengthy, fictitious missives in his characteristically florid writing style about Allied airfields, British artilleries, and an entire Allied armada in Malta that Axis forces mistakenly responded to on the basis of Garcia's bogus intelligence, wasting precious time, resources and fuel. Garcia was always ready with an excuse and despite the mishap, the Germans continued to trust him. In 1942 Karl-Erich KĂźhlenthal, a major in the Abwehr wrote to Garcia: 'Your activity and that of your information gave us a perfect idea of what is taking place over there; these reports, as you can imagine, have an incalculable value, and for that reason I beg of you to proceed with the greatest care so as not to endanger in these momentous times, either yourself or your organization.' Soldiers carry a decoy rubber tank that was part of the large-scale deception campaign known as 'Operation Fortitude.' From German spy planes flying overhead at high altitude, the phony munitions and fake military bases looked very real

177

Garbo went back to Normandy on the 40th anniversary of D-Day, the same year Ronald Reagan, Francois Mitterrand and Margaret Thatcher walked beaches attended the commemoration. One soldier present that day took Garbo by the hand and brought him to a group of veterans and said: 'I have the pleasure of introducing Garbo, the man who saved our lives'

As Hitler considered moving his fleet of deadly Panzer tanks to Normandy, Garbo wrote: 'I am of the opinion... that these operations are a diversionary manoeuvre designed to draw off enemy reserves in order then to make a decisive attack in another place ... it may very 178

probably take place in the Pas-de-Calais area.' One of Hitler's intelligence officers (assumed by historians to be, Friedrich Krummacher) underlined 'diversionary' in red pen So beloved and valuable was Juan Garcia to the Nazis that he was given the codename 'Alaric,' which means 'everyone's ruler' in German and his phantom network of 27 operatives, was dubbed 'Arabel' meaning 'answered prayers' in Latin. Garcia's inveterate imagination proved handy when it came to inventing personas for Arabel, which included: a travelling salesman, a KLM pilot, an Indian poet named RAGS, a cave-dwelling waiter from Gibraltar, an employee of England's Ministry of War, a retired Welsh sailor cum-Fascist-mercenary and an obsessive-compulsive Venezuelan codenamed MOONBEAM that lived in Canada. These fictions spies filed expense reports and earned salaries, which amounted to a total of ÂŁ17,554 (roughly $1million today) over the course of the war. It wasn't until 1942 when Garcia finally (and accidentally) grabbed MI5's attention after one of his concocted reports regarding an Allied convoy of ships headed to Malta came dangerously close to the truth. They launched a massive manhunt for the suspected mole that they feared was trading their secrets only to discover the diminutive man living in Portugal that was single-handedly responsible for propagating a massive misinformation campaign to Nazis. Juan Pujol Garcia suddenly became MI5's most valuable asset. Smuggled through Gibraltar, he was brought to the UK and worked as a double agent in the 'Double Cross System'- a top secret, counterespionage operation during WWII. His mastery in deception and disguise won him the codename 'GARBO' after Greta Garbo, the legendary Hollywood actress. Together with his MI5 field officer Tomas Harris, Garbo wrote 315 letters that averaged 2,000 words each, so satisfied were the Germans that they stopped recruiting spies all together. More importantly, Garbo's letters were crucially used to breaking the enigma cipher. Nigel West, espionage expert and co-author of Garbo's biography told DailyMail.com: 'Garbo played a very significant role in that because if you have a cipher machine and you don't know the un-encrypted message at one end, then the encrypted message at the other end will be gobbledy goop. But if on the other hand, you know already the content of the original message, you can reverse engineer the cipher machine in order to get the key and read the traffic.'

Allied soldiers arrive in Normandy on D-Day which has been registered as the greatest-ever amphibious military offensive - a triumph of soldiering and seafaring, of industry, ingenuity and logistics 179

D-Day (also known as Operation Overlord) was not a guaranteed success. On June 5 1944, the night before the landing, Winston Churchill told his wife Clementine: 'By the time you wake up in the morning, 20,000 young men may have been killed.' Likewise, General Eisenhower was reduced to tears when a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division paused while boarding his plane to salute the Supreme Allied Commander who flashed a smile and responded in kind with the military gesture before he turned away and wept Video playing bottom right... In the beginning, Garbo gave Germans little bits of nonessential factual information to re-establish trust, overtime he would mix in falsehoods to throw them off and by the end he was passing on entirely invented information. In one instance, he sent a letter to the Abwehr that explicitly outlined details of the Allied attack on North Africa but intentionally delayed sending it by one day so it looked like a mere timing accident with the post. When it became clear that the Nazis intended to bomb civilian commuter trains, he sent them an outdated timetable. In 1943, Germans shot down a civilian plane carrying the Hollywood actor, Leslie Howard while travelling between Bristol and Lisbon and Garbo scolded them for doing it, mentioning that his imaginary agent working on their behalf could have been on board. By 1944, the Allies devoted all their attention to planning the D-Day invasion of France and keeping its details secret was of the utmost importance. In an effort to do this, they launched a massive disinformation campaign that became known as Operation Fortitude. In unison with Double Cross spies that disseminated false intelligence, the plot also used false headlines, spoof radio broadcasts and even fake inflatable munitions to deceive the enemy. Meanwhile, Hitler knew that an attack was imminent and had prepared his defensive response for months but one crucial detail eluded him: the exact timing and location of the Allied landing.

180

Keeping the planned attack, a surprise was key to the success of D-Day. Had the Germans been given any time to prepare, the outcome could have been very different. When Hitler finally realized that the Normandy invasion was no feint, General Eisenhower said, it was 'too late to have any effect upon the course of victory' This is when Garcia's mastery in the art of espionage came into play. He was tasked with convincing Hitler that the attack would happen 200 miles away from Normandy in the more obvious location of Pas-de-Calais â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the French region in closest proximity to Great Britain. He convinced Nazis that General Patton was forming an illusory million-man army that was given a realistic name: The First United States Army Group (FUSAG). To corroborate this lie, newspapers published forged letters from local residents that complained about the noise and disorder from the amassing soldiers and printed images of King George VI visiting the pretend military base that was created with inflatable tanks, plywood planes, faux airstrips and empty buildings. Messenger pigeons tagged with FSUAG IDs around their legs were purposely released inside enemy lines. On June 5, Garbo gave the Nazis instruction to standby for a very important message at 3am. In order to preserve his reliability with the enemy, he was going to reveal the actual targeted location (Normandy) but purposely too late for them to prevent the invasion that was already well on its way. But by luck, the Nazis missed the call as Madrid's radio operators were off air from 11:30pm until 7am. Garbo reprimanded his German case officer for missing the crucial dispatch, saying: 'I cannot accept excuses or negligence. Were it not for my ideals, I would abandon the work.'

One of the many lies leading up to D-Day that Garbo told was of the illusory 'million man' army that was commanded by General Patton. He called this fake division the 'First United States Army Group' (FUSAG) he led Germans to believe that FUSAG was gearing up for an attack 200 miles north of Normandy in Calais to which Hitler responded by reserving the majority of his military might for the supposed 'imminent' offense 181

Nigel West, the journalist who spent 12 years looking for Garbo eventually found him living with a new wife and children in Venezuela. He took flew with him back to France for the 40th Anniversary and recalls how Garbo returned from visiting one of the American cemeteries in tears. Confused, West reminded him that he was a beloved hero, to which Garbo replied, 'No. I was told that I saved many thousands of American lives, but looking at all these gravestones, I didn't do enough'

Juan Pujol Garcia reunited with his children in 1984 after Nigel West discovered Garbo living in Venezuela with a new family, 40 years after he faked his own death- neither his first or second families knew of each other's existence until he became headline news Hitler was thoroughly confused. Thanks to Garbo he also believed that an impending attack in Norway was also in the cards and therefore reserved 250,000 troops in Scandinavia that were not present on June 6, 1944 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; D-Day. His fleet of deadly Panzer tanks were standing-by in Calais for what they believed would be the real attack. Operation Fortitude worked so well that two days 182

later, the Nazis still failed to throw the full weight of their military might on the beaches of Normandy. On June 9, Garbo send a follow-up dispatch to the Germans: 'I am of the opinion, in view of the strong troop concentrations in south-eastern and eastern England, which are not taking part in the present operations, that these operations are a diversionary manoeuvre designed to draw off enemy reserves in order then to make a decisive attack in another place ... it may very probably take place in the Pas-de-Calais area.' This allowed the Allies to secure a strong foothold in France, even an entire month later, German troops were still waiting in the Pas-de-Calais. General Eisenhower said, 'The German 15th Army, which, if committed to battle in June or July, might possibly have defeated us by sheer weight of numbers, remained inoperative throughout the critical period of the campaignâ&#x20AC;Ś' When Hitler finally realized that the Normandy invasion was no feint, Eisenhower said, it was 'too late to have any effect upon the course of victory.' Berlin awarded Garcia an Iron Cross after the War; an accolade reserved for soldiers on the front line. In 1944, the King of England made Garcia a member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire but there was never an official ceremony since it had to be done in conditions of secrecy, Garbo was still an active agent. In 1984, the Duke of Edinburgh, a 'huge spy fan' according to West held a formal; investiture for Garcia

For his work, Garbo became the only person to have ever been awarded the Iron Cross from Germany and be made a member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire which is the country's greatest honour. After the war Garbo moved with his wife, Araceli and three children to Venezuela where he eventually faked his own death with the help of Tomas Harris, his MI5 case officer and started a new family. It wasn't until 1984 when journalist, Nigel West discovered him living in Caracas after spending 12 years searching for him around the globe, convinced that his death was a mere 'cover-up.' West told DailyMail.com: 'Araceli was a very difficult woman and was very homesick and didn't like living in either London or Venezuela, she really wanted to go back to Spain. And Juan agreed that they would sell up and go back to Spain.' It was agreed that Araceli would take their three children to Madrid first and Garcia would follow a few weeks later after he finished tying up loose ends in Venezuela. 'But what actually happened was that quite soon after she arrived in Madrid, while waiting for her husband, a guy showed up from the British embassy and said, 'I'm very sorry, your husband has died,' which was not true.' 183

Nigel West escorted Garbo to Normandy for the 40th anniversary of D-Day when Reagan, Mitterrand and Margaret Thatcher walked beaches. 'We left him alone in one of the American cemeteries and he came back after 20 minutes with tears rolling down his cheeks,' recalled West to DailyMail.com. Confused, West reminded him that he was a beloved hero to many to which Garbo replied, 'No. I was told that I saved many thousands of American lives, but looking at all these gravestones, I didn't do enough.'

Juan Pujol Garcia (centre left) returns 'from the dead' after 40 years to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of D-Day in 1984 with his old peers from MI5. Cyril Mills (centre, right), was the MI5 agent who originally gave Garcia his codename 'GARBO' after 'the best actor in the world' Read more: NPR Choice page Share or comment on this article: Juan Pugol Garcia WWII double agent GARBO that fooled Hitler and ensured the success of DDay https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7088097/Juan-Pugol-Garcia-WWII-double-agentGARBO-fooled-Hitler-ensured-success-D-Day.html

184

INOVERENDE DENKE EN NUWE TEGNOLOGIE VIR DIE POLISIE Hommeltuie se snelontwikkeling, en aanwending as hulpmiddel vir die polisie (saamgestel deur Philip Malherbe)

Die nuwe hommeltuig (HT) 720 X, is ontwikkel om deur almal gebruik te word. Die grootste voordeel is sy maklike vervoer, prys, kamera en gemaklike hantering. Die HT is skaars groter as ‘n slimfoon. Gekombineerd met opvoubare lemme, is dit die wêreld se mees draagbare HT. Dit pas selfs in hand-, broek- en rugsak. Ontdek ‘n nuwe wêreld wat vir jou oopgaan. Almal kan die HT hanteer en vlieg. Die kontrole is ontwikkel om perfek te wees. Die HT het verskeie moontlikhede, jy hoef nie op hoogte te konsentreer nie, stuur die tuig en geniet die vlug. Die HT beskik oor ‘n hoë kwaliteit kamera en is goed toegerus om uitsonderlike foto’s en video’s te neem. Die vlieg is so gemaklik en jy kan op die landskap fokus. Aangesien die HT van plasties vervaardig is, is dit lig en sterk.

Met hierdie onbemande voertuig is die potensiaal daar om nuwe besighede te ontwikkel en verbruikers onbeperkte toegang tot die lugruim te bied. Die veelsydige gebruike van HT neem voortdurend toe. Afgesien van die genot vir private aanwending kan dit vir vervolging en beskerming ook aangewend word. Dit word alhoemeer deur die veiligheidsmagte en wildbewaringsagente aangewend. In polisiehande is dit so goed soos 20 addisionele lede op diens, terwyl grensbewaking se reaksie dramaties verbeter het.

185

HT se tegnologie ontwikkel teen ‘n vinnige tempo, deesdae is selfs gewone HT toegerus met ‘n “GPS” module en girokompas, soortgelyk wat in slimfone aangewend word. Nuwerwetse sagteware en data van die “Intel of Things” (IoT) verleen verbeterde nuwe manuveerders. ‘n Maatskappy, 3 DR, het onlangs ‘n HT SOLO, geloods met die grootste sensor op ‘n HT wat minder as 3kg weeg. Dit word op die oomblik aangewend vir meer akkurate kaarte en data vir gebruik in die konstruksie bedryf. Die betrokke HT het ‘n gevorderde outomatiese loods sisteem. SOLO vlieg sonder enige inset of kontrole van die afstandbeheerde operateur, nadat die bestemming ingesleutel is. Die HT word beheer deur sensors en rekenaarvisie-sisteme, met voorwerp-identifisering en botsing-vermyding moontlikhede. Hierdie deurbraak sal die outomatiese aflewering van goedere moontlik maak. Dit sal die HT in staat stel om hul omgewing te identifiseer en daarop te reageer – tot dus ver een van die groot tekortkominge. Dus sal dit vir ‘n HT op ‘n deurlopende basis moontlik wees om die landskap te evalueer en daarvolgens te reageer. Dan sal volle outonome sagteware die HT toelaat om verstellings te doen en oor te skakel na GPS geleiding en lugkartering. Die nuwe ontwikkeling is die aktivering van ‘n “Sky-Spoo’ gids maw ‘n naatlose mede loods wat die vlugkontrole oorneem, sodra ‘n hindernis geïdentifiseer word of ‘n botsing ‘n moontlikheid is. Sodra die risiko vermy is, word die vlugkontrole outomaties weer aan die operateur oorgedra. Op hierdie stadium tel die sensors hindernisse op tot 20m van die HT.

Die Massachusetts se Instituut vir Tegnologie het ook ‘n HT ontwikkel, wat in ongure weersomstandighede die HT toelaat om sy eie monitering te behartig. Dit behels die voorkoming en moontlike beskadiging van die HT se lemme, kameras en sensors. Dit stel die HT in staat om ‘n alternatiewe roete te volg om die potensiële skade te minimaliseer en te vlieg na ‘n plek van veiligheid. Gesamentlik met die nuwe ontwikkeling is daar voortdurende navorsing tov meer kragtige en ligter batterye – om die vlugtyd te verleng, enigiets van 30 min tot 1 ½ ure. Heel moontlik kom ‘n maatskappy in Singapoer tot die redding met ‘n vrystelling van hul batterye wat ontwikkel word met “fuel cells” – hul prototipe HT “chopper”, wat al tot 2.5 uur in die lug kon bly met ‘n 1 kg vrag. ‘n Nuwe aanvulling is die “Sunlight Photonics” wat in New Jersey ontwikkel is, die Sunlight-5, wat uitsluitlik op sonkrag aangedryf word. Die gevorderde mening is egter die voortdrywing van HT deur waterstof, wat meer effektief is as elektriese of fossiel brandstof. Juis omdat waterstof brandstof selle staatmaak op lug van reaksie energie – ‘n tenk vol waterstof genereer baie meer energie as ‘n litium-polimeer-battery met die selfde gewig. 186

Onlangs het ‘n Britse navorsingspan ‘n 20kg veeldoelige rotor HT met ‘n waterstofkragbron tot 1 uur in die lug gehou, terwyl ‘n Suid-Koreaanse maatskappy Metra Vista, ‘n HT met waterstof brandstof selle in ‘n kleinerige HT vir meer as 10 ure in die lug gehou. Realiseer dié HT in SA, dit kan met vrug aangewend word om ‘n situasie te voorkom wat aan die begin van Mei maand in Brits, Noord Wes plaasgevind het. Oproeriges het die dorp binnegevaar, en mense met sambokke aangeval. Alhoewel meer as 40 mense weens openbare geweld gearresteer is, is die saak teen hulle in die hof van die hofrol geskrap – omdat dit nie moontlik was om hulle met die misdaad te verbind nie. Kan seker nie verwag die polisie moet getuies versamel, na dié onlangse 2 foto’s nie:

Ses maniere van aanwending van HT deur die polisie 1. KARTERING VAN GEWILDE EN ONBEKENDE BESOEKPUNTE Die polisie gebruik hommeltuie (HT) vir kartering om die samestelling van kaarte daar te stel. Dit stel hul in staat om gewilde besoekpunte in stede soos inkopiesentrums, parke en skole se data te stoor. Waar daar op persone gevuur word, brand, of enige noodgeval ontstaan, wat ontruiming noodsaak, maak die polisie gebruik van die samestelling van ‘n klomp kaarte van die selfde omgewing, wat saamgevoeg is. Dit word dan aangewend om ‘n bepaalde situasie te evalueer.

187

2. DOKUMENTERING VAN MISDAADTONELE Van tyd tot tyd gebeur dit dat die polisie nie die misdaadtoneel behoorlik “vee” nie, en in die proses is dit moontlik dat hulle iets mag mis. Met ‘n “Orthomosaic” kaart (‘n metriekefotogram - ‘n foto) word die beeld se perspektief en die terrein se effek reggestel; al die blokkies (foto’s) word saamgesnoer, om ‘n gebalanseerde helder beeld te skep; en die ware posisie daar te stel; met gebalanseerde kleur; om ‘n soomlose mosaïek as eindresultaat daar te stel. Dit maak dit dan moontlik vir ondersoekers om weer behoorlik na die misdaadtoneel te kyk, selfs nadat hulle die toneel verlaat het. Onlangs het ‘n misdaad ondersoekbeampte in die VSA, daarin geslaag om ‘n bebloede selfoon op te spoor, nadat hy die kaart van die misdaadtoneel bestudeer het, dit het hom in staat gestel om ‘n beskuldigde te identifiseer in ‘n strafbare manslag saak.

3. OPNAMES VAN RAMPTONELE EN GYSELAARONDERHANDELING HT kan polisiebeamptes en reddingswerkers se reaksietyd drasties verkort tydens of na rampe, wat aardbewings, brande, verspoelings, hael / sneeu se skade en nood behels.

188

Lugdata wat deur die HT beskikbaar gestel word, maak dit moontlik om hulpmiddels te versprei waar die grootste nood is. Inligting word dan aan die eerste persone op die toneel en reddingswerkers verskaf, tov die aard van die toneel, wat hulle weer in staat stel om risikos en moontlike beserings te vermy. Dan kan HT ook aangewend word om monsters van potensiële gevaarlike stowwe, waar persone opsetlik beseer kan word, of tydens ‘n voertuig botsing of lekkasie, te neem vir ontleding vir enige dreigende gevaar of hoe om dit te hanteer. Hier kan ook die moontlikheid vermeld word van ‘n moontlike ongeluk of opblaas van ‘n kernkrag sentrale; waar die gevolge nog onduidelik is; waar ‘n HT aan die polisie en veiligheid beamptes ‘n situasie rapport kan verskaf; om die omvang te bepaal vanaf ‘n veilige afstand. HT met teleskoop tegnologie sal die polisie se vaardighede uitbrei gedurende gyselaaronderhandelingsituasies. In plaas daarvan om die onderhandelaar se lewe in gevaar te stel, kan ‘n HT ‘n skerm plaas om steeds ‘n gesig tot gesig gesprek moontlik te maak, tussen die gyselaaronderhandelaar, gyselaarnemer of gyselaar. 4. SOEK EN REDDING HT kan die polisie behulpsaam wees met noodgevalle om verlore en vermiste persone op te spoor. Met die groot areas wat hul dek in ‘n kort periode, word die tyd drasties verkort, as wat dit per voet sou neem. Mediese bystand en versorging kan dan bespoedig word. In Brittanje is ‘n man bv. uit sy motor geslinger na ‘n botsing en het die gevaar geloop om te verkluim in die koue. Die HT wat voorsien was van ‘n termiese kamera, met ‘n liggaamshittesensor, het die man in ‘n sloot 170 m van die ongelukstoneel opgespoor. Daar kon toe vasgestel word dat die man se liggaamstemperatuur alreeds tot onder gemiddeld gedaal het. Met vinnige aanwysings aan die paramediese personeel is sy lewe gered. 5. MOTORVOERTUIE EN VERKEERS BEHEER HT kan belangrike inligting verskaf gedurende groot voertuigbotsings, wat die toneel kan evalueer om te bepaal wat die impak op die verkeersvloei sal hê. Hierdie inligting kan die bestuur van die vloei van die verkeer vergemaklik, asook noodvoertuie begelei wat die reaksietyd drasties kan verkort. 6. HANTERING VAN BOMDREIGEMENTE EN GEVAARLIKE STOWWE HT kan die polisie behulpsaam wees met die ondersoek van moontlike bomdreigemente, sonder om die bomoperateurs se lewe in gevaar te stel. Die HT kan ook help met die versameling van monsters van potensiële gevaarlike stowwe, waar dit vermoed word dat ‘n persoon doelbewus mense wil dood of beseer, of by ‘n spilling, lekkasie of ‘n ongeluk met gevaarlike stowwe. Die monsters se ontleding kan die bedreiging bepaal. Hier word bv. aan ‘n ongeluk by ‘n kernkragsentrale gedink, waar die omvang nog nie bepaal is nie. Die HT kan dan die polisie en noodwerkers voorsien van waardevolle inligting om bewustheid van dreigende gevaar te skep, tov radioaktiewe vlakke en sleutelfaktore om beveiliging en ontruiming te bespoedig. 189

Hierdie voorbeelde, is slegs ‘n oorsig van sommige maniere waar wetstoepassers HT kan aanwend in hulle werk. Met die verloop van tyd en met die hommeltuig tegnologie wat deurentyd ontwikkel, sal daar wel meer gebruike na vore kom. Bronne • • •

https://blade720.smartnewtrends.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjw8LTmBRBCEiwAbhh6Cli1hAkp4S0gJac9tGY03CfbiSis9oHPC-YWSPB09X3jArxm9cfWhoCi2cQAvD_BwE https://uavcoach.com/police-drones/ Beat the traffic, Uber way to work in an autonomous drone, Prof Louis Fourie. 201905-03 STAR p18

FORT EDWARD: POLICE MEMORIAL | POLISIEGEDENKTEKEN Const CW Eagle: | Konst. CW Eagle: Rooihuid van Kanada: Lid van ons polisie Please click on https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/nongqai_vol10_no_6b__const_eagle_

ACCOUNT PARTICULARS: JP BOTHA REKENMEESTERS TRUST, STANDARD BANK, BRANCH: MONTANA. ACCOUNT NO: 030 556 392, BRANCH CODE 015945. SWIFT: SBZAZAJJ MARK: "GRAVE CONST. CW EAGLE".

Please follow up with an e-mail to: jpbotha@botharek.co and a copy to heymanshb@gmail.com

190

Fort Edward: Letter from Charles Leach (Louis Trichardt) Hennie, a few Fort Edward issues! First point is that I have had discussions with Capt. (ret.) Sadiki and also with W/O Foster Rambau (SAPS). Foster says that it is commonly known that the small, but very old blue gum trees around Fort Edward belong to the Rivhola Forestry Dept. Seems that SAPS –Waterval has had issues in the past with the trees being cut down and the local Headman being accused of allowing that to happen due to him being ignorant of the trees in that area belonging to the Dept and NOT TO the local community. In other words, though we will speak to the Headman out of courtesy, it will certainly not be to obtain permission to work at the cemetery. Secondly, I am having difficulty in coordinating a meeting between SAPS Station Commander, WO Rambau, Capt. Sadiki and the local Headman. We are trying AGAIN for this week Thursday!! Next, I have made some progress with Rendani - my resident assistant and potential ‘site guide.’ He is very committed, but I cannot speak of a monthly ‘wage’ until I have more certainty of the sustainability of such a ‘wage.’ Lalapanzi Museum Fund has agreed to add R100.00 pm to this part of the project. As I indicated earlier, I will provide Rendani with attractive, full-colour ‘hand-out’ pamphlets - free of charge – but printed with a small ‘flash’ on to indicate that a R5.00 (??) donation would apply, which would be for his own use obviously. However, you will understand that I am very apprehensive to start something that does NOT HAVE financial sustainability! Lastly, it is a good time of the year to start clearing the site and I have two casual guys that live there and are available - but will obviously not work for nothing! Fort Edward is surrounded by large scale unemployment, just like any other rural area in RSA. I will hopefully be on site again later this week with the SAPS delegation so as to get official sanction to start clearing the area. As soon as I have that, I will get a fixed rate from the casuals to clear the cemetery and pass that on to you. Groetnis tot later! Charles. Comments by Hennie Heymans Dear Friends & Readers as you know the present Government does not care for our heritage. We need money to repair the site at Fort Edward and thereafter keep it in good repair. Mr Charles Leach, local historian, has improved the site however we need funds to repair the site. My son and I have pledged R300 per month for the routine up-keep. Please, your kind consideration will be appreciated. HBH.

191

LETTERS | BRIEWE

The Honey Badger as Logo: Jim Hooper Good morning, ooms Hennie and Ben-Regarding the controversy over the origin of the honey badger as an emblem in the SAP - it was started in 1978 when Gene (Eugene de Kock) used it as a totem for Zulu Delta, the Koevoet team he led. I've loaned my collection of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ops Kâ&#x20AC;? T-shirts to Bernbhard Uytenbogaardt, a very keen collector of everything to do with the SA security force. One of them is from ZD and has the image of snarling honey badger. It's an image from the front rather than the side and has the Oshivambo word for the animal - "SHI-SHI". I've asked Bernhard to send me a scan; when it comes in, I forward it to you. His job takes him away from home for up to a month at a time, so it may be awhile. Cheers, Jim Here's the badger emblem on Zulu Delta's team T-shirt:

192

Natal Mounted Police & Natal Police: Memorial Tablets: Pietermaritzburg, Isandlwana, Impanza and Greytown: HBH Dear Lucas & Andre cc Dr Rodney Warwick iro Lt Col Sparks Do you know if these memorials still exist in Pietermaritzburg, Isandhlwana, Impanza and Greytown? If so, please could you take photographs and send to us please - if, the occasion ever arises to visit these places. Memorial Tablets: Pietermaritzburg St. Peter's Church, Pietermaritzburg In St. Peter's Church, Pietermaritzburg, the oldest church in the city, there is a memorial tablet to those members of the Natal Mounted Police who fell in the Zulu War of 1879. St. Saviour's Cathedral, Pietermaritzburg In St. Saviour's Cathedral, also in Pietermaritzburg, there is a memorial tablet to those officers, N.C.O.s and troopers who were killed in the 1906 Natal Rebellion. There are also monuments at Isandhlwana and Impanza. Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg At the main entrance to Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, there is a brass tablet which reads: "In memory of members of the Natal Police and 2nd Regiment, South African Mounted Riflemen17, who gave their lives during the Great War 1914-1918. Erected by their Comrades." ST. JAMES' PARISH CHURCH, GREYTOWN Memorial at St. James' Parish Church, Greytown, Natal: On 23rd April, 1907, the unveiling of a brass memorial tablet erected by public subscription in St. James' Parish Church, Greytown, Natal, to the members of the Natal Police killed at Impanza, and to Trooper Steele, U.D.R., killed at M'Pokinyoni, who were killed during the Natal Native Rebellion, 1906. Officers of the Natal Police and the Umvoti Mounted Rifles, a detachment of the Natal Police, Commandant Nel and a squadron of the U.D.R. and Lieutenant Baker with a party of school cadets were present. Canon Pennington, the vicar, conducted the service. Colonel Duncan McKenzie, Commandant of the Militia, unveiled the tablet by removing the Union Jack by which it was covered. The names of the Natal Police killed were Sergeants Brown and Harrison, and Troopers Aston and Greenwood. Col. McKenzie said he would not dwell upon the circumstances of their deaths, now matters of history; the men died as soldiers; they were here not to mourn but to do honour to their memory, and to keep it green amongst the community as an example of patriotism and devotion to duty. He formally delivered the tablet, for safe keeping, to the vicar of the parish. The service concluded with the singing of a verse of the National Anthem. THE END OF AN ERA 17

They were former members of the Natal Police - HBH

193

At the annual reunion of the Old Comrades Association in 196 a message to the Queen was unanimously agreed upon. A copy of this loyal address in full colour has been made and will be presented to the Old Museum House, Durban. The original address, on parchment, fourteen by twenty inches, was handed to Sir John Maud, the British Ambassador in the Republic, for transmission to Her Majesty. The message reads: HER EXCELLENT MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II BY THE GRACE OF GOD, OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND OF HER OTHER REALMS AND TERRITORIES, QUEEN HEAD of the COMMONWEALTH, DEFENDER of the FAITH WE THE MEMBERS OF THE NATAL MOUNTED POLICE AND NATAL POLICE OLD COMRADES' ASSOCIATION ASSEMBLED AT DURBAN, NATAL, FOR OUR ANNUAL REUNION, send our deep regret that we are no longer legally YOUR MAJESTY'S subjects. We respectfully send to you our heartfelt thoughts for the continued happiness of YOUR GRACIOUS SELF and all the members of the ROYAL FAMILY. We, as a corps, served THE CROWN from the year 1874 when the NATAL MOUNTED POLICE was formed until the year 1913 when, by the ACT of UNION, the name NATAL POLICE ceased to exist. Subsequently, however, many of us served in World War I and in World War II and we have always been YOUR MAJESTY'S loyal subjects. Our treasured past associations will always be in our hearts and minds, and we will pray for the welfare of YOUR MAJESTY and all your subjects in the COMMONWEALTH. Now old in years we look back with pride to the time when we served the MONARCHY, the EMPIRE, and the COMMONWEALTH. GOD BLESS YOUR MAJESTY Durban 3rd June, 1961 A. C. SPARKS Lieutenant-Colonel, Chairman Natal Police Old Comrades' Association.

Greetings Yours faithfully HB Heymans

• Dr Rodney Warwick Hullo Hennie Unfortunately I cannot comment regarding all these plaques – I certainly hope they are still existent in these churches; within the Anglican Church, generally, such memorials are left alone; but I am making a record of your email and next time I am in Natal, which I hope will be soon; I will certainly check-up thereon… 194

Thanks for writing up my grandfather’s signed 1961 loyal address regarding the Old Comrades Association of the Natal Mounted Police and Natal Police – I saw in first in a book on the NMR written by one Arthur Walker, I think it was – I photocopied the relevant pages and filed them. Yes, feelings around then over the Republic were very strong; particularly in Natal – against the Republic. The referendum was close but did not necessarily split entirely along the language lines of the white SA community. There were many English-speakers, not least in Natal, who normally voted UP, but who voted pro-Republic, prompted not least by the catastrophic decolonisation process in Belgium Congo (June 1960 – referendum was in October 1960) … and all the fears and uncertainties following the Cato Manor police killings and Sharpeville. Then there were Afrikaners, besides the Bloedsappe, who were concerned about loss of markets and international isolation, yet who were stalwart NP supports, but voted against the Republic… I am not sure if you would want to use my today’s Rapport D-Day article for Nongqai; I do mention the South African involvement and particularly that of Prime Minister Smuts – but if you do; I have attached some photos here; including me with Omaha Beach behind me; Some other photos from my mid-2016 trip to France; a German bunker from the Atlantic Wall – probably smashed by an Allied bomb or naval shell; several photos from the Normandy American Cemetery above Omaha Beach; the Sherman tank “memorial” is at Sword Beach (actually the tank is in the markings of the Free French forces)… Then there are photos regarding Smuts and D-Day I have picked off Peter Dickens Observation Post FB Page… A map of the beaches would be a good idea – Rapport did not provide one, but there are many on the internet of differing detail extent. Rodney

• Lucas Holtzhausen Dear Hennie: I will certainly go and check here in Pietermaritzburg and will let you know. Regards Lucas

• Lucas Holtzhausen Hello Hennie: Het op hierdie interessante artikel van die St Peter’s Church and St Saviour Cathedral afgekom. Die St Peter’s Church staan nog op die hoeke van Commercial- en Burger-strate en ek sal ‘n draai daar en by ou Grey’s Hospitaal gaan maak Groetnis

• Lucas Holtzhausen Nog so mooi foto van SAP Alexandraweg deur AO Piet van Jaarsveld. Ek dink seker een van die mooiste Polisie stasies in die land

195

My Grandfather's Police Service History: D Nicklin Dear Sir I am currently building a family tree for my children and am seeking information regarding my Grandfather’s Police Service History. I am not sure if this is the correct site and would be most obliged if you could point me in the right direction. I thank you in anticipation of your reply Derek Nicklin. Hallo Mr Nicklin I knew an Ed Nicklin by sight from the IPA in Pretoria. I have record of No2759 Det/Const EJ Nicklin of the Fingerprint Bureau in Johannesburg. He joined the police on 23-11-1903. He could only speak English - No Dutch. I'll ask in the Nongqai if anybody has more information Faithfully yours HB Heymans

Terugvoer: AO Gadd Ontvangs van Nongqai Vol 10 nr. 6 word erken, baie dankie Hennie. Ek het dit soos gewoonlik eers vinnig deurgeblaai. Ek sien op p. 161 dat Andre van Ellinckhuyzen opsoek is na ’n polisieman met die van “Gadd”. Gedurende 1972 het ek grensdiens op Victoria-waterval verrig en was die pelotonbevelvoerder op Kazangula terwyl Andre se pa op sy beurt die pelotonbevelvoerder op Chisuma was. AO Gadd was ons mediese offisier op Kazangula. Hy was een van die destydse SAW-medic’s wat aan ons gesekondeer was (tydelik) en indien ek reg onthou was hy van Kaapstad afkomstig. My geheue laat my egter in die steek wat sy voornaam betref. Andre is welkom om my te kontak indien hy meer inligting verlang. Brig. Johan Giliomee

Spesiale Nongqai-uitgawe oor SAP-brigade Geagte brigadier Heymans, Dit is ŉ behoefte van die hart om u en u medewerkers te bedank vir die grootse en kosbare werk wat u doen om veral die SAP se geskiedenis op so puik en voortreflike wyse vir SA en die nageslag te boekstaaf. Ek wonder of die lesers almal asook geskiedskrywers besef watter goudmyn van inligting voor hulle lê. Dit kan net ‘n fees vir ‘n aspirant doktorale-student wees om in hierdie magdom, van selfs persoonlike mededelings, rond te delf! Hierdie onbaatsugtige werk, wat u vir volk en vaderland lewer, sou ek graag wil bekroon. Baie dankie. Laudis Meyer (Seun van S.E.Meyer,195755, Eerste Polisie-bataljon, Tobroek-krygsgevangene te Laterina en wes van Leipzig in Stalag 4 B ). 196

LAST WORD: REV CHARISSE LE ROUX Spend time with your family, your husband, or wife and children. These are precious moments. Learn how to live today. Yesterday has gone; tomorrow is only in hope that is why today is called a gift. Unwrap it wisely.

End | Slot Dear reader Please note that in this quasi-historical magazine we make use of various sources and consequently it is obvious that the document contains various diverse and personal opinions of different people and the author of the Nongqai cannot be held responsible or be liable in his personal capacity. Geagte leser Vir hierdie kwasiehistoriese tydskrif maak ons van verskeie bronne gebruik en bevat die dokument uiteraard uiteenlopende en diverse persoonlike menings van verskillende persone en die opsteller van die Nongqai kan nie in sy persoonlike hoedanigheid daarvoor verantwoordelik of aanspreeklik gehou word nie.

197