The Common Security and Defense Policy of the Eur2021opean Union

Page 17

HANDBOOK ON CSDP

1.1. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CSDP

Photo: Austrian Armed Forces

by Gustav Lindstrom

The success story of the Common European Security and Defence Policy started at the informal European Council in Pörtschach in October 1998 during the Austrian Council Presidency: In the picture, 1st row: António Guterres (PT), Tony Blair (UK), Jacques Santer (EU), Martti Ahtisaari (FI), Viktor Klima (AT), Jacques Chirac (FR), Gerhard Schröder (DE), Paavo Lipponen (FI), Lionel Jospin (FR); 2nd row: Jean-Claude Juncker (LU), Bertie Ahern (IE), Costas Simitis (GR), José Maria Aznar (ES), Göran Persson (SE), Jean-Luc Dehaene (BE), Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (DK), Massimo D’Alema (IT), Wim Kok (NL).

The origins of Europe’s security and defence architecture date back to the years following World War II. Beginning in the late 1940s, several initiatives facilitated increased cooperation across Europe. Examples include the signing of the Brussels Treaty (1948), which sowed the seeds for a Western European Union, and the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, which placed strategic resources under a supranational authority. In the late 1960s, the European Community (EC) began to explore ways to harmonise members’ foreign policies. At The Hague Summit, held in December 1969, European leaders instructed their foreign ministers to examine the feasibility of closer integration in the political domain.

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In response, the concept of European Political Cooperation (EPC) was presented in the October 1970 Davignon Report. The report defined the objectives of EPC, including the harmonisation of positions, consultation and, when appropriate, common actions. It also listed specific processes, such as biannual meetings of the Foreign Affairs Ministers, as well quarterly meetings for the Political Directors forming the Political Committee. Overall, EPC aimed to facilitate the consultation process among EC Member States. EPC served as the foundation for the Common Foreign and Security Policy introduced in the Maastricht Treaty. With its entry into force on 1 November 1993, the treaty created a single institutional framework, the European Union, based on three


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Articles inside

List of Authors

14min
pages 260-265

The Security Policy Dimension (Jochen Rehrl

12min
pages 252-259

Harald Gell

3min
pages 249-251

8.1. Civilian and Military Capability Development (Klaus Schadenbauer

34min
pages 197-210

8.5. Case Study: Disinformation (Vicente Diaz de Villegas Roig

10min
pages 235-242

8.4. Case Study: Digitalisation of Defence (Daniel Fiott

23min
pages 224-234

9.2. The European Security and Defence College (Dirk Dubois

5min
pages 246-248

8.2. Case Study: Covid-19 and its Impact on the Defence Sector (Tania Latici

13min
pages 211-218

7.4. The Security and Development Nexus (Clément Boutillier

19min
pages 186-196

7.3. Internal-External Security Nexus: CSDP-JHA Cooperation (Crista Huisman

9min
pages 181-185

7.2. Training for Partnerships (Jochen Rehrl

8min
pages 177-180

6.3. The European Defence Agency (Jiří Šedivý

7min
pages 164-168

7.1. Partnerships in Security and Defence (Alison Weston and Frédéric Maduraud

16min
pages 169-176

6.2. The European Union Satellite Centre (Sorin Ducaru

6min
pages 159-163

6.1. EU Institute for Security Studies (Gustav Lindstrom

4min
pages 155-158

5.4. Strategic Framework to Support SSR (Karin Gatt Rutter and Gianmarco Scuppa

6min
pages 151-154

5.3. Rule of Law and the CSDP (Daphne Lodder

13min
pages 145-150

5.1. Gender and Women, Peace and Security in the CSDP (Taina Järvinen

6min
pages 139-141

5.2. Human Rights and the CSDP (Taina Järvinen

4min
pages 142-144

4.4. Hybrid Threat and the CSDP (John Maas

12min
pages 132-138

4.3. Cyber Security/Defence and the CSDP (Jan Peter Giesecke

11min
pages 126-131

4.2. Counter-Terrorism and the CSDP (Birgit Löser

10min
pages 121-125

Factsheet: A European Border and Coast Guard

2min
pages 119-120

3.3. Challenges for Civilian CSDP Missions (Kate Fearon and Sophie Picavet

16min
pages 93-100

4.1. Migration and CSDP (Jochen Rehrl

15min
pages 111-118

3.5. The European Peace Facility (Sebastian Puig Soler

10min
pages 104-110

3.4. The Civilian CSDP Compact (Crista Huisman and Deirdre Clarke Lyster

7min
pages 101-103

3.2. Challenges of Military Operations and Missions (Georgios Tsitsikostas

11min
pages 87-92

3.1. How to plan and launch a CSDP Mission or Operation (Fernando Moreno

11min
pages 81-86

2.6. The Single Intelligence Analysis Capacity (Jose Morgado and Radoslaw Jezewski

2min
pages 77-80

2.3. The Role of the European Parliament in the CSDP (Jérôme Legrand

18min
pages 58-65

2.2. The Role of the European Commission in the CSDP (Diego de Ojeda

7min
pages 54-57

1.4. CSDP – State of Affairs (Jochen Rehrl

10min
pages 38-44

1.2. The EU Global Strategy

11min
pages 22-26

1.1. History and Development of the CSDP (Gustav Lindstrom

10min
pages 17-21

1.3. Analysing the EU Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy (Sven Biscop

23min
pages 30-37

2.1.2. The Council of the European Union

12min
pages 49-53

2.5. EEAS Crisis Response Mechanism (Pedro Serrano

3min
pages 74-76
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