Thesis Report 2020 - Film Studio

Film Studio Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Submitted By

SHASTRI HETVI CHETAN 153521050094

A Thesis Submitted to Gujarat Technological University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Bachelors in Architecture Academic Session 2015- 2020

ITM SAAD, Vadodara

Design Thesis Report

Design Thesis Report

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that research work embodied in this dissertation titled “Film Studio” was carried out by Hetvi Shastri at (ITM SAAD – School of Architecture Art and Design for partial fulfillment of Bachelor in Architecture degree in Architecture to be awarded by Gujarat Technological University. This research work has been carried out under guidance and supervision and is up to satisfaction.

Date: 29th June, 2020 Place: Vadodara, Gujarat.

Dr. Dipali Kulkarni Principal

Seal of Institute

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Team of Mentors

Prof. Meena Duttagupta Prof. Dr. Dipali Kulkarni Prof. Babar Yahya Prof. Jignesh Vyas Prof. Prashant Mody Prof. Hiten Chavda Prof. Shilpi Aggarwal Swapna Kothari

Primary Guide Dr. Dipali Kulkarni Principal

Design Thesis Report

Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge my indebtedness and render my warmest thanks to the people who were constantly there during the Thesis Period. I take this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who made this design thesis possible.

First and foremost, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my research guide Dr. (Mrs.) Dipali Kulkarni for introducing me to this exciting field of architecture and for her dedicated help, advice, inspiration, encouragement and continuous support, throughout my Thesis Semester.

Besides my mentor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee who in one way or another contributed to the completion of this thesis.

The person with the greatest indirect contribution to this work is my mother, Heena Shastri who has taught me to love and respect every aspects of life. And whose dreams for me have resulted in this achievement and without her loving upbringing and nurturing; I would have not been where I am today and what I am today. It is true that if God ever existed, he would be in the form of a mother because only a mother can love and give without expecting anything in return. Had it not been for my mother’s unflinching insistence and support, my dreams of excelling in academics would have remained mere dreams.

I want to thank, my father, as well as rest of my Family, for their constant encouragement.

Design Thesis Report

Abstract Growing up in this era, we all are surrounded by the influences of the media. Regardless of how contradictory it may be, the media has a huge impact on our lives today. People have many opinions regarding this, some contradict on it promoting low self-esteem while others appreciate it as a mode of self-awareness, education and entertainment. However large or small opinions may be, the media, to me was always fascinating. Fascinating with the making of entertainment, fascinated by cinema producing such inception of plots with such intrinsic details however factious or not it may be.

My initial thought was just that, to show the audience a glimpse of that process. Regarding films, there are two kinds of people. First, the people for whom it is al created, for the people who enjoy the magic on the screen in front of them. While the other set of people are people behind the screens, the people that create magic. The idea was to create such a platform for both the audience and the artists, celebrating the magic that is brought to us through film making.

We are a developing country, also a developing film industry. This platform intends to encourage the public, the audiences to feel the cinematic journey of film making, to inspire the creators of the journey and inspire the new generations of Indians towards the beautiful representation of our country, culture, our Bharat through the art of film making.

This Thesis Project attempts to grasp just that, the gathering of all Indians to celebrate the cinematic journey.

Design Thesis Report

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Contents

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 2 Vision, Aim and Objectives .............................................................................................. 2 2.1.1Vision ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.2

Aim.................................................................................................................................. 2

2.1.3

Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Scope and Limitations .................................................................................................................... 2 2.2.1

Scope ............................................................................................................................... 2

2.2.2

Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 2

2.3 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.3.1

Motion Picture ................................................................................................................3

2.3.2

Motion Picture Making Process .....................................................................................3

2.3.3

Crew Member Involved ................................................................................................. 4

2.3.4

Methodology .................................................................................................................. 6

3 Case Studies....................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Case Study 1: Three Mills Studio, London, UK. ........................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Objectives of Case study ......................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2

Introduction ................................................................................................................... 8

3.1.3

Programme ..................................................................................................................... 8

3.1.4

Site Planning .................................................................................................................. 8

3.1.5

Planning.......................................................................................................................... 9

3.1.6

Materials Used ............................................................................................................... 9

3.1.7

Sound Stages .................................................................................................................. 9

3.1.8

Circulation ..................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Case Study 2: Pinewood Studios, London, UK. .......................................................................... 11 3.2.1

Introduction ................................................................................................................... 11

3.2.2

The Application Site ...................................................................................................... 11

3.2.3

Pinewood Production Facilities ................................................................................... 15

3.2.4

Pinewood Studios Planning ......................................................................................... 15

3.3 Case Study 3: Yashraj Film Studios, Mumbai ............................................................................. 17 3.3.1

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 17

3.3.2

Facilities ......................................................................................................................... 17

3.3.3

Other Program Components ....................................................................................... 17

Design Thesis Report

3.4 Case Study 4: Laxmi Studios, Vadodara, Gujarat. ....................................................................... 21 3.4.1

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 21

3.4.2

Programme ....................................................................................................................22

3.5 Comparative Analysis and Inference of Case Studies ................................................................. 21

4 Project Site....................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 Introduction to Site and Details.................................................................................................... 23 4.1.1

Why Gujarat? ................................................................................................................ 23

· Gujarat ............................................................................................................................. 23 4.1.2

What are the advantages if a film studio is developed in Gujarat? ........................... 23

4.1.3

Why Ahmedabad? ........................................................................................................ 23

4.1.4

Site Location................................................................................................................. 24

4.2 Design Guidelines and Bye-Laws ................................................................................................ 26 4.3 Site Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 26

5 Design Development ....................................................................................................... 30 5.1 Area Statement and Final Program .............................................................................................. 30 5.2 Design Considerations ................................................................................................................. 34 5.2.1

Production Facilities .................................................................................................... 34

5.2.2

Post Production Facilities ............................................................................................ 35

5.4 Conceptual- Process Diagrams and Evolution ............................................................................. 37

6 Technical Drawing Set .................................................................................................... 39 7 References and Bibliography .......................................................................................... 46

Design Thesis Report

List of Figures Figure 1 Aerial View of Three Mills Studio, London, ....................................................................... 8 Figure 2 Site Plan Of Three Mills Studio, London. ........................................................................... 8 Figure 3Aerial View of Three Mills Studios, London. ...................................................................... 9 Figure 4Three Mills Studio, Production Facility Plan ..................................................................... 10 Figure 5: Location of Pinewood Studios at Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire ...................................... 11 Figure 6: The PSDF Planning application site. The Site Area is referred to as West Area and East Area respectively, ...................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 7: Green Belt within the West Area: The existing studio site is 37ha in area and comprises three principal areas; central, northern and southern. ................................................................ 12 Figure 8: The master plan opted to restrict its built development focus to the central, developed area of the site avoiding expansion into the Green Belt land south of Heather den Hall and the Backlot area at the northern end of the site. .............................................................................. 13 Figure 9: PDSF Illustrative Master Plan (PDFS – Pinewood Studios Development Plan).............. 13 Figure 10Laxmi Film Studio Master Plan ........................................................................................ 22 Figure 11Ahmedabad Development Plan 2021 ............................................................................... 24 Figure 12Location of Proposed Site in reference to Ahmedabad City. ............................................ 24 Figure 13Roads Connected to the Site ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 14 Site Context and Road Connectivity ................................................................................ 25 Figure 15Development Regulations ( Margins and Setbacks) ......................................................... 26 List of Drawings Drawing 1: Pinewood Studios, London. Layout .............................................................................. 14 Drawing 2: The Development Framework Plan .............................................................................. 14 Drawing 3: Pinewood Studios, London Site Plan ............................................................................ 16 Drawing 4: Site Location and Context of the Studio ....................................................................... 18 Drawing 5Section of the Building.................................................................................................... 20 Drawing 6 Site Contour Plan

.................................................................................... 26

Drawing 7Figure Ground ................................................................................................................. 27 Drawing 8Road Connectivity ........................................................................................................... 27 Drawing 9Site Area and Site Dimensions with Context .................................................................. 28 Drawing 10 Sensorial Mapping – Site Context................................................................................ 28 List of Tables Table 1Area Statement and Final Program ...................................................................................... 30

Design Thesis Report

Chapter 1

Introduction Vision, Aim and Objectives Scope and Limitations Literature Review Crew Members Invovled Methodology

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Introduction

A Film Studio is handled by the production company is a major Entertainment Company or Motion Picture Company that has its own privately owned studio facility or facilities that are used to make films.

A Film Studio is also known as movie studio or simply a studio.

A primer theatre and all the basic equipment and facilities required for the process of making films in discrete stages of pre-production, post-production and production.

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Vision, Aim and Objectives

2.1.1 Vision ·

Provide facilities necessary from pre-production to release of movie for film makers under single roof, exhibition spaces, and theatres for live shows, recreational zone, and other tourist attractions.

2.1.2 Aim ·

The Aim is to provide all the facilities required for film making to movie producers and develop the area as a tourism hub covering all aspects of film making - screening of films, documentaries etc. By developing a film studio in Ahmedabad, India.

2.1.3 Objectives ·

·

The basic objective of this thesis is to provide all the facilities that will be necessary for all the discrete stages involved from pre-production stage up to the release of the movie so that film makers will not go through any kind of problems during the process of film making.

To become self-sufficient and thus produce an economically viable facility that would help fund the films being produced and keep the studios and building operable.

2.2 Scope and Limitations 2.2.1 Scope ·

Film industry is one of the big industries in India. Lots of money and talents can be seen in present context of Indian film industry. All these money and talents are suffering in the process of making movies. · Due to lack of facilities and necessary equipment required during film making a lot of moviemakers including directors and producers are suffering. · So under a single roof, a “film studio” as proposed will bring all the facilities necessary from pre-production to release of the movie which will facilitate every filmmaker.

2.2.2 Limitations · · ·

There are lots of limitations while designing a film studio has lot of design parameters are need to be followed.

Various Design parameters are considered so that there is no problem in making a film as it has a huge budget.

Various factors need to be considered keeping all age groups and all class level people in mind as a film making can include a person having a post of a peon to the director of the film. And there is no age group limited for this particular field.

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2.3 Literature Review 2.3.1 Motion Picture ·

A motion picture is a series of still pictures which, when shown on screen, creates the illusion of moving image. During the mid-development phase, motion pictures were recorded on to plastic film which was then shown on a large screen through a projector.

With the advancement of technology motions, pictures are now filmed and stored digitally like red one camera which records captured images on the hard-disk or flashcards. The credit of origination of motion picture can be given to the early plays and dances. They use to have elements common to motion pictures like scripts, sets, costumes, direction, actors, audiences, storyboard and scores. In spite of this due to the lack of technology, plays and dances could not be recorded for the future.

2.3.2 Motion Picture Making Process ·

Filmmaking is the process of making a film. Filmmaking involves several discrete stages including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and pre-production, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and exhibition. Filmmaking takes place in many places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political contexts, and using a variety of technologies and cinematic techniques. Typically, it involves many people and can take from a few months to several years to complete.

·

Making of the movie consists of complex processes with different individuals or departments working. All of these individuals and department work together under a film director and is also known as the captain of a ship. All the processes are divided into these steps according to their execution: o Development o Pre-Production o Production o Post Production o Distribution

2.3.2.1 Development · This is the first and the most significant step of film making. During this step idea of the film is generated. That may be an original idea or may be developed from somewhere like novels, story, existing movie but an old one. If the film is derived then permission is taken from the original creator. After that producer hires a writer, they work together and prepare a synopsis of the story. Here changes are made to the story if there is one. After the satisfying overview, a step outline is prepared because the overview is more like an abstract and a step outline is a detailed form. But step outline doesn‟t have any kind of dialogue and is just a detail story of a film. After the satisfying step outline, a 25 to 30-page treatment is prepared. The treatment contains more stage directions and less dialogue. If felt necessary, drawings are also attached with it so that one can understand the key point of the story. The next step in the development phase is to arrange the finance necessary for the movie. After the completion and approval of the treatment producer and screenwriter visits potential financiers to seek financial help for the movie. After the approval by potential financiers, they sign different contracts and agreements under different financial terms and conditions. Then a screenplay for the movie is prepared by screenplay writer so that writing work for the movie is completed and the film gets a full story. After this, film proceeds towards the pre-production phase of film making.

2.3.2.2 Pre-Production · During this phase of film making preparations are made for film making. Cast and crews are hired, location is finalized and permissions are taken and sets are built for the indoor shooting of the film. To control all these activities and all other activities during film making and promotions a production office is established which controls all the activities

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Design Thesis Report and does all the paperwork necessary during film making. After this, a film is previsualized using a storyboard method for which sketch artists are hired. .To make the actors, directors, make - up artists understand the story of the film the process of previsualization is done. During this phase, a budget plan is drawn up to manage the budget and cut-off the unnecessary expenditure of the film. After all the procedures of the preproduction phase being completed, the film is ready for the production phase.

2.3.2.3 Production · Work of film starts from this phase. During this phase, raw footage for the film is recorded.

More crew members like property master, script supervisor, assistant director etc. are recruited. A typical day of shooting starts with the arrival of technical crew members like lighting persons, art director, dress supervisors etc. in a set or location as they have to prepare set/location for shooting. It may take hours and in some cases, it may take days too. After this, actors arrive in the set/location at the time of their calling. Usually, actors are called according to the schedule of shooting on that day. Then they go to the dressing area and put on their dress and makeup according to the scene. They then rehearse with their co-actors, director, cameraman and sound crew. After this when the set/location is ready for final take all the crew members arrive at the place. Assistant directors then instruct everyone to be quite. Then he informs sound and camera to record respectively.

After that director says “action” and actors acts for the final take. When the take is over the director says “cut” and sound and camera stops recording. If the director decides to take the additional take whole of the process starts again. Once the director is satisfied the crew moves to the next camera angle or setup. While actors and crew members are taking final shot in one setup, another group of crew members prepares set/ location for another shot to save the time. When shooting is finished for the scene assistant director declares that the scene is over and crew members dismantle the set and move on to next setup. At the end of the day, the director approves next day shooting schedule and a daily progress report is sent to the production office. After the completion of this phase, it is customary to give a wrapup party by the production office to the entire crew and cast for their efforts and hard work. · 2.3.2.4 Post Production · In this phase of film making final touch is given to the movie like an assembly of raw footage, editing and dubbing of dialogue, visual effects etc. and finally all sound elements are mixed and the movie is fully completed. · 2.3.2.5 Distribution · In this phase, the movie is finally released in cinemas or occasionally to media in the form of DVD, CD, VHS, Blue-ray or direct download from the internet website. The film is duplicated and distributed to the cinemas as required. Press kits, posters, and others. ·

2.3.3 Crew Member Involved ·

Hiring Crew Members entirely depends upon the budget of the movie. [1]

·

Key Department heads are: · Director of Photography · Production Manager · Assistant Director · Production Designer

Following are the crew members for film making working in different phase.

2.3.3.1

Post Production Crew Members · Story Editor · Writer · Dialogue Coach · Location Manager

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Design Thesis Report · · ·

Set Designer Art Director Costume Designer

2.3.3.2

Production Crew Members · Unit Production Manager · Line Producer · Production Manager · Director · Assistant Director · Second Assistant Director · Continuity Person · Cinematographer · Gaffer · Camera Operator · Assistant Cameraman · Film Loader · Production Sound Mixer · Boom Operator · Key Grip · Dolly Grip · Best Boy · Stunt Coordinator · Visual Effects Director · FX Coordinator · Property Master · Lead man · Set Dresser · Costumer · Make Up Artist · Body Make Up Artist · Hair Dresser · Production Assistant · Production Office Coordinator · Unit Publicist · Second Unit Director · Production Caterer · Craft Services · Transportation Coordinator · Day Player

2.3.3.3

Post Production Crew Member · Post Production Supervisor · Editor · Color Timer · Negative Cutter · Foley Artist · ADR Editor · Music Mixer · Matte Artist

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Design Thesis Report

2.3.4 Methodology

Film Studio

Objectives, Vision and Aim

Literature Review

Case Studies

Latest Knowledge

Case Studies Program Formulation

Site Analysis

Finalization Of Area Requirement

Conclusion/ Recommendation

Design Decisions/ Guidelines

Finalization Of Functional Activities

Design Concept And Development

Master/ Site Planning

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Design Thesis Report

Chapter 2

Case Studies Three Mills Studio, London.

Pinewood Studios, London.

Yashraj Film Studios, Mumbai.

Laxmi Studio, Vadodara Comparitive Analysis Of Case Studies

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Case Studies

3.1 Case Study 1: Three Mills Studio, London, UK. 3.1.1 Objectives of Case study · · ·

To know about the functional and spatial requirement of indoor and outdoor facilities in film studio.

To know about the structural requirements of indoor and outdoor shooting facilities.

To know about the international trend and styles of a film studio.

3.1.2 Introduction Three Mills Studio is London‟s one of the largest studio and s located seven miles from central London.

This studio has provided service to famous film makers and T.V shows like Ben 10 etc.

Three Mills Studios, London has 11 sound stages, 10 rehearsal rooms and more than 170 production offices with ample of parking. It provides all sorts of facilities for film making and T.V. production. [2]

3.1.3 Programme · · · · · · ·

Sound Stages with Makeup and dressing room Exterior and location filming Production Offices Rehearsal Rooms Screening Room Workshop and prop stores

Figure 1 Aerial View of Three Mills Studio, London,

Production Facility: Second piece of land in east direction mostly consists of sound stages and other facilities like prop store, rehearsal room necessary for production phases.

Figure 2 Site Plan Of Three Mills Studio, London.

Supportive Facility for production facility: The piece of land of the west side consists of mostly ware house and workshops.

Sound stage can also be seen but in few numbers.

3.1.4 Site Planning ·

The whole studio is divided into two piece of land by three mills Wall River.

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Design Thesis Report ·

First piece is at west direction and second piece is at east direction.

3.1.5 Planning ·

· · · · · ·

Seeing broadly we can see that piece of land in west direction is separated for supportive facility for production facility and east piece of land is for production facility.

Supportive Facility consists of warehouse, workshop, and parking and rehearsal room.

Production Facility consist of sound stage, rehearsal room, prop store, production office and restaurant.

Production offices and sound stages are places very close to each other in eastern part.

Prop stores are at the back of sound stages and back access is provided for them.

Parking space is provided at front of sound stages which will be coming from western part of the studio immediately after the entry.

Workshops and warehouse are placed away from the sound stage and production offices as they can disturb the shooting process.

Parking space is provided at the western part of the studio immediately after the entry.

3.1.6 Materials Used · · · · ·

3.1.7

Steel Structure for foundation and super structure.

Brick walls with truss roof in sound stage.

Sound absorbing panels on the walls of sound stage.

Pitched Roof Wood Flooring on rehearsal room with truss on the roof.

Sound Stages · · · ·

Three mills studio has got 11 sound stages of areas 3200 SQ.FT. To 13500 SQ.FT. Walls and ceiling of the sound stages are covered with sound proof materials so that shooting can be done in a quality environment.

For electric supply in sound stage, power sockets of 100amp, 32amp and 13amp are provided.

The floors are concrete floors with wooden overlay and water sprinkle and smoke detectors are used for fire protection.

· Figure 3 Aerial View of Three Mills Studios, London.

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Design Thesis Report

Sugar House lane is separated for vehicular entrance which leads to piece of land in west direction of studio.

Immediately after the entrance, we can see parking on the right side and warehouse on the left side.

Three mills studio can be approached through two roads namely three mills lane and sugar house lane respectively.

Figure 4Three Mills Studio, Production Facility Plan

North

3.1.8 Circulation · · · ·

Sugar house lane approach for west piece of land –Supportive Facility for production.

Three Mill Lane approach for east piece of land i.e. production facilities.

Bridge Connects two piece of land divided by three mills wall river.

Fire exit provisions between sound stage as they are close to each other.

Back access for storage facilities.

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3.2 Case Study 2: Pinewood Studios, London, UK. 3.2.1 Introduction ·

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Pinewood Studio has been the base for many productions over the years from largescale films to television programmes, commercials, and pop promos. Pinewood Studios is well known as the home of the James Bond and Carry On film franchises.

Pinewood Studios is located in the village of Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire, lying 8km northeast of Slough, 6km west of Uxbridge, 10km from Heathrow Airport and 32km from central London. [3]

3.2.2

The Application Site

The application site is approximately 83ha in area and comprises the existing studio site lying on the western side of Pinewood Road and the adjoining proposed expansion land located on the eastern side of the road.

Figure 5: Location of Pinewood Studios at Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire

North Figure 6: The PSDF Planning application site. The Site Area is referred to as West Area and East Area respectively,

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Design Thesis Report ·

North

The West Area: Pinewood Studios Existing Site · The central area is allocated for film studio use and development under Policy EP2 of the saved version of the South Bucks District Local Plan and contains stages, workshops, offices, car parking and associated ancillary facilities. · The southern area lies within the Green Belt and comprises gardens formerly belonging to Heather den Hall and the Orchard and Paddock Backlot areas which are used for the construction of external sets. · The northern area similarly falls within the Green Belt and is used as a Backlot for external set construction and for the siting of temporary buildings, storage and temporary car parking, which are authorized under a Certificate of Lawfulness. · The audit of the existing West Area site provides a description of the existing building stock and production facilities.

Figure 7: Green Belt within the West Area: The existing studio site is 37ha in area and comprises three principal areas; central, northern and southern.

The East Area : The Proposed Expansion Land ·

This area extends to 46ha and forms part of the Green Belt and the Colene Valley Park. It lies immediately northeast of the present Studios between the M25 motorway to the east and the residential area of Pinewood Green to the south.

·

The site contains semi-improved grassland and pasture, including hedgerows, scattered shrubs and woodland. Trees within the East Area are covered by an area-wide Tree Preservation Order (TPO) made in 2009 and an area of woodland known as The Clump is located on the north eastern boundary alongside the M25.

·

To the north of The Clump the site is crossed by Seven hills Road. The small area of land located north of the road within the application site, comprises improved grassland and dense scrub. This area will not be built upon but will form part of the Green space and Landscape and Ecology proposals for the overall PSDF site.

·

There are no public rights of way within the application site.

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North

The PSDF Scheme is for: Reconfiguration and expansion of facilities for screen based media, including film, television and video games, and associated services and industries, comprising: · Demolition of existing out-dated accommodation; · Erection of new stages, workshops, office accommodation, demountable modular buildings, entrance structures and reception and security offices, gas CHP energy center, underground waste water treatment plant, recycling facilities, backlots and film streetscapes; · External film production; · Creation of a new vehicular and pedestrian access from Pinewood Road, emergency access from Seven hills Road, access roads within the site, surface and multi-level car parking; · Associated landscaping and ecological habitat creation works.

Figure 8: The master plan opted to restrict its built development focus to the central, developed area of the site avoiding expansion into the Green Belt land south of Heather den Hall and the Backlot area at the northern end of the site.

Figure 9: PDSF Illustrative Master Plan (PDFS – Pinewood Studios Development Plan)

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Drawing 1: Pinewood Studios, London. Layout

North

North Drawing 2: The Development Framework Plan

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3.2.3 Pinewood Production Facilities ·

Sound Stages: Large, soundproofed hangar-like buildings for indoor shooting and sound recording.

·

Television Studios: Similar to sound stages but with specific design features required by multi-camera television productions.

·

Workshops: The manufacturing areas for set building, costumes, props, armoury, action vehicles and special effects engineering.

·

Offices: Generic, fully furnished, serviced office accommodation is used by productions to accommodate their creative, managerial, financial and administrative functions. For example, the producers, creative heads of department (including the director), the financial controller and the production management team all have suites of offices for their own use and for their supporting staff. Some office buildings are fitted out with dressing rooms and associated make-up and hairdressing rooms for the cast; others have large, ground floor open-plan areas suitable for costume fitting and storage, while others are also fitted out to accommodate the production designer and art department.

·

Backlot: These are outdoor open areas used for the construction of exterior sets (such as street scenes) and models and for staging special effects and pyrotechnics. They are also used for parking the production‟s location and action vehicles.

·

Special Facilities: Pinewood offers a number of purpose design and built facilities specifically designed for purpose such as a stage for underwater filming which houses a 1,200 m3 tank permanently filled with filtered, heated water and managed by underwater filming experts; the exterior tank with a blue screen for exterior surface water filming and model work; intrinsically safe workshops for spray painting and fibre glass moulding, and a recycling centre for production waste.

3.2.4 Pinewood Studios Planning ·

The total site area of Pinewood Studios covers some 37 hectares which was formerly the estate of Heather den Hall; its perimeter is defined by a policed security fence which is essential to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of Pinewood‟s high profile production clients.

·

At the southern end of the site there is an inner and outer fence with a passage between, created as a permissive footpath at the request of the parish council to allow the residents of Pinewood a direct pedestrian route to and from Black Park during daylight hours.

·

Access to Pinewood Studios is via the main entrance which was built and opened by HM the Queen in November 2007. Only authorised pass holders are permitted to either drive or walk onto the site, and visitor parking is provided to the north of the entrance building.

The majority of staff and client car parking is accommodated in dedicated car parks along the eastern flank of the site though when the Studios are exceptionally busy these may be used for temporary workshops, production location vehicles and film sets.

The former manor house of Heather den Hall contains a restaurant, licensed club bar and function rooms for the use of everyone working at the Studios. Its upper floors provide office accommodation for tenant companies.

At the centre of this suite of stages is the Props Building which originally housed a permanent collection of props and furniture for production use. The building has since been converted into three storeys of office accommodation for companies.

To the west of the Props Building is the Wardrobe Block and General Stores that still carries out both those functions, with spacious costume-making areas above the Pinewood–

·

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· · ·

operated supplier of construction and technical materials, tools and a wide range of stationery and consumables.

To the east of the Props Building is Digital Content Services: this comprises three state-ofthe-art sound theatres (ADR, mixing and rerecording), a 100 seater preview theatre, editing suites, supporting technical facilities and an operation that restores archive film and sound and transfers it onto digital format, all staffed by Pinewood‟s DCS division.

West of a Stage are the original scenery construction workshops which continue to be used by the carpenters and plasterers working on productions.

North of the Technicolor laboratory is the site of the new South Dock stage, a 2,787 sq. m (30,000 sq. ft.) stage with ancillary workshops and production offices.

To the west of E Stage a complex of smaller stages and offices were developed in the 1940s and 50s: F Stage and N/P Stage provide two of Pinewood‟s medium-sized stages at 696 sq. m (7,491 sq. ft.) and 772 sq. m (8,310 sq. ft.) respectively, used predominantly by smaller film and television productions .

Drawing 3: Pinewood Studios, London Site Plan

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3.3 Case Study 3: Yashraj Film Studios , Mumbai 3.3.1 Introduction ·

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·

·

· ·

YRF opened a state-of-the-art, fully integrated film studio in 2005. This one-of-its-kind studio houses three sound stages and is the only complete soundproof and air-conditioned studio in India. The Audio Wing houses the most advanced audio recording and postproduction facilities.

The studios are built to international standards and have the right reverberation time with the lowest air-conditioning and environment noise. This has been achieved and designed by studio Designer Mr. Martin Pilchner (of Pilchner Schoustal International Inc. USA), who has, among other projects, also designed post production facilities for various members of the Hollywood fraternity, including Steven Spielberg & M. Night Shyamalan.

The talents & tools that are offered to the film industry and multimedia producers are the best and most updated. It is a winning combination of uniquely creative work environment with technical excellence and an award winning team of technicians.

The studio has a fully functional cafeteria & canteen that can cater to the needs of the entire production staff at reasonable rates. The delicious meals prepared at the studio are comparable to any „A‟ grade restaurant in the city. The studio also has a fully equipped gymnasium with the latest technology for artists and senior technicians.

Customer service, client comfort and satisfaction are key factors for the studios.

These studio facilities, the biggest in India for indoor shootings, provide a vertically integrated array of complete services to an ever increasing broad range of professionals in the Entertainment Industry. [4]

3.3.2 Facilities Stage 1 230„(length) x 80' (width) x 29' (height) Lighting Grid / Catwalk 200 KW Power & AC provided Self-leveled Mastek floor Stage 2 110' (length) x 70' (width) x 25' (height) Lighting Grid / Catwalk 200 KW Power & AC provided Self-leveled Mastek floor Stage 3 110' (length) x 60' (width) x 25' (height) Lighting Grid / Catwalk 200 KW Power & AC provided Self-leveled Mastek floor

3.3.3 Other Program Components Recording theatre 1: this studio (50 feet x 45 feet) can accommodate an 80 piece orchestra.

Film mix theatre Recording theatre 2: this studio can accommodate 24 musicians. Control room with 5.1 monitoring with viewing screens in the studio and the control room. Films, background scores, albums, ad-commercials and jingles can be done in this studio.

Foley suite: A state-of-the-art Foley stage equipped with Yamaha O1V96 Console, Pro tools with 5.1 monitoring system.

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Design Thesis Report Dubbing suite: An audio dubbing suite equipped with SSL-X desk Console with Pro tools along with video projection.

YFX is the newly formed Visual Effects facility at YRF Studios.

Back Entry Main Building Audio Wing Main Entrance North

Drawing 4: Site Location and Context of the Studio

25M

3

35M

35M

4M WIDE

3

2 4 M WIDE PASSAGES

7

70M

2

21M

P

Producer's room: The Producer / Director Room can be used as an on-site office.

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Rehearsal Hall: A huge dedicated hall for rehearsals of songs, events, shoots etc.

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Gymnasium: The studio also has a fully equipped gymnasium.

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Make up Room: the studio has 21 make up rooms, with 42” plasma television, DVD player, a refrigerator, a direct dial telephone facility and high speed internet access.

Executive dining room: There is an executive dining room for the senior crew and actors.

Artist's lounge: The studio has two exotic lounges for the artists and senior technicians.

Dubbin Suite: This suite is For dubbing the dialogues for artiest while viewing the film on large screen.

Monitor Room – Dubbing Suite

Recording Theatre 2: This studio can accommodate 24 people.

Visual Effect Team Setup

Film Mix Theatre

Exterior Of YRF Studios: An outside view of the main building of YRF Studios.

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Monitoring Room – Recording Theatre

Film Mix Theatre

Atrium Overview of the atrium

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A View of Foley Suit

Monitoring Room – Recording Theatre 1

Sound Stages: The studio offers 3 Sound Stages fitted with electrical cat walks for the state of art lighting grids.

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Yash Raj Films (YRF) is an Indian film production and distribution company working in Hindi cinema.

Since its inception in the 1970s, the company has grown to be one of the largest film studios in India.

All studios are also built on 6″ thick raised slab concrete floating floors. All room framing was carried out with 14 gauge metal studs placed 1′-0″ on center, with all framing connections completely welded to control vibration.

Floor Height: 29M Clear Height: 24M

Drawing 5 Section of the Building Section of the Building

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3.4 Case Study 4: Laxmi Studios, Vadodara, Gujarat.

3.4.1 Introduction ·

·

· ·

Laxmi Film Laboratory & Studio Pvt. Ltd. is one of the oldest, biggest and well known film studios in Gujarat which has seen about 4 genres of the film industry growing and flourishing its roots day by day.

The studio is situated in 20 acres of land which is a huge area for any kind of shot to be filmed. The studio has a big green garden and a hugely covered, majorly with beautiful green trees that give us shadowed shelter with beautiful breeze.

The studio has helped in producing Mythological serials like Ramayan, Durga, Jai Jai Jai Bajrangbali, Meera, Dwarkadhish, etc.

The studio is situated on National Highway number 8, on the edge of Vadodara City.

Accommodation with Swimming Pool.

Central Garden Area

Central Garden Area Pathway

Workshop 1

Studio 2

Structure of Studio

Restaurant

Workshop 2

Studio 1

Services

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Accommodation with Swimming Pool

Towards Ahmedabad

Workshop 1 Restaurant

Lake

Parking

NH - 8

Admin Building

Main Entry Garden

Services

Back Entry – Service Entry

Open ground for concerts

Towards Surat Figure 10 Laxmi Film Studio Master Plan

North

Workshop 2

3.4.2 Programme Primary Activities · Sound Stages with makeup and dressing room · Exterior and location filming · Production Offices · Rehearsal Rooms · Screening Room · Workshop and prop stores Secondary Activities · Restaurant · Accommodation with swimming pool · Admin Building · Central Garden · Open Ground for concerts

Studio 1 35M x 20M x 12M

Studio 2 30M x 18M x 12M

Studio 3 35M x 20M x 12M

Tertiary Activities · Parking · Services

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3.5 Comparative Analysis and Inference of Case Studies

Figure 11Case Study Analysis

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Chapter 3

Project Site Introduction to the Site Design Guidelines and Byelaws Site Analysis

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4

Project Site

4.1 Introduction to Site and Details 4.1.1 Why Gujarat?

Archeological and Heritage Tourism · Variety of historical forts, palaces, dargahs, temples.

Business Tourism · High presence of Indian and global companies · 18 SEZs operational, beaches, heritage, desert

Entertainment Tourism · Longest shoreline of 1,600 km - beaches, forests, hills, Science City, theme parks, zoos, lakes.

Gujarat Proactive Government and aggressive marketing Untapped tourism opportunity Strategic location Unique blend of pilgrimage, adventure, hill station, beaches, heritage, desert

Cultural Tourism · Unique blend of pilgrimage, adventure, hill station, beaches, Heritage, desert

Religious Tourism · Home to multitude devotional centres and temples like Dwarka, Dakor, Ambaji, Somnath.

Wildlife Tourism · Rarest and large number of flora and fauna · Four national parks and 21 sanctuaries

4.1.2 What are the advantages if a film studio is developed in Gujarat? · · · · · · ·

Accommodation is reasonably priced Availability of cheap labor Ahmedabad and Vadodara are well- connected to Mumbai Various heritage places of interest and hotels Little Rann of Kutch, Great Rann of Kutch, Bhuj, Gondal and Mandvi are cinematically unexplored and hence the novelty factor Government has eased up licenses unlike other states Improved infrastructure [5]

4.1.3 Why Ahmedabad? · · · · ·

Ahmedabad is one of the most important rail railway stations in the state.

As of July 2015, an investment of USD16.5b for construction of bullet train between Mumbai and Ahmedabad has been made.

The Government also plans to invest USD 101.36 million for construction of the initial phase of Ahmedabad Metro Rail Project.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport located in Ahmedabad provides domestic and international flights connectivity within India and globally.

Ahmedabad is connected to several leading sea ports such as Dahej, Kandala, Mundra and Nhava Sheva sea port most of the sea ports are within 300 km from Ahmedabad.

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4.1.4 Site Location  • • • • •

Site is located beside the SH 135 which connects the site with Kadi, Thol, Sanand and Nalsarovar .

Site is connected to Sarkhej – Gandhinagar Highway at a mere distance of 12 Kilometres. The S.G. Highway connects Ahmedabad with Gandhinagar.

The S.G. Highway is dotted with AMTS which has started a bus service in association with Airport Authority Of India, connecting Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport with the city, having the last stop at Karnavati Club on S.G. Highway.

As the S.G. Highway is connected to Airport it will be easy for people to directy travel through the highway and avoid the city traffic.

The site is connected to Sardar Patel Ring Road at a mere distance of 7 Kilometres.

It meets the Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway and crosses the Sabarmati River and the Mumbai-Delhi National Highway.

Proposed Site Institutional Zone

Figure 12Ahmedabad Development Plan 2021

Sardar Vallabhbhai International Airport Sardar Patel Stadium Sabarmati Riverfront Kankaria Talav Geeta Mandir

Propose Site

Figure 13Location of Proposed Site in reference to Ahmedabad City.

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Sarkhej – Gandhinagar Highway Site is connected to Sarkhej – Gandhinagar Highway at a mere distance of 12 Kilometres. The S.G. Highway connects Ahmedabad with Gandhinagar.

Proposed Site Location Sardar Patel Ring Road The site is connected to Sardar Patel Ring Road at a mere distance of 7 Kilometres. It meets the Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway and crosses the Sabarmati River and the Mumbai-Delhi National Highway.

Figure 14Roads Connected to the Site

Towards Ahmedabad

Towards Sarkhej – Gandhinagar Highway

Godhavi Village Site Area: 40,000 Sq.mt

Figure 15 Site Context and Road Connectivity

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4.2 Design Guidelines and Bye-Laws · · ·

Development Regulations According to the AUDA DP - Planning Regulations the road side margin is 7.5M and the Side and Rear Margin is 6M. After excluding the area of margins, the total area left for the construction of building is 35,000 Sq.mt.

North

· Figure 16Development Regulations (Margins and Setbacks)

4.3 Site Analysis

North Drawing 6 Site Contour Plan

44M

42M

40M

38M

36M

34M

Natural Drain on Site

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Site Area: 40,000 Sq. Mt.

Proposed Site

Drawing 7 Figure Ground

North State Highway Primary Roads Secondary Roads

Drawing 8 Road Connectivity

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Towards S.P Ring Road and S.G. Highway Sanskardham School And Hostel Anant National University

Zydus – School Of Excellence

Site Area: 40,000 Sq. Mt.

Drawing 9Site Area and Site Dimensions with Context

North Drawing 10 Sensorial Mapping – Site Context

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Chapter 4

Design Development And Area Statement Area Statement Design Considerations (As per program) Conceptual- Process Diagrams and Evolution

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5

Design Development

5.1 Area Statement and Final Program Table 1 Area Statement and Final Program

SR NO

1

1A

NAME OF ACTIVITY GENERAL ADMINISTRATION (Entry + Lobby Space + Reception + Waiting area)

Offices

1B

Library And Archive

1C

Rest Area

1D

Restroom

1E

Storage

Chair Person‟s Office (Attach Restroom) Managing Director‟s Office (Attach Restroom) General Office (15 People ) Conference Room Reading Space Audio Visual Area Archive Office Librarian Office Sitting Space Dry Kitchen Staff Rest Area General (M + F) Office (M + F) Staff (M+F)

AREA (SQ.MT)

QUANTITY

TOTAL (SQ.MT)

300

1

300

30

1

30

25

1

25

90

1

90

90 90 90 30 20 40 20 20 30 30 30 20

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

90 90 90 30 20 40 20 20 30 30 30 20

Total Built – Up Of General Administration

955

Total Built – Up with Circulation

1140

2

JUSTIFICATION

FOOD COURT, DINER AND SHOPS

2A

Food Shops (Minimum 8)

3B

Sitting Area

3D

Restroom

Pantry

20

1

20

Kitchen

40

1

40

General (M+F) Service (M+F)

120 30 30

1 2 2

120 60 60

Total Built – Up Of Food Court, Diner and Shops

300

Total Built – Up with Circulation

360

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PRE – PRODUCTION

3

3A

3B 3C

Lobby + Reception + Waiting Area Producer‟s Office Director‟s Office Story Board Office Office Assistant Space Production Area Conference Room Rehearsal Hall Common Sitting Space Rest Area Dry Kitchen General (M+F) Restroom Office(M+F)

300

1

300

60 50 40

4 4 4

240 200 160

90

1(12 People)

90

80 90

1(24 People) 2

80 180 0

30 30 30

4B

30 30 30

Total Built – Up Of Pre – Production Area

1340

Total Built – Up with Circulation

1610

4

4A

1 1 1

PRODUCTION

Indoor Shooting Floors

General Workshop

Small Floor Large Floor Production Control Room (Attached with Floors) Make – Up Room Workshop (Attached with Floors) Store (Attached with Floors) Restrooms (Attached with Floors) (M+F) Props Shop Tailoring Material Supply Equipment Storage

500 800

2 2

1000 1600

40

4

160

40

4

160

30

4

120

20

4

80

30

4

120

40 40 30 30 20

1 1 1 1 1

40 40 30 30 20

Total Built – Up Of Production Area

3400

Total Built – Up with Circulation

4080

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POST – PRODUCTION

5 5A

5A 1

5A 2

5A 3 5A 4 5A 5

5B

5B 1 5B 2 5B 3 5B 4 5B 5 5B 6 5B 7 5B 8

5C

5C 1

SOUND STUDIO Lobby + Reception + Waiting Area Chief Sound Engineer‟s Office Sound Engineer‟s Offices Office General Office Space General Mixing Studio Sound Mixing Mixing Studio + Studio Recording Theatre General Suite Dubbing Dolby 5.1 Dubbing Studio Suite Sound Effect Studio Projection Room Review Sitting Space Theatre Screening Space

200

1

200

30

1

30

30

1

30

120

1

120

200

1

200

120

1

120

200

1

200

200 60 80 40

1 1 1 1

200 60 80 40

Total Built – Up Of Sound Studio

1280

Total Built – Up with Circulation

1540

Colour Lab Lobby + Reception + Waiting Area Lab in charge Chemist Office Offices General Office Space Chemical Processing Zone Negative Processing Zone Positive Processing Zone Color Analyzer Rom Printing Room Projection Room Storage ( General )

90

1

90

30 20

1 1

30 20

50

1(6 People)

50

150 150 100 50 50 40 30

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

150 150 100 50 50 40 30

Total Built – Up Of Color Lab

760

Total Built – Up with Circulation

910

Editing Studio Lobby + Reception + Waiting Area Chief Editor Offices

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1

90

30

1

30

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5C 2

5C 3 5C 4

5D 5D 1 5D 2

Assistant Editor General Office VFX Studio Panel Graphic Studio Panel Editing Suite Special Effect Panel Film Editing Panel Storage Per Panel Electric Supply Supply Special Effect Plug Room In

30 150 400

1 1 1

30 150 400

200

1

200

300

1

300

300 30 20

1 1

300 30 20

20

1

20

Total Built – Up Of Editing Studio

1570

Total Built – Up with Circulation

1880

Common Facilities Sitting Area Rest Area Dry Kitchen Area Staff Area General (2 per Restroom dept.)

Offices Rest Area Staff

60 40 40

1 1 1

60 40 40

30

6

180

30 30 20

3 1 1

90 30 20

Total Built – Up Of Common Facilities

460

Total Built – Up with Circulation

550

6

OTHER (OUTDOOR SPACE) Outdoor Shooting Space Backlot Space

As per design.

12.5

Parking Entrance Plaza

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112 Cars 105 Two Wheelers As per design.

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5.2 Design Considerations 5.2.1 Production Facilities 5.2.1.1 Workshops · Workshops like metal workshop, wood workshop and painting and plastering workshop are very essential for film studio. Here sets for indoor and outdoor shooting are prepared according to the design of art director. In the case of film studio it will be economic to have compact and courtyard planning of workshops as it will be easy to make the sets sequentially. · 5.2.1.2 Architectural considerations for workshops · Natural light should be provided in enough quantity. · Space like storage, cutting , finishing etc. should be arrange according to sequence of work · Workshop should have height of minimum 4.5M · There should be enough space to make possible trial setup of an entire set without disturbing other work. · 5.2.1.3 Dressing Room · Dressing room is used in a film studio for changing the dress and for hair and makeup by actors. This facility is available for actor in sound stage of film studio and for location shooting vanity van is provided for actors for changing and make up. Dressing room specially consists of wardrobe, changing space and makeup area. · 5.2.1.4 Backlot · A Backlot is an area behind or adjoining a movie studio, containing permanent exterior buildings for outdoor scenes in film making or television production or space for temporary set construction”. The buildings on Backlot are usually constructed with three sides and a roof, often missing the back wall and one of the side walls. All the sets on a studio Backlot are built so that what looks large or as if it covers miles of ground on the big or small screen in reality only takes up a few acres of the Backlot. There is no such specific requirement for Backlot but it should be enough to hold sets for outdoor shooting along with camera and all the equipment. · 5.2.1.5 Sound Stage · The sound stage is a building or portion of a building usually insulated from outside noise and natural light for use by the entertainment industry for motion picture, television and commercial production. Sound stages are classified according to the floor area as small, medium, large and extra-large. · The basic equipment of sound stage serves to facilitate the assembling and dismantling of sets and the mechanized operation of light equipment and to supply electrical power as need. It is installed on the working ceiling, which is either suspended from or built into the roof.

5.2.1.6 Architectural Considerations for Sound Stages · Area of small soundstage should be minimum 400 Sq.mt. the medium should be minimum 820 Sq.mt. large should be 1400Sq.mt.and extra-large should be 1800 Sq.mt. · Clear height for these categories should be proportional to the diagonal length and should not be less than 0.23D · For super stages span should be 38m to 48m and length should be 54m to 72m. · Height should be minimum 12M or Maximum 25M. (As per the requirement and need of that studio). · Soundproofing should be done to keep away outside noise · A powerful and noiseless air conditioning system should be provided

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5.2.2 Post Production Facilities 5.2.2.1

Post Production Studio · In this studio, final works of motion picture editing are done. · This studio contains a recording room, control room, video editing room, mastering room and colour grading room. · This studio should be completely soundproof and lightproof so that the best quality of work can be delivered to the client. · This studio has frequent visitors that are involved in the film especially actors, director, producers, singers and musicians so they should be placed in a site in such a way that visitors coming here would not disturb other spaces like outdoor shooting, indoor shooting etc.

5.2.2.2 Architectural Considerations for Sound Editing and Recording Studio · Studio should be designed around the principles of room acoustics and should be light proof i.e. no light should enter the spaces in the recording so that the best quality of sound and vision can be delivered. · Minimum ceiling height should be 4.5M · For the visual connection between the control room and recording room observation window with glass should be provided and should be of size 2M x 9M (minimum). · The glass panel of size 8mm thick and 12mm thick with an air gap of 30cm separating them. · All doors in the studio contain double glass with a gap between them. · Ceiling should be of RCC and should be acoustically treated · Walls should be a double leaf · Flooring should be of carpet with the sponge of good quality to make it noise proof. · Floating Floor should be used for eliminating the studio from outside noise. · The working plane should be well illuminated.

5.2.2.3 Acoustic · It is very important to have acoustic consideration in the recording studio for a better quality of sound. For acoustic treatment and consideration, various acoustic properties and treatment materials should be known. Acoustic in the building fan be controlled by controlling two kinds of noise i.e. airborne noise and structure-borne noise. Airborne noise transfers from one space to another through the air from source and structure-borne noise travels through the vibration of the structure of building due to the impact of source 5.2.2.4 · · · · ·

5.2.2.5 · · · · ·

5.2.2.6 ·

Goals of Acoustic Treatment To prevent standing waves and acoustic interference from affecting the frequency response of recording studios and listening rooms.

To reduce reverberation time in large studios and auditorium To absorb or diffuse sound in the room to avoid ringing and flutter echoes To keep sound from leaking into or out of a room.

Architectural considerations for a video editing studio A light-proof room should be used for video editing For ventilation and to throw the heat generated by equipment proper design and installation of air conditioning system should be done Video editing studio should accommodate a sitting space for the editor a working table with monitors and editing panel This room should have racks on which to arrange unused film and film being edited can be placed Provision should be made so that it can be dust-free Architectural considerations for mastering and color grading studio A light-proof room should be used.

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· · · ·

5.2.2.7 ·

For ventilation and to throw the heat generated by equipment proper design and installation of air conditioning system should be done.

The studio should accommodate a sitting space for the editor a working table with monitors and equipment panel.

Ceiling height should be minimum 3.5M. The distance of monitor in colour grading studio can be calculated by (3/2)* monitor size Screening Room or Review Theatre The screening room is a room in which films are shown on a large screen for a small private audience. Usually, the screening room is used by the film making team to see whether the final quality of movie has been accomplished according to the vision of director-producer and other creative staffs and is used in between to see the quality of work. Beside this screening room in a film, the studio is also used for primer of movies where no. of guests are called along with the film making team. During the primer of movies, film making team along with actors attends primer program in a screening room where the red carpet is laid from a certain distance of entrance where they are dropped from the car. After entrance at a certain point, they give a short interview to the press who are called to the primer of the movie. Then all of the guests and film making team walks towards the screening room.

·

5.2.2.8 · · · · · · · ·

Architectural consideration for screening room Main room The maximum viewing distance should not be greater than twice the width of the widest picture to be projected.

The width of the seating pattern should vary from 1 times the widest projected picture of the first row to 1.3 times at the row farthest from the screen.

The viewing angle from the first row of the seats to the center of the picture screen o should not exceed 30 .

2 Area of 0.5m per person for seating arrangement. t should not have natural light walls and ceiling should be reflective material made up of non The viewing angel from first row of seat to the center of the picture should not exceed o 30

·

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5.4 Conceptual- Process Diagrams and Evolution

Drawing 11 Conceptual Process Diagrams and Evolution

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Chapter 5

Technical Drawing Set Plans Sectional Elevations Construction Details

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6

Technical Drawing Set

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7

References and Bibliography

[1]

KEY Creative Team 2017 Film & TV Production Roles and Departments Listening 1–10

[2]

Shrestha P L 2014 Film Studio Design

[3]

Sector S M PINEWOOD THE CASE FOR EXPANSION MEETING THE NEED FOR GROWTH IN THE

[4]

Chopra Y 2006 Yash Raj Films

[5]

City F Development of Film City Tourism

Laxmi Studio- https://www.laxmifilmcity.com/

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