URBAN LANDSCAPE 城市景观 香港建筑科学出版社 主编 广州市百翊文化传播有限公司 发行
(2014)
TOP 100 WORLD'S LANDSCAPE 世界景观设计 100强
TOP 100 WORLD'S LANDSCAPE
世界景观设计 100 强
Grand Park Bunker Hill, Downtown Los Angeles
CITY PARK 城市公园
City Square 城市广场
CITY space 城市空间
Pocket Park 袖珍公园
洛杉矶市中心 邦克山 Grand 公园
Architect: Rios Clementi Hale Studios Client: Grand Avenue Committee; Related Companies; County of Los Angeles Location: Los Angeles, U.S.A Area: 48,562.3 m2 Photography: Tom Bonner, Jim Simmons. 设计公司：Rios Clementi Hale Studios 客户：Grand Avenue 委员会、洛杉矶郡等 地点：美国洛杉矶 面积：48 562.3 m2 摄影师：汤姆邦纳 , 吉姆·西蒙斯
Overview Grand Park is located on what was an underutilized urban site in downtown Los Angeles'Bunker Hill neighborhood, with 27m of grade change along a four-block area. Grand Avenue and The Music Center complex comprise the west border; Los Angeles City Hall and Spring Street anchor the site to the east. The site previously held the Los Angeles County Civic Center Mall as well as a surface parking lot just west of City Hall. The area, designed decades ago for ease of vehicular traffic entering a belowgrade parking structure, was essentially cut off from its surroundings by vehicular ramps and large government buildings. This central site is accessible by public transit. 项目概况 Grand 公园位于洛杉矶市中心邦克山附近一块未充分开发的 城市用地内，沿四个区域以 27 米的高度分级变化。公园的西 面是 Grand 大道和音乐中心综合体；东面是洛杉矶市政大厅 和 Spring Street anchor。场地曾为洛杉矶郡市民中心广场 且有一个位于市政大厅西面的露天停车场。数十年前这片区 域被设计用作缓解车辆进入一个低级停车场的压力，而它本 质上是从它周围的行车坡道及大型政府大楼切除出来的。这 Site Plan 总平面图
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个中央地区易于公共运输进入。
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Grand Park's landscape architecture and architecture by Rios Clementi Hale Studios creates a distinctive, interconnected, and inviting space. The design is inspired by the diversity of the people of the region, both explicitly and implicitly, in the variety of its lawns, terraces, plazas, and gardens. Although Grand Park is a significant marker of the county, it is not meant to be a static monument, but rather act as the "front- and backyards" for the community. It is a public garden that reclaims a key urban site to celebrate the Los Angeles County of yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Grand Park is a distinctive space designed to "feel" like Los Angeles, with its lush and diverse vegetation echoing the region's numerous backyard gardens, as well as open lawns, gardens, bright-magenta furniture, and shady spaces to see and be seen.
Rios Clementi Hale Studios 为 Grand 公园的景观设计及建 筑打造了一个独特的、交互的且魅力十足的空间。设计灵感 源于区域内各种各样的人，既清晰又含蓄地体现在种类繁多 的草坪、露台、广场及花园方面。尽管 Grand 公园是洛杉矶 郡一处重要地标，但并不意味着它就是一处静悄悄的遗址， 恰恰相反，它充当着社区里“前庭后院”的角色。作为一个 公共花园，Grand 开拓了一片重要的城市区域以展现洛杉矶 郡的昨天、今天和明天。Grand 公园是一个独特的空间，它 的设计“感觉”就像是洛杉矶，里面茂盛多样的植物呼应着 区域内数量众多的后花园，以及开放式草坪、花园、亮洋红 色设施以及可以驻足停留的阴凉空间。
Section 剖面图
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Different activities occur in Grand Park's four public spaces, or "blocks." In Blocks One and Two, visitors will find the Fountain Plaza with the regal, restored Arthur J. Will Memorial Fountain and interactive water features (by Fluidity Design Consultants); new buildings, which house the park office and public restrooms; Olive Court, a plaza that marks the historic alignment of Olive Street with olive trees and Mediterranean plantings, as well as historic speaker poles and benches; and the Performance Lawn with broad expanses of grass and a small stage. This shady lawn area incorporates several existing Jacaranda trees and is surrounded by various gardens containing plants from North America, Australia, and Southeast Asia. Grand 公园的四个公共空间（或者说是“街区”） 可举办不同的活动。在街区一和二这里，游客会看 到喷泉广场、重建的亚瑟 •J• 威尔纪念喷泉以及由 Fluidity Design Consultants 设计的互动水景；新 楼宇（作为公园管理处及公共休息室） ；橄榄球场（这 是一个广场，标志着种满橄榄树及地中海植物以及 著名的 speaker poles 及长椅的橄榄大街的历史定 位）；表演草坪（有宽阔的草坪和一个小小的舞台）。 这片背阴的草坪区域种有数株蓝花楹，周边被种有 北美、澳大利亚以及东南亚植物的各种不同的花园 包围。
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Many overt and subtle elements of Grand Park emerge from the overall structure of the plan, which alludes to the Goode Projection—a composite map projection used for world maps—and its curving lines known as "meridians". This idea is manifested in the gently curving meridian paths that join the north and south promenades, and conceptually extend— via cross streets—into downtown areas, including Chinatown to the north and the city's historic core to the south. This feature of the layout signals the dispersed geography of Los Angeles County and the rich diversity of its population. Also emphasizing world cultures are the floristic gardens and the environmental graphics program (designed by Sussman/ Prejza & Company) that includes entry totems welcoming visitors in 25 languages that are found on Los Angeles County voter registration materials. Grand 公园内诸多或明显或细微的元素透过规划 的整体结构显现出来，暗合“古德投影”——世 界地图所采用的复合地图投影—— 和它的曲线， 即“子午线”。这一构思通过平缓蜿蜒的子午线 小径得到证明，小径将南北的散步道连接起来并 进行概念上的延伸——通过跨越街道——到达 市中心区域（包括北部的唐人街和南部的城市历 史核心区）。这一布局的特点显示出洛杉矶郡分 散的地形以及它的人口的丰富多样。同时也强调 了世界文化正是植物区系园，环境制图项目（由 Sussman/Prejza & Company 设计）包括以洛 杉矶郡选民登记材料为基础的以 25 种语言欢迎 各方来客的准入图腾。
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In Blocks Three and Four, visitors will find the Community Terrace, a large central plaza surrounded by gardens from each of the world's six Floristic Kingdoms; small lawn areas for picnics and lounging; a Flag Garden; the Broadway Terraces as well as informal stepped-seating areas; the Event Lawn, an open, flexible area for large public gatherings and marketplace; and even a dog run. One of the greatest improvements that immediately engages the public is the new terraced entry to the park from Grand Avenue. Once both physically and visually inaccessible due to the large circular parking ramps providing access to the garage below, the park now flows naturally from Grand Avenue's sidewalk to the Fountain Plaza nearly 9m below. 在街区三和四，游客可以看到社区露台（一个大 型中央广场，被由世界六大植物王国构成的花园 所包围） ；小型草坪区域（可以在这里野餐和休憩） ； 一个旗帜花园；百老汇露台以及日常用的阶梯式 座位区；活动草坪（一个用于大型公共集会及市 集的开放式灵活区域）；还有一条遛狗道。 最大的改善之一，是从 Grand 大道进入公园的新 阶梯式入口能够及时吸引公众。从前，由于一条 长长的环形停车坡道为下面的停车库提供通道， 所以无论地理上还是视觉上都很难到达或看到公 园，现在公园很自然地从 Grand 大道的人行道转 向下面 9 米处的喷泉广场。
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Grand Park is filled with trees and plants that frame its relationship to its context and to Los Angeles County as a whole. Animated with pedestrian traffic and the dynamic water play of the fountain, the result is a vibrant urban park that celebrates the city and its inhabitants, expressing civic values of the 21st century. Grand 公园遍植树木和植物，将公园和周围环境 及洛杉矶郡连成一个整体。繁忙的行人交通及喷 泉里的动态水景组成了一个为庆祝城市及其居民 而建的生机勃勃的城市公园，展现了 21 世纪的公 民价值。
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TOP 100 WORLD'S LANDSCAPE
CITY PARK
世界景观设计 100 强
Central Park Hunnan Axis, Shenyang
城市公园
City Square 城市广场
CITY space 城市空间
Pocket Park 袖珍公园
沈阳浑南 中央公园
Landscape architect: NiekRoozenLoosvanVliet;NRLVV (In collaboration with Landscape Institute Shenyang) Client: City of Shenyang Location: Shenyang, Liaoning Province China 设计公司：NiekRoozenLoosvanVliet;NRLVV （与沈阳景观研究院合作设计） 客户：沈阳市政府 项目地点：中国辽宁省沈阳市
Site Plan 总平面图
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Hunnan Axis is the central urban park running 4 km north-south through the new city district Hunnan between downtown Shenyang and the airport. The masterplan for Hunnan District is based on an orthogonal network of streets and blocks with various land uses. The urban grid is enriched with two linear parks which cross each other. NRLVV is responsible for the design of the larger park (300m wide and 4 km long) which runs north-south, in line with the axis of Shenyang's Forbidden City. The park area north of City Hall is dominated by hills and forest while water dominates the south of the park. Water occurs overall and acts as a binding element for the entire length of the park, but takes on many forms such as canals, water source, unique water fountain or large pond.
浑南新区位于沈阳市中心与机场之间。浑南中央公园贯穿浑南新区，
A series of hills that subtly vary in height fill the north area of the park. The slopes contain an alternating mix of dense planting and open lawn areas. The water element begins as a spring atop the highest hill. The water flows slowly downhill between the hills, over various steps towards a wider canal and ends by City Hall. The bottom surface of the canal was meticulously detailed with a natural stone pattern which is attractive not only when water flows but also when it is empty during the long frost period of Shenyang's strong winters. The hills are separated from each other by long paved plazas which not only connect the two sides of the park but also provide space for the facilities and functions of the park, such as play equipment, flower planters and benches.
延绵的山丘高度不齐，惟妙惟肖，贯穿整个公园北区。斜坡上交替
The park south of City Hall is made up of plazas with various water features and large fountains. Where the Hunnan Axis crosses the linear park from east to west, a large pool of water has been designed, complete with a network of steel walkways over the surface. The park ends in a fantastic lake, with orthogonal-shaped islands where people can rest in the shadow of the trees.
南北轴长 4 千米。浑南新区的总体规划以由街道与大厦构成的“大 十字” 空间结构为基本框架，实现土地的功能用途。两个带状公 园纵横交错，丰富了城市肌理。公园宽 300 米，长 4 千米呈南北 走向，延续了沈阳紫禁城的中轴线。公园景观由 NRLVV 负责设计。 市政府以北的公园区域以山丘与森林为主。而公园南部区域以水景 观为主题。水景观贯穿整个公园，构成连接各公园区域的纽带。然 而，水景观展现形式丰富多样，包括运河，水源，独特的喷泉或大 型水池。
分布着茂密的植物林与开阔的草坪。水犹如泉水从最高峰缓缓而下。 水缓缓地流淌过山丘之间，层级而下，然后注入运河，最后止步于 市政府。通过精心处理，将运河河底打造成自然石材纹理。无论是 河水流淌之时，还是在枯水之时（每年沈阳都要经历严寒的结霜期）， 如此打造的河底纹理都是一睹美景。铺砌地砖的广场延绵不息，将 众山丘相隔。广场不仅连接公园两带，而且还给公园的各项设施与 功能提供了空间，比如游乐设备，花盆与长凳等等。 市政府以南的公园区域主要由广场构成。这里布满了各类水景观与 大型喷泉。浑南轴道自东向西延伸，就在其与带状公园相交的地方 已设计了一个大型水池。水池周边配套了由钢架走道构成的交通网 络。公园的尽头打造了一个令人惊叹的湖，湖中央打造了若干呈矩 形的小岛。人们可在小岛上的树林间休息、纳凉。
Aerial View 鸟瞰图
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