Leading Medicine Spring-Summer 2023, Houston Methodist Clear Lake Hospital edition

LEADING MEDICINE

How Do I Know if I Have an Autoimmune Disease?

We often categorize fatigue and other recurring symptoms such as muscle aches, joint pain or swelling, as just a part of life. But what if your joint pain or ongoing brain fog is more than everyday wear and tear? If you notice an onset of new, unexplainable symptoms, you may be experiencing signs of an autoimmune disorder.

WHAT ARE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES?

Our immune systems are our body’s soldiers, designed to protect us from anything foreign, such as bacteria and viruses that make us sick. When these external invaders strike, our immune system sends an army of autoantibodies to attack. Normally, our bodies can tell the difference between foreign cells and our own cells. Sometimes our immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. When this happens, it’s called an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 23.5 million Americans. There are over 80 different types, and they can attack almost any part of your body. The most common include:

■ Chron’s disease

■ Diabetes (type 1)

■ Lupus

■ Multiple sclerosis

■ Psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis

■ Rheumatoid arthritis

■ Certain thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of autoimmune diseases often overlap and are mistaken for other conditions. Ths makes it extremely difficult to diagnose exactly the cause. These sneaky indicators can look like any of the following:

■ Fatigue

■ Achy muscles

■ Joint swelling and redness

■ Low-grade, recurring fever

■ Trouble concentrating

■ Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet

■ Hair loss

■ Skin rashes

■ Joint pain

■ Abdominal pain or digestive issues

■ Swollen glands

“It’s easy to mistake autoimmune symptoms with other conditions,” said Dr. Donna Jose, a rheumatologist at Houston Methodist Clear Lake Hospital. “ That is why it’s very important to document your symptoms and discuss family history with your physician so they can help you connect the dots and achieve an effective treatment plan.”

CAUSES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

There is no defintive cause, but researchers have some theories on who is more susceptible to having an autoimmune disease. Factors that potentially play a role include:

■ Gender – women are more likely to have an autoimmune disorder, especially during childbearing years.

■ Genetics – people who have a family history of autoimmune diseases are more susceptible to having an autoimmune disorder themselves.

■ Environmental factors – exposure to certain chemicals and toxins potentially have an impact, especially on those who smoke.

■ Diet – the western diet of high fat, high sugar and overly processed food has been linked to diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.

■ Infections or traumas – some conditions may be triggered or worsened by certain infections or bodily injuries.

“Individuals with one autoimmune disease are more likely to develop another,” Jose shared. “People who have been diagnosed with one should be aware of this possibility and stay in contact with their doctor for close monitoring.”

You don’t have to suffer in silence if you are experiencing unexplainable or chronic symptoms. •

Talk to a Rheumatologist

The specialists at Houston Methodist Rheumatology Associates in Clear Lake provide individualized, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of systemic autoimmune conditions and musculoskeletal diseases. Call 281.523.3270 to make an appointment.

Dr. Donna Jose

Know the Signs of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer begins when healthy cells in the bladder lining change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. Although it is the fourth most common type of cancer, bladder cancer is highly treatable when caught in the early stages.

THE SYMPTOMS TO WATCH FOR

People with bladder cancer typically experience changes in their bladder habits or symptoms of irritation, such as:

■ Blood in the urine

■ Painful urination

■ Frequent urination

■ Getting the need to urinate throughout the night while sleeping

■ Having trouble urinating or having a weak urine stream

■ Lower back pain on one side

“Blood in the urine is the most common symptom of bladder cancer,” Dr. Gabriel Rodriguez, a urologist at Houston Methodist Urology Associates, explained. “It doesn’t always mean you have bladder cancer. More often, it’s caused by other things, such as an infection, kidney stones or other kidney diseases. However, it’s important to have it checked by your provider so the cause can be found and treated.”

WHO IS AT RISK?

Physicians recommend screening tests for people at high risk. Factors include:

Age and gender. About 90% of people with bladder cancer are over age 55, and men are four times more likely to be diagnosed with the disease.

Smoking. Smoking causes about half of all bladder cancers.

Exposure to chemicals. Certain chemicals, such as arsenic and chemicals used in the manufacturing of dyes, rubber, leather, textiles and paint, have been linked to bladder cancer.

Personal or family history. People who have had bladder cancer previously or have family members who have had it are at a higher risk of experiencing it.

WAYS TO REDUCE RISK

Although there are no guaranteed ways to prevent bladder cancer, you can lower your risk:

■ Don’t smoke.

■ Take caution with chemicals.

■ Stay properly hydrated.

■ Eat a well-balanced diet.

■ Report any suspicious symptoms.

“People who smoke are three times more likely to develop bladder cancer,” Rodriguez said. “Take care of your health and see a physician if you experience symptoms.” •

Schedule an Appointment

If you are concerned about any changes or irritations in your bladder, visit houstonmethodist.org/ cancer/bladder-cancer or call 281.333.8899 to schedule an appointment with a urologist.

Dr. Gabriel Rodriguez

JOINT REPLACEMENT: GettingYou Back to an Active Lifestyle

Severe joint pain can keep you from enjoying life to the fullest. But thanks to advances in less invasive replacement surgery, you can get back to an active lifestyle with less downtime than you might think.

“Minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized the joint replacement procedure,” explained Dr. Sawyer Croley, an orthopedic surgeon who focuses on hip and knee replacement at Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine at Clear Lake. “Ths means less trauma to surrounding tissues, less pain and scarring, faster recovery time, and a quicker return to daily activities.”

Joints are the parts of the body where two bones meet, enabling movement and stability. If a joint is damaged, it can cause signifiant pain and limited mobility that can negatively impact quality of life. Hip and knee replacements are the most commonly performed joint replacements, but replacement surgery can be performed on other joints as well, such as the ankle, wrist, shoulder and elbow.

Common reasons joint pain develops include:

1. Arthritis

2. Overweight or obesity

3. Past injury

Without treatment, joint pain gets worse over time. Having surgery can seem daunting, but the results can be life-changing. Advancements in technology and techniques have made joint replacement procedures much safer and more effective, with quicker recovery times.

WHY SURGERY COULD BE YOUR NEXT STEP

“There are many misconceptions surrounding joint replacement, but the reality is that it’s a safe and effective treatment option for those suffering from chronic joint pain,” Croley said.

Essentially, joint replacement is more like joint resurfacing. When a joint becomes worn out, the nerve endings in the bones become exposed, causing pain. The surgeon places a new surface on the end of the bones, like a cap that is designed to cover up and protect the nerve endings.

However, it is important to have realistic expectations about living with the updated joint. Croley explained, “Your knee will never be like it was 20 years ago, but if you want a functional knee with less pain, you,re going to be pleased with the results.”

Th re are several reasons to consider joint replacement surgery, including:

1. L ong-lasting results. In many cases, people can enjoy improved joint function and relief for upwards of 20 years. Over 80% of patients who have undergone surgery are very happy with their knee replacement and would do it again.

2. Minimal recovery time. Advances in surgical techniques have led to the development of less invasive joint surgery options that offer quicker recovery times and reduced risk of complications compared to traditional surgery.

3. Increased activity. New technology and approaches make joint replacement outcomes feel more natural. Most patients who have joint replacement surgery can get back to low-impact activities, such as swimming or walking, within four to six weeks.

Houston Methodist developed a Rapid Recovery Program to streamline healing after joint replacement surgery. Patients who are relatively healthy and have good family support are eligible to go home on the same day as the surgery.

For inpatient procedures, many patients are up and walking within hours after surgery. Whether you recover in the hospital or at home, your care team is dedicated to your success.

“With time and rehabilitation, patients can expect to see significant improvements in their range of motion and ability to perform daily activities,” Croley explained. “Recovery is a gradual process, and it may take time to see the full benefits of the surgery.”

The sooner you talk to an orthopedic specialist about your persistent joint pain, the quicker you’ll be back to enjoying life to the fullest. •

SIGN S IT ’S TIME TO CONSIDER SURGERY:

Start Li ving Life to the Fullest Again, With Less Pain

Dr. Sawyer Croley

TUMMY ACHE OR MORE? Understanding Spleen and Gallbladder Condition Symptoms

e spleen and gallbladder are important organs that help your body’s immune and digestive systems function. Yet thousands of gallbladders and spleens are removed from American patients each year.

e spleen is an organ that contributes to your body’s immune system by regulating the levels of red and white blood cells. It is about the f a fist and can be found on the upper left side of your abdomen near the stomach.

“When the spleen isn’t working properly, it can remove healthy blood cells from circulation, leading to anemia and an increased risk of infection, bleeding and bruising,” said Dr. LaRon Mason, general surgeon at Houston Methodist Clear Lake Hospital.

The gallbladder is an organ that releases bile into the small intestine to help with your digestion. It’s about the size of a pear and is located on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath the liver.

Gallbladder disease can include infection, inflammation, stones or blockages. These can lead to jaundice, severe pain and sudden changes in blood pressure.

Let’s take a closer look at symptoms you shouldn’t ignore that indicate something’s gone wrong with these organs.

SYMPTOMS OF SPLEEN TROUBLE

Problems with the spleen can produce many symptoms. Here are a couple of things to look out for:

■ Pain and tenderness behind the left ibs

■ Dizziness and a rapid heart rate

These symptoms could indicate a ruptured or damaged spleen. Ths is a medical emergency that can cause life-threatening bleeding.

Less serious, an enlarged spleen can be the result of infection, injury or disease. Symptoms include:

■ Feeling very full right after eating

■ Pain and discomfort behind the ribs

■ Anemia or fatigue

■ Frequent infections

■ E asy bleeding

“Your doctor can diagnose your enlarged spleen during a physical exam, since a spleen cannot be felt unless it is enlarged. Following up with X-rays and blood work can help identify the cause,” explained Mason. “Sometimes surgery is needed if an enlarged spleen is causing serious complications.”

SYMPTOMS OF GALLBLADDER PROBLEMS

Gallbladder conditions can have a variety of symptoms. If a gallstone lodges in a duct and causes a blockage, symptoms can include:

■ Sudden pain in the upper right abdomen

■ Sudden pain in the center of the abdomen

■ Pain in the back between the shoulder blades

■ R ight shoulder pain

■ Nausea or vomiting

Make sure you seek immediate care from a doctor if you experience these symptoms of a serious gallstone complication, such as an infection:

■ Intense abdominal pain

■ Yellowing of the skin and white of eyes

■ High fever and chills

Th e spleen and gallbladder are important, but sometimes when they develop problems, the best course of action is surgery to remove the organ. When the spleen is removed, the liver assumes many of its jobs. The same goes for the gallbladder — the liver is there for backup.

You shouldn’t ignore symptoms of spleen or gallbladder trouble, as these conditions could be severe and lifethreatening. “A warning sign is severe abdominal pain that intensifies on the right side,” said Mason. “Make sure to seek immediate care — don’t wait.” •

SPLEEN AND GALLBLADDER EMERGENCIES

Seek immediate medical attention for the following:

Ruptured spleen: Dizziness, pain behind the left ribs, rapid heart rate. This condition can cause life-threatening bleeding.

Gallstones: Severe abdominal pain in the upper right with nausea and vomiting for more than two hours, or fever.

Care Close to Home

If you suspect gallbladder or spleen problems, know that the quality of care you need is available nearby at Houston Methodist Gastroenterology Associates. Our new practice location at 18123 Upper Bay Rd. provides expert diagnosis, treatments, clinical trials and other resources. To schedule an appointment, call 281.523.3320

Dr. LaRon Mason

Stay in the Game: Tips on SportsPreventingInjuries

We,ve all witnessed a sporting event pause for an injured player. Fortunately, there are specialists to help athletes immediately on the fild and recover from injuries such as an ACL or labral tears.

When engaging in physical activity, there,s no guarantee that no one will get injured. However, Dr. Brittney Warren, an orthopedic surgeon at Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine at Clear Lake, offers suggestions on the best ways to avoid sports injuries. Whether you ,re an athlete or the occasional pickleball player, these tips effectively keep you in the game.

SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION

Exercise regularly. Find a consistent routine to get your body moving all year round. Choose a routine that balances your strength and flexbility.

Strengthen your core. You should work to build muscle groups evenly. But it’s essential to build a strong core. Ths improves your balance and stability no matter the sport you,re playing.

Practice good form and technique. Many injuries result from twisting, turning or landing incorrectly.

“ACL injuries often occur after a noncontact, awkward landing,” Warren explained. “Practicing good form builds muscle memory, so when you,re in the game, you,re less likely to injure yourself.”

E at a balanced diet. Eating healthy and in moderation is a good rule of thumb. It helps you maintain an appropriate weight, which means less stress on your joints. Fueling your body correctly will improve your focus and performance, which lowers your injury risk.

Listen to your body. It,s good practice to listen to your body,s cues. Whether you didn,t get enough sleep or are fatigued from a strenuous workout, it’s important to recognize the signs of fatigue.

If you sustain a sports injury, the best thing you can do is schedule an appointment with an orthopedic specialist. Together, you can begin a treatment plan to get you back in the game. •

SAME-DAY ORTHOPEDIC INJURY CLINIC

When injuries can’t wait, visit the walk-in Houston Methodist Orthopedic Injury Clinic at Clear Lake Hospital — no appointment is needed. Our experts will quickly evaluate and treat your injury. The clinic provides s ame-day treatment for:

■ Fractures and broken bones

■ Injured tendons

■ Minor dislocations

■ Sports injuries

■ Sprains and strains

■ Torn ligaments

To learn more about the injury clinic, visit houstonmethodist.org/osm-injury-cl or call 346.888.1661

Chronic conditions, back or spine injuries, motor vehicle accidents and workers’ compensation injuries are not treated at the injury clinic. Call 346.888.1661 to schedule an appointment with the appropriate physician for those conditions.

See a Sports Medicine Specialist

Our sports medicine team includes orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, primary care sports medicine doctors and athletic trainers working together to create a personalized treatment plan for you. For help finding a sports medicine specialist, visit houstonmethodist.org/orthopedics/clearlake or call 346.888.1661 .

Dr. Brittney Warren