Economics of Internet Addiction
by Jaywon Lee, Ph.D. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
UNESCO Asia-Pacific Ministrial Forum theme: Effective and Safe Use of ICT in Education Social impact of ICT on learners: • Misuse, overuse, and abuse of the internet • Online and data security • New socialization behavior and relationship among young learners • Risk of ICT in Education – Content, technological, commercial, etc.
IT revolution has created the digital ecosystem, another tangible REAL world, “the digital world�
We need to explore possible boundaries in the digital world between commerce, governance, education, and the human interaction.
The inconvenient truth‌
Environmental Crisis in the Digital World
Digital Information “Pollution� in the Digital World,
Infollution = Information Pollution The negative side effects of the informatization affecting human nature & society structure Information overload Digital divide
Cyber violence Multiple Identities
Neglected infollution
Open access to obscene materials
Internet addiction
Informatization
Piracy
Hacking
Virus
Handled by commercial business
The key aspect that infollution and pollution share is that they were created unintentionally from excessive, uncontrolled use of resources.
infollution = information pollution Cyber violence
Addiction to Addiction to violent video games
Cyber violence Open access to obscene materials
Piracy
IT Revolution
violent internet games Information overload
Hacking
Open access to obscene materials
Virus
Children start using the internet and video games from
years old Source: http://www.etimes.net/
100% Use Swear words in their everyday language Source: http://www.etimes.net/
90% First exposed to obscene materials before the age of 12 Source: http://www.etimes.net/
60% Cyber-bullied others on the internet Source: http://www.etimes.net/
50% Have played violent online games rated R Source: http://www.etimes.net/
40% Habitually post malicious comments Source: http://www.etimes.net/
30% Sexual crime offenders under 19
Source: http://www.ohmynews.com/
25% Juvenile sexual crime offenders who imitated online porn Source: http://www.etimes.net/
20% Have spread false information or obscene material Source: http://www.etimes.net/
15% Addicted to the internet or online games Source: http://www.etimes.net/
Example: Infolluted Digital World ďƒź Violence in Internet Games
More than 1,000,000 elementary school students (30%) play violent adult online games
Example: Infolluted Digital World ďƒź Cyber-Bullying
More than 900 cyber-bullying sites exist. 1 child tries to commit suicide due to cyber-bullying every 3 days.
Example: Infolluted Digital World ďƒź Overflow of obscene materials on the internet 96% of children see obscene materials before reaching the age of 13.
Sexual crimes against children have increased 5 times in the last 5 years.
If you are 10 years old‌
Example from a major website
[Cartoon} Male size that fascinates a sexy girl?
[Special 19] Adult information Types of Orgasm?? Size attracting sex? [Cartoon] 3 minutes! Tragedy Time needed to exhaust a woman
Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development • Excessive computer game playing may resemble substance abuse or addiction in that it may be a strategy that children use to cope with negative emotions like frustration, fear, and stress (American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36 (5) pg 1-9, 2010)
Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development • Playing a violent video game produces short-term changes to in brain activity, such as an impaired role of DLPFC. An inhibited DLPFC may yield impaired emotional functioning. This suggests that teens may tend towards more aggressive behavior immediately following exposure to violent video games (Media Psychology 13 (2) pg 136-154, 2010)
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) , Source: Center on Media and Health, Harvard University
Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development
Internet addiction makes your brain’s neurological mechanism function at levels similar to drug addiction (cocaine users)
Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development
Internet addiction also impairs your brain to lose control of properly responding to different stimulus (emotional impairment)
Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Violence • Fear and anxiety - many children become scared or nervous by what they see in the media • Desensitization - the more a person sees violence, the less they are shocked by it over time
• Aggression - children learn that violence is a good way to solve conflicts, the more violent TV people watched when they were 8 years old, the more likely they were to commit a violent crime when they were 30 years old. (Developmental Psychology, 2003)
Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008
Outcome 게임중독 Career change
개읶비용
Game expense
Medical cost Behavior change
Family demise
Indicator (Proxies) Loss of income
Calculation / Assumption (평균소득 – 게임중독자평균소득) * 게임중독자수 (가정: 중독률 15%, 생산성하락 10%) Loss of income due 평균소득 * (평균수명 – 게임중독자평균수명) to death Loss of income due (평균소득 – 게임중독으로읶핚 장애읶평균소득) to disability * 게임중독으로읶핚 장애읶수 Excess PC Bang (게임중독자평균PC방사용시간 – cost 평균PC방사용시간) * 게임중독자수 Game and item (게임중독자평균 게임/아이템비용 – purchase 평균 게임/아이템비용) * 게임중독자수 Hospital visit 평균의료비 * 평균진료회수 (게임중독자) Family 평균상담비 * 평균상담회수 * 상담받은관련자수 (게임중독자, 부모, 가족등등) School 평균학생추가상담비 * 게임중독으로 읶핚 평균추가상담회수 가정파탄비용 이혼비용, 가정붕괴비용 (이혼, (위상담비용과 비중복) 가정붕괴등등)
Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008
Outcome
게임중독 Crime 사회비용 increase National welfare loss Loss of GDP & Productivity
Indicator (Proxies)
Calculation / Assumption
Cost of additional crime
게임중독으로읶핚 평균범죄률증가 * 평균범죄당비용
Cost due to investments in game addiction Loss of GDP
상담소, 센터 등등에 대핚 투자
Loss of productivity (Information overload, 근무태만)
평균작업능률저하비용, 게임중독으로 읶핚 평균업무방해시간 * 시간당 평균소득
평균소득 – 게임중독자평균소득
Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008
Outcome
개읶과 사회의 편익
Game company GDP 고용효과 경제적효과
Indicator (Proxies) Revenues from game industry
Calculation / Assumption
Additional employment due to game industry Brand name, 기술발젂 국가위상향상 등등 Promotion/Adve rtisement/Other Externalities
게임산업추가고용수 * 평균게임산업임금 * 중독성게임비율
게임산업 총매출액
게임산업평균 무형자산 * 중독성게임비율, 게임수출 * 중독성게임비율 광고로읶핚매출액 * 중독성게임비율, 기타경제효과는 경제유발계수 1.3로 가정
Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008
게임몰과입 으로 읶핚 경제적 비용편익 분석
비용구분 개읶비용
사회비용
Estimation (천원) 857,075,109 2,996,062,424
개읶과 사회의 비용
3,853,137,533
개읶과 사회의 편익
4,740,716,000
Current/Future Research: Costs/Benefits Analysis For More Industries: • Internet-based Industries • Internet Portals (Google, Yahoo, etc.) • Internet Advertisements • Cyber-violence
Current/Future Research: Infollution Index: • Magnitude of Infollution • Cost related to one unit of infollution index 읶덱스 단위 하나당 사회적 비용 환산 • International comparison • Recommendation
“Do you like openly accessible obscene or violent materials from major sites to be removed?”
Yes
91% Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011
“How do you react when you come across obscene materials on major sites?”
Bothered, but cannot do anything about it OR Accustomed to it
72% Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011
Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011
Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011
Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011
Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011
What Have We Done So Far?
International Efforts (I) U.S.: Communication Decency Act (CDA I) Child Online Protection Act (CDA II) (Both CDA I and CDA II were ruled unconstitutional) Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 (Revised to become the Protect Act of 2003) Germany: Child Protection Law (2002) (Online games, internet violence, cigarette/alcohol)
International Efforts (II) EU: Safer Internet Action Plan (1999-2002) Safer Internet Action Plan Extension (2002-2004) Safer Internet Plus (2005-2008) Safer Internet Programme (2009-2013) Japan: Child Online Restriction Act (2008) Spam Mail Act (2008)
International Efforts (III) Thailand: Online Game Shutdown (2003) (10PM-6AM to Children Under 18)
China: Online Game Fatigue System (2007) Internet Facilities (Parlors) Restriction (2001) Online Game Rating and Personal Registration (2009)
International Efforts (IV) Korea: Cyber Insult Restriction Law (2009) Personal Identification Law (2007) Online Game Rating System (2006) Online Game Shutdown (2008) (12AM-6AM)
What Else Can We Do?
Need To Be Involved to Change the Digital Environment •
Current legislation is not enough
•
Need to build public consensus
•
Build a clean digital environment
“We don’t have to go back two centuries to see regulations we take for granted…. When environmental regulations (e.g.,
regulations on car and factory emissions) appeared a few decades ago, they were opposed by many as serious infringements on our freedom to choose….. Today, most
people accept these regulations as “natural.” They believe that actions that harm others, however unintentionally (such as pollution), need to be restricted..”
“23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism”
by Chang H.J.
infollution ZERO (iZ) Movement in Korea In Collaboration With: City of Seoul National Information Society Agency (KIA) Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) Korea Communications Commission (KCC) Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (MOGET) Gwacheon National Science Museum Naver Korea Education & Research Information Service
Main Activities of infollution ZERO (iZ) Movements 1. Awareness: Green Digital Culture (iClean) 2. Education: Green Digital Kids Program, Fight Digital Divide 3. Research: Infollution Index, Open International Forum
2011 “Green Digital Initiatives” of Do iZ
Awareness
Education
Online
Research
Global initiative
1 D-Festival
2 Experimental Exhibition
3 iZ Children’s
4 World wide research
Portal web-side
5 I Clean off-line campaign
6 Cyber education to 7 Do iZ on-line digital divided
9 Media PR
children
campaign
8 iZ forum / symposium / Game Jam, etc.
Do iZ : iClean Campaign www.xxx.com
1. Index 2. De-prioritize 3. Legislate
Do iZ : iClean Campaign
infollution ZERO (iZ) Green Digital Kids Program
Interactive Hands-on Education iZ Hero Adventure Learn 7 habits to become an iZ hero and save the infolluted digital world! National Science Museum, Korea 2011.7.31-8.31 Children learn about digital environmental issues and media literacy through interactive digital games and hands-on exhibits.
“iZ Hero Adventure” will be developed into digital content such as animation, mobile apps, online games, and children’s books
Campaign: 3.2.1. with me and my mom
Promise between Mom and Children Playing games under 3 days per week Using digital media (internet, TV, etc) under
2 hours per day Playing video games under 1 hors per day
2012, International Forum in Korea
2011 SBS Seoul Digital Forum infollutionZERO: Building a Green Digital World
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= SB5XxTVCzUY&feature=related
President M.B. Lee Also Supports iZ Movement for Green Digital World
iZ Movement Participants (I)
Larry King - Hosted CNN’s longest running TV show Larry King Live for over 25 years, connecting global leaders from politics, industry, entertainment, and academia. - Over 50 years in broadcasting as a host of TV and radio talk shows. - Literally the “King” of the interview, an Ultimate Connector
Gloria Steinem - Has dedicated her life to better connecting society as a pioneer of the gender equality movement - Creator of the indispensable term “Ms.” - Chosen as the top 25 most influential women in the 20th century by the Time magazine.
iZ Movement Participants (II)
Nicholas Carr - Leading IT Futurist, dubbed a father of the Internet - Bestselling author of The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains - His provocative article, Is Google Making Us Stupid? (2008), has been widely read and discussed, alarming negative effects of cutting edge IT technologies on our knowledge and culture.
Naveen Selvadurai Co-founder, Foursquare
Patrick Cronin Senior Advisor & Senior director, Center for New American Security
iZ Movement Participants (III)
Marcel Rosenbach
Eric Whitacre
Reporter, Der Spiegel, Co-Author , Staatsfeind WikiLeaks
Composer and Conductor
Yongkyung Lee Member of the National Assembly, Former CEO of KT
Peter Hayes Co-founder & Executive Director The Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability
Thank you