제52회 Economics of Internet Addiction.JLee.KAIST

Economics of Internet Addiction

by Jaywon Lee, Ph.D. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

UNESCO Asia-Pacific Ministrial Forum theme: Effective and Safe Use of ICT in Education Social impact of ICT on learners: • Misuse, overuse, and abuse of the internet • Online and data security • New socialization behavior and relationship among young learners • Risk of ICT in Education – Content, technological, commercial, etc.

IT revolution has created the digital ecosystem, another tangible REAL world, “the digital world�

We need to explore possible boundaries in the digital world between commerce, governance, education, and the human interaction.

The inconvenient truth‌

Environmental Crisis in the Digital World

Digital Information “Pollution� in the Digital World,

Infollution = Information Pollution The negative side effects of the informatization affecting human nature & society structure Information overload Digital divide

Cyber violence Multiple Identities

Neglected infollution

Open access to obscene materials

Internet addiction

Informatization

Piracy

Hacking

Virus

Handled by commercial business

The key aspect that infollution and pollution share is that they were created unintentionally from excessive, uncontrolled use of resources.

infollution = information pollution Cyber violence

Addiction to Addiction to violent video games

Cyber violence Open access to obscene materials

Piracy

IT Revolution

violent internet games Information overload

Hacking

Open access to obscene materials

Virus

Children start using the internet and video games from

years old Source: http://www.etimes.net/

100% Use Swear words in their everyday language Source: http://www.etimes.net/

90% First exposed to obscene materials before the age of 12 Source: http://www.etimes.net/

60% Cyber-bullied others on the internet Source: http://www.etimes.net/

50% Have played violent online games rated R Source: http://www.etimes.net/

40% Habitually post malicious comments Source: http://www.etimes.net/

30% Sexual crime offenders under 19

Source: http://www.ohmynews.com/

25% Juvenile sexual crime offenders who imitated online porn Source: http://www.etimes.net/

20% Have spread false information or obscene material Source: http://www.etimes.net/

15% Addicted to the internet or online games Source: http://www.etimes.net/

Example: Infolluted Digital World ďƒź Violence in Internet Games

More than 1,000,000 elementary school students (30%) play violent adult online games

Example: Infolluted Digital World ďƒź Cyber-Bullying

More than 900 cyber-bullying sites exist. 1 child tries to commit suicide due to cyber-bullying every 3 days.

Example: Infolluted Digital World ďƒź Overflow of obscene materials on the internet 96% of children see obscene materials before reaching the age of 13.

Sexual crimes against children have increased 5 times in the last 5 years.

If you are 10 years old‌

Example from a major website

[Cartoon} Male size that fascinates a sexy girl?

[Special 19] Adult information  Types of Orgasm??  Size attracting sex?  [Cartoon] 3 minutes! Tragedy  Time needed to exhaust a woman

Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development • Excessive computer game playing may resemble substance abuse or addiction in that it may be a strategy that children use to cope with negative emotions like frustration, fear, and stress (American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36 (5) pg 1-9, 2010)

Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development • Playing a violent video game produces short-term changes to in brain activity, such as an impaired role of DLPFC. An inhibited DLPFC may yield impaired emotional functioning. This suggests that teens may tend towards more aggressive behavior immediately following exposure to violent video games (Media Psychology 13 (2) pg 136-154, 2010)

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) , Source: Center on Media and Health, Harvard University

Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development

Internet addiction makes your brain’s neurological mechanism function at levels similar to drug addiction (cocaine users)

Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Brain development

Internet addiction also impairs your brain to lose control of properly responding to different stimulus (emotional impairment)

Infollution Contaminates Children’s Health and Development Violence • Fear and anxiety - many children become scared or nervous by what they see in the media • Desensitization - the more a person sees violence, the less they are shocked by it over time

• Aggression - children learn that violence is a good way to solve conflicts, the more violent TV people watched when they were 8 years old, the more likely they were to commit a violent crime when they were 30 years old.

(Developmental Psychology, 2003)

Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008

Outcome 게임중독 Career change

개읶비용

Game expense

Medical cost Behavior change

Family demise

Indicator (Proxies) Loss of income

Calculation / Assumption (평균소득 – 게임중독자평균소득) * 게임중독자수 (가정: 중독률 15%, 생산성하락 10%) Loss of income due 평균소득 * (평균수명 – 게임중독자평균수명) to death Loss of income due (평균소득 – 게임중독으로읶핚 장애읶평균소득) to disability * 게임중독으로읶핚 장애읶수 Excess PC Bang (게임중독자평균PC방사용시간 – cost 평균PC방사용시간) * 게임중독자수 Game and item (게임중독자평균 게임/아이템비용 – purchase 평균 게임/아이템비용) * 게임중독자수 Hospital visit 평균의료비 * 평균진료회수 (게임중독자) Family 평균상담비 * 평균상담회수 * 상담받은관련자수 (게임중독자, 부모, 가족등등) School 평균학생추가상담비 * 게임중독으로 읶핚 평균추가상담회수 가정파탄비용 이혼비용, 가정붕괴비용 (이혼, (위상담비용과 비중복) 가정붕괴등등)

Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008

Outcome

게임중독 Crime 사회비용 increase National welfare loss Loss of GDP & Productivity

Indicator (Proxies)

Calculation / Assumption

Cost of additional crime

게임중독으로읶핚 평균범죄률증가 * 평균범죄당비용

Cost due to investments in game addiction Loss of GDP

상담소, 센터 등등에 대핚 투자

Loss of productivity (Information overload, 근무태만)

평균작업능률저하비용, 게임중독으로 읶핚 평균업무방해시간 * 시간당 평균소득

평균소득 – 게임중독자평균소득

Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008

Outcome

개읶과 사회의 편익

Game company GDP 고용효과 경제적효과

Indicator (Proxies) Revenues from game industry

Calculation / Assumption

Additional employment due to game industry Brand name, 기술발젂 국가위상향상 등등 Promotion/Adve rtisement/Other Externalities

게임산업추가고용수 * 평균게임산업임금 * 중독성게임비율

게임산업 총매출액

게임산업평균 무형자산 * 중독성게임비율, 게임수출 * 중독성게임비율 광고로읶핚매출액 * 중독성게임비율, 기타경제효과는 경제유발계수 1.3로 가정

Costs/Benefits Analysis of the Online Gaming Industry 2008

게임몰과입 으로 읶핚 경제적 비용편익 분석

비용구분 개읶비용

사회비용

Estimation (천원) 857,075,109 2,996,062,424

개읶과 사회의 비용

3,853,137,533

개읶과 사회의 편익

4,740,716,000

Current/Future Research: Costs/Benefits Analysis For More Industries: • Internet-based Industries • Internet Portals (Google, Yahoo, etc.)

• Internet Advertisements • Cyber-violence

Current/Future Research: Infollution Index: • Magnitude of Infollution • Cost related to one unit of infollution index 읶덱스 단위 하나당 사회적 비용 환산 • International comparison • Recommendation

“Do you like openly accessible obscene or violent materials from major sites to be removed?”

Yes

91% Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011

“How do you react when you come across obscene materials on major sites?”

Bothered, but cannot do anything about it OR Accustomed to it

72% Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011

Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011

Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011

Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011

Source: infollutionZERO online survey, “ Obscenity on internet online news “ conducted in May 9~May 24, 2011

What Have We Done So Far?

International Efforts (I) U.S.: Communication Decency Act (CDA I) Child Online Protection Act (CDA II) (Both CDA I and CDA II were ruled unconstitutional) Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 (Revised to become the Protect Act of 2003) Germany: Child Protection Law (2002) (Online games, internet violence, cigarette/alcohol)

International Efforts (II) EU: Safer Internet Action Plan (1999-2002) Safer Internet Action Plan Extension (2002-2004) Safer Internet Plus (2005-2008) Safer Internet Programme (2009-2013) Japan: Child Online Restriction Act (2008) Spam Mail Act (2008)

International Efforts (III) Thailand: Online Game Shutdown (2003) (10PM-6AM to Children Under 18)

China: Online Game Fatigue System (2007) Internet Facilities (Parlors) Restriction (2001) Online Game Rating and Personal Registration (2009)

International Efforts (IV) Korea: Cyber Insult Restriction Law (2009) Personal Identification Law (2007) Online Game Rating System (2006) Online Game Shutdown (2008) (12AM-6AM)

What Else Can We Do?

Need To Be Involved to Change the Digital Environment •

Current legislation is not enough

•

Need to build public consensus

•

Build a clean digital environment

“We don’t have to go back two centuries to see regulations we take for granted…. When environmental regulations (e.g.,

regulations on car and factory emissions) appeared a few decades ago, they were opposed by many as serious infringements on our freedom to choose….. Today, most

people accept these regulations as “natural.” They believe that actions that harm others, however unintentionally (such as pollution), need to be restricted..”

“23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism”

by Chang H.J.

infollution ZERO (iZ) Movement in Korea In Collaboration With: City of Seoul National Information Society Agency (KIA) Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) Korea Communications Commission (KCC) Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (MOGET) Gwacheon National Science Museum Naver Korea Education & Research Information Service

Main Activities of infollution ZERO (iZ) Movements 1. Awareness: Green Digital Culture (iClean) 2. Education: Green Digital Kids Program, Fight Digital Divide 3. Research: Infollution Index, Open International Forum

2011 “Green Digital Initiatives” of Do iZ

Awareness

Education

Online

Research

Global initiative

1 D-Festival

2 Experimental Exhibition

3 iZ Children’s

4 World wide research

Portal web-side

5 I Clean off-line campaign

6 Cyber education to 7 Do iZ on-line digital divided

9 Media PR

children

campaign

8 iZ forum / symposium / Game Jam, etc.

Do iZ : iClean Campaign www.xxx.com

1. Index 2. De-prioritize 3. Legislate

Do iZ : iClean Campaign

infollution ZERO (iZ) Green Digital Kids Program

Interactive Hands-on Education iZ Hero Adventure Learn 7 habits to become an iZ hero and save the infolluted digital world!  National Science Museum, Korea 2011.7.31-8.31  Children learn about digital environmental issues and media literacy through interactive digital games and hands-on exhibits.

“iZ Hero Adventure” will be developed into digital content such as animation, mobile apps, online games, and children’s books

Campaign: 3.2.1. with me and my mom

Promise between Mom and Children  Playing games under 3 days per week  Using digital media (internet, TV, etc) under

2 hours per day  Playing video games under 1 hors per day

2012, International Forum in Korea

2011 SBS Seoul Digital Forum infollutionZERO: Building a Green Digital World

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= SB5XxTVCzUY&feature=related

President M.B. Lee Also Supports iZ Movement for Green Digital World

iZ Movement Participants (I)

Larry King - Hosted CNN’s longest running TV show Larry King Live for over 25 years, connecting global leaders from politics, industry, entertainment, and academia.

- Over 50 years in broadcasting as a host of TV and radio talk shows.

- Literally the “King” of the interview, an Ultimate Connector

Gloria Steinem - Has dedicated her life to better connecting society as a pioneer of the gender equality movement - Creator of the indispensable term “Ms.” - Chosen as the top 25 most influential women in the 20th century by the Time magazine.

iZ Movement Participants (II)

Nicholas Carr - Leading IT Futurist, dubbed a father of the Internet - Bestselling author of The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains - His provocative article, Is Google Making Us Stupid? (2008), has been widely read and discussed, alarming negative effects of cutting edge IT technologies on our knowledge and culture.

Naveen Selvadurai Co-founder, Foursquare

Patrick Cronin Senior Advisor & Senior director, Center for New American Security

iZ Movement Participants (III)

Marcel Rosenbach

Eric Whitacre

Reporter, Der Spiegel, Co-Author , Staatsfeind WikiLeaks

Composer and Conductor

Yongkyung Lee Member of the National Assembly, Former CEO of KT

Peter Hayes Co-founder & Executive Director The Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability

Thank you