ISSUE #1 - JUNE 2018
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO
Sean Yu
PORTFOLIO Architectural Design Studio 2 (Construction)
ARC20001 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO 2
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO Construction Edition: #1
CONTENT Sean Yu INFO iamseanyu@hotmail.com Instructor: Canhui Chen --
I believe people in the planet born with duties and missions. I choose architecture as my job it’s not just for earn my life but i feel i am actually “making some thing”. I found myself in many way by doing design. Try to listen what people want and understand what people need, try to observe what the issue is and think above what the possibilities are, try to imagine what can perception and what can experience. Learn and explore, never stop.
“Curiosity driven design” 2
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CONTENT
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Contents
CONTENT A. AMDC Installation
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B. Precedent Study
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C. KOI Pavilion + Prototype(I)
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Iteration 6 Pattern and Variations 8 Rendering 10
DAL canopy Deep surface prototype Nunich olympic stadium Common membrane material Ultimate tensile strength Tension & Minimal surface Developable surface
Overall form concept Tensile prototype Digital fabrication Tesselation prototype
D. KOI Pavilion (II) Design Development Site analysis Solar study Site contexts Overall form development
E. KOI Pavilion (II) Tessellation Iteration - Water drop Iteration - Paper breeze iteration - Whirlpool
F. KOI Pavilion (II) Prototype Construction prototype Construction Tesselation
G. Reference
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AMDC Installation
KOI Pavilion (I)
KOI Pavilion (II)
Vitality and flexibility like fish, KOI pavilion express the characteristics of tensile structure . It was an initial design and exploration stage of structure and tessellation.
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Project in atrium of AMDC building, level between L7-L6, inspired from Deep surface installation. Tetrahedron shape with hollowed center as modules. Modules intersected each other corners and overlay with other module pattern.
With precedent studies and previous experiment, Koi is ready to go further. The KOI II has simplified structure members, overlay-ed with different architectural tectonics also consider with site and surrounding contexts. All we tried is to bring the best result to reality.
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Iteration - Water drop
Iteration - Paper breeze
Iteration - Whirlpool
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Inspired by natural environment. Selecting the compatible materials with matching textures and colors, aim to bring the scene of natural to building.
I have notice the critical problem of tensile structure is wind-load in precedent study. Try to transfer and resolve issues with architectural feature. By using flexible material to reinforce structure and allow movement of tessellations driven by wind.
Most of tessellation will be attached on top or on the button. Explore the possibility of tessellation and think with different dimension instead of x ,y plate. Inspired by Frank Gehry’s aluminum facade and try to minimize the difficulty of construction.
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AMDC INSTALLATION
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The architect represents neither a Dionysian nor an Apollinian condition: here it is the mighty act of will, the will which moves mountains, the intoxication of the strong will, which demands artistic expression.
Friedrich Nietzsche
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ITERATION
#1 To create module component to archive variation, thinking from most basic shape to start with. Don’t have any surface will simpler than triangle, and pyramid can be construct by 4 triangles. All the objects has minimum number of point, edge and surface.
#2 Try to combine minimal surface to pyramid, see what minimal surface + minimum value can be create.
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#3 After the module been trimmed, a frame of pyramid comes up. Or you can said as an tunnel connecting 4 surfaces.
#4 As a completely symmetrical module, after same amount of tension form 4 corners still remained the original simple and natural characteristic. Try to avoid symmetrical as overall form and also can be an attraction of changing perception.
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PATTERN
PATTERN - 1
PATTERN - 2
#1 To create module component to archive variation, thinking from most basic shape to start with. Don’t have any surface will simpler than triangle, and pyramid can be construct by 4 triangles. All the objects has minimum number of point, edge and surface.
#2 Try to combine minimal surface to pyramid, see what minimal surface + minimum value can be create.
PATTERN - 3 8
ANCHOR
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PLAN
NE
SE
NW
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SW
ARC20001 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO 2
AMDC Installation Project in atrium of AMDC building, level between L7-L6, inspired from Deep surface installation. Tetrahedron shape with hollowed center as modules. Modules intersected each other corners and overlay with other module pattern.
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B.
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PRECEDENT STUDY
DAL CANOPY DESIGN
DEEP SURFACE
DIGITAL ARCHITECTURAL LAB
Location
Type of Functionality
Changsha, Hunan, China
Structure
Project Year
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UNIVERSITY O
Pavilion steel frame + tension
2011
Location:
Type of Functionality
Structure
Project Year
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FROM 20TH TO 21ST CENTURY FROM STUDIO ART WORK TO LARGE SCALE PUBLIC FACILITY
E PROTOTYPE
MUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM
OF STUTTGART
FREI OTTO
University of Stuttgart, Germany
Location
Installation
Type of Functionality
tension
Structure
2013
Project Year
Munich, Germany.
Stadium
tensile
1972
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DAL CANOPY DESIGN DIGITAL ARCHITECTURAL LAB (5)
01 FABRICATION Within the dynamic form, curvature varies across the surface. Such a curvature variation provides a basic input for the propagated component to create differentiated openings. Several steps of optimization have been taken to subdivide the surface: by looking for a balanced point between the most dynamic grid which result in drastic variation in the shape/size of grid cells and the most identical grid cells’ shape that breaks the grid continuity at some high curvature areas. An orthogonal surface grid is chosen to generate a hexagonal array of panels. Extensive panels are automatically eliminated when they fall out of the surface domain.
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02 CONSTRUCTION Panels are doubly curved in most area of the surface, and in between panels lack any openings. Considering the available panel fabrication technique and material being laser-cut plywood, it’s essential to ensure that all panels are flat. After the propagation stategy, all hexagonal panels are flattened by projection in a manner to keep 3 points constraint to their original location and projecting the other 3 to a flat plane. This provides a method to constrain the hexagonal panels at 3 of its vertices, while freeing up the other 3 to produce openings where the surface curvature becomes radical. A second stream of triangular holes on the panels are deployed where the panels are very large.
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03 MATERIALS A steel cable mesh is designed as an immediate support structure between the primary frame and the hexagonal panels. A customized joint is designed to fix the panels on the cable meshes, while it also gives enough flexibility between panels to absorb the construction tolerance and natural deformation due to gravity. The joint is made from using cable clamps, bolts and custom fabricated like 9mm MDF spacers and 0.4mm steel plates. The slots cut out from the plywood panels align perpendicularly to the slot on the stainless steel plate. When combined with the flexibility of the panel itself, they provide a joint that is flexible and manipulatable in 3 axes.
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DEEP SURFACE PROTOTYPE UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART (6)
This installation using 3 dimensional components constructed by purely tension structure. 3 dimensional hyper toroidal cell provide variation and flexibility in X,Y,Z axis. Each cells tensioned by anchor points or adjacent members as a continues tension structure. The stress and tension of surface (mesh) material also appearance complexity of project on material selection point of view, all material informations needs to simulated base on particles and springs. 18
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Tension is constructed between cell elements, but also fixed-node cable mesh network involved structure. Using force simulating software to determinate material, form and each surface length. And be able to provide accuracy documentation for construction to minimize tolerance. 19
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01 FABRICATION The Hyper-Torodial Deep Surface Prototype shows the investigation of computer generated design. It illustrates cell-based membranes morphologies created as purely tensioned structure with the distributed anchorage points and interconnected elements. As tension has a continuous flow through the structure of multiple surfaces and cylindrical geometries made through cables and mesh materials.
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02 03
CONSTRUCTION Use of anchorage points and mesh within different locations it creates a baseline and boundary for which the surface is
MATERIALS
constrained within. As the tension and anchorage points dictate and warp the
Provided the computer generated
surface to show some basic behaviours
design, the use of algorithms has
of meshes and tensioned surfaces.
been incorporated in the template to ensure that the structure is able to be
The origin of this structure’s design and orientation is processed by a
constructed physically in a practical
simulation engine highly based on
manner within specifications for the
particles and springs. Based highly
acquired material performances and limitations.
through the evolution of both physical and computational studies with a basic
The final structure boasts surfaces and
central origin. The inclusion of cable
geometry that are manufactured on a
loading points within the geometries
large scale plotter providing an easy
provides more centered locations it backs
process creating the essential surface.
further tension and allows the creation of more extreme components.
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MUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM ISSUE #1 / JUNE 2018
FREI OTTO(7) `(1925-2015)
OLYMPIC STADIUM 1972 TENSILE STRUCTURES MUNICH GERMANY The canopy in Munich Olympic stadium design by Frei Otto, constructed with tensile system roof with steel cable and acrylic tesselation panel. Mesh tensioned structure have ability of cover large spans and malleability. Also on the other hand can be create variation with tessellating different materials and shape of tesselation. Tensile structures are very flexible in comparison to conventional structures.
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Using simulating software can be easy to generating tensile model in Rhino and Grasshopper. Which a platform able to provide physically realistic 3d model to explore the variation and limitation.
ARC20001 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO 2
01 FABRICATION The roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich was developed based on the use of computerized mathematical procedures in determining the form and behaviour of the structure, resulting in an architectural form of “minimal surfaces�. The metal frame created numerous minimal surfaces also provided minimal weight. The surface tension of these forms are completely balanced, providing a very stable construction. The cover membrane is suspended by a multitude of vertical masts enabling sharp bends winding surface draping dynamically changing flow through the space possessing scale and sectional characteristics.
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02
03
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
The metal frame created numerous
Large pipes and steel cables have been
minimal surfaces and also provided
incorporated into the construction as an
minimal weight. The surface tension of
immediate support to the canopy. These
these forms are completely balanced,
cables range from 65 to 400 meters long.
providing a very stable construction. The cover membrane is suspended by a multitude of vertical masts enabling sharp bends winding surface draping dynamically changing flow through the space possessing scale and sectional characteristics. Because of the precision in calculations of the structural system and the membrane, these structural components were manufactured offsite. This level of high precision allows the easy assembly for one of the most innovative and complex structural systems that have been worked only with the premise of stress.
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The enclosure of the structure consists of a sheet of of PVC-coated polyester, 2.9 x 29m and 4mm thick. To avoid deformations due to temperature, valves rest on neoprene. Structural members such as straps, parallel cords, knots, cast steel clamps, masts steel tubes, and acrylic (Plexiglas) have all been utilized for the construction.
ARC20001 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO 2
Membranes work together with cables, columns and other construction members to find a form also can use as non-structural cladding. As like human skin, membrane material can provide as sun shading, weathering and thermal layer
Fluoroplastic Comparison?(4) 26
Property
PTFE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
2.15
TENSILE STRENGTH
3,000-5,000 PSI
ELONGATION
300-500%
FLEXURAL ENDURANCE
72,000 PSI
FOLDING ENDURANCE
>10 �6
IMPACT STRENGTH
189 J/M
HARDNESS
50-56 HB
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COMMON MEMBRANE MATERIALS -PVC (Vinyl Coated Polyester)
Low cost and low life expectancy
More for temporary structures
Cost efficiency
-PTFE fiberglass (Polytetrafluoroethylene) ETFE
PFA
1.76
2.15
5,800-6,700 PSI
3,600 PSI = 253kg/sqm
150-300%
300%
170,000 PSI
85,000 PSI
10-27 X 10 �3
High life expectancy (Recyclable and nonstick)
Incombustible (high melting temperature)
Mexico City’s International Airport
UV radiation, wear, weather condition resistance Long spans and not creep over time
-ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene)
High life expectancy (Recyclable and nonstick)
5-80 X 10 �3
High strength in wide temperature range
No Break
No Break
As thermoplastic liner
62 HB
56 HB
UV radiation and corrosion resistance
Beijing aquatics stadium 27
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SHABOLOVKA TOWNER, MOSCOW, 1922 VLADIMIR SHUKHOV 28
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ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH In tensile structures, structural members, such as ropes, strand rods or other member types are main load bearing elements, they can be part of structural system or primary support for surface or linear members. (1) As before start to modeling and prototype model, is necessary to get understand different type of cable and comparison their physical properties.
E(GPa)
UTS (MPa)
gigapascals
megapascals
Strain at 50% of UTS
SOLID STEEL BAR
210
400-800
0.24%
STEEL STRAND
170
1500-1770
1%
WIRE ROPE
112
1550-1770
1.5%
POLYESTER FIBRE
7.5
910
6%
ARAMID FIBRE
112
2800
2.5%
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Tension structures form-active shapes are not know in advance, they require a form-finding process. In this part will generalize some minimal surface structure .
TENSION & MINIMAL SURFACE Three fundamental tensile forms develop from triangle surface. (2)
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Variation of Tensile Surface
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DEVELOPABLE SURFACE DEFINITION: Forms are called ‘developable’ or ‘single curved’ when they can be created through ordinary bending of a planar surface without distortion of the material. These surfaces are characterized by only bending in one direction at a time, like a cylinder or cone. Developable surfaces are used for the construction of ships, tent sewing, fabrication of ventilation ducts, buildings, and all kinds of architectural structures.
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TYPES: Cylindrically Developable Conically Developable Poly-conically Developable Super-poly-conically Developable
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C.
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KOI PROTOTYPE
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KOI Pavilion (I)
Vitality and flexibility like fish, KOI pavilion express the characteristics of tensile structure . It was an initial design and exploration stage of structure and tessellation.
OVERALL FORM CONCEPT 36
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TENSILE PROTOTYPE
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MEMBRANE TESTING
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MEMBRANE Membrane structures are spatial structures made out of tensioned membranes. The structural use of membranes can be divided into pneumatic structures, tensile membrane structures, and cable domes. In these three kinds of structure, membranes work together with cables, columns and other construction members to find a form.(9)
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DIGITAL MODELING Digital modeling and fabrication is a design and production process that combines 3D modeling or computing-aided design (CAD) with additive and subtractive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is also known as 3D printing, while subtractive manufacturing may also be referred to as machining,(7) and many other technologies can be exploited to physically produce the designed objects.(8)
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CONSTRUCTING AND TESTING THE PROTOTYPE PROVIDED ABILITY TO ANALYSIS AN ACCURATE PHYSICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE DIGITAL GEOMETRY.
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PROTOTYPE
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FABRICATION
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TESSELLATION IN ORDER TO PUSH THE GEOMETRY EVEN FURTHER, THE APPLICATION OF TIMBER PANELS HAS BEEN INCORPORATED INTO THE 3RD PROTOTYPE AND EVENTUALLY, INTO THE FINAL DESIGN.
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D.
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KOI PAVILION DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
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Pedestrian Footpath
Bike&Motocyle Path
Vehicle Driveway (one way)
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Typica S
M
Residential Commercial
e Sit t c bje u S
Car Parking Public Transport - Train Alamein to Belgrave to Lilydale to
City City City
Public Transport - Tram (16) Kew to Melbourne University via St Kilda beach
49 Fast
al tra c
M
SITE ANALYSIS
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T
W
T
F
S
Slow
Imagery ©2018 Google, Map data ©2018 Google
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ARC20001 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO 2
SOLAR STUDY * Daylight saving time
Sun Shadow Diagram - Autumn Equinox 9:00 A.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Autumn Equinox 12:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Autumn Equinox 3:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Autumn Equinox 6:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Summer Solstice 9:00 A.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Summer Solstice 12:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Summer Solstice 3:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Summer Solstice 6:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Winter Solstice 9:00 A.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Winter Solstice 12:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Winter Solstice 3:00 P.M
Sun Shadow Diagram - Winter Solstice 6:00 P.M
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Swinburne University of Technology
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Se le
ct e
dA re
a
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Site Selection
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5M Height Approx.
15M Height Approx.
5M Height Approx.
20M Height Approx.
Canopy outline
Site boundary
SITE CONTEXTS
Opening for tree
Opening for tree
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Isometric View
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
Tension Simulation
Pul
Curving Voronoi Top Plate
Gravity S 54
Plan View lling Curve
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FORM DEVELOPMENT Pulling Curve
Re - Simulation (Final)
North Elev.
East Elev.
South Elev.
Plan View Simulation 55
West Elev.
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OVERALL FORM
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E.
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KOI PAVILION TESSELLATION
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ITERATION #1
WATER DROP
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The longer I live, the more beautiful life becomes. If you foolishly ignore beauty, you will soon find yourself without it. Your life will be impoverished. But if you invest in beauty, it will remain with you all the days of your life.
Frank Lloyd Wright
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ITERATION #1
WATER DROP
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ITERATION #2
PAPER BREEZE
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Designers think everything done by someone else is awful, and that they could do it better themselves, which explains why I designed my own living room carpet, I suppose.
Chris Bangle
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ITERATION #2
PAPER BREEZE
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ITERATION #3
WHRILPOOL
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A great building must begin with the immeasurable, must go through measurable means when it is being designed, and in the end must be unmeasured.
Louis Kahn
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ITERATION #3
WHRILPOOL
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F.
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KOI PAVILION PROTOTYPE
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PROTOTYPE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS PRODUCT NAME
PRODUCT NAME
Steel Winch Cable
Eyelet Crimp Ring
Made of: Stainless Steel
Made of: Contact Material: Copper Contact Patin: Tin
Size: Size:
2mm DIA
M3.5 Stud Size,
Color:
Color:
Metal
Metal
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MATERIALS PRODUCT NAME
PRODUCT NAME
Hex Head Bolts
Self-sealing Nuts
Made of: 4.6 Grade Steel
Made of: 4.6 Grade Steel Rubber Seals
Size:
Size:
M3.5 Stud
M3.5
Color:
Color:
Grey
Grey
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TESSELLATION CONSTRUCTION
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1:5 SCALE PROTOTYPE
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REFERENCE
1. Wolfgang Schueller 2016 The cable in building structures. < https://www.slideshare.net/WolfgangSchueller/the-cable-in-building-structures> 2. Form and function: The significance of material properties in the design of tensile fabric structures - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/Manipulation-of-boundary-conditions-within-a-square-plan-and-subsequent-form-finding_fig3_256968643 [accessed 14 Apr, 2018] 3 Tensile Architecture <https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tensile-architecture> [accessed 12 Apr, 2018] 4. Fluoroplastic Comparison - Typical Properties <https://www.chemours.com/Teflon_Industrial/ en_US/tech_info/techinfo_compare.html> [accessed 13 Apr, 2018] 5. DAL Canopy Design / Digital Architectural Lab < https://www.archdaily.com/165298/dal-canopy-design-digital-architectural-lab> [accessed 13 Apr, 2018] 6. Deep Surface Prototype: Project 1, Boyan Mihaylov, Viktoriya Nicolova, Prof. A. Menges, S. Ahlquist< http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=6404> [accessed 12 Apr, 2018]
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7. “What is digital modeling and fabrication? - Definition from WhatIs.com”. SearchManufacturingERP. Retrieved 2016-02-17. 8. Bickel, B.; Cignoni, P.; Malomo, L.; Pietroni, N. (2018). “State of the Art on Stylized Fabrication” (PDF). Computer Graphics Forum. doi:10.1111/cgf.13327. < http://vcg.isti.cnr.it/Publications/2018/BCMP18/StylizedFabricationSTAR_Personal.pdf> 9 Membrane structures <https://www.taiyo-europe.com/>[accessed 18 Jun, 2018]
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ADDRESS 5 Rowan Pl Bayswater VIC 3134 ONLINE IAMSEANYU@HOTMAIL.COM CALL 0452223694
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One of the great beauties of architecture is that each time, it is like life starting all over again.
Renzo Piano
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