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것 같다

말고

• 말고 is written between two nouns and indicates that the former noun is denied in favor of the latter noun.

• In English, the phrase Noun A 말고 Noun B means any of the following: not A but B; except for A; or B instead of A.

Examples:

A. 녹차 말고 홍차를 주세요. (Please give me black tea instead of green tea.)

B. 오늘은 마이클 씨 말고 로라 씨를 만날 거예요. (Today, I am going to meet Laura, not Michael.)

-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다

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• -(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다 is attached after a verb or adjective and indicates a guess or an uncertain judgment.

• In English, it corresponds to LOOKS/SOUNDS LIKE, APPEARS THAT, SEEMS LIKE, or more commonly, I THINK.

• In almost all cases, using -(으)ㄴ 것 같다 indicates past tense for verbs (-은 것 같다 for verbs with final consonants and ㄴ 것 같다 for verbs without final consonant). Meanwhile, -는 것 같다 indicates present tense for verbs and -(으)ㄴ 것 같다 for adjectives (-은 것 같다 for adjectives with final consonants and ㄴ것 같다 for adjectives without final consonant). They all weigh the same on the certainty scale though.

바지가 좀 짧은 것 같아요. (I think the pants is a little short.)

추운 것 같아요 두꺼운 옷을 입고 나오세요. (It seems cold. Come out wearing thick clothes.)

제 친구는 한국 노래를 좋아하는 것 같아요. (I think my friend likes Korean songs.)

저 사람은 학교에 가는 것 같아요. (I think he’s going to school.)

아침에 비가 온 것 같아요 (I think it rained in the morning.) watch this!

방문

수 있다/없다

• -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 is attached to verbs, and expresses whether one can or can’t do something.

• -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 means one can do the action or when something is possible, while -(으)ㄹ 수 없다 means one cannot do the action or something is impossible

• In English, it translates to CAN/CAN’T.

• 을 수 있다/없다 is attached to verbs with final consonants (batchim) while ㄹ 수 있다/없다 is attached to verbs without final consonants.

노을을 볼 수 있어요 (I can see the sunset.)

배가 아파서 먹을 수 없어요 (I can’t eat because my stomach hurts.)

• -(으)ㄴ is attached to verbs to modify the nouns that follow after. Further, when used in a sentence, it means that the action happened in the past.

• 은 is attached to verbs with final consonants (batchim) while ㄴ is attached to verbs without final consonants.

어제 한국에서 온 친구 를 만났어요.

(Yesterday, I met my friend who came from Korea.)

Learn more!

.작년에 읽은 책을 다시 읽고 있어요. (I’m rereading the book I read last year.)

You may have remembered the same grammar particle from Sejong Korean 2 which is used to modify nouns, too.

However, take note that in Sejong Korean 2, this grammar particle is attached to ADJECTIVES without consideration of the time marker as in: 투이 씨는 머리가 짧은 여자예요 (Tui is the short-haired girl) and 어제 키가 큰 남자를 만났어요 (I met a tall boy yesterday).

Notice that the first sentence is in present form while the second sentence is the past. In both sentences, however, -(으)ㄴ is attached to the adjectives short and tall to modify the nouns girl and boy respectively without consideration of the tense at all.