Fluid Power Journal May 2021 by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc.

MAY 2021

www.fluidpowerjournal.com

MODULARITY

HOOKS SCANDINAVIAN FISHING TRAWLERS

THE PUMP'S THE THING

THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE ISSUE

Reliable valves keep offshore remotely operated vehicles running p.26

P.10

Unmasking Phantom Particles P.14

Innovative Designs & Publishing • 3245 Freemansburg Avenue • Palmer, PA 18045-7118

Get Your Marine Certification

Nonprofit Organization US Postage PAID Bolingbrook, IL Permit #323

WE’VE BEEN SOLVING INDUSTRY’S TOUGHEST LUBRICATION PROBLEMS FOR OVER 150 YEARS...

David Roberts

Lubriplate District Manager TN, AL, GA & Northern FL

WHAT CAN WE

DO FOR YOU? WE ARE HERE TO HELP Lubriplate has been helping industry meet its lubrication needs for more than 150 years. In that time, we have learned what works and what doesn’t. Put our experience and knowledge to work for you.

WE HAVE THE PRODUCTS Lubriplate offers a full range of ultra high-performance synthetic and petroleumbased lubricants that have been engineered from the ground up to provide a number of cost saving benefits including; extended lubrication intervals, reduced friction, multiple application capability and lubricant inventory consolidation.

WE HAVE THE SERVICES Lubriplate offers its Complimentary ESP Extra Services Package to all of its customers at no additional charge. Services include; Complete Plant Surveys to help determine your exact lubrication needs, Color Coded Lube Charts and Machinery Tags which simplify maintenance procedures, Lubrication Training Programs and Follow-Up Oil Analysis.

Call 800-733-4755 to get started. INCLUDED AT NO ADDITIONAL CHARGE

Lubriplate’s

ESP

Complimentary Extra Services Package

Newark, NJ 07105 / Toledo, OH 43605 / 800-733-4755 To learn more visit us at: www.lubriplate.com

COLOR CODED LUBE CHARTS & MACHINERY TAGS PLANT SURVEYS / TECH SUPPORT / TRAINING LUBRICATION SOFTWARE / FOLLOW-UP OIL ANALYSIS

Welded Cylinders

Mill Duty Cylinders

Tie Rod Cylinders Top Quality 24/7 Operation Customizable Repair on all makes & models Large & Small Bore Cylinders Ability to crossover competitors cylinders to make new

IN THIS ISSUE

MAY 2021

VOLUME 28 • ISSUE 5

Features 8

Navigating the Rough Seas of Marine Certification Approvals for offshore hydraulic equipment can take an ocean of red tape.

10 For Marine and Offshore Bolting: The Pump’s the Thing There’s a lot to consider when working with torque wrenches and bolt tensioners. 14 Trick of the Light: Unmasking Phantom Particles Getting an accurate picture of clean fluid.

16 Test Your Skills Types and Applications of Compressors 24 Modularity Hooks Scandinavian Fishing Trawlers Against a tide of shrinking fleets, efficiency lures shipbuilders to reliable products. 26

Cover Story ROVs: The Workhorse of Subsea Hydraulic Systems How reliable valves keep offshore remotely operated vehicles running.

26 Publisher’s Note: The information provided in this publication is for informational purposes only. While all efforts have been taken to ensure the technical accuracy of the material enclosed, Fluid Power Journal is not responsible for the availability, accuracy, currency, or reliability of any information, statement, opinion, or advice contained in a third party’s material. Fluid Power Journal will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by reliance on information obtained in this publication.

CELEBRATING 60 YEARS

Departments 4 6 12 19 28 31 31

Notable Words Figure It Out Web Marketplace IFPS Update Product Spotlight Product Review Classifieds

LEAD TIMES OF HOURS INSTEAD OF DAYS OR WEEKS. When you need to get a machine back up and going yesterday, we’re here for you with our Hydraulex Reman™ line. Remanufactured pumps, motors and valves engineered to deliver OEM level performance and that carry an industrybest 24-month warranty. With our unmatched on-the-shelf inventory of units and parts, and our ability to convert or build units in hours instead of days or weeks, we’re sure to have the unit or part you need right now. Speed and availability redefined. Put a Hydraulex Reman™ unit to work for you.

1-800-422-4279 sales@hydraulex.com www.hydraulex.com

N OTA B L E WO R D S

Take Advantage of the Unsettling Forces Confronting You By Buckley Brinkman, Executive Director/CEO, Wisconsin Center for Manufacturing and Productivity

THE PANDEMIC, an uneven economic recovery, new technology, social unrest, and other forces are changing the landscape we face and make for a potentially calamitous situation. These dislocations create unprecedented uncertainty for most manufacturers. Risk and change always create opportunity. Here are five forces manufacturers face and four actions to help take advantage of the opportunities emerging in 2021. Five forces Force #1: Cybersecurity is the lowest-risk crime in the world with the largest pool of potential victims. Modern cyber criminals attack organizations around the world with little fear of prosecution. The criminals want money and will destroy a company to get it. Statistics show over 40% of companies are no longer in business two years after an attack. Most manufacturers don’t take straightforward steps to mitigate most exposures. Reacting after an attack can kill a business! Force #2: No U.S. workforce growth for the next two decades. More people are aging out of the workforce than into it. The trends paint a dismal picture as fertility rates fall. Reliable spot labor markets are gone for the foreseeable future. Manufacturing talent is getting scarcer. Successful companies revamp their operations and talent strategies to match these new realities. Force #3: Overloading our ability to act effectively. Change accelerates faster than anyone can understand. We experience it every day as marketers bombard us with new products. Many of these shiny objects promise instant success or the ultimate solution to intractable problems. Innovations, information flows, and broadening horizons make it difficult to engage the future and chart a steady course. Force #4: Social activism over the past year changed employees. Protests last summer and the reactions to them unleashed a new source of energy. It changed the way young, talented people measure their employers. A recent McKinsey study showed that 39% of respondents refused to pursue 4

MAY 2021

or accept a position at a company they viewed as not inclusive. The pandemic also raised concerns about working environments, employee well-being, and companies’ focus on a purpose higher than profit. This instability creates new challenges and opportunities in the markets and inside a firm. Force #5: Transforming the speed of business. Free-flowing information drives faster and more ubiquitous change. It’s nearly impossible to operate with any degree of confidentiality, making it difficult to maintain lasting competitive advantages or disguise business weaknesses. More people demand change more often. Constantly shifting demands put a premium on flexibility and resilience, especially during the pandemic. Successful companies adapt to capitalize on changes in the market. Four actions to harness the forces The following four actions can change threats into opportunities and put a company in a proactive stance, taking advantage of trends rather than reacting to failures. Proactivity positions a company for strong growth and improving profitability. Action #1: Get the basics right. Solid business processes and systems provide a firm foundation

for future change. That solid foundation defines change as improvement and opportunity, rather than chaos and disaster. Technology engaged around solid processes sharpens performance rather than magnifying shortcomings. Action #2: Drive productivity. Improving productivity by 30% or more mitigates the workforce shortage but also requires coordination and alignment on key operating elements. We learned that focus on productivity as an overarching goal makes it easier to maintain an operational cadence, leverage critical investments, and stay on track with strategic direction. Improved productivity strengthens market positions by making companies more competitive, opening new market opportunities. Action #3: Fully engage employees. Most companies screw up engagement by either focusing on a “warm fuzzy” approach to make sure everyone feels valued or an information approach to make sure everyone is told about what is being done. True engagement requires creating a virtuous circle that empowers employees to participate, puts together the information they need to act effectively, and sets in motion initiatives that ultimately fuel them to participate even more, closing the circle. This engagement facilitates internal investment upskilling current employees, reducing turnover, and strengthening the company. Action #4: Embrace change! Successful companies constantly look for effective and profitable ways to align with trends rather than defend the status quo. They try to take advantage of all trends – the ones that make them uncomfortable as well as the ones they like. Change always creates opportunities for those who discover unmet needs and fill them in ways that provide an ongoing advantage. The pandemic created three massive upheavals – health, economic, and social – that intensified the world’s risks and opportunities. The best companies understand the five forces and engage the four actions to thrive in an era of increasing turmoil. These companies will grow and prosper during our unprecedented times.  WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Mobile - Portable

INTERNATIONAL FLUID POWER SOCIETY 1930 East Marlton Pike, Suite A-2, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003-2141 Tel: 856-489-8983 • Fax: 856-424-9248 Email: AskUs@ifps.org • Web: www.ifps.org 2021 BOARD OF DIRECTORS President: Rocky Phoenix, CFPMMH - Open Loop Energy, Inc. Immediate Past President: Jeff Kenney, CFPMHM, CFPIHM, CFPMHT - Dover Hydraulics South First Vice President: Denis Poirier, Jr., CFPAI/AJPP, CFPHS, CFPIHM, CFPCC - Eaton Corporation Treasurer: Jeff Hodges, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMHM - Altec Industries, Inc. Vice President Certification: James O’Halek, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMIP, CMPMM - The Boeing Company Vice President Marketing: Scott Sardina, PE, CFPAI, CFPHS Waterclock Engineering Vice President Education: Randy Bobbitt, CFPAI, CFPHS Danfoss Power Solutions Vice President Membership: John Bibaeff, PE, CFPAI, CFPE, CFPS

MOBILE

•

PORTABLE

• Hydrostatic Pressure Testing • Bolt Tensioning & Nut Torquing • Chemical Injection • Charging of N2 Accumulators • Leak Testing • Fluid Measuring Systems

• Clamping • Valve Actuation • Calibration • Gas Transfer • Coolant Injection

Founders: Paul and Lisa Prass Associate Publisher: Bob McKinney Editor: Michael Degan Technical Editor: Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC - CFPSOS LLC Art Director: Quynh Fisher Eastern Region Acct Executive: Norma Abrunzo Director of Creative Services: Erica Montes Accounting: Donna Bachman, Sarah Varano Circulation Manager: Andrea Karges

HII

HY drauli c DR AU s Inter LIC n S o ationa l, I r PN EU nc. MA TIC S

PUBLISHER Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc. 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118 Tel: 800-730-5904 or 610-923-0380 Fax: 610-923-0390 • Email: Art@FluidPowerJournal.com www.FluidPowerJournal.com

EXPERTS IN HIGH PRESSURE TESTING

HYD-4404

9201 Independence Ave., Chatsworth, CA 91311 USA (Phone) 818.407.3400 | (Fax) 818.407.3428 www.hiipumps.com

Made in the USA

DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE Chauntelle Baughman, CFPHS - OneHydraulics, Inc. Stephen Blazer, CFPE, CFPS, CFPMHM, CFPIHT, CFPMHT Altec Industries, Inc. Randy Bobbitt, CFPAI, CFPHS - Danfoss Power Solutions Steve Bogush, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPHS, CFPIHM - Poclain Hydraulics Cary Boozer, PE, CFPE - Motion Industries, Inc. Lisa DeBenedetto, CFPS - GS Global Resources Daniel Fernandes, CFPECS, CFPS - Sun Hydraulics Brandon Gustafson, PE, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHM - Graco, Inc. Garrett Hoisington, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPMHM Open Loop Energy Brian Kenoyer, CFPHS - Five Landis Corp. Jon Rhodes, CFPAI, CFPS, CFPECS - CFC Industrial Training Mohaned Shahin, CFPS - Parker Hannifin Randy Smith, CFPHS - Northrop Grumman Corp. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (EX-OFFICIO) Donna Pollander, ACA HONORARY DIRECTORS (EX-OFFICIO) Paul Prass, Fluid Power Journal Liz Rehfus, CFPE, CFPS Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP, CFC Industrial Training

IFPS STAFF Executive Director: Donna Pollander, ACA Communications Director: Adele Kayser Technical Director: Thomas Blansett, CFPS, CFPAI Assistant Director: Stephanie Coleman Certification Coordinator: Kyle Pollander Bookkeeper: Diane McMahon Administrative Assistant: Beth Borodziuk

Fluid Power Journal (ISSN# 1073-7898) is the official publication of the International Fluid Power Society published monthly with four supplemental issues, including a Systems Integrator Directory, Off-Highway Suppliers Directory, Tech Directory, and Manufacturers Directory, by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc., 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part of any material in this publication is acceptable with credit. Publishers assume no liability for any information published. We reserve the right to accept or reject all advertising material and will not guarantee the return or safety of unsolicited art, photographs, or manuscripts.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MAY 2021

FIGURE IT OUT

New Problem

System Overheats on Custom Drum Crusher

Solution to March 2021 problem: Pusher Cylinders Stop Midway

By Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMT, CFPMIP, CFPMMH, CFPMIH, CFPMM CFC Industrial Training

A HORIZONTAL PRESS crushes empty 30- and 55-gallon drums, and a drip pan captures any liquid that is flushed out. As it crushes the drums, the machine punctures a hole inserting a spray nozzle in one end and several holes in the lower area of the opposite end for a drain. The company assumes the captured waste is hazardous, and they send it to another EPA-approved company. The drum material goes to a mill that melts it down and works it into various shapes, like angles and bar stock. Part number Part description The company had a problem with the hydraulic unit overheating and determined it was SWINGFLGLCK2062 Swing hose FlangeLock kit due to corrosion build up in the copper tubes in the four-pass water-cooled heat exchanger used to remove excess heat. They routed out and cleaned the tubes and reassembled thecap kit SWINGCAP2062 Swing circuit unit with new end-cap gaskets and zinc anodes. They were surprised that the system still TRAVELFLGLCK2462 Travel hose FlangeLock kit experienced overheating problems. They were able to increase the water flow, but that did not help. TRAVELCAP2462 Travel circuit cap kit Their outside hydraulic service company assured them that the system was operating as Front attachment FRONTATTFLGLCK326162 FlangeLock kit designed and that it must be a heat exchanger problem. The service company wanted to FRONTATTCAP326162 Front attachment cap kit sell them a larger heat exchanger, Boom arch hose but the customer balked at the Robert Sheaf has more than 45 years BOOMARCHFLGLCK3262 FlangeLock kit cost because the existing one did troubleshooting, training, and consulting in the fluid BOOMARCHCAP3262 Boom arch hose cap kit well for many years. power field. Email rjsheaf@cfc-solar.com or visit his What could be the problem? website at www.cfcindustrialtraining.com.

The shredder that had problems with stopping midstroke was running when I arrived. I told them to make sure the TM “unloader” valve on the manifold with the pusher cylinders was energized and, if it wasn’t, the computer was probably responding to a pressure transducer spike Applicable machines Number of parts Weight (kg) and de-energized the unloader valve.

HITACHI FLANGELOCK AND CAP KITS AVAILABLE TM

EX3600, EX5600, EX8000

16 x 2062U - red FlangeLockTM

6.7

Following up on the problem, 16 x 2062 - capthey 4.5 confirmed that the computer told the EX3600, EX5600, EX8000 16 x 2462U - purple FlangeLock 7.7 unloader valve to de-energize. Adding a time delay to EX3600, EX5600, EX8000in the computer 16 x 2462 -program cap 6.4 ignore momentary pressure spikes from a 14 x 3262U - black FlangeLock EX3600, EX5600, EX8000 8.9 4 x 3261U - black & silver FlangeLock pressure transducer solved the problem. EX3600, EX5600, EX8000

EX3600, EX5600, EX8000

14 x 3262 - cap 4 x 3261 - cap

9.5

To view previous problems, visit 20 x 3262U - black FlangeLock 9.9 www.fluidpowerjournal.com/figure-it-out. TM

EX3600, EX5600, EX8000 EX3600, EX5600, EX8000

20 x 3262 - cap

11.3

Routine and scheduled maintenance of hydraulic systems are vital to getting the most out of your Hitachi Mining Excavator. While maintenance plays the largest role in the prevention of unnecessary machine downtime, it can also expose the hydraulic system to high levels of contamination rapidly decreasing component longevity. The importance of contamination control is sometimes overlooked when performing maintenance due to incorrect practices being used.

CO U T CO NTA LTIM HE NT M A RO INA TE L T TI OO ON L

Stop the Mess

The FlangeLock™ tool and caps are the ultimate contamination control tools for protecting your hydraulic system. The FlangeLock™ allows for the simple sealing of open hydraulic flanges without tools while the caps can be bolted in place of a flange connection. Easy on, easy off, they offer a leak-proof solution to hydraulic systems and environmental cleanliness. FlangeLock™ tools and caps stop the mess.

The FlangeLock™ Tool is the ultimate contamination control tool for protecting HITACHI MAKING systems. CONTAMINATION CONTROL EASY sealing of open SAE code 61, 62 your hydraulic It allows for the simple Hitachi have packaged FlangeLock™ tool and caps specifically for Hitachi mining excavators. The Hitachi customised & make CAT-Style hydraulic without Constructed from lightweight aluminum. kits sure no matter whichflanges component routine tools. maintenance is being performed on, you will always have the exact Easyofon, easy off.™*Offers to hydraulic system and environmental number FlangeLocks and capsatoleakproof help reducesolution contamination. cleanliness. FlangeLock™ Tools stop the mess! ™

TIME MONEY LABOR OIL

• No tools required • One hand installation Call you local Hitachi Muswellbrook representative or • No expensive hardware needed • Eliminate hydraulic oil spills & clean up onhoses 02 6541 6300 for installation more information. • No more the rags branch stuffed into • Quick & ease of usage • No more messy plastic caps • Safe for personnel & environment • The ultimate contamination control tool • Industry acclaimed

This product is Patented, other Patents pending.

For more information, call 203-861-9400 or email sales@flangelock.com. www.flangelock.com MAY 2021

THE FLANGELOCK™ TOOL AND CIRCUIT BLANKING CAPS

*Note: FlangeLocks are not to be used under pressure

CONTAMINATION CONTROL

SAVE SAVE SAVE SAVE

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

CMY

National Tube Supply’s fluid power products are precisely manufactured and expertly finished to minimize leakage and ensure longer seal life and optimum performance. Our experienced team is always available to help customers identify the best product for their project specifications, quality requirements and bottom line. We’ll even work with you to set forecasts for JIT delivery management! Hydraulic Fluid Line Tubing Cylinder Barrels Pneumatic Cylinder Tubing Pump Barrels Honed Steel Tubing Chrome ID Tubing

Chrome OD Tubing DOM Tubing Seamless Steel Tubing Chrome Plated Piston Rods 1045 Steel Ductile Iron & Alloy

We have a massive inventory at your disposal with 5 locations across North America – most orders ship next day!

800-229-6872 | nationaltubesupply.com

Navigating the Rough Seas of

MARINE CERTIFICATION By Thomas Shickel, Manager, Marine & Offshore, Bosch Rexroth Corp.

The marine industry presents a unique set of challenges, and among them is a myriad of regulations concerning marine and offshore products. A clear understanding of marine certifications and inspection documents for hydraulic products used in marine systems is crucial to making an informed decision. Worldwide statutory provisions specify the rules and regulations with which ships and marine equipment must comply to obtain an operating license. The size, intended use, and type of ship, as well as the application of the ship’s operating equipment and installation room, define the mandatory inspection documents and certificates needed for approval. As the hazard potential grows, the requirements become stricter. Certifications and inspection documents serve a key purpose: they confirm, either by the manufacturer or by a third-party verification service, that the equipment is in compliance with industry standards. Obtaining these certifications and inspection documents when ordering pumps, motors, valves, control blocks, and other shipboard equipment can result in significant time and cost savings. Marine certifications involve many organizations. Let’s look at a few of them.

IMO is the source of approximately 60 legal instruments that guide regulatory development to improve safety at sea, facilitate trade among seafaring states, and protect the maritime environment. Three of the most well-known of these instruments are the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, the International Convention for the Prevention of Maritime Pollution, and International Convention of the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, known as the “green passport.”

Classification societies Classification societies add another level to the marine certification structure. A classification society is a nongovernmental organization that establishes and maintains technical standards for the construction and operation of ships and offshore structures based on IMO regulations. The society validates that the construction adheres to set standards and executes regular surveys to ensure compliance.

IMO The primary purpose of the U.N.’s International Maritime Organization is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping. Its mandate includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical cooperation, maritime security, and shipping efficiency. 8

MAY 2021

Bosch Rexroth employees certify a product’s operating characteristics at the factory.

Societies also classify oil platforms and other offshore structures. Their extensive survey process covers diesel engines, important ship-board pumps, and other vital machinery. Marine classification promotes occupational safety and protects property and the environment by verifying compliance with technical and engineering standards for the design, construction, and life-cycle maintenance of ships, offshore units, and other marine facilities. The standards and rules are established by individual societies. The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), headquartered in London, has 12 member societies. IACS is a nongovernmental organization that develops unified interpretations of international statutory regulations developed by IMO-member states. IACS-member societies apply these interpretations when certifying regulatory compliance on behalf of authorizing flag states.

Inspection documents and certificates Whether a product needs approval from a classification society depends on its function. The societies establish product certificates and issue applicable approvals. Product certificates may be issued according to standard EN10204, while type-approval certificates require a specific format from the relevant society. According to EN10204 standards, certificates come in two categories. The first involves nonspecific inspections for nonessential equipment. This means the inspected equipment is without a hazard potential for life or limb in applications such as cranes or winches. This category includes a declaration of compliance with the order (type 2.1) and a test report (type 2.2). In a type 2.1 declaration, WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Bosch Rexroth products certified for marine applications include, left to right, the A6VM axial piston variable motor, and the A4VSO, A4VSG, and A4CSG axial piston variable pumps.

A test stand like this one can verify a pump’s performance and aid in its certification.

the manufacturer declares that the product is in compliance with the requirements of the order without the inclusion of test results. A type 2.2 report is the same except that it includes test results based on a nonspecific inspection. The second category is defined by specific inspections for essential equipment with a hazard potential for life and limb. Hazardous equipment includes applications such as steering gears and propulsion systems. Like the nonspecific equipment, a manufacturer can issue a type 3.1 certificate that says a product is in compliance and has the test results to verify it. This document

is validated by the manufacturer’s authorized inspection representative, who is independent of the manufacturing department. The other type, 3.2, is prepared by the manufacturer’s independent representative and either the purchaser’s authorized representative or an inspector designated by regulations. It also includes test results. The American Bureau of Shipping, which is a member of IACS, is one of the largest certification bodies presiding over U.S. shipbuilding. It conducts engineering design reviews and inspection testing on components and machinery such as propulsion systems, cranes, winches, ballast systems, and stabilizers. Typically, classification societies provide general design standards. There are a few shortcuts that can reduce some of the red tape. For example, if an OEM

BUILT TO LAST

supplies shipboard drive and control equipment and incorporates high-pressure piston pumps, the OEM can ask the pump manufacturer to provide test certifications for the pump. This can reduce the needed inspection verifications when the system is installed at the shipyard. Also, for some certificates, manufacturers can transfer test results from an earlier inspection to the inspection certificate, provided the manufacturer complies with traceability procedures. It’s easy to get overwhelmed with the certification and inspection processes for marine products. With all the intricacies involved, companies capable of providing material and testing certifications for marine applications can save a customer significant time and cost on approvals. Ultimately, testing certifications at the individual component level support a faster comprehensive inspection process for a vessel’s final performance validation. 

S O ME TH I N G S AR E J U ST

Ace pumps may not last 4,500 years like the great pyramids of Egypt, but they are designed to be the longestlasting pumps on the market today. For more than 70 years, we’ve built our pumps with only the best components, backed by the strictest quality control standards in the industry. So, the next time you need a pump that stands the test of time, be sure to ask for an Ace pump. To learn more, please go to www.acepumps.com or give us a call at 800-843-2293.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MAY 2021

The Pump’s the Thing

By David Blankenship, Senior Product Line Director, Pumps at Enerpac and Jon Bice, Director of Bolting, Enerpac Americas

F O R M A R I N E A N D O F F S H O R E B O LT I N G As technology continues to improve rapidly for hydraulic pump systems – adding many more options and significantly increasing performance, quality, and safety – choosing and pairing the right torque wrench pump or tensioner pump for bolting applications in marine, offshore, and power generation makes a vital difference to jobsite safety and efficiency. A deeper understanding of hydraulic pumps and their many configurations can help a business become more efficient and carry out bolting work in any situation.

measure bolt load during or immediately following the bolting process is essential for joint integrity and safety. Torque wrenches apply rotational force onto a nut to stretch, not yield, the bolt to achieve bolt load. A hydraulic torque wrench, when coupled with a specially designed torque pump, creates the torque output, or torque load, necessary to create the clamping force to secure bolted-joint integrity. While torque wrenches and bolt tensioners work to accomplish the same objective – to clamp nuts and bolts together for joint integrity Pumps in controlled bolting – tensioning directly stretches the bolt against Controlled bolting is the process of applying the flange rather than nut rotation from the an accurate bolt load to a mechanical joint to torque wrench. Tensioning typically creates meet design specifications. Bolt load can be a more accurate load required on larger bolts. measured directly using hydraulic bolt tensionThe torque wrench or bolt tensioner itself ers, ultrasonics, or calculating torque values does not do the work alone; it is part of a determined by the bolt material, size, and fric- system that also includes a hydraulic pump, hose, and accessories. tion of the stud and nut. Having the means to

MAY 2021

Choosing a pump Where you plan to use your hydraulic pumps and the power types available are key in determining product selection. Torque wrench pumps are available in battery, electric, and air-powered models from Enerpac. The power source you need depends on the requirements of your jobsite. For example, if you are working in a potentially explosive atmosphere and your site requires ATEX certification, such as on an oil rig or in a mine, an air-powered model is likely the only choice. Enerpac offers a variety of air-powered models in its LAT and ZA-Series pumps. On worksites where there is no need for explosion-proof tools or where air compressors are not available or feasible, an electric-powered pump might be preferred. Enerpac offers electric-powered pumps in its E-Pulse, ZU-Series, and ZE-Series models. If portability is a primary concern, a battery-powered model might work better. For example, if workers are performing bolting maintenance checks on a wind tower, battery-powered models like the Enerpac XC-series will be easier to transport and access tight spaces. More multidimensional worksites might make a variety of pumps necessary. A shipyard, for example, may handle new construction and refurbishment of existing ships. The work may take place in a number of locations with some in close proximity to power and others not. A space like the engine room located at the bottom rear of a ship might be better handled by a battery-powered model that avoids the need to run extension cords to the work area. Similar to torque wrench systems, bolt tensioner pumps are available in electric, air-powered, and manual models. An electric tensioner pump like the Enerpac ZUTP-Series high-efficiency electric pump is compact and WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

lightweight. The two-stage pump provides high flow at low pressure for fast system fills and controlled flow at high pressure for safe and accurate operation. An air-powered model like the ATP-Series tensioner pumps are likely the only option for working in environments like a gas-treatment facility. A manual tensioner pump like the Enerpac HPT tensioner pump is a lightweight and portable hand pump, and includes two-speed operation for reduced cycle times, a gauge, and an integrated relief valve. It’s best for test applications or occasional use.

Required performance Application completion speed is another major consideration when choosing a pump. Someone constructing a wind tower, for example, who is fastening hundreds and hundreds of bolts a day, might require a pump powered by a large motor and cooled by a heat exchanger to achieve the needed speed and uptime. Consider that a larger electric pump moves the wrench approximately five times faster than a battery torque wrench pump: 60 cubic inches per minute at 10,000 psi (689 bar) versus 15 cubic inches per minute at 10,000 psi (689 bar). The jobsite and weather conditions also play a role in the type of pump the work requires. A worker in a Louisiana refinery during a shutdown in the middle of the summer will be served better with a larger pump cooled with a heat exchanger than by a smaller pump that could fail in the heat.

There are tradeoffs for everything, of course. A smaller pump might suit you better in certain situations. A larger pump just might not fit in your workspace. Perhaps you are working alone in a location that is hard to access. You might not want to move a large pump to your worksite, and a lighter pump will better suit your needs. WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

New features Pump system technology continues to accelerate in many ways. Auto cycling is one feature more companies are offering with their pumps. The feature makes it unnecessary to manually press and release pump pendant buttons repeatedly to operate the torque wrench. This is especially important when the job requires tightening a large number of fasteners. Beyond auto cycling, Enerpac offers intelligent auto cycle (IAC) on the E-Pulse torque wrench pumps. IAC reduces the amount of fastening time and heat buildup by eliminating the waste of the wrench going to full pressure with every stroke when not necessary. Increased productivity and longer pump life are key benefits of IAC. Enerpac ZU4 Pro Series pumps allow operators to program the desired torque amount into the pump along with the torque wrench model they're using. With this feature, a worker does not need to use a pressure chart to complete a torque output-to-pressure conversion. The feature cuts out several steps of the manual process, saving time and reducing the opportunity for human error. In addition, users can get pump usage information, receive warnings, and see other diagnostic information.

Looking past price The price of a pump will be a consideration, but the focus should be on value. In the big picture, a hydraulic pump, when paired with a torque wrench or tensioner, could help a company complete jobs more quickly and safely. As mentioned previously, the durability of the pump is also essential. The benefits of a durable pump include more reliability for a longer period, longer life cycle, and less need to keep backup pumps. Buying from a company that emphasizes product support and service is also incredibly important. Tools need to work, and pumps need to perform. Remember that hydraulic pumps are industrial equipment, and they will almost certainly need maintenance at some point. Pumps are often used in rough environments, exposed to oils, solvents, debris, and have other tools piled on top of them when transported. Durability, part availability, and the ease with which the pump can be serviced are important considerations. Picking the right pump and accessories takes careful consideration and a sharp focus on emerging technology, but it will be time well spent that will ultimately maximize a company’s capabilities. 

MAY 2021

SPECIAL AD SECTION

www.acepumps.com

Web Marketplace

Ace Pump Corporation has provided pumping solutions for the chemical application, off-highway equipment, air conditioning, and refrigeration markets since 1945. These varied applications have required Ace to successfully overcome a wide range of engineering challenges. Ace developed a complete range of products for the agricultural and off-highway equipment markets that do not require the electrical grid for operation. The pumps are found serving a variety of functions in industry today including: crop sprayers, concrete trucks, asphalt milling machines, anti-icing trucks, turf sprayers, and more.

www.hydraulex.com

www.flangelock.com The FlangeLock™ Tool is the ultimate contamination control tool for protecting your hydraulic systems. It allows for the simple sealing of open SAE code 61, 62 & CAT-Style hydraulic flanges without tools. Constructed from lightweight aluminum. Easy on, easy off. Offers a leakproof solution to hydraulic system and environmental cleanliness. FlangeLock™ Tools stop the mess!

Have a Purchase Order? Please email to sales@flangelock.com or fax to 203-622-1238

MAY 2021

Hydraulex provides the largest offering in the industry of Remanufactured, Aftermarket, and OEM hydraulic components and parts such as pumps, motors, valves, cylinders and PTOs. We also offer complete hydraulic repair services for almost every make and brand of hydraulic component. Whatever your needs, we’re sure to be able to help. Visit our website for more information (www.hydraulex.com), give us a call (1-800-422-4279, or email us at sales@hydraulex.com.

www.laman.com La-Man Corporation is a leading manufacturer of compressed air filtration products. With over 30 years of experience, we truly understand the importance of protecting valuable machinery, tools, and finished products from dirty, wet, contaminated air. La-Man’s line of products include the patented Extractor Dryer, .01 micron filter, as well as, LA-MAN-Air Breathing Systems™, SuperStar™ Membrane Dryers, and the Refrigerated Extractor/Dryer.

PO BOX 328 • Mazeppa, MN 55956 800-348-2463

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

SPECIAL AD SECTION

www.youngpowertech.com www.mainmanufacturing.com Main's website provides quick access to the 120 page catalog that includes popular styles of MAIN Manufacturing’s extensive offering of carbon and stainless Hydraulic Flanges and Components – ready for immediate shipment. Metric ordering information, weld specs, and dimensional information included. The “Quick Reference Guide” helps specify less popular items often stocked or quickly manufactured (generally 3-4 days) at our US plant. “Create-AFlange” offers more parts than the catalog — by picture. If it’s not here, or for questions, E-mails may be sent to get your answer quickly. 1-800-521-7918 info@mainmfg.com

www.oilrite.com Oil-Rite manufactures 303 stainless steel flow sights which permit visual observation of liquid flow, clarity, and condition in lowpressure oil lines. Stainless steel is becoming a preferred material in industrial settings because of its corrosive resistant properties. They are available with or without a nylon ball for gauging the direction of fluid movement. Consult Oil-Rite’s online product catalog. P.O. Box 1207 Manitowoc WI 54221-1207 (920)-682-6173 sales@oilrite.com

Young Powertech Inc. is a manufacturer and distributor of complete lines of Mechanical and Hydraulic components. Our strength is delivery of solutions packages to fit most applications using Gear reducers, Helical Rotary Actuators, Radial, Axial, Bent Axis motors and Piston pumps and Gear pumps, Wheel and Track Drives, and complete Electric Drives Systems for mobile equipment. With decades of experience and most advance production in suppliers' factories, Young Powertech delivers more solutions than most.

Visit our website for more information.

2021 Electric Utility Fleet Managers Conference June 8-9 & 15-16 | Virtual Event Essential Tools For Fleet Excellence Join ﬂeet professionals from investor-owned electric utilities, electric cooperatives and electrical contractors from across the U.S. and Canada and the industry’s leading manufacturers and service providers for a virtual experience unlike any other.

Buy One, Get Two registrations & discounted rates Valuable information for your ﬂeet management team at a lower cost.

MAY 2021

Trick of the

LIGHT Unmasking Phantom Particles

By Robert Ihrig, CPM, CFPHS, Applications Engineer, Filter Systems and Diagnostics (IoT), Schroeder Industries

IMAGINE THIS: You have been filtering 30 gallons of hydraulic fluid in off-line filtration with staged 5- and 1-micron filter elements at a processing rate of 5 gallons per minute (300 gallons per hour). You have been using a light-blockage method (LBM) automatic particle counter to verify the fluid cleanliness. The starting cleanliness per ISO 4406:2017 was 25/22/15. After eight hours, the cleanliness has only dropped to 22/20/13. You’ve checked that the filter element is not clogged and not in bypass. You even went through the trouble of making sure there was an element actually in the filter. How is this possible? What you’re likely experiencing is a classic case of “phantom” particle counting.

Ç Demystifying phantom particles Phantom particle counting is a documented problem with laser particle counters that use LBM to verify the cleanliness of petroleum-based fluids containing certain insoluble additives. Silicone-based antifoam agents are common interferents. Fluids used in mobile fluid power systems are typically formulated to contain high antifoam concentrations. Research has suggested that through differential surface tension, the silicone antifoam additive agents adhere to the inner wall of microscopic entrained air bubbles, resulting in micelle-like encapsulations of the additive agents that then take on the apparent shape characteristics of a water droplet. The micelle-like antifoam agent encapsulations typically range from 4μm to10µm in size. Once the encapsulations rise to the fluid surface, the agents quickly pierce the air bubble and return back into the fluid. In a related study of the effects of a variety of nonsolid contaminants and additives on LBM particle-counting accuracy, it was found that a base stock mixture containing 0.02% (by weight) of a silicone antifoam agent increased the particle count by a minimum factor of three. The erroneous particle accounts were particularly evident in the 4µm and 6µm channels of the ISO 4406 cleanliness standard.

Ç Limitations of LBM LBM particle counters are useful in many applications, and the principle of the method is fundamentally simple. Fluid flows through a measurement cell containing a light source on one side of the measurement cell and a receiver (photodetector) on the opposite side. The light source becomes 14

MAY 2021

partially blocked as particles pass through the measurement cell, creating a light radiation differential, that is, a shadow, corresponding to the circular cross-sectional size of the passing particles. Because of this fundamental operating principle, LBM particle counters suffer from a key drawback: the inability to discern solid contaminates from other contaminates like water, air bubbles, phantom particles, and so on. So how can the phantom particles be overcome using automatic particle-counting technology? There is an alternative solution.

Ç Direct digital imaging method Direct digital imaging particle counting uses size and shape-recognition technology based on advanced algorithms to distinguish contaminates. For example, a direct digital imaging particle counter can distinguish contaminates into fatigue, cutting and sliding wear, and fiber and air bubble categories based on shape characteristics. It can also recognize water droplets (though water droplets are typically not recorded). The distinction of contaminates allows for more accurate particle counting by negating nonsolid contaminates like entrained air bubbles and water droplets. Therefore, direct digital imaging particle-counting technology can negate the micelle-like antifoaming additive encapsulations as water droplets – phantom particles – allowing users to understand the condition of their fluids with greater confidence. Two case studies demonstrate how the Schroeder Pro: Total Fluid Health (TFH), a fluid-condition monitoring solution with direct digital imaging particle-counting technology, can overcome phantom particle counting. WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

CASE STUDY 1 An OEM of large off-highway equipment was experiencing continuous particle-counter inaccuracies at a verification stage of assembly. The rejections due to fluid condition were mounting, causing delayed shipments and significant related costs. The average holding time delay due to rejection was seven days and incurred a holding cost of $1,500 a day per unit. At the consultation phase of the case study, eight units had been delayed. The diagnosis was in: the existing light blockage-type particle counters were providing inconsistently high and erroneous particle counts. The ISO 4406 cleanliness would frequently measure 23/22/19, despite a strong fluid-maintenance and conditioning regime. Third-party fluid analysis reports and fluid datasheets suggested that the synthetic hydraulic fluid contained a high concentration of a siloxane (silicone derivative) antifoaming additive known to cause phantom particle measurements in LBM automatic particle counters. Schroeder Industries provided an extensive on-site demonstration that proved the advanced direct digital imaging technology of the TFH portable fluid-contamination monitoring solution, which measured an average ISO fluid cleanliness of 15/14/10, allowed the customer to successfully process the fluid and pass six units during the first day of demonstration. The two remaining backlogged units passed early on the second day of demonstration. The realizable savings evidenced by the demonstration equated to approximately 35% in cost savings and an 81% reduction in holding time.

Ç Schroeder’s TFH It’s no secret that understanding fluid cleanliness is imperative for strategically maintaining fluid-powered and lubricated machines. Automatic particle counters using LBM are generally considered reliable solutions for fluid-condition monitoring. However, LBM particle counters can yield inaccurate measurements while processing fluids that are contaminated by water, entrained air, or high levels of certain additives. Silicone-based antifoaming agents are common, well-documented additive interferents that become encapsulated within entrained air bubbles and lead to phantom particles, which are indiscernible by LBM particle counters due to their fundamental principle of operation. Research suggests that phantom particles can lead to LBM particle-counter measurements three classes higher than the true cleanliness per ISO 4406. While they can be filtered out, the additives that can lead to phantom particles serve important, specific functions and should not be removed or sacrificed. An alternative solution to LBM automatic particle counting, the direct digital imaging method uses size- and shape-recognition technology in tandem with advanced data-driven algorithms to distinguish solid contaminates from nonsolid contaminants like water droplets and air bubbles. Because of the apparent water droplet-like shape characteristics of the antifoam encapsulations, direct digital imaging solutions such as the TFH can indirectly negate the phantom particle counts and provide more accurate fluid cleanliness measurements.  WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

CASE STUDY 2 Similar to case study 1, an OEM of mobile equipment was measuring unusually high particle counts with an LBM particle counter after switching to a new hydraulic fluid type with a higher concentration of an antifoaming additive. Coincidentally, the fluid type was nearly equivalent to that used by the off-highway equipment OEM. According to the customer, the average particle count of four samples of fluid collected from the customer’s well-conditioned bulk fluid storage measured 25/23/20, as shown in table 1. Table 1: Sample cleanliness results of fluid containing a high concentration of antifoaming additives according to ISO 4406.

After consulting the customer of the phantom particle-counting issue, Schroeder Industries offered to process fluid samples using a third-party LBM particle counter and the TFH portable fluid-contamination monitoring solution to determine if there was evidence of the phenomenon. Because of the tell-tale symptoms of particle-counting inaccuracies due to phantom particle counting, the results of the tests shown in table 2 are not surprising; the test results are consistent with typical cleanliness discrepancies produced by phantom particles.

Table 2: Comparative sample cleanliness results of fluid containing a high concentration of antifoaming additives according to ISO 4406.

MAY 2021

TEST YOUR SKILLS

TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF

COMPRESSORS The generic term “supply side” is often used to refer to the complete package that includes the compressor, drive motor and associated hardware, as well as the filters and coolers used to remove the contaminants and water resulting from the compression process. Also included will be items such as the receiver and capacity control devices, like a pressure switch to cycle the compressor on and off or the more complicated inlet control devices that restrict the air flow while the compressor continues to run. In addition to selecting the size and type of compressor to be used, the following items need to be considered in the flow path as the air is transported from free air at the compressor inlet to the receiver prior to being dispersed to the points of use.

Location of the compressor: The foundation that the compressor will be mounted on needs to be substantial enough to provide support and also be able to absorb any vibration produced by the compressor. The base should permit the compressor to be mounted level and not subject to any deflection in the drive. In very large systems the subsoil characteristics should be verified to insure they can withstand the dynamic loads imparted by the compressors. The compressor room should also have the means to dissipate the heat generated by the compressors. 16

MAY 2021

Compressor inlet location: The inlet temperature of the compressor can affect the delivery by almost 20%. Based on a normal intake temperature of 60°F, the compressor delivery will increase to 118% for an inlet temperature of -20°F and be reduced to 83.8% at an inlet air temperature of 160°F. Ideally the compressor inlet should be mounted outdoors at least 6 ft. above the ground. It should be screened and protected from direct ingestion of rain, snow, and blowing dust or debris, as well as exposure to vermin. The intake should not be mounted directly adjacent to a wall or in a confined area to minimize vibrations caused by the intake pulsations. The intake piping should be adequately sized for the airflow and have minimal bends; any bends should be comprised of large radius elbows. The inlet filter should be mounted as close to the compressor as possible. The inlet filter protects the compressor from particles larger than 20 to 80 microns that may cause wear to rings and other close fitting parts.

Compressor discharge filtration: The compressor inlet filter is sized to eliminate contaminants that could damage the compressor. During compression the remaining particles have been concentrated as a function of the compression ratio. The compressor also introduces wear particles into the airstream and residual lubricating oil. Compressors that utilize oil as a cooling and sealing media will have a sump and separator to recover the compressor oil. Additional filtration will be used to further remove contaminants including particulates and residual compressor oils, after the air is cooled and the water removed. Cooling: During compression, air molecules become compressed and generate heat, which in turn reduces the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Losses are kept to a minimum by dissipating the heat through fins on the compressor for air-cooled compressors or into the coolant for liquid-cooled compressors. The compressed gas also cools in the receiver.

Intercooler

First-stage cylinder

Second-stage cylinder

Two-stage compressor with intercooler.

In a typical two-stage reciprocating piston compressor, a large firststage piston feeds compressed air into a smaller second-stage piston. To improve volumetric efficiency, an intercooler cools the compressed air between stages. The intercooler often consists of a finned tube cooled by the flywheel fan. The heat of compression is transferred from the hot air to the core tube, to the fins, and then to atmosphere. Cooling is aided by the flywheel fan, which also cools the case, cylinder, and head of the compressor. Compressor isolation: If a shutoff valve is installed in the discharge line to permit maintenance of the compressor without bleeding down the entire air system, an overpressure safety valve constructed to ASME standards must be installed upstream of the shutoff valve. A bleed-off valve should be installed to permit any residual pressure to be released prior to beginning maintenance. Proper lock-out tag-out procedures should be followed to insure the compressor is not able to start inadvertently due to the normal air demand control sequence. Water removal: Water vapor, which is held naturally in air, is compressed with the air and will precipitate out during the compression process. If unconditioned compressed air is sent downstream it will contaminate the piping system along the way with liquid water that drops out of suspension and enters air tools and machinery. For this reason the water must be removed. An aftercooler attached to the compressor outlet will

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

remove most of the water before it gets into the piping system. In practice, aftercoolers placed immediately downstream of a compressor can remove approximately 85% of the moisture that passes through the compressor. For example, 1,000 cu-ft. of saturated air at 14.7 psia and 80°F contains about 1.58 lb. of water. Compressing that air to 100 psig and then cooling it back to 80°F will reduce the moisture content by about 90% to about 0.2 lb. The receiver conditions air the same way. As air cools in the receiver, water condenses, and falls to the bottom of the receiver, where it is drained off. Other methods used to further reduce the water content in compressed air include refrigeration or desiccants such as activated alumina. Sumps that collect the condensate must be designed so the drained fluid can be captured for proper disposal.

Dryer

Compressor mounted on receiver.

Compressor Types Air compressors commonly used for power and control functions are reciprocating piston, vane, rotary screw, rotary lobe, scroll, and centrifugal types. A vacuum pump is treated as a compressor that works at less than atmospheric conditions. Within each of these types of compressors, additional distinction can be drawn for single-stage, dual- or multiple-stage, and oil-injected or oil-less. In single-stage compressors the air passes through a single compression stage. The effective maximum compression ratio is 11:1, limiting effective outlet pressures to 1,030 kPa (150 psig.) In dual- or multistage compressors the air is passed into an additional compressor and further elevates the pressure. The air passes through an intercooler to reject some of the heat of compression to improve compressor efficiency. When discharge pressures of 1,750-2,400 kPa (250-350 psig) are required, two- or threestage compressors are preferred. For extremely high pressures above 4 MPa (600 psig), four- or five-stage compressors will be used.

Rotary screw compressor.

Vane compressor.

Reciprocating piston: The reciprocating piston compressor is similar in design to an internal combustion engine with a piston connected to the crankshaft by some form of connecting rod. The compressor can have multiple pistons and may be either single acting or double acting, resulting in compression strokes in both directions of the piston. Multistage compressors will connect the discharge from one cylinder though an intercooler to another cylinder of a smaller size to increase the

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

compression ratio. Lubrication of the crank mechanism and pistons varies based on the design. For applications where trace amounts of oil are tolerated, the lubrication is similar to conventional internal combustion engines, using positive lubrication or the splash type commonly found on small engines. For oil-less or oil-free compressors the bearings will be prelubricated and sealed, the piston seals will be made of a low-friction material that is self-lubricating and heat resistant. Valves identified as reed, disc, or strip are check valves

that open with a very low differential pressure. Larger compressors may use an automotive-style valve system driven off the crankshaft. Air cooling is the most common method, with liquid cooling limited to large compressors or those with high duty cycles. Rotary screw: According to the Compressed Air and Gas Institute, the oil-injected rotary screw compressor has become the dominant type of compressor for a wide variety of industrial and mining applications. The rotary screw compressor is a positive displacement device that utilizes two intermeshing helical rotors in a stator housing. The main rotor consists of a series of helical lobes that mesh precisely with the corresponding grooves in the secondary rotor. As the rotors turn, air that enters the inlet is transported progressively along the rotors away from the inlet to the discharge port. Oil is injected into the compression chamber to provide sealing, lubrication, and cooling. The oil used is typically a synthetic lubricant to provide long life at high compressor operating temperatures. The air-oil mixture leaving the compressor is then passed into a sump/separator to recover the oil, which is then filtered, cooled, and reinjected into the compression chamber. Oil-free rotary screw compressors utilize external gears to prevent the intermeshing rotors from making physical contact. The lack of oil for the sealing and cooling requires higher rotor speeds, and single-stage versions produce less air volume since none of the heat of compression is removed from the air during the process. Vane: Sliding vane devices can be designed to operate as an air compressor or vacuum pump. Sliding vane compressors consist of a cylindrical stator with a smaller diameter rotor mounted eccentrically inside. The stator chamber is the same width as the rotor. The diameter difference of the rotor (Continued on page 18) MAY 2021

(Continued from page 17) and stator and the thickness of the chamber will determine the amount of air produced with each revolution of the rotor. The rotor has a number of slots fitted with vanes that are free to slide in and out. Driving the rotor causes the vanes to extend due to centrifugal force. The vanes form a seal against the inside diameter of the stator, the rotor, and the ends of the cylindrical stator. The inlet port allows air to be drawn in on the increasing volume side of the eccentric, where the vanes slide out of the rotor. As the chamber formed by two vanes, the rotor and the inside edge of the stator reaches the major diameter, the inlet port is blocked and the discharge port is then opened as the chamber now passes to the decreasing volume area caused by the eccentric. The vanes are forced back into the rotor and the air is forced into the discharge port by the reduced volume. Oil is typically injected into the airstream to provide lubrication, cooling, and sealing of the moving parts. Lobe: The twin lobe compressor uses gears to synchronize two intermeshing lobe-shaped rotors. The air is transported around the outside of the housing from the inlet to the outlet. The meshing of the rotor lobes forces the air out on the discharge side while the separating of the

lobes on the inlet side draws air into the pumping chamber. These compressors are typically used for large volumes of low-pressure air, or in transporting process gasses for scrubbers and similar applications.

Lobe compressor.

Scroll compressor.

Centrifugal compressor.

Scroll: The scroll compressor utilizes an oscillating spiral that fits inside a mating fixed spiral or scroll. The orbiting movement of the oscillating spiral creates a flow path that progressively moves from the inlet to the outlet. The precise shape and fit of the two scrolls provides a tight seal without actual metal-to-metal contact and does not require lubrication. The result is a continuous discharge of oil-free air with no pulsations and very low noise. Currently they are limited to 3.75 kW (5 hp). Centrifugal: A centrifugal compressor is usually used in large horsepower applications, typically above 300 hp. It is a nonpositive displacement compressor technically defined as a dynamic compressor. The air is accelerated and compressed as a result of impacting the rotating vanes or impellers. Stationary guide vanes are used to direct the airflow within the compressor. Multistage compressors may be in-line on a single shaft with intercoolers located between the stages, or integrally geared consisting of a set of separate impellers and housings connected by a common drive gear. Performance of the centrifugal compressor is significantly affected by the discharge pressure and the rotational speed of the compressor. 

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Which of the following is the preferred location for the compressor inlet? a. Inside the compressor room. b. Inside the building close to the main demand location. c. Outdoors at least 6ft. (2m) off the ground. d. Outdoors close to a wall and an adjacent corner. e. Indoors under a stairwell.

Which compressor type is defined as a dynamic compressor? a. Centrifugal. b. Reciprocating piston. c. Rotary screw. d. Vane. e. Lobe. See page 31 for the solutions.

MAY 2021

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

CELEBRATING 60 YEARS

Geared-Up Grad Sweepstakes

SWEEPSTAKES OPEN TO all college and tech school freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. The IFPS “Geared-Up Grad” Sweepstakes is a chance to connect with industry personnel and win some prizes! The IFPS will highlight your graduation goals on our professional social media platforms for a chance to get noticed by the industry. TO ENTER THE SWEEPSTAKES, simply E-mail one photo of yourself, your resume and a pic of your student ID or class schedule to Stephanie at scoleman@ifps.org.

Submissions accepted until May 10, 2021. For questions or additional details, contact Stephanie at scoleman@ifps.org or 856-424-8998 ex. 7251.

Outline of the soon-to-be-released upgraded mobile hydraulic mechanic study manual Job responsibility 1.0: Understand hydraulic components and their operation. • Understand hydraulic symbols. • Understand the function and operation of system components. • Understand component model code breakdown. Job Responsibility 2.0: Understand Loads and Motion. • Understand the units and terminology. • Understand force, pressure, area, and flow relationships. • Using Pascal’s Law. • Using flow and area relationships. Job Responsibility 3.0: Maintain and repair Hydraulic Systems. • Understand commissioning a hydraulic system. • Understand component installation. • Hydraulic pumps. • Coupling types. • Hydraulic valves. • Hydraulic cylinders. • Hydraulic motors. • Gas-charged hydraulic accumulators. • Fluid conductors. • System fluid. • Fluid cleanliness. WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

• Understand proactive (scheduled) maintenance (PM). Job Responsibility 4.0: Troubleshoot Hydraulic Systems. • Understanding troubleshooting. • Component testing. • Accumulators. • Contamination control. • Hose assemblies. Job Responsibility 5.0: ElectroHydraulic Control Systems. • Electrohydraulic valves. • Sensors. • Basic control theory.

Job Performance Stations (Hands-on) Station # 1 Identify Fluid Power Symbols: Identify 20 components by their symbolic representation on a schematic drawing. The schematic at this station will be either Mobile Hydraulic, Industrial Hydraulic, or Pneumatic depending upon your test. You will be required to give a written explanation for each component. This is not a multiple-choice station. Station # 2 Identify Fasteners and Fittings: This station has ten (10) fasteners and ten (10) fittings that require identification as to type, size,

length, thread, and grade. Each item has five (5) multiple choice answers from which to choose. Station # 3 Use of Multimeter: This station is for testing the candidate in the use of a Multimeter. There are 14 questions for readings taken on a test circuit board. It is not multiple choice. The readings are for voltage, amperage, and resistance. Station # 4 Measure a Pump Piston and Spool: This station tests your ability to take measurements of a part that range from 1/16” to .0001” and requires using scales, calipers, and micrometers. A pump piston and a hydraulic valve spool are used for the measurements. This is not a multiple-choice station. Station # 5 Fluid Conductors: Requires identifying size, type, and pressure ratings of two (2) steel tubes, two (2) rubber hoses, one (1) copper, and one (1) nylon tube. Dial calipers and datasheets are provided to aid in this task. This station is not multiple choice. Station # 6 Tube Bend and Flare: Bend and flare a tube assembly to fit a fixture testing the skills of measuring, cutting, flaring, and assembly for compound bending to fit a fixture. All tubing, tools, and datasheets are provided. MAY 2021

I F P S U P D AT E

IFPS Spring Meeting Set

THE INTERNATIONAL Fluid Power Society’s in-person and virtual spring meeting takes place May 3-6 at the Embassy Suites San Antonio Riverwalk Downtown in San Antonio, Texas.

Maximizing the Use of PowerPoint and PDF Files Thursday, May 6, 8 a.m. - 2 p.m. Only available in-person includes lunch Discover your inner designer during Dan Helgerson’s deep dive into the underutilized tools of PowerPoint. Learn how to spice up your slide show by adding animation, motion paths, morphs, and how to work with graphic reproduction. You’ll also learn how to link and bookmark in PDF files. This is a hands-on workshop, where attendees will be “doing” as Dan “teaches.”

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

IFPS set a technical workshop for the meeting:

Monday, May 3 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM 6:30 PM - 11:00 PM Tuesday, May 4 8:00 AM - 9:00 AM 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM 12:00 PM - 12:30 PM 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM 1:30 PM - 5:00 PM 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM Wednesday, May 5 8:00 AM - 10:30 AM 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM 12:00 PM - 12:45 PM 1:00 PM - 2:30 PM 2:30 PM - 3:00 PM 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM 6:00 PM - 9:30 PM Thursday, May 6 8:00 AM - 2:00 PM * invitation only

CELEBRATING 60 YEARS

New Board Member Orientation* Board of Directors Dinner* Strategic Planning Committee Meeting Education Committee Meeting Membership Committee Meeting Hosted Lunch Membership Committee Meeting (cont’d) Certification Committee Meeting Dinner Marketing Committee Meeting Finance Committee Meeting Hosted Lunch Board of Directors Meeting Strategic Planning Committee Meeting Riverwalk Boat Tour (optional) Reception & Trivia Night Technical Workshop & Box Lunch

New!

The Trusted Prime Mover of Fluid Power Products.

Hydraulic Fluid Line Tubing Cylinder Barrels Pneumatic Cylinder Tubing Pump Barrels Honed Steel Tubing Chrome ID Tubing

CMY

Chrome OD Tubing DOM Tubing Seamless Steel Tubing Chrome Plated Piston Rods 1045 Steel Ductile Iron & Alloy

We have a massive inventory at your disposal with 5 locations across North America – most orders ship next day!

MAY 2021

FLAT FACE DESIGN “TVF” SERIES QUICK DISCONNECT • • • • •

Up to 6,000 PSI Operating Pressure—Coupled or Uncoupled Full 4:1 Safety Factor Superior Flow Characteristics—Minimal Pressure Drop RoHS Compliant Plating Multiple Port Options—Female NPTF, Female SAE O-Ring, Female BSPP, Code 61 & 62 Flange Port/Head P.O. Box 6479, Fort Worth, TX 76115 V. 817/923-1965 www.hydraulicsinc.com

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

February 2021

Newly Certified Professionals

I F P S U P D AT E

IFPS CERTIFICATION

AUTHROZED JOB PERFORMANCE PROCTOR Adam Smith, Controlled Fluids, Inc, PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST Oscar Arellano Sevilla, IMI Precision Engineering Kurt Reinschmidt, IMI Precision Engineering HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST Andoni Acosta, GCC, Inc. Dale Adams, Alfred State College Ali Ardakani, Applied Industrial Technologies Michael Floyd, GCC, Inc. Andrew Froland, Applied Industrial Technologies Joshua Jacobs, Alfred State College Nathan Miller, Alfred State College Brandon Mott, Alfred State College Chris Romaniuk, Applied Industrial Technologies Trevor Sax, Alfred State College Brett Watson, GCC, Inc.

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC Quest Duperron, Coastal Hydraulics, Inc. Chris Williams, Coastal Hydraulics, Inc. MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC Jason Carter, Altec Industries, Inc. Cody Hendrickson, Altec Industries, Inc. Scot Hollinday, Altec Industries, Inc. Cole Kielty, Altec Industries, Inc. Kevin Kruger, Altec Industries, Inc. James Pierce, Altec Industries, Inc. Andrew Trautman, Altec Industries, Inc. Jacob Vaughters, Altec Industries, Inc.

My goals are to become more well-rounded and to open more doors in the mechatronics and fluid power industries. I believe that obtaining the Hydraulic Specialist Certification and eventually obtaining the Pneumatic and Electronic Controls certifications will help to eventually fulfill the role as an engineering specialist for Heil Environmental. Eugene Elliott, Engineer I, Hydraulics, CFPHS, Heil Environmental

Your Hydraulic Motor & Gearbox Provider

610-558-0760 MAY 2021

I F P S U P D AT E

Certification Testing Locations Individuals wishing to take any IFPS written certification tests can select from convenient locations across the United States and Canada. IFPS is able to offer these locations through its affiliation with The Consortium of College Testing Centers provided by National College Testing Association. Contact headquarters if you do not see a location near you. Every effort will be made to accommodate your needs. If your test was postponed due to the pandemic, please contact headquarters so that we may reschedule.

TENTATIVE TESTING DATES FOR ALL LOCATIONS: June 2021 Tuesday 6/1 • Thursday 6/24 July 2021 Tuesday 7/13 • Thursday 7/29 August 2021 Tuesday 8/3 • Thursday 8/26 September 2021 Tuesday 9/14 • Thursday 9/30

ALABAMA Auburn, AL Birmingham, AL Calera, AL Decatur, AL Huntsville, AL Jacksonville, AL Mobile, AL Montgomery, AL Normal, AL Tuscaloosa, AL ALASKA Anchorage, AK Fairbanks, AK ARIZONA Flagstaff, AZ Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Prescott, AZ Scottsdale, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ Tempe, AZ Thatcher, AZ Tucson, AZ Yuma, AZ ARKANSAS Bentonville, AR Hot Springs, AR Little Rock, AR CALIFORNIA Aptos, CA Arcata, CA Bakersfield, CA Dixon, CA Encinitas, CA Fresno, CA Irvine, CA Marysville, CA Riverside, CA Salinas, CA San Diego, CA San Jose, CA San Luis Obispo, CA Santa Ana, CA Santa Maria, CA Santa Rosa, CA Tustin, CA Yucaipa, CA COLORADO Aurora, CO Boulder, CO Springs, CO Denver, CO Durango, CO Ft. Collins, CO Greeley, CO Lakewood, CO Littleton, CO Pueblo, CO DELAWARE Dover, DE Georgetown, DE Newark, DE FLORIDA Avon Park, FL Boca Raton, FL Cocoa, FL Davie, FL Daytona Beach, FL Fort Pierce, FL Ft. Myers, FL Gainesville, FL Jacksonville, FL Miami Gardens, FL Milton, FL New Port Richey, FL Ocala, FL Orlando, FL Panama City, FL Pembroke Pines, FL Pensacola, FL Plant City, FL Riviera Beach, FL Sanford, FL

MAY 2021

Tallahassee, FL Tampa, FL West Palm Beach, FL Wildwood, FL Winter Haven, FL GEORGIA Albany, GA Athens, GA Atlanta, GA Carrollton, GA Columbus, GA Dahlonega, GA Dublin, GA Dunwoody, GA Forest Park, GA Lawrenceville, GA Morrow, GA Oakwood, GA Savannah, GA Statesboro, GA Tifton, GA Valdosta, GA HAWAII Laie, HI IDAHO Boise, ID Coeur d ‘Alene, ID Idaho Falls, ID Lewiston, ID Moscow, ID Nampa, ID Rexburg, ID Twin Falls, ID ILLINOIS Carbondale, IL Carterville, IL Champaign, IL Decatur, IL Edwardsville, IL Glen Ellyn, IL Joliet, IL Malta, IL Normal, IL Peoria, IL Schaumburg, IL Springfield, IL University Park, IL INDIANA Bloomington, IN Columbus, IN Evansville, IN Fort Wayne, IN Gary, IN Indianapolis, IN Kokomo, IN Lafayette, IN Lawrenceburg, IN Madison, IN Muncie, IN New Albany, IN Richmond, IN Sellersburg, IN South Bend, IN Terre Haute, IN IOWA Ames, IA Cedar Rapids, IA Iowa City, IA Ottumwa, IA Sioux City, IA Waterloo, IA KANSAS Kansas City, KS Lawrence, KS Manhattan, KS Wichita, KS KENTUCKY Ashland, KY Bowling Green, KY Erlanger, KY Highland Heights, KY Louisville, KY Morehead, KY

LOUISIANA Bossier City, LA Lafayette, LA Monroe, LA Natchitoches, LA New Orleans, LA Shreveport, LA Thibodaux, LA MARYLAND Arnold, MD Bel Air, MD College Park, MD Frederick, MD Hagerstown, MD La Plata, MD Westminster, MD Woodlawn, MD Wye Mills, MD MASSACHUSETTS Boston, MA Bridgewater, MA Danvers, MA Haverhill, MA Holyoke, MA Shrewsbury, MA MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, MI Big Rapids, MI Chesterfield, MI Dearborn, MI Dowagiac, MI East Lansing, MI Flint, MI Grand Rapids, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Livonia, MI Mount Pleasant, MI Sault Ste. Marie, M Troy, MI University Center, MI Warren, MI MINNESOTA Alexandria, MN Brooklyn Park, MN Duluth, MN Eden Prairie, MN Granite Falls, MN Mankato, MN MISSISSIPPI Goodman, MS Jackson, MS Mississippi State, MS Raymond, MS University, MS MISSOURI Berkley, MO Cape Girardeau, MO Columbia, MO Cottleville, MO Joplin, MO Kansas City, MO Kirksville, MO Park Hills, MO Poplar Bluff, MO Rolla, MO Sedalia, MO Springfield, MO St. Joseph, MO St. Louis, MO Warrensburg, MO MONTANA Bozeman, MT Missoula, MT NEBRASKA Lincoln, NE North Platte, NE Omaha, NE NEVADA Henderson, NV Las Vegas, NV North Las Vegas, NV Winnemucca, NV

CELEBRATING 60 YEARS

NEW JERSEY Branchburg, NJ Cherry Hill, NJ Lincroft, NJ Sewell, NJ Toms River, NJ West Windsor, NJ NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, NM Clovis, NM Farmington, NM Portales, NM Santa Fe, NM NEW YORK Alfred, NY Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY Garden City, NY New York, NY Rochester, NY Syracuse, NY NORTH CAROLINA Apex, NC Asheville, NC Boone, NC Charlotte, NC China Grove, NC Durham, NC Fayetteville, NC Greenville, NC Jamestown, NC Misenheimer, NC Mount Airy, NC Pembroke, NC Raleigh, NC Wilmington, NC NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck, ND OHIO Akron, OH Cincinnati, OH Cleveland, OH Columbus, OH Fairfield, OH Findlay, OH Kirtland, OH Lima, OH Maumee, OH Newark, OH North Royalton, OH Rio Grande, OH Toledo, OH Warren, OH Youngstown, OH OKLAHOMA Altus, OK Bethany, OK Edmond, OK Norman, OK Oklahoma City, OK Tonkawa, OK Tulsa, OK OREGON Bend, OR Coos Bay, OR Eugene, OR Gresham, OR Klamath Falls, OR Medford, OR Oregon City, OR Portland, OR White City, OR PENNSYLVANIA Bloomsburg, PA Blue Bell, PA Gettysburg, PA Harrisburg, PA Lancaster, PA Newtown, PA Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA Wilkes-Barre, PA York, PA

SOUTH CAROLINA Beaufort, SC Charleston, SC Columbia, SC Conway, SC Graniteville, SC Greenville, SC Greenwood, SC Orangeburg, SC Rock Hill, SC Spartanburg, SC TENNESSEE Blountville, TN Clarksville, TN Collegedale, TN Gallatin, TN Johnson City, TN Knoxville, TN Memphis, TN Morristown, TN Murfreesboro, TN Nashville, TN TEXAS Abilene, TX Arlington, TX Austin, TX Beaumont, TX Brownsville, TX Commerce, TX Corpus Christi, TX Dallas, TX Denison, TX El Paso, TX Houston, TX Huntsville, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX Lufkin, TX Mesquite, TX San Antonio, TX Victoria, TX Waxahachie, TX Weatherford, TX Wichita Falls, TX UTAH Cedar City, UT Kaysville, UT Logan, UT Ogden, UT Orem, UT Salt Lake City, UT VIRGINIA Daleville, VA Fredericksburg, VA Lynchburg, VA Manassas, VA Norfolk, VA Roanoke, VA Salem, VA Staunton, VA Suffolk, VA Virginia Beach, VA Wytheville, VA WASHINGTON Auburn, WA Bellingham, WA Bremerton, WA Ellensburg, WA Ephrata, WA Olympia, WA Pasco, WA Rockingham, WA Seattle, WA Shoreline, WA Spokane, WA WEST VIRGINIA Ona, WV WISCONSIN La Crosse, WI Milwaukee, WI Mukwonago, WI

WYOMING Casper, WY Laramie, WY Torrington, WY CANADA ALBERTA Calgary, AB Edmonton, AB Fort McMurray, AB Lethbridge, AB Lloydminster, AB Olds, AB Red Deer, AB BRITISH COLUMBIA Abbotsford, BC Burnaby, BC Castlegar, BC Delta, BC Kamloops, BC Nanaimo, BC Prince George, BC Richmond, BC Surrey, BC Vancouver, BC Victoria, BC MANITOBA Brandon, MB Winnipeg, MB NEW BRUNSWICK Bathurst, NB Moncton, NB NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR St. John’s, NL NOVA SCOTIA Halifax, NS ONTARIO Brockville, ON Hamilton, ON London, ON Milton, ON Mississauga, ON Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON North Bay, ON North York, ON Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON Welland, ON Windsor, ON QUEBEC Côte Saint-Luc, QB Montreal, QB SASKATCHEWAN Melfort, SK Moose Jaw, SK Nipawin, SK Prince Albert, SK Saskatoon, SK YUKON TERRITORY Whitehorse, YU UNITED KINGDOM Elgin, UK GHAZNI Kingdom of Bahrain, GHA Thomasville, GHA EGYPT Cairo, EG JORDAN Amman, JOR NEW ZEALAND Taradale, NZ

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

AVAILABLE IFPS CERTIFICATIONS CFPAI Certified Fluid Power Accredited Instructor CFPAJPP Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor CFPAJPPCC Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor Connector & Conductor CFPE Certified Fluid Power Engineer CFPS Certified Fluid Power Specialist (Must Obtain CFPHS & CFPPS) CFPHS Certified Fluid Power Hydraulic Specialist CFPPS Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Specialist CFPECS Certified Fluid Power Electronic Controls Specialist CFPMT Certified Fluid Power Master Technician (Must Obtain CFPIHT, CFPMHT, & CFPPT) CFPIHT Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Technician CFPMHT Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Technician CFPPT Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Technician CFPMM Certified Fluid Power Master Mechanic (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPMHM, & CFPPM) CFPIHM Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Mechanic CFPMHM Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic CFPPM Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Mechanic CFPMIH Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPIHT, & CFPCC) CFPMMH Certified Fluid Power Master of Mobile Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPMHM, CFPMHT, & CFPCC) CFPMIP Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Pneumatics (Must Obtain CFPPM, CFPPT, & CFPCC) CFPCC Certified Fluid Power Connector & Conductor CFPSD Fluid Power System Designer CFPMEC (In Development) Mobile Electronic Controls CFPIEC (In Development) Industrial Electronic Controls

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Tentative Certification Review Training IFPS offers onsite review training for small groups of at least 10 persons. An IFPS accredited instructor visits your company to conduct the review. Contact kpollander@ifps.org for details of the scheduled onsite reviews listed below. HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST CERTIFICATION REVIEW September 13-16, 2021 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written test: September 16, 2021 September 27-30, 2021 - Milwaukee, WI, MSOE | Written test: September 30, 2021 PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST July 27-29, 2021 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written test: July 29, 2021 ELECTRONIC CONTROLS CERTIFICATION REVIEW August 9-12, 2021 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written test: August 12, 2021 CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR CERTIFICATION REVIEW November 16-17, 2021 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written and JP test: November 18, 2021 MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC CERTIFICATION REVIEW Online Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic Certification Review (for written test) offered through info@cfcindustrialtraining.com. This course takes you through all chapters of the MHM Study Manual (6.5 hours) and every outcome to prepare you for the written MHM test. Members receive 20% off. (Test fees are additional - separate registration required.) August 30 - September 1, 2021 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written and JP test: September 2, 2021 INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC CERTIFICATION June 14 - 16, 2021 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written and JP test: June 17, 2021 INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING Call for dates. Phone: 513-874-3225 - CFC Industrial Training, Fairfield, Ohio MOBILE HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING Call for dates. Phone: 513-874-3225 - CFC Industrial Training, Fairfield, Ohio PNEUMATIC TECHNICIAN and PNEUMATIC MECHANIC CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING Call for dates. Phone: 513-874-3225 - CFC Industrial Training, Fairfield, Ohio JOB PERFORMANCE TRAINING Online Job Performance Review - CFC Industrial Training offers online JP Reviews which includes stations 1-6 of the IFPS mechanic and technician job performance tests. Members may e-mail askus@ifps.org for a 20% coupon code off the list price or get the code in our Members Only area for the entire IFPS Job Performance Review; test not included. LIVE DISTANCE LEARNING JOB PERFORMANCE STATION REVIEW E-mail info@cfcindustrialtraining.com for information.

MAY 2021

he number of motorized vessels has remained steady over recent years, with an estimated 2.9 million operating globally in 2018 despite efforts to reduce fleet sizes, notably in Europe in 2000 and China in 2013. At the same time, the overall development of capture fisheries has resulted in the use of fewer fishing boats, making efficiency more crucial than ever to maximize productivity while at sea. Reliability and uptime are also vital to revenue. Shipbuilders rely on rugged and dependable products when building new vessels or repairing existing ones.

MODULARITY Hooks Scandinavian Fishing Trawlers By Benny Hansen, Senior Account Manager, Danfoss Power Solutions

For the last 40 years, Danish shipbuilder Thyborøn Skibs and Motor A/S has built and repaired fishing vessels for fishing fleets worldwide. Toward the end of the 1970s, the company decided to take a modular approach to creating new fishing vessels to operate in the harsh environment of the North Sea. The benefits of this tactic are twofold. It enables the latest digital technology to be incorporated into the boats, and it is relatively simple for customers to implement the technology without significant redesigns.

Modular products Danfoss Power Solutions provides several components for the Thyborørn Skibs and Motor shipyard, including valves, pumps, motors, and joysticks. The shipbuilder has installed Danfoss hydraulic systems on countless ships, the latest being the new Sulehav fishing vessel. The 34 x 10-meter (111 x 33-foot) breadth ship operates in the North Sea along the Norwegian Coast and can carry up to 40 tons of fish. 24

MAY 2021

With a coastline stretching more than 83,000 km (51,573 miles), Norway is one of the world’s leading fishing nations. The country’s vast marine areas, including many fjords and islands, provide ideal conditions for aquaculture production and are among the most productive globally. Despite this, the number of fishers and registered vessels has sharply dropped since 2000 due to regulations and quotas. To ensure the highest productivity, when it’s at sea, Sulehav is managed by six persons. Its total crew is twelve working rotationally for four weeks on and four weeks off. This arrangement means that Sulehav can operate all year round – except for a Christmas break – ensuring that it brings in significant revenues.

Flexibility in hydraulic system design Danfoss’s portfolio of valves includes the high-flow PVG 128 and PVG 256 models, which have a flow of up to 1,200 liters (317 gallons) per minute and pressure of 420 bar (6,091 psi). The high-flow range of valves offer

greater flexibility in system design. This kind of flow is especially suited for fishing vessels that perform many functions at the same time. Valves allow thrusters, net drums, and winches of various sizes to perform different tasks and cylinder functions on the boats. The PVG 32, PVG 128, and PVG 256 valves control up to 30 functions on ships built or repaired by Thyborøn Skibs and Motor. The PVG 32 model has been a popular valve for over 30 years, largely due to its modularity, as it can be designed in millions of different combinations. Danfoss can create a valve that fits precisely to a customer’s individual needs and demands. The PVG 32 valve is suitable for applications across the marine, mobile, and industrial markets. The valve can be easily integrated with the newer PVG 128 and PVG 256 valves to create a combined valve stack. Each section of a valve stack controls a different function on the Thyborøn Skibs and Motor vessels. The PVG 128 and PVG 256 models can be engaged with up to WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

500 liters (132 gallons) per section, when higher flow and pressure are required for functions such as thrusters and rope winches, while the PVG 32 can be used when a flow of a maximum of 130 liters (34 gallons) per minute is needed for tasks undertaken by small winches, brakes, and cranes. Any combination of the three valve models is possible, with valve stacks of up to 10 sections in use on ships built or repaired by Thyborøn Skibs and Motor. Danfoss PVG valves can be controlled manually by a handle or electronically via a proportional valve electrical actuator controller. The dual control provides security to vessel operators. If, for whatever reason, the electronics won’t work at sea, they can still manually use the valve. Because the Danfoss valves and actuators are modular, they are easily interchanged or upgraded without replacing the entire valve stack. This makes it easier to perform repairs at sea, which is a significant benefit for operators, as every hour spent at the dock rather than fishing equals lost revenue. Furthermore, as digitalization continues to advance, shipbuilders such as Thyborøn Skibs and Motor can easily replace the actuators with the latest technology, enabling even more precise control.

in marine applications, the display underwent salt mist and IP66/67 testing to hold up to the high seas and all weather conditions with the same viewability and reliability as seen in applications in other sectors, such as off-highway. The DM430M display operates digitally, allowing up to six extra inputs to be added without an additional I/O module. The display can be paired with other Danfoss propulsion systems on the navigation bridge, cranes, winches, or other areas.

A changing industry The marine sector is under constant pressure to modernize and become more efficient. Global organizations and government bodies constantly increase the number of regulations relating to areas such as fishing and emissions. Switching to alternative, cleaner modes of power such as hydrogen or electrification may not yet make commercial sense for some shipyards and operators. However, it is clear that the vast majority are looking for ways to improve the efficiency of vessels without requiring massive alterations to existing designs. Unlocking the power of modularity could pave the way for greater standardization across the industry. 

High-level steering system The Sulehav fishing trawler also uses ergonomic PVREL joysticks, which are capable of withstanding saltwater and the harsh conditions often found on deck. These joysticks feature a built-in switch for external equipment and can directly control the PVG valves. The PVREL joystick forms part of a sophisticated onboard steering system capable of handling all functions on the ship directly from the wheelhouse. Danfoss offers a number of other products for marine applications. The D1P axial piston pump integrates with the load-sensing PVG valves. A load-sensing LS hydraulic hose connects the D1P pump and PVG valves. When the PVG valves activate, a signal sent through the LS line tells the D1P pump exactly how much oil and pressure the operator needs and regulates this demand. One of the latest additions to Danfoss’s range of marine products is the PLUS+1 DM430M display, which comes precertified by the American Bureau of Shipping (see article on page 8). This certification means that customers do not need to independently test and document its performance, significantly streamlining its time to market. The display also meets strict electromagnetic emissions requirements. Specifically designed for use WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Precision Machining for Quality Hydraulics Contact us today 419.496.0964, ext. 203 Sales@TahomaEngineeredSolutions.com ISO 9001:2015 532 County Road 1600 • Ashland, Ohio 44805

MAY 2021

COVER STORY

ROVs

THE WORKHORSE OF SUBSEA HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

By Steve Barrow, Regional Sales Manager, Wandfluh of America

Figure 1: A workclass remotely operated vehicle.

on-deck vehicle function and flushes the system of water after a dive. A crane lowers subsea hardware or tooling to the ROV. All this equipment must be robust, reliable, and able to function in corrosive and sometimes explosive environments.

Reliability

Offshore and subsea equipment faces challenges unparalleled in other industries. Difficulties can include crushing ambient pressures, corrosive environments, and remote locations. Why would anyone choose to work in such difficult and harsh conditions? Since 71% of the earth is covered in water, humans have learned to work in and around it. The market for subsea equipment is large and includes alternative energy, oil and gas, military, fishing, and scientific. Valves are critical to the operation of subsea hydraulic equipment.Valves used offshore and subsea must have exceptional reliability, operate precisely and responsively, be compatible with a wide range of fluids, include corrosion protection, and be compatible with electronic control systems.

Hydraulic systems on ROVs Though many types of subsea equipment use hydraulic power, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) 26

MAY 2021

offer an excellent example of complex mobile electrohydraulic subsea systems. These robotic systems work in depths unsafe for human divers or in hazardous polluted environments such as those created by maritime disasters. ROV equipment can operate at depths greater than 13,000 feet (4,000 meters). ROV hydraulic components require special modifications to withstand the rapid pressure change from sea level to the abyss, where the ambient pressure exceeds 6,000 psi (414 bar). Most work-class ROVs use hydraulic power for primary operational equipment, including thrusters, manipulators (robotic arms), and auxiliary tooling. An onboard hydraulic power unit (HPU) typically provides hydraulic power in the range of 150 to 250 horsepower. The HPU runs on electricity transmitted from a surface vessel to the ROV through an electrical “umbilical” cable. A proportional pressure-relief cartridge controls the output pressure of the variable displacement pump providing hydraulic power throughout the system.

As is true for most offshore equipment, minimizing the size and weight of ROV equipment is critical to its successful function. Hydraulic systems offer an excellent powerto-weight ratio (power density) in the smallest possible mechanical envelope. Higher pressures allow the use of smaller hydraulic actuators and components, which in turn limits the total volume of hydraulic fluid required for the system. Both factors reduce system weight. For safety, longevity, and reliability on these high-cost vehicles, the hydraulic valves must be fully compatible with the subsea operating environment. Special features such as pressure compensation ensure proper operation at extreme depths. Hydraulic fluids must tolerate water ingression – an accepted inevitability for subsea operations – and support long-term environmental friendliness (figure 1). Critical hydraulic equipment is not limited to the subsea vehicle. The host vessel has a launch-and-recovery system that includes a high-tension winch. Because the ROV’s watercooled electric motor would overheat very quickly in air, a deck HPU tests

Equipment reliability is critical to the cost-effective operation of subsea hydraulic equipment. For example, to accomplish their tasks, ROVs frequently remain submerged for weeks without maintenance. If a system failure occurs and an ROV must be recovered for repair, it takes about eight hours to raise the ROV to the surface vessel and return it to a depth of 13,000 feet (4,000 meters). Repairing the failed components takes additional time, and the limited availability of spare parts in the middle of the ocean can make repairs difficult or even impossible. If the ROV’s task is critical to the vessel’s mission, the down ROV can bring the vessel and crew to a standstill. Because reliability of hydraulic components is critical to operations in subsea systems, Wandfluh tests valve products to ten million cycles of service life. Wandfluh designs and manufactures solenoids in house to ensure quality and conformity to subsea specifications and standards. The solenoid tube assembly, critical for smooth valve operation, is constructed of the highest quality materials. It is also designed to ensure the strongest magnetic field at the lowest power levels, resulting in reduced hysteresis.

Pressure compensation Although oil is generally considered incompressible, oil and the gas molecules entrained within the oil do compress slightly under high pressure. Compressibility varies

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Figure 2: K10 corrosion protection.

by fluid type and other factors, but a common rule of thumb is that oil compresses 0.5% per 1,000 psi (69 bar). This compression, at an ambient pressure of 6,000 psi (414 bar), produces a volumetric change of 3%. Temperature difference between the deck of the surface vessel and the ocean depths exacerbates this volume change. Without compensating for the volumetric change inside an enclosure, stresses build that could cause the equipment to deform or implode. To allow for volume changes, Wandfluh modifies the solenoid housing and coil in its valves to allow small amounts of oil to pass freely, preventing differential pressures. Electronics testing ensures that they can withstand cycling of ambient temperature and pressure as the hydraulic equipment repeatedly descends and returns to the surface.

Efficiency and responsiveness The inherent design of a spool valve allows controlled leakage around the spool to reduce friction and improve response time and performance. However, this leakage can reduce the valve’s efficiency and reduce the amount of fluid available for system functions. Wandfluh designs spool valves with tight tolerances and precision finishing processes that reduce leakage rates, resulting in greater efficiency and greater fluid availability. The increased efficiency allows a smaller pump to provide weight reduction and additional cost savings.

Proportional spool valves commonly control the precision motion of an ROV’s manipulators. The manipulators can be powerful, capable of lifting more than 500 pounds (225 kg) in air, but they must also be responsive, with smooth, refined control that allows the ROV to adjust sensitive components on subsea equipment. Wandfluh’s compact NG3 Mini WDPFA03 or the larger flow NG6/CETOP3 WDPFA06 proportional directional control valves are commonly used for manipulator control and auxiliary tooling functions. ROVs are propelled through water by a set of seven or eight powerful thrusters mounted on the ROV frame, with each thruster driven by a hydraulic motor. Some ROV manufacturers use Wandfluh’s proportional D05 directional valves to control the speed and direction of flow for each thruster. Other manufacturers control the torque at each thruster using a pair of MVPPM33 proportional pressure-reducing and pressure-relieving valves. Both methods enable moving the ROV through the water with precise vertical and horizontal positioning.

To meet the demands of subsea hydraulic systems that use environmental fluids, Wandfluh developed the Z595 valve, a special design with new materials and construction techniques. The internal components of these valves use various grades and hardness of stainless steel to prevent galling. They are compatible with fire-resistant HFC and HFA fluids as well as water-glycol-based fluids with water content as high as 95%. Optimized spool design, offering higher resistance to internal cavitation caused by the lower-viscosity fluids at high pressure, extends the valve’s life.

Valve packs Subsea valve packs commonly consist of valves installed into a manifold. Solenoid valves and an electronic communication and control card are enclosed in an oil-filled housing to prevent water from directly contacting the valves and coils. CETOP and sandwich valves allow each stack to be customized with valves of differing sizes and functions, as shown in the photograph below. Proportional control of flow rate/direction and pressure is available. Pilot-operated and cross-pilot control valves can also be installed.

Hydraulic fluid compatibility Hydraulic fluid for subsea equipment needs to meet standard terrestrial requirements such as wear reduction, lubricity, viscosity range, and environmental friendliness, but it must also allow some tolerance to water ingression. In recent years, industries have increasingly turned to more environmentally friendly and fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, but these fluids pose significant challenges due to their lower lubricity, reduced corrosion inhibitors, and lower viscosity. Some of these fluids have high water content, making standard valves unsuitable in terms of useful lifetime, safety, reliability, and cost effectiveness.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Subsea valve pack with the enclosure cover removed, showing a variety of valves and an electronic control card.

Cartridge valves installed on the lower faces of the manifold, outside the oil-filled protective enclosure, allow easy access for manual adjustments. The external faces of these valves are directly exposed to seawater. Support equipment on the deck of a vessel is continuously exposed to the harsh marine environment. Valves on this equipment require materials and coatings specially designed for these conditions.

Corrosion protection Wandfluh’s protection options safeguard valves against corrosion. Standard K8 protection on valves uses a zinc-nickel coating on the valve body and solenoid housing exterior, with zinc-coated fasteners. K8 valves rate highly, with n>500 hours of rust protection in the globally accepted ISO 9227 standards for red-rust, salt-spray tests. The K9 valves use high-grade AISI 316L acid-resistant stainless steel for the external valve components and zinc-nickel coating for the solenoid housing. K9 valves have a rust protection rating of n>1,000 hours in testing. K10 valves offer the highest level of corrosion protection. All external elements of K10 valves, including the solenoid housing, are made of high-grade stainless steels. K10 valves also have the superior rating of n>1,000 hours of rust protection (figure 2).

Electronic control Precision electronic control systems achieve wide versatility and optimal control of hydraulic systems. Amplifier or controller electronics mounted directly onboard the solenoids control the solenoid valves. They can also be wired to pressure-tolerant, smart-valve pack control cards, controlled through serial (RS-232/485), ethernet, or CAN bus communications. Multiple electrical connection styles on the solenoid include the popular DIN 43650-A/ISO 4400, Deutsch, AMP Junior Timer, and Phoenix connectors, as well as flying leads. Because of their low profiles, flying leads save space. But if the leads are damaged close to the solenoid, repair may not be possible. The small Phoenix connectors provide a good compromise between space savings and component protection. Valves are critical to operating hydraulic subsea equipment. Many field-proven standard options become building blocks that create the exact solution for a challenging application. 

MAY 2021

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

SPECIAL AD SECTION

Go ahead. Push me. Ordinary heavy duty not heavy enough? Heavy-Duty Mill Cylinders for:

Cordis Electronic Proportional Pressure Controls Known for reliability, innovation and focus on miniature pneumatics, Clippard’s new revolutionary micro-controllers utilize the proven EVP and DVP lines of Clippard proportional valves allowing for steady, repeatable downstream pressure as demand or processes change. The result, a precise, linear digital pressure control within a closed-loop system with ultra high resolution (≤5 mV) and repeatability. Made in the USA.

• Induction-Hardened, Chrome-Plated Rods • Heavy Wall Tubing • Replaceable Glands & Retainer Rings • High-Load Piston Design Think indestructible and call Yates. www.yatesind.com Yates Industries (HQ) 586.778.7680 Yates Cylinders Alabama 256.351.8081 Yates Cylinders Georgia 678.355.2240 Yates Cylinders Ohio 513.217.6777

www.clippard.com

Protection for All Things Hydraulic, Pneumatic and Fluid Power

Modular Connectors Inserta® Code 61 and Code 62 4-Bolt Modular Connectors can be customized with optional outlets in order to add flexibility and compactness to piping systems. Reduced size flange patterns can be provided on side outlets. Threaded SAE O-ring and NPTF pipe ports are also available on these steel modules. Gauge and test ports can be provided on any custom or standard modular connector. Delivery on small quantities is typically less than one week.

MOCAP manufactures an extensive range of protective closures to guard pipes, hoses, and hydraulic fittings from dirt, moisture, and damage to help maintain equipment reliability. Included are a variety of sizes and styles of Threaded and Non-Threaded plastic Caps and Plugs for Metric, NPT, BSP, JIC and SAE Threaded Connections, Ports and Fittings. These are in addition to MOCAP’s already extensive lines of low-cost Caps, Plugs, Grips, Netting, Tubing and Tapes for general Product Protection, Finishing and Masking. All of our stocked items are ready for immediate shipment and available in Box, Mini-Pack and Micro-Pack quantities. Free Samples are always available for testing purposes.

sales@mocap.com www.mocap.com

Inserta® Products • Blue Bell, PA www.inserta.com • 215.643.0192

MAY 2021

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

SPECIAL AD SECTION

New—Flat Face Design "TVF" Series Quick Disconnect • Up to 6,000 PSI Operating Pressure— Coupled or Uncoupled • Full 4:1 Safety Factor • Superior Flow Characteristics—Minimal Pressure Drop • RoHS Compliant Plating • Multiple Port Options—Female NPTF, Female SAE O-Ring, Female BSPP, Code 61 & 62 Flange Port/Head P.O. Box 6479 • Fort Worth, TX 76115 817.923.1965 • www.hydraulicsinc.com

50-Year Market Leadership in Mounting Parts for Pneumatic Cylinders NR Pneumatics USA specializes in mounting parts for pneumatic cylinders. All products are made in Italy by NR Nisoli, a market leader in Europe since 1968. We stock aluminum, steel, and stainless steel products under ISO and NFPA regulations. We offer quality, service, and customized solutions.

Now Available! Full MTRs and Lot Traceability MAIN Manufacturing Products, Inc. now offers full MTRs and lot traceability on all common flanges. Carbon, stainless, and copper-nickel alloy are available. If not part of our 7000+ in-stock products, MAIN can manufacture and ship quickly. 4-5 days is common from our US facility. MAIN Manufacturing Products, Inc. 800.521.7918 info@mainmfg.com

Join a reliable partner. Visit www.nrpneumatics.com.

Liquid Level Switches

Electric Clutches for Pumps Ogura produces a wide variety of electric clutches for mobile applications. These clutches provide simple on/off operation for a variety of pumps. Remotely engaging the pump through the clutch reduces drag on engine start-up, increases pump-life and allows multiple pumps to be used off one engine. Various belt types as well as pump shafts can be accommodated.

Ogura Industrial Corp. 100 Randolph Road • Somerset, New Jersey 08873 Phone: 732-271-7361 • Fax: 732-271-7580 www.ogura-clutch.com • info@ogura-clutch.com

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Liquid Level Switches are designed to shut down machinery or turn on warning devices when liquid supply recedes to a predetermined level. They can be wired to flash warning lights, sound howlers, shut down machines, or signal computers. This is especially helpful in unattended automated plants. Available with a housing for external mounting or without housing for internal applications. Oil-Rite Corporation PO Box 1207 Manitwoc WI 54221-1207 Phone: (920) 682-6173 Email: sales@oilrite.com www.oilrite.com

MAY 2021

SPECIAL AD SECTION

Marine Duty Electric Clutches Ogura electromagnetic clutches provide a quick and easy engagement of a hydraulic pump, winch drives or other marine components. Available torque range is 100 pound feet to 1500 pound feet with single-face friction designs. Multiple disk units can generate torques over 8,000 pound feet. Large bearings, e-coating and a single piece bi-directional spring provide durability in harsh environments.

Ogura Industrial Corp. 100 Randolph Road • Somerset, New Jersey 08873 Phone: 732-271-7361 • Fax: 732-271-7580 www.ogura-clutch.com • info@ogura-clutch.com

Adaconn® Unified Series Flange Adapters The domestic AdaflangeTM Unified Code 61 4- bolt flange adapters are one piece steel construction. ‘Jump Size’ JIC adapters are available in most sizes to closely match adapter flow porting with the mating flange port. Jump Size, Size-on-Size, and Reducing Sizes are available as off-the-shelf standards, in stock and ready to ship. The flange width is minimized, corresponding to the minimum pad width of SAE J518-1. As a result, weight is reduced, and very compact manifold and component porting can be made, requiring only simple drill and tap operations, and eliminating the need for cavity form tools. These may be used advantageously with reduced width Unified Series Modular Fittings by Inserta®. ADACONN® • Blue Bell, Pennsylvania www.adaconn.com • 215.643.1900

FluiDyne Fluid Power Stocks A4V Piston Pumps & Parts

Contact us to showcase your products and services in the Product Spotlight. This special section is a high-profile area offering productspecific advertising. Visit fluidpowerjournal.com for more information or to view our media guide.

FluiDyne carries a complete line of A4V piston pumps that are available in displacement of: 40, 71, 125, 180, 250. Our units are used in many different applications: agriculture, forestry machinery, construction, on-highway, commercial vehicles, offshore, marine, wind/ocean energy, automotive and more.

Genuine Donaldson Internormen-Eaton Velcon-Parker We're hydraulic filter experts. We've been doing it for over 30 years. We're very competitive and happy to serve your needs. If you need hydraulic filter application help, we know the right questions, and we can give you the right answers. J/T Hydraulics & Service Co. Inc. 1601 W. 25th Street • Houston, TX 77008 Local: 713.984.9727 • Toll Free: 800.591.8280 Fax: 713.861.2250 • www.jthydraulics.com

MAY 2021

Controls include: DR, DRG, FR, FRG, DFR, and LR2. They are available in SAE or metric. The versatile A4V units carry the industry leading 18 month warranty. Units are fully tested, documented and guaranteed to perform 100% to the original manufacturer’s specification. Call, email, chat…we’re ready to help!

586.296.7200 • sales@fluidynefp.com www.fluidynefp.com

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

CL ASSIFIEDS

P RO D U C T R E V I E W

ASG Announces Subsea Position Sensors ALLIANCE SENSORS GROUP recently announced its SSx-7 series of LVIT subsea position sensors. Available in full-scale ranges from as short as 1 inch (25 mm) up to 36 inches (914 mm), these devices are constructed of AISI 316 stainless steel to operate at depths of 10,000 feet (3,000 meters). The SSx-7 body style easily fits into an SAE O-ring port in the end of a hydraulic cylinder and is terminated with the popular microcircular subsea connector. Offered with common analog voltage or current loop outputs, standard SSx-7 series position sensors are good solutions for subsea applications like choke actuators in a PBOF environment, BOP sealing or shearing ram positions, annular BOP seal compression piston, ROV electric and hydraulic actuators, and hydraulic cylinder position sensing. Because some subsea position measurements may require a customized sensor to meet application-specific requirements, ASG offers short-run sensor customization. For more information, call (856) 727-0250 or visit www.alliancesensors.com.

WANTED SURPLUS

Pumps · Motors · Valves · Servo/Proportional

Email, call or fax with a list of your Surplus. We’ll provide you with a price offer! 1-800-422-4279 | 586-949-4240 Fax: 586-949-5302 | surplus@hydraulex.com

HYDRAULIC FLANGES and COMPONENTS THE “SPECIAL” YOU WANT IS PROBABLY ON OUR SHELVES MAIN Mfg. Products, Inc. 800.521.7918 fax 810.953.1385 www.MAINMFG.com/fpj

IN STOCK FROM 25MM TO 80MM MANY COVERS IN STOCK • Pressure, Flow, Directional • Large Flow 90° Valves

almomanifold.com

• Single DIN blocks • Active Valves • Monitored Poppets

Phone: 989.984.0800 Toll Free: 1.877.ALMO. NOW Fax: 989.984.0830

ADVERTISER INDEX Company.............................................................Page........................ Phone......................................................... Web ACE Pumps....................................................................9, 12............... 800-843-2293..................................... www.acepumps.com Bimba Manufacturing Company..................... Back Cover............... 800-442-4622.............................................www.bimba.com CFC-Solar.......................................................................... 11............ 1-513-874-3225...............................cfcindustrialtraining.com Clippard Instrument Lab Inc........................................... 28............... 877-245-6247..........................................www.clippard.com EUFMC 2021..................................................................... 13.....................................................................................www.eufmc.com Flange Lock...................................................................6, 12............... 203-861-9400......................................www.flangelock.com Fluidyne Fluid Power..................................Inside Back, 30............... 586-296-7200 ..................................... www.fluidynefp.com Hydraulex.......................................................................3, 12............ 1-800-323-8416.......................................www.hydraulex.com Hydraulics International Inc...............................................5............... 818-407-3400........................................www.hiipumps.com Hydraulics, Inc............................................................ 20, 29............... 817-923-1965.................................www.hydraulicsinc.com Inserta Products......................................................... 28, 30............... 215-643-0192 ...........................................www.inserta.com J/T Hydraulics & Service Co........................................... 30............... 800-591-8280....................................www.jthydraulics.com La-Man Corp..................................................................... 12............... 800-348-2463 ............................................www.laman.com Lubriplate, Inc................................................... Inside Front............... 800-733-4755........................................www.lubriplate.com Main Manufacturing Products Inc....................... 5, 13, 29............ 1-800-521-7918..................................www.mainmfg.com/fpj MOCAP INC...................................................................... 28............... 800-633-6775 ...........................................www.mocap.com National Tube Supply....................................................7, 20............... 800-229-6872.......................www.nationaltubesupply.com NR Pneumatics USA.................................................. 18, 29............... 718-522-5575................................www.nrpneumatics.com Ogura Industrial Corp................................................ 29, 30............... 732-271-7361..................................www.ogura-clutch.com Oil-Rite Corp................................................................ 13, 29............... 920-682-6173.............................................. www.oilrite.com Tahoma Engineered Solutions, Inc................................ 25............... 419-496-0964.......www.tahomaengineeredsolutions.com Yates Industries Inc......................................................1, 28............... 586-778-7680.........................................www.yatesind.com Young Powertech, Inc................................................ 13, 21............... 610-558-0760.......................... www.youngpowertech.com WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

HIGH FLOW PROPORTIONAL FLOW CONTROL • 16MM to 50mm • Standard ISO 7368 and DIN 24342 cavity • High performance 5,000 psi • On board amplifier • 0-10 volt command

almomanifold.com

Phone: 989.984.0800 Toll Free: 1.877.ALMO. NOW Fax: 989.984.0830

The correct answers to Test Your Skills on page 18 are 1.c and 2.a.

We want to hear

YOU!

Take the 2021 salary survey by visiting

fluidpowerjournal.com/2021-survey.

MAY 2021

SUBSCRIBE BY MAIL FILL OUT THIS CARD COMPLETELY, DETACH, AND MAIL OR FAX IT TO START YOUR SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO: PO BOX 2548 • ORLANDO, FL 32802-9830 • FAX: 1-866-207-1450 YOU CAN ALSO SUBSCRIBE ONLINE AT WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM. 01  YES! Please start/continue my complimentary subscription to the Fluid Power Journal Signature (required)

Title (required)

Date (required)

Telephone

Fax

E-mail

02  NO. Not interested. /

Please Type or Print Clearly: First Name

Middle Initial

Last Name

Company

Division

Web Address

Address

Mail Stop

City

State

Zip Code

 Check here if you would like to keep your name, address, phone and fax numbers confidential, and not released to third parties The address above is my:  Home Address  Business Address Which edition would you like to receive?  Print  Digital  Both (View a sample of our PAPERLESS digital edition at www.fluidpowerjournal.com) 1. Do you specify, select or influence the purchase of components & systems, on new or existing machinery? If yes, which technologies? (check all that apply) 05  Hydraulic 06  Pneumatic 07  Vacuum 08  Electronic Controls

03  Yes

04  No.

09  None of These

2. What is your primary job title? (check only one) 10  Administration: Chairman, President, V.P., Secretary, Treasury, General Manager, Owner, Business Manager, Director, etc. 11  Plant Operations: VP of Manufacturing/ Operation/ Production, Plant Management/ Director/ Manager/ Supervisor/ Superintendent/ Foreman/ Safety Director, etc. 12  Engineering: V.P. Eng., Eng., Design Eng., Director of Eng., Staff Specialist, Chief Eng., Senior Eng., Maintenance/Production Eng., etc. 13  Technical: Chief Tech., Fluid Power Tech., etc. 14  Mechanical: Chief Master Mech., Master Mech., Fluid Power Mech., etc. 15  Purchasing: VP/Director of Purch., Procurement Manager, Buyer, Purch., etc. 16  Other: (please specify)_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Number of employees at this location? A  1-19 B  20-49 C  50-99

D  100-249

E  250-499

F  500-999

4. What is the primary business activity at this location? In the Fluid Power Industry, Outside the Fluid Power Industry 56  Manufacturer 57  Distributor 58  Education 59  Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) 61  Other: (please specify)__________________________________________ 5. Which of the following best describes your market focus? A  Aerospace A  Marine & Offshore Equipment B  Agricultural Machinery B  Material Handling Equipment C  Automotive C  Mining Machinery D  Civil Engineering D  Packaging Machinery E  Cranes E  Plastic Machinery F  Drills & Drilling Equip. F  Presses & Foundry G  Flame Cutting/Welding Equip. G  Railroad Machinery H  Food Machinery H  Road Construct/Maint. Equip. I  Forestry I  Simulators & Test Equipment J  Furnaces J  Snow Vehicles, Ski Lifts K  Gas & Oilfield Machinery K  Steel Plants & Rolling Mills L  Heavy Construction & Equip. L  Truck & Bus Industry M  Military Vehicles M  Textile Machinery N  Construction & Utility Equip. N  Woodworking Machines O  Machine Tools O  Other (specify)_____________ P  Government Related P  Fluid Power Industry

G  1000+

60  End User of Fluid Power Products

MY COMPANY SHOULD BE ADVERTISING IN OR SUBMIT AN ARTICLE TO THE FLUID POWER JOURNAL. PLEASE CONTACT THIS PERSON: NAME:_ _____________________________________ TITLE:_______________________________________

SCAN HERE

PHONE:_____________________________________

PA Series

More NFPA Actuator Options Than Ever Before

TAS Series

Specification

PA Series

TA Series

Bore Range

1.50 – 4.00”

1.50 – 12.00”

Rod Diameters

One diameter per bore size

Multiple diameters per bore size

Mounting Options

20*

Flush Mount Option

Standard

Optional

Configurability

Basic

High

Cushioning

Auto-Cushion Standard

Adjustable & Fixed Optional

Seals

Original Ecology Seal

Bumper Piston Seal Optional

Temperature Rating

+25 – 175°F

-20 – 200°F

Steel Body Option

N/A

Available

Market Price

FM Series

TD Series

*with TAS steel body option

Bimba’s PA Series is the perfect complement to our NFPA actuator line. It offers set bore sizes and rod diameters for a simple, straightforward counterpoint to the highly configurable TA Series. Standard designs and features provide the versatility your pneumatic applications need, at a price that can’t be beat. Find out more www.bimba.com

TA Series

Fluid Power Journal May 2021

Articles inside

IFPS Update

Figure It Out

Web Marketplace

Product Spotlight

Notable Words