Ieema journal feb 2017 by IEEMA

From the President’s Desk

Dear Friends, INTELECT 2017 and DistribuELEC added another feather in IEEMA’s cap as the event was one of its kind, featuring smart electricity applications, technologies and systems for efficient use of electricity. The three days Expo cum Conference was highly appreciated by all the stakeholders. The event showcased the Industry’s preparedness for meeting the challenge of 24X7 power to all, through innovative solutions. The aim of providing Electricity to All by 2022 can be achieved provided the right steps are taken. Much of the world’s existing energy infrastructure was built in the era of isolated markets and low cost, centralized power plants. Like the rest of the world, India too needs to modernize this aging infrastructure, replacing them with smarter and more intelligent energy generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure. Intelligent Electricity would be an integral part of any sustainable technology solution for the effective implementation of the 24/7 Power and Smart Cities projects of the Government of India. Indian Government has already initiated ‘Smart Cities Mission’ to develop 109 Smart cities across India. A total of Rs. 98000 Cr (US$15 billion) has been approved by the Indian Cabinet for development of 109 smart cities and rejuvenation of 500 others. The list of cities is already available in the net for your purview. Traditionally power systems are moving towards digitally enabled smart grids which will enhance communications, improve efficiency, increase reliability and reduce the costs of electricity services. But there are some challenges and concern on the security of the smart grid infrastructure, primarily that involving communications technology. Thus some advance security solutions specific for the smart grid network that we can implement such as explicit access permissions, Malware protection, Big Data & Analytics, Network Intrusion Detection & Prevention System etc. Smart Grid Control system and IT security engineers should be equally involved in securing the smart grid network. The challenges also opened new opportunities for all of us in the industry and I am sure our entrepreneurial abilities will not let them go.

Sanjeev Sardana

February 2017

Samvaad...

Dear Members, The second edition of INTELECT 2017 and DistribuELEC was successful beyond expectation. The event was supported by the Ministry of Power, National Smart Grid Mission, with Madhya Pradesh as Partner State and CESC as Partner Utilities. The event witnessed the presence of who’s who of the Indian Electrical equipment industry. The exhibition was inaugurated by Chief Guest, Shri. Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines and Guest of Honour, Shri Girish Shankar, Secretary, DHI, ministry of heavy Industries & Public enterprises in the presence of Shri Desh Deepak Verma, Chairman, Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission, Shri RK Verma, Chairperson, CEA and Shri AK Verma, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Power . INTELECT 2017 exhibited a world of new possibilities of energy management in the world of electricity. IEEMA acknowledged the contribution made by Mr Vishnu Agarwal, CMD Technical Associates and Mr Anil Chaudhry, Country President and MD Schneider Electric for the Indian electrical equipment industry and felicitated them. The three days exhibition witnessed the presence of more than 10,000 visitors. The exhibitors were happy about the footfalls as they received good business from the quality visitors. The Smart electricity applications, technologies and systems such as smart grids including smart meters, smart appliances, and renewable energy resources that help to manage electricity smarter were showcased in the exhibition. The two day International Conference on “Evolving trends in the intelligent management of future grids” had many takeaways. The two day Conference witnessed eminent experienced speakers sharing their inputs on various key issues. Organizing a three day Exhibition with Conference with international experts, government organizations and various stakeholders is a task which requires detailed planning and application of mind. The Organising Committee and IEEMA Secretariat worked seamlessly in crafting this success story and deserved to be congratulated

Sunil Misra

February 2017

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Creating a new episode in the future of electricity @

nce again the synergetic relationship between IEEE, IEEMA and the Government of India machinery has harbingered into a path breaking dialogue for Intelligent Electricity Consumption & Technology for the benefit of key stake holders and the end customers. The second edition of INTELECT 2017 DistribuELEC was a huge hit among the industry leaders. The event was supported by the Ministry of Power, National Smart Grid Mission, with Madhya Pradesh as partner state and CESC as partner utilities. The event witnessed the presence of who’s who of the Indian Electrical equipment industry.

INTELECT also provided a networking platform to various players in the ecosystem to come together to exchange ideas and share their vision. The two Day International Conference on Evolving Trends in Intelligent Management of the Future Grid witnessed distinguished speakers sharing their experience, exchanging ideas and addressing the issues prevailing in the International electrical arena.

Record-breaking attendance of more than 10,000 quality visitor hh 99.5% exhibitors want to participate in INTELECT again hh 88% of exhibitors said the quality of attendees met or exceeded their expectations

hh 100% would like to visit this kind of an exhibition again hh 98% of Visitors said the quality of exhibition met or exceeded their expectations hh 90% of Visitors favourably compared the quality of exhibitors over other industry events INTELECT 2017 & DISTRIBUELEC, the three day (23rdJanuary-25th January 2017) exhibition cum conference was held at the India Expo Center, Greater Noida. The exhibition was inaugurated by Chief Guest, Mr Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines and Guest of Honor, Shri Girish Shankar Secretary, DHI, ministry of heavy Industries & Public enterprises and Mr Desh Deepak Verma, Chairman, Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission and other key dignitaries such as Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA, Mr Prakash Chandrekar, Chairman, Organizing Committee, Mr Sunil Misra, Director General, IEEMA amidst an august industry gathering. With over 100 exhibitors, the show brought together senior officials from Ministry of Power, State Utilities, DISCOMS, IESA, India IOT Panel and TERI under one common platform, to discuss global best practices and seek solutions to some of the most pressing challenges pressing challenges in the field of Intelligent Electricity.

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The chief guest of the event Mr Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines said “I am delighted to be a part of this very important today’s conference, most of the World is changing and in the changing world both Electricity and the fact that it need to provide smart electricity is an integral part of aspirations of a young India and since this theme of Intelligent Electricity and as Mr Prakash has pen down in the INTELECT diary that I just saw. The necessity of Intelligent Electricity for sustainable provision of Electricity and through the value chain of the Electricity sector I think it’s very important that industry leaders should make India ready for the future to be able to provide for the expanding needs of Energy sector in both cost effective manner and in smart manner. Very clearly if we see the world scenario the entire focus today has moved from generation of Electricity to more and more towards transmission, distribution, last mile connectivity and in all of these areas towards making the entire infrastructure very robust, sustainable and cost effective. Energy efficiency and energy conservation are two areas which are finding their largest attraction in every part of the world. In this situation today India is world’s largest market for this sector.” “We have billion people aspiring for better quality of life you have an latest energy demand which to my mind can expand this sector by almost four times in next 15-17 years. Different estimates have been made out but very clear this is one sector where any amount of investment made has the fastest payback both in economic and in terms of quality of life of our people but also has a great deal to do with a necessity for the entire economic development of the country for years and years we have planned this sector on the basis of shortages for

the first time we are on the ability to plan this sector on the strength of surplus. When you plan for surplus it gives you the vulnerability the edge to be able to plan intelligently. In shortages you are always struggling in surpluses you have to do a far more intelligent, far more superior planning and in that background. To my mind for people with long years of experience longs years of working in this sector sky’s the limit when it comes to new learning when it comes to innovation when it comes to research and in that sense the fact that Indian electrical industry is continuously evolving and improving its own benchmarks is really a matter of satisfaction for us.” He further continued , “The principal players in this sector to dedicate a good amount of human capital and money to ensure we always remain the head of the top. I think it’s very important that our Indian Electrical Industry should now start coming up with innovations which are indigenous innovations which are not always dependent on what is developed in the west or what is developed in Japan or other countries. It’s important that we look at our own context and come up with contextual solutions more relevant to the Indian climate for the Indian ecosystem for the Indian typical consumers his level of consumption. I remember the amount of deliberations on smart meters for example we must have deliberated discussions trying to figure out what is truly the intelligent way to provide smart meters to the people of India.” “I genuinely believe that when we started smart meters cost was high as 15-20,000 rupees at some point of time. I am giving to understand that some recent tender of 10,000 smart meters and the quotations are of Rs.3000. Now if 10,000 meters can be bought or sold for 3000 rupees imagine of 25 Crore smart meters cost and we have LED example. Now in this context when you

(From L to R) Mr Babu Babel, Immediate Past President, IEEMA, Mr Piyush Goyal, Minister for State (I/C) Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines, Mr Prakash Chandraker, Chairman, INTELECT 2017 cutting the inaugural ribbon for INTELECT 2017 and DistribuELEC exhibition

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start looking at the large opportunity those 25crore smart meters is required by India and in a short period of time. We need to have more and more ideas coming up from our young engineers. But very clearly there is lot that our young engineers can come up with if you provide them up enabling environment and the opportunity rather than only rushing to see what’s happening in other parts of the world that is one clear message I would like all of you to take away. When we are planning in a way Intelligent networks would come right from the time we plan for our raw material to from source of the power generation, transmission, distribution the last mine within that storage will come into play as we move more and more towards distributed edgy systems, energy systems, conserving energy is an integral part of any smart system. The ability to control from source to socket in some sense different aspect of the value chain in an intelligent manner while maintaining sustainability effectively.” “We need to plan for the future and that’s where the deliberations for next two days will help us in this era of modern technology in this era of intelligent functioning seen what are the evolving trends. India need to go down the path where other countries have gone down so we need to things efficiently we can do things in a smarter way.Smart meter can be a game changer when it comes to planning the electricity sector in the long run.” Mr Sanjay Shukla, Managing Director, Madhya Pradesh Power Mangement Company said, “When we look back, at the beginning of the century i.e. 2001-2002, the electricity supply in the state of Madhya Pradesh, like most of the States, was facing a range of apparently insurmountable problems. With a shortfall of some 20% between power supply and demand, widespread rationing in both urban and rural areas resulted in limited hours supply per day. At the same time, overloaded equipment’s and underinvested systems meant technical and commercial losses in the range of 50%. Darkness used to descend in the most parts of the state with the sun set. To improve the lives of people across Madhya Pradesh and enable businesses to thrive, these serious problems needed to be resolved. I am happy to share that the times have really changed now, and the progress made by the state in the last decade is truly remarkable.” “Today, Madhya Pradesh enjoys 24 hours quality power supply across the state – including rural areas – and has provided access to electricity to about 6 million new consumers doubled the base in the last decade. This was unthinkable some years ago and the goal has been achieved only through strong commitment at all levels and the Hon’ble Chief Minister has led the team of professionals and the citizens to achieve this watershed moment. State of Madhya Pradesh has shown this commitment by extending financial muscle and

administrative supports and removing obstacles to achieve all this under Atal Jyoti Abhiyaan. The success of the reforms reflects a number of factors. One of the most important was the state government’s clear vision and strong political commitment to achieve this dramatic turnaround. Madhya Pradesh is no longer categorized under Power deficit States and is one of the 3-4 states in India to provide 24X7 power supply to its consumers. This is a clear illustration of state machinery working in tandem with the consumers and achieving the results in quick time.” “The power sector transformation supported by the MP Govt. has touched many sectors and many businesses across the state and it is already having a knock-on effect in boosting the local economy and improving quality of life. For example, they contributed to the state’s agriculture sector achieving nearly 20% plus annual growth in last few years. In a time when the country faced two back to back droughts, MP was a shining star among all states with agriculture growth and was able to avoid any rural distress.” “Agriculture sector has seen the real benefit of feeder separation program, as the last mile reach of the Distribution Infrastructure increased over the years, as well as the power supply increased to the agriculture sector from an earlier 5 to 6 hours to now guranteed10 hours. In fact, Madhya Pradesh has been the recipient of the “Krishi Karman Award” for the last 4 years. The benefit for agriculture sector has been in terms of production. Nationally too, the contribution of M.P. in the food grain production has increased from 6.9% (rank 6 in all states) of total in the 80s to now at 11.4% in FY 15 (rank 2 in all states). Power supply has played a key role in this growth story as the Energy department, with its Companies- MP Power Management Company, MP Power Generating Company, MP Power Transmission Company and the three Distribution Companies, has ensured 10 hours supply in all seasons.”

Capacity Addition “Capacity addition has been central to achieve energy security. MP Govt. provided support to its Generating Companies through an equity infusion in the new projects as well as ensured that it got share from the central geenrating station. Given this push of the State Govt., the availability of long term power sources has more than tripled in FY 16 when compared to FY 04.

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satisfaction level. Customer care initiatives are now being embedded in the ethos of the organization to ensure the continuity of the same. In order to promote Industries within the State Govt. has given several incentives to consumers which include reduction in the Electricity Duty, rebate on incremental consumption as well as rebate upto 20% in energy charges to new industrial consumers coming in the state. All these incentives make MP an attractive destination for investment. Couple this with its central location and the GST being approved by the parliament, MP stands to gain significantly. The State took advantage of states strategic location in terms of availability of land, water and coal bearing areas. Govt of MP introduced a policy for facilitation of private sector investment in power generation and leveraged our strength to procure up to 10% power at variable cost from such projects. Many new IPPs have achieved Commercial operation which have also resulted in the increased generation capacity of the state. Around 5,000 MW of capacity has already come on line in the last 5 years. Transmission – Madhya Pradesh’s experience in the transmission sector provides the insights that investments if correctly targeted fructify to give promising results. MPPTCL has managed to maintain one of the lowest transmission losses in the country at around 2.85% to 2.9%. The number of 132/33 kV substation have doubled in last 10 years and EHT lines have increased by more than 65%. Distribution sector - Distribution sector has always been a challenge in the entire power sector value chain. Thus, in order to ensure uninterrupted and quality power supply with minimum pilferage, it is essential to have a robust Distribution network. MP DISCOMs formulated their own Capital Investment Plan and weaved all the central schemes together with its own funding sources to achieve its objectives of expanding its consumer base and loss reduction. Overall, DISCOMs implemented a capital expenditure plan of over 11,000 Crs. which shows the administrative capability of DISCOMs to oversee large capex programs. The DISCOMs have been supported in this effort through multilateral funding including through ADB. All the reforms are futile if the end customer is still entangled in inefficient procedures while interacting with the utility. MP DISCOMs too transformed their ages old processes and embrace technology. For example, their simplified new connection process, as part of ease of doing business, was rated very highly by the World Bank. They now have host of avenues to service their consumers such as centralized call centers, online payment, payment through debit, credit cards and bank transfers, mobile payments, Customer Apps and intimation of customers through SMS. The MP DISCOMs also took learning from other states and introduced spot billing and photo based billing to issue bills to the consumers which has helped increase in the customer

State Government has provided huge support to the Distribution Companies by conversion of its loans to perpetual loans and equity, retaining of Duty & Cess revenues by Distribution Companies and moratorium on State Government payables. More recently, the state also signed up UDAY, the scheme improves balance sheets of state utilities by transferring non-project debt to the state government. The utilities are expected to use their improved financial position to invest in upgrading networks to reduce losses, and pursue other Scheme provisions to reduce the cost of bulk power purchased. State Govt. is also supporting the DISCOMs in conversion of Temporary to Permanent agriculture connections and has already committed its equity portion in this regards. Consumer benefit comes from lower cost burden from financial and operational inefficiency. They also gain from avoided costs from better quality of supply and from utilities’ ability to buy and maintain continuity of supply of power. All the initiatives taken by MP presents a model to other states that what a committed political leader and his team can deliver and change the life of its Citizen – both socially and economically.” Mr Girish Shankar, Secretary, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises said, “The Indian electrical equipment industry, which is over USD 25 billion in size, has matured over the years and now has a diversified and strong manufacturing base. Several major foreign players also now have a domestic presence either directly or through technical collaborations with domestic manufacturers. There is also an emerging global reputation of Indian electrical equipment with their rugged performance design, and also of transmission and other EPC contractors. The industry exported over USD 6 billion worth of electrical equipment in the last fiscal. The domestic electrical equipment industry is 9.54% of the manufacturing sector is terms of value and 1.23% of India’s GDP. It also provides direct and indirect employment to 1.5 million people and over 5 million across the entire value chain. It is estimated that the

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(From L to R) Mr Prakash Chandraker, Chairman, INTELECT 2017, Mr Girish Shankar, Secretary, Department of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Mr DD Verma, Chairman, Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission, Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA, Mr Sunil Misra, DG, IEEMA, Mr Sanjay Shukla, MD, MPPMCL, Mrs Indra Prem Menon, Vice President, IEEMA and Mr RK Verma, Chairperson, CEA

demand of this industry for skilled manpower is growing by the tune of 15% per annum. Given the growth potential of the industry, the potential to generate additional employment, both direct and indirect, is significant. India has come a long way in electrical equipment manufacturing. Today, the country manufactures a large variety of electrical equipment. The industry makes and exports a wide array of equipment from Boilers to transformers to cables to Meters. New technologies that are being introduced have been brought into the domestic manufacturing domain by foreign players. These players have come into India either independently and set up their own manufacturing facilities or through the JV route. Equipment and equipment manufacturing technology is witnessing significant modernisation while new technology is also being adopted in the manufacturing processes. Technological advancements, like smart grids, and policies on emission reduction will influence the future direction taken by the power sector and electrical equipment industry in various countries. Disproportionate reliance on imported power equipment, with uncertain quality and lifecycle, and with no domestic manufacturing facility to provide emergency repairs, spares, replacements, etc. especially for heavy equipment, is fraught with long term risks. With integration of automation and communication technology into the critical network of Power, Telecom and defence, there is also a possibility of a major security concern. Manufacturing is a key contributor to the economic development of any nation; adding jobs as well as increasing self-reliance. The Capital Goods sector is a critical element to boost manufacturing activity by providing critical inputs, that is, machinery and equipment. The sector also provides direct employment to more than 1.4 million people, the sector provides indirect employment to more than 7 million people and

impacts users of capital goods estimated to be 50 times of the direct employment. However, India’s capital goods production growth has been sluggish in the recent past. The Department of Heavy Industries (DHI) had issued Electrical Transformer (Quality Control) Order 2015, which has already come into force. With this Order, it is mandatory to manufacture, and also to procure, Distribution Transformers up to 2.5 MVA in line with IS 1180(Part-1):2014 with standard ISI mark. A boost to this sector is envisaged through this National Capital Goods Policy by providing for an enabling ecosystem for capital goods growth and ensuring sustained incentive for domestic manufacturers to service domestic as well as export market demand. The policy envisages increasing production of capital goods from Rs. 230,000 Cr in 201415 to Rs. 750,000 Cr in 2025 and raising direct and indirect employment from the current 8.4 million to more than 30 million. It envisages increasing exports from the current 27% to 40% of production while increasing share of domestic production in India’s demand from 60% to 80%, thus making India a net exporter of capital goods. The policy also aims to facilitate improvement in technology depth across sub-sectors, increase skill availability, ensure mandatory standards and promote growth and capacity building of MSMEs. The policy proposes a comprehensive policy agenda to achieve these goals. Mr Prakash Chandraker, Chairman, Organising Committee, INTELECT 2017 said, “INTELECT 2017 & DistribuELEC will provide solutions for Indian Energy Consumption and Losses Crisis. India has around

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300GW electricity availability, but barely 133 GW of its is being used due to improper demand matching supply and vice versa, and AT&C losses of 30% that can be reduced to half alongside enhanced energy efficiency by 30% through ‘intelligent digital technology. So asset utilization of Energy Mix will play a key role in meeting India’s ever-growing power supply needs by its power sector. Highlighting the challenges facing India’s energy sector, Chandraker said, “Power ‘Generation to Consumption’ called for making the energy sector efficient and sustainable by creating a ‘Digital Value Chain’ and transforming energy flow management, thus enabling Government to reduce electricity tariff by 10% to 15%.” Around 70% of power supply faults can be minimized through FDIR which technology cost is very less and much time is saved. The solution lies in “co-innovation” with participation of Government, utilities and manufacturers / solution providers. While India does not have such a platform, this need however, will be met by the INTELECT 2017 & DISTRIBUELEC. The event will bring together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and key government officials under one common platform, to discuss global best practices and seek solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in the field of Intelligent Electricity. Asset Management solutions are needed to help Utilities do “Predictive Management” of their installed base, and these solutions feature the ‘frequency and duration’ of electricity ‘interruptions (read; failures) being measured by solution providers through technology that detects – and bypasses – faults while ensuring connectivity through its “Fault Detection, Isolation and Restoration (FDIR)” technology.” Other problems needing solutions include: a) Energy Mix; How the Government – going forward – will ensure grid management even as more renewables add power to the grid, thus making it unpredictable and difficult to manage. The Government plans to add 175 GW Renewable Energy to the Grid by 2022, but unforeseen

Mr Vishnu Agarwal, CMD, Technical Associates, being felicitated by Shri Piyush Goyal for his contribution to the Indian electrical equipment industry

problems such as environmental including pollution and weather await it. So a Roadmap has to be created by Government and others as solution for this.” Asset Utilization --from generation to distribution – faces problems such as during increasing renewable mix where plant load factor is to be addressed, as presently only 55% of the asset is used in old distribution systems that need to be digitally connected today. Cooperation and maintenance costs can be reduced by 25% through adopting relevant digital technology. Connection to Collection: is another area where this Expo is showcasing technology for the Government to incorporate in their existing utilities infrastructure so as to ensure electrifying even deepest rural areas as part of their schemes,” he added. Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA said, “The event is focusing on the theme Smart Utilities where a wide range of various products like efficient distribution systems, smart electrification and future of electricity will be showcased. INTELECT is one of its kind integrated platform featuring ‘all under one roof’ smart electricity applications, technologies and systems for efficient use of electricity. The growth of Power sector is key to the economic development of the country as it facilitates development across various sectors of the economy. Electrical Equipment manufacturing technology is witnessing significant modernisation while new technology is also being adopted in the manufacturing processes. Technological advancements, like smart grids, and policies on emission reduction will influence the future direction taken by the power sector and electrical equipment industry in various countries.

Mr Anil Chaudhry, Country President and MD Schneider Electric being felicitated by Shri Piyush Goyal for his contribution to the Indian electrical equipment industry

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Smart Grid enables real time monitoring and control of power system as well as helps in reduction of AT&C losses, demand response and demand side management, power quality management, outage management, smart home energy system etc. Smart Grid will act as a backbone infrastructure to enable new business models like smart city, electric vehicles, smart communities apart from more resilient and efficient energy system and tariff structures. Indian Government has already initiated ‘Smart Cities Mission’ to develop 109 Smart cities across India. A total of Rs. 98000 Cr (US$15 billion) has been approved by the Indian Cabinet for development of 109 smart cities and rejuvenation of 500 others. The list of cities is already available in the net for your purview. Traditionally power systems are moving towards digitally enabled smart grids which will enhance communications, improve efficiency, increase reliability and reduce the costs of electricity services. But there are some challenges and concern on the security of the smart grid infrastructure, primarily that involving communications technology. Thus some advance security solutions specific for the smart grid network that we can implement such as explicit access permissions, Malware protection, Big Data & Analytics, Network Intrusion Detection & Prevention System etc. Smart Grid Control system and IT security engineers should be equally involved in securing the smart grid network. The life cycle of the smart grid is longer than that of the IT systems involved, all IT technologies should have the ability to be upgraded in the future. This is how the intelligent power can flow across the homes, businesses and the minds of the people. “In actual terms bringing technology to life.”

Mrs Indra Prem Menon, Vice President, IEEMA said, “It is the second time we are organizing this show and this edition has been very successful. Intelligent electricity will ensure that future electricity supply systems provide efficient, affordable and low-emission energy. The role of the grid has evolved from networks for one-way power distribution to networks for two-way exchange of electricity between various participants. A system with inherent energy storage (i.e. continuously fuelled electricity generation plants that are interconnected) is evolving to one in which storage capacity has to be a specific consideration. ‘Consumers’ are also changing from passive users of electricity to individuals or groups more actively engaged with the electricity supply system through self-generation and demand management activities. In this more diverse and interactive environment of energy exchange the electricity network is required to manage more complex interactions between participants and facilities to maintain reliability of electricity supply and minimise energy cost. These include changes in the nature of production/exchange/ use interactions as well as changing production and demand characteristics resulting from the expansion of renewable and distributed generation. This inherently means that there will be a need to acquire, store and use large sets of data to model a more complex network and predict its operation increasingly in real time. The developments seen in information and communication technology have provided the basis for the evolution of more intelligent and increasingly self-managing networks.

Mr Prakash Chandraker, Chairman, INTELECT 2017, Mr Girish Shankar, Secretary, Department of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises and Mr Sanjay Shukla, MD, MPPMCL unveiling the show guide for INTELECT 2017 and DistribuELEC

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INTELECT 2017 is low on noise but high on substance: Mr Harish Agarwal Mr Harish Agarwal, Vice President, IEEMA says, “This exhibition is low on noise and high on substance. This conference and exhibition are very well organized and lots of efforts have been taken. The blueprint for intelligent electricity is made, the change is fostering further change so its kind of virtual cycle. This type of conference put us in a right frame to be right up there and to be aware of that changes, to react to those changes and lastly to foster these changes which IEEMA has been very carefully conceptualized given a shape and taken it to a comprehensive range. IEEMA has embedded upon an exercise for which we have roped in all the stakeholders like regulators, hon’ble minister was himself present here to witness the change. I think this change is essential to fulfil Prime Minister’s dream “24X7 clean and affordable electricity for all” by 2019. While this would require on one hand to understand evolving trends in intelligent management of future grid like advanced metering, IOT, cyber security, microgrids, renewable integration etc. We would also need qualitative and quantitative improvement in existing physical grid to augment its outreach and improve its health. Distribution is the most important link between utilities and consumers. Due to high T&D losses, the Distribution companies are under severe financial stress and also a threat to Government’s objective of “24X7 power for all”. MoP is providing budgetary support under IPDS and DDUGJY schemes to strengthen urban and rural distribution network. In addition the UDAY scheme and National Electricity Fund will while easing the financial stress of DISCOMs. Mandates reforms required to prevent recurring needs for such bailout.

Jam - packed hall at the two days international conference

INTELECT 2017 & DistribuELEC International conference A two day conference was organized by IEEMA and IEEE on International Conference on Evolving Trends in Intelligent Management of the Future Grid. The topic of the session were hh New Energy equation & Challenges in delivering the values to the customers hh Renewable : Integration of Renewables, Evolving trends, grid stability, energy storage hh New Challenges & Solutions from Transformer Industry hh The Future Energy world : Making the world a better place to live hh Regulation, Grid Code & policies on power sector & market mechanism hh Leveraging Microgrid / Smart Grid towards Energy Efficiency hh Cyber Security - Threat, Challenges & Opportunity for T&D The highlight of the conference was the presentation made by Mr S K Soonee, Advisor, POSOCO on Impact of New Energy mix , Grid stability and Market Mechanisms where he dwelled upon the targets to be achieved in future Ramping Requirements,Peak-Shaving hh Dynamic Optimization of Grid Operation and Security hh Smart Grid, Self-Healing, Resilient, Storm Hardy Grid hh Distributed Generation Resources, Power Quality hh Micro-Grids, Demand Response, Prosumers, DSOs, Customer Diversification hh Energy Efficient, Climate Environmental Stewardship

Friendly

Grid,

hh Digital information, Fast Communication ,Internet of Things, Services & People Mr Sunil Misra, DG, IEEMA, Mr AK Verma, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Power and Mr Pawan Jain, Chairman, IEEMA Distribution Transformers Division

hh Electricity Vehicles.

Storage,

Plug-in

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Awards for Best Stalls at INTELECT 2017 and DistribuELEC There were eight winners of this category

Shell scheme stalls Â 9-12 sqm

Ruuner up - Sumeru Verde Technologies

Winner - Hind Aluminium Industries

Shell scheme stall 13 sqm and above

Winner - U-GET (Unique Green Energy Technology Pvt Ltd)

Runner up - ERDA (Electrical Research and Development Association)

Bare space stalls 18 to 50 sqm

Winner - Kotsons Pvt Ltd

Runner Up - Indian Oil Corporation Ltd

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Bare space stall 51 sqm and above

Winner - ABB India

Runner up - Siemens Ltd

Glimpses of INTELECT & DistribuELEC

The team working behind for two day session on International Conference on Evolving Trends in Intelligent Management of the Future Grid

February 2017

APPOINTMENTS Mr SS Royofappointed Directort (Technical-LWR), Reshuffle IAS in Odisha Government NPCIL

The Odisha Government effected a minor reshuffle Distinguished Scientist S Singha Roy has been appointed in senior IAS(Technical-LWR) level and appointed 1987 batch Power officer as Director of the Nuclear Rajesh Verma as theLimited. new Principal Secretary to Chief Corporation of India He will be holding the post Minister Naveen Mr Upendra Nath Behera, has till the date of his Patnaik. superannuation, or until further orders. been appointed as the Odisha Electricity Regulatory Mr SK Jha appointed DirectorAnother (P & M), MIDHANI Commission (OERC) Chairman. 1995-batch IAS The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has officer Hemant Sharma has been given additional charge approved the proposal of theSharma Department Defence of the Department of Energy. is nowofGRIDCO’s Production for appointment of Mr S K Jha to the and OPTCL’s Chairman and Managing Director. post of Director (Production & Marketing) in Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI), Hyderabad for a period of five years.

Mr S Padmanabhan nominated as Chairman of TataUC Power Mr Muktibodh appointed Director (Technical), NPCIL Tata Power Company has appointed S Padmanabhan as

Distinguished UCafter Muktibodh has been the chairman of Scientist the company Cyrus Mistry resigned appointed as following Director (Technical) of the Nuclear from the post his ouster from Tata Sons. Power Corporation of India Limited.

Mr PV Ramesh takes over as REC CMD Mr Chinmoy Gangopadhyay selected as Director P V Ramesh, an IAS officer of 1985 batch of Andhra (Project), PFC Pradesh Cadre, has taken over as chairman and Chinmoy Gangopadhyay has been selected for the post managing director of Rural Electrification Corp (REC). of Director (Project) in the Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC) by the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB).

President approves appointment of Arno Harris joins directors for 5Azure newPower’s IITs Board of Directors

President Pranab Mukherjee has approved the much Azure Power, India’s leading solar power company, awaited HRD ministry’s proposal appointing directors to announced the appointment of Arno Harris, Former five new IITs of and Palakkad (Kerala), Dharwad Energy, (Karnataka), Founder, CEO Chairman of Recurrent one Tirupati Pradesh), (Chattisgarh) of North (Andhra America’s leading Bhillai-Durg utility-scale solar project developers, as an independent and Goa. According to official director. sources, Professor P B Sunil Kumar has been appointed as the director of IIT Govt. announces several Additional SecretaryPalakkad, Professor Seshu Pasumarthy for IIT Dharwad level appointments and Professor K N Satyanarayana for IIT Tirupati. The Appointments the been Cabinet (ACC) Similarly, Professor Committee Rajat Moonaof has appointed has approved several and Additional Director of IIT Bhilai-Durg Professor Secretary-level B K Mishra for appointments, including that of Ms. Shalini Prasad as IIT Goa. Secretary, Ministry of Power. Additional Ms. Prasad, an Indian Administrative Service Stuart Henderson appointed director of DOE’s(IAS) officer of the 1985 batch (Uttar Pradesh cadre), presently Jefferson Lab in her cadre, will succeed Mr. Badri Narain Sharma, IAS (RJ:1985) on his appointment as Additional Stuart Henderson, an accelerator physicist Secretary, who has Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. worked at numerous Department of Energy (DOE) An official press release said that Ms. of Madhulika P national labs, has been appointed director the Thomas Sukul, IDAS (1982), presentlyFacility in her incadre, hasNews, been Jefferson National Accelerator Newport appointed as Additional Secretary, Department of Virginia, the lab announced.

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Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food Bharat Electronics Ltd vice appoints Director (Human and Public Distribution Mr. G. Gurucharan, IAS Resources) (KN:1982) on his appointment as Secretary (Performance Management), Cabinet Secretariat. Bharat Electronics Ltd has informed BSE that Ministry Mr. Rajani Ranjan Rashmi, IAS (MN:1983), Additional of Defence, Government of India vide its letter dated Secretary, of Commerce, Ministry of January 23,Department 2017 appointed Mr. Ramchander N Commerce andDirector Industry(Human has been appointed as Bagdalkar, as Resources) of the Additional Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest Company. Mr. Ramchander N Bagdalkar has assumed and Climate Change vice Mr. Hem Kumar IAS charge as Director (Human Resources) of thePande, Company (WB:1982) on 23, his appointment as Secretary, Department w.e.f. January 2017. of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs.

Mr N Chandrasekaran appointed Additional

Mr. Girish Chandra Murmu, IAS (GJ:1985), Additional Director onDepartment Tata Steel board Secretary, of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance has been appointed as Additional Mr N Chandrasekaran appointed additionalSecretary, Director Department of Financial Services, Ministry Finance on Tata Steel board. He will take charge atofthe helm vice Ms. Snehlata Shrivastava, IAS (MP:1982) on of Tata Sons, the main holding company of the salt-toher appointment as Secretary, Department of Justice, software conglomerate from February 21. “Nomination Ministry of Law and Justice. and Remuneration Committee met on January 13, 2017 Ms. Amita Prasad, IAS (KN:1985), Secretary, and unanimously recommended the Joint induction of N Ministry of WaterasResources, River and Chandrasekaran a member of the Development board,” Tata Steel Ganga said in aRejuvenation filing to BSE.has been appointed as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vice Mr. Susheel Kumar, IAS (UP:1982) on his appointment as Secretary (Border Management), Ministry of Home Affairs.

Appointment of Cyril Cabanes as a Director on Azure Power Global’s Board

Mr. Nikhilesh Jha, IAS (MN:1984), Additional Secretary, Azure Power a leading solar power producer in India, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and announced that Cyril Cabanes, Vice-President, Head Ganga Rejuvenation has been appointed as Additional of Infrastructure Transactions, Asia-Pacific at Caisse de Secretary and Financial Adviser, Department of Food and dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ) , was appointed Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food to its Board of Directors. and Public Distribution vice Mr. Prabhas Kumar Jha, IAS (UP:1982) his appointment as Secretary, Dr PingaleonVijay Maruti appointed PrivateMinistry of Parliamentary Affairs.

Secretary to Mr Suresh Prabhu

Mr. U P Singh, IAS (OR:1985), Additional Secretary, Dr Pingale Maruti, IAS Ministry of Vijay Petroleum and (TN:04), Natural has Gasbeen as appointed Additional as Private Ministry Secretary to MrResources, Suresh Prabhu, Minister for Secretary, of Water River Development Railways. and Ganga Rejuvenation vice Mr. Nikhilesh Jha.

Mr PK Gupta appointed OSD to Minister of State

VACANCIES for Finance

Pramod Kumar Gupta has been appointed as OSD to the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Minister of State for Finance, Santosh Kumar Gangwar.He Post: Secretary was earlier posted as AGM (C&P), Engineers India Limited.

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a statutory body Mr Sajid Desai isofCEO, NurnbergMesse India from under the Ministry Power has invited applications the officers of Central or State Governments holding a post NurnbergMesseIndia, a subsidiary of NurnbergMesse, not below the rank of Deputy Secretary to the Government one of the world’s largest exhibition companies, has of India in the parent cadre for the post of Secretary in appointed Mr Sajid Desai as the Chief Executive Officer Bureau of Energy Efficiency on deputation basis for its operations effective December 1, 2016.

June2017 2016 February

February 2017

ExpertSpeak

ngineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) is a particular form of contracting arrangement used in constructing power projects where the EPC Contractor is made responsible for all the activities from design, procurement, construction, to commissioning and handover of the project to the owner. Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracts, sometimes called turnkey contracts are similar to design and build contracts, in that there is a single contract for the design and construction of the project, but generally with an EPC contract, the client has less say over the design of the project and the contractor takes more risk. On a design and build project, the client may produce an outline design upon which tenders are sought. On an EPC project, the client may seek tenders based on a performance specification and then have no input into the design, other than if variations are instructed. Payment can be on a lump sum, cost reimbursable basis, or some other basis, but generally the client would be likely to seek a fixed price, lump sum agreement where the responsibility for cost control is taken by the contractor. This gives the client a relatively riskfree arrangement, with one point of responsibility and cost certainty. They can therefore operate the contract with the minimum resource. The client’s main risk lies on the specification upon which the contract is based. If the specification is not well developed and concise otherwise the quality and performance of the completed development may be compromised. Generally, EPC contracts are used on engineering and infrastructure projects, or industrial projects, where the aesthetics of design might be considered less important to the client than performance and cost certainty. A construction contract under the BOT model for major infrastructure projects usually takes the form of a turnkey construction contract or an EPC contract.

Most international projects today are procured on the basis that one contractor assumes total responsibility for the design and execution of the works, including all engineering, procurement, and construction, so that the Contractor effectively provides a fully equipped facility ready for operation at ‘the turn of a key’. Under the classic split, an EPC contract is divided into two separate contracts - an ‘Onshore Contract’ and an ‘Offshore Contract’. The responsibilities of the Offshore Contractor are limited to the supply of design and engineering services ‘offshore’ (i.e., outside the country where the project is located) and the supply of offshore plant, equipment and materials (‘Equipment’). Typically, the responsibilities of the Onshore Contractor are limited to: hh

The installation of the above offshore Equipment once that Equipment has come ‘onshore’;

The supply of Equipment sourced from within the host country; and

The construction, testing, commissioning and other onsite activities (including some onshore design and engineering services) associated with the works.

To complete the split structure, an agreement is drafted to ‘wrap’ the obligations of the Onshore and Offshore Contractors to the project company, so that any gaps that arise as a result of the split structure are appropriately covered. The split structure is designed to reduce exposure to local taxes on offshore Equipment, or any design work performed outside the host country, becoming subject to local taxes. Other commercial considerations may drive the split structure, such as avoidance of local red tape requirements and costs associated with obtaining permits, approvals, and

February 2017

ExpertSpeak

submitting designs to local government authorities in the host country. Reduction in contract price under the split approach is typically attractive to a project company, but this reduction must be weighed against the costs and risks involved in splitting.

Contracting Methods in Power Plant Construction hh

Traditional Approach (Design-Bid-Built):

EPC/ Packages Approach:

Traditional Project Approach -Design-bid-build, also called as Design-tender, is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for each the design & construction of a project. Design-bid-build is the traditional method for project delivery & differs in several substantial aspects from design-build. There are three main sequential phases to the design-bid-build delivery method: Phases of Traditional Approach

Design Phase

Bidding Phase

Construction Phase

Potential problems of design-bid-build i.

ii.

Failure of the design team cause construction costs & potential cost increases during the design phase and could cause project delays. Redesign expense can be disputed. As the general contractor is brought to the team post design, there is little opportunity for input on effective alternates being presented?

iii. Pressures may be exerted on the design & construction teams, which may lead to disputes between the architect & the general contractor. When viewed from a time-line perspective, the traditional project approach has three drawbacks. hh

The two major functions, engineering construction, are performed at different times.

The total project schedule is longer because of multiple bidding phases.

Due to this multiple division, usually it depends on the contractor consultant who tends to be conservative & firm over the design, which results in higher cost.

Benefits of design-bid-build hh

The design team is impartial & looks out for the interests of the Owner.

The design team prepares documents on which all general contractors place bids. With this in mind, the “cheaper is better” argument is rendered invalid since the bids are based on complete documents.

February 2017

Incomplete, incorrect or missed items are usually discovered & addressed during the bid process. hh

Ensures fairness to potential bidders & improves decision making by the owner by providing a range of potential options. It also identifies new potential contractors.

Assists the owner in establishing reasonable prices for the project.

Uses competition to improve the efficiency & quality for owners.

EPC Approach EPC has emerged as the delivery method of choice for executing system projects in all market sectors. The EPC is implies that a single entity has complete responsibility for a project from start to finish. EPC Contracts are the most common form of contract used to undertake construction works by the private sector on large scale & complex infrastructure projects. Under an EPC Contract a contractor is obliged to deliver a complete facility to a developer who need only ‘turn a key’ to start operating the facility, hence EPC Contract’s are sometimes called turnkey construction contracts. In addition to delivering a complete facility, the Contractor must deliver that facility for a guaranteed price by a guaranteed date that must perform to the specified level. Failure to comply with any requirements will usually result in the Contractor incurring monetary liabilities. In the EPC contract, the EPC firm assumes overall responsibility for the project, thereby relieving the customer of this burden & risk. The customer deals with a single-point contact. In this EPC as a single responsibility is been taken Communication between engineering design, procurement & construction begins immediately, which makes accelerating the project schedule possible without imposing greater risk. EPC can be more cost-effective when the value of the risk assumed by the EPC firm is considered, along with the early revenue generating benefit of the accelerated project schedule. The movement away from the typical “design/bid/build” method to EPC and Design-Build has altered the traditional relationships among the owner & the contractor. These altered relationships have shifted the risks assumed by each party in traditional construction contracts. But because of their flexibility in the value the EPC contract is continuing to be the predominant form of contracts used on large-scale infrastructure projects.

EPC Flow Process Turnkey projects consist of several phases; they start with feasibility studies & engineering works & end with the final commissioning of the project. In an EPC turnkey contract, those phases include a number of interfaced business processes e.g. marketing, sales & customer service. The various phases in the execution of a turnkey project follows:

ExpertSpeak

b. Financing Stage - The employer has to achieve financial closure, which involves the promoters bringing in their own funding in the shape of equity as well as organizing loans. This should ideally precede or proceed in parallel with the negotiation process.

Phases of Engineering, Procurement & Construction process

Development

Procurement

Financing Stage

Construct

Negotiation Stage

Training

Contract Agreement

Commissioning & Handing Over

Design & Manufacture of Equipment

Performance Guarantees

End of the Engineering, Procurement & Construction process

Even though the EPC lump sum, turnkey agreements look to the contractor to provided a “turnkey” project, there are certain activities that often remain under the owner’s control which can have a significant effect on the project’s cost & schedule. Most contracts provide that the project owner has responsibility to provide adequate site access for the contractor. The activities in EPC flow process discuss in brief as follows: a. Development Phase - The development phase is the first stage of the EPC project process & covers the important aspect of engineering. This can be viewed as an extension of detailed planning process. The engineering phase produces a range of deliverables, which include following activities: Feasibility study

d. Contract Agreement - After the contract is awarded, the 2-parties, i.e. the employer & the EPC contractor, sign the contract agreement. The contract includes the term & mode of payment for the works. It also defines the warranty terms & tenure in addition to damages that would be payable if the contractor deviates from the contract in terms of specified design or commissioning schedule, etc. The contract covers interest payable to the turnkey contractor in case the employer is not able to release funds in time. e. Design & Manufacture of Equipment – After the contract is signed, the contractor assumes the responsibility for satisfying the employer’s requirements. This is done by first verifying the incomplete bid package or basic design & then expanding that into a complete description of the required project in the form of residual & detailed design, engineering drawings, diagrams, specifications, purchase orders & matters. f.

Estimates

Negotiation Stage -The consultant incorporates the employer’s requirements into the bid documents & brings out a notice for pre-qualification. This is done so that only established parties are short listed as bidders then a notice inviting tender (NIT) is issued by the consultant on the employer’s behalf. The short listed contractors are then required to submit 2-part proposals. The technical bid contains details of all deliverables & processes. Those technical bids that are found satisfactory are put through the commercial bidding process. The price bids finally determine the contract award.

Procurement - After the finalization of all designrelated parameters, the procurement works begin. The contractor is responsible for supplying

Designs Development Phase

Drawing

Engineering Phase

Specification Data sheets Test results

Having made the decision to execute a project on a turnkey basis, the employer appoints a consultant & states his requirements in the form of a design brief. The consultant then expands the brief into a more explicit “employers requirements”, taking into account the project development phase during which design responsibility is handed over to the EPC contractor.

February 2017

ExpertSpeak

equipment & procuring all the equipment from sub vendors. In this process, the EPC contractor also assumes responsibility from inventory & materials management. Procurement becomes important because it is here that project management can be most effective in cutting time without compromising quality. For this, either the EPC contractor puts together a separate team or hires a project management consultant. g.

Construct - Once the project & related subsystems have been designed, manufactured & supplied, construction begins. These include pre-installation of the project at the identified site.

h. Training - The contractor has to impart training to a team of engineers/technical staff of the employer at the site during the pre-commissioning & commissioning of the project. In addition, training programs are also arranged at the supplier’s works. i.

Commissioning & Handing Over - The final stage of EPC contract. Once the pre-commissioning & then commissioning trials of the individual equipment & overall systems are complete, the contractor has to commission the project as per terms of the contract. The contractor has to conduct the trial run/reliability run i.e. trials at full load/varying load for defined periods as per the contract. Following its demonstration the project is handed over to the customer.

j. Performance Guarantees - After successful commissioning & acceptance of the project, the warranty period begins. The turnkey contractor gives a guarantee on all parameters of the project affecting fixed & variable costs. Guarantees are given on overall project performance, not just on individual equipment performance. At the end of the warranty period, the relationship between the contractor & the employer continues only if EPC contractor also bags the O&M contract. Given the huge responsibility & accountability in setting up a project, the success of EPC mode in project execution depends largely on effective project management. This enables the project team to examine the cost-time trade-off without compromising quality.

Advantages of an EPC Contract for Power Station The key clauses in any construction contract are those which impact on Successful Accomplishments of Project: - Time, Cost and Quality. The same is true of EPC Contracts. But EPC Contracts tend to deal with issues with greater sophistication than other types of construction contracts. An EPC Contract is designed to satisfy the lenders’ requirements. EPC Contracts Provide for: i.

Single Point of Responsibility: The contractor is responsible for all design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning &

February 2017

testing activities. So if any problems occur the Project Company need only look to one party the contractor - to both fix the problem & provide compensation. As a result, if the contractor is a consortium comprising several entities the EPC Contract must state that those entities are jointly & severally liable to the project company. ii.

Fixed Contract Price - Risk of cost overruns & the benefit of any cost savings are to the contractor’s account. The contractor usually has a limited ability to claim additional money, which is limited to circumstances where the Project Company has delayed the contractor or has ordered variations to the works.

iii. Security - It is standard for the contractor to provide performance security to protect the Project Company if the contractor does not comply with its obligations under the EPC Contract. iv. Fixed Completion Date - It varies from project to project as in some cases the rate reflects owner loss for “Fuel supply agreement damages, Power purchase agreement damages & Interest during construction etc.”. In addition, the EPC Contract must provide for the contractor to be granted an extension of time when it is delayed by the acts or omissions of the Project Company. v. Performance Guarantees: The Project Company’s revenue will be earned by operating the power station. So it is vital that the power station performs as required in terms of output, efficiency & reliability. EPC Contracts contain performance guarantees was always backed by performance liquidated damages payable by the contractor if it fails to meet the performance guarantees. ■ Ashok Upadhyay

BE (Electrical), M Tech. Hon. (Ind. Engg.) M. Phil (Renewable Energy), PHD Scholar Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

ver 300 million people in India still do not have electricity, with 28,000 villages yet to be electrified. Challenges include the high cost of extending the power grid to these locations, the economic health of the utilities and lack of revenue in impoverished villages. India has an appetite for all kinds of creative solutions and is willing to be adaptive and adoptive. Numerous new initiatives are being implemented in the country and other regions by a variety of organizations. The biggest challenges surrounding energy in India include high power shortages, high commercial and industrial tariffs, and government policies. PV system costs have decreased 50 percent in the past three years while the cost of diesel fuel has risen, creating a gap that will likely grow wider. Microgrid business value propositions have been presented from different stakeholder perspectives: customer, utility and society. Different microgrids considered include remote locations (rural electrification), military, commercial and community (campuses). Electricity, as we all know, is an essential contributor to the well-being of people and society. In 2001, the US National Academy of Engineers (NAE) voted â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;electrificationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as the most significant engineering achievement of the past century. Globally, the typical electricity watt use per capita is approximately: US -1400, UK -688, Japan -774, China -390, India -90 and generally 150 watts per person provides the bare necessities. Today, more than 1.4 billion people worldwide lack electricity, mostly in sub Saharan Africa and Asia. Sixty different mini-grids have been deployed in four different states in India, which impact over 13,000 people. Six health clinics have been established in Nepal that service over 22,000 people and they operate on a pay-as-you-go basis. Fifty container-based solutions have been shipped to Africa (specifically, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique) and solar water pump designs

February 2017

will be implemented that will provide reliable, predictable water supply and irrigation in remote regions. A strong argument is being made for the viability of successful special rural zone microgrids. The challenges are not just technical but also socio-economic as villagers will need to be trained to operate and maintain these systems. Rural microgrid models include solar-DG hybrid systems, solar-systems with batteries and full-fledged microgrid systems. Microgrids reduce dependency on conventional power sources viz DG sets, etc., and preserve diesel as a result. A full-fledged microgrid offers functionalities like source prioritization, load prioritization, peak shaving and capacity management between generation resources, power import and export control, etc. Increased adoption of solar power in the energy mix necessitates increased deployment of smart microgrid solutions. The business models adopted in India include distributed diesel generation with a five year build-to-own-transfer (BOT), joint corporate social responsibility (CSR) and community-owned. Since the biggest challenge will be collecting revenue for the electricity, local engagement is likely the best strategy. In Africa, 50 container-based solutions deployed in Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique had an allin-a-box approach that eliminated any need for locally skilled labor. Additionally, the approach allowed for quick installation that reduced costs. India, having an agricultural economy, consumes about 180,000 MU per annum (15.5 percent of total electricity consumption). The irrigation sector has the option to relieve this power requirement from the grid through solar water pumps. Research efforts are being made for designing and building converters for wind turbines and micro-inverters for solar panels with a common goal of maximizing the energy harnessed. Some include successful field trials of solar inverters with custom-built algorithms which have

GuestArticle

a higher yield than the conventional MPPT technique. European DNOs have launched flagship pilots on active network management (ANM), which require specific utility rule sets to manage the impact of renewables on the grid network. Local and cluster level ANMs, in which there is a need for on-line network modeling and merging of protection and automation, are used to maximize the distributed generation. Specific steps have been made to make present day energy management system (EMS) grid control centers equipped to deal with system-wide integration of renewables. Important factors to guide this process include the ability to model the renewables in the network and monotonously improve upon forecasting errors, and the necessity to make the EMS applications leverage these new capabilities. Distribution systems were originally designed and built for unidirectional power flow from the transmission system to the distribution system to the customer. These new renewables impose challenges to distribution grid management due to power flows in the opposite direction. Hence new smart solutions are needed. The objective is to move towards a more intelligent and active distribution system with more intelligent transformers and substations. Standards to ensure interoperability need support and participation at the industry level and need to be consensus-based nationally and internationally. A new

IEC Renewable Energy Scheme (IECRE) has been developed to address standards for marine, solar and wind power. Pakistan is undergoing an energy crisis thanks to irregular and excessive load-shedding in most parts of the country (around 12 hrs/day on average during summer months) that has increased cost per kWh (since 2010, there has been a 70 percent increase in the unit price) and a lack of micro financing options for regions with low electrification rate. Moreover, rural electrification projects involving microgrids (such as MeraGao Power project in India) are non-existent in Pakistan due to many security concerns from foreign investors. Electrification strategies to resolve this include a 100 MWp Quaid-e-Azam solar park in Bhawalpur currently in the construction phase. However, there is a need for efficient DC microgrids for non-electrified regions for cost effective electrification. There are benefits of distributed generation (through PV) and distributed storage coupled with smart load management (through elastic loads). This will go a long way in mitigating the current energy crisis in Pakistan and other developing countries. ■ Jay Giri

Director of Power Systems Technology and Strategic Initiatives at ALSTOM Grid in Redmond, Washington, and an affiliate professor at the University of Washington, Seattle

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February 2017

Interaction

The intensity of our product launches and caliber of the offerings are a reiteration of our R&D prowess

Mr Deepak Thakur Mr Deepak Thakur, CEO, Rishabh Instruments speaks to IEEMA Journal on immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission and allied equipment.

How big is the Make in India opportunity for your company and other initiatives like smart city? Make in India’ was one of the foremost campaigns promoted by the current Government to position India formally on the global business map. The high pitch marketing program across the globe for this campaign, since its inception, has indeed enabled not only better visibility of India as a manufacturing location to international companies but more importantly exponentially added to brand ‘India’ worldwide. While the exact quantum of economic growth in India attributable to incremental manufacturing capacity getting created in India due to this campaign as also additional employment getting generated, is something which will be possible to measure over the medium term, the immediate impact, as I see is two fold – first – impetus to entrepreneurs skills within India and secondly - boost to Indian exports of engineered and technology products and solutions, due to higher receptivity of ‘Make in India’ with international customers. At Rishabh, we have believed in the spirit of ‘Make in India’ for the last three decades. The very first products we manufactured were exported to international customers. Our business ethos, since inception, has been, to deliver consistently ‘best in class’ quality and ‘technology centric’ solutions for the world – which we now see as getting further reinforced with the lime light ‘Make in India’ campaign provides to SME businesses like ourselves. With our international business constituting more than half our revenues with global reach covering over 70 countries, there is substantial brand recognition for Rishabh, however the positive impact of the campaign would surely indirectly further value add to Rishabh as it would for other Indian products in international markets. On the flip side, ‘Make in India’ campaign also sets requirements for certain products and solutions for select verticals and government contracts in India wherein

February 2017

specific percentage of value-add has to be domestically done. This aspect and tremendous business potential will push foreign companies to set up their own facilities or partner Indian companies thru JVs or sub contracting arrangements to serve the market. A positive fall out of such alignments in addition to upward GDP impact would be that Indian companies would get access to global design/engineering and advanced specifications in synch with international benchmarks which will fast forward Indian companies on the technology matrix. In India around 98 cities and towns are in the blueprint to be transformed as Smart Cities. This indeed provides a large scope of opportunities for industries in India to play a catalyst role in the enormous transformation expected to be driven in these select cities. Rishabh product portfolio encompasses metering devices and instrumentation pertinent to electrical and energy measurement and monitoring. One of the cornerstones of the Smart City program would pertain to major transformation of electrical grids, energy conservation initiatives, energy utilization and other such crucial factors. Rishabh has tremendous opportunities with these initiatives, where we can leverage our vast solution basket comprising Industrial Control Products and Test and Measuring Instruments.

What is your overall view and outlook for the power sector? Do you see a smooth ride ahead given some of the initiatives that have been taken by the government? India’s power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Electricity demand in India continues to increase rapidly and is expected to rise further in the coming future. In order to meet the increasing demand for electricity in the country, massive addition to the installed generating capacity is required. The Indian power sector has an investment potential of Rs 15 trillion (US$

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223.67 billion) in the next 4–5 years, thereby providing immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission, and allied equipment, according to Government estimates. While the Government of India is taking a number of steps and initiatives to support the above capacity augmentation, special thrust is being provided to increase green energy share as part India’s overall energy pie. India has set itself ambitious targets of adding 175 GW of renewable energy, including addition of 100 GW of solar power, by the year 2022. The government has also sought to restart the stalled hydro power projects and increase the wind energy production target to 60 GW by 2022 from the current 20 GW. The government’s immediate goal is to generate two trillion units (kilowatt hours) of energy by 2019. This means doubling the current production capacity to provide 24x7 electricity for residential, industrial, commercial and agriculture use. Incremental energy generation will necessarily lead to usage of more measuring and recording instruments. This clearly reinforces good potential for Industrial Control Products and Test &Measurement Instruments over the near to medium term. Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) is the financial turnaround and revival package for electricity distribution companies of India (DISCOMs) initiated by the Government of India with the intent to find a permanent solution to the financial mess that the power distribution is in. This in turn will also catalyse demand for T&M and Industrial Control Products which Rishabh designs and manufactures as there is expected to be more focus on productivity and efficiency as also higher adherence to better safety practices.

How much is your R&D budget as percentage of your sales / profits Rishabh’s state-of-the art R&D facility is perpetually driving advancements and adoption of new technologies to deliver solutions aligned to market expectations. Our robust and structured development process is complimented by complete end to end in-house R&D infrastructure from mould design and manufacture to PCB design and manufacture to testing labs. Our highly energized and capable R&D team has year on year ensured successful product launches for Rishabh. At Rishabh Instruments, we have invested in R&D infrastructure, human resources and capability building consistently over the years with a conviction that this is the core building block of our business. We spend almost a third of our net profits on R&D related revenue expenses with additional spend for related capex. Our R&D facility is approved by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) and the certification lab is accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

with world-class facilities to test our instruments as per IEC, DIN, IS and ANSI standards. It is evident that these facilities and resources provide Rishabh an unique advantage for developing and honing our offerings from time to time. We also leverage our European subsidiary Lumel to augment our own insights of solution requirements in the global arena and keep ourselves abreast of international trends in addition to using the facilities there to supplement our own design and testing efforts. The intensity of our product launches and caliber of the offerings are a reiteration of our R&D prowess. Our product portfolio offers a wide range of solutions today and some of these are based on technology acquisitions and collaborations. Post each technology acquisition, in due time, Rishabh has consistently leveraged its R&D resources to improve and indigenise acquired know-how to create a new generation and improved offerings.

Please share information of some new orders in hand At Rishabh, our order book is associated with the good mix of conventional devices and newly launched state -of -the art products. We have a strong belief that new products we introduce in synch with market requirements will enable better value for not only our customers but also for Rishabh thereby ensuring a win-win. The Indian market is shifting from conventional analog devices to the next generation digital products and hence quantum of digital devices has been witnessing consistent growth. Industries are now more concerned about the energy conservation and quality of the power and are ready to invest in devices which can provide online measurement, recording and analysis of these parameters. Hence our power quality monitoring devices, energy meters, power network meters are in good demand. The new era is of mobile technology and customers are demanding products which are SMART and User Friendly like mobile phones. At Rishabh, we have brought to fructification certain break-through innovations such as touch screen MULTI-function meters. The underlying philosophically is similar to that of mobile phones. These products are extremely flexible and score high on Userfriendliness. These devices have enabled us service several panel builders who provide solutions to the power industry in addition to other applications. Along with these, we also have orders in hand for our Test and Measurement Products like 60 series Digital Multimeter, Rish Clamp Power Meter and Rish Insulation 5Dx. The major pipe line is from the Utility sector and infrastructure verticals. Despite the era of digitization, our analog products are one of its kind. This has enabled us to sustain our position as possibly amongst the largest companies globally in terms of volume. Our order mix here comprises our analog meters, three phase current transformers and CAM switches for various users across a spectrum of industries. ▪ - Shalini Singh, IEEMA

February 2017

InDepth

Remote microgrids currently account for over 50 percent of the total installed microgrids worldwide. Such systems have a huge potential to electrify isolated parts of the world, but they have to be carefully planned to achieve a sustainable energy supply. This article presents the planning dimensions for microgrids in energy-poor communities. It underscores the framework necessary to design, develop, manage and ensure a long-term viability of the systems. Such a framework integrates the social, technical, economic, environmental and the policy perspectives, thus, providing a sound understanding of the processes and the stakeholders over the life cycle of the systems’ development.

bout 20 out of 100 people in the global community still do not have access to a modern energy supply. Most of these people live in the Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These factors, among others, made the United Nation in 2014 launch the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative. SE4All aims to achieve universal access to modern energy supply, double the share of renewable energy and double energy efficiency measures. In addition, in 2015, the UN also produced the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a 17-goal agenda to transform the world, creating a pathway for achieving global sustainable development by 2030. One of these goals focuses on access to affordable and clean energy for all. These strategies are intended to advance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that ended in 2015. However, if these targets are to be realized, huge investment in eco-friendly decentralized energy generation infrastructure will be needed to increase the global electricity access in the short- and medium-term. The electric energy sector is continuously evolving worldwide. One current development is the gradual

transition from centralized to decentralized energy generation technologies. This is constantly being demonstrated in different parts of the world both in on-grid and off-grid applications, i.e. microgrids. Interestingly, remote microgrids currently account for more than 50 percent of the total installed microgrids worldwide. Such systems have a huge potential to electrify isolated parts of the world, but they have to be carefully considered and planned by the energy designers, policymakers, governments, developers, and independent producers, especially in countries with appreciable energy resources. The electric power industries around the world are progressively recognizing the relevance of microgrids. One of the reasons is that they serve as a key alternative for meeting people’s energy needs where there is no access to the electricity grid. In the not-too-distant future, such interest is expected to open new opportunities in developing countries that will lead to widespread use of renewable energy, such as wind, solar, water and biomass, and the storage systems. However, because microgrids based on renewable energy resources are different from the conventional energy systems with which most are familiar, the process of designing,

February 2017

InDepth

planning, developing and managing such energy solutions requires new ways of thinking. One fundamental strategy for planning and ensuring sustainable microgrid systems for energy-poor communities is a user-centered approach. This approach is a pre-design process that considers the user requirements as the starting point and as one of the most critical aspects of the design tasks. A sound understanding of the design process from the users’ perspective is a requirement for achieving practical microgrid solutions. Such an approach addresses one of the reasons several existing off-grid decentralized generation systems in some developing countries have failed. The energy models either have not appropriately included the users’ needs or have not taken their specifications into account. Detailed and accurate information about energy consumers is important. A field-based approach is an effective technique for obtaining such information. This includes a contextual inquiry, on-site surveys, interviews and observation. This approach allows interaction with the people that are involved. The information obtained then takes into account the available energy resources of the locations in designing suitable microgrids for the users. This process is typically a socio-technical dimension of the planning, as the users’ social characteristics form the basis for the technical analysis. Traditionally, electricity system planning and development is approached as a technical and economic problem that considers both the technology and costs of the proposed energy models. This is currently the platform on which most existing renewable energy microgrid systems design are based, and it is an important aspect of the planning process. However, for successful energy solutions, planning and management requires more than the technical-economic analysis. The social aspect is also crucial. Thus, a third dimension is added, with a social analysis added to technology and economics. Furthermore, because the social, the economic and the environmental analyses are central to sustainable development, it is also vital to consider the environmental performance of the proposed solutions. This creates a four-dimensional framework: social-technicaleconomical-environmental. Economics identifies the cost-effectiveness of the solutions and the financial footing for the continuous operation of the systems, while a life cycle environmental impact assessment ascertains the extent to which the solutions can be eco-friendly. These three aspects must then be effectively integrated with the technical perspective if sustainable energy systems are to be developed. These dimensions cut across the four stages of microgrid development - the pre-design, detailed design, implementation and post-implementation. However, if the desired social, technical, economical and environmental sustainability benefits are to be achieved, effective management of the energy systems in the post-implementation phase is critical. There cannot be a

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widespread application of microgrids in the absence of a sound policy and institutional framework. A “PESTLE” approach provides an all-inclusive strategy for effective planning and management analyses: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, and Environmental. Such a model can provide a sound basis for better understanding and planning microgrids for isolated communities in developing countries. As part of the technical scheme, the following are also crucial for achieving sustainable solutions: Complying with global standards such as IEEE Std. 1562, 1013, 1361, 1561 and 1661 hh

Applying best practices

Using standard/approved materials

Using effective maintenance schemes

A holistic systems approach is needed for sustainable microgrid solutions that integrate the framework identified here through the full life cycle of the development. Daniel Akinyele Daniel Akinyele holds a B.E. (first class distinction) in electrical and electronic engineering from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Ramesh K. Rayudu IEEE Senior Member, holds a B.E. (First Class–Distinction) from Osmania University (India), an M.E. from University of Canterbury (NZ) and a PhD in AI and power systems engineering from Lincoln University (NZ)

Richard Blanchard lecturer in renewable energy at CREST, the Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology within the School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering at Loughborough University, United Kingdom.

InFocus

n the approach of the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Smartâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Solutions. The purpose of the Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth that leads to Smart outcomes. Area- based development will transform existing areas (retrofit and redevelop), including slums, into better planned ones, thereby improving livability of the whole City. New areas (green field) will be developed around cities in order to accommodate the expanding population in urban areas. Application of Smart Solutions will enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services. Comprehensive development in this way will improve quality of life, create employment and enhance incomes for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, leading to inclusive Cities. In order to ensure quality and reliable power in smart cities, the development of smart grid is required to accommodate the green and sustainable energy efficiently and maintain stability. The power system in India is growing very fast and has roughly doubled in the last decade. With

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nearly 305 GW of installed capacity, the Indian power system is now the third largest in the world. A power system of this size growing @ 8-10% per year with an increased share of renewable energy requires smarter systems to manage it properly. Smart Grid enables real time monitoring and control of power system as well as helps in reduction of AT&C losses, demand response and demand side management, power quality management, outage management, smart home energy system etc. Smart Grid will act as a backbone infrastructure to enable new business models like smart city, electric vehicles, smart communities apart from more resilient and efficient energy system and tariff structures. Smart Grids are the new watchword. The notion of smartness comes from intelligence being embedded into the electrical network. This smartness generally is expected to enhance value for the end consumer through enhanced and convenient availability of electricity. The need and necessity for Smart Grid in India is well established. Given that India is energy and electricity deficient, it is in fact all the more relevant to be smart about the usage of energy and electricity to deliver low cost electricity. As India moves toward

increased globalization and as the present government rises to the challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century, Smart Grids are taking center stage in the process of delivering safe, convenient and affordable power to all citizens. Indian power system is facing high AT&C Losses, poor distribution network, wide demand â&#x20AC;&#x201C; supply gap of energy, poor asset management etc. Smart grid technology will bring solutions to all of the mentioned problems and sustainability by way of demand side management, demand response, outage management, reduction in AT&C losses and improved customer satisfaction Large investment is expected for Smart Grid Applications in distribution which will provide huge business prospects in coming years. While it is pertinent to note that Smart Grid and now smart cities are becoming the new holy grail of urbanization, let us also pause and think where we are, and where we want to be. When any developed economy talks of Smart Grids it, inherently assumes that the power infrastructure, availability of fuels and governance infrastructure is in place. However, when a developing economy like India talks of smart girds and smart cities, the same

InFocus

assumption do not hold true. In India we are woefully deficient on power infrastructure, fuels for energy and in most cases we have a governance deficit. In such cases Smart Grids become even more relevant in India.

hh Dynamic optimization of grid

Another aspect of the same is the fact that different cities of India are at different levels of urban infrastructure and hence any standards for Smart Grids must enable flexibility of choosing the start and end of Smart Grid projects so that every city may compete against its own goals and benchmarks. And hence every city may aspire to be a smarter city, and not just smart city. Smart Grids creating ideally a seamless connect between generation, transmission, distribution and consumption. Thus for any Smart Grid project to truly be smart one has to address all aspects of standardization which may impact the Smart Grid.

hh Development and

Any nation which is serious about its development and leadership must ensure availability of 24/7 reasonably-priced electricity to all its citizens. Smart Grids are an essential vehicle to enable this. By now it must be evident that we cannot think of smart cities without smarty grids and hence if we really want to fulfill the national vision of smart cities, we need to begin by addressing Smart Grids which enable electricity access to every individual, in every home, in every village, in every district, in every state of our country.

hh Deployment and integration

Characterstics of “Smart Grid” Main feature of smart grid is the application of digital processing and communications to the power grid, making data flow and information management central to the smart grid. The main Characteristics Smart Grid are as follows: hh Increased use of digital

information and controls technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid.

operations and resources, with full cyber-security.

hh Deployment and integration

of distributed resources and generation, including renewable. incorporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and energyefficiency resources.

hh Deployment of `smart’

technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.

hh Integration of `smart’

appliances and consumer devices. of advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal storage air conditioning.

hh Provision to consumers of

timely information and control options.

hh Development of standards

for communication and interoperability of appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.

hh Identification and lowering of

unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and services.”

Barriers in Implementation of Smart Grid There are several barriers in development of smart grid in India. Some of them are as follows: hh Exciting Policy, regulation and

regulatory framework

hh Present Business Scenario

in power sector results in negative business cases. hh High capital and operating

costs of communications network

hh Benefits are constrained by the

regulatory framework

hh Technology maturity and

delivery risk

hh Lack of awareness at

Consumer’s level

hh Access to affordable capital

and risk-return profile

hh Technology obsolescence

risk due to lack of hardware manufacturers

hh Skills and knowledge and

trained manpower in transition phase.

hh Challenge of Cyber security

and data privacy

Opposition and Challanges There is concern on the security of the smart grid infrastructure, primarily that involving communications technology. Designed to allow real-time contact between utilities and meters in customers’ homes and businesses, there is a risk that these capabilities could be exploited for criminal or even terrorist actions. One of the key capabilities of this connectivity is the ability to remotely switch off power supplies, enabling utilities to quickly and easily cease or modify supplies to customers who default on payment. This is undoubtedly a massive boon for energy providers, but also raises some significant security issues. Electricity theft is a concern in the India where the smart meters being deployed use RF technology to communicate with the electricity transmission network. People with knowledge of electronics can devise interference devices to cause the smart meter to report lower than actual usage. Similarly, the same technology can be employed to make it appear that the energy the consumer is using is being used by another customer, increasing their bill.

February 2017

InFocus

Before a utility installs an advanced metering system, or any type of smart system, it must make a business case for the investment. Some components, like the power system stabilizers installed on generators are very expensive, require complex integration in the grid’s control system, are needed only during emergencies, and are only effective if other suppliers on the network have them. Without any incentive to install them, power suppliers don’t. Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a communications infrastructure for a single application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a utility must typically identify several applications that will use the same communications infrastructure – for example, reading a meter, monitoring power quality, remote connection and disconnection of customers, enabling demand response, etc. Ideally, the communications infrastructure will not only support near-term applications, but unanticipated applications that will arise in the future. Regulatory or legislative actions can also drive utilities to implement pieces of a smart grid puzzle. Each utility has a unique set of business, regulatory, and legislative drivers that guide its investments. This means that each utility will take a different path to creating their smart grid and that different utilities will create smart grids at different adoption rates. Some features of smart grids draw opposition from industries that currently are, or hope to provide similar services. An example is competition with cable and DSL Internet providers from broadband over power line internet access. Providers of SCADA control systems for grids have intentionally designed proprietary hardware, protocols and software so that they cannot inter-operate with other systems in order to tie its customers to the vendor. Mature standards and best practices are available and can be readily applied to facilitate

February 2017

Smart Grid deployment. The main problem with adoption seems to be a lack of awareness of those standards by people involved in designing Smart Grid systems at a high level and a lack of clear best practices and regulatory guidelines for applying them. Most opposition and concerns have centered on smart meters and the items (such as remote control, remote disconnect, and variable rate pricing) enabled by them. Where opposition to smart meters is encountered, they are often marketed as “smart grid” which connects smart grid to smart meters in the eyes of opponents. Specific points of opposition or concern include: hh Consumer concerns over

privacy, e.g. use of usage data by law enforcement.

hh Social concerns over “fair”

availability of electricity.

hh Concern that complex

rate systems (e.g. variable rates) remove clarity and accountability, allowing the supplier to take advantage of the customer.

hh Concern over remotely

controllable “kill switch” incorporated into most smart meters.

hh Social concerns over Enron style

abuses of information leverage

hh Concerns

over giving the government mechanisms to control the use of all power using activities

hh Concerns over Radio Frequency

emissions from smart meters

The electrical network is composed of a high number of very distributed nodes that are tightly coupled and operating in real time. Since all the parts of this network have organically grown over many years, even decades, figuring out where intelligence needs to be added is very complex. It is now necessary to manage the integration of new equipment that has a lower life span than traditional network assets. Three to five years for consumer electronics and telecommunications, compared to 40 plus years for lines, cables, and transformers. The other challenge is to integrate interchangeable parts from a variety of different providers worldwide. There is a huge need for interoperability standards that will allow utilities to buy pieces of equipment from any vendor knowing that they will work with each other and with existing equipment at every level.

InFocus

Way Forward i. Smart grid demonstrations and deployment activities take advantage of the catalytic effect of substantial investments in the manufacturing, purchasing and installation of devices and systems. This activity area is also developing a framework for analyzing smart grid metrics and benefits, which is necessary to help build the business case for cost-effective smart grid technologies. ii. Research and development activities advance smart grid functionality by developing innovative, next-generation technologies and tools in the areas of transmission, distribution, energy storage, power electronics, cyber security and the advancement of precise time-synchronized measures of certain parameters of the electric grid. iii. Interoperability and Standards activities ensure that new devices will interoperate in a secure environment as innovative digital technologies are implemented throughout the electricity delivery system, advancing the economic and energy security. iv. The ongoing smart grid interoperability process promises to lead to flexible, uniform, and technologyneutral standards that enable innovation, improve consumer choice, and yield economies of scale.Â Interoperability and standards activities are not limited to technical information standards; they must be advancedÂ in conjunction with business processes, markets and the regulatory environment. v. Interconnection planning and analysis activities create greater certainty with respect to future generation, including identifying transmission requirements under a broad range of alternative electricity futures and developing longterm interconnection-wide transmission expansion plans.

vi. Workforce development intends to address the impending workforce shortage by developing a greater number of well-trained, highly skilled electric power sector personnel knowledgeable in smart grid operations. vii. Stakeholder engagement and outreach activities identify R&D needs for planning, sharing of lessons learned for continuous improvement, and exchanging technical and cost performance data.

Recommendations

trend by product and service offering.

Customers hh Plays critical role by

demanding for more flexible service. hh To encourage more players

to enter in this field in order to make the market competitive hh To help utilities and regulators

to set goals and make conducive policies. hh To increase the awareness

in society.

Regulators

Conclusion

hh Create a regulatory framework

An attempt needs to be made to analyze the key challenges in implementing the Smart Grid concept in India. In most of the advanced countries Utilities have made major achievements in terms of productivity, reliability, and efficiency through the use of Smart Grid technology. Indian utilities are still lagging far behind when compared to other countries. Today their main focus is on providing energy at reasonable price but soon the day will come when the utilities will be focusing on encompassing sustainable use and environmental improvement into their agendas.

which aligns incentives of each member in the value chain

hh Allocate risk and reward

efficiently.

hh Consider both utilities and

customer while making policies.

hh Adopt output based regulatory

system (Reward/Penalties) which stresses on utilities to perform better.

Utilities hh Adopt more holistic approach

about Smart Grids, so that they can convey its future benefits to the customers.

hh Reduce the risk of technology

obsolescence by R&D activities.

hh Undertake large scale pilot

projects and analyze the benefits.

hh Transformation from utility-

centric investment decision to societal-level decisions.

Vendors hh Required to play important role

in policy making process

hh To help utilities to adopt flexible

design and compatibility of Smart Grid fast.

hh To convince customers about

the acceptance of changing

Smart Grids will play a vital role to help utilities in accomplishing this mission. So, the utilities will need to invest heavily in new hardware, software, business process development, and staff training. Further there would be high investment in home area networks and smart appliances by the customers. Achieving the broader view of Smart Grid will require complex task prioritization and right set of policies and regulations to be in place. â&#x2013; Ashok Upadhyay BE (Electrical), M Tech. Hon. (Ind. Engg.) M. Phil (Renewable Energy), PHD Scholar Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

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Opinion

ow-a-days, non conventional energy resources such as photovoltaic systems (PV) are being considered as a future solution for meeting highly increasing power demand. Consequently, this is also minimizing our power dependency over the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels, coals which ultimately cause the global warming concerns. However, injecting PV power into grid is a challenging task because solid state power electronic switches used for connecting PV at the distribution point of grid results in the harmonic distortion of the system. Thus, to overcome this, an effective control scheme of carrier based space vector modulation is proposed in this paper. This method is much simpler than the conventional method of space vector. The proposed method is realised using Matlab/simulink. Also, the corresponding THD results are presented. Energy plays a pivotal role in our daily activities. The degree of development and civilization of a country is measured by the utilization of energy by human beings. Energy demand is increasing day by day due to increase in population, urbanization and industrialization. The worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fossil fuel supply via coal, petroleum and natural gas will thus be depleted in a few hundred years. The rate of energy consumption increasing, supply is depleting in inflation and energy shortage. This is called energy crisis. Hence alternative or renewable sources of energy have to be developed to meet future energy requirement. Due to this reason usage of non conventional energy resources such as hydropower, wind is rapidly increasing. Countries having hydro potential are implementing different turbines technologies for generating electricity and to help utility. Similarly, Wind energy sector is also achieving the progress in wind turbines. In addition to

this, the most promising source of renewable power today, is photovoltaic system. Though renewable energy sources (RES) are promising solution for current power scenario but these sources are intermittent in nature. Thus, a strong research is going on the techniques for improving efficiency and the performance of RES. Here we are considering Photovoltaic system (PV) as a RES. Output of PV is DC and it needs to be converted to AC before injecting to grid. In order to have satisfactory output; it is of prime importance to develop control schemes for the grid coupled inverters which are used for DC to AC conversion. In this paper, Section II explains the block diagram and simulink model. carrier based control scheme is mentioned in part III. Simulation results and conclusion are elaborated in Section IV and V respectively.

System Model and Assumptions System Configuration Different blocks for the system under consideration are mentioned in Fig.1.Here we are using 11KV, 50Hz grid. For injecting output of PV at distribution point we are using 3phase 4 wire transmission network. A voltage source inverter is used for converting DC output of PV system to AC. In addition to this, DC link capacitor is used for having control on 2 sides of the inverter namely; grid side and load side. Control circuit is having logic implemented for carrier based SVPWM. Here, we are analysing the carrier based SVPWM results for both linear as well as non linear load. Lastly, LC filter is also used to minimize harmonics arising due to non linear load switching.

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Opinion

Fig. 3 Subsystem of Inverter Block Fig. 1 Block diagram

Overall Model of the System By following the above block diagram we have prepared simulink model as shown in Fig.2.System parameters are mentioned in Table I.

Solar panel array is composed of PVA model as shown in Fig. 4. Here, Subsystem 1 is representing the model as revealed in Fig 5.In this model there is subsystem 2 which includes the mathematical model of PV cell which can be realised using equation (1).

TABLE 1: System parameters S.No

Parameters

Value

3 Phase Supply from Grid

11kV

Supply Frequency

50Hz

Step Down T/F

1MVA,11kV/415V

Y grounded, Linear load (3 Phase to neutral)

P = 60kW Q = 20kVAR

Nonlinear Load

R = 20 ohm L = 5mH

Filter

C = 810 μF L = 5000H

DC-Link Capacitance and Voltage

20000 μF,585V

Where, q k Icell Iphoto Ireverse Rs Tcell Vcell

ℎ

−

: 1.602 × 10-19 C. : Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10-23 J/0K). : cell output current, Ampere. : photocurrent, (5 Ampere). : reverse saturation current of diode (0.0002 Ampere). : series resistance of cell (0.001 Ω). : cell temperature (20oC). : cell voltage, Volt

Fig. 4 PVA Model

Fig. 2 Simulink Model

Solar Photovoltaic Model

Inverter block shown in above model consists of subsystem of solar panel as well as SVPWM control scheme for inverter. It is as shown in Fig. 4.

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Fig. 5 Subsystem 1

Opinion

Control Scheme Grid synchronization

drives the load, we can also get the reactive power compensation for load. It is shown in Fig. 10.

Output of inverter must be synchronized with the grid. This can be achieved using phase lock loop(PLL). Unit vector templates derived from Ø extracted by PLL through grid are stated as in (4), (5), and (6). Ua=sinθ-------------------------- (4) Ub=sin(θ - 2Π/3)- ------------------ (5) UC=sin(θ + 2Π/3) ------------------- (6) Instantaneous values of voltages can be derived using above unit vectors. These are given by (7), (8) and (9). Va = Vm x Ua----------------------------------------(7)

Fig. 7 Grid voltage & current

Vb = Vm x Ub----------------------- (8) Vc = Vm x Uc----------------------- (9) Where, Vm is the output of PI controller. Error between the reference voltage V*dc and the DC output of PV which are given as inputs for the PI controller generates the active voltage component Vm. Here we are considering the balanced 3 phase system and thus maintaining neutral current as zero using 4th leg of inverter and hysteresis current controller.

Carrier Based Svpwm In this paper we have proposed a carrier based SVM whose simulink model is as shown in Fig. 6. Modulating signals obtained after grid synchronization are added to offset voltage. The modified signals are compared with the high frequency triangular carrier to produce gating signals for inverter switches.

Fig. 8 Inverter voltage & current

Voffset = - (Vmaximum + Vminium/2)----------------- (10)

Fig. 9 Load voltage & current

Fig. 6 Carrier based SVPWM

Simulation Results Power obtained from photovoltaic system is injected into the grid at t = 0.3 sec. Waveforms for grid, inverter and load are as shown below Fig. 7, 8 & 9. We can clearly observe that after injection of renewable energy via inverter, we are getting smooth sinusoidal output along with the improvement of voltage profile. As PV power

Fig. 10 Active and reactive power of load

Fast fourier analysis for calculating the parentage of total harmonic distortion is performed which revealed that harmonic distortion gets reduced from 7.38% to 2.45%. Refer Fig. 11 & 12.

February 2017

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Fig. 11 Before injecting PV power

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Event

ENERGY STORAGE INDIA 2017

Brings Global Industry Leaders in Energy Storage and Micro-grids to India

umbai hosted a specialized International Conference and Expo on Energy Storage and Microgrids with over 250 delegates and 1000+ visitors. The 4th edition of Energy Storage India Conference and Expo was held at the Nehru Convention Centre in Mumbai, organized by Customized Energy Solutions and Messe Dusseldorf India, powered by India Energy Storage Alliance. The event was also supported by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), US Commercial Services and IIT Bombay. Honorable Railway Minister, Shri Suresh Prabhu, was the key note speaker with focus on Make in India and E-Mobility. Shri Suresh Prabhu reaffirmed the Government’s commitment to add 175GW of Renewable Energy (RE) in the grid by 2022 and also emphasized the need of storage to augment integration of RE. Mr. John Zahurancik, President – AES Energy Storage delivered a key note address highlighting drivers for energy storage in India based on AES’s global experience. He announced a joint partnership agreement between AES and Mitsubishi Corporation to deliver India’s First Grid-Scale Energy Storage Array (10MW) to Tata Power DDL. Focus of ESI 2017 was “Moving from Energy Storage Vision to Mission”. During the conference, Mr. Dalip Sharma, M.D. – Delta Power Solutions India announced expansion of Delta’s manufacturing facility in India to include production of Lithium ion batteries. Mr. John Wood, CEO – Ecoult announced a strategic partnership with Exide industries to launch its ultra-batteries in India with a plan to set up manufacturing in 2017. Mr. Brett Galura of AES also invited Indian manufacturers to supply components for AES’s Advancion system. Mr. Sunil Misra, Director General – Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA),

and Dr. Rahul Walawalkar, Executive Director – IESA signed an MoU to facilitate capacity building in Energy Storage Manufacturing, Policy Frameworks and Human Resource Development. The event witnessed strong participation from key policy makers and government bodies including Ministry of Power (MOP), NITI Aayog, MNRE, Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (PGCIL), Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) and National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) as well as state nodal agencies. The Policy and Regulatory session featured an eminent panel comprising of Dr. Pramod Deo (Former Chairperson, CERC), Dr. P C Pant (MNRE) and Mr. Pankaj Batra (CEA) among others. The panelists briefed the audience about various initiatives and policy changes being considered by government agencies to fast track adoption of Energy Storage and Micro grids in India. The participants benefited from knowledge sharing by various international speakers covering USA, Canada, Europe, Russia, China, Australia and Japan. A key highlight of the event was European Space Agency’s announcement on partnering with IESA in leveraging space technology to support micro-grid applications and modeling. The Microgrid Initiative for Campus and Rural Opportunities (MICRO) initiative by IESA was demonstrated during the conference, explaining its unique value propositions for various stakeholders such as investors, developers and equipment suppliers catering to micro-grid market. India saw 46MW of opportunities in 2016 and looks forward to over 100MW of RfPs already announced for 2017. This includes projects by SECI, NTPC, PGCIL, NLC, CEL and REIL. Dr. Bharath Reddy of SECI announced that a total of 13 bids were received for the recently concluded 2x5MW Storage + 50MW Solar PV project in Andhra Pradesh Solar Park. He also mentioned that bidding for 4 similar projects in Karnataka is open till 24th January. IESA announced its first Industrial Awards for 2016-17 at the conference. The awards were divided into 4 categories – “Energy storage Company of the Year” was

February 2017

Event

awarded to Panasonic for deploying over 130MWh of Li-ion batteries for Telecom and Banking applications in India, “Energy Storage Project of the Year” was awarded to PGCIL for their Puducherry project, “Technology Innovation of the Year” was awarded to Pluss Advanced Technologies for their revolutionary work in Phase Change Materials, and “Micro-grid Company of the Year” was awarded to Husk Power for electrifying 15,500 households in India. A special issue of Emerging Technology News (ETN) was also released at this occasion, which honors Business Leaders, Researchers and Policy Makers of Indian origin who have made an impact in the global Energy Storage and Micro-grid sector. The issue will be available at www.indiaesa.info. This year, the conference featured a dedicated track on e-mobility applications and e-transportation with panelists representing Mahindra Electric, GoGreenBOV,

Axiom Energy and other industry stakeholders. Advanced energy storage technologies such as Ultra Capacitors, Lithium Sulphur and flow batteries as well as Emerging Applications including thermal storage and fuel cells were highlighted during the conference. IESA and UL jointly invited nominations from the industry for IESA-UL energy storage standards taskforce to formulize India-based standards on energy storage modules and packs. A key invite-only CXO Roundtable with key policy makers was attended by CEOs of IESA member companies to bridge the existing policy and regulatory gap in the sector and press for a national energy storage policy. The event saw avid participation from key industry stakeholders, academicians, entrepreneurs, business leaders looking to enter the energy storage space and others keenly interested in Energy storage and Micro-grids, deeming ESI 2017 a resounding success.■

ACREX INDIA 2017 – An International Show which is truly National!

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The event promises to be the most coveted event for the Built Environment – Formation of Build Fair Alliance A worldclass venue with international standards and facilities Focussing on the Theme - Rising India: Enterprising & Cool Guest Country: Turkey, Supported by ISIB Focus on MSME‘s

ACREX India will open its doors for the 18th time in Greater Noida, Delhi-NCR, India from 23 to 25 February 2017. South Asia’s leading trade fair on Refrigeration & Cold Chain, Air Conditioning, Ventilation & Intelligent Buildings is organised by Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE) and produced by NuernbergMesse India.

t has been an endeavour of ISHRAE to bring HVAC&R Industry into the forefront and make ACREX India the most coveted event for the built environment. Therefore ISHRAE has formulated a Build Fair Alliance (BFA) this year, with five independent shows catering to the various segments of the Building Construction industry. BFA will bring different players of the Construction Industry

February 2017

under this umbrella and thus offer all stakeholders of the industry an opportunity to acquaint themselves with the latest technology in the field.The Alliance comprises following events and will be conducted at the same venue as ACREX India: ACREX India - covering HVAC, Refrigeration and Building Automation Systems ISH India powered by

Event

IPA – International trade fair showcasing plumbing, sanitation, bathroom & kitchen, renewable energy and home automation systems in India Fire & Security India Expo (FSIE) - previewing Fire safety & security solutions FENSTERBAU FRONTALE INDIA focusing on Façade & Fenestration products glasspro INDIA encompassing solutions and innovations for the glass industry “With every edition, ACREX India is becoming grander than before – offering more opportunities for stakeholders across the industry. Build Fair Alliance is an initiative to bring five strengths of the Built Industry under one roof. All individual experts under the Alliance will present the best ever platform with respect to participation and networking opportunities for the construction industry. We look forward to welcoming you there!” says, Ms. Sonia Prashar, Managing Director, NuernbergMesse India ACREX 2017 is expected to attract 500 exhibitors, 30 percent of them from outside India and more than 50,000 Decision-Makers, Architects, Developers, End Consumers, Advisers and Project Managers. The venue, India Exposition Mart (IEML), Greater Noida, Delhi-NCR, will be hosting the event for the first time. This location provides a larger exhibition area, which meets the call from ACREX exhibitors for more space. Even the area for which firm bookings have been received so far is up 15 percent on 2016. India is the fastest growing economy in the world today – an impressive position it has held since the year 2015. Our theme for this year at ACREX India 2017, Rising India: Enterprising and Cool, is directly linked to the growing economy of India, laying emphasis on how welcoming a country can be. “India is currently one of the favourites of the major international players. The world views our country as an engine for growth for their business,” said Mr. Ashish Rakheja, Chairman, ACREX India 2017. He added, “There is a greater focus on energy efficiency and end consumers, skilled workers and installers all consider there will be more and more need for energy-saving technologies. There is growth in all areas – Hospitals, Retail, Industry, Infrastructure and Commercial development zones – which offer incentives for central industrial plant businesses. The Refrigeration industry is also enjoying continued growth. All of this offers the ideal conditions to make ACREX India 2017 a success”. ACREX India 2017 will have country pavilions hosted by Turkey, Germany and China. Besides these, there is individual participation by 25 countries including USA, UK, UAE, Taiwan, Italy, France, Hong Kong, Russia, Mexico, Sweden, Korea, South Korea, Thailand, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Malaysia, Vietnam and many more. Two new participating countries namely Russia and Hong Kong will also be present. Country delegations are expected from Malaysia, Indonesia,

Turkey and China. One of the biggest highlights this year will be, for the first time we have a Guest Country at our show, Turkey, represented by ISIB, to improve relations between India and Turkey. Besides participation of International Global Players the show will also see International support from organizations like ASHRAE, REHVA, ISKID, CAR, ANPRAC, Eurammon, KNVIK, ISIB, CIBSE, etc.

Focus on MSMEs The intention is also to give small and medium-sized enterprises better opportunities to participate in the trade show. Special packages have been developed for them, including an exhibition area of 6-9 m² with a Hostess provided, along with Airport transfers, Hotel accommodation and tickets for important industry events as part of the trade show. Next year there will also be a focus on increased participation by companies in the automation industry. From the perspective of manufacturers and skilled workers, this sector offers strong parallels with the Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration technology industries.

About ISHRAE The Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE), was founded in 1981 at New Delhi by a group of eminent HVAC&R professionals. ISHRAE today has more than 12,000 HVAC&R professionals as members and additionally there are 7,500 Student-members. ISHRAE operates from 41 Chapters and sub Chapters spread all over India, with HQ in Delhi. It is led by a team of elected officers, who are members of the Society, working on a voluntary basis, and collectively called the Board of Governors.

About NürnbergMesse Group NürnbergMesse is one of the 15 largest exhibition companies in the world. Its portfolio covers some 120 national and international exhibitions and congresses and approximately 40 sponsored pavilions at the Nuremberg location and worldwide. Every year, around 30,000 exhibitors (international share 41 percent) and up to 1.4 million visitors (international share of trade visitors 24 percent) participate in the own, partner and guest events staged by the NürnbergMesse Group, which is present with subsidiaries in China, North America, Brazil, Italy and India. The group also has a network of around 50 representatives operating in more than 100 countries. Contact for Exhibitors

Contact for Press & Media NürnbergMesse India Pvt. Ltd. NürnbergMesse India Pvt. Ltd. Kavita Sharma Manasi Multani T +91 11 47 16-88 27 • T +91 11 47 16-88 43 kavita.sharma@nm-india.com, manasi.multani@nm-india.com

February 2017

Opinion

A growing number of small renewable generators are impacting distribution grid operation: protection, fault location and service restoration and voltage control. The individual impact of these renewables by themselves is benign, however, when their impact compounds on each other at different network locations, operational issues arise. In this article, we present the changes required for full integration of renewables in the distribution grid without curtailing generation.

predicted increase in the capacity level of distributed generation (DG), penetrating some distribution circuits (feeders), will have major impacts on the traditional distribution grid operations: mainly protections and control. Distribution systems are designed assuming that the supply substation is the primary source of electrical power, and the flow of energy (active power) is directed from the substation through service transformers to the customer service delivery points (consumer connection) always in the same direction. Small capacity distributed generators have always been connected to the distribution circuits. However, until now the aggregated capacity of these generators was not enough to produce any impact on grid operations.

In most cases traditional DGs did not change the direction of the flow in the primary distribution -- their generation was controllable and serving particular customers. Because of this, both distribution system protection and Volt/VAR control continued to operate in the conditions for which they were designed. In the rare occasions when reverse flow occurred, it was predictable and affected only small parts of the feeder. Distribution systems are dealing now with an increasing number of renewable distributed energy resources (DER) – solar photovoltaic (PV), wind generators, and to less degree, rechargeable energy storage (batteries) -- owned by individual small consumers. These DERs typically have a kilowatt capacity in the single digits, and are connected to the customer service delivery points (behind the meter). In spite of the fact that the typical generation capacity of these DERs is smaller than the peak capacity of the customer load, the aggregated

effect of all renewable DERs may have a negative impact in distribution grid operations. The reason for this is in the nature of renewable DER generation, which is determined by solar and wind availability, and not by demand. Renewable DER peak production usually happens when consumption is low (daytime for PVs, night for wind). DER production is also exposed to intermittence: cloud covering and wind speed. An additional problem caused by behind-the-meter DERs is related to the load balancing between phases. Small DERs are single phase, and until recently their phase connection was practically random. The unbalanced phase loading may lead to increase in the neutral current and voltage unbalance, even when the total phase current decreases. The aggregated effect of renewable DERs affects three main areas of distribution grid operations: hh Protection. DERs impact the value and direction of fault current, which may cause wrong actions of the distribution grid overcurrent protections (both relays and fuses). For example, a fuse may be melted and a circuit breaker tripped as a result of high DER’s reverse flow loading, especially when duration is significant. DER fault current may trip the wrong circuit breaker. For example, the circuit breaker of the feeder where DERs are connected may be mistakenly tripped when the fault happened on another feeder, if both feeders are connected to the same feeder head busbar. hh Fault location, isolation and service restoration. DER

affects both fault location and service restoration functionality. DER fault current triggers fault

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Opinion

indicators between the fault and the DER locations, when the actual fault is located upstream from the DER, leading to wrong fault location diagnosis. Service restoration requires information of the load of the reconfigured feeder section during time interval the abnormal topology may exist. Presence of DERs masks actual load of the reconfigured section which may be higher than observed making the new topology unsustainable. hh Voltage control. Reversed flow caused by DER may

create voltage violations. The reason is the basic fact that traditional Voltage Regulators (LTC transformers and autotransformers) control voltage in the direction of the flow, and not in the opposite. Most step voltage regulators (SVR) monitor the direction of active power and automatically change the mode of operation from forward to reverse when the flow direction is changed. In the reverse mode SVR can regulate voltage on the opposite bus or be blocked. As result, voltages in the areas of reversed flow are determined by DERs, and not by the voltage regulators.

The simplest approach in preventing operational problems described above is to curtail renewable DERs capacity preventing reversed flow and eliminating their aggregated effect on the distribution grid operations. Utilities may establish the maximum power that can be generated by DERs in each protection zone, service restoration schema, and voltage regulation area. However, this approach limits the amount of DER and may prevent some states from reaching their renewable goals.

To promote the increase of renewables, full DERs integration in the distribution system operation is needed, which requires significant enhancements in the modern distribution systems. First, existing overcurrent protections should be upgraded to more sophisticated distance and directional protections. This step will impact not only substation circuit breakers and feeder reclosers but also the fuses protecting laterals and service transformers which should be upgraded to relays and switches. Fault indicators should become directional too. Service restoration schemas will require a forecast of the load and DER generation in the reconfigured feeder sections separately. The forecast should be done for all duration of the expected abnormal topology taking into account weather conditions that affect both generation and consumption. The issue with voltage regulation requires the modification of the inverters that connect renewable DERs to the grid. Most customer-owned renewables are currently connected through inverters that keep unity power factor. The inverter should respond to the voltage at the connection point by regulating reactive power. If the local voltage is within limits, the inverter can support the required power factor (leading or lagging). And finally, in case of reversed flow through service transformer, the DER inverters should be coordinated with the utilities Volt/VAR Control function. ■ Ilya Roytelman

IEEE Senior Member, is a Principal Engineer in Distribution System Applications at Open Access Technology International Inc.

Jose Medina Palomo

IEEE Senior Member, is the Vice President of Smart Grid Applications and Systems Development at Open Access Technology International Inc.

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

February 2017

2400/-

Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 “Bank of India”, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

TechSpace

articulate matter (particles) is one of the industrial air pollution problems that must be controlled. Power plants are also responsible for emission of hazardous particles. With rapid growth of industries and increasing demand of power, this problem becoming more severe. As per the environment protection act 1986,it is mandatory for all industries to strictly follow the rules regarding particle emission as they relate to protection and improvement of environment as well as the protection of hazards to human beings, other leaving creatures, plants and property. [12] Increasing awareness on the harmful effect of particulate emission from power plants and other industries has resulted in demand on suitable measures to reduce the emission from chimney by adopting additional equipment’s/controls. Many research activities are going on to find the solution for this severe problem. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is one of the important solutions for controlling particle emission. This paper focuses on concept of ESP, its working, advantages and limitations. Paper also includes discussion about current problems faced during practical use of ESP.

substantial air pollution through emission of flyash particles. Incomplete combustion results in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) and other chemical compositions. Factory workers who are exposed to PAH’s may develop cancer and experiences other negative effects.[1] The new environmental regulations pay more and more attention to these particles, as they can be potentially hazardous for human health.[5] Severe well-known devices used to control aerosol particles include filters, gravitational settling chambers, centrifuged cyclones, scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators etc.[1] ESP are large industrial emission control units, which are designed to trap and remove dust from exhausted gases. These are the most popular devices used to control air pollution in many industrial applications such as cement kilns, coal fired boilers, incinerators, steel plants and others. In 1905, Dr. F. G. Cottrell first introduced the concept of electrical equipment for collection of dust and the first commercial ESP was developed in 1937.[5]

ESP Phenomena

Fig.1 Pollution due to industries

With rapid growth of industry and increasing power plants, particle emission problem becoming more severe. Coal fired plants in thermal plants cause

Fig.2.1 Electrostatic precipitator in practical use

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TechSpace

ESP is nothing but the mechanical equipment or part, charged with high voltage power supply to collect dust from the industrial processes. Following are the critical steps involved in ESP operation: hh

Generate corona

Charge dust particles

Collect dust particles

Construction of ESP

Theory of precipitation Every particle either has or can be a made into a charge positive or negative. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s suppose we impart a negative charge to all the particles in a gas stream. Then suppose we set-up a grounded plate having a positive charge. What would happen? The negatively charged particles would migrate to the grounded collection plate and be captured. The particles would quickly collect on the plate, creating a dust layer. The dust would accumulate until we removed it, which we could do by rapping the plate or by spraying it with a liquid.

Operation When HVDC is applied to the discharge electrode, a corona discharge takes place. Ions and electrodes are produced at the corona point and ionic current flows through the space. The ion polarity is either positive or negative. These ions attach to suspended solid particles. These charged particles are moved towards the collecting electrode by a Coulomb force and are collected on the electrode. When the thickness of the layer of the collected solid particles reaches a predetermined level, the collecting electrode is rapped mechanically using a hammer and the layer falls down into a hopper located below. These particles are then carried away to outside the ESP.[9] Peekâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s law can be used to estimate the electric field at the corona electrode surface.[6]

Fig.3.1 ESP components

ESP having only few steps in its operation, but its practical model consists of many electrical and mechanical components. Some of the major components are as below:

Dischage Electrode

Fig.3.2 Discharge electrode

These are either small diameter metal wires that hang vertically (in ESP) a number of wires attached together in rigid frames, or a rigid electrode from a single piece of fabricated metal. Discharge electrode creates a strong electric field that ionizes flue gas and these ionization charges particles in the gas. These are isolated from body and having sharp notches.[13]

Collection electrodes

Fig.3.3 Collection electrode

These electrodes collect charged particles. These electrodes either flat plates or tubes with a charge

Fig.2.2 Schematic diagram of ESP

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opposite that of discharge electrode. These are generally mounted on the structure and parallel to the gas flow directions. These are at ground potential.[13]

Rappers

in two different modes, named here as continuous and pulsed operation. An ESP with continuous energization operates with constant voltage in the range of 30 kVdc to 100 kVdc. Large particles and high dust loads can be dealt with effectively using this strategy. In pulsed operation, the ESP is fed with periodic high-voltage pulses in the range of 0 to 100 kVdc. This method is effective for reducing back corona and also for improving the collection efficiency of high resistivity dusts.[2]

Fig.3.4 Rappers

Rappers impart a vibration or shock to the electrodes, removing the collected dust. Rappers remove dust that has collected on both collection electrode and discharge electrode. These are the hammers driven through the induction motors, driven through rapper programmer. Rapper panels are generally motorized or microprocessor based.[13]

High voltage equipment ESP without HV power supply is deadbox.High voltage equipment provides the electric field between the discharge and collection electrodes used to charge particles in the ESP. High voltage equipment set accomplished by using power supply sets consisting of three components, a step-up transformer, a high voltage rectifier and control, metering & protection circuitry. These power sets are also commonly called transformerrectifier (T-R)sets. T-R sets are generally following types: hh

Conservator/Conventional type: Commonly used in India

Hermetically sealed: Insisted in Europe and USA

Nitrogen Blanket: Mostly preferred

Location of TR set is generally on ground or on ESP roof. Charging unit is normally specified in..KV..mA. Transformer and control panel related to high voltage supply for ESP is shown in fig. The rectifier converts alternating current to direct current .Direct current is required for electrical precipitation. Most modern precipitators use solid-state silicon rectifiers and oil filled, high-voltage transformers. The control circuitry in modern precipitator is usually a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) automatic voltage controller with a linear reactor in the primary side of transformer. Meters also included in the control circuitry to monitor the variations in electrical power input. The most commonly used meters are primary voltmeter, primary ammeter, secondary voltmeter, secondary ammeter, spark meter etc.[13] Large particles and high dust loads can be addressed effectively by high frequency power supplies, whereby fine particles can be separated efficiently by pulsed power supplies.An ESP can essentially operate

Fig.3.5 Equipmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s associated with high voltage supply for ESP

Hoppers

Fig.3.6Hopper

Hoppers are located at the bottom of the precipitator. These are mostly in cone shape and one for each field or more for bigger fields. These are used to collect and

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TechSpace

temporarily store the dust removed during rapping process, before it is disposed in landfill or reused in the process. Hoppers are usually designed with a 50° to 70° (60° is common) slope to allow dust to flow freely from the top of the hopper to the bottom discharge. They are also provided with heaters and dust sensors because full hopper short the field and make HV to zero.[13]

Feedback circuit

High temp of TR-oil

Shell

Top float of TR-Gas formation

Safety line open-not healthy

Customer interlocks

Accept, Reset, Local/Remote indication with hooter

Simulation and record during installation.

a) Current feedback - Drop across the series R b) Voltage feedback: Drop across the shunt

Alarm Circuit

Trip circuit hh

High temperature of TR-Oil

Fig.3.7 Shell

Bottom float of TR-Severe gas formation/less oil

The shell provides the base to support the ESP components and to enclose the unit. The shell structure encloses the electrodes and supports the precipitator components in a rigid frame to maintain proper electrode alignment and configuration. The outer sheet or casing wall is usually made of low-carbon or mild-grade steel that is 0.5 to 0.6 cm thick. Shells, hopers and connecting flues should be covered with insulation to conserve heat and to prevent corrosion resulting from water vapour and acid condensation on internal precipitator components[13]

AC current high

Under voltage-Hopper full

CO high-Unsafe condition

Customer interlocks

Accept reset (Rectify the fault condition) local/ remote indication with hooter.

Insulators

Precipitator efficiency (Opacity/elect. Power) is generally measured by using opacity meter. Stack emissions are generally measured in mg/m3.[2]

Types of ESP There are various types of ESP according to their application and they are classified as cylindrical type and plate type (shape of collecting electrodes), vertical gas flow and horizontal gas flow (direction of gas-flow), one-stage and two-stage (electrodes geometry) and Dry and wet type (with and without using water).[9]

Abnormal phenomena affecting performance of ESP Fig.3.8 Insulator for ESP

Insulators are provided on ESP roof housed in HV duct. The HV Emitting Electrode assembly mounted on the insulators. These are made of porcelain or silicate. Creepage or electrical rating is 1.5 times of the TR set rating. Insulators are fundamental elements for precipitators because they perform several functions such as insulation, stiffness, supporting mechanical and electrical forces& torques. The main goal of insulator consists of insulating electrically the rest of the ESP components. [7]

February 2017

Many research teams are looking for new way to improve the process of ESP. However designing a new kind of precipitator is not possible without detailed understanding of all phenomena affecting the process[5]. Major of them are discussed below:

Dust resistivity Measurement of dust resistivity is very important because it affects the performance of ESP. The gas temperature, water content and gas composition affects the dust resistivity. Usually the peak value of dust resistivity appears at 150°C to 200°C. [9]

TechSpace

Reentrainment

In order to improve the performance, there is need of considering the above abnormal phenomena while designing the ESP.

Advantages of ESP High efficiency (UP to 99.9%)[3] Low pressure drop[8] Easy removal of collected particles[8] Fig.4 Abnormal dust-reentrainment

Capacity of handling large volume of flue gases[8]

Reentrainment is the re-entry of collected dust into interelectrode spacing. Dust particles are coagulated on collecting electrode and this reentrained dust usually is easy to collect if they are charged appropriately. Some fine particles however also can reentrain without coagulation. These fine particles are difficult to collect. Reentrainment reduces the efficiency of ESP. Fig. shows the abnormal reentrainment. Conductive particles lose their charge when they are collected, and are charged to opposite polarity due to induced charging. These particles are lifted into the space by the electric field, and then again are charged by the corona discharge. The particles jump on the collecting electrode and exhausted to outside of ESP. [9]

The maintenance charges are low[8]

Back-corona

High capital cost because uses HV equipment[8]

When the apparent dust resistivity þd ≥5×108Ωm, back corona takes place. Inside the dust layer, an electric field Ed is established due to corona current. Ed= þd id≤Edb. With increase in dust resistivity, Ed becomes high and electric breakdown takes place, when Ed reaches Edb. From the breakdown points, ions of the opposite polarity to corona discharge are emitted, resulting in the neutralization of particle charge and increase in corona current. When negative corona is used, the breakdown cause positive streamers propagating towards the discharge electrode and/or surface of the dust layer. This streamer propagation results in a reduction of the flashover voltage. In the range of þd between 5×108 and 109Ωm, back corona cause excessive sparking. The number of breakdown points is limited and streamers propagates towards the discharge electrode. These streamers bridge the electrode spacing and turn to flashover or excessive sparking. The operation of the ESP becomes unstable. With further increase in þd>1010Ωm, the number of breakdown points in the dust layer increases and finally the entire surface of the dust layer glows. This is called ‘general glow mode’. A large number of ions of opposite polarity is emitted to space. This causes an increase in the corona current. The propagation of streamer into space is diminished. The back-corona neutralizes the particle charging and the function of the ESP is severely deteriorated.

Requirement of more space[8]

Easy maintenance as number of moving parts is small. Easy to operate It is most effective with high dust loaded gas (100 gm. per m3) Dust is collected in dry form Fine particles can be collected effectively over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.[9] The power consumption is low because the pressure drop is small 1 to 2kPa, and the current density is low i.e.0.3A/m3

Limitations of ESP

If gas velocity above the designed speed increases, its collection efficiency is reduced i.e. the maximum collecting efficiency is maintained only for one value of gas velocity for which the system is designed.[8]

Applications of ESP Collection of smoke aerosol particles (i.e. .PAH’s) from wood combustion.[1] In thermal power stations, paper mills[9] In cement plants for lime stone, clinkers and cement dust.[9] In steel plant for iron ore particles, in copper plants, chemical plants and for removing diesel exhaust. ESP for Martian environment: Currently work is going on to develop ESP able to collect martian stimulated dust particles in atmospheric conditions approaching those of Mars.[4] For indoor air cleaning.[9] Removal of dioxin from incinerators.[9]

Major manufacturers of ESP & related components in India

Corona quenching by space charge

There are many industries producing ESP and related components. Some are listed as below

When the dust particles are very small and the density is high, space charge formed y charged particles reduces the field strength at the tip of the discharge electrode, resulting in the quenching of corona discharge.

hh hh hh hh

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) Kraft Powercon Adobe Power Hind Rectifier

February 2017

TechSpace

hh hh

VT Corp Pvt Ltd Mazda Limited

electrostatic precipitator.”

Conclusion Electrostatic precipitator plays an important role in controlling environmental pollution caused by various industries and power plants. It is having better performance as compared to other particle collecting devices. High collection efficiency is achieved by continuous development in its design. Although much more development is done in design of ESP, there are some practical problems affecting the performance of ESP. More research work and study in this area required to enhance the performance of ESP. In short ESP having its own importance in pollution control activity along with further scope of improvement in its performance. REFERENCES 1 Chayasak Ruttanachot, Yutthana Tirawanichakul, Perapong TekasakulAerosol and Air Quality Research, 11: 90–98, 201“Application of Electrostatic Precipitator in Collection of Smoke Aerosol Particles from Wood Combustion” 2 Dr.Norbert Grass, Dr.Werner Hartmann,Michael Klockner Yutthana Tirawanichakul, Perapong Tekasakul1,Siemens AG, IEEE 0-7803-7420-7/02“Application of different types of high voltage supplies on industrial electrostatic precipitators 3 J.Podlinski,A.Niewulis,V.Shapoval and J.Mizeraczyk,IEEE transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,vol.18,no. 5,October 2011,“Electrohydrdynamic secondary flow and particle collection efficiency in a one-sided spike-plate type

4 C.I.Calle,P.J. Mackey,M.D.Hogue,M.R.Johansen,J.D.K elley,J.R.Phillips,J.S.Clements,ELSEVIER,26 Oct.2012, “An Electrostatic Precipitator System for the Martinal Environment”. 5 K.Adamiak,ELSEVIER,Journal of electrostatics 71(2013)673-680,“Numerical models in simulating wire-plate electrostatic precipitators:A Review” 6 Tsrong-Yi Wen,Hsiu-Che Wang,Igor Krichtafovitch,AlexanderV. Mamishev,ELSEVIER,Journal of electrostatics 73(2015) 117124 “Novel electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator for air filtration” 7 Fernando Menendez ,Alberto Gomez,Francisco Voces,Virgilio Garcia ,ELSEVIER,Journal of electrostatics 76(2015) 188-193,“Porcelain insulators in electrostatic precipitator-Review” 8 Book- J.B.Gupta,”A course in Power systems” 9 A.Mizuno,IEEE transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,Vol.7 No.5,October-2000, “Electrostatic Precipitation”. 10 Won-Ho Kim,Jong-Soo Kim,Geun-Hie Rim, C.U.Kim, “A high voltage pulsed power system for electrostatic precipitators”. 11 Agung Sudrajad and Ahmad Fitri Yusof ,ELSEVIER,icseea 2014, “Review of electrostatic precipitator device for reduce of diesel engine particulate matter” 12 Environment protection act,1986 (No.29) 13 https://www.neundorfer.com/FileUploads/CMSFiles/ ESP%20Components[0].pdf. ■

Yogesh B Mandake

Electrical engineering department, A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai- , Maharashtra, India

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

February 2017

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Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 “Bank of India”, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

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Transmission line among the other electrical power system component suffers from unexpected failure due to various random causes. Because transmission line is quite large as it is open in environment. A fault occurs on transmission line when two or more conductors come in contact with each other or ground. This paper presents a proposed model based on MATLAB software to detect the fault on transmission line.Fault detection has been achieved by using relay and Circuit Breaker based convention system. In this paper, some of the unconventional approaches for condition monitoring of power systems comprising of relay Breaker, along with the application of soft computing techniques like artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm and hybrid combinations based on these have been studied.

he objective of the faulted section diagnosis method is to identify faulted components in the power station e.g. generation units, power transformers, autotransformers, service transformers, buses and lines that based on the status of protective relays and circuit breakers. To reduce the outage time and ensure stable and reliable supply for electric power for customers, it is essential for control centers to quickly identify the faulted section in power system prior to start restoring actions. Therefore, the operators must have the capability to estimate and restore the faulted section in an optimal procedure. An effective diagnosis system is required to suggest the possible way to remove faults and assist the operator to protect the systems. Recently, the possibility of implementing the heuristic rules using expert systems has motivated extensive works on the application of expert systems in fault diagnosis. Considerable efforts have been made toward developing fault diagnosis system. Most of these efforts are based on Expert Systems (ES)[1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3]. Although ES based approach offers powerful solutions to the fault diagnosis, but it has shortcomings, e.g. the procedure of knowledge acquisition and knowledge base revision or maintenance is quite burdensome. In addition, dealing with the large

amount of data is difficult due to the conventional knowledge representation and inference mechanisms. During the last two decades, much research work has been done for estimating the fault section diagnosis in a power system by using several artificial intelligence approaches. Such as, artificial neural networks[4, 5], genetic algorithm (GA)[6], fuzzy Petri nets [7,8], family eugenics based evolution theory[9] and immune algorithm[10]. However, the only work addressing the power plant control and fault diagnosis[11] that aimed to control and supervision the plant system control of the station but not related to the protection system of all station through generation units, transformers, buses and lines. Since there are some wrong and missed signals in a power system, which may be caused by data transmission error or loss, in addition to mal operation and no operation of circuit breakers or relays, uncertainty reasoning is highly recommended to diagnose the systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s faulted section. Among the existing uncertainty reasoning approaches, the fuzzy relations approach is accurate, which applied on the power system that include the transmission lines and bus bars[12]. The techniques for protection of transmission lines can be broadly classified into the following categories

February 2017

TechSpace

Impedance measurement based methods

Travelling-wave phenomenon bed methods

High-frequency components of currents and voltages generated by faults based methods

Intelligence based method

From quite a few years, intelligent based methods are being used for protection of transmission line.In this paper, various techniques for protection of transmission line are discussed. The various techniques include â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ANN, FUZZY, GENETIC ALGORITHM. For a modern power system, high speed fault clearance is very critical and to achieve this objective various techniques have been developed. This paper discusses the various techniques to achieve fault detection, classification and isolation in transmission line.

transmission lines. Only three line currents are sufficient to implement this technique and the line currents at relaying point were first processed to discrete fourier transform. The angular differences between the obtained sequence components of fundamental during fault and pre-fault current phasors are used as inputs of the fuzzy logic system. In fuzzy logic inference system, singleton fuzzifier method and mamdani inference systems are usually employed to obtain the crisp output of the fault type. And, for defuzzification centroid method is the most considerable method to defuzzify the output [20]. The steps involved in fuzzy logic system (FLS) are as shown in fig. 2 below:-

Problem Formulation The commonly model used for AC overhead transmission lines is called pi model network, Where shunt admittance has been even divided into two shunt elements connecting to both ends of a pi equivalent network. A 735 KV, 300km long transmission line system connects with generator having capacity of 1500 MW is used to develop and implement the proposed architectures and algorithms for this problem. The simulation model of three phase transmission line is shown in fig. 1.

Figure 2: Fuzzy logic based Fault classifier

Another way to employ fuzzy technique for protection of transmission line is to incorporate wavelet technique with it. The main feature of this tool is its ability to employ localized time/frequency analysis of fuzzy data for fault detection and identification purposes.

Fuzzy logic systems are subjective and heuristic and in general, they are simpler than the wavelet transform or the neural network based techniques. The application of fuzzy logic for exploring complex, non-linear systems, diagnosis systems and other expert systems, particularly when there is no simple mathematical model to be performed provides a very powerful and attractive solution to classification problems[19].This proposed scheme may not get widely affected by wide variety of pre-fault system loading level, fault level and fault distance far from relay point.

In this technique, firstly, data is collected and then preprocessed. The next step is feature extraction which defines distinct pattern of data that is associated with a particular fault. It uses wavelet transform technique to extract feature of different faults. The wavelet transform generates wavelet coefficients which are non-linearly combined with fuzzy inference mechanism. Fuzzification is done to fuzzify the features which means it provides a special kind of flexible filtering, faster measuring algorithms that speed up the relays may be used [21].Then intelligent decision making is performed by comparing the fuzzified feature with the templates stored in knowledge base. And to measure robustness of the process, to terms are defined i.e. identifiability and detectability. These two measures aims at minimizing the sensitivity of detection performance to modeling uncertainties, errors and noise in the system. Detectability is the extent to which the presence of feature signature (smallest) is detected and is related to percentage of false alarms. Identifiabilty is the step which distinguishes between various feature modes once the feature is detected. Detectability and identifiablity depends upon number of factors which vary from one system to another. Learning is done to enhance the knowledge base which helps in detection and identification process.

Fuzzy-logic based technique may be used to identify the various types of faults that usually occur in power

Thus, combined fuzzy and wavelet technique has opened a new avenue for fault detection and identification of

Figure 1. Block Diagram of proposed scheme

Intelligent Control Technique (Fuzzy Logic Based Control)

February 2017

TechSpaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

complex systems[22]. Fuzzy system incorporated with neural network is discussed in the next section.

Smart Control Technique (ANN Based Control) Artificial neural network is composed of number of interconnected units (artificial neurons) and these networks are inspired by the learning processes that take place in biological systems. An artificial neural network is composed of many artificial neurons that are linked together according to specific network architecture. ANN has three layers i.e. input layer, hidden layer and output layer. ANN has primarily a high degree of robustness and ability to learn and have capability to work with incomplete and unforeseen input data[13]. Conventional distance relays may not operate correctly under certain conditions such as non-linear arc resistance, high impedance fault and variable source impedance. But if such relays are implemented with ANN, such problems can be addressed[14]. Also, ANN techniques can adapt dynamically to system operating conditions at high speed and solves the problem of reach and over-reach. Neural approach is considered to be fast, robust and accurate[15]. For protection of transmission line with ANN, it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require any communication link to retrieve remote end data rather it takes data from local end only i.e. voltages and currents are taken from the bus bar. Then, pre-processing of obtained signal can be done to bring it into ANN level. Signal which needs to be pre-processed has to be passed through certain steps which includes A/D conversion, anti-aliasing filtering, normalization (-1, +1) and finally through DFT filter to extract fundamental components of voltages and currents. Then, after obtaining inputs, ANN performs its function of fault detection, classification and isolation by considering different networks. These networks take different neurons for different layers and different activation functions between input and hidden layer

and hidden and output layer to obtain desired output. These networks may include either of the neural network back-propagation or radial basis function for this task. Back propagation algorithm is the most widely used for such applications[16]. It is observed that the radial basis function neural network have ability to identify the precise fault direction more rapidly. This makes it suitable for the real-time purposes also[17]. Also, with the help of adaptive setting of distance relay if it is implemented with ANN, zone settings can beextended and sensitivity of protection can be increased, enhancing system security. Thus, ANN helps in protectionof transmission line against different fault conditions. The ANN relay can operate correctly when faced withdifferent fault conditions as well as network changes presenting a much better performance if compared to ordinaryrelays [18].Thus; it provides fast and reliable operation. ANN tool opens a new benchmark to relay philosophy, whichwould be widely investigated in order to some various problems associated with distance protection of transmissionlines. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a search algorithm which is based on the mechanism of natural selection and natural genetics. The fundamental principle involved behind this is that the fittest member of a population has the highest probability for survival. There is a fitness value associated to each chromosome. The better the solution the chromosome represents, the larger its fitness and its chances to survive and produce offspring. In this context, the objective function establishes the basis of selection. The GA depends on two basic kinds of operators: genetic and evolutionary. Genetic operators, namely crossover and mutation, are responsible for establishing how individuals exchange or simply change their genetic features in order to produce new individuals. Evolutionary operators deal with determining which

Figure 2: Simulation model of three phase transmission line

February 2017

TechSpace

individuals will experience crossover or mutation. Essentially, a GA tries to minimize or maximize the value presumed by the fitness function. In many cases, the development of a fitness function can be based on this return and can represent only a partial evaluation of the problem. Additionally, the algorithm must be fast, because it will analyze each individual from a population and its successive generations. Thus, Genetic Algorithm (GA) solves optimization problems based on natural selection principles.

Various conditions may be considered such as different types of faults, faults resistances and fault distances. Betterperformance is obtained with GA as compared to conventional techniques[23].

51.5 to -22.4

16.0 to -37.5

14.0 to -14.0

Line BC fault

14.0 to -14.2

38.15 to -33.2

26.6 to -25.0

Line AC fault

36.83 to -14.23

14.0 to -14.0

22.12 to -49.8

Line AB-G fault

51 to -25.7

13.2 to -38.1

16.5 to -14.15

Line BC-G fault

14.8 to -19.35

34.6 to -36.1

26.3 to -34.42

Line AC-G fault

45 to -15.9

15.9 to -14.3

20.4 to -45.6

3 phase fault

51.3 to -18.2

23.5 to -46.8

25.9 to -40.68

3phase-G fault

51.31 to -17.94

26.09 to -40.91

25.22 to -46.25

Following Fig. Shows the result of Current for Different Fault Conditions with Circuit Breaker, The magnitude of currents is in per unit and Time is in second. Current Response in Transmission Line 15

PhaseC

-5 PhaseB -10

-15

Result and discussion

PhaseA

Current

For distance protection of transmission line, the fundamental values of currents and voltages are obtained from power system simulation. The first step is to detect the fault and for this purpose, the current signals are stored in memory. With the occurrence of new sample, it is compared with the corresponding sample one cycle earlier. If change is greater than certain value, the fault condition is detected. The next step is digital filtering and for this GA algorithm is utilized to estimate the fundamental frequency phasors. Then, fault classification is done to choose the voltage and current involved in fault adequately to calculate the apparent impedance seen by distance relay. The apparent impedance and fault distances are calculated for various types of fault conditions. Finally, the calculatedapparent impedance is proportional to distance to the fault, protection zone is inferred.

Line AB fault

0.02

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.2

0.18

Time

Table 1 : Peak to Peak Value of Current for Different Fault Condition Fault condition

Line A (PU)

Line B (PU)

Line C (PU)

No Fault

14.0383 to -14.07

14.0383 to -14.02

14.0383 to -10.02

Line A-G Fault

35.6 to -19.0

22.7 to -17.52

15.5 to -17.45

Line B-G Fault

16.9 to -13.8

21.3 to -30.48

17.45 to -13.82

Line C-G Fault

17.5 to -20.78

15 to -14.9

20.5 to -32.0

February 2017

Figure 3: Current Response of System in Normal operating Mode

40 PhaseA 30 phaseB PhaseC

Current

-10

-20

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Time Figure 4: Current Response of System for Single Line to Ground Fault (Phase A)

60 PhaseA

50 40 30

PhaseC

Current

The simulations for the various types of faults were carried performed and the various values forboth faulted and non-faulted current were taken and recorded. The following blocks were used inbuilding the logical model for fault detection.The model used in simulink to study the response of the Transmission Line with Circuit Breaker is shown below. The analyses are done for two different operating conditions and according to the type of various waveforms are evaluated. And the variation in voltage and the currents are analyzed. The value of voltages and currents are calculated by taking the data.

20 10

PhaseB

0 -10 -20 -30 -40

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Time

Figure 5: Current Response of System for Line to line Fault (Phase A & B)

TechSpace

60 PhaseA 40 PhaseB

Current

PhaseC

-20

-40

-60

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Time Figure 6: Current Response of System for triple line Fault (Phase A, B&C)

Conclusion & Further Extension The proposed method uses an relay breaker based scheme for fast and reliable fault detection. Various Asymmetric fault (Single line to ground and double line to ground fault) are simulated and an Breaker based algorithm is used for detection of these faults. Performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using various fault types and encouraging results are obtained. The simplicity of this design based on fuzzy logic, causes a drastic reduction in loss on distribution systems due to prolonged outages of feeder downtime during faulted conditions. Due to the flexibility of the neural networks which accept any real values (highly correlated or independent) as an input, resistant to errors in the training data and fast evaluation. The results obtained demonstrate that the performance of the back-propagation (BP) neural network architecture was highly satisfactory. Neural networks, in general, provide a reliable and an attractive alternative approach for the development of a protection relaying system for the power transmission systems. Further work can be carried out by developing detection system to detect other asymmetric and symmetric fault. REFERENCES 1 C. Fukui and J. Kawakami, “An expert system for fault section estimation using information from protective relays and circuit breakers”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.83-90, October 1986. 2 K. Tomsovic, P. Ackerman and S. Pope, “An expert system as a dispatchers’ aid for the isolation of line section faults”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 2, no. 3, pp.736-743, July 1987. 3 C. A. Protopapas, K. P. Psaltiras and A. V. Machias, “An expert systems for substation faults diagnosis and alarm processing”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.648-655, April 1991. 4 H. Yang, W. Chang and C. Huang, “A new neural networks approach to on-line fault section estimation using information of protective relays and circuit breakers”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 9, no. 1, pp.220-230, January 1994. 5 M. Negenevitsky, and V. Pavlovsky, “Neural networks approach to online identification multiple failure of protection systems”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, pp.588-594, April 2005

6 F. S. Wen, and C. S. Chang, “A probabilistic approach for fault section estimation in power systems based upon a refined genetic algorithm”,IEEE, Proc., Gener., Trans., Distrib., vol. 144, no. 2, pp.160-168, September 1997. 7 J. Sun, S. Gin, and Y. Song, “Fault diagnosis for electric power systems based on fuzzy Petri nets”, IEEE Trans. on Power systems, vol. 19, no. 4, pp.2053-2059, November 2004. 8 G. Li, L. Zhu and Z. Xu, “Fuzzy Petri-nets based fault diagnosis for mechanical-electric equipment”, Proc. IEEE International Conference in control and Automation, Guangzhou, China, May 2007, pp.2539-2543. 9 Y. Wu, X. Lin, S. Miao, P. Liu, D. Wang and Chen, “Application of family eugenics based evolution algorithm to electric power system fault section estimation”, Proc. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition, Asia and Pacific, Dalian, China, 2005, pp.1-6 10 J. Yu and H. Zhou, “Fault diagnosis model of transformer based on immune algorithm”, Proc. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition, Asia and Pacific, Dalian, China, 2005, pp.1-4 11 J. S. Heo and K. Y. Lee, “A multi-agent system-based intelligent identification system for power plant control and faultdiagnosis”, Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. General Meeting, June 2006, pp.18-22 12 S. Min, J. Park, K. Kim, I.-H. Cho and H.-J. Lee, “A fuzzy relation based fault section diagnosis method for power systems using operating sequence of protective devices”, Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, vol. 2, 2001, pp.933-938. 13 D. V. Coury and D. C. Jorge, “Artificial Neural Network Approach to Distance Protection of Transmission Lines”, IEEE transactions, 1998. 14 W. Qi, G. W. Swift, P. G. McLaren and A. V. Castro, “An artificial neural network application to distance protection”, IEEE, 1996. 15 Ernesto VBzquez, Hector J. Altuve, Oscar L. Chacbn, “neural network approach to fault detection in electric power systems”, IEEE, 1996. 16 EisaBashier M. TayebOrner AI Aziz AlRhirn, “Transmission Line Faults Detection, Classification and Location using ArtificialNeural Network”, IEEE 2012. 17 AnantOonsivilai and SanomSaichoomdee “Distance Transmission Line Protection Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009. 18 D. V. Coury and D. C. Jorge, “The Back propagation Algorithm Applied to Protective Relaying”, IEEE 1997. 19 Omar A.S.Youssef, “Applications of Fuzzy Inference Mechanisms to Power System Relaying”, IEEE, 2004. 20 KavehRazi, M TarafdarHagh and Gh. Arabhian, “High Accurate Fault Classification of Power Transmission Lines using Fuzzy Logic”,IPEC, 2007. 21 M.M. Saha, E. Rosolowski and J. Izykowski , “Artificial Intelligent Application to Power System Protection”, IEEE. 22 Muid Mufti and George Vachtsevanos, “Automated Fault Detection and Identification Using a Fuzzy- Wavelet Analysis Technique”,IEEE, 1995. 23 Denis V. Coury; MárioOleskovicz; Silvio A. Souza, “Genetic algorithms applied to a faster distance protection of transmission lines”, journal of control and automation, August 2011

Farhin R Sheikh, Dr Ami T patel

Electrical, Student, MGITER Navsari. And HOD, Electrical, MGITER Navsari.

February 2017

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL INSULATION TECHNOLOGY Electrical Insulation Industry in India is Rs.1200 crore industry and forms a vital link in the fast growing Rs.50,000 crore electrical equipment Industry. Availability of trained personnel with specialized knowledge of Insulation Technology is the need of the day. Although the role of electrical insulation is critical for functioning of all electrical equipment; there is no university or Institute offering any education in this area. To bridge this gap, IEEMA along with well known institutes like uICT (formerly UDCT), VJTI and ERDA has taken the initiative of offering a specialized proficiency Diploma course in Electrical Insulation Technology.

DATE OF COMMENCING THE COURSE – JULY 2017 LAST DATE FOR ENROLLING – 28TH FEBRUARY 2017 DURATION – 1 YEAR FEE STRUCTURE STUDENTS INDIVIDUALS / PROFESSIONALS CORPORATE

RS. 7,500/RS. 20,000/RS. 25,000/-

For details, contact Mr Seetharaman K Email id – k.seetharaman@ieema.org Telephone – 080 2220 1316 / 18

February 2017

January 2017

InternationalNews

INTERNATIONALNEWS After SunEdison, Greenko set to buy TAQA’s hydel unit Greenko Energy is set to acquire an Indian hydro power unit from Abu Dhabi’s TAQA for Rs 650 crore, the second instance in four months where the Hyderabadbased renewables company is buying out a distressed local asset from global utility major, said officials in the know. Last September, Greenko pipped several potential suitors to bag the 1.7 gigawatt Indian wind and solar portfolio of bankrupt clean energy giant SunEdison Inc for $315 million. Abu Dhabi National Energy Company, popularly known as TAQA (‘energy’ in Arabic), operates the near-complete 100 mw Sorang project in Himachal Pradesh. The project is powered by the Sorang Khad river, which originates in the Himalayas. It uses runofthe-river technology to convert natural water flow to electricity, eliminating the need for a reservoir. At full capacity, the project can supply emissions-free electricity to 500,000 homes.

Suzlon has entered into an exclusive Supply and Installation Agreement (SIA) and Engineering and Construction of the project. The company would also be responsible for operation and maintenance services with dedicated life cycle asset management services for an initial period of 10 years. “The project has the potential to provide power to over 1,20,000 households and reduce 0.48 million tonnes of CO2 emissions per annum,” the statement said. Suzlon Group CEO J P Chalasani said, “The order win is a testament of increased interest and investments from Independent Power Producers in the wind sector and we are confident that the demand from IPPs will continue to grow.” The S11X 2.1 MW platform features the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) technology, which is designed to optimally harness available wind resources, the company said, adding that it not only delivers higher energy yield, but also offers higher return on investment for customers.

TAQA had taken over the Sorang plant from a consortium of NCCIL& FS. But even after commencing operations in 2015, the project ran into operational troubles. TAQA hit the headlines in India when it engaged with Jaypee Group to buy two of its large hydel plants in early 2014 for $1.6 billion, but pulled out at the last minute after a sudden change of business strategy and priorities. Since then, it has been withdrawing from many of its global outposts, including India.

UAE to invest $163 billion to diversify energy

Suzlon bags 226.8 MW wind power project order

The UAE is a top oil exporter, but has taken steps to reduce its dependency on fossil fuels to generate power, including building nuclear facilities.

Renewable energy solutions provider Suzlon Group today announced its winning of 226.8 MW wind power project order from a leading Independent Power Producer (IPP). The order consists of 108 units of S111 90m tubular tower with rated capacity of 2.1 MW. The project would be located in Andhra Pradesh’s Anantapur district, and is scheduled for completion by March 2017, the company said in a statement.

The United Arab Emirates announced today plans to invest 600 billion dirhams ($163 billion) in projects to generate almost half the country’s power needs from renewables. “Our aim is to balance our economic needs with our environmental goals,” Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum said on Twitter as the Gulf state unveiled its “Energy Strategy 2050”.

The country’s energy mix by 2050 will comprise 44 per cent from renewables, 38 per cent from gas, 12 per cent from clean fossils and six per cent from nuclear energy, said Sheikh Mohammed, who is also the UAE’s vice president and the ruler of the emirate of Dubai. “The plan aims to increase usage efficiency by 40 per cent and increase clean-energy contributions to 50 per

February 2017

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cent,” he wrote. In June, Dubai announced plans to build a 1,000-megawatt solar power plant by 2030, the year it aims to turn to renewable energies for 25 percent of electricity needs. In 2014, Abu Dhabi opened the world’s largest operating plant of concentrated solar power, which has the capacity to provide electricity to 20,000 homes. South Korean firms are also building four nuclear reactors west of Abu Dhabi, which are expected to generate 1,400 megawatts by 2020. The Gulf states are located in one of the world’s sunniest regions but they are far from being world leaders in solar energy.

ABB wins $640 million grid contract in India for thermal, wind power Transformer maker ABB won a $640 million contract for a 1,830-km (1,137-mile) power link in India to connect thermal and wind power plants with the country’s growing urban areas, the Swiss company said in a statement ABB won the contract from Power Grid Corporation of India, the national electricity grid operator, to provide equipment for an ultra-high-voltage 800 kilovolt system between Raigarh in central India and Pugalur, in the southern state of Tamil Nadu. The system, one of the longest in the world, will have the capacity to supply electricity to 80 million people once it is completed in 2019, ABB said.

US forces India at WTO to open up $1 bn solar market The US successfully challenged India’s local content conditions in its solar policy at the WTO which sent a message to the rest of the world that it would not tolerate “new form of protectionism”, outgoing American Trade Representative Mike Froman has said. Further, this also helped the US to get India to open up its market worth USD 1 billion, Froman said yesterday in an exitmemo released by the White House on eight years of the outgoing Obama Administration. USTR, he said, filed as many as 24 cases against other countries before the World Trade Organisation. The US has focused in particular on bringing cases which have broad, systemic benefits, he argued. “Challenging India’s local content requirements was not just about increasing solar panel exports to India, but was intended to send a message to governments all over the world that the United States would not tolerate this new form of protectionism to exclude our products from their markets, contrary to their WTO commitments,” Froman said. Similarly challenging China’s use of export restrictions on rare earth materials not only provided important relief to US manufacturers dependent on those materials

February 2017

as inputs, but also provided an opportunity to send a message to China’s government and other governments not to use such restraints in any sector to gain a tradedistortive advantage over US competitors, he said.

IFC invests $125 million in Hero Future Energies IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, has picked up equity stake in Hero Future EnergiesBSE 2.00 %, the renewable energy arm of the Hero Group. The investment will help the company expand its renewable energy capacity, provide jobs and facilitate private sector development in renewable energy, IFC said in a statement released on Thursday. IFC, together with IFC Global Infrastructure Fund - a private equity fund managed by IFC Asset Management Company, will invest $125 million in equity that will enable the company to set up 1 GW greenfield solar and wind plants in the next 12 months across India. “Joining hands with IFC will help Hero Futures achieve new goal of 2.7 GW renewable energy capacity by 2020” said Rahul Munjal, chairman & managing director at Hero Future Energies. At present, Hero Future Energies has presence in 12 states in India with a capacity of over 360 megawatt through solar, wind, and rooftop installation. Sunil Jain, chief executive officer, Hero Future Energies said: “This partnership will fuel our ambitions to tap into the incredible opportunity that lies in both domestic and overseas markets as well as new technologies namely storage, hybrid projects among others. This association is also a validation of our core strengths in timely project delivery, unwavering focus on health safety, stringent asset quality standards and design and engineering skills. We will also aggressively focus on expanding our promising rooftop solar portfolio.”

World Bank sanctions Rs 1,376 crore for Tripura power upgradation The World Bank has sanctioned Rs 1,376 crore for complete upgradation and improvement of the power system network in the State, Power Minister Manik Dey said. “The total project cost sanctioned by World Bank is Rs 1,376 crore and the project is divided into five phases. SPML Infra Ltd has got contract of the first phase. In the first phase, Rs 461 crore would be spent. Large number of 132 KV and 33 KV substations will be constructed and upgraded under the project,”Dey said. The Minister added that new 132 KV substations would be constructed at Belonia, Bagafa, Sabroom and Satchand in South Tripura district, Rabindranagar, Gokulnagar in Sipahijala district, Mohanpur in West district, Amarpur in Gomati district and Manu in Dhalai district.

NationalNews

NATIONALNEWS India poised for huge growth in solar energy: Piyush Goyal India is poised for huge growth in solar energy and it won’t stop at the 100GW solar power target to be achieved by 2022, Power Minister Piyush Goyal has said.”The 100 gigawatt target for solar should not be a constraint. India won’t stop at 100 GW,” Goyal said addressing the first India-specific session at a conference in Abu Dhabi. “With the advent of new technology in storage, we are poised for huge growth. Solar growth will support landowners to derive income and solar industry to build their business,” he said as per a statement issued. Goyal said “With the advent of new technology in storage, we are poised for huge growth. Solar growth will support landowners to derive income and solar industry to build their business.” The minster was of the view that India should manufacture in India for India and should assess what it would take for the country to be an end-to-end solution provider for solar energy. “We can manufacture at scale. A subsidy regime is not the best way to move forward. We need to draw up a regime where government can be an enabler for manufacturing to compete at good quality and prices,” Goyal said. He added “We need to foster partnerships with high quality technology suppliers. We will provide large tracts of land to manufacture at scale. Indian developers should also promote Indian manufacturing.”

25 states fail to meet solar capacity target this fiscal With six years left for India to achieve its goal of generating 100 GW of electricity from solar projects, 25 states have fallen short of adding capacity by some 2,000 MW so far in 2016-17. The biggest laggards are Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Odisha, J&K and West Bengal, each of them missing the mark by more than 100 MW. In terms of renewable power purchase obligations during 2015-16, only Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Nagaland, Himachal Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh exceeded their targets, according to the government.

February 2017

Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Punjab managed to meet about 60% of their obligation. The remainder achieved up to 59% of their targets, with Manipur and Goa not meeting any. Considering the actual renewable purchase obligation level specified by the state electricity regulatory commissions for the year 2016-17, it is estimated that 25 states/UTs require over 2,030 MW solar power capacity to fulfil the solar purchase obligation,” the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy said in a recent document. Similarly, it is estimated that 22 states and UTs require over 9,080 MW of non-solar power capacity to fulfil their obligations to purchase energy from other renewable sources.

Global renewable energy investment fell 18% in 2016: study Global investment in renewable energy dropped by 18 per cent in 2016 due to sharp falls in equipment prices and a slowdown in China and Japan, a study found. After reaching record levels in 2015, investment fell last year to $287.5 billion, according to researchers at Bloomberg New New Energy Finance (BNEF). The fall was due in part to “further sharp falls in equipment prices, particularly in photovoltaics,” it said. But it also was down to a marked cooling in China and Japan, two key markets, where investment in renewable energies fell significantly on the previous year. Following a record year in 2015, Chinese investment fell 26 percent to $87.8 billion, down from $119.1 billion, while in Japan it dropped 43 percent to $22.8 billion. After boosting spending on clean energies with some of the most generous subsidies in the world, both nations are now shifting their focus, “cutting back on building new large-scale projects and digesting the capacity they have already put in place,” said BNEF’s Asia head, Justin Wu.

Moody’s changes power sector outlook from negative to stable Moody’s Investors Service and its Indian affiliate, ICRA predicts stable outlook for the power sector over the

NationalNews

next 12-18 months reflecting sustained improvement in domestic coal availability, as well as the Indian government’s policy initiatives, which is likely to lead to improvements in financial positions of state-owned electricity distribution companies in the next two to three years. Abhishek Tyagi, a Moody’s vice president and senior analyst said: “In fact, we changed the outlook for the Indian power sector to stable from negative, because increased domestic production of coal will ease constraints on fuel supply.” Moody’s also says that the Indian government’s debt restructuring of the financially weak distribution utilities —under the Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) implemented by 17 states so far — will likely improve the companies’ financial capacity to make timely payments to power generators. “These distribution utilities will also benefit from the lower cost of power purchases, due to improved domestic coal availability, the subdued tariff level of short-term traded power, and flexibility provided by the government to generating companies for the optimal utilization of coal,” said Sabyasachi Majumdar, an ICRA Senior Vice President. ICRA pointed out that an improvement in domestic coal availability has substantial mitigated coal supply risk and the risk of under-recovery in fuel costs — due to a reliance on costlier coal imports — for thermal independent power producers (IPPs). ICRA also said that the improving financial profile of distribution utilities — which are key off-takers — will benefit IPPs through a reduction in the receivable cycle, and a modest improvement in the plant load factor over the next 18 months.

Power Ministry to give major thrust to hydro power, says Goyal There will be a major thrust on hydro sector by different ways to bring down cost of electricity from this renewable source, Power Minister Piyush Goyal said . “I shall be going later this week to Arunachal Pradesh also to review some of the power projects. In coming few months, we want to give major thrust by different ways to bring down the cost of hydro power,” Goyal told reporters here. “Hydro power is also renewable energy. We are working on a position paper after studying all international experiences, we will look very seriously to see whether these should be categories as renewable power,” the minister said. In the present scenario, the small hydro projects up to 25 MW are treated as renewable energy while others do not get incentives being provided by the government for encouraging clean energy. New & Renewable Energy Ministry is in the process of drafting a Cabinet proposal to reclassifying large hydro

power plants as renewable projects, a move which can help India achieve clean power capacity of 230 GW by 2022. India has set an ambitious target of adding 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 which includes 100 GW of solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from bio-power and 5 GW from small hydro-power (up to 25 MW capacity each). Of the 310 GW installed power generation capacity, 43 GW comes from large hydro projects (above 25 MW) and 46 GW from other renewable power generation capacities. The minister further said, “We would like to encourage the (hydro power) sector after it is categorised as renewable, speed up the projects, get back all the stalled projects and some support to the hydro sector because it is one sector which gives you sustainable quality power for over 100 years.”

Govt plans to phase out incandescent bulbs in the next 3 years The government plans to phase out the iconic incandescent bulbs by 2020, putting gradual bans on production and sale starting with high voltage lamps, and encourage consumers to use energy efficient alternatives, an official said. Incandescent lamps consume 80 per cent more electricity than LED lamps, but are widely used in smaller cities and rural areas because they cost much less. “The penetration of incandescent lamps in non-urban areas of the country is far more than CFLs and LEDs. Though these lamps guzzle a lot of electricity, they have high acceptance in villages because of their prices,” a senior government official said. Bulb A 60 watt incandescent lamp costs Rs10 per piece, while CFL lamps start at Rs 90-100 per piece. Elcoma, a lighting manufacturers’ association, said the industry is willing to cut production of incandescent lamps and shift to LED lamps. Market prices of highly energy efficient LED lamps in India have nosedived by almost three times on the back of a government mass distribution scheme to be at par with CFL lamps. This has impacted sales of CFL bulbs, but a majority of households still use incandescent bulbs. In 2015, CFL production was at 394 million, down from a peak of 450 million in 2013. Average sales of incandescent lamps, however, is holding steady at about 750 million a year. Prices of LED bulbs being distributed under the Ujala scheme run by state-run Energy Efficient Services Ltd (EESL) have crashed to Rs 38 for a 9 watt lamp, one-tenth of its prices two years ago. The government expects to save 85 lakh kWh electricity consumption every day or 15,000 tonnes of CO2 by replacing 77 crore conventional bulbs and CFLs as well as 3.5 crore street lights with LEDs over three years. The energy conservation programme gels well with the country’s stand on lower greenhouse emissions ahead of the Paris convention.

February 2017

CorporateNews

CORPORATENEWS SPML Infra bags new orders worth Rs 800 cr SPML Infra Ltd said it has bagged new orders worth Rs 800 crore for various projects including developing power substations. SPML Infra has received several new orders for developing power substation, rooftop solar power plant, water and wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste management projects from different states across the country, the company said in a BSE filing. The company Chairman Subhash Sethi said, “We are excited to receive these new orders to develop power infrastructure in Tripura that is going to accelerate the north eastern states development agenda, improve economic growth and citizen well being through quality power supply.” The order for solar power projects is in line with the companys efforts to develop renewable energy source to meet many challenges facing the world with benefits to the people and the environment, Sethi added.

BHEL commissions 500-mw thermal unit in West Bengal State-run power equipment maker BHEL said it has commissioned another 500 MW unit of Sagardighi Thermal Power Station Phase II in West Bengal. “The unit was the second 500 MW set to be commissioned at Sagardighi Thermal Power Station (TPS) Phase II project in Murshidabad district of West Bengal,” BHEL said in a statement. The first unit of the 1,000-MW project was commissioned in December, 2015. The project has been set up by West Bengal Power Development Corporation (WBPDCL), it said. BHEL’s scope of work in the contract envisaged design, engineering, manufacture, supply and erection and commissioning of steam generators, steam turbine generators and auxiliaries, electrical equipment, switchyard and state-of-the-art controls and instrumentation (C&I), along with associated civil works. The equipment for the project were manufactured at BHEL’s Trichy, Ranipet, Haridwar, Hyderabad, Bengaluru

and Bhopal plants, while the company’s power sector eastern region - undertook erection and commissioning of the equipment. BHEL has so far contributed 83 per cent of the total coalbased generating capacity of WBPDCL. Presently, BHEL is also executing 3 units of 40 MW each of Rammam hydro-electric project of NTPC Ltd, in West Bengal. State-owned engineering major Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) has already established its engineering prowess in the past through successfully delivering higher rated units of 600 MW, 660 MW, 700 MW and 800 MW thermal sets with a high degree of indigenisation.

Sterlite Power commissions project to supply over 1,200 mw electricity to Ranchi, Purulia Sterlite Power has commissioned its fifth project, the Purulia-Kharagpur Transmission Project, which will supply 1,200 mw of electricity to Ranchi in Jharkhand and Purulia in West Bengal, the company said in a statement. With the commissioning of this project, Sterlite Power is now managing a portfolio of 4,063 circuit km of operational transmission lines and two substations spread across 11 states. The Purulia-Kharagpur Transmission Project consists of two 400-kV double circuit lines with a total length of 273 km including the 112-km long Purulia-Ranchi and 161-Km long Kharagpur-Chaibasa lines. Sterlite Power will operate and maintain the project, that runs across Jharkhand and West Bengal, for 35 years.

Hartek Power doubles solar capacity to 528 MW in this fiscal Hartek Power has completed solar power projects of 270 megawatts spread across Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka in the first three quarters of this fiscal, taking its total solar projects capacity under EPC contracts to 528 mw. The Chandigarh-based company undertakes engineering, procurement and construction projects from independent power producers and specialises in grid connectivity. As of March 31, 2016, it had completed 258 MW of solar projects.

February 2017

CorporateNews

The company has presence in 18 states for solar projects. It is focusing in South India and places like Jharkhand to consolidate its position. “At the same time, we are strengthening our hold in states like Punjab where we have traditionally been doing well,” Chairman Hartek Singh said. “In fact, out of the 500 mw solar projects awarded by the Punjab government in the phase-3 auction, Hartek Power has bagged orders for 200 mw projects,” he added. India’s installed solar generation capacity has increased four times to 10 gigawatts from 2.5 gw in less than three years, offering huge opportunities for growth to companies like Hartek Power.

NTPC takes over 2,320 mw in Rajasthan from state entities NTPC will take over Chhabra Thermal Power Plant (1,000 mw) and Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam (1,320 mw) in Rajasthan from Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam (RVUN) and Rajasthan Urja Vikas Nigam (RUVNL), respectively. To this effect the three entities signed memorandum of understanding for the takeover. The Rajasthan utility runs plants with a total capacity of about 5,000 mw. It is also in the process of setting up 900 mw power capacities, but the projects are delayed by several years. The organisations shall execute binding agreements based on the detailed due diligence being underway. Best practices of NTPC in efficiency and systems will benefit and improve performance of Chhabra Project, benefiting the consumers of the state.

India’s largest manufacturer of power plant equipment honors SEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has recognized Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL) India as its top vendor after a month-long evaluation of over 1,200 candidates. BHEL Bhopal announced the award during the closing ceremony of their Quality Month celebration last month. They cited flexibility in meeting changing demands as a key factor in SEL’s favor. Other considerations for the award included delivery, quality, service and support. “We see this as an appreciation for the values we believe in,” Neeraj Goel, SEL regional marketing and sales manager said. “And for the value we deliver to our customers.” BHEL is a government-owned corporation and the largest power plant equipment manufacturer in India. The company has more than 42,000 employees and annual revenues over $3.9 billion. In 2013, the Indian government awarded BHEL Maharatna (“Big Gem”) status, an honor shared by only six other companies.

February 2017

Sterlite Power Bags CBIP Award for Innovative Technologies in Transmission Sector Sterlite Power Transmission Limited (Sterlite Power), India’s leading power transmission company, has been honoured by the Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP) for setting new benchmarks in India’s power transmission sector and bringing advanced and innovative technologies to speed up energy delivery. CBIP is a premier central government backed Institution rendering dedicated services to professional organisations, engineers and individuals resulting in accelerated development in water resources, energy and allied fields, including renewable energy. It is a recognised international platform for knowledge sharing, training, consultancy, and research. Minister of State for Agriculture and Food Processing, Sanjeev Balyan, presented the coveted CBIP Award for ‘Best Performing Power Transmission (System) Utility’ to Sterlite Power. Sterlite Power is the first private transmission project developer to receive this honour from CBIP. Key officials from the Ministry of Power and Central Electricity Authority were also present at the event. This year, Sterlite Power was also honoured by Frost & Sullivan, SKOCH Group, Power Grid and IDC Insights, among others, for its work in project development, manufacturing and information technologies. “Today, our projects use global technologies like sky crane, heli-stringing and LiDAR surveys and these have helped us speed up projects, especially in difficult terrains, and in many cases complete them ahead of schedule. We will continue to meet our commitments to make sure no home is without electricity. We thank CBIP for bestowing this honour on Sterlite Power and validating our efforts to bring state-of-the-art technologies to the Indian transmission sector,” said Sterlite Power CEO Pratik Agarwal.

Orient Green Board clears plan for merger talks with IL&FS Orient Green Power’s board has approved a plan to enter into exclusive discussions with IL&FS to explore a merger of their wind energy assets, it said in a regulatory filing.”Both companies have entered into a non–binding agreement with an exclusivity period of 90 days. At this stage, the companies would like to clarify that any potential outcome is subject to due diligence, definitive documentation and approvals by regulators, creditors, shareholders and other stake holders,” the filing said. Orient Green said it is in the process of demerging its wind and biomass entities into two separate companies. After the demerger, it will have an operating wind capacity of 425 MW in the current financial year with an additional 43 MW under construction. The company said the merger will help augment capacity of the combined entity next financial year.

PowerStatistics

WORLD Electricity Generation projection

Source: Exonmobil

February 2017

PowerStatistics

Transmission Lines Transmission

Sub-station

Addition in ‘CKM’ during 12th Plan Up to November 2016

Addition in MVA/ MW during 12 Plan Up to November 2016

Draft Transmission System and Substation addition Plan during 13th Plan 2017-22 Unit

At the end 11th plan

Expected at the end of 12th Plan

Expected to be added during 13th plan

Expected CUM at the end of 13th Plan

HVDC 500kV/800 kV Bipole

Ckm

9,432

15,535

4,280

19,815

765 kV

Ckm

5,250

29,431

27,300

56,731

400 kV

Ckm

106,819

157,644

46,000

203,644

230/220 kV

Ckm

135,980

162,325

28,000

190,325

Total Transmission Lines

Ckm

257,481

364,935

105,580

470,515

765 kV

MVA

25,000

155,000

114,000

269,000

400 kV

MVA

151,027

234,372

103,000

337,372

230/220 kV

MVA

223,774

298,265

75,000

373,265

Total Substations

MVA

399,801

687,637

292,000

979,637

Bipole link capacity

6,750

13,500

14,000

27,500

Back to back capacity

3,000

Total

9,750

16,500

14,000

30,500

Transmission System Type / Voltage Class Transmission Lines

Substations

HVDC

Estimated expenditure for Transmission System During 2017-22 of Rs. 2,60,000 Crore This also includes an estimate of Rs. 30,000 Crores in transmission system at below 220 kV voltage level

Transmission Systems & Substations Under Construction Financial Year

No. of Transmission Lines

To be Constructed (CKM)

No. of Substations

To be Constructed (MVA)

2016-17

482

44579

306

108381

2017-18

166

23413

131

68447

2018-19

11338

29304

Beyond 2018-19

391

18995

307

90722

Source: CEA

February 2017

IEEMADatabase

Rs/MT

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.11.16

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

`/MT

25434.00

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

25140.00

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

54000.00

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV

`/MT

b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

as on 01.11.16

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

380.00

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

85.00

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

130000.00

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

131000.00

`/KLitre

52024.00

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS)

215750.00

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS

271500.00

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month September 2016

211.54

IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

292.63

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

184200.00

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

217.64

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

164000.00

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

229.67

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

395926.00

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

353851.00

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

131470.00

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

137760.00

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

Wholesale price index number for ‘Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month September 2016 Wholesale price index number for’ Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month September 2016

137.90

185.50

All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) September 2016

203300.00

277.00

# Estimated, NA: Not available 440000

Copper Wire Bars Rs./MT

420000

380000 360000

(Rs./MT)

400000

340000 320000

December 2014 - November 2016

300000

11-16

10-16

09-16

07-16

08-16

06-16

05-16

04-16

03-16

02-16

12-15

01-16

11-15

10-15

`09-15

`08-15

`06-15

`07-15

`05-15

`04-15

`03-15

`02-15

`01-15

`12-14

The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. duty wherever manufactures are eligible to obtain MODVAT benefit. These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMA’s Price Variation Clauses for various products. Basic Price Variation Clauses, explanation of nomenclature can be obtained from IEEMA office. Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

February 2017

IEEMADatabase

Name of Product

Accounting Unit

Production For the Month From Nov. 15 to Highest Annual Oct. 2016

Oct. 16

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

841

10376

11580

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

177

3346

5091

DC Motors

000' KW

402

618

000' KVA

822

11140

11261

Contactors

000' Nos.

781

9058

8527

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

182

1826

1909

Nos.

56479

668188

947878

000' Poles

13075

151778

136979

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

227234

2435395

1932964

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

4464

70463

72156

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

13143

187616

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1216

14408

16875

36890

507995

507486

000' KVAR

3313

47220

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

2916

44450

46761

Power Transformers

000' KVA

11684

183988

178782

Current Transformers

000' Nos.

649

705

Voltage Transformers

Nos.

8670

110239

114488

000' Nos.

1739

27482

29317

000' MT

1042

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers* * Weighted Production

February 2017

ERDANews

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uu uu

Fast transient burst test (IEC 61000-4-4)

the right choice!

Radio Interference Measurement (Conducted Emission (CE) Radiated Emission (RE) Measurement) (CISPR 11)

Publication Date

1st working day of the month of the issue

Cover Pages

210 GSM Art Paper *

Surge Immunity Test (IEC 61000-4-5)

Inside Pages

70 GSM LWC Paper *

Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by frequency field (IEC 61000-4-6)

Magazine Size

A - 4, 297 mm x 210 mm

Damp Oscillatory & Ring Wave Test Facility (IEC 61000-4-12 & 18) Power frequency, pulse and damp oscillatory magnetic field immunity test (IEC 61000-4-8, 9 & 10) Harmonics measurements & flicker measurements (IEC 61000-3-2 & IEC 61000-3-3) Touch current (IEC 60950, IEC 60990

R&D and Expert Services ERDA provides consultancy services to industries for design optimization of their products such as machinery and instrumentation for EMI/EMC Compliance. A large number of manufacturers have already availed these consulting services.

ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF W.E.F. 1ST APRIL 2016 HEIGHT X WIDTH Cover Positions

RATE PER INSERTION (Rs.) Rates for 4 colours and non bleed

Front (GateFold)

260 mm x 390 mm

1,37,500

Front (GateFold) - Half

260 mm x 180 mm

88,000

Inside Front

260 mm x 180 mm

93,500

Inside Back

260 mm x 180 mm

88,000

Back

260 mm x 180 mm

93,500

BackFold

260 mm x 390 mm

1,21,000 Rates for 4 colours and non bleed

Special Positions Page 3 (5)

260 mm x 180 mm

71,500

Page 4 (6)

260 mm x 180 mm

60,500

A partial list of key customers of ERDA’s EMI/EMC Laboratory are as below:

Page 5 (7)

260 mm x 180 mm

66,000

Page 9 (11)

260 mm x 180 mm

55,000

Larsen and Tourbo Limited ABB India Ltd.

Page 15 (17) & onwards each

260 mm x 180 mm

uu uu

Siemens Ltd.

HPL Electricals Ltd.,

Alstom

UL India Ltd.

Secure Meters

Tata Sky

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.,

Kirloskar Electric Co.

Bharat Heavy Electricals

Extra Charges:

Havell’s India Ltd.

Full Bleed

: 20 % Extra

Landis + Gyr Ltd.

Specific position

: 20 % Extra (other than page numbers mentioned above)

Hitech Lights Ltd.

Special Colour

: Rs 5,000/- for every special colour

eSMART Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Series Discounts:

Narayan Powertech Pvt. Ltd.

Key Customers uu

Ordinary Positions Full Page

260 mm x 180 mm

44,000

Half Page

130 mm x 180 mm

24,750

Double Spread

260 mm x 360 mm

88,000

Insert

305 mm x 215 mm

88,000 Rates for 4 colours and non bleed

Appointments: Full Page

210 mm x 165 mm

27,500

Half Page

100 mm x 165 mm

13,200

Applicable on the basis of number of advertisements released in 12-month period counted from first release. Series Discount not applicable for cover pages.

Rajib Chattopadhyay

For 6 or more releases - 7.5 % discount

Head BD & CRM Phone (D): 0265-3021505, Mobile: 9978940954 E-mail: rajib.chattopadhyay@erda.org

For 12 or more releases - 15 % discount

February 2017

52,800 Rates for 4 colours and non bleed

*Subject to change at the sole discretion of Publisher, without notice.

ProductShowcase

Meco “Universal Calibrator Model 90A” MECO superior grade, Universal Calibrator, has wide range, high accuracy, good stabilization, easy operation, portability and precise output. MECO 90A Universal Calibrator has a 5 1/2 Digit LED Display which can display actual value or percentage of Full Scale (FS) range and one can select the Voltage (AC/DC from 0 - 200mV to 1000V), Current (AC/DC from 0 - 100 microA to 20A), Frequencies (50, 60 and 400Hz) and Resistance (100 Ohms to 24k x 1k) with the help of front panel knobs to adjust magnitude of the output signals. MECO 90A comes with Key Adjuster for step adjustment of the output signals. The basic accuracy of MECO 90A is ± (0.03 %RD + 0.02% FS) for DC Voltage.

High Voltage Detector “Kusam-Meco” Temperature Calibrator “KUSAM-MECO” has introduced a New Temperature Calibrator Model KM 3600. This instrument is a 4½ digit, compact-sized portable digital temperature calibrator designed to use external K/J/T/E/R/S/N/L/U/B/C type thermocouples as temperature sensor. The calibrator features a dual thermocouple input, an adjustable T / C offset. The Thermocouple types comply with the (N.I.S.T. Monograph 175 revised to ITS 90 standard). There are 3 LCD displays; Main, Second & Third. The Main and Second displays are 4½ digit with maximum reading of 19999. The main display displays the value of T1, T2 or output setting. The second display displays T1 or T2 readings & the Third T1-T2 and groups settings. It has MAX, MIN, MAX-MIN, AVG, REL, HOLD Functions.

FLIR T1K

HD Thermal Imaging Camera FLIR’s outstanding infrared performance, with no sacrifice or compromise. FLIR’s flagship redefines the limits of infrared imaging: true HD resolution, precision lenses like no others on the market, more than twice the thermal sensitivity of legacy uncooled systems. FLIR T1K is featured with 1024 x 768 HD IR resolution and FLIR’s patented MSX and UltraMax Technology. Offering 2000 °C temperature range with an accuracyof 1% of reading. The HD IR Lens deliver superior image quality and range performance allow for accurate temperature measurements. Ideal inspection applications are Power Substation, Switchyard, Transmission lines, Transformers, Solar and Electrical panels etc. FLIR TIK is easy-to-use tool available with PC software and it offers 2-10 years warranty.

“KUSAM-MECO” has introduced the High Voltage Detector Model 276HD, which detects the presence of voltage in AC lines. An elongate insulation rod permits checking of high tension circuits at safe distance for Voltage. This High voltage detector is telescopic, compact, light weight (approx. 185g.) & easy to use & handy. It has a water proof detecting head, being tightly enclosed, is free form any trouble due to dust, dirt & water. It operates on 2 button-cells LR44 (1.5V) battery. It supplied with instruction manual & Carrying case. This High Voltage detector is also available for voltage detection in low tension circuits. The equipment, whether in stretched state, is available for voltage detection in high tension circuit (3.3kV, 6.6kV & 24kV) whether the wires involved are naked or insulated. It can be used for voltage detection in low tension circuits (80V - 600V) by holding the nameplate portion of the detecting head. Easy to recognize indication with intermittent lighting in red of a high intensity light-emitting diode and intermittent audible sound of an electronic buzzer are readily recognizable at a full daylight, noisy location.

Rishabh Instuments - Touch Screen Metering Solutions In today’s complex & challenging Power Demand Scenario, it is essential for every Power Company to look at the Demand, Energy, Power Quality, System parameter monitoring and recording for analysis and to take steps in maintenance and control of the system equipments so as to REDUCE system downtime. The Multi function meter is basically used to Measure, Record(Via Protocol Like MODBUS, Ethernet) and display of AC electrical parameters like RMS Voltage, Current, Active power, Reactive power, Apparent power, Power factor, Phase angle, Frequency, Active energy, Reactive energy, Apparent energy, Demand in 3 phase 4 Wire and 3 phase 3 Wire System. This meter is intended for application areas where accurate & reliable measurement is necessary.

February 2017

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Preamble Change has always been the real ‘constant’ in our history and would remain more so in future. Civilizations have faced it whether political, social technological cultural, economic, military, or any other form. How to make things happen, how to cope up with the impending change, live with it, love it and ultimately make use of it has fascinated the mankind. Stability was once a central goal and at times an achievable entity at some time in the past. But now for the foreseeable future the climate is going to be dynamic, turbulent and extremely stressful. The price of large-scale failure would become unacceptably very high. You have no guaranty for success and you have no way to accept failure-that’s going to be the true effect of emerging change in 21st century. So one would have to use his only formidable but invisible power to face these most difficult times ahead and that power is the power of your mindset. Here in this times intellectual debate game, i am attempting to present to you a method of achieving that mindset change. ‘Challenge the ‘change’ before it challenges you’ this is going to be the core theme.

‘Making up of Desired Mindset’ The Ten Commandments: There is a keen need to develop a suitable mindset, which can withstand the pressures of challenges, emerging in today’s tough world. Before even you think of marching to make up a desired mindset, you need to have a paradigm shift in your way of looking at important activities, regularly done by us day in & day out.

These Ten activities are: 1. Contributing 2. Giving 3. Thinking 4. Understanding 5. Listening 6. Seeing 7. Observing 8. Balancing 9. Communicating 10. Forgiving

1. Contributing We work in an organization for some value addition. We must add more value than we take away from the company, and then only operations would be profitable one. Each employee is responsible for the well being of the organization. We add value for Today: The Marketing and Production Functions are mostly engaged in day to day transactions and they therefore ensure that ‘Today’ is taken care of. We must also ensure that somebody works for Tomorrow & day after tomorrow. Such a value addition for ‘Day after tomorrow’ is what keeps the company going and growing in future. We owe to the industry and Society and value addition in that respect is for “Tomorrow”.

2. Giving There is nothing nobler than the act of “Giving”. The pleasure of a Mother “Giving” birth to a child is the

February 2017

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ultimate in the act of Giving. We all very well know, how pleasant and heavenly a Mother feels to give birth to a child. We must always remember the Mother and continuously Give.

4. Undersatnding

We have various debts to be returned: one from our parents who give birth to us and our very existence in this world is because of their sacrifice and art of giving.

Who am I?

The second debt is logically of our ancestors who are responsible to give births to our fathers, great grand fathers and so on. Yet another debt is from the animate and in animate world around us, due to which we get food, air and water to keep us alive. Remember the trees that shower on us the shadows so that we are not tortured by the Hot Scorching Sun Rays. We are indebted to The Sun too who is behind providing energy and light to the world. In short we have a number of debts to repay and hence we must ensure that our continuous aim should be to Give and Give, If you give then only you make yourself deserving to get. All our troubles are due to the fact that most of us are worried all the time to “get” something or the other. Remember the act of Nature, in the form of Crops or fruits. From a small seed we get more trees and fruits and from each fruit we get a number of seeds and the process of Giving by Nature goes on uninterruptedly. We must become wise from learning the Nature’s desire to Give and give in more and more quantities. The act of Giving makes the recipient happy and seeing him happy we become more and more happy. Hence we must give back hard work to the organization where we spend more than our half the lives.

We must have a learning mind and we must struggle to understand the complex world around us. We must for that understand ourselves: What am I capable of? What am I not capable of? What do I want out of Life? and What is the very purpose of my existence? Answers to these are what you must find to understand yourself. Then you should learn to understand others and the environment around us (Which keeps on continuously changing).

5. Listening Listening is the most neglected activity and we spend more than half the Time generally in Listening. We must hence learn to Listen that which is Relevant that is really useful and finally listen that which is Memorable& that which can be easily stored. Good listening habits can be cultivated and practiced based on these three directions: Listen Relevant, Useful & Memorable-Storable. Such an art will ensure less wastage and improved clarity of thinking.

6. Seeing We should see the “Total Whole” with a Bird’s eyeview, we must also learn to see the “Specific, Focused issues”, and we should also see “Beyond” or learn to read in between the line visually.

3. Thinking

7. Observing

The difference between animals plants (all living beings) and the Man, is the art of thinking present in the Man. Unfortunately most of us do not put to use this unique art of thinking to it’s Optimum use. All our actions & decisions are an outcome of our thinking process. Therefore we must first learn to think and that too, more clearly. It is the capacity to have clarity of thinking that makes every individual better equipped than those who cannot think constructively. We must learn to look at the things in positive angle that alone will ensure better and Contributive thinking.

Observing can be mainly divided into three constituents like Seeing, Thinking & Understanding, in that order. Naturally the steps to be taken would be clear from respective activities explained above.

February 2017

8. Balancing We must have always “a balanced state of mind” and the outlook to look at the events & persons- their behaviour. Remember no one is perfect and ideal. Each one has some good & some bad points. We must dissect the things into three categories: “good, bad and trivial.” Try to balance the situation by such a clarity of thought. Concentrate on ‘good ones” and leave the “trivial ones” while ignoring or taking appropriate actions against the “bad ones.” A balanced sense of behaviour alone can bring out the best in you.

9. Communicating Of all the factors & qualities human beings possess, it is our ability to communicate our thoughts, opinions, ideas that has made the progress of mankind possible. The “right communication” through “right media”, at

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the “right time” to the “right person/s” is the final key to get “desired results” to achieve our set objectives. We must know more about “what not to communicate” than “what to communicate.” The productivity and performance of the organization are greatly dependent on the quality of internal & external communications. The perceptions good or moderate, /bad are the results of communications. We communicate through writing, speaking and listening. The reading part trains us better with improved knowledge & awareness.

are the cause of better relationships. The better relationships finally deliver the actions we want.

We must continuously improve our communication ability to create better understanding, which in turn

B.E. (Electrical Engg) and F.I.E. Chartered Engineer, and Life Member of Institution Of Engineers (India) Calcutta.

1O. Forgiving Many a times others, with whom we come in contact & deal, do not behave the way we want, or they behave in a harmful way to us. We are agonized by their undue actions, style of behaviour and we want to pay them back in the same coin of deceit or harmful actions. In the ultimate analysis, it is better that we pardon them, forgive them, than to take revenge because such actions, only shall spoil the relationships for worst consequences. We must remember such negative responses are of no use and shall result into unending stressful, situations. Forgiving is the most noble way in such testing situations, it’s even nobler than the act of giving. Always remember, to err is human and therefore to forgive and forget, instead of revengeful reactions is the act of god. Such a stance shall always ensure peace of mind and mutual harmony. ■ Mr Sudhakar Natu

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February 2017

leading electrical and electronics monthly

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VOLUME 7  ISSUE NO. 5  JANUARY 2016  PGS. 126

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Cover Story Electrical Equipment Industry - Half Yearly Industry Review - FY15-16

Special Features T&D Conclave 2015 SWICON-2015

SME Talk

Mr Hartek Singh Hartek Power Private Ltd

The countdown begins... 13-17 February, 2016, Bengaluru, India

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