Ieema journal april 2016 by IEEMA

From the Presidentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Desk

Dear Friends, The annual union budget is a much awaited event as it is considered as a statement of governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic policy direction. The recent budget reflected the central governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s continued focus on power sector. The fund allocation for the key power sector programs have been raised to around 79k crore. Funds have been allocated for nuclear power also. The focus on energy efficiency is growing after successful implementation of the LED program. The announcement to replace all current agricultural pumps, which have very low efficiency with high efficiency ones will help save precious energy and help farmers and rotating machine manufacturers. The program to electrify the 18,000 villages is moving way ahead of the declared schedule and reflects the capability of all involved. The next step will be to make electricity available to all at all times at affordable Prices. Most key states have signed the UDAY program revival of the Discoms. IEEMA is engaging with ministry of power and various states to offer assistance for success of this innovative effort. The success of UDAY is critical for the entire power sector and in turn the banking sector and over all national economy. Let us all join hands to ensure that the industry provides all possible support. MoP is engaging IEEMA through constructive dialogue and I urge more and more members to participate in this dialogue. IEEMA would like to see a detailed analysis on the fuel mix being planned for the country and how will it address the national energy and peak load needs. The word power and energy are interchangeably used. We often forget the element of time. When is the peak demand is equally important as to how much is the peak demand. I have requested some industry leaders to guide IEEMA in its strategic thinking so that we contribute more to the power sector growth of the country. It is only when the sector grows that our industry and members will prosper. One of the key areas that we wish to focus is the non utility electrical industry. A large number of our members cater to the general electrical market through various products like Cables, switchgear, controlgear, Transformers, measuring instruments, lighting, etc. Our industry has the capability of becoming a major global player in this segment. We need to benchmark ourselves with the best in the world an explore demanding global markets. We need to keep investing in innovative designs and engineering. Quality and reliability are key requirements for any sustainable global product ad we need more collective efforts. IEEMA will soon come up with a major workshop/seminar for the MSME sector that will help us address some of the key challenges and assist a large number of our members. I have received many creative suggestions for the growth and improvement of our association. I thank everyone who has written to me and urge all of you to keep helping the association. Together We can.

Babu Babel

April 2016

“Samvaad...

Dear Members, An interesting meeting was held at Lucknow with UPPCL ‘Making UDAY Happen’ which was attended by Shri Anil Swarup, Secretary Coal and Shri Sanjay Agarwal, Principal Secretary Energy and Chairman Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited along with senior official of Utilities of Uttar Pradesh. From IEEMA’s side three presentations were made on Cables & Conductors, Distribution Transformers and Smart Meters. The aim was to initiate discussion on mitigating losses of Utility and increasing revenue through technological interventions uu On Cables and Conductors, cost comparison and benefits were discussed between different type of available cables/ conductors. uu Issues related to distribution transformer failure were discussed along with issues like overloading, storage handling, installation practices etc. Experience of Utilities using internal circuit breakers as protection system was also discussed. uu On Smart Meters various existing practices and success stories were shared. The solutions provided by IEEMA were well received and it was decided that a follow up meeting to examine ways and means to improve the efficiency of DISCOMS and TRANCOS will be discussed in the first week of April. IEEMA welcomed and congratulated the government on UDAY and also pointed out the bane of ‘Electricity Theft' which is estimated to be more than 1,37,000 Crores per year and the need to plug this hole in the bucket, IEEMA has taken up this issue with the Ministry of Power and it is expected that a Country wide campaign will soon be seen to address this malice, which is spread across the society. We hope to see exciting outcomes in the future!

More on page no 31

Sunil Misra

April 2016

Contents

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

the leading electrical & electronics monthly Volume 7 Issue No. 8 April 2016 CIN U99999MH970GAP014629 Official Organ of Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association ISSUE NO. 8 APRIL 2016 PGS. 104 VOLUME Member: Audit Bureau of 7Circulation & The Indian Newspaper Society

ISSN 0970-2946 Rs. 100/-

Union Budget 2016-17

From the President’s Desk

Intended Towards Balanced and Inclusive Growth

Focus on MSME

Samvaad

Entrepreneurs & start-ups to help Electrical Equipment Manufacturers

Fund Allocation

in DDGJY & IPDS increased from 4500 Crores to 8500 Crores

Appointments This new space in the IEEMA Journal will incorporate recent important appointments in the power and related sectors.

Allocation of 3000 Crores for Nuclear Power, will help boost the sector

Budgetary Outlay in Power Sector, increased over previous budget

Cover Story

Union Budget 2016-17 intended towards balanced and inclusive growth: IEEMA

In depth

Amid frenzied anticipation, budget announced has lived upto the expectation in terms of uplifting areas which would contribute to economic growth and areas which shall provide macroeconomic stability and sustained growth to the country, if supported by continuous short and long term policy reforms. Among various favourable announcements which have been made, some budgetary changes under “Make in India” would give immediate relief to certain important manufacturing industrial sectors.

Special Features on Surge Arresters

IEEMA Event

Interview - Mr Padmakumar Swaminathan, Chairman, IEEMA Surge Arresters Division Tech Space - Development of Polymer Surge Arresters for Medium to Ultra High Voltage Levels Techarrester Space - Online Condition Monitoring of Lightning Arrester Selection of surge Checking transmission, In Depth - Selection of Surge Arrester and its Location

and its location plays key role in protection of equipment

Lightning is the most frequent cause of over voltages on distribution systems. Lightning is a gigantic spark resulting from the development of millions of volts between clouds or between a cloud and the earth. It is similar to the dielectric breakdown of a huge capacitor. The voltage of a lightning stroke may start at hundreds of millions of volts between the cloud and earth.

H e EC renc s OTl Conferrester distribution losses is UP’s R EP ona ge A 6 i mantra for UDAY URGnternation SuArpril 20e1w Delh S nd I rials 29th ien, N 03 o & erid o. 1 ec Tuto 8interactive IEEMA organized San th m 2 l Le M age N cu P e t session on ‘Making UDAY Ho Happen’ in Lucknow attended by key govt officials from the Centre and state government and industrialists. The session delved upon the power and energy sector in Uttar Pradesh. Mr Anil Swarup, Secretary, Ministry of Coal, GOI expressed hope and optimism about reviving power situation in the country.

“Electrical Equipments and Industrial Electronics” have been offered relief in form of customs and excise duty modification, to reduce cost and improve competitiveness of domestic industry.

April 2016

Contents

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

ISSN 0970-2946 Rs. 100/-

Union Budget 2016-17

From the President’s Desk

Intended Towards Balanced and Inclusive Growth

Focus on MSME

Samvaad

Entrepreneurs & start-ups to help Electrical Equipment Manufacturers

Fund Allocation

in DDGJY & IPDS increased from 4500 Crores to 8500 Crores

Appointments This new space in the IEEMA Journal will incorporate recent important appointments in the power and related sectors.

Allocation of 3000 Crores for Nuclear Power, will help boost the sector

Budgetary Outlay in Power Sector, increased over previous budget

Cover Story

Union Budget 2016-17 intended towards balanced and inclusive growth: IEEMA

In depth

Special Features on Surge Arresters

IEEMA Event

and its location plays key role in protection of equipment

“Electrical Equipments and Industrial Electronics” have been offered relief in form of customs and excise duty modification, to reduce cost and improve competitiveness of domestic industry.

April 2016

Contents

Policy matters CBEC initiatives for Ease of Doing Business

Interview IEEMA Surge Arrestors Division Chairman Mr Padmakumar Swaminathan Speaks to IEEMA Journal on the Indian Surge Arrester Industry which has proved its capability to supply High Quality products meeting international standards IEEMA International Division Chairman, Mr Anil Saboo speaks to IEEMA Journal on IEEMAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s participation in international events and the ways ahead for IEEMA international Business Division

Tech Space Online Condition Monitoring of Lightning Arresterâ&#x20AC;?- Trend Analysis of 3rd Harmonic Resistive Leakage Current To ensure healthiness of lightning arresters and avoid premature failures, it is necessary to monitor health of lightning arresters at regular intervals. Healthiness of the lightning arresters can be verified by offline or online measurements.

Tech Space

In focus

Development of polymer surge arresters for medium voltage, high voltage, extra high voltage and ultra high voltage levels

Employee Perception towards CSR Activities

To protect electrical power system equipment from lightning and switching over voltages, surge arresters are used as a tool for insulation coordination. Upto approximately 132kV, the system insulation has to be designed to withstand primarily lightning surges. Above 132kV both lightning and switching surges have to be considered. For EHV and UHV systems switching over voltages in combination with insulator contamination becomes the predominating factor in the insulation design.

Tech Space Traveling Wave Fault Location in Protective Relays: Design, Testing, and Results Faults in power transmission lines cause transients that travel at a speed close to the speed of light and propagate along the line as traveling waves (TWs).

Social responsibility is the responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviors that is consistent with sustainable development and the welfare of society and takes into account the expectations of stakeholders Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one such niche area of corporate behaviour and governance that needs to be addressed and effectively implemented in the organisation.

Guest Article Transmission Line Arresters In any transmission or Distribution network, Surge Arresters are provided to ensure that any surges occurring in the system are diverted to ground and the system is maintained. Surge Arresters that are provided in the substation to protect vital equipment like the transformers, CT, PT, Switchgear installed in the incoming of the sub-station are called as the substation arresters.

This paper shows how these transients can be measured in a protective relay and used to enhance its fault locating function.

April 2016

Contents

Editorial Board

85 1

National News Rajasthan issues Rs 28,400 crore bonds to 26 banks under UDAY scheme

Power Ministry Updates 76

IEEMA Activities 78

87 1

Corporate News BHEL commissions second 270 MW thermal unit in Punjab

ERDA News

Power Scenario Global Scenario Indian Scenario

IEEMA Database Basic Prices & Indices Production Statistics

CPRI News 97

Seminars & Fairs 98

Product Showcase

International News Kokam deploys NMC Energy Storage Systems at South Korean electric grid

Index to Advertisers

Advisory Committee Founder Chairman Mr R G Keswani

Chairman Mr Babu Babel

Members Mr Sunil Misra Mr Naveen Kumar Mr Mustafa Wajid Mr Vikram Gandotra

Sub Editor Ms Shalini Singh

Advertisements Incharge Ms Vidya Chikhale

Circulation Incharge Ms Chitra Tamhankar

Statistics & Data Incharge Mr Ninad Ranade

Regd Office - Mumbai 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. Phones: +91(0) 22 24930532 / 6528 Fax: +91(0) 22 2493 2705 Email: mumbai@ieema.org Corporate Office - New Delhi Rishyamook Building, First floor, 85 A, Panchkuian Road, New Delhi 110001. Phones: +91 (0) 11-23363013, 14, 16 Fax: +91 (0) 11-23363015 Email: delhi@ieema.org Branch Office - Bengaluru 204, Swiss Complex, 33, Race Course Road, Bengaluru 560 001. Phones: +91 (0) 80 2220 1316 / 1318 Fax: +91 (0) 80 220 1317 Email: bangalore@ieema.org Branch Office - Kolkata 503 A, Oswal Chambers, 2, Church Lane, Kolkata 700 001. Phones: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Fax: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Email: kolkata@ieema.org Website: www.ieema.in Articles: Technical data presented and views expressed by authors of articles are their own and IEEMA does not assume any responsibility for the same. IEEMA Journal owns copyright for original articles published in IEEMA Journal. Representatives: Guwahati (Assam) - Nilankha Chaliha Email: nilankha.chaliha@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9706389965 Raipur (Chhattisgarh) - Rakesh Ojha Email: rakesh.ojha@ieema.org Mobile:+91 9826855666 Lucknow (U.P. and Uttarakhand) Ajuj Kumar Chaturvedi Email: anuj.chaturvedi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9839603195 Chandigarh (Punjab & Haryana) Bharti Bisht Email: bharti.bisht@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9888208880 Jaipur (Rajasthan) Devesh Vyas Email: devesh.vyas@ieema.org Mobile: +91 8955093854 Bhubaneshwar (Odisha) Smruti Ranjan Samantaray Email: smrutiranjan.samantaray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9437189920 Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) Jesse A Inaparthi Email: jesse.inaparthi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9949235153 Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) Mohammad Irfan Parray Email: irfan.parray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9858455509

An interactive session on ‘Making UDAY Happen’ in Lucknow

IEEMA Members Helpline No. 022-66605754

Edited, Printed and published by Mr Sunil Kumar Misra on behalf of Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association, and Printed at India Printing Works, India Printing House, 42, G. D. Ambekar Road, Wadala, Mumbai 400 031 and Published at 501, Kakad Chambers,132, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

April 2016

APPOINTMENTS Mr Venugopal Suresh Senapaty appointed Chairman Mr Keshanakurthi appointed as Chief Amitabh Kant appointed CEO NITI Aayog Honeywell Automation IndiaSecretary, Limited Financial of RattanIndia PowerDepartment Limited of Mr AmitabhOfficer Kant, IAS(KL:80),

Industrial and Promotion has been appointed as HoneywellPolicy Automation announced Mr RattanIndia Power LtdIndia has Limited recently announced CEO, Aayog, after his superannuation. terms SureshNITI Senapaty’s appointment as its Additional Director appointment of Mr. Venugopal Keshanakurthi asThe the Chief and conditions his asasimmediate CEO, NITI Aayog (Non-Executive, Independent), Chairman of its Financial Officerofof theappointment companyand with effect. will be conveyed due course. Board of Directors, effective Marchmeeting 8, 2016.held Suresh will The decision wasintaken in a board on 12th be responsible for Keshanakurthi contributing to will HAIL’s overall strategy February 2016. Mr oversee corporate Ms Shrivastava appointed Special andSnehlata to accounting, provide counsel on corporate governance, finance, investor relations and financial business, for and financial matters. strategies the company. will be directly reporting Secretary, Department ofHe Financial Services to ChairmanShrivastava, of the company Rajiv Rattan. MstheSnehlata IASMr(MP:82), has been

Mr Balrajas Joshi appointed Technical Director, appointed Special Secretary, Department of Financial Mr AK Tripathi appointed Deputy Secretary, NHPC Ministry of Finance. Services, Skill Development Ministry Mr Balraj Joshi, Executive Director, NHPC Ltd has been Mr Amrendra Kumar Dubey appointed appointed as Director NHPC LtdSpecial for period Mr Ajay Kumar Tripathi(Technical), has been appointed as aDeputy of five years. Secretary the Ministry Ministry of Skill Development and Secretary,inCoal Entrepreneurship. He isDubey, a CSSIAS officer and ishas currently Mr Amrendra Kumar (KL:82), been Mr Narasimhachari Kannan appointed Executive posted in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme appointed as Special Secretary, Ministry of Coal Implementation. Director (Operations),Vikram Solar

Mr Neeraj Kumar Gupta provider appointed Secretary, Solar energy solutions Vikram Solar has Mr G Parthasarathi appointed Deputy Secretary, Department Disinvestment appointed Mr of Narasimhachari Kannan as the company’s Disinvestment deptt executive directoroperations. In his new role, Kannan will Shri Neeraj Kumar Gupta, lAS (UP:1982), Special Mr G Parthasarathi has been Deputy assume responsibility forofstrengthening entireas operations Secretary, Department Publicappointed Enterprises, Ministry Secretary in the Department of Enterprises Disinvestment. is for Heavy the company. of Industries and Public has He been aappointed CSS officer and is currently posted in Department of as Secretary, Department of Disinvestment, Economic Mr Saptarshi Roy to succeed current Director HR, Ministry of Affairs. Finance.

UP Anurag Pani Sharma appointed Deputy Secretary, Mr Mr Atul Sobti assumed charge as Chairman & The incumbent Executive Director, NTPC, Mr Saptarshi Commerce Managing Director, BHEL Roy has been selected for the post of Director (HR), Mr Anurag Sharma, IRS (2005), has beenas National Thermal Power Corporation Limited inappointed selection Mr Atul Sobti, 56, has (IT) assumed charge CMD of as Deputy Secretary in the Department ofengineering Commerce. interview held by Public Enterprises Selection Board.and As India’s largest Maharatna Public Sector many as 11 candidates selection manufacturing enterprise. appeared Prior to this,inMr. Sobti wasinterview. Director Ms Aradhna Johri gets additional charge of Subject to requisite clearance and ACCportfolios ratification on the Board of BHEL, heading two crucial of Roy will P Panihe asalso Director (HR), NTPC on Secretary (PM),UCabinet Secretariat Power andreplace Finance. Earlier, held additional charge November 01, 2016.IAS of the post of Director (Engineering, R&D). Ms Aradhana Johri, (UP:80), has been assigned an additional charge of Secretary, Performance Management MrCabinet VS Gaur, appointed Joint Secretary, NITI Aayog Mr Rajeev Sharma CMD-REC recommended for in Secretariat. Vikram Singh Gaur, IFoS (JH:86), has been appointed as CMD-PFC post Joint Secretary, Aayog. Mr Ratan WatalNITI gets extension as Secretary, Public Enterprise Selection Board (PESB) recommended

Ministry the name of of Finance Mr Rajeev Sharma for the post of CMD of Mr D K Hota selected as CMD, BEML Ltd Power Finance Corporation. Mr Sharma is currently CMD

The service tenure of Ratan P Watal, Finance Secretary MrRural D K Hota, Director (Human Resources), BEML, has of Electrification Corporation. Mr Sharma anApril exand Secretary Expenditure has been extended upto been selected for the post of Chairman-cum-Managing employee of PFC is recommended after the interview 30, 2016. Watal, who belongs to a 1978 batch IAs officer Director, BEML Limited at was abe Public Enterprises held on 18-01-2016. He will taking over from Selection outgoing of Andhra Pradesh cadre, retiring in February, 2016. BoardMr meeting. CMD MK Goel who will be retiring in August 2016.

Mr D K Hota selected as CMD, BEML Ltd Mr PP Selva Sudhakar Raotakes getscharges extension Director Mr kumar asas Director Mr D K Hota, Director (Human Resources), BEML, has (Technical), ECIL (Planning &Projects) of NLC been selected for the post of Chairman-cum-Managing

Mr P Sudhakar Rao,&Projects) Chairman andNLC, Managing Director of Director, BEML Limited at a Public Enterprises Selection Director (Planning of Mr Selvakumar, Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), has been Board meeting held on 30, 2015. has assumed Office as December Director (Planning & Projects) in

18 20 38

given anLignite extension in his additional charge of the post Neyveli Corporation LimitedDirector on 1st January 2016. Mr Santosh Sharma appointed (Ope), HCLof Director (Technical) of ECIL. will beasholding the post Prior to this Selvakumar hasHe served Chiefhas General Mr Santosh Sharma, Executive Director, HCL, been for further periods of six months or until further orders. Manager in New projects and Business Development appointed as Director (Operations), Hindustan Copper Department of the company. Mr P Selvakumar is a Limited (HCL). Ms Archana Agarwal appointed part-time graduate in Mechanical Engineering and in Mining Engineering and also a post graduate Power Mr N Krishnappa appointed Director (OU), BEL Government Director, SJVN Ltd in Thermal Engineering and Finance Management. The Appointment Committee of Cabinet has approved Union Ministry of Power has appointed Archana Agarwal the appointment of Mr N Krishnappa, GM (MS), as Part-time Government Director on the Board Mr K Sreekant recommended for the post ofBEL asof Director Units), Electronics Limited (BEL). Directors(Other of SJVN Ltd. Bharat At present, Ms Agarwal is the Joint Director(Finance), POWERGRID Secretary (Hydro), Union Ministry of Power. SJVN Limited, Mr VC Bhandari selected ‘A’ for Dir (HR), EIL The PESB hasand recommended the name of Mr K Sreekant a Mini Ratna Schedule CPSU under the Ministry for the post of Director (Finance), Power Grid Corporation The incumbent V C is Bhandari beenbetween selected the for of Power, Govt.ED, of EIL India, a joint has venture of India Limited (PGCIL) the post of Director (Human Resource), Engineers India Govt. of India & Govt. of Himachal Pradesh. Limited in selection interview held on February 9, 2016,

Mr AGWJoint Kharkongor recommended the post 11 new Secretaries appointed for to various Mr SK Sahay appointed Member, CBDT of CMD, NEEPCO ministries

Mr Sahay, (IT) (1979), has as TheSK PESB hasIRS recommended the been nameappointed of Mr AGW Senior IAS officer Nikunj Kumar Srivastava has been Member of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). Kharkongor for the post of Chairman & Managing Director, appointed as Joint Secretary Personnel Ministry as part North Eastern Electric Power in Corp. Ltd (NEEPCO) Mr Mahanta appointed Joint Secretary Heavy of aBJ mid-level bureaucratic reshuffle by the government.

Mr Raman recommended for the post of Director Industries As many as 11 new Joint Secretaries have been appointed (Technical), SAIL Mahanta, Mr Bhaskarministries Jyoti IPS eight (AM:88), has joined to various who include IAS officers and

the Government of India astheJoint Heavy The recommended nameSecretary of Mr Raman for threePESB from has other services. Industries. IPS officer was empanelled for the post the post ofThe Director (Technical), Steel Authority of India Indian Service officer Vikram Singh Gaur2015 has of Joint Forest Secretary in Government of India in July Limited (SAIL). been appointed as JS as in NITI Aayog.Director General of while he was posted Additional Police(ADGP) Assam. IAS officers Gyanesh Bharti and Vivek Joshi have been appointed as JS in Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and Department of Expenditure, Director (Power), BHEL respectively, it said. The Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB) is seeking MECON Ltd qualified candidates for the of DIRECTOR (POWER), S K Dev Verman is new JSpost in Ministry of Minority Affairs Post: Chairman and Managing Director BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED(BHEL) in and R K Sudhanshu has been made Joint Secretary, The Public (PESB) is schedule “A”ofEnterprises ofElectronics the CPSE,Selection the scale Board of pay of the post Department & Information Technology, the seeking qualified candidates for the post of CHAIRMAN being 75,000 by 1,00,000/(REVISED). Applicants who are orderMANAGING issued DoPT said. AND MECON LTD., in alongwith schedule eligible as per jobDIRECTOR description, for the said post “A” of the CPSE, the scale of pay of the post being Rs. Santosh D Vaidya, a 1998-batch IAS officer of union their up-to-date bio-data (in the prescribed form) duly 80000 125000 (REVISED). Candidates seniority-wise territories cadre, has been appointedtoasPESB JS, Ministry of endorsed may kindly be forwarded by 22nd who are eligible as per job description can apply for the February New and 2016. Renewable Energy. said post alongwith their up-to-date bio-data may kindly Forest Service P Chaudhary is JS in Department be forwarded toofficer PESBOPower by 07th Finance MARCH, 2016. Director (Projects), Corporation of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries. The Selection Board (PESB) is NTPCPublic Ltd Enterprises Indian Postal Service officer S Barmma new JS in seeking qualified candidates forCthe post ofisDIRECTOR Post: Director(Commercial) Department of Justice, while Rakesh Kumar has been (PROJECT), POWER FINANCE CORPORATION LTD., in schedule “A”asEnterprises of Senior the CPSE, the scale of pay of the(Joint post The Public Selection Board (PESB) is appointed Deputy Director General being Rs. 75,000-1,00,000/(REVISED). Applicants seeking qualified for the post of Director Secretary-level) in candidates Indian Council of Medical Research (Commercial), LTD schedule “A” CPSE. who are iteligible as per jobindescription for of thethe said post (ICMR), said.NTPC Candidates seniority-wise are eligible per job alongwith their up-to-date who bio-data (in the as prescribed IAS officer K Rajeshwar Rao hasforwarded been made Joint description may kindly forwarded to PESB 04 form) duly endorsed maybekindly be to by PESB Secretary in Department of Health & Family Welfare. March 2016. by 25 February 2016.

VACANCIES VACANCIES

April 2016 2016 March February

CoverStory

Union Budget 2016-17

Intended towards Balanced and Inclusive Growth Focus on MSME Entrepreneurs & start-ups to help Electrical Equipment Manufacturers

Fund Allocation in DDGJY & IPDS increased from 4500 Crores to 8500 Crores

Allocation of 3000 Crores for Nuclear Power, will help boost the sector

Budgetary Outlay in Power Sector, increased over previous budget

mid frenzied anticipation, budget announced has lived upto the expectation in terms of uplifting areas which would contribute to economic growth and areas which shall provide macroeconomic stability and sustained growth to the country, if supported by continuous short and long term policy reforms. Among various favourable announcements which have been made, some budgetary changes under “Make in India” would give immediate relief to certain important manufacturing industrial sectors. Industries like Information & Technology hardware, textile, defense production, mineral fuels & mineral oils, chemicals & petrochemicals, paper, paperboard & newsprint, MRO of aircrafts & ship repair and capital goods including “Electrical Equipments and Industrial Electronics” have been offered relief in form of customs and excise duty modification, to reduce cost and improve competitiveness of domestic industry.

IEEMA represented to the Govt. for increasing basic customs duties on its 228 tariff lines from 5% & 7.5% to 10% Before Budget After Budget 13 at 0% Basic Customs 13 at 0% Basic Customs Duty due to the Duty due to the Information Technology Information Technology Agreement Agreement 5 at 5% Basic Customs 5 at 5% Basic Customs Duty; Duty; 223 at 7.5% Basic 134 at 7.5% Basic Customs Duty Customs Duty 32 at 10% Basic Customs 121 at 10% Basic Duty Customs Duty

Overall, Indian economic growth remained strong. India, which has always been seen as a “bright” spot, has shown “extraordinary” growth in recent past amid adverse global conditions. The growth of GDP has accelerated to 7.6%; CPI inflation has come down to 5.4%. External situation is robust, as current account deficit declined from 18.4 billion USD to 14.4 billion USD this year. This year’s budget key theme can said to be more inclined towards boosting the rural economy. While emphasis has been given to agriculture, infrastructure, skill development and healthcare, budget satisfyingly encapsulate major concerns/ issues of manufacturing industry. Announcements made regarding “Agricultural Sector”, “Rural Electrification”, “Skill Development”, “Simplification of taxation” and “Ease of Doing Business” shall have direct or indirect favourable impact on Electrical equipments and Industrial Electronics.

Agricultural Sector The budget aims at doubling farmer’s income by 2022; address issues related to optimal utilization of water resources; conserve soil fertility; and provide value addition and connectivity from farm to markets. Significant announcements have been made in this regard, which would also encourage domestic rotating machines’ manufacturers, marginally; as benefits given to agricultural sector is expected to create increase in demand of various rotating machines.

Rural Electrification Budget 2016 targets 100% rural electrification by 1st May 2018. Power transmission & distribution industry at large

April 2016

CoverStory

shall get benefited due to this significant announcement. About 20% of villages in India are un- electrified, and many are partially electrified. Indian T&D industry would be able to support the target of Govt. given its more than sufficient capacities which have remained underutilized due to inefficiencies beyond industry’s control and unwanted imports.

Skill Development Capital goods sector, wherein, keeping up with global technology is of prime importance- needs to have skilled manpower. Budget having considered criticality of skill development has various measures/ programs to develop skill. Some of the measures/ programs like 1500 multi skill training institutes across the country would train lakhs; and industry- academia partnership in setting up National Board of Skill Development Certification program shall ensure updated skilled manpower available to this country. Further, certain exemptions would support skill development, like service tax on

April 2016

services provided by way of skill/ vocational training by training partners under “Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya” Yojana. As per planning plan 12th plan “Skill building can be viewed as an instrument to improve the effectiveness and contribution of labor to the overall production. It is as an important ingredient to push the production possibility frontier outward and to take growth rate of the economy to a higher trajectory.”

Simplification of Taxation & Ease of Doing Business

Though, new cess “Krishi Kalyan Cess” on all taxable services and revised cess “Clean Environment Cess”

CoverStory

on coal, lignite and peat have been introduced, in order to reduce multiplicity of taxes and cascading effect- 13 cesses levied by various ministries have been proposed to be abolished. Further, revision of return has been extended to Central Excise assesses.

Budget -Indirect Tax: Excise Announcements hh

Interest rate on delayed payment of excise duty has been rationalized to 15%

A number of steps have been taken to reduce the cargo release time and the transaction costs of EXIM trade. Customs has been proposed to amend the Customs Act in order to incorporate provision for deferred payment of customs duties for importers and exporters with proven track record.

Excise Duties modified suitably to encourage “Make in India”

Instructions to Chief Commissioner of Central Excise to file application for withdrawal of prosecution in cases involving duty less than Rs. 5 Lacs, which are pending for more than 15 years

11 new benches of CESTAT to remove backlog. Amendment in CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004

Based on budgetary changes and in view of our current foreign trade policy Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) has taken-up the task of implementing ‘Indian Customs Single Window Project’ to facilitate trade. This project envisages that the importers and exporters would electronically lodge their Customs clearance documents at a single point only with the Customs. The required permission, if any, from Partner Government Agencies (PGAs) such as Animal Quarantine, Plant Quarantine, Drug Controller, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Textile Committee etc. would be obtained online without the importer/exporter having to separately approach these agencies. This would be possible through a common, seamlessly integrated IT systems utilized by all regulatory agencies, logistics service providers and the importers/exporters. The Single Window would thus provide the importers/exporters a single point interface for clearance of import and export goods thereby reducing dwell time and cost of doing business.

Budget -Indirect Tax: Customs Announcements hh

Amendment in Customs Act to provide provision for deferred payment of Customs Duties for importer/ exporter having proven record

Interest rate on delayed payment of customs duty has been rationalized to 15%

Customs Duties modified suitably to encourage “Make in India”

Amendment to provide exemption on DFIA and AA (Advance Authorization) from safeguard duty on retrospective basis

11 new benches of CESTAT to remove backlog. Amendment in CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004

Implementation of Indian Customs Single Window project has made progress

Customs bonded warehouses to be supported by sophisticated IT systems

13 cesses levied by various ministries to be abolished

Budget - Direct Tax: Corporate Announcements hh

Small business (falling under Non Corporate Businesses) with turnover upto Rs. 2 Crores eligible for presumptive taxations scheme under section 44AD

Execution of Corporate Tax phased reduction

Manufacturing companies incorporated on or after 1st March 2016 are proposed to be given option to be taxed at 25% + Surcharge & Cess

Corporate income tax for enterprises having turnover upto Rs. 5 cores to be taxed at 29% + Surcharge & Cess

10% rate of tax on income from worldwide exploitation of patents developed and registered in India

Investor to be taxed instead of trust for Asset Reconstruction Companies

Determination of residency of foreign company on the basis of “Place of Effective Management” deferred by one year

Amend Income Tax act to provide for sunset date of 31.02.2020 for commencement of activity of production/ services by a unit located in SEZ for availing deduction under said section

Customs & Excise Duty and Budgetary Changes S Description no.

Existing

Proposed

BCD being increased on

a) Primary aluminium

7.5%

b) Other aluminium products

7.5%

10%

c) Zinc alloys

7.5%

April 2016

CoverStory

BCD on Industrial solar water heater being increased.

Nil BCD exemption on solar tempered glass / solar tempered (antireflective coated) glass being withdrawn and 5% concessional BCD being imposed, subject to actual user conditions.

Solar lamp being exempt from excise duty

12.5%

Nil

Tariff rate of BCD being increased on goods falling under 211 specified tariff lines in Chapter 84, 85 and 90. Out of which:

7.5%

10%

7.5%

(i) The effective rate of BCD on goods falling under 115 specified tariff lines in being maintained at 7.5%. (ii) The effective rate of BCD on goods falling under remaining 96 tariff lines is being increased to 10%.

7.5%

10%

BCD being rationalized on:

a) Coal; briquettes, ovoids 2.5% / and similar solid fuels 10% manufactured from coal

b) Lignite, whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet

10%

2.5%

c) Peat (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated

10%

2.5%

d) Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon

5% / 10%

e) Coal gas, water gas, producer gas and similar gases, other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons

10%

f) Tar distilled from coal, from lignite or from peat and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled, including reconstituted tars

10%

April 2016

g) Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the nonaromatic constituents

2.5% /5 %/ 10%

2.5%

h) Pitch and pitch coke, obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars

5% / 10%

Excise duty on carbon pultrusions used for manufacture of rotor blades, and intermediates, parts and sub-parts of rotor blades for wind operated electricity generators being reduced.

12.5%

Excise duty on Unsaturated Polyester Resin (polyester based infusion resin and hand layup resin), Hardeners/Hardener for adhesive resin, Vinyl Easter Adhesive (VEA) and Epoxy Resin used for manufacture of rotor blades, and intermediates, parts and sub-parts of rotor blades for wind operated electricity generators being increased.

Nil

10%

2.5%

As per announcement made in budget- Govt. is drawing up a plan for next 15- 20 years, to augment the investment in nuclear power generation. Upto Rs. 3000 crore per annum have been allocated to facilitate investments in this regard. Allocation to some other power development related schemes, concerned ministries/ departments and power sector: hh Rs. 8500 crores for Deendyal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana and Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)

hh Rs. 5036 crores to Ministry of New And Renewable Energy hh Rs. 246246.39 crores to infrastructure & energy sector hh Rs. 1804 crores for investment promotion and amended technology upgradation fund scheme

CoverStory

Ministry of Power Grant Accounted For

15- 16 Budget (Revised)

Total

Revenue Section SecretariatEconomic Services North Eastern Areas Power TotalRevenue Section Capital Section Capital Outlay on North Eastern Areas Capital Outlay on Power Projects Loans for North Eastern Areas Loans for Power Projects Total-Capital Section Grand Total

(in Rs. Crores)

Plan

NonPlan

Total

Mr Gyanesh Chaudhary Managing Director and CEO, Vikram Solar

26.7

166.13

...

166.13

483

607.31

0.1

607.41

“Union Budget’s proposals are reflective of the Government’s intent to achieve accelerated growth for rural India and revive the agricultural economy, which is much welcome. It is noteworthy to see commitment to achieve 100% rural electrification by 2018, along with focus on education and skill development. Having said that, the budget presented by Hon’ble Finance Minister, Shri Arun Jaitley did not promise a lot for the manufacturing sector. With no clear or bold reforms announced in manufacturing, (apart from 100% FDI in food processing) the budget did not showcase the intention to coordinate efforts under ‘Make in India’ initiative.”

134.17

197.09

...

197.09

Mr. Sunil Khanna

834.65

2751.19

...

2751.19

1478.52

3721.72

0.1

3721.82

9833

14332.5

30.91

...

35.57

647.59

856.78

...

856.78

7675.98

9754

170.82

9924.82

8354.48

10610.78 206.39 10817.17

206.49 14538.99

Well balanced budget from a long term perspective; on short term, it might have had to be more aggressive in eliminating inefficiencies not in control of manufacturing industry. Surely, budget details reflect a steady growth and macroeconomic stability.

Union Budget~Industry Reactions

16- 17 Budget

President and Managing Director of Emerson Network Power The effort to incentivize the Make In India program by way of domestic value adding in the Electronics Manufacturing Systems segment is a step in the positive irection as is the removing of custom duties. This augurs well for us as majority of the spending in our industry is on imported ESDM Electronic System Design & Manufacturing items. From a taxation standpoint, lowering of Corporate IT Tax for companies not exceeding Rs. 5 crore turnover to 25% plus surcharge is a positive move as it offers incentives to SMEs and SMBs in the country to focus on their growth. Another proposal that will benefit the country and stimulate start-ups on the growth trajectory is the amendments to the taxation for new manufacturing companies incorporated after is 1ST March 2016 as they will now have the option to be taxed at 25% plus surcharge and cess provided they do not claim profit linked to investment.”

April 2016

CoverStory

Union Budget ~ Industry Reactions Mr Dinesh Aggarwal

Mr Babu Babel

Joint MD, Anchor Electricals Pvt. Ltd.

IEEMA President

The Government’s commitment on a stable taxation regime, aggressive outlay for infrastructure growth and skill development will ensure that foreign investors retain and grow their interest in India, as a market and as a manufacturing base. The lowering of IT rate for small size companies, tax holiday and speedy registration for startups will ensure development of the ancillary ecosystem and encourage innovation and new technologies and business models. The budget combines very well a very strong and critical social objective with the fact that our country should continue to be seen as a favored destination for investment by ensuring that the macro indicators remain positive, governance of financial markets remain strong and the rural sector is fully included in our economic growth.

“The budget is in continuation of Government’s commitment to provide 24 X 7 Electricity For All, with increased allocation in the power sector. The focus on augmenting Nuclear Power with an allocation of INR 3000 crores is a welcome step and reflects the government’s intent to achieve the right fuel balance. While the Finance Minister has not gone overboard to make some populist announcements; yet he did his best to strike a balance between short-term growth and sustainable economic gains and has done a great balancing job. This will give a big boost to the infrastructure and rural sector. With a budgetary outlay of INR 79,884 crores to the power sector in the new Budget there is an increase over previous year. The electrical industry is hopeful that the Government will take all steps to ensure that there is full utilisation of funds allocated.

Mr Sunil Misra Director General, IEEMA “The budget 2016 17 addresses Skill Development and new job creation, with 1500 Multi Skill Training Institutes proposed to be set up under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, across the country with an amount of INR 1,700 crores. Moreover, the proposal to set up a National Board for Skill Development Certification in partnership with the industry and academia is encouraging, which will train one crore youth over the next three years, further benefitting the manufacturing sector. This will also result in uniformity of growth and development across the country. IEEMA echoes the The Make In India and Skill India campaigns of the Government. This conforms to IEEMA’s objectives to promote domestic production and focus on exports through its ‘Made In India’ proposition.

April 2016

Mr. V.P. Mahendru chairman, Eon Electric It is pleasing to see the Government sticking to its fiscal deficit target as it will give a boost to the overall economy. Changes in customs and excise duty rates for capital goods sector is an encouraging sign for industrial growth as it will help reduce costs and improve competitiveness of domestic industry. The proposal to provide 100% village electrification by May 1, 2018, is indeed very welcome as it in line with the Nation’s overall vision to provide 24X7 electricity. This will also create headroom for energy efficiency such as use of LED will be vital in achieving the Nation’s vision.

InDepth

ightning is the most frequent cause of over voltages on distribution systems. Basically, lightning is a gigantic spark resulting from the development of millions of volts between clouds or between a cloud and the earth. It is similar to the dielectric breakdown of a huge capacitor. The voltage of a lightning stroke may start at hundreds of millions of volts between the cloud and earth. Although these values do not reach the earth, millions of volts can be delivered to the buildings, trees or distribution lines struck. In the case of overhead distribution lines, it is not necessary that a stroke contact the line to produce over voltages dangerous to equipment. This is so because “induced voltages” caused by the collapse of the electrostatic field with a nearby stroke may reach to very high values. Lightning is classified as a transient event. The amount of energy contained in a lightning stroke is very high and it can be extremely destructive, even a single stroke to a distribution line can be sucient to cause a blackout throughout a feeder. Lightning is the main reason for outages in transmission and distribution lines. When lightning strikes a power line, it

April 2016

is like closing a “big switch” between a large current source and the power line circuit. The sudden closing of this “big switch” causes an abrupt change in the circuit conditions, creating a transient. There is also the case when the lightning strikes the vicinity of the power line and the large magnetic field generated from the lightning current cause mutual coupling between the power line and the lightning. The event alters the conditions of the power line circuit, as a result, produce an electrical transient. The study of lightning strokes in power lines is very important because it is known that lightning does strike the same structure over and again. This can be a very serious problem for power lines, typically, the highest structures located in high incidence lightning regions. Any structure, no matter its size, may be struck by lightning, but the probability of a structure been struck increases with its height. Very close dart leaders can make as significant a contribution as return strokes in inducing voltages and currents on power systems. The duration of the lightning stroke is usually less than a couple of hundred microseconds.

The original lightning arrester was nothing more than a spark air gap with one side connected to a line conductor and the other side connected to earth ground. When the line-to-ground voltage reached the spark-over level, the voltage surge would be discharged to earth ground. The modern metal oxide arrester provides both excellent protective characteristics and temporary overvoltage capability. The metal oxide disks maintain a stable characteristic and sufficient non-linearity and do not require series gaps. Lightning strikes are not the only sources of voltage surges in the electrical system. The following are a few of the more frequently encountered causes of transient voltage surges: hh

Surge voltages associated with switching capacitors.

Surge voltages due to a failure in equipment insulation resulting in a short circuit on the distribution system.

Surge voltages associated with the discharge of lightning arresters at other locations within the facility.

InDepth

Basic Structure Of Lighting Arrester The earthing screen and ground wires can well protect the electrical system against direct lightning strokes but they fail to provide protection against traveling waves, which may reach the terminal apparatus. The lightning arresters or surge diverters provide protection against such surges. A lightning arrester or a surge diverted conducts the high voltage surges on the power system to the ground. The basic structure of lighting arrester or surge diverter consists of a spark gap in series with a nonlinear resistor. One end of the diverter is connected to the terminal of the equipment to be protected and the other end is effectively grounded. The length of the gap is so set that normal voltage is not enough to cause an arc but a dangerously high voltage will break down the air insulation and form an arc. The property of the non-linear resistance is that its resistance increases as the voltage (or current) increases and vice-versa. The action of the lightning arrester or surge diverter is as under: 1 Under normal operation, the lightning arrester is off the line i.e. it conducts no current to earth or the gap is nonconducting

4 Since the characteristic of the resistor is to offer low resistance to high voltage (or current), it gives the effect of short-circuit. After the surge is over, the resistor offers high resistance to make the gap non-conducting.

d) The voltage across arrester during discharge (residual voltage) should not be too low nor too high.

The proper selection and application of lightning arresters in a system involve decisions in three areas:

Arrester Selection

The objective of arrester application is to select the lowest rated surge arrester which will provide adequate overall protection of the equipment insulation and have a satisfactory service life when connected to the power system. The arrester with the minimum rating is preferred because it provides the greatest margin of protection for the insulation. A higher rated arrester increases the ability of the arrester to survive on the power system, but reduces the protective margin it provides for a specific insulation level. Both arrester survival and equipment protection must be considered in arrester selection. Lightning arrester is located near the equipment to be protected. It is the first apparatus from the line to substation, lightning arrester are also installed near transformer terminals. The proximity of earthed objects and height of lightning arrester above earth affects the characteristics adversely. Hence separation distances should be considered. The basic requirements of LA are:

It should take no current during normal power frequency condition. The break down strength should be above the normal power frequency voltage and permissible over voltage.

Transient Over voltages of value more than insulation flash over

C) The discharge current should not damage the arresters. Lightning arrester should be in a position to absorb the energy without getting damaged.

5 Surge arrester is connected to the conductor just before it enters the equipment. The surge arrester is also connected to ground and functions by routing energy from an overvoltage transient to ground if one occurs, while isolating the conductor from ground at normal operating voltages.

2 On the occurrence of over voltage, the air insulation across the gap breaks down and an arc is formed providing a low resistance path for the surge to the ground. In this way, the excess charge on the line due to the surge is harmlessly conducted through the arrester to the ground instead of being sent back over the line. It is worthwhile to mention the function of non-linear resistor in the operation of arrester. As the gap sparks over due to over voltage, the arc would be a short-circuit on the power system and may cause powerfollow current in the arrester.

or break down level should be diverted to earth.

e) Normal condition should be restored soon after the surge has been diverted.

Selecting the arrester voltage rating. This decision is based on whether or not the system is grounded and the method of system grounding.

2 Location of the arrester: Determine where the arrester should be physically located. 3

Selecting the class of arrester. In general there are three classes of arresters. In order of protection, capability and cost, the classes are: • Station class • Intermediate class • Distribution class

The station class arrester has the best protection capability and is the most expensive.

Arrester Voltage Rating The lower the arrester voltage rating, the lower the discharge voltage, and the better the protection of the insulation system. The lower rated arresters are also more economical. The challenge of selecting and arrester voltage rating is primarily one of determining the maximum sustained line-to-ground voltage that can occur at a given system location and then choosing the closest rating that is not exceeded by it. This maximum sustained voltage to ground is usually considered to be the maximum voltage on the unfaulted phases during a single line-to-ground fault. Hence, the

April 2016

InDepthâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

appropriate arrester ratings are dependent upon the manner of system grounding. For surge arrester applications the â&#x20AC;&#x153;solidly groundedâ&#x20AC;? classification is usually found in Electric Utility distribution systems where the system is usually only grounded at the point of supply. These systems can exhibit a wide range of grounding co-efficients depending upon the system or location in the system. Accordingly, these systems may require a study to ensure the most economical, secure, arrester rating selection. Both high resistance and low resistance systems are considered ungrounded for the selection of the proper surge arrester since during a line-to-ground fault the unfaulted phases and their arresters experience essentially lineto-line voltage. The same is true for the infrequently used ungrounded system. This simply means that the maximum continuous operating voltage, must be at least 100 % of the maximum operating voltage of the system.

Location of Arresters The ideal location for lightning arresters, from the standpoint of protection, is directly at the terminals of the equipment to be protected. At this location, with the arrester grounded directly at the tank, frame or other metallic structure which supports the insulated parts, the surge voltage applied to the insulation will be limited to the discharge voltage of the arrester. Practical system circumstance and sound economics often dictate that arresters be mounted remotely from the equipment to be protected. Often, one set of arresters can be applied to protect more than one piece of equipment. Low BIL apparatus (certain dry-type transformers and rotating machines) will often require surge protective devices be connected directly at the terminals of the equipment being protected. In many switchgear installations, the only exposure to lightning will

April 2016

be through a transformer located on its up stream side. When the transformer has adequate lightning protection on its primary, experience has shown that the surge transferred through the transformer is usually not of a magnitude that would be harmful to the switchgear. Hence, it is generally not necessary to provide arresters in the switchgear. When arresters are located away from the terminals of the protected equipment, the voltage wave will reflect positively on the equipment terminals and the voltage magnitude at the terminal point will always be higher than the discharge voltage of the arrester. This is due to the fact that the protected equipment usually has a higher surge impedance than the line or cable serving it. If the circuit is open at the protected equipment (infinite surge impedance), the voltage will be double the arrester discharge voltage. The actual surge voltage appearing at the protected equipment depends, in part, on the incoming wave magnitude at the instant of arrester discharge. If a positive reflected surge from the protected equipment arrives back at the arrester before arrester discharge, it will add to the incoming wave to produce discharge at a lower incoming wave magnitude. The reflected wave, in this case, results in improved protection. The closer the arrester is to the protected equipment, the greater the effect of the reflected surge on arrester discharge and the better the protection.

Arrester Class The class of lightning arrester to be applied depends upon the importance and value of the protected equipment, its impulse insulation level and the expected discharge currents the arrester must withstand. Station class arresters are designed for protection of equipment that may be exposed to significant energy due to line switching surges and at locations where significant fault

current is available. They have superior electrical performance because their energy absorption capabilities are greater, the discharge voltages (protective levels) are lower and the pressure relief is greater. The value of the protected equipment and the importance of uninterrupted service generally warrant the use of station class arresters throughout their voltage range. Intermediate class arresters are designed to provide economic and reliable protection of medium voltage class power equipment. Intermediate arresters are an excellent choice for the protection of dry-type transformers, for use in switching and sectionalizing equipment and for the protection of URD cables. Traditional applications include medium voltage equipment protection in the substations and rotating machines. Distribution class arresters are frequently used for smaller liquidfilled and dry-type transformers 1000 kVA and less. These arresters can also be used, if available in the proper voltage rating, for application at the terminals of rotating machines below 1000 kVA. The distribution arrester is often used out on exposed lines that are directly connected to rotating machines.

Recommendations DOs Before maintenance, inspection or replacement work, take shut down & earthed the concern circuit disconnect the arrester from line end as a safety precaution. While erecting arrester it is to keep the vent ports away from transformer and other equipments, so as to prevent damage to them in the event of failure of arrester. Damaged or unserviceable arrester should be kept away from the healthy arrester. Arrester crates should be stored indoors on cement floor to prevent damage to crates or water entry into arrester.

InDepth

Arrester crates should be kept in vertical position to prevent damage and loosening of parts inside.

The chipped or cracks porcelain housing of arrester should not be installed.

If surge monitor is not used, then connect the bottom of arrester directly to station earth.

Arrester should not be lifted by line terminal, rope may be used around the housing for lifting the arrester.

Always be certain that the ground connection is firmly made before connecting the arrester to an energized line.

The arrester should not be tilted, these should be handling only in an upright position.

In case discharge counter is used, it must be connected before connecting arrester to an energized line. When installing the grading rings individual care should be taken to avoid rings striking the porcelain. In multi units same make units should be used. Don’ts Do not work on arrester without taking shut down in concern circuit. While maintenance or installing the arrester unit. The staff should not be climbed as this may result in breakage of porcelain

ly month onics & electr ctrical ding ele the lea

O.. 10 NO EN ¬ ISSUE E4 ME LUM OLU VO

0-2946 ISSN 097

In case any abnormal sound amounting of broken. Components inside the porcelain housing is heard in any of the arrester, the arrester should not be used. In multi units different make should not be used. The arrester should not be used as bus support. The earth terminal of the arrester should never be isolated in the event of removing of surge monitor disconnection should be by-passed by an earthing shunt. Surge monitor being an sensitive instrument proper handling of the instrument is required.

Conclusion Each piece of electrical equipment in an electrical system needs to be protected from voltage surges. To prevent damage to electrical equipment, surge protection considerations are paramount to a well-designed electrical system. Surge Arrester plays an important role in ensuring safety of electrical equipments as well as working personal from Lightning surges in Electrical Installations. Modern metal oxide arresters provide exceptional overvoltage protection of equipment connected to the power system. The proper selection and application of the arrester, however, involves decisions in several areas. Ashok Upadhyay

BE (Electrical), M Tech. Hon. (Ind Engg. M. Phil (Renewable Energy), PHD Scholar Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

R 50/ Rs.

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Face Face2 h Patel

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Profile Country Egypt

April 2016

IEEMA Event

Checking transmission, distribution losses is

UP’s mantra for UDAY

Indian

Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association organized an interactive session on ‘Making UDAY Happen’ in Lucknow attended by many key government officials from the Centre and state government and industrialists. The session delved upon the power and energy sector in Uttar Pradesh. Mr Anil Swarup, Secretary, Ministry of Coal, GOI expressed hope and optimism about reviving power situation in the country. Uttar Pradesh is among the first states that decided to implement the Centre’s UDAY to bring about an improvement on the power supply front. “Uttar Pradesh has performed extraordinarily well in implementation of UDAY.

However, distribution aspect of electricity remains a challenge in many states. The financial condition of many of the distribution companies is alarming and that of distress” said the association. IEEMA welcomed the Ministry of Power’s scheme of ‘Ujjwal Discom Assurance Yojana’ (UDAY) in this regard. To overcome the mounting loss of the power utilities and AT&C losses of 25%, Uttar Pradesh has recently signed up for the UDAY scheme, a welcome move which is expected to result in the savings of Rs. 33,000 Crore for the state. Besides helping UPPCL to bring about financial turnaround, UDAY would also help them in raising cheaper funds for their future capital investment requirement.

A number of revival packages had been brought for improvement in working of power distribution companies. Under UDAY, efforts have been made to provide cheaper power, improve recovery and check transmission and distribution losses,” said Mr Swarup.

Mr Babu Babel, President, IEEMA said, “IEEMA is committed to ensure the success of UDAY in Uttar Pradesh, and all IEEMA members will be available for any assistance, which is needed in terms of technology and solutions to mitigate loses & enhance revenues.

Mr Sanjay Agrawal, Principal Secretary Energy, Government of Uttar Pradesh and Chairman, UPPCL were also present at the event. “Power situation in the country in terms of generation has improved substantially with some work which needs to be done in the transmission sector.

UDAY is more than just another financial restructuring plan aimed at changing the health of discoms.” It is a great initiative, jointly owned by central & state governments which will have far reaching implications in terms of making 24 X 7 Electricity for all at affordable prices, IEEMA added.

April 2016

IEEMA Event

( From L to R) Mr Sunil Misra, Director General, IEEMA, Mr Vishnu Agarwal, Immediate Past President, IEEMA, Mr Anil Swarup, Secretary, Ministry of Coal, Mr Sanjay Agarwal, Principal Secretary, Energy, Uttar Pradesh and Chairman UPPCL, Mr AP Mishra, MD UPPCL, Mr Abhishek Prakash, MD PVVN and Mr Shamim Ahmed, MD MVVN

IEEMA Director General, Mr. Sunil Misra stated, â&#x20AC;&#x153;In the present system, there is a scope for achieving lower loses and higher revenues by doing simple things, eg., appropriate storage, erection and maintenance of distribution transformers. There are solutions available in the existing genre of electronic meter which can do more functions at no extra cost. Today conductors are available to carry more power in a more efficient manner, thus bringing down the technical losses. UDAY Scheme will draw a roadmap for the future such that every discom sees profit and none of them go into the red.

April 2016

PolicyMatters

Customs hh

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Central Customs Clearance Facilitation Committeeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; under the chairmanship of Revenue Secretary has been set up to address the issue relating to Customs Clearance and infrastructure impacting clearance of goods.

Introduction of an electronic messaging system for electronic Delivery Order, instead of a paper based Delivery Order introduced. In order to increase coverage of digitally signed documents and subsequent phasing out of physical /manual submission of documents, Board has enabled that all importers, exporters, shipping lines and air lines shall file customs documents under digital signature with effect from 01.01.2016. Wherever the customs documents are digitally signed, the Customs will not insist on the user to physically sign the said documents. Customs Clearance Facilitation Committee (CCFC) set up at every major Customs seaport and airport. At Central level, a

Single Window Project whereby electronic online message exchange system between customs and FSSAI, Plant and Quarantine, Textile Committee, Drug Controller established- to provide for speedier hassle free clearance.

all other locations where the systems of FSSAI and DPPQ&S are operational. hh

24X 7 customs clearance facilities extended to 19 sea ports and 17 Air Cargo complexes.

Deferred duty payment for select categories of importers and exporters. This provision will enable release of cargo without payment of duty, which shall enable speedier clearance and improved liquidity in hands of the businesses.

Special Valuation Branches: The procedure for handling related party transactions and those involving special relationships completely revamped. Extra Duty Deposits waived and the provisions for renewal of SVB orders have also been dispensed.

This project includes: yy Integrated declaration yy Online clearances hh

yy Integrated risk management The online message exchange extended to imports at 13 Customs stations (Ports/ Aiports/ICDs). Thereafter, it will gradually be extended to

April 2016

PolicyMatters

Warehousing: The system of physical control and locking of public & private warehouses by Customs to be dispensed and replaced with record based controls. The period of warehousing to be extended till de-bonding or consumption of goods in respect of EoUs/ EHTPs/STPIs/Manufacturing Units under Customs Bond, such as ship building yards which shall reduce transaction costs and burden of documentation. Power for extending warehousing periods in respect of other classes of importers to be delegated to Principal Commissioner/ Commissioner. The guidelines relating to valuation of second hand machinery revised. In order to achieve nationwide standardization, formats for certification by chartered engineers (Indian & Overseas) devised. Temporary Imports for exhibitions: Exemption notification issued for enabling temporary importation of goods for display/ exhibition/demonstration. The requirement of ITPO certification dispensed. The revised process is simplified, predictable and reduces transaction costs. Under the India-ASEAN FTA, Rules for initiating investigations by DG, Safeguards issued.

100% disbursal of Drawback electronically. Provisional payment of drawback to exporters pending fixation of brand rate. Full transferability of duty credit scrips to pay dues under all three indirect taxes. Exemption to payment of excise duty in the case of locally procured excisable goods against advance authorization, which shall improve cash flow of exporters. Owing to the difficulties faced by the trade in sealing of bulk cargo for exports under Bond, rules amended to grant

April 2016

Number of returns to be filed by a large manufacturer reduced from 27 to 13. ER-4, ER-5, ER-6 and ER-7 discontinued. One annual return prescribed for large manufacturers besides monthly return which would continue.

Revision of return allowed in Central Excise.

Rules for Removal of Goods at Concessional Rate of Duty for Manufacture of Excisable Goods simplified. The requirement of approval of application by central Excise officer discontinued.

Procedure for fixation of inputoutput ratio for payment of rebate simplified. Now, the ratio can be fixed on the basis of a certificate from Chartered engineer without any need for verification by the Central Excise officer.

Cenvat Credit rules amended to improve credit flows and reduce litigation. Key highlights are-

Central Excise hh

Records can be maintained electronically and digitally signed invoices accepted.

Facility of direct dispatch of goods by registered dealer from seller to customer’s premises provided. Similar facility allowed in respect of job-workers.

More than 50 technical issues on which there was sustained litigation resolved in the Chief Commissioner’s Tariff Conference. For details refer CBEC website [Instructions dated 7th December, 2015 containing Annexure B of the Minutes of Tariff Conference held on 28th and 29th October, 2015].

Export Promotion (Drawback) hh

exemption from self-sealing of bulk cargo for export. Electronic monitoring of export proceeds realization, which shall obviate need for submitting documentary evidence by exporters. As a measure of facilitation verification of export obligation discharge certificates limited to 5% cases. Installation certificates from private chartered engineers allowed.

yy Rule

relating to apportionment of credit between exempted and non-exempted goods and services simplified.

yy Input

services credit flow from Input Services distributor to outsourced manufacturer allowed.

Time limit for taking CENVAT Credit of duty/tax paid on inputs and input services increased from six months to one year.

yy Maintenance

E-payment of refunds and rebates through RTEGS/NEFT introduced.

yy Small capital goods below a

The provision restricting CENVAT credit to 85% under proviso to Rule 3(i)(vii) of Cenvat Credit Rule, 2004 deleted. Consequently ship breaking units entitled to avail 100% credit of the CVD paid with effect from 01.03.2015 subject to provisions of Cenvat Credit Rule, 2004. Registration for factories operating through multiple premises falling within a range allowed. Requirement of self attestation of the transporter’s copy by a manufacturer using digitally signed invoice discontinued

of common warehouse for distribution of inputs and credit allowed. minimum value to be treated as inputs.

yy Credit of inputs such as

tools, capital goods such as water pumping station, wagons allowed.

Interest rate on late payment of duty reduced to 15% from the present rate of 18% per annum.

Service Tax hh

100 % e-payment of duty, permission to maintain electronic records, and acceptance of digital signatures.

Online registration of new service tax assessee in 2 days.

PolicyMatters

Granting provisional payment of 80% of the refund amount with 5 days in respect of service exporters, subject to fulfilment of certain conditions Interest applicable on outstanding taxes has been reduced to 15%. Only in cases where service tax has been collected by the assesse and not deposited shall interest, at a higher rate of 24%, be applicable.

the right choice! ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF W.E.F. 1ST APRIL 2014 Publication Date 1st working day of the month of the issue

Other Major changes hh

Measures taken to further incentivize domestic MRO sector, simplify procedure for them and reduce compliance cost for the Civil Aviation and Shipping sector.

Dispute Resolution hh

Penalty provisions in Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax rationalised to encourage compliance and early dispute resolution. Instructions issued to withdraw all cases in High Court and CESTAT where there is precedent Supreme Court decision, against which no review is contemplated. Pre show cause notice consultation mandatory at the level of Principal Commissioner / Commissioner in all the cases where duty involved is above Rs 50 lakhs. The requirement of mandatory audit of units with prescribed periodicity based on duty payment done away with. Now the selection of units done based on scientific risk parameters which also takes into account past track record of the unit. Further, concept of integrated audit implemented in all the three taxes- as against three separate audits being conducted Instructions issued specifying the threshold for filing of Appeals by the department as Rs. 25 lacs, Rs. 15 lacs and Rs. 10 lacs before Supreme Court, High Court and CESTAT respectively. This is expected to reduce appeals and help in de-clogging of indirect tax matters in courts and CESTAT.

Proceedings against the co-noticees to close where the proceedings against the main noticee has been closed.

Prosecution proceedings in cases older than fifteen years involving duty of less than Rs 5 lacs to be withdrawn.

For early settlement of disputes pending in appeal before the Commissioner (Appeals) as on 1st March, 2016, payment of tax dues along with interest and 25% of the penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority has been prescribed subject to certain conditions. â&#x2013;

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April 2016

Interview

IEEMA International Division Chairman,

Mr Anil Saboo

speaks to IEEMA Journal on IEEMA’s participation in international events and the ways ahead for IEEMA international Business Division

How has been your tenure as the chairman of IEEMA International Business division so far? What is the way ahead for the division? Ieema International Business Division has aggressively taken up promotion of Indian products in line with our Prime Minister of “Make in India”. The Division conducted RBSM at Elecrama-2016 where participants from 52 countries from across the Globe attended RBSM and more than 600 buyers from Africa, Asia, CIS & SAARC, etc participated. The opportunity was availed by large nos. of our MSME units and for them the world market opened up as clients could see the quality Indian products during the same. Business of USD 400 Million was generated during the show.

Please share with us the objective of participating in AUW 2016 There is huge international market for T&D equipments and Renewable energy products across the world and India can enhance their global share upto 5% from today’s around 1% of world trade. We shall be participating in atleast 8 exhibitions during current year under “Ieema” brand by collectively participation of our Ieema members alongwith 4 delegations across the globe to achieve the target in next five years. The Africa continent is most promising and prominent for Generation, Transmission & Distribution of Power in next 10 years. We feel the initiatives driven by the North American and European governments are providing progressive steps towards connecting Africa to the ‘global grid’. One initiative that stands out for IEEMA is the African Energy Leaders’ Group, launched in 2015 at the World Economic Forum, which has the capacity to “push forward energy sector reforms, promote renewable energy, support technological innovation, resulting in huge economic gains for Africa and lighting up the continent”. We are participating in the Africa Utility Week-16 which is a conference cum exhibition, where we have opportunity to meet key people in Power from 52 countries and

April 2016

to know their specific requirements as well as explore business with these countries.

How do you see IEEMA members participation in Hannover Messe? What are the takeaways from the exhibition.

For enhancing export we also need to upgrade our products as per world standard and these can be achieved by participation and visit to Hannover Messe Fair. Last year India was partner country in Hannover Messe and many of our members participated got benefit pf getting upgraded technology from German companies. Moreover even companies across the world are ready to join hand with Indian companies to manufacture products in India being cost effective in labour and skill. A large number of Ieema members shall be participating in it as well Ieema shall put stall to showcase product profile of various members

Chinese imports is still a concern for the Industry. How do you see this issue? The electrical equipment manufacturing in China is becoming costlier year after year due to high wages and Salary. Ieema is still talking with Government to safeguard our Industry on case to case basis wherever it is very well seen that Indian companies are losing on Account of particular item being dumped by China below the cost i.e. Insulators. World over nowadays the people are preferring the Indian products and also wants to partner with Indian companies for manufacturing in electrical products due to availability of cost effective skilled and English speaking workers.

Which are the important nations for India to deal with from a business point of view? The African continent as a whole is most promising for business related to infrastructure including Power. This is the right time for Indian manufacturers to partner with various African countries where the growth will be highest in next 10 years. Brazil, Iran, CIS and SAARC countries also have good demand for Indian electrical products.

Interview

Customer awareness in the Selection and Application of Surge Arresters will stimulate growth:

Mr Padmakumar Swaminathan IEEMA Surge Arrestors Division Chairman Mr Padmakumar Swaminathan Speaks to IEEMA Journal on the Indian Surge Arrester Industry which has proved its capability to supply High Quality products meeting international standards

Can you comment on the journey of Surge arrestors industry over the last five years? How do you foresee the next five years?

What are the three top most challenges faced by Indian surge arrestors industry and your suggestions to combat them?

India is targeting a growth of 8% to 9% (GDP) in the coming years. To achieve this generation capacity addition target of 88.5 GW is expected in the 12th plan (2012-2017) and 93 GW in the 13th plan (2017-2022). We are presently placed at a junction of globalization and a liberalized economy which provides a great opportunity to explore its potential and lead to sustained growth with robust achievements in 400kV & 765kV transmission & Substation segments besides commissioning of HVDC Transmission projects. With the requirement of constant changes in the power industry, sustainable and reliable assets have become a necessity to ensure optimum usage of Medium, High, Extra & Ultra High Voltage (UHV) devices. The Surge Arrester plays a major role in preventing catastrophic failure of electrical devices due to Lightning, Transient and Surges caused by other phenomena.

Today markets are very competitive and are facing challenges from organized and unorganized sectors. Moreover slackening demand and continuous rise in import of varistors (metal oxide blocks) from China, South Korea, Taiwan etc. and absence of level playing field is a major concern. Major Transmission & Generation Utilities like M/s PGCIL & M/s NTPC have stringent specification being adopted and implemented to ensure product performance and reliability. State Utilities will have to be encouraged to adopt these procedures to resolve this issue to a large extent.

In the last five years, the Indian Surge Arrester Industry has been continuously keeping pace with technological advancements that are occurring globally. The development of Surge Arrester indigenously for the UHV National Test Station (1200kV) of M/s PGCIL at Bina (M.P) which was dedicated to the Nation in December 2012 was a landmark achievement. With this, the Indian Surge Arrester Industry has proved its capability to supply High Quality products meeting international standards. In the coming years, the market growth is expected to be robust; but there are certain systematic issues like sluggish pace of execution of projects, liquidity, which may affect the growth in the short term. But long term trends remain upbeat. The acceptability and demand of Polymer housed Surge Arresters over the conventional Porcelain Housed Surge Arresters is also on the rise and this should improve not only the domestic market, but also exports with a host of benefits, like better energy handling capability, long term reliability, ease of handling etc. Transmission line arresters for 132kV and above has been developed and installed successfully and the prospects look good in the coming days .Growth of renewable energy is creating a boom in the surge arrester market

Up gradation of testing facilities to meet International Product specifications is another challenge being faced. Testing of Surge Arresters at Accredited Test Labs aboard is not only very expensive, it is also very time consuming. This has been largely addressed with the major test laboratory in the country â&#x20AC;&#x201C; M/s CPRI, drawing out ambitious plans to gear up to meet this challenge in the coming years.

What do you feel the industry should be doing to help increase the demand and help the customer? Customer awareness in the Selection & Application of Surge Arresters will go a long way to stimulate growth of the organized sector. Initiatives to bring about a comprehensive â&#x20AC;&#x153;Application Guideâ&#x20AC;?- a hand book which will be beneficial to customers is underway.

What were the achievements and challenges as chairman of IEEMA Surge Arrestors division? Earnest support of all Division members and the IEEMA secretariat, trust me, it was a smooth sailing so far. Upgradation of Testing facilities, Uniform technocommercial terms and identifying new business opportunities to boost sales will be our main focus in the coming days. We have an important event-- SURGE PROTECH 2016, with participation from Utilities,Testing Engineers and eminent speakers from all over the world in New Delhi this month.

April 2016

Techspaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

o ensure healthiness of lightning arresters and avoid premature failures, it is necessary to monitor health of lightning arresters at regular intervals. Healthiness of the lightning arresters can be verified by offline or online measurements. Many techniques are available to ensure the healthiness of lightning arresters, such as watt loss measurement, leakage current measurement, measurement of 3rd harmonics of resistive leakage current etc. Measurement of 3rd harmonic resistive leakage current (THRC) is the most popular method as it is an online measurement. This paper presents results of the different case study at different locations for online condition monitoring of 3rd harmonics resistive current measured for 220 kV lightning arresters. Based on 10 years data, its trend for different atmospheric condition and seasonal variation are given.

Introduction Lightning arrester play a very significant role in improving power system reliability by diverting surges to earth. This improves protection of the system from surge voltages and protects costly switchyard equipment. Insulation co-ordination with accurate selection of lighting arrester rating is required for enhancing system reliability. Since lightning arresters protect other equipment, monitoring the health of lightning arresters is essential. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) surge arrester have excellent VT characteristics. They constitute the major population of surge arresters throughout transmission & distribution systems in almost all utilities. In earlier days Silicon Carbide (SiC) arresters with series gaps were in use, but due to better inherent characteristics of ZnO type arresters, all utilities now install these types of arresters. However, ZnO type arresters also tend to gradually deteriorate due to lightning, switching surges, temporary and power

frequency over voltages and also due to normal ageing at system voltage. If the lightning arrester degrades, the insulation characteristics are lowered leading to more leakage current at normal operating voltage. This results in more heat generation inside arrester housing which reduces the life of the lightning arrester.

Requirement of Health Monitoring The leakage current is known to increase with time & hence the rate of increase dictates the life i.e. ageing. Increase of leakage current leads to increase of ZnO element temperature. The increase of element temperature leads to an increase of leakage current due to the property of ZnO. Repetition of the above, results in thermal runway. Thermal runway is essentially a current creep, which leads to the failure of the lightning arrester causing shutdown in the operation and huge monetary loss. Also this may cause damage of the nearby equipments.

Health Monitoring Techniques Measurement of leakage current was carried out as per IEC: 60099-5Surge Arrester -Part 5 : Selection and application recommendation. The measurement setup is shown in Figure -1. Total current and third harmonic resistive component of leakage current was measured. Two substations were selected for the study. One was located near the sea coast and the other was located in a non-coastal area. For each location two transmission lines and two transformers were selected for the study. Measurements were carried out once in a year for 10 years for the non-coastal area and 6 years for coastal area. Additionally measurements were carried out for seasonal variation for 5 years. The Measurement was carried out every year and trend of the 3rd harmonic resistive leakage current was monitored. Details of the

April 2016

Techspace

measurements carried out are given below:

Table – 3 : 220 kV GT-1

(a) On 220 kV lightning arrester located at coastal area (b) On 220 kV lightning arrester located at Non-coastal area (c) On 220 kV at lightning arrester but during different weather conditions i.e. in peak summer, after monsoon and peak winter.

Table -4 : 220 kV GT-2

Figure -1: Testing arrangement for online condition monitoring of lightning arrester

Based on the various case studies[4,5] the maximum allowable limit for THRC of 220 kV system lightning arrester is fixed 500 µAp.

THRC for 220 kV Surge Arrester (In Coastal Area) Table - 5 : 220 kV Line-1

Measurement of THRC Measurement of 220 kV Lightning Arrester (In Non-Coastal Area) Table – 1 : 220 kV Line-1

Table -6 :220 kV Line-2 Table – 2 : 220 kV Line-2

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Table – 7 : 220 kV TR-1

(b) It can be seen from the Table No.1 to Table No. 4 that the THRC increased by approximately two times for non-costal area within the span of 6 years. (c) It can be seen from the Table No.5 to Table No. 8 that the THRC increased by 5.5 times to 7.5 times for costal area within the span of 6 years. (d) The maximum seasonal variation is higher for THRC from summer to monsoon season as compared to monsoon to winter season. (e) It can also be seen from the Table No.10 that the THRC increased by maximum 17% for seasonal variation between summer to monsoon season.

Table - 8 : 220 kV TR-2

(f) It can also be seen from the Table No.10 that the THRC increased by maximum 3% for seasonal variation between monsoon to winter season. (g) It was recommended to replace the Line-2 ( B-Phase) lightning arrester in non coastal area as THRC value was more than 500 µAp after 10 years. Based on recommendation lightning arrester was replaced. (h) It was recommended to replace the Line-2(Y-Phase) lightning arrester in coastal area as THRC value was more than 500 µAp after 6 years. Based on recommendation lightning arrester was replaced.

Conclusion hh

Measurement of 3rd harmonic of resistive leakage current is an important tool for the condition monitoring of lightning arresters. Trend analysis shows that higher rate rise of THRC in coastal area compare to non- coastal areas.

The frequency of measurement of THRC can be increased in coastal areas.

Regular cleaning of external surface of lightning arresters helps to reduce the total leakage current flowing through lightning arresters.

Similar analysis for 400 kV and 765 kV rating lightning arresters can be done

Table-9 : Comparison for THRC measurement at different region:

REFERENCE

Table -10 : THRC Measurement at different Weather condition:

[1] J.Lundquist, L. Stenstrom, A. Schei, B. Hansen, “ New Method for Measurement of the Resistive Leakage Currents of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters in Service” IEEE, May 1989. [2] A.Schei, B. Hansen, K.Karijord, “ Resistive Leakage Current Measurement on Metal Oxide Surge Arresters in Service”, Symposium Berlin 1993. [3] S. Shirakawa, F. Endo, K. Goto, M. Sakai, “ Maintenance of Surge Arrester by Portable Arrester Leakage Current Detector”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, July, 1988. [4] S.K. Mishra : Consultancy Wing NTPS “ Condition Assessment of Surge Arrester” [5] Nasim Uddin , Chief Electrical Locomotive Engineer North Central Railway, Allahabad, “ A Report on condition monitoring of Lightning Arrester” ■

Tirtha S Vishwakarma, Nitin Chitte, Anil S Khopkar

Trend Analysis (a) The rate of rise of THRC is higher for coastal areas in caparison with non-coastal areas.

High Voltage Laboratory, Power Equipment Testing & Evaluation, Electrical Research and Development Association, ERDA Road, GIDC Makrpura , Vadodara, India

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Protection

To protect electrical power system equipment from lightning and switching over voltages, surge arresters are used as a tool for insulation coordination.

Over voltages in electric power system compared to the insulation level of equipment

Red line - voltages without arrester. Blue line equipment withstand voltage.

Green line - voltage limited by arrester.

The purpose of using a surge arrester is to always limit the voltage across the terminals of the equipment to be protected below its insulation withstand voltage.

This is achieved by connecting the surge arresters in parallel to the terminals of the equipment to ground.

Upto approximately 132kV, the system insulation has to be designed to withstand primarily lightning surges. Above 132kV both lightning and switching surges have to be considered. For EHV and UHV systems switching over voltages in combination with insulator contamination becomes the predominating factor in the insulation design. With the increasing system voltage, switching over voltage becomes more and more dimensioning factor for high voltage equipment. The lightning and switching impulse withstand voltage of the equipment to be protected and the lightning and switching protective levels of the arrester to be taken into account and safety margin is to be coordinated.

Surge Arrester Requirements Performance of a Zinc Oxide Surge Arrester is defined by a) Protective levels b) Its temporary over voltage withstand capabilities c) Impulse Energy Qrs and thermal energy Wth withstand capabilities d) Long term stability of the Zinc Oxide blocks. The developments in the polymer Arresters having taken place for the past 20 years alternative designs of polymeric station class arresters have evolved and globally adopted in three broad categories 1. Wrap design for medium voltages and below 2. Cage design for HV application (66kV to 245kV) 3. Tube design for EHV and UHV (400kV to 800kV) systems.

Insulation Coordination

The change in International specification of edition 3 (60099-4 of 2014) also envisages improvement in testing and classification. The arresters are classified

April 2016

IEEMAActivities

Interface with Government and Agencies

IEEMA Activities

On 2nd March 2016, Shri Babu Babel, President; Shri G S Sharma, Former Chairman, Economic & Taxation Committee and Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, IEEMA, attended an interactive session on Union Budget 2016-17 with Shri Arun Jaitley, Hon’ble Finance Minister, Government of India. Shri Jayant Sinha, Hon’ble Minister of State for Finance and Shri Hasmukh Adhia, Revenue Secretary, were also present during the session. On 5th March 2016, Ms. Niharika Jaiswal, Head Accounts and Mr. Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, IEEMA, attended an interactive session on Union Budget 2016-17 with senior officials of Direct and Indirect Taxes in Ministry of Finance, Government of India. On 9th March 2016, Smt. Rachna Pawa, Head Corporate communications, Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director and Smt. Reema Shrivastava, Deputy Director attended a meeting to finalise the event calendar for sectoral campaign of India Brand Equity Foundation (IEBF). The meeting was chaired by Shri Ravi Capoor, CEO, IEBF, who also is a Joint Secretary in Department of Commerce, Government of India.

On 11th March 2016, Shri Mukul Khanna, Vice President, Special Cables Pvt. Limited; Shri Ashok Sahijwani, Member, IEEMA Economic & Taxation Committee and Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, IEEMA, attended a meeting on ‘Ease of Doing Business’ at Ministry of Finance, Government of India, to brief the industries on the initiatives taken by Central Board of Excise & Customs (CBEC) towards this objective of the Government of India. The meeting was chaired by Shri Najib Shah, Chairman, CBEC, in presence of other CBEC officials. IEEMA disseminated information on the same to its members and also sought comments from them. On 17th March 2016, Shri Adarsh Jain and Shri Anand Thakur, Economic & Taxation Committee Members, along with Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, IEEMA, attended a meeting on tax incidence on various industries. The meeting was chaired by Shri B N Sharma, Additional Secretary (Revenue), Ministry of Finance, Government of India. The Ministry of Finance is having a study on the likely impact of Goods & Services Tax on various industry sectors, in comparison to the present tax system. The Ministry sought inputs from the industry sectors on their tax incidences during FY 2014-15, in the form of a questionnaire. IEEMA has circulated this questionnaire among its membership and sought inputs from members.

4th IEEMA Executive Council Meeting The fourth Meeting of Executive Council 2015-16 was held on 17th February 2016 at Bangalore during ELECRAMA-2016 Exhibition. During the meeting, President briefed the Council on his recent visit to Japan and Australia with the Power Minister’s delegation. He mentioned that the visit was an opportunity to showcase the strength of Indian electrical industry besides

SME Division Meeting in Progress

Readers are requested to send their feedback about content of the Journal at editor@ieema.org 76

April 2016

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Protection

To protect electrical power system equipment from lightning and switching over voltages, surge arresters are used as a tool for insulation coordination.

Over voltages in electric power system compared to the insulation level of equipment

Red line - voltages without arrester. Blue line equipment withstand voltage.

Green line - voltage limited by arrester.

The purpose of using a surge arrester is to always limit the voltage across the terminals of the equipment to be protected below its insulation withstand voltage.

This is achieved by connecting the surge arresters in parallel to the terminals of the equipment to ground.

Insulation Coordination

The change in International specification of edition 3 (60099-4 of 2014) also envisages improvement in testing and classification. The arresters are classified

April 2016

Techspace

as repetitive charge transfer rating Qrs and cumulative thermal energy withstand capability in a duration of 3 minutes during duty cycle testing and further divided into SH, SM and SL. Qrs Repetitive charge transfer rating which is a product of current and time defined in coulombs is the impulse current stress to be withstood by the MO varistors.

Qrs Testing: Pend to Pstart – Not more than 1.1 Pmin to Pstart – Not more than 1.3

Illustration Of Power Losses Versus Time During Long Term Stability Test Taking the Qrs and Wth the arresters are classified under high duty, medium duty and Low duty and the classification is as given below. 10 samples to be tested in 10 groups.2 impulses to each sample 50-60 seconds between impulses cool samples to ambient between groups.

ARRESTER CLASS Designation

Claimable Qrs Values From 1.2C to 4.0C in steps of 0.4C From 4.4C to 10.0C in steps of 0.8C From 12C to 20C in steps of 2C From 24C upwards in steps of 4C Wth-Thermal energy rating verified by OD test on 3 samples. Cumulative thermal energy Wth in kJ/kV injected in 3 minutes by one or more long duration impulses without causing thermal run away.

Edition 3.0

From 0.1C to 1.1C in steps of 0.1C

STATION SH

DISTRIBUTION

In-NDC in kA

2.5

Switching surge impulse discharge current in kA

0.5

≥2.4

≥ 1.6

≥ 1.0

≥ 0.4

≥ 0.2

≥0.1

W th( k J / k V ≥ 10 of Ur)

≥7

≥4

≥ 1.1

≥ 0.7

≥ 0.45

Qrs (C)

Qth (C)

Sub-classifications – within each class there are designations relating to the duty that the arrester will experience as noted below. SH= Station High DH=Distribution High SM=Station Medium DM = Distribution Medium SL=Station Low DL = Distribution Low

EDITION 3.0-OPEARTING DUTY TEST –Wth INJECTION CLAIMABLE WTH VALUES 1 to 5 kJ/KV in Steps of 0.5 KJ/KV 5 to 16 kJ/kV in Steps of 1 kJ/KV 16 to 30 kJ/kV

in Steps of 2 kJ/kV

30 and up kJ/kV in steps of 6 kJ/kV

April 2016

The arrester Qrs (charge in coloumbs) and Wth (energy in kJ/kV) should satisfy minimum guaranteed values and can be higher than the minimum prescribed which can be used for quality comparison. First selection is between high, medium and low duties. Second selection can be Qrs (c) and Wth (kJ/KV) above the minimum level . Other tests like heat dissipation behavior of thermally prorated section, test on dielectrically prorated section, accelerated ageing test and insulation withstand tests have been pruned to simulate the present improved quality of surge arresters being claimed across the globe.

Techspaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

First generation varistors were unstable. Their leakage current was increasing with time and caused increase of temperature and decrease of energy absorption capability. Present day varistors leakage current decreases with time and so needs a change in testing procedure.

Paradigm Shift From Porcelain To Polymer Arresters After introduction of Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) and silicone Rubber as insulation material for high voltage equipment, new arrester design concepts using these materials are established as an alternative to the traditional porcelain arresters. The change to polymer Arresters has been carried consistently and finally the surge Arrester designs as per IEC 60099-4 of 2014 Ed.3.0 available are: TUBE design A -polymer Arresters for EHV 400kV and UHV 750kV ratings. CAGE design B polymer Arresters for H.V 66kV to 220kV

High Current Generator, 48.6 kJ Pre conditioning at 100kA before OD Test

WRAP design B polymer Arresters for M.V 30kV and below.

Porcelain Arresters Vs Polymer Arresters If the pressure relief rating of porcelain arrester is exceeded, it may explode violently, expelling porcelain and internal components potentially damaging the equipment and injuring personnel in the substation. When porcelain arrester vents, the housing becomes weak. The claimed pressure relief capability of porcelain housed arrester is only for the first venting. The venting of a shorted arrester results in a circuit breaker operation. Most utilities will automatically reclose at least once into a fault. This could cause the porcelain arresters definitely to explode. The failed polymer housed surge arrester can be reclosed number of times without violent shattering.

Partial discharge test on 168kV Arrester with 300kV Test Transformer

Porcelain surface has hydrophilic properties and the silicon polymer has hydrophobic property. In high pollution condition, polymer Insulation electric strength is greater than in porcelain insulator. For ultra high voltage arresters the tube design is adopted for the mechanical consideration to meet total height of 8 M per arrester column. Primarily the number of units per column of arrester are to be reduced for proper distribution of voltage across units. With the reduction of units per arrester column along with proper design of grading ring which takes into account the overall diameter, height and size of pipes used the near uniform voltage distribution can be achieved. In the tube design the same MO blocks are used as in porcelain housing giving excellent electrical characteristics. In the case of UHV arresters to meet the mechanical consideration silicone composite housing with increased diameter and thickness of the FRP tube is to be coordinated.

L.I.P.L Test at 20kA on 168kV surge Arrester 176kJ, 840kV IMPULSE GENERATOR

Composite tube design: The FRP tube is the structural part in a hollow composite insulator. The tube material consists of Boron free ECR grade fiberglass rowing embedded in epoxy to give good electrical insulation and mechanical properties. The volume fraction of fibre with fibre architecture influences the properties of the FRP

April 2016

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tube. The wall thickness of the FRP tube is based upon axial stress and cantilever strain. The silicone polymer is injection moulded onto the tube in a single shot and the end flanges are fixed with pressure relief device and directional venting system. The tube design gives the best choice to reduce the number of units to 4 for 624kV arresters for 800kV system to minimize the variations in distribution of voltage across units of arrester

Main Features Of Tube Design 1) Safest short circuit performance with no failure and no ejection of internal components. Disadvantage of shattering of porcelain during short circuit is avoided. 2) Available in two units (in series each of 168kV for 336kV rating) for 420kV system and 4 units in series each of 156kV for 624kV for 800kV system and 4 units of each of 212.5kV for 850kV rating and 4 Nos. of 850kV units in parallel for 1200kV system.

Voltage Distribution â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Grading Ring Optimization Or Capacitance Grading The voltage distribution along the block column depends on the capacitance of the Zinc Oxide blocks and the influence of stray capacitances. As the height of Arrester increases the self capacitance of the arrester decreases and the leakage capacitance increases. It has been observed that the self capacitance of Arrester for 800kV being 15pF the stray capacitance is around 110 pF. For taller arresters the influence of stray capacitance makes the voltage distribution less linear. The grading ring is suitably designed to make the voltage distribution near uniform across units of arrester.

Tests Condcuted on Tube Design

3) Longest arresters with highest rated voltage can be made to reduce number of units per column of arrester for uniform distribution of voltage.

Bending Moment Test on 156Kv Tube Arrester Thermo Mechnical

850kV 20kA 55MJ SA For 1200kV SYSTEM

624kV 20kA Cl-5 (Qrs 5.2C) SA FOR 800kV SYSTEM

336kV 20kA cl-4 (Qrs 2.4C) SA FOR 400kV SYSTEM

Short Circuit Test Upto 65Ka

4) Mechanical strength can be improved with increase of wall thickness of composite hollow core insulator used in the tube design. 5) Internal radial discharges to be avoided by increasing gap between disc and tube. 6) Best choice to reduce number of units to 4 for 624kV rating for 800kV system and 2 units for 400kV system to minimize the variations in distribution of voltage across units. 7) Excellent track and erosion resistance with high resistance to Ozone and Corona and insensitive to UV Radiation with self extinguishing flame retardancy.

April 2016

SEISMIC TEST ON 624kV 20kA class-V POLYMER SURGE ARRESTERS

Techspace

Cage Design Construction And Configuration Zinc Oxide blocks of each unit of Arrester with spacers are assembled in a cage of 8 Boron free ECR grade FRP Rods to form open cage design in between end terminals under axial pre compression. The pre compressed unit stack is crimped on the end terminals and on the spacers at high crimping force to hold the cage for a tensile force of 8T (minimum), The cage construction is injection moulded covering all the internal parts including the end terminals in a single shot using HTV silicone rubber of wacker. Thus the module is sealed throughout the length from top terminal to bottom terminal and from outside till the surface of the blocks, making the arrester of fully moulded voidless construction leaving no way for the diffusion of moisture and no condensation on the internal parts in any form that is detrimental to the arrester performance

short circuit failures of violent nature. 2. As it is fully moulded construction without any voids the question of moisture entry does not arise and not possible. 3. Radial discharges due to pollution and tracking of collar of MO resistors and eventual short circuit failure of the arrester totally is avoided. 4. As the silicone rubber is moulded on the MO Resistoirs, heat dissipation is rapid (Due to temporary over voltage and energy discharges due to switching surges).

Wrap Design

In the case of fully moulded cage construction having no voids there is no separate sealing system and no separate pressure release arrangement and no part of the internal components are exposed. In case of an over load or short circuit the arc escapes directly through the silicone polymer housing and so no possibility of any internal parts being ejected and damaging other equipment. The silicone rubber should have high track, erosion and UV radiation resistance guaranteeing long term stability of the housing material.

Main Features of Oblum Cage Design 1 Fully moulded construction of all internal and external components and so no way for moisture ingress. 2 No partial discharges as the construction is voidless. 3 Non-explosive failure mode as silicone rubber provides low pressure escape of the arc during a short circuit. 4 Excellent resistance to ageing under climatic and electrical stress. 5 Excellent track and erosion resistance with high resistance to Ozone and Corona and insensitive to UV Radiation with self extinguishing flame retardancy. 6 Good pollution performance due to hydrophobic nature with excellent dielectric strength.

Stack fully wrapped with rhombic openings

Moulded Arrester

1. Metal Oxide varistor blocks are wrapped helically with boron free ECR grade banding ribbon 2. The crosswise helical winding is such, as to create rhombic “windows” 3. The MOV stack is moulded with silicone polymer to cover total length including the end terminals

7 Exceptional tolerance to seismic disturbance.

Polymer Arrester –Polymer For Outdoor Use

8 Low weight and resistant to transport damages, and careless handling.

Stability under exposure to discharges and arcing, differentiates outdoor insulation from indoor insulation. Corona discharges and dry band arcing occur when the surface of an energized insulator is covered by an electrolytic film, formed by the presence of moisture and contamination. The intense localized energy of the dry band arcs can cause material degradation in the form of tracking and /or erosion. In addition, environmental factors such as ultra violet (UV) from sunlight, moisture,

The Following Are The Significant Advantages 1. Short circuit arc is commuted to outside by burning, cracking and tearing of silicone rubber and so ZERO

April 2016

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temperature etc., can contribute to the degradation of the polymer which could lead to premature failure.

the right choice! ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF W.E.F. 1ST APRIL 2014 Publication Date 1st working day of the month of the issue

Cover Pages 210 gsm Indian Art Paper

Inside Pages 90 gsm Indian Art Paper

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Typical examples of surfaces with HC from 1 to 6 (natural size) Hydrophobicity Of Silicone Rubber

Hydrophobicity of Silicone Polymer Detailed studies have shown that the surface of silicone Polymer is relatively dynamic in comparison to porcelain and glass. Polymer molecules have much greater freedom for rearrangement in the bulk or at the surface. The hydrophobicity or water repellency of the surface of polymers plays an important role in the electrical performance of polymeric Arresters. SERVICE RELIABILITY: silicone polymer of wacker being used in arresters with the addition of fillers in compounding, provide the proper balance of tracking, ageing, hydrophobicity, tear strength, flexibility, UV resistance, bonding characteristics, and other properties to withstand decades of service to meet mechanical, environmental, ageing and electrical withstand levels.

Distruction and Recovery of hydrophobicity Corona discharges and dry band arcing occur when the surface of an energized insulator is covered by an electrolytic film, formed by the presence of moisture and contamination increasing in the leakage current thus increasing the temperature causing reduction in hydrophobicity. The silicone polymer of low molecular weight have the tendency to reach the surface and the hydrophobicity is recovered.

The tests on Silicone Rubber include 1. 4.5kV tracking resistance test. 2. Dry arc resistance test. 3. Volume and surface resistivity test. 4. Flammability test.

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5. UV test by Xenon Arc Lamp.

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housing due to geometry and the dielectric constants of different materials. g. To reduce the effect of radial discharges it is necessary to have sufficiently large gap between MO column to housing. The salt fog tests have shown that a minimum gap of 30mm to 40mm is necessary depending on the rating to effectively avoid any internal partial discharges.

Performance under pollution condictions for tube design Surface Resistivity Test

Tracking resistancetest

Dry arc resistance test

Performance Under Pollution Conditions 1. Problems due to pollution was the reason to change over to Polymer housed Arresters. 2. The hydrophobic surface of Polymeric housing reduces considerably the problem of pollution. 3. The figure illustrates three possible mechanisms which can effect a multi unit MO HV Arrester operating in polluted environment. a. External flash over of the housing if the environmental conditions are too severe. b. The surface current along one unit of high external conductivity commuting to the MO column of next unit heating the MO resistors of this unit. c. The best way to avid partial heating of individual units is to apply single unit Arresters wherever possible or to reduce No. of units per column. d. Internal partial discharges are initiated by radial electric field stress due to different voltage distributions along the internal MO column and the outer surface of the housing. e. The external distribution shows statistical behavior in case of surface conductivity due to pollution. f. In Type A design the radial voltage stress appears across the gap between MO resistors and the

TUBE Design A: Radial partial discharges can be avoided by increasing the gap between MO column to housing. Gap of 30mm to 40mm or more is required depending on the rating of Arrester. CAGE design B: Being fully moulded construction no gap or void and so no radial partial discharges.

Conclusion As long as proper selection of voltage rating, charge transfer rating and thermal energy withstand capabilities are considered along with the earthing practice the failure of Arresters does not arise and the application engineer has free hand in selection of the duty of the Arresters. O Balagangadhar

Managing Director, M/S. Oblum Electrical Industries Private Limited, A-16& 17, Apie, Balanagar, Hyderabad,Telangana-500037

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raveling Wave Fault Location in Protective Relays: Design, Testing, and Results Stephen Marx, Bonneville Power Administration Brian K. Johnson, University of Idaho Armando GuzmĂĄn, Veselin Skendzic, and Mangapathirao V. Mynam, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

Abstractâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Faults in power transmission lines cause transients that travel at a speed close to the speed of light and propagate along the line as traveling waves (TWs). This paper shows how these transients can be measured in a protective relay and used to enhance its fault locating function. The TW-based fault locating function in a protective relay takes advantage of the internal protection elements, the communications channel to the remote terminal, and Global Positioning Systembased time synchronization. This approach provides accurate fault location estimation for transmission lines automatically within a couple of seconds after the fault. The TW fault locator within the relay uses conventional current transformer measurements and does not require any additional wiring or special installation considerations. These relays detect internal line faults and use TW- and impedance-based algorithms to optimize the estimation and reporting of the fault location. The TW- and impedancebased algorithms complement each other to provide accurate fault location estimation for all internal faults, independent of the fault incidence angle. This paper provides a tutorial on TW fault location and describes a TW fault locating algorithm that uses time-synchronized measurements of the TW currents at the line terminals to determine the fault location. The proposed implementation is suitable for line terminals

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with one or two breakers. The paper also discusses methods for testing the TW fault locating algorithm using a playback system and a hardware model that mimics a transmission line. The paper presents the details and experiences of a field application of these relays on a high-voltage transmission line.

Introduction The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has been using traveling wave (TW) technology to locate faults in their extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission networks since the 1950s [1]. In the 1960s and 1970s, BPA installed an automated fault locating system that used microwave communications to send the TW arrival information to the remote terminal for fault location estimation[2]. References[3] and [4] describe the development and field evaluation of the performance of a digital fault locator for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines that uses voltage and current measurements from one line terminal to estimate the fault location. Using voltage and current measurements, we can calculate incident and reflected waves. Applications based on incident waves are immune to the effects caused by termination impedances. In 1987, BPA started to use Global Positioning System (GPS) time information to measure the arrival of the TWs [5]. Later on, utilities like BPA used dedicated TW-based fault locating devices that sample the currents or voltages at sampling rates greater than 1 MHz[6]. Some of these devices also include fault disturbance recording and are capable of reporting accurate fault location results[7].

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Numerical protective relays include fault location estimation algorithms based on the line impedance and voltage and current measurements. In most applications, these relays only use measurements from the local terminal. Some relays also use information from the remote terminal to estimate the fault location. Using information from the local and remote terminals minimizes errors due to mutual coupling with adjacent lines, system nonhomogeneity, and fault resistance[8-9]. In some applications, such as series-compensated lines, the impedance-based fault locating methods are challenged and utilities require more accurate estimation than traditional relays provide. This paper discusses the basic principles of TWs, a protective relay that estimates fault location using TW information, and the benefits of having TW fault location estimation within a protective relay. The paper also describes how to test the TW fault locating system using low-energy analog signals and an analog transmission line model. We also share the field experiences from an installation on a BPA 161 kV transmission line.

transmission line in the time domain as the length of the segment Δx approaches zero.

We differentiate (3) with respect to x and (4) with respect to t to obtain (5) and (6), respectively.

into (5) to obtain the voltage wave equation shown in (7).

Overview of Traveling Waves in Transmission Lines A fault on a transmission line generates TWs that propagate from the fault location to the line terminals with a propagation velocity that depends on the inductance and capacitance of the line. Fig. 1 shows the equivalent circuit of a segment with length Δx of a two-conductor transmission line.

Similarly, we differentiate (3) with respect to t and (4) with respect to x to obtain (8) and (9), respectively.

The circuit includes the resistance R, inductance L, conductance G, and capacitance C of the line in per unit of the total line length[10]. i(x,t)

R•

L•

i(x + x,t)

G•

v(x,t)

C•

v(x + x,t)

into (9) to obtain the current wave equation shown in (10).

x Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of a segment of a two-conductor transmission line.

We use Kirchhoff’s voltage law, shown in (1), and Kirchhoff’s current law, shown in (2), to relate the voltagesand currents at locations x and x+Δx.

Equations (3) and (4) determine the voltage and current as a function of x and time for the two-conductor

Equations (7) and (10) determine how the voltage and current waves propagate along a two-conductor transmission line. To analyze the voltage and current TWs in multiphase transmission lines, we used an Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) that models transmission lines considering the changes in the conductor resistance and inductance due to skin effect [11] [12] [13]. Fig. 2 shows how the current waves propagate across a 400 kV line in response to a nominal voltage step change on A-phase and B-phase at the sending end (the step change occurs at t = 0).

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50 km

1,000 0 –1,000

0.2 0.2

0.4 0.4

0.6 0.6

0.8 0.8

1.21.2

1.41.4

1.61.6

1.21.2

1.41.4

1.61.6

150 km 150 km

1,000

Measurement devices at the line terminals detect the TWs and accurately time-stamp the arrival of the wave using a common time reference (e.g., IRIG-B or IEEE 1588). The typical time-stamping accuracy is better than 1 microsecond. The TW-based fault location is computed using (11).

0 –1,000

0.2 0.2

0.4 0.4

0.6 0.6

0.8 0.8

TWFL is the TW-based fault location.

300 km 300 km

1,000

LL is the line length.

0 –1,000

TwaveA is the TW arrival time recorded at Terminal A. 0.2 0.2

0.4 0.4

0.6 0.6

0.8 0.8

1.21.2

1.41.4

1.61.6

450 km 450 km

1,000

TwaveB is the TW arrival time recorded at Terminal B. c is the speed of light. LPVEL is the propagation velocity of the TW in per unit of the speed of light.

0 –1,000

where:

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

Time (milliseconds)

Fig. 2. Current waves at 50, 150, 300, and 450 kilometers traveling on a 400 kV line for a nominal voltage step change at the sending end, where A-phase is green, B-phase is blue, and C-phase is red.

Traveling Wave Fault Location For Two-Terminal Lines TW-based fault location provides better accuracy relative to impedance-based fault locating methods. Single end (Type A) and double end (Type D) are the two most common methods for computing fault location using TWs[1]. Type A uses the time difference between the first arrived wave and the successive reflections from the fault location to compute the fault location. This method is appealing because it only depends on local information; therefore, it does not require a communications channel. However, identifying the reflections is a major challenge. The reflections can arrive from the fault location, from the remote terminal, or from behind the local terminal. Accurately identifying the reflection from the fault location poses a challenge for single-end TW-based fault location, especially on ac transmission lines. The doubleend method overcomes the challenge of identifying the reflections from the fault but requires the TW information from the remote terminal. This Type D method uses the time difference between the first arrived TWs captured at both terminals along with the line length and the wave propagation velocity to compute the fault location. Fig. 3 shows the waves propagating to Terminals A and B following a fault condition on a transmission line.

Fig. 3. TWs propagating to Terminals A and B.

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The TW propagation velocity is a key parameter in the fault location calculation and is typically obtained from line parameter estimation programs. We can also estimate propagation velocity using TW measurements with the following: hh

Local TW information recorded during line or reactor energization tests.

Local and remote TW information recorded during external faults.

Voltage and/or current measurements capture the TWs. The adequate frequency bandwidth of current transformers (CTs) makes current TWs better suited for this application than voltage TWs measured at the secondary terminals of the stepdown transformer of the capacitance coupled voltage transformer (CCVT)[14]. Typical installations have communications between the substation and the control center, where computer-based analysis tools retrieve the TW information captured at the line terminals and compute the fault location. In this paper, we discuss installations where protective relays exchange TW information obtained from the phase currents and automatically calculate the fault location at the line terminals within a couple of seconds after the fault.

Tw Fault Location In Protective Relays A. Benefits of TW Fault Location in a Protective Relay Numerical protective relays have included fault location estimation based on voltage and current measurements and line impedance since 1982[15,16]. These relays use voltage and current measurements acquired at the local terminal and report the fault location estimation results at the substation and the control center through automessaging right after the occurrence of a fault. While this approach provides estimations within 2 percent of the line length, there are cases where mutual coupling, fault resistance, and system nonhomogeneity can cause

Techspaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

large errors. In these cases, the impedance-based fault locating methods in protective relays can be improved using local and remote (double-end) measurements[8] [9] [17]. Impedance-based fault location estimation requires the presence of the fault for a couple of cycles to provide accurate results. While this requirement is not an issue in subtransmission network applications, it can be an issue in EHV and ultra-high voltage (UHV) applications where faults are sometimes cleared in less than two cycles. Furthermore, these impedance-based estimation methods might not be applicable to lines with series compensation or lines close to series compensation due to subsynchronous oscillations, voltage inversion, and so on. Because of the importance of locating faults to avoid fault reoccurrences and the high cost associated with finding line faults, utilities require accurate fault locating devices for all applications. For this reason, some utilities have installed dedicated devices that detect the time of arrival of TWs at the line terminals and estimate the fault location using this information[6][18]. While these devices provide more accurate fault location estimation than relays that use impedance-based methods to estimate the fault location, there are cases where they cannot estimate the fault location when faults occur at the voltage zero crossing. Protective relays that include both impedance-based and TW-based fault location have the advantage of providing fault location even in cases where the TW amplitude is too low for reliable detection (e.g., faults that occur at voltage zero). In these cases, the relays estimate the fault location using line impedance and local and remote voltage and current measurements. If the remote measurements are not available, the relay estimates the fault location using local measurements only, thus providing robust response with the best possible accuracy under all fault conditions.

C. Traveling Wave Measurements High-frequency transients created by power system faults propagate at speeds that are close to the speed of light. However, high-voltage transmission lines are optimized to operate at nominal power system frequency with standard values of 50 or 60 Hz, and some of them are dc lines. Significant engineering effort is made in reducing the transmission line losses at these frequencies, with no attempt to consider their behavior at the high frequencies (0.1 to 1 MHz) that are used by TWs. Fortunately, the physics associated with the construction of efficient highvoltage transmission lines aid with the TW propagation. For various economic, operational, and environmental reasons, high-voltage transmission lines are built as regular structures, with uniform distances among phase conductors, uniform dielectric (air), constant conductor cross section, and regular transmission tower support, as illustrated in Fig. 5. Because of all of these factors, transmission lines can transport signals well into the megahertz range. This fact has been used for a very long time and is best exemplified by the power line carrierbased communications that operate in the 100 to 600 kHz range. In addition to transmission lines with well-defined losses, TWbased fault location is further aided by the fact that power system faults generate significant amounts of energy in the frequency range of interest. This energy provides sufficient signal levels at the transmission line ends to indicate the presence of a fault on the line.

B. Relay-to-Relay Communications The relay discussed in this paper uses a 64 kbps channel that exchanges currents for differential protection purposes. The relay takes advantage of this bandwidth and includes TW information within the data packet without affecting the performance of the differential element. The relays exchange the times of arrival of the TWs (see Fig. 4) and use this information to estimate the fault location, make the results available at the relay location, and send the results to the control center within a couple of seconds after the occurrence of the fault.

Fig. 5. Typical high-voltage transmission tower.

Fig. 4. Relays exchange the time of arrival of the TW to estimate the fault location in real time.

Arrival of the TWs at the substations with sufficient energy is only the initial prerequisite for successful TWbased fault location. Once the waves arrive, they must be measured (extracted from the current and/or voltage measurements) and delivered to the fault location

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estimation algorithm. Currents and voltages on the ansmission line are measured using standard CTs and voltage transformers (VTs). The responses of the CTs and VTs have been optimized for nominal frequency operation. TW signals can be measured using specialized high-frequency transducers similar to those used in highvoltage laboratories, but the high cost and custom nature of these devices make this approach impractical for widescale utility applications. From the perspective of utilities, it would be ideal if the TW-based fault locating device could be installed in the substation control house using conventional wiring practices. It is also highly desirable that the new device be deployed without requiring new communications or timesynchronization infrastructure. While studying this problem, the authors decided to start by investigating the frequency response of conventional instrument transformers. We classified measurement transformers in the following subcategories. Current transformers include: hh

Conventional iron-core CTs

Nonconventional low-energy CTs

Fig. 6 illustrates the results obtained by using an IEC 61000-4-5-compliant test generator to inject a 2 kA (8 by 20 microseconds) pulse into the primary of the tested CT. The test setup included 70 meters of #10 (5.26 mm2) wire that connects the protective relay to the secondary of the CT. The results shown in Fig. 6 demonstrate that equipment that was originally built to operate at 60 Hz works very well at frequencies well beyond the original design range. The output current observed at the CT secondary terminals (the middle trace) matches the primary current measured using a high- frequency shunt (the top trace).

yy Optical CTs yy Low-power CTs yy Rogowski coils

Voltage transformers include: hh

Fig. 6. A 600:5 CT response measured using a 2 kA transient with 8 by 20 microsecond lightning surge waveform and 70 meters (230 feet) of secondary cabling.

Conventional VTs yy CCVTs yy Inductive VTs yy Open magnetic core-based VTs

Nonconventional low-energy VTs yy High-voltage

capacitive, compensated dividers

resistive,

and

yy Transformer bushing tap-based VTs (capacitive

dividers)

yy Optical VTs

Comparison of the available technologies shows that the two most popular choices used for current and voltage measurements on high-voltage (greater than 69 kV) transmission lines are conventional CTs (freestanding or bushing design) and CCVTs. Conventional CT construction is very simple (a toroidal core with at least one secondary winding). Conventional CTs have good high-frequency response[19]. The CT bandwidth measurement results reported in literature vary, but the common consensus is that the usable pass band (â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3 dB point) easily reaches 100 kHz[19] and may often be closer to the 200 kHz[20] or 500 kHz level[21]. Measurements performed by the authors confirm these results (300 kHz, in our case), with the additional finding that the measurement bandwidth is inversely proportional to the CT ratio. Low-ratio CTs have fewer turns and lower interwinding capacitance, thus providing a larger bandwidth. This effect is especially pronounced in input CTs, which are typically used to measure currents inside the protective relay.

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The bottom trace shows the signal recorded at the secondary of the input CT (inside the relay). The recorded waveform is a reasonably faithful representation of the primary signal. Data obtained from this and other tests were used to design an input circuit optimized for TW applications, with the frequency response shown in Fig. 7. The response is flat up to 1 MHz with controlled high-frequency attenuation extending well into the radio frequency range. The current measured by the relay (see Fig. 6) has additional ripple. Further simulations confirmed that this ripple was contributed by the secondary cable and that this cable does not behave as a properly terminated transmission line. At one end, the cable is connected to the CT (a current source with an impedance approaching the impedance of an infinite source), and it is terminated into a short circuit at the relay end. This configuration creates multiple reflections resulting in multiple resonances, as described in[22]. The observed ripple frequency was consistent with the length of the secondary cable. Fig. 8 shows the results of an LTspice simulation that demonstrates the secondary cable ringing effects, while Fig. 9 shows the frequency response peaks caused by the same effect. Ringing effects are present in real life, as demonstrated by the TW transient waveform shown in Fig. 10. This waveform was recorded in the field during an actual power system fault.

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Fig. 7.

Frequency response of the relay analog circuitry (excluding anti-aliasing filter).

The TW spectral content is inherently limited by the highfrequency attenuation provided by the power system transmission line. However, as the TW transient reaches the substation (the relay location), it is capable of exciting a large number of local high-frequency resonances, which have no value for fault location estimation. Therefore, sampling frequencies found on most TW systems are normally somewhere in the 0.5 to 5 MHz range. The TW voltage transients are also suitable for fault location estimation. Unfortunately, the quality of the measurements provided by conventional VTs is significantly inferior to that of their CT counterparts. CCVTs normally used at transmission levels are tuned to the nominal power system frequency. Although the high-frequency capacitor stacks used in these transformers are often usable up to 1 MHz, the tuning reactor eliminates the high-frequency signals, leaving

only the unintended transients caused by parasitic capacitance, which tends to be different for every CCVT design[23]. Because the voltage measurements captured at the secondary terminals of the CCVT step-down transformer do not properly measure TW transients, some systems use additional high-frequency transducers mounted in series with the CCVT stack or nonconventional resistive-capacitive dividers to capture the voltage TWs. The TW-based fault locator described in this paper does not require additional CTs or CT wiring because the relay is able to use the same current measurements for line protection and fault location estimation. The TW-based fault locating subsystem is implemented in parallel with the conventional data acquisition chain, ensuring no interference with the mission-critical protection functions. The TW-based fault locating subsystem uses high-speed analog-to-digital (A/D) converters that sample the phase currents at 1.56 MHz and creates dedicated COMTRADE event reports that contain TW information.

Fig. 8. LTspice simulation showing ringing of the current signal at the relay end caused by the secondary wiring of the CT.

Fig. 9. LTspice simulation showing the peaks in the frequency response caused by the secondary wiring of the CT.

Fig. 10. Field-recorded TW waveform showing ringing effects in an actual substation application.

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Techspace

D. Current Monitoring in Double-Breaker Applications The protective relay has two sets of current inputs to measure the currents through the two breakers in breaker-and- a-half and double-breaker schemes, as Fig. 11 illustrates. This capability allows the relay to monitor the line currents based on user-programmable logic variables that select which currents to use according to the operation requirements of the power system. The fault locating algorithm uses the selected TWIA, TWIB, and TWIC currents for fault location estimation.

Fig. 12). The signal generator plays back the CSV files via the low-energy analog (LEA) interface of the relay. Two playback units supplied the three-phase currents from each line terminal to the corresponding relays. The playback units were configured to inject the signals synchronously to both relays.

Fig. 12. Test setup using LEA signals to test the TW fault locating system.

Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 show the phase currents at the sending and receiving terminals, respectively, for an AB fault at 160.45 miles (from the sending terminal).

Fig. 11. Current source selection for TW fault location in double-breaker applications.

Traveling Wave Testing A. Testing Using Low-Energy Analog Signals To verify the accuracy of the TW-based fault location estimation, we created a power system model using an EMTP. The power system model includes frequency-dependent transmission line models and effective terminal capacitance at the buses. Table I shows typical terminal capacitances for generators, transformers, and bus systems[24]. Table I

Fig 13. Phase currents applied to the sending-end terminal for an AB fault.

Typical terminal capacitances in microfarads (ÂľF) Hydrogenerators (Salient Poles) Generators (Steam Turbine) Transformers (Distribution) Transformers (Power)

Maximum

Minimum

Average

0.001

0.0002

0.0006

0.001

0.0001

0.0005

0.002

0.0004

0.0010

0.001

0.0002

0.0005

We simulated phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase faults at known locations on a 189-mile line. We saved the current signals from both terminals (sending end and receiving end) that were sampled at a rate of 3 MHz as comma-separated Time (microseconds) Fig. 10. Field-recorded TW waveform showing ringing effects in an actual substation application. value (CSV) files. We used a signal generator that is capable of playing back megahertz sampling rate data with 16-bit resolution (see

April 2016

Fig 14. Phase currents applied to the receiving-end terminal for an AB fault.

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The relays filter the phase currents to capture the high- frequency content of the signals. The relays exchange the time stamp of the retrieved high-frequency wave. Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 show the high-frequency content of the phase currents that were retrieved from the relays.

Although less precise and significantly less versatile than EMTP simulations, the physical low-energy transmission line model offered the ability to test the entire system (including the relay input CTs).

Fig. 17. Physical transmission line model.

Fig. 15. TWs captured at the sending end for an AB fault.

The physical transmission line model was implemented The physical transmission line model was implemented using a total of 500 Ď&#x20AC; sections to simulate a 38-mile line. The custom card developed for this model is shown in Fig. 18. The model operates at 48 V, 1 A with a maximum fault current level of 5 A. Faults can be applied at three locations. Fig. 17 shows faults at 20, 60, and 100 percent of the line length.

Fig. 16. TWs captured at the receiving end for an AB fault.

We calculated the TW propagation velocity using the TW information obtained for a line energization event. The relays recorded the following left terminal (TwaveL) and right terminal (TwaveR) time stamps for this event: hh

TwaveL = 6.773364044 seconds

TwaveR = 6.772648441 seconds

LL = 189 miles

LPVEL = 0.9903

c = 186282.39705 miles per second

The distance to the fault is 160.51 miles, as shown in (12). n this case, the fault location estimation error is 0.06 miles.

B. Testing Using a Physical Line Model Additional verification was performed using the physical single-phase transmission line model shown in Fig. 17.

Fig. 18. Transmission line model section used to simulate a 3.8-mile single- phase segment. The thyristor-based fault model is visible at the lower right- hand side. The complete line model uses 10 sections.

Field Installation A. Fault Location Experience BPA owns and operates Goshen and Drummond substations. The Goshen-Drummond line is operated at 161 kV, and according to the BPA system data book, its line length is 72.77 miles. This transmission line is located in eastern Idaho close to the Wyoming border (see Fig. 19). The line shares a right of way with two other 161 kV lines for approximately 4.75 miles. Then it shares the right of way with another 161 kV line for the next 17 miles. The line was originally built for 115 kV and was later upgraded to 161 kV without changing conductors or insulators.

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Techspace

Drummond

Idaho Wyoming

Targhee

Targhee Tap

Swan Valley

Goshen

Fig. 19. Goshen-Drummond 161 kV line (blue) and neighboring 161 kV lines (magenta).

After the 161 kV upgrade, the line experienced 40 faults in the past five years. The most common causes of faults on this line include the following: hh

Galloping conductors clashing because of the wind.

Farmers spraying fertilizers on the conductors and insulators.

Flying projectiles hitting the conductors and insulators.

H18 16'

16'

GMD = 20.16' SC H33 GW

. 55

15' GMD = 15.65' SC J7 20'

20'

GMD = 25.20' SC J30 27'GW

18.67'

24.67'

18.67'

GMD = 27.13' SC

GMD = 28.15' DC

Fig 20. Tower structures on the Goshen-Drummond line.

In the past, for a permanent fault, a lineman would drive along the line until the fault was found. For a long line built over rough terrain, this approach could cause a long outage. Later, BPA used oscillographic records of faults to estimate the fault location. BPA personnel calculated the impedance to the fault from the fault voltages and currents and estimated the fault location. This information would give the lineman a starting point to look for the fault. For temporary faults, linemen inspected every insulator looking for an indication of where the flash occurred. With the advent of digital relays, the relay would estimate the fault location based upon the impedance and the length of the line. If either of these were not accurate, then the location would not be accurate. Multiple sections, different tower configurations, fault resistance, system nonhomogeneity, and zero-sequence mutual coupling challenge the accuracy of impedance-based fault locating methods.

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The Goshen-Drummond line is composed of four different tower structures, as shown in Fig. 20. The line is spanned across 18 sections. Table II shows the tower type and line length associated with each section. Table II Tower Type And Line Section Length Tower Type Length (miles) H18 0.12 J30 21.05 J7 0.68 H33 11.63 J7 0.52 J7 0.25 J7 0.94 H33 2.22 J7 4.08 J30 0.79 J30 0.42 J30 0.08 J7 8.86 H33 5.41 J7 0.37 J7 1.27 H33 5.82 J7 8.27 Fig. 21 shows the one-line diagram that includes the Goshen-Drummond line and relay CT connections. Notice that the line termination at Drummond is an autotransformer.

Fig. 21. Transmission network that includes the Goshen-Drummond line.

B. Traveling Wave Device Installation On April 4, 2012, BPA installed two relays with TW locating capability on the Goshen-Drummond 161 kV line. These relays are capable of exchanging TW information via a 64 kbps channel and estimating fault location in real time, but the communications channels were not available at installation. Therefore, we manually retrieved the COMTRADE event records with TW information and estimated the fault location after the occurrence of each fault. The event records include the TW phase currents and time- stamp information.

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C. Propagation Velocity and Line Length

67.91 miles from Goshen terminal.

As previously mentioned, double-end TW fault location relies on the line length and propagation velocity settings along with the measured time difference between the arrival times of the TWs captured at both terminals of the transmission line. Typically, utilities have an estimate of the line length based on the geographic or linear length or â&#x20AC;&#x153;road milesâ&#x20AC;? of the transmission line; some utilities consider line sag in their estimates. Including the sag in line length estimates reduces errors in the TW fault location. We measured the propagation velocity based on the line length and travel time of the waves. We estimated travel time using the TW information that we captured during line energization. We energized the line from Goshen while the terminal at Drummond was open and captured the event reports to determine the wave propagation velocity. Fig. 22 shows the phase currents and voltages captured at the Goshen terminal sampled at 8 kHz.

Fig. 25. Phase currents at Drummond for the C-phase-to-ground fault at 67.91 miles from Goshen terminal

The time stamps corresponding to the TW arrival obtained from the event records include the following: hh

Goshen: TwaveGosh = 24.089532202 seconds

Drummond: TwaveDrum = 24.089186645 seconds

Fig. 22. Phase voltages and currents captured during line energization from Goshen.

The phase currents depicted in Fig. 22 show the pole scatter and the sequence of pole closing: B-phase, C-phase, and A-phase. Furthermore, we can observe that the B-phase and A-phase poles closed near the peak of their corresponding voltages, while the C-phase pole closed near the voltage zero crossing. Fig. 23 shows the phase currents filtered using an analog band-pass filter, preserving the high-frequency content and rejecting the fundamental frequency content; the currents are sampled at 1.56 MHz.

Fig. 24. Phase currents at Goshen for the C-phase-to-ground fault at

Fig. 26. Damaged insulator at 67.91 miles from Goshen terminal.

Based on the measured TW arrival times, we estimated from (11) a fault location of 68.19 miles from the Goshen terminal. When the line crew patrolled the line, they found a damaged insulator at 67.91 miles from the Goshen terminal. Fig. 26 shows the damaged insulator. The line crew reported that the cause of the insulator damage could be a flashover.

2) Event 2: B-Phase-to-Ground Fault The second fault occurred on May 11, 2012. This permanent fault was caused by a lead projectile hitting the B-phase insulators at a high speed. Fig. 27 and Fig. 28 show the high-frequency components of the phase currents captured at both terminals.

Fig. 27. Phase currents at Goshen for the B-phase-to-ground fault at 38.16 miles from the Goshen terminal.

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Fig. 28. Phase currents at Drummond for the B-phase-to-ground fault at 38.16 miles from the Goshen terminal.

The time stamps corresponding to the TW arrival obtained from the event records include the following: hh

Goshen: TwaveGosh = 36.832684476 seconds

Drummond: TwaveDrum = 36.832667109 seconds

We estimated a fault location of 37.98 miles from the Goshen terminal. The line crew found the fault at 38.16 miles from the Goshen terminal. Fig. 29 shows one of the damaged insulators in the insulator string.

Fig. 31. Phase currents at Drummond for the B-phase-to-ground fault at 66.86 miles from the Goshen terminal.

Based on the prestrikes recorded at the Goshen terminal, it is suspected that the fault was due to lightning. The time stamps corresponding to the TW arrival obtained from the event records include the following: hh

Goshen: TwaveGosh = 32.815358756 seconds

Drummond: TwaveDrum = 32.815023378 seconds

We estimated a fault location of 67.25 miles from theGoshen terminal. The line crew found the fault at 66.86 miles from Goshen.

4) Summary of Results Table III provides the fault location reported by the relay based on TW measurements and the actual fault location reported by BPA. The errors between the TW-based estimated distances and the BPA reported distances are attributed to the nonuniformity of the line sag due to terrain elevation changes and differences in tower structures. BPA is working on providing accurate line length estimates to include line sag. Fig. 29. Damaged insulator at 38.16 miles from the Goshen terminal.

3) Event 3: B-Phase-to-Ground Fault The third fault was on May 26, 2012. Fig. 30 and Fig. 31 show the high-frequency components of the phase currents captured at both terminals.

Table III Reported fault locations and associated errors Event

Faulted

Number

Phase

TW-Based Estimated Distance

BPA Reported Distance

Error

68.19 miles 37.98 miles 67.25 miles

67.91 miles 38.16 miles 66.86 miles

0.28 miles â&#x20AC;&#x201C;0.18 miles 0.39 miles

Conclusion Adding TW-based fault location to line protective relays improves their fault locating capability compared with relays that use only impedance-based fault locating methods. Fig. 30. Phase currents at Goshen for the B-phase-to-ground fault at 66.86 miles from the Goshen terminal.

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Relays that use TWs and impedance-based methods to estimate fault location provide results independent of the

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fault incidence angle. These relays provide fault location at the line terminals within a couple of seconds without the need for an additional computer and software.

Lines I: Theory of Modal Analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 84, Issue 3, March 1965, pp. 200–205.

Field cases demonstrate that relays with TW fault locating capability can locate faults to within a tower span in applications including lines with mutual coupling. Furthermore, there is no need for additional secondary wiring and communications equipment when TW-based fault location is part of the line differential relay.

13 S. A. Schelkunoff, “The Electromagnetic Theory of Coaxial Transmission Lines and Cylindrical Shields,” The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 13, No. 4, October 1934, pp. 532–579.

REFERENCES

15 E. O. Schweitzer, III, “Evaluation and Development of Transmission Line Fault-Locating Techniques Which Use Sinusoidal Steady-State Information,” proceedings of the 9th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane, WA, October 1982.

1 T. W. Stringfield, D. J. Marihart, and R. F. Stevens, “Fault Location Methods for Overhead Lines,” Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers – Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 76, Issue 3, April 1957, pp. 518–530. 2 D. J. Marihart and N. W. Haagenson, “Automatic Fault Locator for Bonneville Power Administration,” proceedings of the 1972 IEEE Power and Energy Society Summer Meeting, San Francisco, CA, July 1972. 3 M. Ando, E. O. Schweitzer, III, and R. A. Baker, “Development and Field-Data Evaluation of Single-End Fault Locator for Two-Terminal HVDC Transmission Lines, Part I: Data Collection System and Field Data,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS–104, Issue 12, December 1985, pp. 3524–3530. 4 M. Ando, E. O. Schweitzer, III, and R. A. Baker, “Development and Field-Data Evaluation of Single-End Fault Locator for Two-Terminal HVDC Transmission Lines, Part II: Algorithm and Evaluation,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS–104, Issue 12, December 1985, pp. 3531–3537. 5 M. A. Street, “Delivery and Application of Precise Timing for a Traveling Wave Powerline Fault Locator System,” proceedings of the 22nd Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Applications and Planning Meeting, Vienna, VA, December 1990, pp. 355–360. 6 P. F. Gale, “Overhead Line Fault Location Based on Travelling Waves and GPS,” proceedings of the Precise Measurements in Power Systems Conference, Arlington, VA, October 1993. 7 M. Aurangzeb, P. A. Crossley, and P. Gale, “Fault Location on a Transmission Line Using High Frequency Travelling Waves Measured at a Single Line End,” proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, Vol. 4, Singapore, January 2000, pp. 2437–2442. 8 D. A. Tziouvaras, J. Roberts, and G. Benmouyal, “New MultiEnded Fault Location Design for Two- or Three-Terminal Lines,” proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 2001. 9 K. Zimmerman and D. Costello, “Impedance-Based Fault Location Experience,” proceedings of the 31st Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane, WA, October 2004. 10 B. S. Guru and H. R. Hiziroglu, Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals. PWS Publishing Company, Boston, MA, June 1997. 11 P. Moreno, P. Gómez, J. L. Naredo, and J. L. Guardado, “Frequency Domain Transient Analysis of Electrical Networks Including Non-linear Conditions,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 27, Issue 2, February 2005, pp. 139–146. 12 D. E. Hedman, “Propagation on Overhead Transmission

14 D. Hou and J. Roberts, “Capacitive Voltage Transformers: Transient Overreach Concerns and Solutions for Distance Relaying,” proceedings of the 22nd Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane, WA, October 1995.

16 T. Takagi, Y. Yamakoshi, M. Yamaura, R. Kondow, and T. Matsushima, “Development of a New Type Fault Locator Using the One-Terminal Voltage and Current Data,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS– 101, Issue 8, August 1982, pp. 2892–2898. 17 B. Kasztenny, B. Le, and N. Fischer, “A New Multiterminal Fault Location Algorithm Embedded in Line Current Differential Relays,” proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, Birmingham, UK, April 2012. 18] H. Lee, “Development of an Accurate Travelling Wave Fault Locator Using the Global Positioning System Satellites,” proceedings of the 20th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane, WA, October 1993. 19 D. A. Douglass, “Current Transformer Accuracy With Asymmetric and High Frequency Fault Current,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 100, Issue 3, March 1981, pp. 1006–1012. 20 M. A. Redfern, S. C. Terry, F. V. P. Robinson, and Z. Q. Bo, “A Laboratory Investigation Into the use of MV Current Transformers for Transient Based Protection,” proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Power Systems Transients (IPST), New Orleans, LA, September– October 2003. 21 A. M. Elhaffar, “Power Transmission Line Fault Location Based on Current Traveling Waves,” doctoral dissertation, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, March 2008. 22 D. J. Spoor, J. Zhu, and P. Nichols, “Filtering Effects of Substation Secondary Circuits on Power System Traveling Wave Transients,” proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Vol. 3, September 2005, pp. 2360–2365. 23 M. Kezunovic, L. Kojovic, V. Skendzic, C. W. Fromen, D. Sevcik, and S. L. Nilsson, “Digital Models of Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers for Protective Relay Studies,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, Issue 4, October 1992, pp. 1927–1935. 24 L. V. Bewley, Traveling Waves on Transmission Systems. Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 1963. ■

Stephen Marx, Bonneville Power Administration Brian K. Johnson, University of Idaho Armando Guzmán, Veselin Skendzic, and Mangapathirao V. Mynam, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

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InFocus

ocial responsibility is the responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviors that is consistent with sustainable development and the welfare of society and takes into account the expectations of stakeholders Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one such niche area of corporate behaviour and governance that needs to be addressed and effectively implemented in the organisation. CSR is one of the effective tools that synergizes the efforts of corporate and the social sector agencies towards sustainable growth and development of social objectives at large. CSR is at heart a process of managing the costs and benefits of business activity to both internal (employees, shareholders, investors) and external (institution of public governance, community members, civil society groups, other enterprises) stakeholders. Until the middle of the twentieth century, a firm was generally viewed, as an economic institution to provide wanted goods and services for public consumption and a profit for the owners. In the classic economic model, a firm is an economic institution governed by economic values and subject to the economic machinations of the marketplace. Two significant developments changed all of this. The first occurred in the first half of the twentieth century as professional managers replaced owners in running big companies. Professional managers played more of a trustee role, they were responsible to the board of directors and interest of suppliers, customers, employees, and other claimants. The second development was the change in public attitude towards big businesses. The Needs Theory of human behaviour states that once basic economic necessities are satisfied, people become more concerned with psychological needs relating to status, esteem, social justice and quality of life. Goals, values and attitudes of various

groups in society have changed significantly over the years reflecting a greater concern for improvements in quality of life. A firm, after all, is a social institution. It does not flourish in a vacuum. In all its operations it is vitally influenced by its environment. The decisions made by the corporate managers not only affect the community lives but may affect significantly both the national and international economic activity. A healthy organisation should visualize these impacts realistically and deal with them firmly by converting these social problems into opportunities for successful performance and positive contribution.

Factors Influencing the Growing Concern for Social Responsibility In keeping with the significant changes in other walks of life, business also has been changing its patterns, priorities and perceptions in tune with the times. Maximisation of profit used to be the only motto of all business enterprise can thrive on the profit motive alone for long these days and if it has to succeed, business must be conscious and alive to its social responsibility as well. The once all-powerful and all-conquering profit motive has been slowly but surely yielding place to a broad-based and more enlightened policy of commitment to social welfare measures. The only reason for this turnaround could be the instinct for survival. Besides there are certain other factors which have contributed to the growing concern of business for the welfare of society. These factors are: hh

Growing Awareness due to Education: With the growing literacy rate, more and more people are becoming increasingly aware of their right to a decent and healthy life. Spread of education has helped the business community also to understand their role and the changing patterns in society. Therefore,

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the companies have chosen two objectives of profit and social responsibility in the best interests of both business and society. hh

News Papers and Consumer Organisations: Consumer organisations have been coming up in urban areas to protect the interests of consumers and to expose the malpractices or bad elements of business with the sole object of enlightening or forewarning consumers.

Fear of Government’s Interference: In the event of any business enterprise persisting in its fraudulent or deceitful ways to quench its hunger for more profit, the enlightened public can, through the various means at its command, compel the government to introduce legislation to check the malpractices of business.

Trade Union Movement: In almost all big business establishments’ well organised trade Unions have become omnipresent and omnipotent. The bargaining power and strength of these unions makes the higher officials to responsible towards the employees in the organisation as well as society at large.

Public Image: Building up a better public image is essential for any business to survive and grow. Hence, all managers are looked up in a healthy competition to build up their public image, even if it means lesser and lesser profits.

Competitive Market Forces: The cut-throat competition in the market has certainly played its part in forcing the businessmen to narrow down their profits in the interests of survival.

Public Relations: Maintaining good public relations is success mantra in business. Whether a customer or an employee or a government servant a businessman has to deal with all of them in a humble and polite way. Good public relations would teach the businessman how to behave and respect other peoples’ aspirations as well.

CSR Initiatives in India CSR in India is in a very nascent stage. In India there are an existent but small number of companies which practice CSR. This engagement of the Indian economy concentrates mainly on a few old family owned companies, and corporate giants. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act 2013 as well as the provisions of the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014 to come into effect from April 1, 2014. With effect from April 1, 2014, every company, private limited or public limited, which either has a net worth of Rs 500 crore or a turnover of Rs 1,000 crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility activities. The CSR activities should not be undertaken in the normal course of business and must be with respect to any of

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the activities mentioned in Schedule VII of the 2013 Act. Contribution to any political party is not considered to be a CSR activity and only activities in India would be considered for computing CSR expenditure. The net worth, turnover and net profits are to be computed in terms of Section 198 of the 2013 Act as per the profit and loss statement prepared by the company in terms of Section 381 (1) (a) and Section 198 of the 2013 Act. While these provisions have not yet been notified, is has been clarified that if net profits are computed under the Companies Act, 1956 they needn’t be recomputed under the 2013 Act. Profits from any overseas branch of the company, including those branches that are operated as a separate company would not be included in the computation of net profits of a company. Besides, dividends received from other companies in India which need to comply with the CSR obligations would not be included in the computation of net profits of a company. The CSR Rules appear to widen the ambit for compliance obligations to include the holding and subsidiary companies as well as foreign companies whose branches or project offices in India fulfill the specified criteria. There is a need for clarity with respect to the compliance obligations of a company as well as its holding and subsidiary companies. It is gratifying to note that a number of leading companies in India have shown recognition of the social responsibility of the corporate sector. A number of Indian companies, especially the public sector enterprises, have been undertaking a number of socially useful activities. Some private sector organisations too have been doing commendable work in meeting social responsibilities. The business community has been Instrumental in setting up hundreds of institutions of public service like schools, colleges, management institutes, dispensaries, hospitals, technological institutes, research institutes (medical, scientific and technological), libraries, dharamshalas, cultural institutions, institutes for the dumb, deaf and blind, museums and places of religions worship. Some of the leading enterprises have extended welfare measures like health and medical facilities to people of the surrounding villages. Many businessmen have risen up to the occasion to help the victims of droughts, floods, earthquakes and other natural calamities.

Perception of employees on CSR Activities CSR does make a unique contribution to organizational commitment, it is a small contribution, and not as important as basic job satisfaction. Generally employees are not happy and trusting of the organization, a strong CSR program is less likely to result in an improved retention rate than are initiatives that directly improve individual employee job satisfaction such as job enrichment and autonomy. Even for companies that find they struggling to do more during lean times, there are things that can be done to make the most of whatever resources are available to devote to CSR. Organizations that are investing in CSR should leverage that investment to improve both employee perceptions of the organization

InFocus

and customer perceptions. First, the organizations must communicate about the CSR investment and the tangible positive outcomes are of that investment will help employees better understand the contributions the organization is making. Additional communication about CSR initiatives is likely to be especially important for those at the lower levels in the organization who report lower levels of perceived CSR and organizational commitment. They might be aware of all of the CSR initiatives underway that the high level knows about. It is easy for high level managers to forget that not everyone knows what they know. Organizational leaders should publicize these effortsthis will maximize any internal benefits of CSR. In addition to publicizing the organization’s CSR efforts, get the employees involved. When possible, provide opportunities for employees at all levels to give input about which types of initiatives are important to them, and to participate in the efforts. Companies that do CSR well are those that have it embedded in employees’ jobs. There are multiple advantages to doing this. Employees may come up with really innovative ideas for how to make a positive impact in the community and meet a business need at the same time. Also, investing in the initiatives that are important to the employees will increase the importance they attach to CSR, and the commitment they have to their organization. Getting the employees involved in this way is consistent with the principles of participative management, and the idea that employees prefer work environments where they can make a contribution to work they find meaningful.

Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Objectives of the Study The following objectives have set for study: hh

To study the CSR activities of public and private insurance companies in India

To examine the perception of life insurance sector employees on CSR activities

To put forth certain suggestions and conclusions based on the findings that have been arrived.

Methodology To fulfill afore said objectives, the data are collected from both primary sources as well as secondary sources. The secondary data are collected from various journals, books, periodicals and web. The primary data are collected with support of well designed structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling method is employed in selecting the sample. The samples used in the study were different levels of employees in both public and private sector life insurance companies which are located in and around Vijayawada City of Andhra Pradesh. The sample size is limited to 150 respondents. From each sector 75 samples were selected. The opinions collected are analyzed by using Statistical package. Table-1: Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha

N of Items

.681

Table-2: Pearson Correlation coefficient among study variables of public and private sector insurance companies Correlations Educational Public/ Experience Age Variables Qualifications Private My company has adequate manpower to public .324** .608** -.254* implement and oversee the CSR initiatives private .430** .394** -.063 My company allocates appropriate budget for its public .777** .508** -.393** various CSR initiatives private -.266* -.216 .198 The current CSR activities are good enough for my public -.311** -.175 .179 company private -.113 -.087 .040 The company’s CSR initiatives are helping in public .748** .457** -.437** creating brand awareness private -.218 -.287* .246* More people are willing to work for my company public .544** .282* -.336** due to its initiatives for the society private -.266* -.135 .250* CSR is an effective catalyst to bring about positive public -.281* -.384** .694** societal change private -.099 -.313** .251* Better community relations result in better profit for public .703** .418** -.445** the company private .079 .079 -.046 Improved perception about the company is a public .801** .472** -.379** possible benefit of investing in social initiatives private .044 -.013 -.084 CSR initiatives results in goodwill of the company public -.607** -.678** .564** private -.398** -.392** .335** Companies form separate foundations to work on public -.594** -.478** .639** CSR as it has been mandatory by the government private -.320** -.174 .199 Tax benefits is the motive for investing in CSR public -.361** -.530** .609** activities by companies private -.312** -.480** .383**

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the companies have chosen two objectives of profit and social responsibility in the best interests of both business and society. hh

Competitive Market Forces: The cut-throat competition in the market has certainly played its part in forcing the businessmen to narrow down their profits in the interests of survival.

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Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Objectives of the Study The following objectives have set for study: hh

To study the CSR activities of public and private insurance companies in India

To examine the perception of life insurance sector employees on CSR activities

To put forth certain suggestions and conclusions based on the findings that have been arrived.

N of Items

.681

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Table-3: ANOVA among study variables of public and private sector insurance companies when experience is taken into consideration ANOVA Sum of Squares

Study Variables My company has adequate manpower to implement and oversee the CSR initiatives My company allocates appropriate budget for its various CSR initiatives.

More people are willing to work for my company due to its initiatives for the society. CSR is an effective catalyst to bring about positive societal change Better community relations result in better profit for the company Improved perception about the company is a possible benefit of investing in social initiatives.

.015

private

Between Groups Within Groups

32.129 200.991

3 71

10.710 2.831

3.783

.014

public

Between Groups Within Groups

131.779 55.608

3 71

43.926 .783

56.085

.000

Between Groups Within Groups Between Groups Within Groups Between Groups Within Groups

.270 4.397 29.350 251.930 .301 18.045

3 71

public

Between Groups Within Groups

150.476 59.871

private

Between Groups Within Groups

public

.090 .062 9.783 3.548 .100 .254

1.451

.235

2.757

.049

.395

.757

3 71

50 .159 .843

59.482

.000

2.429 22.958

3 71

.810 .323

2.504

.066

Between Groups Within Groups

99.656 147.011

3 71

33.219 2.071

16.043

.000

private

Between Groups Within Groups

.443 4.224

3 71

.148 .059

2.481

.068

public

Between Groups Within Groups

42.729 218.817

3 71

14.243 3.082

4.622

.005

private

Between Groups Within Groups

2.558 20.188

3 71

.853 .284

2.999

.036

public

Between Groups Within Groups

139.027 80.919

3 71

46.342 1.140

40.662

.000

private

Between Groups Within Groups

.158 8.509

3 71

.053 .120

.440

.725

public

Between Groups Within Groups

145.005 40.382

3 71

48.335 .569

84.984

.000

Between Groups Within Group Between Groups Within Groups Between Groups Within Groups

.431 20.236 4.811 6.575 4.123 18.544

3 71

public

Between Groups Within Groups

40.060 49.220

private

Between Groups Within Groups

.313 3.474

public

Between Groups Within Groups

private

Between Groups Within Groups

public

private

Tax benefits is the motive for investing in CSR activities by companies

3.712

5.323 1.434

public

Companies form separate foundations to work on CSR as it has been mandatory by the government

Sig.

15.969 101.817

private CSR initiatives results in goodwill of the company.

Between Groups Within Groups

private The companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CSR initiatives are helping in creating brand awareness

Mean Square

public

private The current CSR activities are good enough for my company

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14.149 82.038 6.735 19.265

3 71

.144 .285 1.604 .093 1.374 .261

.504

.681

17.318

.000

5.262

.002

3 71

13.353 .693

19.262

.000

3 71

.104 .049

2.131

.104

4.716 1.155

4.082

.010

2.245 .271

8.273

.000

3 71

3 71 3 71

InFocus

CSR initiatives taken up by their company. Employees feel that their organization is giving priority for the upliftment of the society by providing CSR programs from share of profits. But somewhat private sector insurance company employees are not happy with their companies CSR initiatives. They feel that their organizations must concentrate on the CSR programs for the upliftment of the society this will helps the organizations to develop their business as well as reputation in the global competitive environment.

The reliability coefficient indicated that the scale for measuring is quite reliable. An alpha value of 0.60 or above is considered to be the criterion for demonstrating internal consistency of new scales and established scales respectively. Table-1 shows that Cronbach’s alpha for fourteen elements is greater than (α = .681) so, the internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire can be considered to be reliable and good. To arrive at pertinent analysis, the collected data was put to statistical analysis using SPSS package. hh

Based on the age, public sector employees feel that their company allocates appropriate budget for its CSR initiatives (r= 0. 777, p<0.01), The company’s CSR initiatives are helping in creating brand awareness (r= 0. 748, p<0.01), More people are willing to work for their company due to its initiatives for the society (r= 0. 544, p<0.01), Better community relations result in better profit for the company (r= 0. 703, p<0.01), Improved perception about the company is a possible benefit of investing in social initiatives (r= 0. 801, p<0.01). Depending on educational qualifications most of the public sector employees feel that their company has adequate manpower to implement and oversee the CSR initiatives (r= 0. 608, p<0.01) and their company allocates appropriate budget for its various CSR initiatives (r= 0. 508, p<0.01). Based on their experience public sector employees feel that CSR is an effective catalyst to bring about positive societal change (r= 0. 694, p<0.01), CSR initiatives results in goodwill of the company (r= 0. 564, p<0.01), Companies form separate foundations to work on CSR as it has been mandatory by the government (r= 0. 639, p<0.01), Tax benefits is the motive for investing in CSR activities by companies (r= 0. 609, p<0.01).

Based on the analysis of the data presented in the Table-2 observed that majority of the public sector insurance company employees are satisfied with the

Above Table-3 represents the ANOVA among study variables of public and private sector insurance companies when experience is taken into consideration. Based on the experience majority of the public sector employees feel that their company allocates appropriate budget for its various CSR initiatives, the company’s CSR initiatives are helping in creating brand awareness, many people are willing to work for their company due to its initiatives for the society, better community relations result in better profit for the company, improved perception about the company is a possible benefit of investigating in social initiatives, CSR initiatives results in goodwill of the company, companies form separate foundations to work on CSR as it has been mandatory by the government . And all the above study variables are significant with respect to public sector employees. Tax benefits is the motive for investing in CSR activities by companies is the only one variable which is significant with respect to private sector employees.

Finding of the Study hh

Only public sector insurance company has adequate trained manpower to implement and oversee the CSR initiatives and allocates appropriate budget for its various initiatives

CSR initiatives results in goodwill of the company and it will help in creating brand awareness

In private sector there are no separate foundations to work on CSR as it has been mandatory by the government

CSR programs are not implementing seriously.

Conclusion Insurance sector play an important role in the growth of nation’s economy, when the people get additional support in the form of different social security programs, then their standard of living will raise and it help in making a developed nation. The Insurance companies must focus on making the people aware about what they are doing for them so, that they can get the benefit from such CSR initiatives. Majority of the public sector insurance employees feel that their organizations are giving priority for the CSR programs with this they are getting reputation in the society and most of the people are willing to associate with public sector organizations. And in the

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InFocus

case of private sector insurance the CSR programs are not going on well. The authorities must take initiatives to implement the guidelines and rules which are framed by the Govt. of India to promote the CSR activities from their company. The Amended Companies Act, made CSR as a compulsory in the counterpart of the business, so, that there is a every possibility to make the CSR as a bless for upliftment of community well being, condition to seriously monitor by the Government for its implementation.

the right choice! ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF W.E.F. 1ST APRIL 2014 Publication Date 1st working day of the month of the issue

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2. Barnett, M. L.( 2007), “Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility”. Academy of Management Review, 32(3): 794-816. 3. Bradley, J. C., Brief, A. P., & Smith-Crowe, K. (2008). The ‘‘good’’ corporation. In D. B. Smith (Ed.), The people make the place: Dynamic linkages between individuals and organizations New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (pp. 175–223). 4. Hess, D., Rogovsky, N., & Dunfee, T. W. (2002).” The next wave of corporate community involvement: Corporate social initiatives. California Management Review”, 44, 110-125. 5. Hannah Rose(2013), “How Insurance Companies Can Become Good Corporate Citizens”, July 1, at 8:55 am 6. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, Schedules forming part of Consolidated Condensed financial statements SCHEDULE – 3 OPERATING EXPENSES RELATED TO INSURANCE BUSINESS For the quarter ended June 30, 2014

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REFERENCES 1. Aguilera, R., Rupp, D. E., Ganapathi, J., & Williams, C. A. (2006), “Justice and social responsibility: A social exchange model”. Paper presented at the Society for Industrial/ Organizational Psychology Annual Meeting, Berlin

Inside Pages 90 gsm Indian Art Paper

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7. Lange, D., & Washburn, N. T. (2012). Understanding attributions of corporate social irresponsibility. Academy of Management Review, 37, 300–326.

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8. Peterson, D. K. (2004). “The relationship between perceptions of corporate citizenship and organizational commitment”. Business and Society, 43, 296-319.

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9. Ramus, C, & Steger, U. (2000), “The role of supervisory support behaviors and environmental policy in employee‘s eco-initiatives at leading edge European companies”, Academy of Management Journal, 43: 605-626. 10. Rowley, T. J., & Berman, S. (2000), “A brand new brand of corporate social performance”, Business & Society, 39(4): 397-418. 11. Rupp, D. E., Gananpathy, J., Aguilera, R. V., & Williams, C. A. (2006), “ Employees‘ reactions to corporate social responsibility: an organizational justice framework.”, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27: 537-543. 12. VSP Rao, V Hari Krishna (2009) “Strategic Management Text and Cases”, Excel Books, New Delhi.

Ch.Vijayalakshmi

Ph.D. (SRF) Scholar, Dept. of HRM, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522 510, A.P., India

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For Booking and Foreign Advertisement Tariff Contact: Ms. Vidya Chikhale Tel.: +91 (0) 22 2493 0532 / 6528 / 6529 Fax: +91 (0) 22 2493 2705 E-mail: vidya.chikhale@ieema.org

Head, Dept. of HRM, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur- 522 510, A.P., India

April 2016

GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

n any transmission or Distribution network, Surge Arresters are provided to ensure that any surges that are occurring in the system are diverted to ground and the system is maintained healthy. Surge Arresters that are provided in the substation to protect the vital equipment like the transformers, CT, PT, Switchgear installed in the incoming of the substation are called as the substation arresters. These arresters are equipped to take care of the temporary overvoltages in the system and the switching over voltages that are generated in the system. These are however inadequate to take care of the Lightning surges that may occur due to the lightning strikes that occur on the lines. This is the duty of the Transmission Line Arresters or TLA as they are called. In case of the Transmission system in India, the majority of the transmission lines are still with Overhead bare conductors on Transmission Towers. There are some areas where there are High Voltage Cables for upto 400kV that are used for underground ring network, but predominantly the transmission lines are Overhead bare conductors on Transmission towers. In this paper we will be discussing one of the major problem related to these bare conductor Overhead lines on transmission towers.

Open bare lines on tall transmission towers are highly prone to direct lightning strikes or induced voltages due to lightning strikes. This becomes all the more important in a country like India where we have large number of outdoor lines in highly isokeraunic areas, specially areas where the lines are very old.

V = Z x i / 2 = 300 x10 = 3 Million Volts.

Low impedance ground path drives lightn8ng current to earth and tower footing resistance dominates the potential rise of the tower

There are multiple methods to reduce the outages due to lightning some of which are improving the tower footing resistance, changing to underground cables or installing Transmission Line Arresters. Installation of Transmission Line Arresters ( TLA ) being the cheapest and easiest of the alternatives.

High lightning current could generate a flashover from the tower to phase conductor.

Two types of lightning strikes that can occur on the system, first being the direct strike which happens in the case of shield failure and the second being the indirect or induced voltage in the system due to the lightning striking the earth wire. When the lightning strikes the phase wire, the total current divides itself and flows in both the directions.

Typically, assuming a current of 20kA and an overhead line surge impedance of 300 ohms, the voltage that would appear at the substation would be

In the case of a lightning strike onto the earth wire or tower,

Bothe the above conditions are damaging to the insulators provided enroute and also the voltage reaching the substation end could be very high which needs to be eliminated / minimized to ensure proper operation of the transmission line with minimum outages. Transmission Line Arresters (TLAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s) can be of two types namely hh

EGLA : Externally Gapped type

NGLA : Non Gapped Lightning Arresters

Externally Gapped Arresters are not the preferred variety in India as the Gaps need to be set based on the site conditions which is difficult and also the site conditions vary considerably during the course of the year. Maintaining these gaps accurately is also another of the issues related to this In case we need to achieve the target of NIL flash over, then the most ideal

April 2016

GuestArticle

solution will be to provide these TLA’s on all phased and on all towers in the circuit. This economically is not viable and may not be a solution worth looking at. The solution is therefore to look at provide TLA’s on towers based on an analysis to ensure that the tripping is reduced to a minimum as can be agreed with the customer. The TLA’s are suspended directly onto the transmission lines near to the tower after the insulators by using suspension clamp. The bottom portion of the TLA is connected to a Disconnector. An earth connection is provided at the bottom of the disconnector to connect to earth and subsequently a strain relief clamp is provided to connect the TLA to the tower to ensure that there is no swinging of the TLA. A typical arrangement of the TLA is shown below

The Transmission Line Arrester is provided with a disconnector to ensure that in the case of the Surge Arrester failing, the disconnector will see the continuous current flowing through it and will break up. This will ensure that the bottom portion of the disconnector along with the earth connection and the connection to the strain relief clamp will fall off to the side of the tower where they are anchored. This will ensure that the earth connection is

April 2016

effectively removed and the system remains live without disturbance. The disconnector will however have to be designed to be a quick acting one and should be co-ordinated to ensure the fast operation. The anchoring of the TLA to the side of the tower has to be planned properly to ensure that the clearance of to the next phase is maintained. It must also be ensured that the bottom portion of the disconnector when it falls away with the strain relief clamp will fall to the side of the tower 90 degrees from the one which is carrying the phase lines. The total length of the TLA assembly is also to be taken into account before the installation to calculate the distance of the arrester bottom (earth point) to the next phase to ensure that there is no flash over to earth point from the next phase.

Details of the system required to carry out a proper analysis is furnished below

System Parameters hh

System voltage level

Short circuit current & Duration

TOV Requirements

Data of Arrester at Substation

Circuit breaker reclosing time & scheme

Switching voltage expected on line

Existing tripping in system per annum

Expected reduction in tripping

Tower Information hh

No of towers in the specific line

Height of tower and configuration of each tower

Details of suspension tension strings

Tower footing resistances of each tower

Details of shield wire

Max movement of phase conductor during max wind pressure

(Suspension pivot clamp for suspension from conductor )

No and location of dampers on each phase

It is not advisable to just install Transmission Line Arresters at various points on the transmission lines and expect to get the desired results of minimum tripping in the system. A study and a detailed analysis need to be carried out on the system to ensure that the TLAs are installed at the correct powers and on the correct phases to ensure that they give the desired results.

Location of insulators

(Strain relief arrangement )

and

Insulator Detail Type of insulators for both tension and suspension Insulator dimensions with a drawing preferable BIL level of insulators

Environment details No of thunderstorm days per year/ ground flash density isokeraunic level of the location of the line Geographical location of the towers on the line ( Google co-ordinates ) to locate the height of each tower. A study is conducted taking the above information for the circuit for which TLAs are to be provided. A report can be generated which will give the details of the number of TLAs to be provided along with the towers and phases on which these are to be installed so as to get the maximum benefit of providing them. ■

PowerMinistryUpdates

Chhattisgarh and Uttrakhand. More states and UTs will be launching the national programme shortly. The UJALA scheme - being implemented by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) - has been widely accepted across rural and urban areas of the country. The primary reason for this mass adoption is the capability of LED bulbs to give consistent luminosity even in low voltage, where incandescent and CFL bulbs usually fail. Also, the LED bulbs distributed under the UJALA scheme is one third the market price and these superior quality bulbs also come with a threeyear free replacement warranty.

‘India and Africa should Deepen Cooperation for Realisation of SDGS well before 2030’

More than 8 crore LED Bulbs distributed under Ujala Scheme Indian households are rapidly adopting LED bulbs in a bid to make their homes energy efficient. Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) distributed over 8 crore LED bulbs in a year across 125 cities in the country under the Government of India’s UJALA (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all) scheme. The milestone was achieved today afternoon. This achievement is reflective of the citizens’ contribution to becoming more energy efficient.

April 2016

Efficient domestic lighting is one of the largest contributors to energy savings globally. Distribution of 8 crore LED bulbs – achieved over a period of 12 months - has led to daily savings of over 2.84 crore kWh – savings capable of lighting over 20 lakh homes for 365 days. Alongside the savings in units, the country has also benefitted from daily CO2 emission reduction of 23,000 tonnes. Currently, the UJALA scheme is fully operational in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Jharkhand,

African countries would benefit immensely by joining the International Solar Alliance (ISA) that is headquartered in New Delhi. While delivering special address at valedictory session of 11th CII India Africa Project Partnership Conclave, here today, Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal and New & Renewable Energy said that India and Africa should deepen partnerships for development of micro grids and off grids. He also said that India and Africa should deepen the cooperation for realisation of UN’s Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) well before year 2030. Mr Ekwow Spio Garbrah, Minister of Trade and Industry, Republic of Ghana, said that India could play a key part in creating solar energy development capacity across the vast Sahara desert where land is not arable. Mr Garbrah identified infrastructure development, healthcare and agriculture as three focus areas that call for deeper IndiaAfrica partnerships. He assured that Ghana could extend expertise in growing cocoa in India. Mr James Wani Igga, Vice President, Republic of South Sudan, said

PowerMinistryUpdates

that Indian investments in Africa must be directed toward areas where Africa enjoys comparative advantage. He underscored India’s role in capacity building in Africa, as well as in initiatives for women’s empowerment. Mr Igga invited Indian investments in South Sudan in agriculture, mining, oil exploration, infrastructure development and social services. The two day Conclave drew the participation of over 500 delegates from Africa, around 500 delegates from Africa. Some 300 B2B meetings were held during the course of the conclave.

J & K Joins “UDAY” Scheme ; Would Derive an Overall Net Benefit of Rs 9800 crore Through “UDAY” The Government of India, and the State of Jammu & Kashmir signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) under the Scheme UDAY – “Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana” today for operational and financial turnaround of the State’s Power Distribution Department.

Under UDAY, nine states have signed MoU till date with the combined DISCOM debt around Rs.1.94 lac crore, to be restructured which is approximately 45% of the total outstanding DISCOM debt of Rs.4.3 lac crore as on 30th September, 2015. Speaking on the occasion, Shri P K Pujari, Secretary, Ministry of Power said that with Jammu and Kashmir signing UDAY MoU, we will be able to tackle 50% of total discom debt in the country. He congratulated J&K government and said that with time, more states are expected to join UDAY thereby, benefits reaching to more people across the nation. While interacting with media, Shri Dheeraj Gupta, Secretary (Power) State of Jammu and Kashmir said that we are committed to improve operation efficiencies through UDAY. The main aim for signing this MoU is to restructure high interest rate of the total discom debt thereby improving financial condition of State Discom. The signing of MoU under UDAY would enable the State of Jammu & Kashmir to raise funds at cheaper rate to clear the outstanding dues of around Rs.3538 crore of CPSUs, which would entail an annual saving of Rs.1200 crore (over 4 years) towards interest cost to the State.

By 2020, We will take Electricity to Every Home in the Country: Shri Piyush Goyal Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal and New & Renewable Energy said that the Government will take electricity to every home in the country by 2020. While addressing “Light of Asia: The Future of Energy” session at the Raisina Dialogue 2016 here today, Shri Goyal said “ By 2019-20, I am fairly confident, well ahead of target

that we will take electricity to every home in this country. And that for us is truly a development goal, that in five years, we want to make sure that everybody gets electricity, not waiting for 2030.” On providing affordable power , Shri Goyal said that Government is committed to provide affordable power to its people because we believe that there is no use of taking power to the people if they cannot afford it. Shri Goyal further added that UDAY programme is an overarching reform implemented by Government of India which focuses to bring down the inefficiencies and loses in the system, both financial and operational, and reduce the power cost by saving of Rs 1,80,000 crore every year. This will make the ‘Affordability for Power’ a truly successful mission. So far, the results have been quite encouraging, Shri Goyal added. Referring to the WTO’s decision on solar energy, Shri Goyal said, “I can very easily create another mechanism and I will not let this deter my mission because my mission comes out of conviction. India will still stand committed to 100 GW of solar power.” ■

April 2016

IEEMAActivities

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SME Division Meeting in Progress

Readers are requested to send their feedback about content of the Journal at editor@ieema.org 76

April 2016

IEEMAActivities

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April 2016

PowerStatistics

Investment share WEO 2015

Source: WEO2015

Source: Source: WEO2015 WEO2015

April 2016

PowerStatistics

Surge Arresters Three years details Sales data of Surge Arresters in Nos. 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

Polymer Surge Arresters

302813

282234

353029

Porcelain Surge Arresters

904225

602375

564207

Source: IEEMA Database

1050000 900000 750000 600000 450000 300000 150000

Polymer Surge Arresters

Porcelain Surge Arresters

0 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

IMPORT and EXPORT data of Surge Arresters

in Rs. Lacs

ITC Code - 85354010

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

IMPORT

2164

3304

3321

2728

3001

EXPORT

2402

2920

2422

3345

2640

Source: Commerce.nic.in

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000

R s . L a c s

IMPORT

EXPORT

1500 2010-11

April 2016

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

IEEMADatabase

Rs/MT

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.01.16

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

`/MT

23773

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

24464

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

54000

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV

`/MT

b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

as on 01.01.16

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

380

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

122500

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

123500

`/KLitre

50959

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS)

244250

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS

316500

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month November 2015

202.37

IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

265.36

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

126500

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

203.00

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

142700

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

224.16

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

328146

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

338567

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

125133

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

131606

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

Wholesale price index number for ‘Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month November 2015 Wholesale price index number for’ Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month November 2015

138.80

178.10

All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) November 2015

181800

270

# Estimated, NA: Not available 180000

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987) (Rs./MT)

140000

(Rs./M

160000

120000

100000 01-16

12-15

11-15

10-15

`09-15

`08-15

`07-15

`06-15

`05-15

`04-15

`03-15

`02-15

`01-15

`12-14

`11-14

`10-14

`09-14

`08-14

`07-14

`06-14

`05-14

`04-14

`03-14

`02-14

Feb 2014 - Jan 2016 The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. duty wherever manufactures are eligible to obtain MODVAT benefit. These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMA’s Price Variation Clauses for various products. Basic Price Variation Clauses, explanation of nomenclature can be obtained from IEEMA office. Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

April 2016

IEEMADatabase

Energy Meters

3000

2200

Nos

2600

1800 1400 April 10 - Dec 15

1000

4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12

Name of Product

Accounting Unit

Production For the Month From Nov 14 to Highest Annual November15

Nov. 15

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

936

10072

11217

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

379

3429

4647

DC Motors

000' KW

398

618

000' KVA

879

11101

10676

Contactors

000' Nos.

695

8299176

8527

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

144

1704

1909

Nos.

49127

589298

947878

000' Poles

11172

134061

116151

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

150602

1802958

1825044

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

6102

70197

72155

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

46492

557643

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1213

14528

16875

43695

509555

464826

000' KVAR

4636

48905

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

5003

46347

43346

Power Transformers

000' KVA

22937

162445

178782

Current Transformers

000' Nos.

697

660

Voltage Transformers

Nos.

10605

102774

114488

000' Nos.

2324

27774

26390

000' MT

951

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers* * Weighted Production

April 2016

InternationalNews

INTERNATIONALNEWS Kokam deploys NMC Energy Storage Systems at South Korean electric grid

Siemens to set up factory for wind turbines rotor blades

Kokam, a provider of innovative battery solutions, has successfully deployed two Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Oxide Energy Storage Systems (ESSs)—a 24-megawatt (MW) system / 9-megawatt hour (MWh) and a 16 MW / 6 MWh system—for frequency regulation on the South Korean electricity grid.

German engineering major Siemens today said it will set up a factory in Morocco to manufacture rotor blades for onshore wind turbines.

The 24-MW system is the largest capacity Lithium NMC ESS used for frequency regulation in the world, Kokam claims. Operational since January 2016, the two new systems, along with a Kokam 16MW / 5MWh Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) ESS system deployed in August 2015, provide South Korea’s largest utility, Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) with 56 MW of energy storage capacity for frequency regulation. These three systems are part of the world’s largest ESS frequency regulation project, which is scheduled to have deployed 500 MW of battery-based energy storage when it is completed in 2017, the company said. In addition to improving grid reliability, the Kokam ESSs will enable KEPCO to improve its operation efficiency by reducing its need for spinning power generation reserves. This will allow KEPCO to shift energy generation to lower cost, more efficient power plants and decrease “wear and tear” on all its power plants. According to Kokam, the three Kokam ESSs will deliver an estimated annual savings of US$13 million in fuel costs, providing fuel cost savings three times larger than the ESSs’ purchase price over the systems’ lifetimes. In addition, by reducing the amount of fossil fuels burnt for frequency regulation, the Kokam ESSs will help reduce KEPCO’s greenhouse gas emissions. The new 24 MW and 16 MW Lithium NMC ESSs utilize Kokam’s innovative Ultra High Power NMC battery technology. Designed for high-power energy storage applications, such as frequency regulation, wind or large solar power system ramp rate control, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) and voltage support, Kokam’s Ultra High Power NMC battery technology higher energy density; higher power cycle life; better charge, discharge and max power rates; and improved heat dissipation capabilities.

April 2016

Siemens did not reveal the size of the investment for the manufacturing facility being located in Tanger Automotive City, which is approximately 35 kilometers from Tanger Med port.The investment in the wind turbine blade factory enables Siemens to create 700 jobs in Morocco. Siemens also aims to triple its footprint in the country. Siemens will start the construction of the factory, which will have a surface area of 37,500 square meters, in the spring of 2016. The wind turbine blade factory will commence operations in spring 2017. Markus Tacke, CEO of Siemens Wind Power and Renewables Division, said: “Morocco is the perfect location from which to serve the growing onshore wind power markets in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.” Moroccan government targets to generate 42 percent of its energy demand from renewables by 2020, of which 20 percent will come from wind power. This target was revised upwards and is set to 52 percent by 2030 as announced by His Majesty King Mohammed VI at the COP 21 meeting in Paris. Siemens said the production facility will be centrally located between Europe and Africa. The engineering firm said the Tanger Med port provides the right conditions for handling and export of blades to various locations in Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Siemens has already implemented several key renewable energy projects, including the 300-MW-Tarfaya project, in Morocco.

China plans 30 nuclear power plants along Silk Route China has set a target of building around 30 nuclear power units in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative routes by 2030, the media reported. According to Sun Qin, president of China National Nuclear Corp, 70 countries in total are already planning or developing their own nuclear power projects, and it is

InternationalNews

NPCIL in talks with US companies on nuclear reactors in Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh State-run Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd is in talks with a number of American companies to set up nuclear power reactors in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Replying to a question in Lok Sabha, Minister of State for External Affairs V K Singh said the two sides are engaged in talks for construction of nuclear power reactors at Mithi Virdi in Gujarat and Kovvada in Andhra Pradesh.

estimated 130 more nuclear power units will have been built by 2020, the China Daily reported. “But we also face very strong competition in the international nuclear market,” he said. “Countries like Russia, South Korea, Japan and the US are all exploring the global nuclear market aggressively.” Belt and Road destinations are those along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road-the initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping to strengthen regional economic integration and infrastructure connectivity.

In a significant move aimed at putting an end to the contentious nuclear liability issue and and assuage suppliers concerns, India last month had ratified the Convention of Supplementary Compensation (CSC) for Nuclear Damage, marking an important step in addressing matters related to civil nuclear liabilities. India had submitted its Instrument of Ratification for the for CSC to the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA). The Convention will come into force for India with effect from May 4, Singh said.

Inox Wind bags 52 MW order from 2 public sector firms in India

Currently China has 30 nuclear power generating units with a capacity of 28 million gigawatts and another 24 units are under construction, according to data from the National Energy Administration.

ReneSola sells two projects in Bulgaria to Solar World Invest Fund

Inox Wind, a wind energy solutions provider in India, has bagged two orders of 26 MW each from two of India’s leading Public Sector Undertakings. The company has bagged a 26 MW turnkey wind power project to be set up at Mahidad, in the state of Gujarat from Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL).

ReneSola has sold two projects – with capacity of 5 MW and 4.7 MW – at Sliven in Bulgaria to Solar World Invest Fund SIF. ReneSola aims to cut debt by utilizing the proceedings. ReneSola says its Nove ECO and MG Solar power stations have produced attractive cash flows since their completions in the summer of 2012. Xianshou Li, chief executive officer of ReneSola, said: “Our current project development strategy is to build and transfer select projects in order to enhance our cash flow and pay down debt.” ReneSola aims to sell more projects from its 641 MW in pipeline.

Inox Wind has bagged a further 26 MW turnkey order to be set up in Rojmal, Gujarat. The order was awarded by Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL), a leading Public Sector Undertaking engaged in the business of electrical power generation. As part of the two turnkey orders, Inox Wind will supply and install 26 units of its top rated 2MW DFIG 100 rotor diameter Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs). Inox Wind will be responsible for the entire project lifecycle from manufacture and supply of WTGs to erection and commissioning as well as providing long term operations and maintenance services to the two projects. “With the continued thrust that the government is providing to the development of renewable energy in the country, the wind sector in India is expected to be one of the fastest growing,” said Kailash Tarachandani, chief executive officer of Inox Wind.

April 2016

NationalNews

NATIONALNEWS Rajasthan issues Rs 28,400 crore bonds to 26 banks under UDAY scheme Rajasthan has issued Rs 28,455 crore bonds under UDAY scheme, meant for the revival of power distribution companies, to 26 banks at an interest rate of 8.39 per cent. “Congratulations to Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje on issue of UDAY bonds worth Rs 28,455 crore to 26 banks at 8.39 per cent resulting in affordable Power For All,” Power Minister Piyush Goyal tweeted. Centre had launched UDAY scheme in November for revival of power distribution companies across the country, which have cumulative debt of over Rs 4.37 lakh crore. Power Ministry, Rajasthan and its discoms (Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd, Jodhpur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd and Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd) had signed an agreement under the Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) on January 27, for operational and financial turnaround of these utilities. The outstanding debt of the discoms of the state as on September 30, stood at Rs 80,500 crore, out of which 75 per cent or Rs 60,500 crore would be taken over by the state, as envisaged in the scheme. The scheme also provides for the balance debt of Rs 20,000 crore to be repriced or issued as state guaranteed discom bonds, at coupon rates around 3 per cent less than the average existing interest rate

Centre has given Uttar Pradesh Rs 11,500 crore for electrification: Piyush Goyal The Centre has allocated more than Rs 11,000 crore for bringing electricity to every nook and corner of Uttar Pradesh, despite the failure of successive governments in the state to utilize central grants meant for the purpose over the last one decade, Union Power Minister Piyush Goyal said. “The Narendra Modi government has launched two schemes to realize the goal of bringing electricity to every household in the country by 2019. The allocation for UP under these two schemes amounts to nearly 11,500 crore,” Goyal told reporters. He, however, pointed out “electrification has been abysmally slow” in the state over the last one decade despite billions of rupees having been sanctioned by the Centre.

April 2016

“A total sum of Rs 11,715 crore had been sanctioned for the state during the 11th and the 12th Five Year Plans. The state, however, failed to reach even 50 per cent of its intended target,” he said and urged the state government to make full use of the current allocation. Asked about possibility of the BJP making power a major issue in Assembly elections in UP, due in less than a year, Goyal said “Prime Minister Narendra Modi does not believe in treating electricity as a poll plank. He sees power as a necessity in the modern world. Our government works in accordance with the approach”. The Power Minister arrived in the city this morning and prior to addressing the news conference paid a visit to Meja, about 40 km from here, to inspect an upcoming thermal power project besides launching schemes under DDUGJY and IPDS in the district at a cost of about Rs 58.20 crore. He also announced that the Centre has allocated Rs 20 crore for building nine new sub-stations across the district.

Centre allots 4 mines to state power utilities The Coal Ministry has alloted four mines to the state power generation utilities in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Haryana. This assumes significance in the backdrop of the government’s commitment to provide round-the-clock electricity to all in the country. “Allotment letters were issued on February 24 in respect of 4 coal blocks namely Chandrabila, Mahajanwadi, SarapalNuapara and Kalyanpur-Badalpara,” an official said. The official further said that Chandrabila block was alloted to Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd, Mahajanwadi mine was alloted to Maharashtra State Power Generation Co Ltd, Sarapal-Nuapara block was alloted to Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Ltd and Kalyanpur-Badalpara mine was alloted to Haryana Power Generation Corporation Ltd. “Under Rule -04 of the Auction by Competitive Bidding Of Coal Mines Rules, 2012, allotment letters have been issued,” the official added. The Centre had earlier allotted over 40 coal mines to central or state government companies and had auctioned 31 blocks in three tranches. The government had in December last year cancelled the process for fourth round of coal block auctions, which was scheduled for January on account of poor response

NationalNews

from bidders in sectors like steel as well as depressed commodity prices and adverse market conditions. The coal mines that were to be auctioned in the fourth tranche were earmarked for non-regulated sectors, like iron and steel, cement and captive power plants.

India will not achieve 40 GW rooftop solar target with current policies: Report India will not be able to achieve its ambitious target of 40 GW of installed solar rooftop capacity by 2022, if it continues with just the policies and incentives it is currently providing, says a report “Scaling Up Private Investment in Rooftop Solar”, by the Solar Rooftop Policy Coalition, a consortium of the UK Department for International Development, the Climate Group, the Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation and the Nand and Jeet Khemka Foundation.

civil works and erection, testing and commissioning on turnkey basis.

Smart Grids to help provide power to all: Piyush Goyal Power Minister Piyush Goyal today strongly advocated the need for India to adopt smart grids and concepts to improve energy access for ensuring that power reaches all in the country. He asked policymakers and stakeholders to work towards efficient networks to ensure 24X7 affordable energy to every citizen. “Do it smart to do it right. Every dimension of human existence can be transformed with quality power and energy. Smart grids and smart meters are the first step for India to become smart country, Goyal said at the India Smart Grid Week 2016, organised by India Smart Grid Forum.

India plans 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022, of which 40 GW will be on rooftops and the rest, ground projects. The current installed rooftop solar capacity (end-October 2015 figures) is around 0.525 GW. The report predicts that the push the government has been giving this segment will at best raise the figure to 13.5 GW by 2022.

“Smart grids are extremely important to reach to the last man on the bottom of the pyramid. Hence, we need to have innovative solutions that are cost effective, technology- enabled and giving equal opportunity to all. Both technology and quality are non-negotiable for us,” he said.

It sets forth around 50 recommendations for a still harder push which it maintains can almost double capacity to 26 GW by 2002. None of its proposals require additional fiscal commitments from the government for this segment.

The goal is to have smart meters in every establishment and home in India, he said. “This means business opportunity to install 250 million smart meters in the country in next three and half year. We want the smart meters to be priced at Rs 999 or below. For us figure 9 is extremely important as we targeted to make LEDs at Rs 99, we today buy it at much below Rs 99,” the minister added.

“The 40 GW target requires 86% growth each year which is faster than the growth in mobile phone connections in the 2000s,” the report notes. It thereafter ignores the 40 GW figure as a pipedream and concentrates solely on the recommendations to achieve 26 GW.

Haryana recovers Rs 378 crore liquidated damages from Reliance Energy Haryana has recovered liquidated damages of Rs 377.54 crore from Reliance Energy Ltd for delayed completion of the Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Plant at Khedar in Hisar district. Haryana Power Generation Corporation Ltd (HPGCL) has fully recovered liquidated damages slapped on the Reliance Energy, Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar said in the assembly on Friday while replying to a question by leader of opposition Abhay Singh Chautala. He also said the contractor paid for the cost of repair of machines from time to time prior to final taking over of the plant. The question was raised after the Comptroller and Auditor General of India in its latest report on public sector undertakings for 2014-15 said that an undue favour of Rs 229 crore was made to Reliance Energy in the construction of Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Plant (DCRTPP) at Yamunanagar. The auditor in its report noted that HPGCL awarded the contract for construction of two units of 300 MW each to REL in March 2004 at firm price of Rs 2,097 crore, which included supply of machinery and equipment and

EESL to diversify; signs pact with IIFCL for expertise State-run Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) has enlisted IIFCL Projects Ltd for financial and technical expertise on diversification and expansion of business portfolio. Under the partnership deal signed between the two, IIFCL Projects will provide debt syndication services, business development, capacity development services and project management services in order to facilitate better and faster adoption of products of EESL, an official statement said. IIFCL projects will also assist EESL in ideation, create market for new product lines to enhance the business potential of EESL, and modify and develop new strategies for both existing and new product lines. The pact was signed by AK Gupta, director (finance), EESL, and Deepak Kumar Chatterjee, CEO, IIFCL. Speaking on the occasion, EESL’s managing director Saurabh Kumar said, “This memorandum of understanding marks an important step towards our commitment to energy efficiency and tapping potential in every possible sector in the country. We look forward to working more closely with IIFCL and we are very confident that their expertise will help EESL achieve newer heights.”

April 2016

CorporateNews

CORPORATENEWS BHEL commissions second 270 MW thermal unit in Punjab State-run BHEL has commissioned another 270 MW unit at Goindwal Sahib coal-fired power project in Punjab. Within one month of the successful commissioning of a 270 MW thermal generating unit in Punjab, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has commissioned another 270 MW coal-based unit at the same site in the state,” the company said in a statement. The unit has been commissioned at the 2x270 MW Goindwal Sahib coal-fired thermal power project of GVK Power and Infra Limited (GVKPIL), located at Goindwal Sahib city in Tarn Taran district, near Amritsar in Punjab, it added. BHEL’s scope of work in the Goindwal Sahib project envisages design, engineering, manufacture, supply, erection and commissioning of steam turbines, generators, boilers, associated auxiliaries and electricals, besides Controls and Instrumentation (C&I) and Elecrostatic Precipitators (ESPs).

“Rajasthan’s solar programme began six years ago and we never had any problems until the attitude of RVPN suddenly changed three-four months ago,” said a leading developer who did not want to be identified. A flashpoint was reached over a tender for 230 MW of capacity floated by NTPC. Bidders had to provide a guarantee from the discom that grid connectivity would be given promptly once the plant was ready.

The equipment for the project were supplied by various manufacturing units of BHEL located at Trichy, Ranipet, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Haridwar, while the construction work was carried out by the company’s power sector-Northern Region, the statement added.

Dabhol, GMR, GVK, Lanco secure gas under PSDF scheme

Slow pace of grid links irks solar developers

Dabhol, GMR, GVK, Lanco and Gama are among those who have secured around 8 mmscmd of imported gas for running their stranded power projects, which will aid generation of 6.79 billion units electricity.

Trouble may be brewing in Rajasthan, the state with the largest installed solar power capacity in the country, over the pace of providing grid connectivity for new plants. Solar developers are irked over what they allege is the reluctance of the state distribution company to grant them grid connectivity as readily as before. The Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam (RVPN), however, denied this and said such decisions are determined by factors such as plant location and network capacity and proximity. The standoff may threaten Rajasthan’s leadership in solar power generation and its target of achieving 25,000 MW of capacity to harness energy from the sun. The desert state gets the most solar radiation intensity in the country and had an installed capacity of 1,264.35 MW, or about 22% of the national total, as of March 3.

April 2016

The auction conducted by state-run MSTC Ltd for regasified natural gas (R-LNG) started this morning and continued for about two hours. The bidders bid for gas at negative subsidy or premium of up to three paise per unit which will result in earning of Rs 18 crore to the government. The result of the e-auction on MSTC’s website showed that bidding for 7.72 mmscmd was completed successfully which will lead to generation of 6.79 billion units of electricity from April 1 to September 30, 2016. The maximum quantity of 2.35 mmscmd gas was booked by Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Ltd commonly known as Dabhol project followed by Lanco Kondapalli Power at 1.58 mmscmd and GMR Rajahmundry Energy at 1.09 mmscmd.

CorporateNews

EMC Limited bags Rs 1.10 bn order from POWERGRID

Suzlon Energy wins 60 MW in NTPC reverse solar e-auction

EMC Limited has secured a Rs 1.10bn order from Powergrid for setting up 400kV D/C (Quad) Transmission lines of 117 Kms lengths from Cuddapah to Hindupur associated with Transmission System for Ultra Mega Solar Park in Annantapur District of Andhra Pradesh.

NHPC pays government interim dividend of Rs 875 crore State-run NHPC said that it has paid the government an interim dividend of Rs 875.49 crore for fiscal 2015-16. “NHPC Ltd... has paid an interim dividend of Rs 875.49 crore to the Government of India for the financial year 2015-16 in the month of March 2016,” the company said in a statement today. The dividend payout bank advice was presented to Coal and Power Minister Piyush Goyal by NHPC Chairman and Managing Director K M Singh, the statement said. The company’s board in its meeting held on February 10, had declared an interim dividend at the rate of Rs 0.92 per equity share i.e. 9.2 per cent of the face value of share. NHPC has nine lakh shareholders and total interim dividend of Rs 1,018.50 crore has been paid for the year 2015-16 as against a total dividend of Rs 664.25 crore for the fiscal 2014-15, the statement said.

RattanIndia Solar bags 50 MW solar project in Allahabad Rattan India Group firm RattanIndia Solar Ltd has won solar project of 50 MW capacity at Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh. “The project was won at a tariff of Rs 4.43 per unit plus a viability gap funding of Rs 75 lakh per MW in reverse e-auction conducted by Solar Energy Corporation Limited (SECI),” the company said in a press release. According to the statement, overall combined capacity of 440 MW was offered in this bid out of which 50 MW was for Allahabad. The land for the project will be provided by Uttar Pradesh. “RattanIndia has solar projects of more than 240 MW spread across various states of India. All of our solar farms have fully acquired land. Majority of the solar power produced by our projects is being sold to central government entities like NTPC and SECI thus eliminating the risk of payments,” CEO of RattanIndia Solar, Anjali Rattan Nashier said. Earlier, RattanIndia had won 70 MW of solar project in Rajasthan through NTPC and 40 MW of solar project in Maharashtra through SECI. The group is also implementing 10 MW of grid connected solar rooftop projects on CPWD buildings in Delhi and West Bengal which includes important government buildings like The Supreme Court of India and Krishi Bhawan.

Suzlon Energy emerged the big winner in the latest NTPCBSE 0.08 % reverse e-auction for solar projects in Rajasthan, winning 60MW of the 100MW on offer by agreeing to sell power at Rs 5.07 per kwH. The other winners were Janardhan Wind Energy, which got 20MW at Rs 5.06 per kwH and Maharashtra Seamless, which also won 20MW at Rs 5.07 per kwH. This marks the second successful bid into solar for Suzlon, originally a wind power equipment heavyweight. Late last year, it won a 210MW solar power project in Telangana. The latest auction was held under the domestic content requirement (DCR) quota. Under this, developers have to source solar modules compulsorily from domestic manufacturers. Locally made modules are more expensive than Chinese or Malaysian imports, which the bulk of solar developers in India use. Also, developers wil Also, developers will have to locate and acquire land on their own for the projects. These conditions appear to have pushed up the tariff. The lowest winning bid for a solar project so far has been that of Rs 4.34 per kwH by Finland-headquartered Fortum Finnsurya in January, to develop 70MW of capacity. In that case, NTPC had offered assured land at the Bhadla Solar Park in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. Also, there was no domestic sourcing requirement.

Power Grid approves Rs 885 crore to boost transmission, capacity Central utility Power Grid Corporation of India said its board has approved a total investment of Rs 885 crore in projects to strengthen transmission and augment transformation capacity. The board gave nod for “investment approval for strengthening of transmission system in India for transfer of power from Mangdechhu hydroelectric Project in Bhutan at an estimated cost of Rs 808.63 crore, with a commissioning schedule of 22 months progressively from the date of investment approval...,” the company said in a BSE filing. The board of directors at its meeting gave “investment approval for augmentation of transformation capacity at Mainpuri and Sikar at an estimated cost of Rs 76.48 crore, with commissioning schedule of 24 months from the date of investment approval”.

April 2016

April2016 2014 April

57 89

April 2014 April 2016

ERDANews

216 kV Surge Arrester Under Dielectric Tes

120 kV Surge Arrester Under RIV Test

Training Calendar – 2016 ERDA’s State-of-the-Art Facility for Evaluation of Lightning Arresters

Sr. No.

Programme title

Date

Safety & Performance Evaluation of Low Voltage Switchgears

9-10 June

Performance Evaluation o f Solid Insulation Materials

23-24 June

Design Aspects and Performance Evaluation of Motors & Pumps

14-15 July

Condition Monitoring and Health Assessment of Power Transformers

21-22 July

Evaluation of Lightning Arresters in Laboratory:

Quality Assurance of Wiring Accessories – Switches, Plugs and Sockets

4-5 August

Safety & Performance Evaluation of Transformers as per IS:1180 and IS:2026

30-31 August

Measurement of Reference Current and Reference Voltage upto 400 kV Class

Measurement of Impulse Residual Voltage upto 400 kV Class

uu uu

Lightning arresters are critical elements for power system protection against voltage surges due to lightning and switching. ERDA’s high voltage laboratory has state-ofthe-art facilities for evaluating the quality and reliability of lightning arrestors as per IS: 3070 & IEC: 60099. ERDA undertakes evaluation of lightning arresters in the laboratory and also conducts online condition assessment of these devices at site as per following details:

Calibration of High Voltage Parameters

8 September

Residual Life Assessment, Mechanical Vibration Diagnostics & Failure Investigations

22-23 September

Measurement of Partial Discharges up to 66 kV Class

Dielectric Test Facility of Lightning Arresters Housing upto 400 kV Class

Safety & Performance Evaluation of 6-7 October Cables & Accessories

Accelerated Ageing Test on ZnO Blocks, at MCOV

Weather Ageing Test upto 33 kV Class

Condition Assessment Services for Lightning Arresters at Site: uu

Online Measurement of 3rd Harmonic Resistive Leakage Current

Based on the measured leakage current, condition of the lightning arresters can be checked. Faulty arresters or premature failure of the arresters can thus be prevented. This service is provided to various utilities and industries on regular basis.

High Voltage Evaluation Techniques

20-21 October

11 EMI/EMC Evaluation Techniques for Electronic Equipment & Machinery

10-11 November

12 Condition Monitoring of Motors, Generators, Pumps & Turbines

24-25 November

13 Uncertainty Measurement in Electrical Discipline

8-9 December

14 Industrial Energy Audits & PG Test Techniques

15-16 December

Dr G S Grewal Dy. Director & Head Mechanical & Insulating Materials Division Phone: 0265-3048027, Mobile: 9978940951 E-mail: gurpreet.grewal@erda.org, Website: www.erda.org

April 2016

CPRINews

Type Tests (to be conducted on one unit) a) Lightning impulse test b) Temperature-rise test c) Short-circuit withstand test (up to 200 kVA). d) Pressure test

Special Tests (to be conducted on one unit, shall be carried out by mutual agreement between the user and the supplier) a) Determination of sound levels b) Short-circuit withstand test (above 200 kVA)

Cpriâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Role In Testing Of Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers For Issue Of Bis License Department of Heavy Industry, Govt. of India has issued a quality control order stating that all the distribution transformer manufacturers have to undergo BIS registration / license in order to sell any distribution transformer as per latest IS 1180 (Part 1) : 2014 standard with effect from 1st February 2015. As per the energy conservation act BIS has come up with latest IS 1180 standard which takes care of the energy conservation in distribution transformers up to and including 2500kVA 3 phase 33kV class and single phase up to 25kVA rating. For BIS to grant license to all the distribution transformer manufacturers, BIS has come up with new guidelines dated 20th November 2015. According to IS 1180 (Part 1):2014 all distribution transformers have to undergo all routine tests and each unit of particular design and rating shall undergo type and special tests as mentioned below.

Routine Tests (to be conducted on all units) a) Measurement of winding resistance b) Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement c) Measurement of short-circuit impedance (principal tapping, when applicable) and load loss at 50 percent and 100 percent load d) Measurement of no-load loss and current e) Measurement of insulation resistance f) Induced over-voltage withstand test g) Separate-source voltage withstand test h) Pressure test i) Oil leakage test

c) No load current at 112.5 percent voltage d) Paint adhesion tests. The test is performed as per ASTM D3359 e) BDV and moisture content of oil in the transformer Manufacturers will approach BIS for grant of license. In turn BIS will do inspection at manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s place and seal the transformer and send it to BIS accredited Labs for carrying out routine tests, type tests and special tests. CPRI offers 60% discount for all the manufacturers who comes for testing of distribution transformers under BIS licensing. CPRI has full-fledged testing facilities to carry out all the tests on distribution transformers as per the latest IS 1180 (Part 1): 2014 standard at Bangalore and Bhopal units.

Grounding system studies The Distribution systems division of CPRI can carry out grounding studies for various utilities like Generating Stations, EHV Substations, various industries and also upcoming solar parks. In-house developed software is available for ground mat design and is used by various utilities.

Consultancy studies in the area of grounding system are: uu Earth Mat Design for the switchyard, Generating Station and for dedicated laboratories like High Voltage Laboratories, Radar System etc. uu Soil Resistivity measurement at site uu Earth Resistance measurement at site uu Adequacy check of Grounding System uu Step and Touch Potential Measurement at site uu Soil Resistivity investigation for Ground Electrode site of HVDC projects uu Long term measurement of Earth Electrode resistance of special electrodes to check the stability of filling material.

April 2016

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Seminars&Fairs

The PRB Coal Users’ Group Annual Meeting April 18-21, 2016 New Orleans, LA

For generating companies using or considering the utilization of sub-bituminous Powder River Basin coal is held in conjunction with ELECTRIC POWER each year. Topics include handling/storage, combustion, environment issues and fire protection.

Platts 31st Annual Global Power Markets April 18-20, 2016 Las Vegas, NV

Digital Utilities Europe 2016 May 11-12, 2016 (Conference) London, UK

The conference will bring together the key industry stakeholders to address the current challenges of the digitisation in the utility sector and give you insights on business cases, financial aspects and technological advancements in the industry.

Plant Management Institute (PMI)April 18-21, 2016 (Conference) New Orleans, LA

Co-located with ELECTRIC POWER and is a network of electric power industry leaders dedicated to creating a forum and peer support network for knowledge transfer among the industry’s plant management.

The ELECTRIC POWER Conference & Exhibition April 18-21, 2016 (Conference) April 18-20, 2016 (Exhibition) New Orleans, LA

All-Energy

As the official event of POWER magazine, the ELECTRIC POWER Conference + Exhibition is a platform for power generation companies to come together in one place to address current industry trends and the challenges confronting power plant professionals today.

It’s a

chance to go beyond the pages of POWER and interact with key stakeholders.

April 2016

All-Energy is scheduled to be held in Glasgow on May 4-5, 2016. It has firmly established itself as the UK’s leading renewable energy exhibition and conference. Each edition, All-Energy brings together the latest technologies and thought leaders worldwide. Exhibiting at All-Energy will be a unique opportunity to connect with new customers, increase your sales opportunities and expand your business networks in this fast changing marketplace.

ProductShowcase

solution for harmonic mitigation which is “ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER”. In view of global customer demand M/S EPCOS has launched “PQSine Series of Active Harmonic Filter” which is the Power Optimiser. PQSine not only offers harmonic elimination from grid but also does the reactive power compensation and balances the load as well. It has the fastest response time, lowest life cycle cost, modularity and unique feature of ‘Grid Resonance Detection and Protection’. The HMI offers user friendly menu navigation and easier programming mode alongwith choice of selective harmonic cancellation.

PhaseCap Super Heavy Duty Capacitor

“Power & Harmonics Analyzer Under BEE’s PAT Scheme (Perform, Achieves & Trade) for Eight Industrial Sectors mandated to compulsorily improve their Energy Efficiency by adopting all the available measures including replacement of their old Equipments with New and Energy Efficient Equipments MECO “POWER & HARMONICS ANALYZER – Model 5850” is a state of art versatile instrument using micro controller technology, Ideal to carry out Vigilance checks, Surveys, Audits and Periodic Visits for checking at Industrial and Consumers end. The measurements can be done on Live loads. Useful to Analysis for 1 & 3 Phase Quality Power System. Large Dot Matrix LCD Display with Backlight of 35 Parameters in screen to monitor Energy, Active Power, Apparent Power & Reactive Power, Power Factor, Energy, TRU RMS Value, AC Current, and Average & Maximum Demand with Programmable Time Interval & CTR & PTR. Displays Individual Harmonics of Voltage & Current upto the 99th Order, THD with Waveform & Peak value.

Active Harmonic Filter EPCOS India Private Ltd. a group company of TDK Corporation, is a leader in PFC Capacitor and passive components across globe With the global industrial revolution, there is substantial increase in the usage of electronics and non-linear devices. This has led to increase of harmonics in the grid. Even though the usage of passive filters has limitations on harmonic filtering, M/S EPCOS identified the need to cater the market with superior

Our new PhaseCap Super Heavy Duty capacitor is one of product originated through the same efforts having state of art technology with lowest losses (≤0.45 Watt/ KVAr). While achieving the best inrush current handling capacity (500x IR) and life of 200,000 operating hours (-5/D) in arduous temperature condition (temp class -40/60ºC), we have kept the dimension as compact as possible to save customer money and space. Of course safety comes always 1st hence we ensure the same with three phase over pressure disconnector which is 1st of its kind.

Automatic Power Factor Correction Controller The product developed looking at the customer demand of power factor controller (also known as regulator) which should take care power factor correction and displays basic parameters of APFC. Specially developed BR4000ET controller which is defined as basic but allows customer to save more money as it displays PF up to 3rd decimal and has accuracy of 2% in Reactive power management. Whereas it has accuracy of 1% in voltage and current measurement. It also has software protection for various critical parameters of APFC. Of course harmonics measurement is not supposed to have in basic controller but being market leader, we have embedded total harmonic distortion display function.

April 2016

IEEMA Publications

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Elroma 2012 (Electrical Rotating Machines] [Print & CD combined]

2500

Ieema Directory 2016(Printed + CD Combined)

1500

Cablewire 2011 (Print +Pen Drive Combined)

2500

Elecrama Directory 2016(Printed & CD Combined)

1000

Metering India 2011 (Meter)

2500

100

Metering India 2013 (Meter)

2500

Insulec 2009 (Insulating Material)

2000

Insulec 2015 (Insulating Material)

2500

Capacit 2010 (Capacitors)

2500

Trafotech 2010 (Transformer)

2500

Trafotech 2014 (Transformer)

2500

Trafotech Compendium (1982 2006)

2500

Tech IT - 2010 (Instrument Transformer)

2500

Tech IT - 2014 (Instrument Transformer)

2500

Capacit Compendium (1986 To 2010) (DVD)

2500

Insulec Compendium (1980 To 2009) (DVD)

2500

Cablewire Compendium (1983 To 2008) (DVD)

2500

Elroma Compendium (1983 TO 2008) (DVD)

2500

Swicon Compendium (1984 TO 2008) (DVD)

2500

Intelect Directory 2015 Reverse Buyer Seller Meet Directory 2016

Only For Reference

IEEMA Guidelines IEEMA Guidelines for Testing of Surge Arresters

100

IEEMA Surge Arrester Industry Report

100

IEEMA Recommendation on Technical Specification for Instrument Transformer

150

Power Transformaer Standardization Manual

1000

Research Reports IEEMA FTA Report

5000

IEEMA PWC Industry Status Report- 2010 -2011

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Demand Assessment of Electrical Euipment (7 Sector)

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50000

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Engineer 2016_Volume 1

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Engineer 2016_Volume 2

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IEEMA Journal

Coffee Table Book

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Swicon 2011(Switchgear & Controlgear) [CD ]

2500

Two Year Subscription

1800

Swicon 2015 (Pen Drive)

2500

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2400

100

April 2016