Ieema Journal Jan 2017 by IEEMA

From the President’s Desk

Dear Friends, It is a known fact that technology can help in enhancing supply of energy at affordable price and deliver it efficiently and sustainably. However, the real challenge lies in creation of a conducive environment for R&D to flourish. The country so far has been in the fore front of technology deployment but not development. Hence a proactive policy approach for technology induction must be in place. New technologies always provide new business opportunities. Thus to leverage this opportunity, IEEMA in partnership with IEEE has planned the INTELECT 2017 - the 2nd edition of IEEE-IEEMA Conference & Exposition with a concurrent show on power distribution – DistribuELEC, from 23-25 January 2017 at India Expo Centre, Noida, UP. DistribuELEC is a first of its kind exposition on Power Distribution in India. This exhibition will showcase the latest power distribution Equipment & Technology, products & services, ranging from 220V to 33000V. The ambitious target of 24 x 7 electricity requires sustainable and cost effective solutions for the Distribution Sector. The present government’s commitment towards power distribution sector is reflected in the successful implementation of initiatives like UDAY, DDUGJY, IPDS and DELP. “INTELECT 2017” is designed to draw builders, architects, city planners, energy and government officials, transportation industry representatives, venture capitalists, utilities, contractors, consultants, academia, interested in forging partnership and learning about new technological advancements and knowledge to smart electricity. IEEMA members present in this space, will be showcasing cutting-edge innovations and future technologies on Digital Smart Cities, Smart Rural Electrification, including smart solutions for H3O – Home, Hotel, Hospital & Office – a term spanning the end-to-end application of energy in our society. “INTELECT 2017” is supported by the Ministry of Power, Government of India, National Smart Grid Mission (NSGM), Central Bureau of Irrigation and Power (CBIP), National Power Training Institute (NPTI), The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) and IET. It is indeed very heartening to note that the state of Madhya Pradesh has joined our endeavor as Partner State. As promising as it sounds, INTELECT is also a platform to translate many of the proven global concepts in smart energy management into workable business opportunities for India. As we prepare to embark on the next phase of double-digit growth and development, this is a bus that few of us can afford to miss! Look forward to meeting you at INTELECT 2017.

Sanjeev Sardana

January 2017

Samvaad...

Dear Members, As the year comes to close, I am tempted to look back at the challenges and achievements of IEEMA in the year gone by, and to look forward, to see what still needs to be accomplished. The year started on an exciting note while we inaugurated ELECRAMA at Bengaluru with a galaxy of luminaries from the country and also from outside. This was followed by specialised international conferences spread across the year, prominent being Surgepotech, Trafotech and T&D Conclave. A new initiative was taken by the eastern region of IEEMA in shape of a new exhibition with a concurrent conference titled E3. This initiative to “Empower Energize East” was a grand success in its first edition. Another initiative worth mentioning are the twin workshops on SME at Mumbai and New Delhi titled “Sustainable growth through SME empowerment”. The year 2016 also saw a resurgence of training programmes for membership. A well-researched and structured calendar produced 25 training workshops and 34 factory visits both for members and the secretariat. IEEMA participated in Middle East Electricity and Africa Utility Week in the course of the year. Interaction with delegations from China, Japan, Canada, Sri Lanka, Thailand and South Africa also happened during the year. IEEMA was instrumental in facilitating smooth implementation of Quality Control order on transformers and is presently working on the BEE star rating notification. Ample work for the newly constituted distribution transformer division of IEEMA. On public policy two major achievements were the CEA advisory in May this year, to all Central and State Power sector utilities to follow domestic competitive bidding for domestically funded projects, and two part bidding system in national interest. Similarly, the department of Heavy Industries in its National Capital Goods Policy has done electrical equipment industry more than justice. The year also signed 4 MoU’s with South African Electrotechnical Export Council, National Power Training Institute, Central Board of Irrigation and National Smart Grid Mission. These partnerships are expected to yield advantage to IEEMA members. The challenge remains to reorient the Mission Plan for Indian Electrical Equipment Industry 2012-22 to the changing environment, where emphasis on renewables and micro grids is going to create new challenges and opportunities. The environment is also posing new threats with intelligence in the grid, hence subject of cyber security has gained prominence in current times. Happy and Prosperous New year to my readers.

Sunil Misra

January 2017

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL INSULATION TECHNOLOGY Electrical Insulation Industry in India is Rs.1200 crore industry and forms a vital link in the fast growing Rs.50,000 crore electrical equipment Industry. Availability of trained personnel with specialized knowledge of Insulation Technology is the need of the day. Although the role of electrical insulation is critical for functioning of all electrical equipment; there is no university or Institute offering any education in this area. To bridge this gap, IEEMA along with well known institutes like uICT (formerly UDCT), VJTI and ERDA has taken the initiative of offering a specialized proficiency Diploma course in Electrical Insulation Technology.

DATE OF COMMENCING THE COURSE – JULY 2017 LAST DATE FOR ENROLLING – 28TH FEBRUARY 2017 DURATION – 1 YEAR FEE STRUCTURE STUDENTS INDIVIDUALS / PROFESSIONALS CORPORATE

RS. 7,500/RS. 20,000/RS. 25,000/-

For details, contact Mr Seetharaman K Email id – k.seetharaman@ieema.org Telephone – 080 2220 1316 / 18

January 2017

APPOINTMENTS Mr SS Ramesh Roy appointed Directort (Technical-LWR), Dr PV Babu appointed CMD, Rural NPCIL Electrification Corporation of India

Distinguished Scientist S Singha Roy has been appointed Dr PV Ramesh(Technical-LWR) Babu, IAS (AP 85), in thePower cadre as Director of presently the Nuclear Corporation of India Limited. He will be holding the post has been appointed as Chairman & Managing Director, till the date of his superannuation, or until further orders. Rural Electrification Corporation of India, Ministry of Power, the CentralDirector Staffing Scheme. Mr SK under Jha appointed (P & M), MIDHANI The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has Ms Girija the Vaidyanathan Chief of Secretary approved proposal of appointed the Department Defence Production for appointment of Mr S K Jha to the post of of Tamil Nadu Director (Production & Marketing) in Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ms Girija Vaidyanathan, Additional Chief Secretary Limited (MIDHANI), Hyderabad for a period of five years. and Commissioner of Land Administration, has been Mr UC Muktibodh appointed Director appointed Chief Secretary of Tamil Nadu(Technical), in place of P. NPCIL Rama Mohana Rao, a Government Order said. She is a Distinguished been 1981-batch IAS Scientist officer. SheUC will Muktibodh also hold fullhas additional appointed as Director (Technical) and of the Nuclear Power charge of Vigilance Commissioner Commissioner for Corporation of India Limited. Administrative Reforms.

Mr Chinmoy Gangopadhyay selected as Director Mr NageshPFC Singh appointed Additional Secretary, (Project), Department of Rural Development Chinmoy Gangopadhyay has been selected for the post

of Director (Project) in the Power Finance Corporation Mr Nagesh Singh, IES (82), Chief Economic Adviser, Limited (PFC) by the Public Enterprises Selection Board Ministry of Rural Development has been appointed as (PESB). Additional Secretary, Department of Rural Development, Arno Harris joins Azure Power’s Board of Ministry of Rural Development.

Directors Mr Sanjiv Mittal appointed Azure Power, India’s leadingAdditional solar power company, announced the appointment of Arno Harris, Former Secretary, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Founder, CEO and Chairman of Recurrent Energy, one Implementation of North America’s leading utility-scale solar project

developers, as an independent director. Mr Sanjiv Mittal, IDAS (84), has been appointed as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Govt. announces several Additional SecretaryImplementation against the vacancy on appointment of level appointments Shri Dinesh Singh, IAS (UP 82) as Secretary, Department The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) of Landapproved Resources.several Additional Secretary-level has

Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food Mr Anshu appointed Secretary and Public Prakash Distribution vice Mr.Additional G. Gurucharan, IAS & Financial Adviser, Department of Rural Devlpt. (KN:1982) on his appointment as Secretary (Performance Management), Cabinet Secretariat. Mr Anshu Prakash, IAS (AGMUT 86), has been appointed Mr. Rajani Ranjan Rashmi, IAS (MN:1983), Additional as Additional Secretary & Financial Adviser, Department Secretary, Department of Commerce, Ministry of of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development. Commerce and Industry has been appointed as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest Mr BS Bhullar appointed DGCA and Climate Change vice Mr. Hem Kumar Pande, IAS Mr B.S. Bhullar, (UP 86), as has been appointed as (WB:1982) on his IAS appointment Secretary, Department Director General, Civil Aviation, in the rank and pay of of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs. Additional Secretary, by keeping the RRs for the post in Mr. Girish Chandra Murmu, IAS (GJ:1985), Additional abeyance. Secretary, Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance has been appointed as Additional Secretary, Mr Yaduvendra Mathur appointed Additional Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance Secretary, NITI Aayog vice Ms. Snehlata Shrivastava, IAS (MP:1982) on her appointment as Secretary, Department Justice, Mr Yaduvendra Mathur, IAS (RJ 86), has been of appointed Ministry of Law and Justice. as Additional Secretary, NITI Aayog vice Shri Alok Kumar, IAS (AM 84). The officerIAS would assume charge the post Ms. Amita Prasad, (KN:1985), Joint of Secretary, on completion of his tenure as CMD, EXIM Bank. Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation has been appointed as Additional Mr DeepakMinistry Agarwal appointed Noida Secretary, of Environment, ForestCEO and Climate Change vice Mr. Susheel Kumar, IAS (UP:1982) on The Uttar Pradesh government has designated Deepak his appointment as Secretary (Border Management), Agarwal, CEO of Greater Noida Industrial Development Ministry of Home Affairs. Authority (GNIDA), as the CEO of Noida Authority. Until Mr. Jha, was IAS (MN:1984), Additional now,Nikhilesh P K Agarwal officiating as the CEOSecretary, of Noida Ministry Resources, River Development Authority.ofHeWater had been given charge of Noida after and the Ganga Rejuvenation has been appointed Additional Uttar Pradesh government relieved seniorasIAS officer Secretary and from Financial Adviser, Department Food and Rama Raman the post on August 25 thisofyear. Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution vice Mr. Prabhas KumarEnergy Jha, IAS Mr Sanjay Baweja appointed CFO, Suzlon (UP:1982) on his appointment as Secretary, Ministry of Suzlon EnergyAffairs. has appointed Sanjay Baweja as its Chief Parliamentary Financial Officer with effect from December 19, 2016. The Mr. U P Singh, IAS (OR:1985), Additional Secretary, Board of Directors of the company at its meeting held Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas as Additional on December 16, 2016, has approved the appointment Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development of Sanjay as thevice Chief and GangaBaweja Rejuvenation Mr.Financial NikhileshOfficer Jha. of the Company, with effect from December 19, 2016, Suzlon Energy informed BSE.

appointments, including that of Ms. Shalini Prasad as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Power. Mr Rabindra Panwar appointed Additional

VACANCIES S Padmanabhan appointed Additional Director,

Secretary & Financial Ministry of Home Ms. Prasad, an Indian Adviser, Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1985 batch (Uttar Pradesh cadre), presently Affairs in her cadre, will succeed Mr. Badri Narain Sharma, IAS (RJ:1985) on Panwar, his appointment as Additional Secretary, Mr Rabindra IAS (BH 85), has been appointed Department Revenue, & Ministry of Finance. as AdditionalofSecretary Financial Adviser, Ministry of An official press release that on Ms.appointment Madhulika of P Home Affairs against the said vacancy Sukul, IDAS (1982), presently in her cadre, has been Smt Sanjeevani Kutty, IAS (MH 83) as Secretary, Border appointed as Additional Secretary, Department of Management, Ministry of Home Affairs.

Bureau Energy director Efficiency (BEE) is a atstatutory body who wasofexecutive of operations the company under the Ministry of Power has invitedon applications until 2014, as an additional director the board,from the the officersinformed of Central the or State Governments holding is a post company bourses. Padmanabhan the not below the rank of Deputy the Government Executive Chairman of Tata Secretary Business to Excellence Group of the been parentrecently cadre for the post as of the Secretary in andIndia hasinalso appointed head of Bureau of Energy Efficiency on deputation basis group for human resources for Tata Sons.

18 18

Bureau of Energy Efficiency Tata Power Post: Secretary Tata Power Company has brought back S Padmanabhan,

June2017 2016 January

Face2Face

No coal based capacity addition is required during the years 2017-22 : Mr SD Dubey Mr SD Dubey, Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power speaks to IEEMA Journal on numerous issues pertaining to the power sector and initiatives being undertaken during his tenure as Chairperson CEA. With over 37 years of service in different capacities dedicated to hydro power development in India and abroad including transmission and distribution at various voltage levels, Mr Dubey retired as CEA, Chairperson on December 31st 2016. Just prior to his retirement we got a rare opportunity to talk to him and discuss issues concerning the power sector. Talking about his tenure at coveted post Mr Dubey said, “It has been very challenging, promising and satisfactory journey as far as my contribution to the power sector is concerned. In fact I have a experience of all facets of power sector whether it is design engineering, planning, policy formulation, construction, grid operation and distribution. Sharing his experience about the initial challenges faced by the power sector he opined, “Off course there was a challenge because the power sector was in a different mode, the supply was less but the demand was much higher but now at this juncture we have gone to a different level where we have surplus supply. Now India will no more be called power deficient country so that’s really a great achievement India has done and with induction of so much renewable in the system I feel the prices of power will go down and we are confident that in the

coming years India will be among the best countries in the world as far as green power is concerned.” With the integration of large scale renewable energy sources, the Central Electricity Authority is planning to modify the standards of the power plants and power equipment. Mr Dubey replied, “In view of large-scale induction of renewable energy sources, we are going to modify and revise the standards of construction, operations and maintenance of power plants, including thermal, hydro and renewable along with grid operations and others. In regard to new standardisation, the authority has completed consultations and deliberations with all stakeholders and comments from stakeholders are to be incorporated. Along with that we are also amending our safety standard because that is very important. In the 12th Plan period, 40 per cent of power projects were super critical, but from the 13th Plan period and beyond, most of the thermal plants will be based on super-critical technology as well as ultra-critical technology. Power plants with an aggregated capacity between 22,000 MW to 30,000 MW either have no fuel linkages or have fuel linkages but no power purchase agreements, he said.” Sharing details of the 13th national electricity plan, Mr Dubey articulated, “Incremental energy savings due to implementation of various energy saving measures, during the year 2016-17, 2021-22 and 2026-27 are estimated to be 26 BU, 137 BU and 204 BU respectively over the year 2015-16. The projected Peak Demand is 235 GW and Energy requirement is 1,611 BU (after considering DSM measures) at the end of year 2021- 22 which is around 17% and 15.4 % lower than the corresponding projections made by 18th Electric Power Survey (EPS) report. 11. The projected Peak Demand is 317 GW and Energy requirement is 2132 BU at the end of year 2026-27 which is around 20.7% and 21.3% lower than the corresponding projections made by 18th EPS report. 12. Considering capacity addition from Gas – 4,340 MW, Hydro 15,330 MW, Nuclear -2800 MW and RES – 1,15,326 MW as committed capacity during 2017-22, the study reveals that no coal based capacity addition is required during the years 2017-22.” “However, a total capacity of 50,025 MW coal based power projects is currently under different stages of construction and are likely to yield benefits during the period 2017-22. Thereby, the total capacity addition during 2017-22 is likely to be 1,87,821 MW. 13. The study result for the period 2017-22 indicated that no

January 2017

Face2Face

coal based capacity addition is required. The Renewable Energy Generation will contribute about 20.3 % and 24.2 % of the total energy requirement in 2021-22 and 2026-27 respectively. 16. No power plant has reported generation loss due to coal shortage during 2015-16.” “Adequate manufacturing facilities exist in India for main plant equipment. However, lack of orders is a concern of all equipment manufacturers. 22. The total fund requirement for generation capacity addition is estimated to be Rs.10,33,375 crores during the period 2017-2022 which includes the funds required for RES capacity addition, as well as the expenditure done during this period on the projects coming up during the years 2022-27. 23. The total fund requirement for the period 2022-27 is estimated to be Rs. 6,05,965 crores but does not include advance action for projects coming up during the period 2027-2032.” On the removal of 25MW renewable cap on hydro projects he said, “At present, small hydro projects of up to 25 MW are considered as renewable energy and are eligible for various incentives under different schemes of the government. Government is considering reclassifying large hydro power plants as renewable projects. Removing the distinction between small project (up to 25 MW) and large hydro project can help India projecting that its installed renewable energy capacity would be 225 GW by 2022 It is only in India where hydro projects below 25 MW are considered renewable and those above are considered non-renewable. Talking about the initiatives being undertaken by him he said, “ we have brought some best practices in after Hydro Project Appraisal, Hydro Engineering and Renovation & Modernisation, Hydro Project Monitoring, Hydro Planning and Investigation, Hydro Engineering & Technology Development.” Also sharing his overall stint in the power sector he said, “ With over 37 years of service in different capacities dedicated to hydro power development in India and abroad . Prior to my present assignment as Chairperson, Member (Power System) & Member (Hydro) in CEA, I was Chief Engineer in Hydro Wing looking after Hydro Power Development in India and neighbouring countries. I was also deputed to Royal Government of Bhutan for over five years and was responsible for construction, operation and maintenance of Tala HE Project (1020 MW) and execution of Punatsangchu-I (1200 MW) and Punatsangchu-II (1020 MW) HE projects including associated transmission, subtransmission and distribution systems. I also worked with the Government of Bihar for about five years to plan and implement various hydro projects in the State which are presently in operation. On the government’s vision of 24X7 power to all he said, “See the government is estimated to spend around $250bn over the next five years in order to connect the entire nation to the grid. We can see a situation where there will be 24x7 power for all businesses, all homes, all offices right through the length and breadth of India.” ▪

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January 2017

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CoverStory

Januay 2017

CoverStory

Januay 2017

Trafotech2016 Life Management of Transformers

22nd -23rd November 2016, New Delhi

EEMA Power and Distribution Transformer Divisions jointly organised the 2nd TRAFOTECH Workshop on 22nd-23rd November at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on Life Management of Transformers. The first TRAFOTECH Workshop was held in 2012 focussing best practices of Transport, Storage, Installations and Maintenance of Transformers. Encouraged with the success of 2012 TRAFOTECH Workshop and continuing with user centric approach, IEEMA Power and Distribution Transformer Divisions jointly organised the 2nd TRAFOTECH Workshop 2016. The workshop was supported by Central Electricity Authority.

The seminar was inaugurated by Chief Guest, Mr S D Dubey, Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority and Mr Rajeev Sharma, Chairman, Power Finance Corporation was Guest of Honour. The number of delegates participated in the Workshop were about 434 and out of that 170 were from utilities and Government which has surpassed the earlier TRAFOTECH Workshop figures. The participants were across all section of stakeholders from Utilities, PSUs, Electricity Regulators, Testing and Research Institutes, Consultants, Utility service providers, Manufacturers of Transformers and Policy makers etc.

Mr Manjit Singh Sethi, Chairman IEEMA Power Transformer Division in his welcome address said that “IEEMA Transformer Division conducts this TRAFOTECH Conference every four years which discusses the state of the art of design latest development trend in materials and also the best practices in manufacturing Welcome Address by of Transformers, in Mr Manjit Singh Sethi, Chairman manufacturing testing Power Transformer Division diagnostics and other & Chairman TRAFOTECH Organising Committee condition monitoring of Transformers. The transformer product life cycle does not end with their design, manufacturing, R&D and successful testing but infact, starts at site with erection testing and commissioning because that solves a very important part in the life cycle so users more concerned about these aspects to manage the intended life of transformers. He further said that decision was taken by IEEMA transformer division to conduct the Trafotech workshop in the mid period of consecutive for Trafotech conferences devoted entirely to the users and also to address the site operational issues faced by the industry and utilities for transformers. The first workshop was conducted in 2012 in Delhi focusing on the best practices of transportation storage installation and maintenance of Transformers. The second Trafotech workshop which is this is

From (Left to Right ) Mr Manjit Singh Sethi, Chairman IEEMA Power Transformer Division & Chairman, TRAFOTECH Organising Committee during the welcome address, Mr Imteyaz Siddiqui, Regional Area Manager, ISA Advance instruments India Pvt. Ltd. & Master of Ceremony, Mrs. Indra P. Menon, Vice President IEEMA, Mr Rajeev Sharma, CMD, Power Finance Corporation, Guest of Honour, Mr S.D.Dubey, Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority, Chief Guest TRAFOTECH Workshop 2016, Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President IEEMA, Mr Sunil Misra, DG, IEEMA and Mr Vikrant Joshi, Chairman Technical Committee, Power Transformer Division.

January 2017

Trafotech2016

From (L to R) Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President IEEMA, Mrs. Indra P. Menon, Vice President IEEMA, Mr Vikrant Joshi, Chairman IEEMA Technical Committee, Power Transformer Division.; Mr Manjit Singh Sethi, Chairman Power Transformer Division & Chairman, TRAFOTECH Organising Committee, Mr Rajeev Sharma, CMD, PFC, Guest of Honour, Mr Sunil Misra, DG, IEEMA; Mr S.D.Dubey, Chairperson, CEA, Chief Guest TRAFOTECH Workshop 2016 during the inaugural ceremony

being organized on the theme of life management of Transformers the workshop it shall be conducted in six technical sessions beside the inaugural and concluding session where 50 papers and case studies will be discussed during the workshops and he is sure that their deliberation on Question & Answers session which will be of interest and enriching to all the participants. Mr Sunil Misra, Director General, IEEMA during his address said “This is a very important subject and wherever there is an interaction either with the state utility or the central utility or the central government related to power industry or with the secretary energy or with the political leadership this subject very often Address by Mr Sunil Misra, comes up about the Director General, IEEMA upkeep and the life management of Transformers and in particular reference to distribution transformers. I think in the course of the day and the course of this workshop these issues will be discussed intelligently and I am sure solutions will also be found to contemporary problems. An important development within IEEMA which has happened most of you are aware about that we earlier had only one transformer division and it was primarily addressing the needs of Power Transformers. The need was felt to have a separate division for distribution transformers and It was needed for a long time but as things happen in fullness of time. We have now instituted a separate distribution transformer division

January 2017

which is led by a very energetic team led by Mr Pawan Jain, Chairman, Distribution Transformer Division. They have already started the activity there’s a lot of in the higher energy levels and gusto. I compliment them for doing the sterling work in the last six months of the existence of that division. And now IEEMA has a physical presence of its Secretariat in thirteen states and we have four physical offices. Plus we have added nine more states where there is only one resident representative to begin with and this is a very key development because we are now able to engage with the state utilities and also with the state governments who are relevant to us with a much more deeper engagement and I would like the membership present in various states to please take advantage of that through the division. Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA said that “I feel privileged on the occasion of the inaugural function of the 2nd edition of IEEMA TRAFOTECH 2016 Workshop to address this august and large gathering of the global Transformer fraternity. For any country, the availability of electricity Address by Mr Sanjeev is directly linked to its Sardana, President, IEEMA GDP, India being no exception. Growth of the Indian electrical industry and its investment appeal primarily depends on government policies for timely capacity additions and reducing the electricity demandsupply gap.

Trafotech2016

Today we have surplus power in the country due to availability of coal, however the major challenge is to ensure that the power produced reaches the end consumer. The present government is focused on expanding and improving the T & D infrastructure in the country and plugging the AT&C losses through various initiatives, notably among them are DDUGJY, IPDS and UDAY. The government is expected to pump a substantial amount of investment in the sector through these initiatives. Other than the central and state utilities plans for capacity addition, private sector investment is also expected to have a profound influence on the development of the electrical equipment industry. Also, ageing equipment is creating potential for a booming replacement market and this demand will be sustained by the growth in industrial demand. The demands driving the transformer market are dependent on urbanization, electrification of villages and infrastructural developments within the country. With India leap-frogging into the future, this market is likely to grow at a much faster pace, according to a report, the power and distribution transformers market in India is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 10% till 2020. India’s focus on use of alternative energy resources like nuclear and solar energy and government projects like Green Energy Corridor for power generation, are expected to further boost transformer deployments in the country in the coming years. With more than 50 years of existence and pegged at 12000 Cr, Indian Transformer Industry is quite matured. Our Domestic manufacturers have capabilities to manufacture all types of equipment to meet the country’s demand for transformers up to 800 kV till 1,200 kV. The industry enjoys a good reputation in terms of quality, price, and delivery in the domestic as well as overseas markets. Though the growth of overall Transformer industry has been sluggish for the last quarter, particularly for the Distribution Transformer, the overall exports has increased, which is very encouraging for the industry. The transformer manufacturers have almost doubled their manufacturing capacity over the last 5 years, anticipating a huge domestic demand. There are new entrants from overseas markets like China, Korea and Canada, which are also creating pricing pressures on the market. One of the major challenges for the transformer industry is the high failure rates, especially of distribution transformers. The average ope ational life of a transformer is between 25 to 30 years; however, transformers are known to be recalled for repair in as early as three years. The failure rate of distribution transformers in India is estimated at 10-15 percent, in stark contrast to the less than 2 percent failure rate in developing countries. This is due to the low entry barriers in the distribution transformer market leading to unscrupulous players entering the market, and competing on the price factor. SEBs historically follow a L1 vendor selection

criteria, which has also led to proliferation of such unscrupulous players that compromise on the quality of Transformers manufactured. IEEMA is committed to the cause of ensuring quality and security in the electrical equipment. As a responsible association we are very concerned about pilferage and theft of electricity. To eliminate this menace, we do not just require political will but also change in the mindset of consumers and distribution companies. The fundamental objective of Trafotech Workshop on Life Management of a Transformer is to get “the most out of an asset”, by ensuring that suitable actions are carried out to promote the longest possible service life and thus minimizing the life time operating cost. I am sure the delegates will dwell upon all technical aspects revolving around this theme and provide an excellent platform for knowledge sharing and creating awareness about best practices and technologies currently in vogue globally and likely to be used in future. The key planned actions revolve around areas of proper specification and procurement, design reviews, site maintenance, condition monitoring and diagnostics, condition assessment, refurbishment, residual life assessment and life extension. I am sure that the 2-days of the workshop will provide you with a larger insight into the best technology and practices to get the most out of your assets to keep the Indian power system safe & reliable and the Indian industry globally competitive” Mr Rajeev Sharma, CMD, Power Finance Corporation said “It gives me great pleasure to be with you at this juncture when power sector is at a crossroads power is available but demand is not there. In total power segment all that three parts generation, Transmission and distribution, Transformers is the most important element. Address by Mr Rajeev Sharma, CMD, Power Finance Corporation

He said that he was fortunate enough to be associated with the initiative of ministry of Power right from 2001 to when it was thought that central government should intervene and handhold state power utilities for upgrading and strengthening sub transmission and distribution activities in the country because the state power utilities were not having adequate funds to invest in new distribution substations for reconducting for putting up new distribution lines. That’s how this APDRP was initiated by the Ministry of Power. At that point of time I used to work as Deputy Secretary, Transmission and Distribution in ministry or power and even today the maximum emphasis of Government of India is on transmission and distribution and transformer again is the most important component

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of T&D. We started our engagement with IEEMA in 2001-02 and we invited IEEMA in Ministry of Power and started working on standardization of technical specifications for Transformers and meters as well. We were almost ready with the technical specifications and views from differently stakeholders in the ministry we could not finalize it. But when I was working in my earlier assignment as CMD REC our Hon’ble Power Minister was quite concerned that while implementing these flagship schemes of Government of India whether APDRP or DDUGJY and IPDS from public representatives MPs and MLAs we continued to get complaints of transformer failures, burning of transformers particularly in Bihar and Jharkhand, we faced many questions in the parliament. We send a team of our good engineers to investigate the matter and it was brought to our notice that it was because in villages where they are electrified the protective system was being bypassed and Transformers were getting overloaded. We had provided free electricity connection to BPL households but APL households could not get connected. Taking into consideration all these aspects and problems being faced, the ministry of power thought it appropriate to appoint one committee A and B under the chairmanship of Central Electricity Authority Chairman so that the quality of all important components being put up under integrated power development scheme and DDUGJY should be standardized and should ensure the quality of such equipment so four components were selected. I urge upon all of you whether design engineers, R&D engineers and engineers from the utility to please try to stick to these standards particularly for Transformers we have specified that it should be 4 star rated so that losses can be reduced and its life can also be enhanced under these two flagship schemes DDUGJY roughly an outlay of 75000 crore and earlier program of Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana has been merged with this. In Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana we adopted high voltage distribution system in place of low voltage distribution system just to deduce aggregate technical and commercial losses because of adoption of this scheme number of distribution transformers requirement also increase many fold. Because we are taking 11kV line into the village and connecting 20 to 25 consumers to 16 KVA, 10 KVA and 25 KVA so the role of manufacturers of distribution transformers is more challenging today because we have to restore the financial viability of state power utilities only then power sector can become viable to address the issue of particularly burning of Transformers more than plans ten thousand transformers got burnt in Bihar and Jharkhand. After taking into considerations on the reason why they go burnt, we as a special case allowed state power utility as an exceptional case cases to opt for large capacity transformers of 63 KVA and 100 KVA in DDUGJY as well as IPDS.

distribution system is roughly 65000 crore. So the total outlay in transmission and distribution system is around 1,40,000 crore and 15 to 20 percent of this has to go for purchasing transformers. So a larger responsibility is on the manufacturers of tansformers design engineers, R&D engineers and all industry leaders. I sincerely urge upon all of you to provide reliable and quality power to our consumers. When the present government has a dream to provide twenty four by seven power with a better quality and reliability. Then the functioning of good quality Transformers where the power transformers or distribution transformers their role is many fold now as you all know accept two states in the country all states have signed 24X7 power for all document with Ministry of Power. Its a document which provide a roadmap on how the unconnected household and unconnected villages in the country in the states can be connected with the grid, how the transmission capacity in the state augmented with additional or innovation and modernization or upgradation of old power stations and how energy efficiency can be promoted. So 24X7 document provide that roadmap how to ensure 24X7 power in each state and each consumer in next 2 to 3 years. A high level monitoring committee under the chairmanship of Secretary Power and I am also one of the members of that monitoring committee and every month meets and we regularly monitor that what was committed by the state got amended in this 24X7document what was committed by the government of India to facilitate and handhold the state power utilities. We tried to resolve those issues across the table and there is a separate cell in ministry of power to monitor this 24X7 power for all document. Similarly as you all are aware to restore the financial viability of power sector our present government has brought one very ambitious scheme of UDAY which has two important components. One is financial turnaround where 75 percent of the loans of discoms have been transferred to the state govt so that their interest burden can be reduced. Earlier the distribution companies were carrying loans with an interest rate of 13 to 14 percent once Bonds guaranteed by state governments have been issued interest burden have come down to four percent on these loans and remaining twenty five percent loans of state discoms will be securitized by issuing bonds guaranteed by the States.

The total investment in IPDS which is meant for urban areas to upgrade and strengthen transmission and

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I am happy to inform you that states which have joined UDAY, 85 percent bonds have already been issued and they were oversubscribed there were so much demand in the market to subscribe to these bonds. The second important part of UDAY is how to improve the operational efficiency of state power utilities, how to reduce AT&C losses, how to reduce theft, how to introduce the smart meters for the consumers who are consuming more than five hundred units. And this efficiency improvement is regularly being monitored by Secretary Power every month very religiously. I am happy to inform you that the sixteen states have joined UDAY other states are in queue, fourteen states have reported reduction in their AT&C losses after joining UDAY. 12 states have reported reduction in gap between average cost of supply and average revenue. So these are very positive and good indicators for the industry that our state power utilities on the right path of reform. First time UDAY is the only scheme which has talked about reduction in cost of power and it’s happening. First time NTPC had reduced its cost of power by 35 paisa after rationalizing its coal allocation. Coal India is working on how to prevent coal slippages and how to ensure good quality coal at the generating stations and it is being monitored at the highest level by our Hon’ble Power Minister, he takes keen in test particularly in UDAY and 24X7 power to all scheme, IPDS and DDUGJY. At this juncture when the govt of India is taking such initiatives for improving the performance the quality the reliability the infrastructure of power sector. This is the right time to have such it workshop to discuss the lifecycle of distribution transformers as well as power transformers and how to prevent transform a failure rate in distribution utilities particularly in govt utilities this transformer failure rate is 8-10 percent and in private sector utilities it is one to two percent. How can we bring it down to zero percent that is challenge before all of you. Mr S D Dubey, Chairperson, CEA said “that India has come across very rapid development during last two decade and almost all phases of our development be it be Generation, transmission and distribution and today we are at this stage where we can proudly say India is not an energy deficient country. Our generating installed Address by Mr SD Dubey, capacity has reached Chairperson, CEA beyond 307 GW. Our transmission also has diversified in a long way. The very important segment is the distribution and it is in a developing stage. We all know a proper sync of generation, transmission and distribution is an essential combination and all are complimentary to each other. Without generation no transmission no distribution the whole system will collapse.

We know the power sector is the lifeline for industrial and fiscal growth of the country and transformer is the lifeline of the overall power system. Once transformer fails the whole system collapse, financial crunch arises and there is a denial of power for consumers of the country. We have come across many failure reports in the country be part of standing committee of failures of transformers industry I want to share with you they have failed in the initial stages of operation and that’s the real problem, there’s a real concern. We are all designers, manufactures, R&D professionals. I’ll have to apply a collective wisdom why it is happening is there any problem in quality of material, quality of manufacturing, quality of testing and quality of abundant techniques so this is very important to ponder why transformers are failing initial years of election and operation. So to my mind while we talk our life management of transformer we have to start from the beginning from the material procurement from the design aspect from the meticulous manufacturing good equipment testing and commissioning. Now throughout the world we are following condition based maintenance earlier there were theoretical concept of time based maintenance but now throughout the world we have switched over to condition based maintenance and to arrive at that solution of condition based maintenance we had to have the assessment based techniques real assessment of the condition of Transformers and we have to apply good quality assessment techniques for proper diagnosis and that is the real input for the decision makers and for investment decision whether we should run, refurbished or replaced. I am happy to inform you that IEEMA is working on standardization of Transformers since last two years rather and has brought out a manual for standardization of Power transformers in the country it was submitted to our Hon’ble minister who appreciated the efforts of IEEMA and ITMA. He has constituted a high level committee in CEA under member power system and Chairman to quickly analyze all the standard manuals and to bring out a common uniform standardization of power transformers and the last standardization manual we have brought out up to 33kV now we are taking it to 66kv and onwards and this committee represented by maximum stakeholders from IEEMA, NTPC, NHPC, power utilities, private sector and we are confident that within a span of two or three months we’ll be able to bring out this standardization of power transformer which will pave the way for informed guidelines for materials, manufacturing, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance. Government is already committed to supply quality to all by 2019 and for that everyone have to contribute and everyone had to support. In such a scenario the management of life management of quality safety and environment is an essential attitude for all us. I wish this conference a grand success and wish all the best for IEEMA and the management for this beautiful and wonderful conference. Thank you all.

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Chairmen, Key Note Expert Speakers and Rapporteurs

From L to R( Mr S.K. Ray Mahopatra, Chief Engineer, CEA Chairing the session-1” Specification, Design Reviews and Life Management Concepts; Mr Marco Miloni , ABB- Germany delivering his key note address and Mr Vikrant Joshi, Crompton Greaves Ltd. and Rapporteur for session-I summarizing the papers on behalf of authors.

From L to R(Mr B.N.De Bhowmick, General Manager, PGCIL, Chairing the Session-II” Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics; Dr. Nick Perjanik ,Weidman Electrical Technologies- USA delivering his key note address and Mr R.K.Tyagi, AGM, PGCIL, Rapporteur for Session-II is summarizing the papers on behalf of authors.)

Form L to R(Mr S.K. Negi, Managing Director, GETCO Chairing the Session –III” Condition Assessment and Refurbishment; Mr R.P.Sasmal, Director-Operations, PGCIL delivering his key note address and Mr Virendra Lakhiani, Director (Tech.) Transformer & Rectifiers & Rapporteur for session-III , summarizing the papers on behalf of the authors

Form L to R (Mr.Bulusu Venkateshwar, Vice President, Reliance Industries Ltd Chairing the Session –IV” Moisture Management; Mr Suhas Dhapare delivering his key note address and Mr P. Ramachandran, Senior Advisor, ABB India & Rapporteur for session-IV , summarizing the papers on behalf of the authors

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From L to R(Mr Ratish Kumar, Director(Projects) NHPC, Chairing the session V “ Residual Life assessment and life extension”; Mr Thomas F. Kessler ,Siemens- Germany the key Note expert speaker delivering his key note address for the session; Mr S.K.Gupta, BHEL, Rapporteur for Session V summarizing the papers on behalf of the authors

From L to R(Mr PrabhuNarain Singh, Director- National Smart Grid Mission Chairing the session VI” Distribution Transformers- issues, concerns and remedies; Mr Jacob George, Vice President, Toshiba T& D India delivering his key note address; Mr Vinamra Agarwal, Technical Associates, Rapporteur for session VI is summarizing the papers for the authors.

TRAFOTECH Workshop 2016 Organising Team

Glimpses

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from 0.35% to atleast 40%, we have the best practices. Committee A has standardized the specifications which is available in the public domain. He insisted that IEEMA may be involved in the discussion with the utilities during their review meetings.

Concluding Session From L to R: ( Mr Imteyaz Siddiqui, ISA Advance Instruments & Master of Ceremony,; Mr Prabhu Narain Singh, Director National Smart Grid Mission; Mr S.K.Negi, MD, GETCO; Mr P.Ramachandran, Senior Advisor, ABB, India ; and Mr Manjit Singh Sethi, Chairman, IEEMA Power Transformer Division and Chairman Organising Committee)

Mr P. Ramachandran in his address said that we are mainly looking at how to get maximum out of the life of transformers. During the discussions also we came to know that almost 1/3rd failure is because of bushings, tap changers, windings. Bushings changing to RIP bushing alone is not going to control the failure rate. We have to be vigilant in terms of maintenance, storage, operation.

Mr S. K. Negi said in the concluding remarks that TRAFOTECH is good brand name. The 2nd edition mainly focused on the aspects of site management, condition monitoring, how good erection can be done and what are the good practices should be adopted. He also said that technology in transformer design has matured and we are good in that. He said that though we say that even failure rate is coming down and because of some issue people sometime takes impulsive decision like PGCIL took decision of using RIP bushings. He insisted that one should take a decision after going through the root cause analysis.

He also informed that there was a discussion to eliminate the tap changers. He informed that this is not to be decided by the manufacturers. The utilities should decide on this aspect.

Workshop Highlights

He also that now the focus should move towards the performance of transformers and we should learn from our operational experience of transformers. For this feedback of the utilities is very much essential and important. He further informed that in many utilities the failure is almost 25% which is a big concern and therefore a full day workshop on Distribution Transformers may be organized to discuss this subject in detail.

More than 433 + participants More than 170 participation from various utilities & govt. officials Stakeholders involves Utilities, EPC Contracting Companies, Transformer Manufactures, Regulators, testing and measuring instruments, Research institutes, Consultants etc.

Mr Prabhu Narain Singh in his closing remarks said that in our country we have seen loss levels varying

Sessionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Best Paper Award Session No

Paper Title

Organization

Author

Study Of Material Compatibility For Transformer Crompton Greaves Construction Materials With Synthetic Ester Oil Ltd.

Monitoring of EHV/UHV Bushings by Capacitance & Tan delta measurement in frequency domain and DGA: Powergrid approach for HV bushing diagnosis

PGCIL

Sumit S Harichandanray

Retrofilling of Transformer with Ester based Oils: Study of Thermal effects on the winding

Cromton Greaves Ltd.

Sachin B Paramane

Moisture in Cellulosic Consequences

Weidmann Electrical Technoligies

Stefan Jaufer

Development of Transformer Health Index(THI)

Tata Power Co. Ltd., Mumbai

Kapil Umak

Transformer Fault Analysis- A Multi disciplinary approach

Weidmann Electrical Technoligies

Giuseppe Cappai

Insulation

and

its

Dr. Ketan S. Shah

The workshop ended with a very positive note that this is a unique platform created by IEEMA and no other such workshop on Transformers is being organised anywhere in the world.

January 2017

ExpertSpeak

(Smart solution for providing green electricity in Smart City)

n electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers. It consists of generating stations that produce electrical power, high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and distribution lines that connect individual customers. Smart Grid facilitates efficient and reliable end-to-end intelligent two-way delivery system from source to sink through integration of renewable energy sources, smart transmission and distribution. In this way Smart Grid technology shall bring efficiency and sustainability in meeting the growing electricity demand with reliability and best of the quality. The Central Government approved the proposal for operationalisation of the Power System Development Fund (PSDF) which helps the utilities to develop smart grid. Section 79(1) (c) of the Electricity Act enables CERC to, inter-alia, regulate interstate transmission of electricity. CERC regulates interstate transmission by specifying regulations for operation of the grid as also by way of stipulating various regulatory charges. The interstate transmission of electricity involves regulation of the grid in accordance with the specifications contained in the Grid Code. The CERC has formulated a mechanism to ensure that grid discipline is maintained. A commercial mechanism has been evolved by which those who breach the discipline are required to pay through “Deviation charges”. This is payable when the users of the grid who should adhere to scheduled dispatch and drawl of electricity do not conform to their commitments.

Regulation of interstate transmission also involves management of congestion in the system. Congestion means a situation where the demand for transmission capacity exceeds the Available Transmission Capability. In order to relieve congestion in interstate transmission system in real time, a charge called “congestion charge” is also applied as a commercial measure. Congestion also affects operation of the power exchanges. This is regulated by CERC by way of a framework of market splitting which is a mechanism adopted by the power exchanges where the market is split because of the congestion in transmission. Thus, the congestion amounts arise from the difference in market prices of different regions as a consequence of market splitting. These charges are known as “Market Splitting Congestion charge”. Maintenance of power voltages is also an important element of regulating interstate transmission. In order to ensure maintenance of voltage stability within the specified range, commercial measures by way of “reactive energy charge” is levied on utilities as per the Indian Electricity Grid Code and the charges are payable / receivable by the regional entities depending on their reactive power drawl/return impacting the voltage at the metering points. The above four charges, namely – Deviation Charge, Congestion Charge, Market Splitting Congestion charge, and Reactive Compensation charge for maintaining voltage are settled between those who pay and those

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ExpertSpeak

who need to receive. After final settlement takes place, there are surplus amounts which are credited into a special fund called the “Power System Development Fund” (PSDF) and this fund utilized by the state utilities for development of reliable and stable smart grid. CERC have modified the PSDF Regulations, 2010 in line with the Ministry of Power’s guidelines issued on 10th January, 2014 regarding the scheme for operationalization of the Power System Development Fund and utilization of funds deposited. Under this scheme, the Regional Power Committees, Generating Companies, Transmission Licensees, Distribution Licensees and Load Dispatch Centers, required to submit the schemes to National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) as Nodal Agency for funding from PSDF. NLDC would pose these schemes to the Appraisal Committee for technical Scrutiny. Based on the recommendations of the Appraisal Committee the disbursement of the funds under PSDF shall be sanctioned by an inter-ministerial Monitoring Committee. The entities intending to avail the funding from PSDF would be required to forward their schemes, in the prescribed formats.

Objective of PSDF Scheme Power System Development Fund will be utilised for creating necessary transmission systems of strategic importance based on operational feedback by Load Dispatch Centres for relieving congestion in InterState Transmission Systems. The fund will also be utilised towards installation of shunt capacitors, series compensators and other reactive energy generators for improvement of voltage profile in the grid, installation of standard and special protection schemes, pilot and demonstrative projects, and for setting right discrepancies identified in protection audits on regional basis and renovation and modernisation (R&M) of transmission and distribution systems for relieving congestion and capacity building to develop smart grid. Projects proposed by distribution utilities in the above areas that have a bearing on grid safety and security and integration of renewable energy, should not covered under any other scheme of the Government of India will be eligible under this scheme. Private Sector projects are not eligible for assistance from this fund.

Charges under PSDF Power System Development Fund has been constituted vide Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Power System Development Fund) Regulations, 2010. Following regulatory charges are being credited to PSDF: hh

Congestion Charges are the credit of the Congestion Charge Account after release of amounts payable to Regional Entities entitled to receive congestion charges in accordance with the Congestion Relief Regulations.

Congestion amount arising from the difference in the market prices of different regions as a consequence

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of market splitting in power exchanges in accordance with Power Market Regulations. hh

Deviation Settlement Charges standing to the credit of the Regional Deviation Pool Account Fund after final settlement of claims in accordance with Deviation Settlement Mechanism Regulations.

Reactive Energy charges standing to the credit of Reactive Energy Charges Account in accordance with the Grid Code.

Additional Transmission Charges arising out of the explicit auction process in STOA Advance Bilateral transactions in accordance with the CERC Open Access Regulations.

The agencies which are authorized to collect aforesaid Congestion charges, Congestion amount, Deviation Settlement charges, Reactive energy charges under the respective regulations, shall transfer to the credit of PSDF on monthly basis.

Appraisal & Monitoring Committee Appraisal Committee constituted by the Government for the purpose of scrutiny (techno-economic appraisal) and prioritization of various project proposals for funding from PSDF. Monitoring Committee also constituted by the Government for the purpose of sanctioning of projects, release of funds from PSDF and overall supervision and monitoring of the implementation of projects sanctioned under Power System Development Fund. The Monitoring Committee empower to consider such projects or their revised costs for sanction based on the recommendation of the Appraisal Committee for such projects that are in line with the principles and methodology specified by central Commission and prioritized in accordance with the principles envisaged in PSDF regulations.

Function of Nodal Agency National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) is the Nodal Agency for the implementation of the scheme under CERC (PSDF) Regulations 2014. The main functions of Nodal Agency are: 1.

Act as Secretariat to the Monitoring Committee and the Appraisal Committee.

Prepare a detailed procedure for release and disbursement from PSDF consistent with the procedure approved by the Monitoring Committee from time to time.

3. Keep the record of business transacted at each meeting of the Appraisal Committee and the Monitoring Committee. 4.

Prepare detailed procedure for preparation of budget, accounting of receipts/disbursals from PSDF public account and audit with the approval of the Monitoring Committee.

5. Prepare annual report of the Power System Development Fund.

ExpertSpeak

Process of Appraisal of the projects/schemes 1. The Regional Power Committees, Generating Companies, Transmission Licensees, Distribution Licensees, Load Dispatch Centers, Power Exchange etc., shall furnish necessary details of the projects, schemes or activities to the Nodal Agency. 2.

The Nodal Agency shall place these projects or scheme for technoeconomic scrutiny by the Appraisal Committee.

3. After scrutinizing the proposals, the Appraisal Committee shall submit its Appraisal Report and recommendations to the Central Commission, and to the project entity who has submitted the proposal. 4.

The Nodal Agency will approach the Central Commission, along with the recommendations of the Appraisal Committee, for ascertaining that the projects / scheme(s) are covered within the scope of these Regulations.

The Central Commission, will look into the following aspects viz.:-

Whether the proposed projects / schemes are in line with the purposes defined in the regulations;

Whether the proposed scheme(s) have been prioritized in accordance with the principles envisaged in the regulations.

If the conditions specified are satisfied, the Central communicate to the Nodal proposed projects are in line defined in the regulations.

in the regulation Commission shall Agency that the with the principles

The Central Commission, at this stage shall not go into the details of the project cost, which will be examined by the appropriate commission only at the time of filing of tariff petition by the project entity to ensure inter alia that the tariff in respect of such project / scheme is not claimed for the portion of grant from the PSDF.

8. The Nodal Agency shall approach the Monitoring Committee for sanction of the fund from the PSDF.

Eligible Projects The following categories of projects will be eligible for assistance from PSDF. i. Transmission systems of strategic importance based on operational feedback by Load Despatch Centers for relieving congestion in inter-state transmission system (ISTS) and intra-state system which are incidental to the ISTS.

ii.

Installation of shunt capacitors, series compensators and other reactive energy generators for improvement voltage profile in the Grid.

iii. Installation of special protection schemes, pilot and demonstrative projects, standard protection schemes and for setting right the discrepancies identified in the protection audits on regional basis. iv. Renovation and Modernization (R&M) of transmission and distribution system for relieving congestion. v. Any other scheme/project in furtherance of the above objectives such as technical studies and capacity building. Projects proposed by distribution utilities in the above areas that have a bearing on grid safety and security, provided these are not covered under any other scheme of the Government of India, such as RAPDRP/RGGVY/ NEF, etc. Private sector projects would not be eligible for assistance from the Fund.

Procedure The, Regional Power Committees, Generating companies, Distribution licensees, Transmission licensees, Load Despatch Centres, Power Exchanges shall furnish DPRs to the NLDC who would pose them for technical scrutiny by the Appraisal Committee. The Appraisal Committee will undertake scrutiny (technoeconomic appraisal) of the projects with the assistance of Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and prioritise them. After scrutinizing the proposals, the Appraisal Committee shall submit its Appraisal Report and recommendations to the Appropriate Commission and

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to the project entity who has submitted the proposal. The entity shall then file a petition with the Appropriate Commission for regulatory approval of the scheme for funding from PSDF. Regulatory approval is required as implementation of the scheme will have implications on tariff, which is in the domain of the Appropriate Commissions. The Commission will ensure that no tariff is claimed for the portion of the scheme funded from PSDF. After regulatory approval, the entity will approach NLDC which will serve as the Secretariat to Appraisal Committee. NLDC will forward the projects to the Ministry of Power for administrative sanction/approval and release of funds. The Monitoring Committee will consider the projects for sanction based on Appraisal Report and regulatory approval of the Appropriate Commission in accordance with the extant rules/instructions for sanction/approval and release of funds on the lines of RGGVY scheme & R-APDRP Scheme. The Monitoring Committee will also monitor implementation of the scheme in addition to issuing/amending guidelines from time to time. The Committee will also be empowered to review and revise the benchmark cost norms. Utmost care and due diligence will be done to rule out any duplicity with any other existing scheme. The Appraisal Committee will

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evolve a mechanism to evaluate the implementation of projects by laying down objective quantifiable financial and technical outcome parameters for each category of projects funded under the Scheme.

Conclusion Power System Development Fund will be utilised for creating necessary transmission systems of strategic importance based on operational feedback by Load Dispatch Centres for relieving congestion in InterState Transmission Systems. The fund will also be utilised towards installation of shunt capacitors, series compensators and other reactive energy generators for improvement of voltage profile in the grid, installation of standard and special protection schemes, pilot and demonstrative projects, and for setting right discrepancies identified in protection audits on regional basis and renovation and modernisation of transmission and distribution systems for relieving and making the existing network as smart grid for supplying power in proposed smart cities. â&#x2013;Ş Ashok Upadhyay

Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

(From L to R) Mr Sunil Misra, DG, IEEMA, Mr Ramesh Chandak, Corporate and Business advisor, RDC Business advisory, Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA, Mr Harish Agarwal, Vice President, IEEMA, Mr Randeep Narang, Vice Chairman, IEEMA T&D Projects Division and Mr Babu Babel, Immediate Past President, IEEMA

10th IEEMA T&D Conclave T

he 10th IEEMA T&D conclave held on December 16, 2016 at Hotel Westin, Gurugram was attended by more than 250 people. The one day event witnessed the presence of eminent personalities like Dr Deepak Natarajan, Eminent Cardiologist, Mr Ashutosh Phalke, Arthakranti Pratishthan, Mr Arnab Goswami, Former Editor-in-Chief, Times Now and ET Now and Mr Laxman Rao, the most famous tea seller in Delhi/NCR and prolific Hindi author. The selection of speakers and the overall sessions were well appreciated by the delegates who attended the conclave. India is on the threshold of major reforms and is poised to become the third-largest economy of the world by 2030. In the words of our Hon’ble Prime Minister, India offers the 3 ‘Ds’ for business to thrive— democracy, demography and demand. Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA, said, “The Government of India has taken various initiatives to strengthen the economy which, inter alia, include; fillip to manufacturing and infrastructure through fiscal incentives and concrete measures for transport, power, and other urban and rural infrastructure; reforms and liberalization of foreign direct investment in major sectors; measures to debottleneck the supply of key raw materials among others. Skill India, Digital India, Make in India & Start-up India initiatives have been launched to boost entrepreneurship and creation of job.” He further added “Young Indians today have the conviction to venture out on their own and a conducive ecosystem lets them enable their ideas come to life. In today’s environment we have more Startups and entrepreneurs than ever before and the movement is at the cusp of a revolution. The Government of India has taken various measures to improve the ease of

doing business and is also building an exciting and enabling environment for these Startups, with the launch of the “Startup India” movement. ‘SKILL INDIA’ - a multi-skill development programme has been initiated with a mission for job creation, employment and entrepreneurship for all socio-economic classes. It endeavours to establish an international equivalent of the Indian framework on skill development, creating workforce mobility and enhancing youth employability. IEEMA in partnership with PSSC, has initiated various programs to support Indian Power Sector with complete range of skill development initiatives focused to Industry requirements. We have an ambitious agenda to skill, train and develop nearly 4.5 million people in response to Industry needs.” Dr Deepak Natarajan, Eminent Cardiologist was also one of the speakers at the conclave. He has served 3 prime ministers, a vice-president and the president of India. He was also appointed as cardiologist to H.E Nelson Mandela during his visit to India. He spoke about the increasing rate of heart attacks these days due to hyper tension and how cases of heart attack can be treated. He also spoke about percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy with the Inoue Balloon catheter. He has impeccable experience in the field of coronary angioplasty and stenting, percutaneous balloon valvotomy, biventricular pacing in CHF and ICD implantation for leading research institutes and organizations.

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IEEMAEvent

Mr Ashutosh Phalke of Arthakranti Pratishthan who has made a proposal to the government for an effective and guaranteed solution of Black Money Generation, Price rise and Inflation, Corruption, Fiscal Deficit, Unemployment, Ransom, GDP and industrial growth, terrorism and good governance was also one among the eminent speaker at the conclave. The star attraction of the conclave was Mr Arnab Goswami, Former Editorin-Chief, Times Now and ET Now. Goswami shot to fame for his daily prime time debate show ‘The News Hour’ that is reported to bring in over 60 per cent revenue for the news channel and has a dedicated audience base across the country. He also conducts detailed interviews with politicians, sportspersons and celebrities on ‘Frankly Speaking’. Goswami had resigned from Times Now on November 1. Mr Goswami spoke about the current situation in the country and also announced his new venture which will be called ‘Republic’. He said “I seek the support of the people of India.” Dr Arun Gadre and Dr Abhay Shukla, SATHI (Support for Advocacy and Training to Health Initiatives) was also one the speakers. They spoke about the Tales of medical malpractice and its impact on patients Mr Laxman Rao, the most famous tea seller in Delhi/ NCR and prolific Hindi author . Mr Rao is a tea-seller with a difference. Mr Rao, 62, is an award-winning author of 12 published books, which are based on real-life stories of his customers and other people around. He has a Facebook page, his books are selling on Amazon and Flipkart and one has been translated to English and is available on kindle.

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Dr Arun Gadre of SATHI (Support for Advocacy and Training to Health Initiatives)

Mr Laxman Rao, Tea Seller and prolific Hindi author

Rao left his village in Amravati, Maharashtra in 1975 to pursue his passion of writing with nothing but Rs 40 which he took from his father along with his 10th grade completion certificate. “For 20 years I have made no money from my books.” Publishers didn’t want to take him in and he was prompted to save money and self-publish his first book in 1979 ‘Nai Duniyan ki Nai Kahani’. Today, Rao has a bachelor’s degree in Hindi and has he even sat for a masters exam through a distance learning programme in Delhi. His books have earned him the praise of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and President Pratibha Patil, with the latter felicitating him at Rashtrapati Bhavan as well, a moment he considers his finest. If there is one thing that Rao’s story teaches us, it’s that no goal is too big to achieve if one works hard enough. - Shalini Singh, IEEMA

GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy

will help to harness untapped potential (Smart solution for providing green electricity in Smart City)

olar and wind power being infirm in nature impose certain challenges on grid security and stability. The solar and winds are almost complementary to each other and hybdridation of two technologies would help in minimizing the variability apart from optimally utilizing the infrastructure including land and transmission system and thus strengthening the energy security of the country. The existing wind farms have scope of adding solar PV capacity and similarly there may be wind potential in the vicinity of existing solar PV plant. Suitable policy interventions are required not only for new wind-solar hybrid plants but also for encouraging hybridization of existing wind and solar plant. The Government has issued National

Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy with the objective to provide a framework for promotion of large grid connected wind-solar PV system for optimal and efficient utilization of transmission infrastructure and land, reducing the variability in renewable power generation and thus achieving better grid stability. Further, the Policy aims to encourage new technologies, methods and way-outs involving combined operation of wind and solar PV plants. Enactment of the Electricity Act 2003 has provided support to renewable energy by stipulating purchase of a percentage of the power procurement by distribution utilities from renewable energy sources. The renewable purchase

obligation as well as preferential tariff for procurement of such power has been specified by various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions. Despite all strategic policies in place, purchase of Renewable Energy Certificate has not been very encouraging. SERCs must prevail upon Discoms to meet them RPO obligation. Cost of energy from renewable sources can also be reduced by promoting competition and encouraging hybrid solar-wind projects. At the same time, adequate promotional measures would also have to be taken for development of hybrid technologies. While the Electricity Act, 2003, the policies framed under the Act, and also the National Action Plan for Climate Change provide for a roadmap for increasing the share

January 2017

GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

of renewable in the total generation capacity in the country, there are constraints in terms of availability of Renewable Energy sources evenly across different parts of the country. For economic as well as environmental reasons India needs to shift to non-polluting renewable sources of energy to meet future demand for electricity. Renewable energy is the most attractive investment because it will provide long-term economic growth for the country. A favorable renewable energy policy could create millions of new jobs and an economic stimulus and

instead it has a number of disparate policies. Rather than promoting an overarching energy strategy, India has developed a cluster of energy business models and policies that have not been productive. These policies are definitely affecting renewable energy expansion plans. The development of all forms of â&#x20AC;&#x153;distributedâ&#x20AC;? energy such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, biogas, and geothermal not only reduces the huge amount of energy lost in grid distribution, it also helps lighten the load on the grid. This is a critical part of the real energy revolution in achieving a cost effective smart

properly utilized, India can realize its place in the world as a great power. The status of renewable installed capacity as on 31st September, 2016 is as given below:

Objective of Hybrid Projects Policy The main objective of the Hybrid Policy is to provide a framework for promotion of large grid connected wind-solar PV system for optimal and efficient utilization of existing infrastructure, reducing the variability in renewable power generation and thus achieving

India is in a unique position to introduce clean energy solutions on an enormous scale to provide affordable energy for everyone. India has tremendous potential of renewable energy sources and if properly utilized, India can realize its place in the world as a great power.

perhaps much more if all indirect economic (ripple) effects are included. Renewable energy with hybrid technology also has the advantage of allowing decentralized distribution of reliable energy, particularly for meeting rural energy needs, and thereby empowering people at the grass roots level. India does not have an overarching energy strategy,

January 2017

grid solution. All forms of distributed power, micro-generation and microgrids should be incorporated into the electrical supply system to make the system more reliable. India is in a unique position to introduce clean energy solutions on an enormous scale to provide affordable energy for everyone. India have tremendous potential of renewable energy sources and if

better grid stability. Policy aims to encourage new technologies, methods and way-outs involving combined operation of wind and solar PV plants. The Goal of the Policy is to reach wind-solar hybrid capacity of 10 GW by 2022. The major advantage of solar-wind hybrid energy is boost the reliability of the system as power generation from the two different sources

GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

supplement each other. Combining the two technologies and sharing a grid connection can also increase capacity. Hybrids hold an additional appeal in India where land acquisition remains a challenge. In order to achieve the benefits of hybrid plant in terms of optimal

Renewable Energy Source

Wind Power

avoid curtailment and seasonality of energy production because wind and solar are complementary. The interest in hybrid projects comes as India pushes aggressively to develop its clean energy capacity. India installed a record 3.5 gigawatts of wind in the last fiscal year. Hybrid Cumulative Achievements (MW)

Percentage share (%)

28082.95

61.16

Solar Power

8513.24

18.55

Small Hydro Power

4323.37

9.42

Biomass & Bagasse Cogeneration

4882.33

10.63

Waste to Power

115.08

0.25

Total and efficient utilization of available facilities and better grid stability by reducing the variability in renewable power generation, in the locations where the wind power density is quite good, the size of the solar PVs capacity to be added as the solar-hybrid component could be relatively smaller. On the other hand, in case of the sites where the wind power density is relatively lower or moderate, the component of the solar PV capacity could be relatively on a higher side. The Central Commission is empowers to lay down the guidelines for determination of generic tariff for wind-solar hybrid system. Further, the regulator is required to frame regulations for forecasting and scheduling for the hybrid systems. In order to encourage development of wind-solar hybrid systems, government pronounced various incentives under the policy. All fiscal and financial incentives available to wind and solar power projects made available to hybrid projects. Low cost financing for hybrid projects will be made available through IREDA and other financial institutions including multilateral banks.

45916.95 projects offer advantages in sharing of resources for construction and maintenance of a project, as well as power transmission. India has set an ambitious target of reaching 175 GW of installed capacity from renewable energy sources including 100 GW from solar and 60 GW from wind by the year 2022. Various policy initiatives have been taken to achieve this target. Solar and Wind power being infirm in nature impose certain challenges on grid security and stability. Solar and winds are almost complementary to each other and hybdridation of two technologies would help in minimizing the variability apart from optimally utilizing the infrastructure including land and transmission system. Policy aims to encourage new technologies, methods and wayouts involving combined operation of wind and solar PV plants. The Goal of the Policy is to reach windsolar hybrid capacity of 10 GW by 2022. Conditions for hybridisation of existing wind/solar plants and New Wind-Solar hybrid projects are as follows:

Hybrid Model

Hybridization of existing wind/solar plants

A common grid infrastructure for wind and solar installations will bring stability in the grid and will help

Under the hybrid policy the existing wind power or solar power projects, willing to install solar PV plant or

wind turbine generators (WTGs) respectively to avail benefit of hybrid project, will be allowed to do so with following Conditions: (i) The hybrid power injected in to the grid will not be more than the transmission capacity/grid connectivity allowed/sanctioned for existing wind/solar project. This will ensure that no augmentation of transmission capacity is required. (ii) No additional connectivity/ transmission capacity charges will be levied by the respective transmission entity for installing the solar PV/wind turbine generators considering that same transmission capacity is being used. (iii) Assessment of solar and wind power injected in to the grid through main meter from the hybrid project will be worked out on the basis of readings of meters installed on LT side of the WTG and solar PV plant. (iv) The additional solar/wind power generated from the hybrid project may be used for captive purpose or sold to the respective distribution company at the tariff determined by the respective state regulator or the latest lowest bid price discovered by SECI or any other government agency through transparent bidding process whichever is lower; The power may also be sold to the respective distribution company at APPC under REC mechanism and avail RECs.

New Wind-Solar Hybrid Projects In case of new wind-solar hybrid projects, the developer have option to use the hybrid power for captive use or third party sale or may sell the hybrid power to Distribution Company (ies) at a price determined by the respective SERC for that hybrid power project. The hybrid power so purchased by Distribution Company may be used to offset both solar and nonsolar RPO. The hybrid power may be procured through a transparent bidding process under different mechanisms. Parameters that may be considered for bidding could be total capacity delivered at grid

January 2017

GuestArticle

interface point, CUF and unit price of electricity.

Benefits of Hybrid system Wind and Solar are the prime free source of inexhaustible energy available to all. India is one of the sun’s most favored nations, blessed with about 5,000 TWh of solar insolation every year. Even if a tenth of this potential was utilized, it could mark the end of India’s power problems by using the country’s deserts and farm land to construct solar plants. Renewable energy has the potential to re-energize India’s economy by creating millions of new jobs, allowing the country to achieve energy independence, reduce its trade deficits and propel it forward as a “Green Nation.” In short, renewable energy offers too many benefits for India to ignore, or delay its development. India should take advantage of this golden opportunity because renewable energy has particular relevance in remote and rural areas, where there are around 289 million people who don’t have access to reliable sources of energy. WindSolar Hybrid energy is the most costeffective option for India to reduce energy poverty without having to extend national grid services to provide power for individual homes and buildings. India can develop massive commercial wind-solar hybrid projects to harness the wind and solar energy available at free of cost to boost the country’s supply of clean renewable energy. But, to tap this vast resource, India must develop and implement smart business models and favorable policies as quickly as possible. The hybrid policy is to provide a framework for promotion of large grid connected windsolar PV system for optimal and efficient utilization of transmission infrastructure and land, reducing the variability in renewable power generation and thus achieving better grid stability. Another opportunity for sparking investment in wind-solar hybrid system is the could lay the foundation for an energy independent future —

January 2017

one in which the Government of India takes advantage of the vast amounts of energy available from the Rajasthan Desert sun and wind to power its future energy needs. In addition, renewable energy would not only create millions of jobs, but also sustain India’s positive economic growth, help lift its massive population out of poverty, and combat climate change.

Challenges Increased renewable energy based generation has its own challenges. The biggest challenge is the intermittent nature of renewable generation, which leads to integration issues with the grid. Variable renewable energy is often perceived as incompatible with base load needs and a secure electricity grid because of its inherent uncertainty in availability. Higher penetrations of variable renewable energy require increased flexibility from the power system to manage the variability and uncertainty of the generation. Variable renewable energy is not necessarily generated where load. Adding new variable renewable energy may increase both transmission bottlenecks and the need for new transmission lines to remote areas. The amount of generation from renewable energybased sources has increased considerable over the years. Some of the renewable rich state like Tamil Nadu now boasts of the largest installed wind and solar capacity in the country. It has a total wind and solar installed capacity of 9 GW as against base load of around 11 GW. The state has been suffering from grid congestion issues for some time and despite recent improvements in connectivity to the national grid, power evacuation remains a major problem particularly for renewable projects. As a result, developers are facing severe grid availability issues as well as long payment delays due to poor financial health of stateowned utilities. Payments to power producers have been delayed by as much as several months in the past. But the state has still been resisting signing up for UDAY, the central

government’s financial restructuring package for power utilities. Poor bankability leads to higher tariffs and higher tariffs reduce profitability for power distribution companies. It has become a vicious cycle.

Way Forward The UDAY scheme, a financial and operational reform scheme for distribution companies will bring several important benefits for the renewable sector. First, off take risk perception will come down and concerns related to non-payment of dues by discoms should disappear in future. Second, availability and cost of private capital is expected to improve significantly with a cascading impact on competitiveness of renewable power, it added. Finally, improving discom finances will address growing concerns around grid curtailment by improving demand for power (currently many discoms back down the grid rather than buying more power because they make losses on incremental sale of power to rural and residential consumers) and increasing investments in up gradation of transmission and distribution infrastructure to transform renewable power without grid penetration problem. Successful implementation of UDAY will help resolve the long-standing issue of discoms bankability and pave way for long-term growth of the sector. The other initiatives for development of renewable energy hybrid projects need to taken are as follows hh

Aggressively expand largescale deployment of both centralized and distributed renewable energy including wind-solar hybrid generation, to ease the strain on the present transmission and distribution system and allow more off-grid populations to be reached.

Develop favorable Government policies to ease the project permitting process, and to provide start-up capital to promote the exponential

GuestArticle

development. Accelerate the development and implementation of Solar and Wind farms; utility-scale solar and wind generation nationwide. Develop large scale wind and solar manufacturing in the country.

growth of renewable energy. Create and fund a national smart infrastructure bank for renewable energy. hh

Accelerate local demand for renewable energy by providing preferential Feed-in-Tariffs and other incentives such as accelerated depreciation; tax holidays; renewable energy funds; initiatives for international partnerships/ collaboration incentives for new technologies; human resources development; zero import duty on capital equipment and raw materials; excise duty exemption; and low interest rate loans. Establish R&D facilities within academia, research institutions, industry, Government and civil society to guide technology

Aggressively invest in a smart, two-way grid (and microgrid). Invest in smart meters, as well as reliable networks that can accommodate the two-way flow of power. Such networks need to be resilient enough to avoid blackouts and accommodate the advanced power generation technologies of the future.

Conclusion Solar and wind energy especially represent a bright spot for India’s economic future. India should

embrace the renewable energy future now to meet all its energy needs and make nuclear and fossil power a thing of the past. Newly built wind and solar plants are already considerably cheaper than new nuclear plants per kilowatt hour of electricity produced, and hybrid energy will compete head on with conventional energy generation. India can ramp up its efforts to develop and implement large utility-scale solar and wind energy projects to meet the country’s economic development goals, while creating energy independence and realizing potentially enormous environmental benefits. Both issues have a direct influence on national security and the health of the Indian economy. ▪ Ashok Upadhyay

Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

.COM

January 2017

Insight

n the era of power shortages in every state the concept of Ancillary Services could not be mooted out because there was no spare capacity available with the constituents and usage of energy storage batteries was not envisaged in the electrical network. Since then Indian power grid has seen sea changes. Today situation is far more different. All the regional grids are connected to form National grid. Some states are in power surplus condition. The share of solar and non solar renewable power is increasing at an accelerated pace. Their intermittent generation has raised concern of every stake holder for balancing the generation for control of frequency, security and reliability of Grid. Ancillary Services are defined, under Regulation (2)(1)(b) of the CERC (Indian Electricity Grid Code), Regulations 2010 as follows. â&#x20AC;&#x153;In relation to power system (or Grid) operation, the services necessary to support the power system (or grid) operation in maintaining power quality, reliability and security of grid e.g active power support for load following, reactive power support, black start etc.

Types of Electrical Energy Storage(AS) hh hh

pumped hydroelectric plants fly wheel

January 2017

compressed air energy storage hh superconductive magnetic storage hh Batteries Among Batteries there are five type of batteries which are being used for storage of Electricity across the globe. These are Sodium Sulpher (NAS), Lead acid, Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium- ion (li-ion) and flow batteries such as vanadium redox.. The li-on and lead batteries are available in 2000-5000 AH range. hh

The battery properties to be used with renewable or connected with the Grid at any convenient location are as follows: ability to pull a given power supply at any moment with a response time of less than a second hh Chargeable/dischargeable repeatedly over a long period hh to release large chunk of electricity at a fast rate According to a study published in foreign journal energy stored for energy invested (ESOI) was 210 for pumped storage plants i.e in its life time it will store 210 times more energy than that required to built it. hh

ESOI for compressed air energy storage is 240 while for batteries it is as follows.

Lithium ion Sodium Sulphur Vandium Redox Zinc bromide Lead acid

10 6 3 3 2

Comparison of three main battery technologies which are being used for grid seale application beside vanadium redox flow battery: Battery energy storage would play an important role in smooth frequency control in smart grid as compared to other energy storage solution. The cost of these batteries is coming down and would further reduce depending upon volume required in the market. Batteries up to 400 MWH are being used in the developed countries for these purpose. The constraint which a storage battery system experiences are hh

low technology maturity

Poor market development

Limited practical application

Lack of Government support due to high cost

Lack of business cases.

Today flow batteries are at R & D stage in Indian Grid. Manufacturing capability must be developed

Insight

Lead

Nickel

Few KW to several MW

Up to 2000 AH

140 Wh/Kg

20-80 Wh/Kg

Energy density Energy Efficiency

>85%

≈ 100%

>90%

Life (years)

Cycle life (Cycles)

2000

>5000

>3000

Operating temperature range

-30°C to 50°C

-40°C to 60°C

High operating temperature reduces cost of air conditioning and increasing energy output

technical progress, non availability of standards and codes, lack of awareness among stake holders.

store higher power/energy in terms of MW/MWH

quickly comes up to full power when needed

long cycle life

The applications in the operation and management of grid are load following, area regulation, reserve capacity, voltage support, ease in transmission congestion and capex deferment, improvement in power quality and reliability, ease in operation of micro grid of renewable grid operation. ▪

Capacity

in Indian market for flow batteries with a needed emphasis on reduction in cost. Vanadium Redox flow batteries are different from other conventional flow batteries as above battery only use vanadium (store charges in electrolyte) while other batteries use two different material. One material gives an advantage that there is less contamination degradation. The advantage of these batteries is hh

increased energy density

can operate at current density

Lithium

1AH to 16000 AH ( In India upto 5000 AH) 25-50 Wh/Kg140 #WH/Kg

increased

can be idle for long time without loosing energy In Indian context the challenges to grid scale energy storage are different market, limited pilot demonstrations lack of adequate hh

Alok Gupta

Member, MPERC

January 2017

InFocus

new trend is being observed in the behaviour pattern of the B2B busine ss; Trade of Industrial and Electrical supplies on a B2B e-commerce website is now becoming a hassle-free process and there is a gradual increase in the supply and demand of MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Operations) products online. From the buyer’s perspective, an online website provides an integrated product list with a wide variety of brands from which they can pick the best one depending on their requirement. This system also enables a shorter ordering/ delivery cycle which results in the reduction of inventory costs. It is believed that in some businesses, inventory costs account for almost 90% of the total product cost, so even a modest reduction in this area can result in dramatic savings. Also, when a company receives an electronic invoice in a timely manner, it can take advantage of discount terms, effectively paying less for the product. Besides the cost-effective element, online sales model can also manage the irregularity of the consumption rate of these products.

This, perhaps, is one of the most powerful advantage of an online sales model wherein a company can now move from the “one-tomany” model, where one company had to procure all of its supplies from many suppliers, to “many-tomany,” where organizations are integrating their processes with online B2B retailers to automate and facilitate the purchase of their goods online. From the seller’s perspective, a consistent decrease in customer acquisition cost is observed along with improved customer engagement. Also, when an e-commerce portal works hard to give the customers the best service possible, they earn loyal customers which invariably leads to a decrease in expenses to support the existing consumers.

today’s industrial markets of shrinking sales, reduced margins and increasing costs, B2B online companies can substantially decrease sales costs by up to 90% by guiding customers to an online selfservice e-commerce environment. There is also a significant decrease in the overhead costs due to the elimination of human power. As the system is well-structured, it is error-free and no extra money is spent in rectifying those errors. The smooth functioning also means the seller can receive payments sooner, thereby improving his/her cash position. Now, the picture can’t be all too rosy. So, coming to the difficult

To give you a better perspective of the financial savings, in

January 2017

InFocus

part of this process - catering to the specificity of each product. Primarily, a B2B e-commerce website should provide in-depth product details, high-resolution images, customer reviews, and social media input. To enable this, a multi-step process is needed which will bring back the customers to the site and convert them into steady buyers. A major part of the above process is the provision of tech-help to make the customers understand how the product works and what are its best applications. To realise this e-commerce dream, tech-savvy entrepreneurs are entering this arena with structured strategies and a set framework. Based on experience in the offline version of this business, we decided to branch out and expand into the online B2B sector. Working ground up, my team and I structured a

An ISO 9001:2008 Company

research team and months of hard work later, Industricals. com came into the picture. With an amazing range of products, detailed technical information, quick delivery system and economical prices, we aim to revolutionizing the means of trade and supply related problems in India. Breaking the barriers of geographical restrictions, offline trade and unfulfilled services, we plan on being the best in the space of supplying and aggregating industrial and electrical supplies.

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January 2017

Interactive Session with CEA I

EEMA Conductor Division Conduct an interactive session of IEEMA Conductor Division under the chairmanship of Mr Manish Aggarwal with senior officials from Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and other Transmission Industry members was held on November 11, 2016. Mr Kalpesh Shah, Vice Chairman, Conductor Division, Mr S K Mohapatra, Chief Engineer, CEA, Mr B K Arya, Chief Engineer, CEA, Mr Manish Agarwal, Chairman Conductor Division, Mr Chaitanya Desai, Executive Council Member . There were numerous key pointers emerged out of the discussion like that of; about the proposal on utilization of advanced technology Conductors in Transmission System, CEA Chairperson Mr SD Dubey said that “the maximum benefits of High Performance Conductors (HPC) has been realized in 132kV & 220kV levels of Transmission System and also encouraged the Industry to pay attention towards implementing HPC conductors in distribution sector for reducing the transmission losses. Country has realized the importance of HPC in Transmission System and based on that CEA has released “draft guide lines covering technical specifications for High Performance Conductors (HPC) and its hardware fittings and qualifying requirements of bidders” after incorporating suggestions/comments from the industry.” The members raised about usage of HPC conductors for longer lengths in foreign countries, CEA explained that Angular position of two nodes and

line loading is the important criteria for designing. For Zonal nodal studies, 30 degree of angular separation limit is considered. In higher voltages, with increase in distance, the angular difference also increases. Because of this reason, it is advantageous to use HPC at high voltage levels when the line length is short. For Quad lines, transmission lines are designed based on Radio Interference and corona. More bundles of conductors may be required in such lines. So, using of HPC in quad lines is to be studied further. Additionally, there was a mention of covered conductors as an upcoming technology by CEA and Industry has been encouraged to create capability to produce and supply the same. On the discussions about benefits for the transmission/ conductor industry because of new proposed General Network Access (GNA), it is informed that CERC prepared a staff paper on GNA for solving the drawbacks in present transmission planning and same is available on CERC website. The main focus of GNA is to solve the uncertainty of LTOA, MTOA & STOA issues and problems facing by generators in fixing of the target beneficiaries. GNA may come in to reality within couple of years and subjected to modifications after further comments from stakeholders and other industry people. On discussions around health monitoring of 35 to 40 years old conductors, CEA advised the industry to share such available technologies and technology developers. On the suggestion about encouraging research and development in India, instead of importing equipment’s and adopting new technologies, the need for encouraging and providing more financial aid to research utilities like CPRI, ERDA etc. for establishment of advanced lab

January 2017

facilities & other research equipments was emphasized by the members. CEA agreed with Industry members about difficulties in planning new transmission system because of ROW issues and also highlighted the necessity of reconductoring existing transmission system. Insulated Cross Arm for optimization of Right of Way has to be considered. To solve these ROW issues, members deliberated on the possibility of converting overhead transmission to underground transmission system. CEA replied that underground transmission is 6 times costlier than overhead transmission & Monopole needs lesser ROW than underground construction. The possibility for construction of underground transmission below 33 kV can be studied. For some of the lines, possibilities of implementing GIL lines are in discussions. Industry appreciated CEA advisory issued on Domestic competitive bidding for domestic funded projects of MoPs, CPSUs, PFC, REC . However, industry members

expressed their concerns that the advisory is not followed in true spirit by many utilities and thus its objective & intention is getting defeated. CEA took note of it and assured to lay thrust on the advisory. Representative from Hardware division highlighted concern that for new type of conductors as HPC etc. being installed in the country, all hardware is being imported as bid requirement ask for field experience. It was highlighted that type tested HPC hardware manufactured in India exists in the country. Chairman CEA noted this concern and promised to look into it and issue necessary advisory for use of Make in India Hardware for transmission and distribution lines with new technology conductors. It was further highlighted that State and Central Transmission Utility be provided some incentive or budget allocation for installing new technology products manufactured in India and some percentage (say 1 or 2%) of their revenue should be assigned for introduction of new technology. L1 bidding may not be insisted for such introduction of technology as L1 bidding and Innovation does not go together. â&#x2013;Ş

(L to R): Mr Kalpesh Shah, Vice Chairman, Conductor Division, Mr S K Mohapatra, Chief Engineer, CEA, Mr B K Arya, Chief Engineer, CEA, Mr Manish Agarwal, Chairman Conductor Division, Mr Chaitanya Desai, Executive Council Member.

January 2017

Opinion

Overview of Requirement of Electrical Installation, IEE Wiring Regulations, as per British Standard BS7671:2008 and

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard, IEC 60364 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Electrical Installation For Buildingâ&#x20AC;?

ureau of Indian Standards (BIS) have following standards for Electrical installation for buildings.

Indian Standards code of practice for electrical wiring installation IS732:1989, Third Edition, May 2007. Indian Standards, Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring , Third revision, IS 732:1989, Reaffirmed 2005

Indian standards are based on IEC 60364 and National Electrical Code, USA (NEC). These standards are not updated and not easy to understand and there is no clear answer to electrical installation for buildings. IEC is based in Geneva, Switzerland, published electrical standards. British and European standards are based on IEC 60364. These standards are followed in most of countries in world. These are updated regularly. BS 7671:2008 Standard is to prevent shock and fire, Arcing Ground fault, thermal effect from arc, under voltage, Overvoltage, loss of power supply, Electromagnetic Disturbances in installations.

January 2017

Objective and Scope Overview of electrical installations as per IEC 60364 and BS7671:2008 and to prevent electric Shock in building. Article is overview of IEC standard. Please, do NOT attempt to do any electrical work by yourself. Please, take advice from qualified professional.

History Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE), UK, developed the first standard in 1882. This became British Standard in 2001, BS7671:2001. This standard has still return name of IEE. BS 7671 has converged towards (and is largely based on) the European Committee for Electro technical Standardization (CENELEC) harmonisation documents, and therefore is technically very similar to the current wiring regulations of other European countries. This article is based on IEE 17th Edition, BS7671:2008. IEE 18th edition BS 7671:2018 will be published in June 2018.

Opinion

TN-S: separate protective earth (PE) and neutral (N) conductors from transformer to consuming device, which are not connected together at any point after the building distribution point.

TN-C: combined PE and N conductor all the way from the transformer to the consuming device.

Voltage This standard is applicable to low Voltage (LV) less than 1000V AC or 1500VDC. Extra Low Voltage (ELV) is applicable to < 50V AC and < 120V DC.

Electrician’s subject on Electrical Installation in UK Electrician’s qualification has the course in “Wiring Regulations for Electrical Installation as per BS7671”. Electrician’s Licence must be approved by the electrical contractor association (ECA). Part P certificate is regulations for electrical installation in dwelling. We can introduce similar course in India.

TN-C-S earthing system: combined PEN conductor from transformer to building distribution point, but separate PE and N conductors in fixed indoor wiring and flexible power cords.

I –

It means that either no point is connected to Earth or it is connected via high impedance N – It means that there is direct connection to neutral at the source of installation which is in turn connected to the ground Based on a combination of these three letters, there are three families of Earthing arrangements proposed by IEC as, TN Network, TT Network, and IT Network. TN Network has three sub types TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S. TT system: Earth at source and consumer

IT System: Isolated Earth at source

There are seven parts to BS 7671: 2008 as follows 1 Scope, Object, and Fundamental Principles 2 Definitions 3 Assessment of General Characteristics and external influences. 4 Protection for safety 5 Selection and Erection of Equipment 6 Inspection and Testing 7 Locations with increase or high increase shock risk location and Fire.

IEC Standard for System Earthing; IEC Standard 60364 specifies a Two Letter Codes to identify type of earthing. It also defines three families of Earthing arrangements. The Letters used are as follows: T–

(French word “Terre” meaning Earth) – It means direct connection of a point to earth

Neutral Earthing discussion: First fault must be cleared. If second fault occurs in other phase, then arcing leakage current may flow between 2 phases which may cause shock and fire. If neutral is not earth then past experienced shown that during the phase voltage fault will rise 5 to 7 times the rated voltage, will damage all insulations in system. TN-C: Earth and neutral combine. This is not used in practice. In this, there is a combined conductor called PEN (Protective Earth-Neutral) which is connected to earth at the source. If neutral is cut then exposed and extraneous conductive parts may rise to maximum 230V. TN-C-S: Earth and neutral combine and then separate. This widely use in USA and Europe. In TN-C-S, at main, neutral is connected to earth bar.

January 2017

Opinion

Inside building, Neutrals and earth wires are separate. This system is also called “Protective Multiple Earthing” (PME), because neutral is connected to earth with earth electrodes at multiple points. The earth electrode must be installed at consumer. Advantage: Neutral act as Protective conductor. Fault current flow through neutral. You have definite path for Automatic Disconnection of protective device during fault. Disadvantage: If neutral is cut before incomer of main supply then during fault, it can flow through consumer earth electrode. All earthed metal parts voltage rise above earth. Due to above reason, this system is not used in Increase shock risk location, e.g. swimming pools, Marina, Petrol pump. Refer to standard for further detail.

and duration time; hh

Amount current flowing through body, in mA

Duration of time flow thorough body, in Ms

Location of body where shock current flow; hh

Touch potential, Hand to Hand, most severe as current flow through heart.

Step potential, standing in open ground during the fault.

Types of protection of electrical equipment to prevent shock: hh

Touching live parts is called Basic Protection.

Touching Exposed conductive electrical enclosure during fault is called fault Protection.

Method of protection against Basic Protection; hh

Insulation e.g. wires and cables

TT Network: Earth at source and earth at consumer. This is widely in many countries and USA

Barrier or enclosure e.g. electrical panel metal enclosure

Consumer employs its own local earth connection in the premises. Advantage: simple to install.

Additional protection must be by RCD 30mA.

Other methods are not much use practice, if use, then shall be supervised by skill persons.

Disadvantage: shock risk depends on resistance of earth electrodes. Resistance varies in season. During fault, Resistance may not be low enough to disconnect by protective device. RCD must be used in all final circuits. Resistance is measurement is responsibility of consumer. Does consumer measure?

(1) By obstacles, (2) Placing out of reach. (3) Non Conducting Locations.

TN-S: Earth and neutral separate. System is used one transformer to supply complete facility. In this, separate conductors for Protective Earth (PE) and neutral run from source to Consumer’s electrical installation. Advantage: Protective conductors are in control of consumers so these can be check regularly. IT: Isolated neutral, this system widely use in hospital ICU room and Critical application. Advantage: First fault will not trip MCB. Please, must be rectified before second fault occur.

Protection against Electric shock Shock risk depends on location with following surrounding External Influences: hh

Dry Location and dry body, body resistance consider 1000 ohms.

Wet location, wet body, body resistance decrease from 500 ohms to 250 ohms.

Outdoor, touching or standing on open earth ground, technical term is called true earth.

Touching Earthed Potential conductive parts during fault e.g. gas pipes, metal water pipes

Severity of shock depends on Shock Current Value

January 2017

Earth free equipotential, all metal parts are bonded. E.g. Water and gas pipes

Types of Shock Risk location due to external influences: hh

Shock risk location (SRL)

Dry Location, Dry Body and inside the equipotential zone.

Increase shock risk location (ISRL)

Wet Location, outside the dwelling standing or touching open ground e.g.: construction site.

High increase shock risk location (HISRL). This is for our understanding. Wet body, Body immerse in water e.g. bathroom, shower and tube and Swimming pool.

Methods of protection against shock due to Fault Protection: 1

Shock Risk Location (SRL):

Automatic disconnection of supply (ADS) is by protective devices and equipotential bonding of conductive parts. Additional protection by Residual Current (RCD) 30mA for sockets. This is most common method.

Increase Shock Risk location (ISRL):

By Electrical Separation by Double Wound Isolating Transformer, no earth on secondary.

Extra Low voltage less than 50V or 120V DC increase shock risk location.

Class II equipment, Double insulation, e.g. electrical tools, do not have earth wire.

Opinion

Reduced Voltage system by transformer, 110 V Line to Line and Line to earth 55V.

3 High Increase Shock risk location (HISRL): hh

Reduced Extra Low voltage (RELV) < 25V and < 60V DC E.g. Reduced Extra Low Voltage < 12V or 30V DC, e.g. use in Bathroom tube, Swimming pools.

Reduced low voltage What is reduced low voltage? Nominal voltage of a reduced low voltage system as: not exceeding 110 V a.c. rms between lines, i.e. threephase 63.5 V to earthed neutral, single-phase 55 V to earthed midpoint.

Shock risk location: less than 50V AC or 120V DC is specified. Increased shock risk location: less than 25 volts AC and 60 volts DC (ripple-free) is specified. High increase shock risk locations: Lower voltage 12V AC is specified e.g. Bathtub, metal tanks.

Automatic disconnection time for protective devices during fault in TN and TT system

Basic protection is provided by basic insulation or barriers and enclosures; and Fault protection is automatic disconnection of supply with a protective device in each line. Application: Reduced low voltage systems are used extensively in construction sites, workshops and for supplies to laboratory equipment.

Electrical separation Double Wound Transformer with NO earth connected on secondary side. Voltage at primary side is 230V and secondary is same 230V. E.g. Shaver Socket in bathroom.

Extra Low Voltage Circuits Extra-low voltage (ELV) is an electricity supply carries a low risk of dangerous electrical shock. Line to Line and Line to earth voltage does not exceed 50 V AC or 120 V D.C. (ripple free).

The protective measure â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;automatic disconnection of supplyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by protective device, MCB or fuse, is by far the most common method. Shock risk depends on voltage and total time current flow.

Final circuits disconnection time (s) Less than 0.4

Distribution circuits disconnection time (s) Less than 5

Less than 0.2

Less than 1

System

Tripping time for final circuit is 0.4s and Distribution circuit is 5s? Why? Final circuits are connected from socket to moveable tools with flexible wires and grip with hand. Electric Shock can paralysis hand so you cannot let go (remove) a tool from hand. Distribution circuit is connected to fix equipment, you touch and remove hand easily.

13 Equipotential bonding of exposed and extraneous conductive parts

There are three types of systems SELV, PELV and FELV. We will study SELV.

Main Equipotential Protective Bonding (MEPB) at the main intake of supply:

This is one of the safest method against electric Shock.

Equipotential means all earthed conductive parts at same voltage during fault, e.g. when touch exposed parts of washing machine during the fault and earthed metal water or gas pipe. Both are bonded with wire then during the fault then you do not shock.

Basic protection: in the form of enclosures, barriers or basic insulation. Fault protection: Voltage is less than 50V AC so no shock risk in dry location, dry body. SELV and PELV supplies are from safety isolating transformers in BS EN 61558-2-6.

Exposed means metal Electrical enclosure and extraneous means earthed conductive parts e.g.: metal water and gas pipes etc. they are already inside earth so at ground potential.

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Opinion

All Exposed and Extraneous parts as below shall be bonded with main earth terminals. hh

Metal water installation pipes;

gas installation pipes;

other installation pipework and ducting;

central heating and air-conditioning services; and

Extraneous metal structural parts of a building.

PVC pipes: Now, water pipes are insulated PVC. Water and electricity do not mix together but sweet water resistance in pipe is high. PVC pipes are not connected to equipotential bonding.

Supplementary bonding: At Increase and high increase shock risk location addition, protective Bonding must be done between earthed exposed and extraneous conductive parts at location of parts. Purpose of Equipotential bonding: DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE IMPORTANT OF THIS. hh

This is reduce shock voltage. How much? Refer to standard.

All conductive parts, earthed exposed extraneous parts are same potential.

Simple wire is joined two conductive parts can save life, cost nothing compare to life.

and

Main Equipotential reduce shock voltage. How much? See diagram below.. This very interesting to see how MEPB can reduce shock voltage. Example: Person is touching equipment (2) and water pipe (5) during the fault. Circuit protective conductor resistance (CPC) is 1 ohm. Earth electrode resistance is 5 ohms. Voltage is 240V. Human body resistance is 1000 ohms, which is parallel to 1 ohms (CPC), ignored in calculation.

Question and Answer Which are HIGH increase shock risk locations in buildings? Bathrooms and outdoor. Bathroom: Bathrooms are HIGH increase shock risk location, many accidents happens. Location: Wet body, presence of water, bare foot, Shower with flexible pipe can spray water all over place. The presence of water can occur in several ways (for example, splashing, steam/humidity, condensation). There may be leakage in concrete floor, touching earthed reinforcing steel bar. This requires careful planning and study. Example: Three children were in bath tub with hand dryer. All three children died. Hand Dryer is not water proof. Children resistance in water is about 240 ohms or less. Voltage is 240V divide by 240 Ohm, current flow through body 1A. Q1 What types of electrical equipment can be installed in bathroom? A1 Our bathrooms are generally small, about 6 feet by 5 feet. As per standards, Electrical installations shall comply with following points: hh

Light fitting, preferably insulated, must be water proof minimum IPX5.

Answer: Using simple formula of voltage divide. With MEPB, shock voltage is voltage drop in 1 ohm, CPC, 40V. Without MEPB, Shock voltage, voltage drop in CPC and earth electrode is 240V.

All circuits shall be protected by 30mA RCD.

Exhaust fan 230V shall not be installed.

Exhaust Fan 12V AC can be installed. Available in market for bathroom.

Equipotential bonding of earthed exposed and extraneous conductive parts.

Water heater socket shall not be installed inside.

NO SOCKET shall be inside the bathroom.

KEY 1 CPC, Circuit Protective Conductor

NO Electrical point for fan. If you touch phase and neutral then you may not survive.

2 Exposed-Conductive-Part

I think best option is ventilation grill or 12V exhaust fan.

3 Main Earthing Terminal 4 Protective Bonding Conductor 5 Extraneous-Conductive-Part (Water Pipe) 6 Extraneous Conductive-Part (Steel Column) 7 Earthing Conductor 8 Earth Electrode 9 PEN Conductor

Outdoor equipment Landscape lights and moveable equipment: Outdoor are HIGH increase shock risk location, where many accidents happen. Outdoor electrical installations are most discussed and challenging for shock protection.

10 Point of Source Earthing

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Opinion

Location: Standing on open ground, wet body, wet area, bare foot, and low resistance earth to source. May be cuts in flexible wire of equipment.

Totally protected against dust

Outdoor lights and equipment are widely use. Light can be fixed on perimeter wall, light fix on the path, decorative lights, flexible lights within reach of person, Fix pole light, Lawn mower, drill and etc. Each requires careful planning and study to prevent shock. hh

All electrical items shall be water proof to IP protection to IPX4 or IPX5.

All MOVABLE items with less than 32A must be protected by 30mA RCD, install indoor.

Decorative movable light fittings shall be 12V AC or 30V DC.

Omitting RCD protection for any socket-outlet on the basis of a risk assessment is a serious matter and must never be done lightly. Designer has to justify for omission.

Ingress Protection for Enclosure against Solid Particle and Liquid as per BS EN 60529

Main methods of protection against shock from fault: 1

Equipotential bonding:

All electrical installations: Main equipotential bonding must be done for earthed exposed and extraneous Conductive parts at the consumer main incomer supply.

Increase shock risk and High Increase shock risk locations. Additional equipotential bonding must be done for all earthed exposed and extraneous conductive parts at location of conductive parts.

Method of Protection against shock risk: (1) Automatic disconnection of supply. (2) Double insulation or reinforce insulation. (3) Electrical Separation from double wound isolating transformer. (3) Reduced Low Voltage, Line to line 110V, Line to Earth 55V. (4) Extra Low Voltage, less than 50V AC or 120V DC. (5) Reduce Extra Low Voltage, less then 12V DC or 30V DC. (6) Additional protection must be by RCD 30mA

What are the numerical codes? Ingress Protection Classification First Number IP Protection Provided 0 No Protection 1 Protected against solid objects up to 50mm e.g. accidental touch by hands 2 Protected against solid objects up to 12mm e.g. fingers 3 Protected against solid objects over 2.5mm e.g. tools 4 Protected against solid objects over 1mm e.g. wires 5

Second Number IP Protection Provided 0 No Protection 1 Protected against vertically falling drops of water e.g. condensation

Protected against 5 dust - limited ingress (no harmful deposit)

Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15 deg from the vertical Protected against direct sprays of water up to 60 deg from the vertical Protected against water sprayed from all directions - limited ingress permitted Protected against low pressure jets of water from all directions - limited ingress permitted

Protected against strong jets of water e.g. for use on shipdecks - limited ingress permitted Protected against the effects of immersion between 15cm and 1m Protected against long periods of immersion under pressure

Summary

IP is an acronym for Ingress Protection.Â How to specify IP protection of equipment? In Bathroom, Light fitting and outdoor shall be IPX4 or IPX5. X does not mean NO protection. You have protection against water 4 or 5 number then protect against dust also. This is most overlooked by buyer. Buy from reputed manufacturer and look symbol IPX4 or IPX5 on fitting, otherwise every rainy season, you have to change light fittings.

3 Basic Protection: Enclosure or barrier and additional Protection are by RCD of 30mA. 4

Fault Protection

Shock risk location, Dry location, Dry Body:

(1) Automatic disconnection of supply (ADS) is by protective device. (2) Main equipotential bonding (3) Additional, protection must be by RCD for all socket outlets and outdoor equipment.

Increase shock risk location, wet body, wet area, touching earth conductive parts:

(1) Extra Low Voltage < 50V AC or 60V DC. (2) Electrical separation by Double wound isolating transformer, e.g. Shaver socket. (3) Reduce low voltage 110 V line and Line to Earth 55 V. (4) Double insulation or reinforce insulation. They do not have earth wire. 3

High Increase shock risk location: Reduced Extra Low Voltage (RELV):

12 V DC or 30 V DC e.g. Special Locations, Bathroom tube, shower and Swimming pool.

Purpose of Equipotential Bonding: DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE IMPORTANT OF THIS.

Reduces shock voltage. All conductive parts are

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Opinion

same potential. (2) Simple wire joining two earthed conductive parts can save life, cost nothing compare to life. 5

External influences on shock risk:

Presence of water, wet body, Outdoor standing or touching open ground. Touching Earthed conducting parts, metal water pipes, Gas pipes and etc.

References The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is professional Engineering institute which publish all the standards, BS7671 and Guides as per referenced 6. 1.

www.iet.org “Requirement of Electrical Installation IEE Wiring Regulations” British Standard 7671:2008. IET (Institute of Engineering and Technology), UK, you can refer to Guidance notes and other books available to explain this standard.

www.iet.org, publish “wiring Matters” every 3 months, which explain BS7671.

Electrical Contractor Association (ECA), UK, “Guide to the Wiring Regulations, 17th Edition, IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671: 2008)”, by Darrell Locke, www.eca.co.uk. This book is written by Practical people in this field. I recommend buy this book. You can get this online.

The Electrician’s Guide to the IEE Wiring Regulations BS7671:2008, Amendment 3, By John Whitfield, EPA Press, UK, you can get this book on www.amazon.in

5 Electrical Installation Guide 2016, (IEC), is Published by Schneider Electric, French company. This company is actively involved to develop IEC standards. This Book can be downloaded officially from Internet. This is very good book and answers all your questions to electrical installations as per IEC 60364... 6 hh hh

IET, develop and publish the BS7671:2008 guide to standards as below IEE Guidance Note No. 1: Selection and erection; IEE Guidance Note No. 2: Isolation and switching;

IEE Guidance Note No. 3: Inspection and testing;

IEE Guidance Note No. 4: Protection against fire;

IEE Guidance Note No. 5: Protection against electric shock;

IEE Guidance Note No. 6: Protection against overcurrent;

IEE Guidance Note No. 7: Special locations;

IEE Guidance Note No. 8: Earthing and bonding;

IEE On-site Guide: Guidance for the small installation.

BS 7430, Code of practice for earthing. ▪ Gajaria Gokaldas,

B.E.and M.E. (USA), Worked in US Navy and Ministry of Electricity and water in Bahrain for 25 years

January 2017

Opinion

he Indian Government’s focus on growth through sustainable development is driving the Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) market in India. Rebounding to the challenges faced by the Indian economy, India is saving an estimated Rs 90,000 crore ($14 billion) per year by investing in energy efficiency. In today’s competitive market, there is an enhanced focus on substantial commercial promise to have remote or automatic control over their work stations or buildings via smart solutions. Now control over building’s heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), lighting and security is just one click away. Thanks to automation, now buildings are also becoming ‘Smart’.

How Automation works Nowadays, owners and key decision makers are investing in a variety of solutions to enable their buildings with data rich environment by embodying the technology foundation of the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing. The concept of interconnecting different building systems to control things is nothing new. But the challenge is to take data

from a wide variety of sources and turn it into actionable information. In simpler terms, Building Automation Systems are centralized connected networks of hardware and software through which one can monitor as well as control the environment in various buildings, be it residential apartments or commercial facilities like hospitals, hotels, shopping complexes or offices.

from different income groups, it’s safe to say that affordability factor is addressed to give resourceefficient, cost effective and eco friendly solution to the consumers. Experts suggest creating new opportunity for smart homes which are energy efficient, safe, luxurious, and convenient and are affordable for masses.

It is broadly segmented into HVAC, Lighting Controls, Electronic Security and Safety; and Energy Management Systems. Reliability, energy efficiency and costoptimization are mandatory requirements for a modern building automation and control system. The commercial building segment is majorly driving the demand for BACS Indian market on account of increasing number of shopping malls, IT/ITeS office buildings, educational institutes, etc.

How Building Management System helps

In this era of 4G deployment, the demand for energy efficient solutions and the requirement for the generation’s digitization standards need to be met in a cost effective manner which contributes across various segments of society. By categorizing the likely customers

Building Management System (BMS) is a cloud based artificial intelligence. The BMS software applications are unified across three levels to maximize efficiency. Enterprise level: This is the evaluation level where scenarios are selected that meet financial, regulatory and business objectives which helps in driving sustainability strategies effectively; Operations Level: On this level analysis and optimization is done for operations, energy and assets on an enterprise or site specific basis; Control Level: This level includes controlling process performance, ensuring business continuity and tracking energy consumption in real time whether on site or remotely.

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Opinion

Sectoral impact

In today’s era where there is need and demand for smart buildings, BMS has an important contribution in controlling energy wastage. A BMS enables centralized control and monitoring of energy use and environmental comfort. It validates performance of equipment and displays their energy consumption. It also optimizes operations of equipment or systems and provides new insights into how building systems work together. The introduction of Building Analytics is also a boon for the domain as it converts big data from the BMS into actionable intelligence which improves facility performance. Building Analytics not just allows you to monitor mechanical plant and equipment inefficiencies but it can also be used to pinpoint systems and equipments that have irregularities with prioritization based on the severity of impact on cost, comfort, energy and maintenance.

Hospitals because of their healthcare facilities are the second most energy-intensive buildings consuming more energy per square metre than any other type of building, marginally falling next to food services. So, for unlocking the capital trapped in conventional hospital infrastructure, BMS becomes a key component. It can be applied in areas such as heating, ventilation and airconditioning, lighting systems and control, as well as construction materials. It can also be used to integrate patient’s safety defences with the facility system in order to prevent adverse events. Infant abductions and unexpected patient departure can also be monitored from the system. Automation technology makes LED Lights ‘smart’ i.e. one can use them as per their requirement. Lights can sense motion of a person and act accordingly. The lights will turn on only if they receive the required level of intensity or if they sense a person’s presence or his motion. It will save energy when the place is unoccupied. This kind of automation technology is best suited for hotels but can also be incorporated in homes, parking lots etc. This integrated energy management system will significantly reduce total life cycle cost of a building, allowing superior management at minimal cost.

Cost and Savings The installation cost of BMS depends on the size of the building and service cost depends on the

extent of automation planned. The payback from a fully integrated BMS starts from the initial days of the installation and continues throughout the life cycle of the system. It is estimated that HVAC systems consumes upto 60 percent of the energy use while lighting consumes upto 10 percent. Automation also helps in optimizing the working of the equipment according to our needs instead of making it function continuously. Thus, Automation helps in making our buildings energy efficient, safe and reliable. Also, one can have greater savings and faster Return on Investment (ROI) when systems are networked and integrated with a BMS.

Way ahead In today’s era, cities are developing with a ‘smart city’ vision as the concept of green and smart buildings is being adopted by commercial as well as residential segments. Although there is requirement for high initial investments which is a challenge but the demand for having buildings equipped with BMS is witnessing a steep rise. It is driven by initiatives that encourage green solutions and energy harvesting propositions. BMS also provides a unique identity to the structure and makes it more reliable and secure. It also helps in cost-cutting by managing the power efficiently and one can monitor or control the entire work station from one place. Gradually people are moving towards automation but for India to make a mark on the world map, the road is long. There is a need to make people aware of the automation technology and its benefits. Also, the organizations that are already availing the benefits of Automation should pass on the tradition and knowledge among their community members. ▪ Mr Srinivas Chebbi

Vice President, Eco Buildings & partners (India & SAARC), Schneider Electric India

January 2017

TechSpace

lectric power distribution networks are a direct link of power system to the consumers. The bottleneck weaknesses of a distribution network can be countered using Mobile Service Station (MSS). This paper describes the various components used in the MSS and it explains about the important aspects that need to be considered while designing and installing the MSS. Result and outcomes found while making a road trail on MSS is also mentioned.

Introduction: Electricity has become an essential element of the infrastructure of contemporary society. Planning the strategies to maintain system reliability is a key task for network operators in order to ensure that the frequency and duration of outage experienced by their customers are within the targets imposed by both Energy Regulators (ERs) and Security of Supply (SoS) necessities. But internal inspection and maintenance outages interrupt power supply to the customers and require an alternate transformer to take loads. Failure due to vegetation, ageing, excessive load, lack of maintenance, earthquake or weather conditions, may seriously affect the power networks as shown in Table 1. The Monte-Carlo method of reliability assessment says that: fault rate (λ ) , equivalent failure rate (λeq ) and mean repair time (d eq ) considering total number of power components in each part of the system (N ) can be given by Eq. (1) to Eq. (3),

Table 1: Reliability Parameters of Distribution Line

Distribution Category

LV Distribution Network MV Distribution Network

Average Failure Rate (failures/ year)

Repair Time (hours/ year)

Urban

2.51

17.5

SubUrban

1.21

Rural

0.87

Urban

2.26

45.9

SubUrban

4.09

67.9

Rural

4.33

74.4

The Fig. A characterizes general failure bathtub curve of power distribution assets. The outage rate is high at the initial phase due to manufacturing defect and the incompleteness of establishment. At normal operating stage, the failure rate is uniform and at the aging stage, the failure rate is mounting because of the aging.

Initial Stage

Normal Operating Stage

Aging Stage

λ = (Number of Failures)/(Number of Components considered*Number of Years of Recorded Data) (1) Average Failure Rate

λeq = ∑ λi i =1

d eq

(2)

1 N = ∑ di N i =1

Time Varying Failure Rate

(3)

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TechSpaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

Mobile substations can quickly restore power supply following an outage caused by natural disasters. It provides temporary service until permanent facilities are restored. The MSS is equipped with all substation hardware accessories along with protective devices.

eased with the help of gin pole. The complete setup is faster and requires less effort.

It is provided with modular flanged pole which work as tension poles. Stay sets are used to anchor the poles to the ground. MSS contains all the anchor components for all kind of soil and rocks. Since all the components are on trolley, they can be transported anywhere easily. Quick integration with the network and portability are the most important advantages of these mobile substations. Power can be tapped by using hot line stick from the live line without any shutdown. The design and installation of a mobile substation have certain things that are need to be considered, which are not present when dealing with conventional substations, such as components safety during transportation, weights on the trolley, electrical clearance during installation. Mobile Service Substation: A MSS of 11/0.44 kV is designed considering the difficulties in transportation and weight. This MSS has a Completely Self Protected (CSP) transformer that has an inbuilt protective system for the LV side. HV side has an Air Break (AB) switch and Drop Out (DO) fuse for protection. H-type pole is used for mounting the HV side protective equipment with MSS. In order to reduce the weight on the poles, the transformer is fixed with the trolley. All the equipments, other than the transformer, are stored in a compartment under the base of the trolley. Four-wheel tandem axle is used for distributing the trolley load evenly. If the load is not leveled, it can cause extra wear and tear on one set of axles and reduce the life of the tires. Initially, bottom parts of the pole are fixed with the trolley using nut-bolt arrangement. Belting angles are used to distribute the load on the pole. The top sections of the pole have the tension fittings and the HV side protective elements such as AB Switch, DO Fuse, Lightning Arrester (LA). They are assembled on the ground and lifted using a gin pole. Gin pole is basically a pole with a pulley or block and tackle arrangement that is used for lifting purpose. The gin poleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s free end extends above the object that has to be lifted. Once the pole bases are fixed, gin pole is assembled and it lifts the other two sections of the pole. After complete assembly, gin poles are dropped down. Design Considerations: The major difference between a conventional and proposed model is the top-entry approach, where incoming line is located at top and outgoing is at bottom. All the HV side components are mounted at a suitable height thereby maintaining the safety norms and are at a distance bit away from human reach. Fully insulated cables are dropped down and terminated in an enclosed chamber within the transformer. This approach reduces the required ground clearance. The assembly and mounting of the HV component on top of the poles are

The incoming HV line is taken from the top using the tension arrangements. It is then passed through LA, AB switch and DO fuse. Transformer steps down the voltage and outgoing line transfer it to bus. Fig. 1 depicts the Single Line Diagram (SLD) of the MSS. The entire substation may be by-passed by making connections to line as they enter and leave the permanent substation. When the load is transferred to the mobile unit, the permanent substation will be de-energized. Alternative way is to by-pass only a part (e.g., HV and LV bus) of the permanent substation by making connections to some parts of the equipment, thus de-energizing only the transformer. Fencing can be done around MSS to prevent the entry of non-utility persons near it. Fence can be of lower standard since it is a temporary installation. In view of the discussions carried out in the above sections, the major components of MSS are portrayed in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Design aspects of MSS are discussed in the following sections:

Distribution Transformer CSP transformers are used to eliminate the need of separate protective system and thereby making the system compact. It has three inbuilt protective system. LV feeder system protection along with relevant protection. hh Circuit Breaker (CB) for overload and secondary fault protection. hh Magnetic strip to increase the opening speed of CB during high fault condition. A CSP installation takes half the time of non-CSP installation, which makes it the most convenient for MSS. In case of oil cooled transformer, the oil should be drained in a barrel before transportation and it has to be hh

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TechSpace

again filled during installation. Oil cooled transformers are heavier and this affects the mobility of the system. Hence, Air Natural (AN) cooled transformer is preferred to reduce the weight and time of installation. A brief specification of CSP transformer is presented in Table 2 as per IS:1180 (Part-I). Table 2: Specification of CSP Transformer Parameter

Specification

Cooling Type Tapping Insulation Class Temperature Rise Temperature Protection Rating Voltage

Dry Type Off Circuit Link â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Fâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Winding up to 1300 C

Vector Group

RTD

Rated Active Load Breaking Capacity Rated Transformer Off-Load Breaking Capacity Rated Line Charging Breaking Capacity

10 A 6.3 A (rms) 2.5 A (rms)

Expulsion type DO fuse is used to point out the fault quickly. In the event of fault, the fuse carrier blows and then hangs down vertically from the bottom contact and indicates faulty phase. Circuit can be restored again by lifting out the fuse carrier with the help of insulated operating rod. IS:9385 (Part-I to III) specification covers outdoor, open, drop-out expulsion type fuse cutouts suitable for installation in 50 Hz, 11 kV distribution system.

63 to 500 kVA 6.6 to 11/0.44 kV Dyn1 or Dyn5 or Dyn11 or any specific

AB Switch & DO Fuse Set AB switches are suitable for operation under off load conditions only and are intended to use on distribution substations and tapping sectionalizing points of 11kV lines. AB switch used in this MSS confirms to IS:9920 (Part-I to IV). This switch is used to connect or disconnect incoming cable to transformer sections from the main overhead power distribution line. It is made of galvanized steel base, and having 11kV accessories such as pin insulator, copper alloy contacts, for power connect / disconnect operation. These are usually found in group of three switches connected in parallel and presented in Table 3, essential electrical parameters are given. Table 3: Electrical Parameters for AB Switch Rated Voltage Rated Normal Current Rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage:

12 kV 200 A

(i) To earth and between poles (ii) Across the terminals of open switch Rated One Minute Power Frequency Withstand Voltage:

75 kV (Peak) 85 kV (Peak)

(i) To earth and between poles

28 kV (rms)

(ii) Across the terminal of open switch Temperature Rise:

32 kV (rms)

(i) Copper Contact (silver faced) in air

65 deg C

(ii) Terminal of the switch intended to be connected in extended conductors by bolts Rated Short Time Current Rated Peak Withstand Current

50 deg C 16 kA for one sec 40 kA

January 2017

Fig 2 Front View of MSS

Lightning Arrester & Insulator: In general, the probability of direct lightning strike on a mobile substation is lower than a permanent substation. This is due to shorter working period and smaller footprint However, in areas of high keraunic activity, direct strike shielding for the installation is required between phase and earth to improve the lightning performance and reduce failure rate. LA used in MSS conforms to IS:3070 (Part-III) and is mounted on each phase of the incoming line, to protect the transformer and associated line equipment from the occasional high voltage surges resulting from lightning or switching operations. Most of the 11kV equipment have a Basic Impulse Level (BIL) rating of 75kV. The earthing terminal of the LA is connected solidly to the transformer

TechSpace

tank earthing terminal. The important characteristics of LA are presented in Table 4. Table 4: Characteristics of Lightning Arrester Rated Voltage

11 kV

MCOV

9.35 kV

Discharge Current

5 kA

Creepage Distance

300 mm

The insulators used in MSS compiles with IS:731 (1963) and the insulator fittings comply with IS:2486 (Part-I) (1971) and IS:2486 (Part-II) (1963). These are type tested as per IS:196 (1966) and IS:731 (1971) before installing. Electrical and mechanical characteristics of insulators are given in Table 5: Table 5: Test Characteristics of Pin Insulator Highest System Voltage

12 kV(rms)

Wet Power Frequency Withstand Voltage

35 kV(rms)

Power Frequency Puncture Withstand Voltage

105 kV(rms)

Impulse Withstand Voltage

75 kV(Peak)

Minimum Failing Loads Creepage Distance

5 kN 230 mm

Stay Set & Anchoring Arrangement: Depending upon the soil condition, Anchors have to be chosen. Table 6 provides information on what type of anchor should be used. Four sets of all anchor types are stored in the trolley. An eye nut is connected with one end of the anchor. This is connected with a guy wire with the help of guy grips. Table 6: Anchors Classification

Cross Plate Anchor

Road Trial: The MSS is not in regular use and due to that servicing and test drive (i.e., brake tests at initial conditions, and during accelerating & decelerating mode) is needed prior to send it at site. The complete set up for MSS and its tools were tightly packed kept under the platform of the trolley excluding DT. A road test was performed on a mobile substation to know dynamic& standstill behaviour of a mobile substation with mounted component on the trolley. The mobile substation is transported to the site in accordance with the relevant norms of local transportation authority. It is made suitable to drive at speed upto 30 km/hr on pitched road and 10 km/hr on unpaved road. The following inspections of MSS have been performed before transportation:

Precautions before transportation hh

Lock and secure all frame and cabinet doors.

Carry a set of instruction manual and control drawings.

If oil type transformer is used, drain oil from the transformer tank.

Precautions after installation hh

Check nut and bolts for any loose connection.

Suitable for normal soil (dry)

Check whether poles are properly anchored.

Quickest and easiest type of anchoring

Tighten the stay wire using turn buckle.

Check if all the switches are in OFF position.

Safe positions of expulsion fuses are checked.

Continuity of the mobile substation’s ground bus and all connections to equipment is verified.

Screw Anchor and Ray Anchor

Suitable for loose soil

Rock Anchoring

Suitable for hard rock

Grounding: Neutral conductors of adequate faultcurrent carrying capacity can be installed from the mobile transformer to the grid. All the metallic parts are earthed properly. LA is earthed with other exposed metallic parts such as poles, transformer body. They are earthed using a copper bar that runs all along the base of the trolley. DT neutral is grounded separately. Earthing kit along with the installation tools are stored in the base of the trolley. It is also provisioned to connect with the existing ground. IEEE Std 80 guide is used for sizing the ground conductor. Four Wheel Trolley: The four-wheel trolley is attached with the pull bar which can be hooked to any vehicle and transported to desired place. Trolley is designed in

such a way that it can accommodate transformer on top and the other components in a storing chamber below. The trolley is provided with jack screw on 4 corners of the trolley which are dropped down and fixed at the destination to support the load of the MSS and avoid any slip. Trolley is designed to carry a maximum load of 4 tons. Since the setup needs to be transported, the entire setup is designed to weigh approximately 2 tons. It is designed in such a way that it can be transported on pitched road as well unconstructed road into the villages. Levelling deviations on MSS should not be more than 50 in any direction.

Conclusion In these days, failures of distribution substation are common and dominant due to operation of the system under stressed conditions. A brief introduction on current energy crises and the importance of MSS is made in this state-of-the-art of literature. Effective design considerations of various components that are used in MSS along with their functions are elaborated. Finally, results of the road trail made on the proposed model are also described. Unavailability or average interruption duration per year decreases from customer’s view point using mobile substation. The MSS could be justified when the annual benefit value using it exceeds the annual service discontinuity cost.

January 2017

TechSpace

REFERENCES 1

IEEE Standard 1268, “IEEE Guide for Safety in the Installation of Mobile Substation Equipment”, Jan. 2016.

Central Electricity Authority, “Guideline for Specifications of Energy Efficient Outdoor Type Three Phase and Singe Phase Distribution Transformers”, Aug. 2008. A. Paintini, “Lightning protection of overhead power distribution lines”, ICLP proceedings, Jul. 2008. A. B. Vasconcellos, J. R. Carvalho, M. S. C. Carvalho, M. W. Schlischting, T. I. R. C. Malheiro, L. V. Dutra and W. Gentil, “Proposal for development of a fragmented mobile substation for treatment of seasonal loads”, Renewable Energy & Power Quality Journal. vol.1 (13), 2015. J. Lopez-Roldan, J. Alfasten, J. Declercq, R. Gijs, P. Mossoux and M. Vandyck, “Technical considerations regarding the design and installation of mobile substations”, CIGRE Session, 2004. H. Dehghan, H. Ghaemi, S. M. Shadman and S. A. Khorasani, “Using the Mobile Substations in 132kVnetwork and studying their effects on the losses of network”, IEEE proceedings conference on Electrical Power Distribution Networks, 2012. N. Yousefpoor, A. Azidehak, S. Bhattacharya and B. Parkhideh, “Control of active mobile substations under system faults”, proceedings of the Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, pp. 1962-69, Oct. 2013. R. E. Brown, “Electric Power Distribution Reliability”, Section 4.5, pp. 134-141, New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002. ▪

3 4

Pradip Barua, Harish Agarwal, Md. Irfan Khan, Kumaran Ramadass, Anjan Sinha Roy, Dharmbir Prasad Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd.

January 2017

Techspaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

lectric motors in industrial applications consume 45% of the generated electrical energy worldwide. Electric motor systems are, by far, the most important type of load in industry, accounting for approximately 70% of industrial electricity. In the tertiary sector (non-residential buildings), although not so relevant, electric motor systems use about one third of consumed electricity. High-efficiency motors can lead to significant reductions in energy consumption and also reduce the environmental impact. A new international standard IEC 60034-30 was approved in 2014 to globally harmonize motor energy-efficiency classes. In this standard, four efficiency classes are proposed, namely Standard Efficiency (IE1), High-Efficiency (IE2), Premium Efficiency (IE3) and Super-Premium Efficiency (IE4). The normative classes of efficiency are IE1, IE2 and IE3 where as IE4 class was intended to be informative. IE4 standardization was not possible due to insufficient market and technological information. However IE4 class can be achieved globally in two motors namely Induction Motor and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motor.

results in wastage of electrical energy. To standardise energy efficient motors IEC 60034-30 2014[2] has globally harmonised energy efficiency classes into 4 types namely Standard Efficiency (IE1), High-Efficiency (IE2), Premium Efficiency (IE3) and Super-Premium Efficiency (IE4). In the United States, Premium/IE 3 motors have been mandatory since 2011. In India, China and EU countries, High-Efficiency/IE 2 motors have been recommended since 2011, and Premium/IE 3 motors will be mandatory in 2015 in EU countries[3]. The IE4 class of Induction motor remains still informative because sufficient market and technological information is not available to allow IE4 standardization.

In this work a 2.2kW IE4 class induction motor was developed. The efficiency of IE4 class motor was obtained by implementation of various design strategies. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools such Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for electromagnetic analysis of the motor and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cooling design of the motor was carried out at various design stages. The analysis and experimental results for the IE4 class motor are presented in this paper.

This paper deals with design of a 2.2kW IE4 class induction motor. Various computer aided design tools were used in the process of designing the motor. The analysis and experimental results for the 2.2kW IE4 class motor are discussed in detail.

Introduction Electric Motors are one of the major loads in the electrical network. They consume about 45% of the global electricity generated[1]. Inefficient motor design

IEC 60034 specifies various motor technologies and their energy efficiency potential. Table 1, below shows the various motor technologies and their energy efficiency potential. IE4 class can be achieved through two technologies of motors namely induction motor and self starting permanent Magnet based synchronous reluctance motor.

Efficient 2.2Kw motor design through loss optimisation Copper Losses In an induction motor design, copper loss constitute about 50% of the total losses. To obtain an IE4 efficiency of 89.5% at 2.2kW, the total copper loss should be around 130 W. The optimal designing of the rotor and

January 2017

Techspace

Table 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Motor technologies and their energy efficiency potential[2] Motor Type Three-phase cage rotor Induction motors (ASM)

IE1

IE2

IE3

IE4

IE5

Random wound windings (all enclosures, all ratings)

Yes

Difficult

Form wound windings; IP2X (open motors)

Yes

Difficult

Form wound windings; IP4X and above

Yes

Difficult

Yes No No No No

Difficult No No No No Difficult

No No No No No No

Three-phase wound-rotor induction motors Single-phase Start capacitor induction motors Run capacitor

Synchronous motors

Yes Difficult Yes Start/Run capacitor Yes Split-phase Yes Line-start permanent-magnet Yes (LSPM a)

the stator winding will result in reduction of copper loss. In a medium sized motor, mostly aluminium die cast is used for rotor. With advancement in the manufacturing technology, copper die cast give rise to reduced rotor resistance and I2R losses. For the case of stator winding decreasing the length of overhang portion by proper care during manufacturing will also help in reduction of stator resistance. The copper loss is the source of heat in an induction motor and optimum designing of fan in an induction motor will also help reduce the temperature and copper loss.

Core Losses In Induction motors, the iron loss represents approximately 20% of the total losses. Improvements in the silicon steel sheets typically used in the cores are either in terms of reduced thickness, better inter laminar insulation and optimal B-H curve. Material with grades like 35PN210, 50PN250 are promising materials for the electric motor cores, since they have superior magnetic properties due to much lower thickness. As a result, the specific losses are much lower for a given frequency and maximum induction level.

Friction & windage losses The design of the external centrifugal fan and of the respective cover, as well as the internal rotor blades to promote inner windage cooling can be both optimized. The improvement of the cooling fan is also likely to lead to a reduction in the acoustic noise. Low-friction bearing and seals can also be used, to reduce overall friction losses, which have also some impact in the part-load efficiency.

Design using rmxpert The rotor and stator was designed based on the above strategies for motor design using motor design tool RMxpert. To obtain the efficiency of IE4 class M15 (50C250) grade steel is used with copper die cast rotor. The basic design data was inputted in

January 2017

Yes No Difficult Difficult No Yes

Yes

RMxpert and the design optimization was carried out. The optimal stamping design is as shown in figure 1. The optimal motor designâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance indices obtained from analysis are shown in table 2.

Figure 1: Stamping Design using RMxpert

Table 2: Optimal Motor Design Performance through RMxpert No Load Performance No-Load Stator Phase Current (A) No-Load Input Power No-Load Power Factor No-Load Shaft Speed (rpm) Break-Down Operation Break-Down Slip Break-Down Torque Break-Down Phase Current Full Load Performance Copper Loss of Stator Winding Copper Loss of Rotor Winding Iron-Core Loss Frictional and Windage Loss Stray Loss Total Loss Input Power Output Power Mechanical Shaft Torque Efficiency (%)

2.12 A 166.82 W 0.097 1499 rpm 0.13 51.44 Nm 20.90 A 103.51 W 29.87 W 93.642 W 21.97W 17.96W 267 W 2.46 kW 2.20 kW 14.19 Nm 89.18

Design validation using FEM and CFD Electromagnetic analysis using FEM The motor designed in RMxpert was imported to Maxwell and the electromagnetic field analysis was carried out to validate the results obtained in RMxpert by finite

Techspace

element analysis for the values of losses, current and flux distribution. Based on the inputs, electromagnetic analysis was carried out in Maxwell and the flux distribution is as shown in figure 2 below.

Input Parameters for CFD Simulation hh

Heat loss in stator winding = 100.63 W

Heat loss in stator core = 42.55 W

Heat loss in rotor winding = 32.13 W

Heat loss in rotor core = 26.72 W

R.P.M. of motor = 1480 RPM

Inlet air temperature = 25 °C

The results of thermal analysis of motor using CFD analysis are given in Table 4. This table shows the maximum temperature rise in the motor parts as per the boundary condition. Table 4: Maximum Temperature in the Motor Parts Figure 2: Magnetic Flux Distribution of the Motor

The magnetic flux distribution of the motor showed the maximum flux of 1.44T in the stator teeth during full load operation of the motor. The steady state current of 4.15A is achieved during full load with a starting current of 31.31A. Table 3: Comparison Analytical and FEM Results

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5

Quantities Winding Current (A) Torque (NM) Stator Cu Loss (W) Rotor Cu Loss (W) Core/Iron Loss (W)

RMxpert

Maxwell (FEM)

4.2052

4.15

14.19

14.67

103.516

100.63

29.87

32.13

93.642

69.27

Sr. No.

Motor Part

Maximum temperature(▫C)

Motor cover

29.61

Stator core

29.69

Rotor core

36.13

Rotor winding

41.37

Stator core

69.36

Outlet air temperature

29.36

A. Motor cover

C. Stator Winding

B. Stator core

Thermal analysis using CFD The power consumed by cooling fan of a motor constitutes a significant amount of the friction and windage loss of a motor so it is significant to make an optimum design of the fan of motor. The fan is designed for a power of 3.5 W with a flow rate of air of 0.02263 kg/s and 21W friction and windage losses. Thermal analysis is required to validate the new fan design. The thermal analysis is carried out using CFD. In thermal analysis of electric motor conduction and convection are the main modes of heat transfer. Effect of radiation on the thermal performance of the motor is minor. Main reason for raise temperature in motor is due to the internal losses in stator winding, stator core, rotor winding and rotor core. Figure 3 shows the temperature contour in the internal parts of motor. The motor should have a temperature rise less than 75°C. The following details are given as input for CFD analysis to determine the temperature rise

D. Rotor core

E. Rotor winding

Figure 3: Thermal Analysis of Motor

As per CFD analysis for cooling design validation of outer cover of motor, the fan consumes 3W power from the total input power. Fan blows continuous air at atmospheric pressure and temperature on the surface of outer motor cover. At the motor cover maximum temperature is 29.61˚C. Temperature contours in Figure 3 show that the maximum temperature is 69.36˚C in the stator winding. Limit for temperature rise for the air cooled machine as per IEC 60034-30 for class E is 75˚C and for cooling air it is about 40˚C. Based on the CFD analysis it is observed that the maximum temperature in the motor parts is 69.36˚C and maximum temperature of the outer cover of the motor is 29.61˚C. So, the thermal analysis result of motor as per the input parameters satisfies the temperature limits of Class E.

January 2017

Techspace

Prototype manufacturing and testing The manufacturing process plays a important role in obtaining the efficiency of the motor. The motor has to manufacture precisely with respect to the design parameters optimized. The photographs of the prototype developed are as shown in Figure 4-7.

Figure 4: Stator and Rotor Stampings

Starting Torque 12 in % of Full Load Torque

171

181.00

Cost and payback period The manufacturing cost of the designed IE4 motor along with profit and overhead cost of 15% comes around Rs. 9783. This cost is only manufacturing cost. The one-time cost for die of stator and rotor stamping and rotor die casting will be additional. This cost is 16% higher than IE2 motors available in market. The payback period for two cases was calculated using the above cost of motor, as below Case 1: Replacement of existing IE1 motor of Ƞ=79.7% with IE4 motor

Figure 5: Wounded Stator and Die Cast Rotor

Market Price IE1 Motor = Rs. 4143

Working Hours per day = 8hrs

Unit electricity cost = Rs. 8 per kWhr

Payback period = 1.25 years

Case 2: Purchase of IE4 motor instead of IE2 motor of ▫ = 84.3%

Figure 6: Low loss Bearings

The manufactured motor prototype was tested as per IEC 60034-2-1 and the motor was tested for 2.2kW and 3.7kW. The motor was found to have a efficiency of 90.73% (IE4 class) for 2.2kW and 88.15% (IE3 Class) for 3.7kW rating. The experimental results of losses obtained were compared with the designed values in RMxpert and analyzed values in Maxwell. The comparison is given in Table 5. Table 5: Comparison of Losses S. No.

1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11

Quantities

RMxpert

Maxwell Experimental (FEM)

Winding Current 4.2052 4.15 (A) Torque (NM) 14.19 14.67 Total Loss (W) 267 Stray Load Loss 17.96 (W) Stator Cu Loss 103.516 100.63 (W) Rotor Cu Loss 29.87 32.13 (W) Core/Iron Loss 93.642 69.27 (W) Friction & 21.97 windage loss (W) Starting current in % of Full Load 700 Current

January 2017

4.52 14.21 228.82 22.172 97.35 31.04 59.44 18.83 668.42

Market Price IE2 Motor = Rs. 8200

Working Hours per day = 8hrs

Unit electricity cost = Rs. 8 per kWhr

Payback period = 140 days

Conclusions In this work a 2.2kW IE4 class motor using 3 phase induction motor technology has been developed. The use of CAE tools has played a major role in obtaining precise design for the rotor and stator stot optimization along with the fan design. The use of premium material CRGO and Copper Die cast for rotor are important factors in obtaining the IE4 class of efficiency. All the performance characteristics of the induction motor were within limits as per IEC 60034-34 The possibility of obtaining IE4 class using simple induction motor technology will drive the motor manufacturers to assimilate and adopt this technology. REFERENCES 1 A. de Almeida, F. Ferreira, J. Fong, and P. Fonseca, “EuP Lot 11 Motors, Eco design Assessment of Energy Using Products,” ISRUniv. Coimbra, Brussels, Belgium, Final Report for the European Commission, Feb. 2008. 2 A. de Almeida, F. Ferreira, and A. Duarte, “Technical and economical considerations on super high-efficiency threephase motors,” IEEE Trans.Ind. Appl., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1274–1285, Mar./Apr. 2014. 3 IEC 60034-30-1:2014 Rotating electrical machines - Part 301: Efficiency classes of line operated AC motors (IE code) ▪

Satish Chetwani*, Viral Patel,

Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA), Vadodara

IEEMAEvent

frica’s utilities sector is crucial to its successful development, but remains one of the most poorly understood regions of the global utilitiesenvironment. Energy demand in sub-Saharan Africa grew by about 45% between 2000 and 2012, yet accounts for only 4% of the world’s total, despite housing 13% of its population. Access to modern energy services remains limited with more than 620 million people in sub-Saharan Africa having no access to electricity and nearly 730 million still relyingon the use of solid biomass for cooking. Electricity consumption per capita is, on average, less than that needed to power a 50-watt light bulb continuously. African Utility Week aims to address this need through facilitating meaningful meetings between solution providers and buyers, talks with distributors to expand reach into Africa, and participation in over 576 000 business matchmaking opportunities. It is the premier, must-attend event for power and water utilities professionals in Africa, and the largest global gathering of its kind focussing on all aspects of the provision of energy and water services to the African market. “African Utility Week is a well organised and an important event in our calendar. AUW attracts Utility Officials, business delegates and visitors from across the African Continent. It gives us a good opportunity to showcase our products and build business relations. It has helped us in improving our business in the African region.” Vikas Jalan, Managing Director, Deccan Enterprises Limited, India The 17th annual conferenceis taking place from 16 to 18 May 2017 at the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC), with a programme addressing the latest challenges, developments and opportunities in the power and water sectors, covering generation, transmission, distribution, metering, renewables and latest technologies. As the largest single utility event in Africa, the 2017 African Utility Week will be attended by professionals and buyers covering all aspects of the energyand water environment, including:

ll Regulators ll ll ll ll ll ll ll

Metro/District/Local municipalities IPPs EPCs / Developers Utility scale projects Foreign direct investment (FDI) Investors / Lenders Metering, Billing & CRM Managers

ll T ransmission and Distribution ll Managers ll Academics African Utility Week boasts the largest number of exhibitors to an African event of this nature utilisingover 11 200m² of exhibition floor space, covering all sectors of the utility value-chain. The exhibitor profile includes the following: This event brings together over 7000 thought leaders, visionaries and decision-makersto engage with the world’s mostsuccessful utilities and over 300 solution providers. “Africa, the market of the millennium has been gaining immense attention from global manufacturers and exporters in the area of transmission & distribution, renewable energy etc. African Utility Week 2016 is becoming one of the most important exhibitions in Africa with visitors from many African countries. The show opened the gate for IEEMA members for collaboration & cooperation with South Africa including other African countries by MOU with SAEEC, our members benefited by exploring business opportunities in South Africa & African countries during African Utility Week.”Anil Saboo, Chairman, IEEMA - International Business Div. India “African Utility Week is a great event, well organised, well attended and must for manufacturers like us who want to address African countries and their utilities. It provides an ideal platform to showcase our products, business discussion and networking with key utility officials of African countries and also possible funding agencies for the African power projects.”Raj Agarwal, CEO & MD, Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd., India Hosted in beautiful Cape Town under the awe-inspiring Table Mountain, African Utility week is a must for any company wanting to expand into the African utilities market and become a part of the infrastructure rollout unfolding in this continent of opportunity.Establish relationships with senior decision makers, raise your profile and build relationships by connecting with industryinfluencers.Africa is resource-full. Let’s make it power-full! ▪

January 2017

InternationalNews

INTERNATIONALNEWS India, US launch USD 20 mn funding initiative USICEF India and the US launched a USD 20-million financing facility USICEF that will help in unlocking OPIC financing and contributing to Indias ambitious renewable energy and energy access goals. OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corp) is US governments development finance institution. It mobilises private capital to help address critical development challenges and in doing so, advances US foreign policy and national security priorities. New and Renewable Energy Minister Piyush Goyal and US Ambassador to India Richard Verma launched USIndia Clean Energy Finance (USICEF) Initiative, which would help in unlocking OPIC financing and mobilise public and private capital to expand access to distributed clean energy projects, an official statement said. According to the statement, Letter of Intents were signed and exchanged between MNRE and OPIC for the creation of a USD 20 million for USICEF initiative, equally supported by the US and India would support projects which, upon long-term financing and deployment, and would qualify for the support of long-term debt financing from OPIC. The US-India Clean Energy Finance facility would support project preparation activities for distributed solar projects in order to unlock OPIC financing and mobilise public and private capital to expand access to distributed clean energy solutions that will benefit disadvantaged communities in India and contribute to Indias ambitious renewable energy and energy access goals. USICEF builds on the success of other project preparation facilities to support renewable energy in emerging markets. Through this initiative, project developers pursuing mini-grid, distributed rooftop and off-grid solar projects, as well as smaller-scale grid connected solar projects would be benefitted, it said. During the event, Udai Khemka presented Clean Energy Finance Forum (CEFF) Report to Goyal. The report has been prepared after an extensive domestic and international consultation with all categories of financial Institutions (including pension funds, sovereign investors, insurance companies, other financial investors/funds,

banks, investment banks etc), multilateral institutions, as well as strategic investors and developers. CEFF has made recommendations which will help solicit greater investment into the renewable energy sector. Some of the key cross cutting recommendations includes to boost and Accelerate “Open Access” Markets; Improve PPA Bankability; Improve Ease of Access to Domestic Banking and Capital Markets; Encourage International Debt and Equity Investments and Mitigate Currency Risk.

India’s 87% solar cell imports from China in Apr-Sept: Piyush Goyal India imported solar and photovoltaic cells worth about USD 826 million from China in the first six months of the current fiscal, which is over 87 per cent of the country’s total such imports. India’s total imports of these cells were worth USD 948.88 million, including USD 825.98 million from China, constituting 87.05 per cent, during the April-September period of 2016-17, New & Renewable Energy Minister Piyush Goyal stated in a written reply to Lok Sabha today. India had imported USD 2,344.56 million worth of cells last fiscal, out of which USD 1,960.26 million was from China constituting 83.61 per cent of the total. In 2014-15, the proportion of solar and photovoltaic cells imports from China was 73.49 per cent of the total imports at USD 603.34 million. India imported solar cells and photovoltaic cells worth USD 820.95 million in that fiscal. Piyush Goyal informed the house that India does not have enough manufacturing capacity currently for cells and modules to cover its full demand. He further said that the development of solar power in the country is taking place with indigenous as well as imported solar equipment and components.

India seeks details of working reactors from US, French firms India has asked American and French nuclear companies, which propose to build atomic plants in the country, to furnish details of functional reactors designed by them as proof of their efficacy. Sources said French company

January 2017

InternationalNews

EDF and US firm Westinghouse are still not ready with fully operational “reference plants”, a pre-requisite before a final General Framework Agreement could be signed with these entities. The EDF proposes to build six nuclear European Pressurised Reactors (EPR) of 1650 MW each in Jaitapur and Westinghouse another set of six AP1000 reactors in Kovadda in Andhra Pradesh with an individual capacity of 1000 MW. A senior government official said designs presented by the two companies are new, so even the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) wants to see how the technology works. “We have told them to show a reference nuclear plant, which is functional and produces electricity. On paper, the designs of these companies look nice, but we should also know whether they work well or not. This will also help in getting clearance from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, the nuclear watchdog in the country,” the official said. India specialises in Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors while the one which foreign companies are building are Light Water Reactors (LWRs) with some distinction from one another. Interestingly, the Russian have built Kudankulam units one and two, a VVER technology (also known as WWER or water water energetic reactor). The EDF, which is now negotiating with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL), said it had given Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant 3 as the reference plant. The French government-owned company said the Flamanville plant with a capacity of 1630 MW should be operational by next year. However, sources said it might take a tad longer for the plant to become operational.

India keen to invest in energy sector in Qatar: PM Narendra Modi Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed India’s keenness to invest in hydrocarbon projects in Qatar during talks with his counterpart Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani on key issues of energy, trade and security. Modi and the Qatari Prime Minister, who is here on his first visit, discussed enhancing cooperation in defence and security, in particular in cyber security and agreed on joint action to tackle money laundering and terrorist financing. After the talks, the two sides inked five pacts including in the field of visas, cyberspace and investments. Modi said the visit of the Qatari Prime Minister showed the growing bilateral ties with Qatar, which India has always regarded as a “valued partner”. The two leaders acknowledged that the current level of trade and investment was much below potential, External Affairs Ministry Spokesperson Vikas Swarup said, adding Modi highlighted the tremendous opportunities available for Qatari investment in India’s infrastructure and energy sectors.

On energy cooperation, Prime Minister Modi said, “We should go beyond the buyer-seller relationship to include Joint Ventures, Joint Research and Development and Joint Exploration.

India, Russia deal on Kudankulam n-plant units 5, 6 likely by year end The general framework agreement for the third stage (units 5 and 6) of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KNPP) in Tamil Nadu is expected to be signed by the end of December, its Russian makers said here. The plant’s blocks 3 and 4 (the second stage) would be commissioned in 2022 and 2023, they said. “So we are all working with Indian partners, NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd), and are approaching to sign the documents for the two new units (units 5 and 6) of the KNPP. We plan to sign documents in the nearest future. And by nearest I mean nearest,” Nikolay Spassky, Deputy CEO for International Relations at Russian atomic energy corporation Rosatom, told IANS here. As for efficiency, Spassky asserted KNPP is India’s best. “I have seen the official estimates (which show that) currently it is the most efficient power unit in India,” he said. Vladimir Angelov, Director for projects in India, ASE Group, the engineering division of Rosatom, expressed the hope that the agreements would be inked by the end of this year. “First part of the job is negotiating the contract. I have just come back from Mumbai from these talks. We are rather optimistic that by the end of this year, the contracts for units 5 and 6 will be signed,” Angelov told IANS. Churches Say No to Wedding GownsThe Week The Latest Share Market And Business News For YouBloomberg Quint Recommended By Colombia Construction of KNPP with the assistance of Russia is the largest joint project between the two countries in the energy field. The first two 1,000 MW units are currently operational at Kudankulam. Unit 1 was connected to the grid on October 22, 2013.

China’s Sany Group to invest $2 bn in Gujarat; signs MoU Chinese conglomerate Sany Group signed an MoU with the Gujarat Government to invest a staggering $2 billion over the next five years in various energy and infrastructure projects in the state. The pact for the proposed investment in the state was signed today in the presence of Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani at Gandhinagar after his meeting with the Chinese delegation, led by Liang Wengen, Chairman of the board, Sany Group, an official release said. After an hour long meeting, it was decided that Sany Group would be investing $2 billion over the next five years. This is one of the biggest single MoU signed by any state government in India, it added. ▪

January 2017

NationalNews

NATIONALNEWS Government asks Power Grid to consider Selling Stakes in Projects Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd., a state-run electricity transmission company, should sell stakes in its projects to unlock capital for future expansion, according to the nation’s power ministry. The company should cut its balance sheet size to half by selling stakes in projects, power minister Piyush Goyal said in New Delhi. It should consider an infrastructure investment trust, or InvIT model to monetize assets, he said. Selling stakes in projects will help the company free-up capital and raise more debt for future projects at competitive rates, federal Power Secretary Pradeep Kumar Pujari said. “We want to avoid a situation where raising debt in the future becomes difficult,” Pujari said.An asset-sale plan has been on the government’s agenda. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley asked state-run companies to sell assets to unlock value and make investments in new projects in his budget speech in February. Goyal’s advise that Power Grid should reduce its balance sheet size by half is an endorsement of that plan. Power Grid, which owns and operates more than 85 percent of India’s inter-state power transmission capacity, plans to invest 1 trillion rupees ($6.8 billion) in the next four years to build new projects, it said in November. It had fixed assets worth 1.58 trillion rupees as of Sept. 30, including plant machinery, transmission projects, telecom equipment, buildings and land. The company’s debt-equity ratio was 71:29 as of Sept. 30, compared with a 70:30 ratio recommended by power regulator Central Electricity Regulatory Commission , which determines transmission charges based on capital and operating costs. “The minister has advised but there is no decision yet,” Power Grid Chairman I.S. Jha said about the asset-sale idea. “We are in a regulated business, which will need to be considered. Only then we can proceed with this.”

India’s Energy Forecasts Are Falling Short And Climate Could Win For several years, demand for electricity in the world’s second-most populous country has trailed forecasts, data compiled by India’s Central Electricity Authority show.

While the reasons for the mismatch are complex, the gap raises the prospect that India won’t need to burn as much coal to meet its future energy needs. Rather, much of it is going to come from solar panels and lanterns, both of which can be supplied off grid. Millions in India still are waiting to connect to the grid as routine power shortages often lead to blackouts. It may not be the traditional power companies that meet their needs. Instead, emerging technologies such as solar lanterns and rooftop photovoltaics are becoming the energy of choice -- and are starting to bite into traditional sources of demand. As solar and energy storage technologies improve, some of the 300 million not connected to the grid may eventually get their electricity through off-grid installations and appliances, said Nitin Zamre, managing director for India at ICF International Inc., an energy consultancy based in Fairfax, Virginia. “This will have the potential to reduce India’s carbon footprint as the demand moves to cleaner supply -- a big positive for the fight against global warming and climate change,” Zamre said.

Thermal power plants’ capacity utilisation to drop to 48% by 2022 All coal-based thermal power plants need to brace for a drastic fall in capacity utilisation to as low as 48% by 2022, as additional non-thermal electricity generation capacities come on stream, the Central Electricity Authority has warned. At that level of utilisation, they may lose the ability to run at a technically viable level and might find it extremely difficult to service debts turning into non-preforming assets for lenders. The CEA, in its Draft National Electricity Plan, has predicted that by 2022 many plants may get partial or no schedule of generation at all meaning that many of these thermal power plants may have to be kept idle for lack of demand. According to the CEA, the expected installed capacity

January 2017

NationalNews

from different fuel types at the end of 2021-22 in base case works out to 523 gigawatts, including 50 GW of coalbased capacity currently under construction. “In order to accommodate high quantum of renewable energy into the grid, thermal plants are likely to run at low plant load factor (capacity utilisation) in future,” it said. In fact, it suggested that a market mechanism through regulatory intervention needs to be evolved so that the owners of thermal plants are able to recoup the investment and, at the same time, customers are not unnecessarily burdened with high tariff.

Launch of GARV-II App to Ensure Power Access to All GARV-II App will open the rural electrification work to public scrutiny. People will be able to participate in the development work and can give their input about rural electrification programme. The launch of GARV-II App on December 20 will put to rest all controversies surrounding rural electrification programme in India. Union minister of state for power, Piyush Goyal, also minister of RE, mines and coal, has decided to provide all data on village electrification and that too on a real time basis on the click of a button. GARV-II App will open the rural electrification work to public scrutiny. People will be able to participate in the development work and can give their input about rural electrification programme. Says a senior power ministry official, “Rural Electrification and providing power to all is not just a slogan with this government. It is with this focus on electrification of all villages of India, the Ministry of Power has decided to launch GARV II App – a platform that will provide real time data of the entire six lakh villages of the country.” As a result, GARV-II will ensure further transparency in implementation of rural electrification programme and will help all mobile users in urban and rural areas to monitor and track the progress of village electrification on a real time basis. The GARV-II App will provide village-wise, habitation-wise base line data on household electrification for all states. Further, village-wise works sanctioned under DeenDayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) have also been mapped to monitor progress of works in each village. Centre sanctions Rs 30 crore for solar cities programme Funds worth over Rs 30 crore have been sanctioned to 21 states and union territories under the solar cities development programme, the government said . These funds were sanctioned during the last three years till November 30 this year. Out of the total sanctioned amount of Rs 30.36 crore under the ‘Development of Solar Cities Programme’ for 21 states and union territories, around Rs 12.98 crore

have been released, Power and Renewable Energy Minister Piyush Goyal told the Lok Sabha. In a written reply, he said 60 places have been included in the solar cities programme. It includes Gaya (Bihar), Mysore (Karnataka), Kochi (Kerala), Pune (Maharashtra), Panaji City (Goa), Howrah (West Bengal), Imphal (Manipur), Aizawl (Mizoram), Kohima (Nagaland), Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) and Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh). Goyal said at least one city in each state would be included in the solar cities programme. Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of up to Rs 50 lakh is extended for each solar city. “Financial support up to Rs 9.50 crore is available to eight model solar cities and up to Rs 2.50 crore to 15 pilot solar cities for setting up of renewable energy projects/ systems/ devices...,” Goyal said. The money would be given provided that an equal amount is made available by the concerned municipal corporation, city administration, state or from any other resources.

New power tariff structure in works, large domestic consumers to be charged more The burden of subsidising the power bills of agricultural and low-income families is set to move from industrial consumers to large domestic and commercial consumers of electricity. The government plans to introduce a new tariff structure to charge more from large domestic power consumers rather than industrial units that currently share the cross subsidy burden. Most states categorise households consuming more than 800 units of power a month as large domestic consumers. The government is also working on simplifying tariff patterns by classifying consumers in two to three categories and sub-categories to bring transparency in power billing. An expert committee has been set for this. It comprises senior officials from various states and the power ministry to work on the new tariff structure that encourages energy conservation by residential consumers and reduces the power bill of industrial consumers. The committee is also studying the possibility of increasing fixed charges on connected load of domestic consumers to encourage them to surrender unutilised load. Most states continue with electricity tariff structures created since their formation and are often criticised for political interventions and biases against industrial units that, despite being regular payees, are levied cross-subsidy and other charges.Domestic power consumption, on the other hand, is subsidise-d, though tariffs increase with consumption. ▪

January 2017

CorporateNews

CORPORATENEWS RINL forays into solar power generation with Vishakhapatnam plant The government announced inauguration of 5-mw solar power plant by Rashtriya Ispat Nigam (RINL) at a cost of Rs 33 crore, a move seen as the state-owned company’s foray into the solar sector. Steel Secretary Aruna Sharma inaugurated the solar plant in presence of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd CMD P Madhusudan, Steel Joint Secretary Urvilla Khati and directors of the company in Vishakhapatnam, the steel ministry said in a statement. “RINL has joined other major corporates in harnessing solar power with this 5-mw Ground Waste Solar Power Plant on its premises,” the statement said. Sharma commended the RINL management for foraying into solar energy in tune with the government’s thrust to tap renewable sources. She said the role of renewable power has been assuming increasing significance in recent times towards the country’s energy security, the statement said. “Sharma and Khati visited new production units and inspected blast furnace-3, steel melt shop-2, rolling mills, captive power plant-2 etc. The secretary also visited Steel Museum located in the technical training institute,” the statement added.

Bajaj Hindusthan to sell power biz to group firm for Rs 1800cr Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Ltd plans to sell its co-generation power business to its group company Lalitpur Power Generation Company Ltd (LPGCL) for about Rs 1,800 crore. The companys board today “considered approval of sale and transfer of co-generation power business of aggregating capacity of 449 MW located at 14 locations to LPGCL for a lumpsum consideration in cash of about Rs 1,800 crore as a going concern on slump sale basis in accordance with the business transfer agreement to be entered into with LPGCL.” In a filing to BSE, the company said: “Entire amount of cash consideration is proposed to be utilised by Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Ltd towards advance repayment of its existing term debt. The proposed sale and transfer of co-gen power business will be subject to approval of members, lenders and all other statutory/ regulatory authorities,”

Bajaj Hindusthan has 14 sugar mills with cane crushing capacity of 1.36 lakh tonnes per day and alcohol distillation capacity of 800 kilo litres per day. It has posted standalone net loss of Rs 137.71 crore for the second quarter of the current fiscal on high finance cost compared to Rs 282.72 crore loss in the July-September period of last fiscal. Besides sugar, Shishir Bajaj-led Bajaj group has interests in power, ethanol, real estate, personal care products and infrastructure. The groups power venture includes Bajaj Energy Pvt Ltd, with 450 MW thermal power generation commissioned in 2012 and the Lalitpur Power Generation Co Ltd with a total of 1980 MW thermal power generation capacity.

NTPC & Nalco forms 50:50 power joint venture Power major, NTPC and aluminium manufacturer Nalco will float a 50:50 joint venture to set up a 2400 MW (3X 800 MW ) coal based power project at Gajmara, Dhenkanal in Odisha. Power from the plant would meet increased power requirements at Nalco’s Angul facility. It will also supply power to the aluminium manufacturer’s greenfield project at Kamakhyanagar in Odisha’s Dhenkanal. Coal from the mines allocated to Nalco shall be linked to the Joint Venture project at Gajmara. “The two leading central public sector companies are synergizing their respective domain expertise to fuel economic growth of India in general and state of Odisha, joint venture agreement, power purchase agreement shall be fast tracked and be in place by the end of the current financial year,” a statement released by NTPC mentioned. The Joint Venture between NTPC and NALCO has potential to create value for both the companies’ which have public equity. The aluminium smelter projects and power project will act as catalyst for industrial growth in the region creating avenues of tangible and intangible benefits for the people of state and generate direct and indirect employment for engineers, supervisors, skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled workers

BHEL not worried about CEA draft report State-owned engineering major Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) today indicated that it was not much worried about the draft national electricity plan of the

January 2017

CorporateNews

Central Electricity Authority (CEA) which has forecast no requirement for new coal plants till 2022. “They (CEA) have sought comments. New power capacity is required or not is a matter of debate,” BHEL chairman and managing director Atul Sobti said here on the sidelines of 31st Indian Engineering Congress by The The Institution of Engineers. With government effort on replacing and modernising old and inefficient thermal power plants with a total estimated capacity of 25,000 MW, Sobti said, of that 11,000 MW is from NTPC. Given the massive capacity addition plans in the renewable sector, CEA estimates there is no requirement for new coal plants in 2017-22. BHEL was also targeting at stranded power projects of the country and said recently one project worth Rs 8000 crore got opened up and more are there. Meanwhile, Sobti said BHEL was the lowest bidder for projects totalling 20,000 MW in the pipeline and, taking all these into account, BHEL was not much concerned with the CEA draft report.

Hindustan Zinc enters solar energy biz, to invest Rs 630 crore Hindustan Zinc Ltd (HZL) said it is foraying into solar energy business and will set up 115 MW of solar energy projects with an investment of Rs 630 crore. The company led by billionaire Anil Agarwal already produces 474 MW of thermal power and 274 MW of wind energy. “Hindustan Zinc has been working progressively towards setting up 115 MW of solar energy projects with an investment of Rs 630 crore,” HZL CEO Sunil Duggal told PTI. He said that in the first phase, the company will set-up 15 MW solar energy projects which would require an investment of Rs 80 crore and are likely to be commissioned by March 2017. The second phase would be of 100 MW requiring an investment of Rs 550 crore, which is likely to be commissioned by September 2017. The average cost of setting up 1 MW of solar energy plant is about Rs 5.50 crore, Duggal said. “The energy produced will be utilised for captive use only. Out of 15 MW, 10 MW solar power projects will be installed at Zinc Smelter Debari and remaining 5 MW will be installed at Rajpura Dariba Mine of Hindustan Zinc,” he added. The 5 MW solar power project at Rajpura Dariba Mine would be the first such project in the district of Rajsamand in Rajasthan. The 10 MW project would also be the largest solar energy project in the district of Udaipur, Duggal noted. Hindustan Zinc also produces 274 MW of wind power in its green energy farms located in Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Hindustan Zinc has already installed solar roof top projects with a capacity of 100 KW each at at head officeUdaipur and Chanderiya Lead Zinc Smelter in January 2016. It is also looking to develop solar energy projects in other parts of Rajasthan.

Demonetisation positive for power sector: Mercom Demonetisation has turned out to be a positive event for the power sector with distribution companies recovering pending power bills from their customers, Mercom Capital Group said. Quoting a number of discoms and government officials on the issue, the consulting firm also said that the power sector could also benefit from relaxed lending and lower rates, among other things. “Demonetisation has been chaotic and changing the way the Indian economy functions...banks suddenly flush with funds, all of which could relax lending to the power sector and potentially bring down interest rates,” it said. The government has mandated that the old notes of Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 denominations can be used to pay pending utility bills which will help discoms due to their huge backlog of unpaid bills. Discoms are expecting a substantial influx of payments prior to the December 31 deadline after which these currency notes will become invalid. For cash-strapped discoms this is unexpected good news, it said. It quoted an official at Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd as saying, “Since the announcement of demonetisation, discoms in the state have seen payments of old bills cross Rs 1 billion ($ 14.74 million) within a week. The signs are positive as this will financially empower the discoms”.

GE concerned over ‘lack’ of sustainable nuclear regulatory environment India’s civil nuclear liability law doesn’t seem to stop haunting its atomic sector, with US major GE expressing concern over the absence of a “sustainable regulatory environment” and seeking more “clarity” before entering into a partnership with the Indian side. While Indian officials do admit that there has been a “lukewarm” response by GE, they played down its concerns saying the company does not have a reference plant, a pre-requisite to go ahead with the project. GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, one of the two US companies, is supposed to build six reactors in India. When contacted, Banmali Agrawala, President and CEO for GE South Asia, told PTI “GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy believes the path forward requires a sustainable regulatory environment, which would include a nuclear liability law that channels liability to plant operators consistent with global best practices. “We continue to have a strong interest in providing our technology to India for the eventual construction of multiple ESBWRs (Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor).” However, Agrawala asserted that though Indian government has taken several steps including establishing a Nuclear Insurance Pool to address the concerns of the foreign collaborators, the law required more “clarity”. ▪

January 2017

IEEMAActivities

IEEMA Activities

Workshop on “GST – Gearing Up for Transition” IEEMA conducted one day Workshop on “GST – Gearing Up for Transition” for its members on 22nd December 2016 at Indigo Banquet of Residency Hotel, Andheri (East), Mumbai. The workshop was conducted by Faculty CA Pritam Mahure, Indirect Taxes Consultant & Mr.Jigar Doshi from SKP Consultants. They answered all questions raised by delegates in final Q&A session. 23 delegates from Member companies Apar Industries Ltd., Axis Electrical Components Pvt. Ltd., CyanConnode Pvt. Ltd., Emerson Network Power, HighVolt Electricals Pvt. Ltd., JSK Industries Pvt. Ltd., Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd., The Motwane Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd., attended the workshop. Series of useful guidelines to get prepared for GST regime provided by both the experts were the key takeaways of the workshop.

Workshop on “Best Earthing Practices for Electrical and Sensitive Electronic Equipment” On December6, 2016 IEEMA conducted a one day workshop on “Best Earthing Practices for Electrical and Sensitive Electronic Equipment” in Bangalore. Participants Tata Power, ERDA, ABB, Polycab, WS Industries, COPPRROD, SMCC Construction, Teknic Controls, EMI Solutions, Yuken and Power Controls attended the workshop. The subject of the workshop was appreciated by the participants. Workshop on“Best Earthing Practices for Electrical and Sensitive Electronic Equipment” On December 19 ,2016 IEEMA conducted a one day workshop on “Best Earthing Practices for Electrical and Sensitive Electronic Equipment” hosted by Jyoti Ltd at their corporate office; in Vadodara Mr Rahul Amin, Chairman and Managing Director Jyoti Ltd. in is welcome address mentioned “an engineer is not a good engineer unless he is abreast with the Best Earthing Practices” he wished the participants a good learning session and they take back the learnings to their

Readers are requested to send their feedback about content of the Journal at editor@ieema.org 98

January 2017

PowerStatistics

G20 Countries Electricity Consumption

Source - Enerdata

102

January 2016

PowerStatistics

Transmission Lines Inter Regional Transmission Capacity Inter Regional Transmission Capacity - Program of National Grid Development (in MW) Capacity At 12th Plan CUM Break-up the end of 12th Plan 12th Plan Actual Achievement Addition Addition Expected 12th Plan AsCapacity XIth Plan at the on Date Addition end of (Upto 2016-17 (Upto 12-13 13-14 14-15 2015-16 (Upto Nov-16) Actual Target Expected 12th Plan (Actual) (Actual) (Actual) (Actual) Nov-16) Nov-16) 11=(6+7+ 12=(3+11) 8+9+10)

5(3+4A)

ER - NR

12130

5800

17930

2100

1600

3700

7400

19530

ER - WR

4390

8400

12790

2100

4200

2100

8400

12790

ER - SR

3630

ER – NER

1260

1600

2860

1600

2860

Sub Total

21410

15800

37210

4200

5800

3700

17400

37210

WR - NR

4220

10200

12700

16920

2000

2500

4200

8700

12920

WR - SR

1520

6400

7920

2100

2200

6400

7920

Sub Total

5740

16600

19100

24840

2000

4600

2100

6400

15100

20840

NR - NER

6000

1500

3000

600

27750

38400

40900

68050**

2000

8800

7900

11600

5200

35500

62650**

132kV (Inter Regional) Grand Total

* 200 MW of Bursur -Lower Sileru HVDC monopole is not in operation * *Inter-regional transmission Capacity at the end of 12th Plan excludes 600 MW of 132 / 110 kV lines operated in radial mode time to time Growth in Transmission Sector Progress of Transmission Sector in the Country at the end of November-2016 ‘+500 kV HVDC 765 kV

11th plan During 12th Plan Upto Nov 16 Capacity as on Nov 16

Central

State

JV/Private

Total

Central

State

JV/Private

Total

5948

1504

1980

9432

4839

411

5250

6,080

18,768

766

4,221

23,755

12,028

1,504

1,980

15,512

23,607

1,177

4,221

29,005

400 kV

220 kV

Central

State

JV/Private

Total

Central

State

JV/Private

Total

11th plan

71023

30191

5605

106819

10140

125010

830

135980

During 12th Plan Upto Nov 16

20,247

16,543

9,728

46,518

869

24,242

25,199

Source – Ministry of Power

January 2016

103

IEEMADatabase

Rs/MT

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.10.16

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS `/MT

25444.00

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

25160.00

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

54000.00

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS `/MT

b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

as on 01.10.16

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

380.00

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

86.00

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

128500.00

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

129500.00

`/KLitre

52483.00

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS)

220000.00

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS

279500.00

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month July 2016

213.49

IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

266.39

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

183700.00

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

213.56

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

164300.00

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

226.98

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

342959.00

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

353851.00

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

126511.00

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

132780.00

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

197300.00

Wholesale price index number for ‘Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month July 2016 Wholesale price index number for’ Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month July 2016 All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) July 2016

135.70

182.20

278.00

# Estimated, NA: Not available

Lead (99.97%) Rs./MT

(Rs./MT)

180000 170000 160000 150000 140000 130000 120000 110000 100000

November 2014 - October 2016 10-16 09-16 08-16 07-16 06-16 05-16 04-16 03-16 02-16 01-16 12-15 11-15 10-15 `09-15 `08-15 `07-15 `06-15 `05-15 `04-15 `03-15 `02-15 `01-15 `12-14 `11-14

The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. duty wherever manufactures are eligible to obtain MODVAT benefit. These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMA’s Price Variation Clauses for various products. Basic Price Variation Clauses, explanation of nomenclature can be obtained from IEEMA office. Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

104

January 2016

IEEMADatabase

130

Transmission Line Towers

110

70 50

000' MT

April 13 to Sept 6

10 12

Name of Product

10 12

Accounting Unit

10 12

Production For the Month From Oct. 15 to Highest Annual Sept. 2016

Sept. 16

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

894

10339

11580

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

275

3419

5091

DC Motors

000' KW

405

618

000' KVA

884

11108

11261

Contactors

000' Nos.

802

9000

8527

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

164

1781

1909

Nos.

58736

665379

947878

000' Poles

14000

148461

136979

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

246451

2357377

1932964

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

6471

71309

72156

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

12507

187522

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1078

14580

16875

40683

511152

507486

000' KVAR

2895

48422

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

3518

45290

46761

Power Transformers

000' KVA

19627

187863

178782

Current Transformers

000' Nos.

656

705

Voltage Transformers

Nos.

8444

110045

114488

000' Nos.

2308

27962

29317

000' MT

1043

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers* * Weighted Production

January 2016

105

ERDANews

ERDA engineer preparing setup for measurement

Measurement for current and voltage in progress

ERDA’s Smart Grid Innovations and Services for the Renewable Sector – Paving the Way for an Ujwal Bharat Introduction ERDA is actively contributing towards the making of an “Ujwal Bharat” through its innovations in the rapidly emerging fields of “Smart Grid” and “Renewable Energy”. ERDA also offers state-of-the-art test services for “Power Quality Measurement and Mitigation”, “Evaluation of Solar Panels”, “Evaluation of Solar Pumps”, “Smart Meter Evaluation” and “Relay Testing as per IEC 61850”. Some highlights are presented, below:

ERDA team with customer at wind farm

Power Quality Parameter Measurement and Wind Energy Integration Issues ERDA provides critical “power quality measurement and mitigation” services to renewable energy based power producers, including producers of wind power. Work being carried out for wind producers include:

Design and Development of Pilot Microgrid System of 25kW at Rooftop of Technology Building of ERDA

a) Measurement of power quality parameters at wind farm locations.

The Renewable Energy Group of the Technology Centre have developed and installed a 25 kWp micro grid at the roof top of the technology center building. The facility comprises of one hundred mono – crystalline solar panels each of 250Wp rating, a VRLA battery of 100Ah capacity and a power conditioning unit of 30kVA capacity. This pilot micro grid is grid-synchronized and provides priority to renewable energy generation. In case renewable energy generation is not sufficient to meet the load demand, then battery backup feeds electrical supply for a limited period. When the battery is also not able to cater to the load, then electrical supply is drawn from the grid. In the event of the load being less than the generation, the battery will get charged. This micro grid has provision for feeding to grid in case of excess generation. There is provision to integrate diesel generation or any other generation mode such as wind into this system. This system is expected to reduce 30 tons of carbon di-oxide emissions per annum.

b) EMTP simulation of wind farms and studying their impact on grid at Point of Common Coupling with respect to power system security and performance according to grid codes as well as power quality problem mitigation solutions at these wind farms.

Evaluation of Solar Panels ERDA has an automated computerized Solar Sun Simulator Class A conforming to IEC: 60904-9 with PV reference module conforming to IEC: 60904-2 with I-V characteristic measurement system with software conforming to IEC: 60904-1 capable to test solar panels (PV Module) of size 2m x 1 m. The capability profile is as below: uu Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic [PV) Modules uu Thin-film Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules uu Solar Home Lighting System uu Solar H Street Lighting System uu Solar Lantern & LED based Luminaire

Evaluation of Solar Pumps

View of the solar pv panels (left) and power conditoner unit along with battery bank (right)

106

ERDA’s Solar Pump evaluation facility has been set up as per MNRE specifications and is approved by MNRE for evaluation of solar pumps of up to 10 HP rating.

January 2016

ERDANews

Automated computerized solar sun simulator class “a”

Accredited & BIS Approved) Load Switch Test for Utilization Categories UC1, UC2 and UC3 B i - D i r e c t i o n a l IEC:61850 Test Setup with IED Scout Energy M e t e r Software Testing as per Utility Requirements

Relay Testing as per IEC 61850

Three pv panel mounting structures for testing three pv panel mounting structures for testing solar pumps of up to 10 hp rating

Smart Meter Evaluation ERDA’s State-of-art, ultra-modern smart meters testing laboratory is equipped to provide following services: uu Communication Protocol Verification as per IS: 15959 using CTT 3.0 standard edition from DLMS User Association and Meter Explorer software tool uu Smart Meter testing as per IS:16444 (BIS Approved) uu Prepayment Energy Meter Evaluation (NABL

ERDA has state-of-art facilities for type tests on different types of relays as per IEC 60255 series. ERDA’s relay laboratory is also equipped with the facility for conformance testing of IEC 61850.The following tests are possible as per IEC 61850-7-2, IEC 61850-8-1 & IEC 61850-10: uu Application association model uu Server, Logical device, Logical Node and data model uu Generic substation events model uu Data set model Rajib Chattopadhyay Head BD & CRM Phone (D): 0265-3021505, Mobile: 9978940954 E-mail: rajib.chattopadhyay@erda.org

HEAD OFFICE: Ms. Preeti +91-7838352000 Email - sales@voltscable.com, ceo@voltscable.com website - www.voltscable.com January 2016

107

110

April 2014 2017 January

ProductShowcase

Nanosponge SERS and Trace Level Detection Ocean Optics enables highly sensitive, trace-level Raman spectroscopy measurements with its RAM-SERSSP Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy substrates. The company recently demonstrated the power of the substrates’ proprietary gold-silver nanosponge alloy with a real world example related to the honeybee die-off problem. By comparing the ability of new goldsilver substrates to traditional substrates to detect imidacloprid, an insecticide suspected to be dangerous to bee colonies, Ocean Optics scientists were able to demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity that RAM-SERSSP substrates bring to Raman measurements

Fluke Ti480 and TiX580 Infrared Cameras Nov. 16, 2016 – Fluke Corp. introduces the Fluke® Ti480 and TiX580 Infrared Cameras with 640 x 480 resolution and MultiSharp™ Focus, delivering exceptional image quality to industrial, process, utilities maintenance and building inspection professionals who need high measurement accuracy to quickly detect problems. With the Ti480 Infrared Camera, Fluke introduces 640 x 480 resolution into a rugged, pistol-grip form factor. The camera provides fast, one-handed operation to perform multiple inspections quickly and accurately. Now there is an “everyday” camera, with four times the resolution power of many commonly used 320 x 240 pixel cameras, for quick point-and-shoot troubleshooting.

FLIR DM284 Imaging Multimeter with Infrared Guided Measurement (IGM)! FLIR DM284 Imaging Multimeter with IGM is a professional, all-in-one True RMS digital multimeter with built-in 160 x 120 FLIR thermal imager that can show you exactly where an electrical problem is to speed up troubleshooting. The DM284 visually guides you to the precise location of an electrical problem and helping you to pinpoint hot spots faster and more efficiently. 18 Functions DMM including True RMS, VFD mode, LoZ, NCV, test probes, Type K thermocouple input and more with 10-year warranty.

January 2016

ARCO 400 OMICRON’s latest ARCO 400 test set can be universally connected to the control cable interface of any recloser control with short recloser-specific adapters. The device simulates the recloser with up to six voltages and enables three-phase testing of the controller in both lab and field environments. ARCO 400 has built-in reporting which can be directly transferred into the asset management system – ensuring a quick and easy workflow.In addition to basic function checks, multiple ARCO 400s can be time-synchronized and simultaneously inject transient signals into several recloser controls to simulate real-life load-flow, fault scenarios, and verify correct operation of even the most complex automation schemes. ARCO 400 is the smart, lightweight, rugged and easy to use testing solution for all types of recloser controls and with its Smart Connect technology offers a wide range of controller adapters to test various recloser and sectionalizer controls.

111

IEEMA Publications Name of Publication

Rates (Rs.)

DIRECTORIES IEEMA DIRECTORY 2016 [Printed + CD combined]

1500

ELECRAMA DIRECTORY 2016 [Printed + CD combined]

1000

INTELECT DIRECTORY 2015 [Printed]

100

RESEARCH REPORTS IEEMA PWC Industry Status Report -2010-2011

10000

IEEMA FTA ( Free Trade Agreements) Report

5000

IEEMA GUIDELINES IEEMA Recommendation on Technical Specification for Instrument Transformer IEEMA Surge Arrester Industry Report IEEMA Guidelines for Testing of Surge Arresters Power Transformer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Standardisation Manual

150

100 100 1000

REFERENCE VOLUMES OF IEEMA SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES Coffe Table Book

5000

SWICON 2011 [Switchgear & Control gear (CD)

2500

Swicon 2015 (Pen Drive)

2500

104 112

Name of Publication

Rates (Rs.)

ELROMA 2012 (Electrical Rotating Machines)

2500

CABLEWIRE 2011 ( Cables & Wires ) (Printed & Pen Drive)

2500

Metering India 2013 (Meter)

2500

Insulec 2015 (Insulating Material)

2500

Capacit 2010 (CAPACITORS) (Printed)

2500

Trafotech 2010

2500

Trafotech 2014

2500

Trafotech Compendium (1982 to 2006) (DVD)

2500

Tech IT - 2010

2500

TECH IT - 2014

2500

INSULEC COMPENDIUM (1980 To 2009) (DVD)

2500

CABLEWIRE COMPENDIUM (1983 To 2008) (DVD)

2500

ELROMA COMPENDIUM (1983 TO 2008) (DVD)

2500

SWICON COMPENDIUM (1984 TO 2008) (DVD)

2500

IEEMA JOURNAL One Year Subscription

1000

Two Year Subscription

1800

Three Year Subscription

2400

October January 2016 2017