IEEMA Journal - March 2015 by IEEMA

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

VOLUME 6



ISSUE NO. 7



MARCH 2015

ISSN 0970-2946



Rs. 50/-

Cover Story Power Potential North-East Region

Event Re-Invest 2015

SME Talks BEWL

Country Profile Sweden

lhi w ls" Ne etai , d 15 or 20 f l i f pr ea 3 A verl 2 – no 22 ur T . . ".. De

From the President’s Desk

Dear Friends, Exploring the power potential in the North-Eastern Region of India has always been a challenging affair. If the resources available are properly developed, the region will not only be able to export power, but, over time, will also end up attracting investments in the kind of manufacturing in which uninterrupted electricity supply is essential. The estimated hydropower generation potential of the Northeast is huge, but capacity development is woefully short of the potential. The Total hydro-power potential in the region including Sikkim is 63,257MW, while presently; only 3% of the assessed potential has been developed in N.E. Region. This issue of IEEMA Journal takes a deep dive into the N.E. Region power and development agenda. In consonance, coming April IEEMA is privileged to organise the 5th Eastern Region Summit - ‘Konnect North East & Beyond’ at Guwahati, where we will focus on ‘Capacity Building for Power Sector in NE India’ in terms of the seminar, besides an interactive exhibition spread over 20,000 sq. ft. In the same month, the Metering India seminar will be hosted by IEEMA at New Delhi which will focus upon - last mile connectivity and consumer participation and initiatives like Demand Side Management, Renewable Energy Integration, ToD Tariff implementation, Consumer home energy management and Revenue protection for the utility. The seminar is envisaged to strengthen the technological choices and offer the options to empower and utilize existing infrastructure for a result oriented future. In partnership with all stake holders, let us add a Smart Indian Dimension to our future and endeavour to lead the global trend! With immense contentment I hereby announce the dates for the next ELECRAMA to be held in Bangalore from February 13 to 17, 2016. Going ahead from just discussing Transmission and Distribution, ELECRAMA-2016 will focus on much broader agendas conforming to core infrastructure sectors of oil & gas, cement, renewables, nuclear to SMEs. You will be hearing more from the ELECRAMA-2016 Organising Committee Chairman on this. All our activities, re-assures us that the IEEMA brand lives and sustains its promise – ‘Your link to Electricity’. Best wishes.

Vishnu Agarwal

March July 2015 2014

“Samvaad...

Dear Members,

Let me take this opportunity to express my best wishes to everyone on the “Founders Day” of IEEMA on 25th February. Sitting in the Mumbai office on the Sixty Eighth Foundation day, I reminisce the past while looking at a challenging future. Sixty eight years have witnessed IEEMA building itself block by block and many of you have been a part of the growth story. Last year saw a number of new initiatives bear fruit. IEEMA reached out to its members one-on-one . Interaction with key Utilities have been undertaken. “Intelect” saw its birth. Engagement with the Government has increased considerably. The need now is to ensure that the efforts are sustained and incrementally shored up. Continued support and guidance from everyone has helped the Association steer through challenges with elan and achieve new heights. It is now time to set our sights higher and channelise combined and synchronous efforts towards achieving new targets. Some of the thrust areas would be as follows: a) Further strengthening IEEMA brand. b) Evolve Elecrama-2016 witn enhanced international colour making it a true Global event. c) Redefining value creation for IEEMA members. d) Renewed thrust on joint ventures and strategic partnerships to be able to provide a launch pad for our members India is truly at the cusp of change. The positive atmosphere is suitable for pursuing our member’s interests. Support from our elected representatives during continued interactions is an indication that we are treading the correct path. IEEMA’s four point agenda submitted to the Government of India, that was mentioned in the last edition is being actively pursued and we expect to see a couple of welcome policy changes in tender procedures, vendor development and pricing. Our Association is committed to furthering member interests and make IEEMA a valuable partner in progress. Looking forward to a challenging year ahead.

Sunil Misra

July 2014 March 2015

Contents

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

Volume 6 Issue No. 7 March 2015 CIN U99999MH970GAP014629 Official Organ of Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association Member: Audit Bureau of Circulation & The Indian Newspaper Society

Contents the leading electrical & electronics monthly

VOLUME 6



ISSUE NO. 7



MARCH 2015

ISSN 0970-2946



From the President’s Desk

Guest Article

Roof Top Solar, Feasibility and Future

Rs. 50/-

Samvaad...

- Arjun Singh

13 ELECRAMA-2016

26 Appointments Cover Story Power Potential North-East Region

Event Re-Invest 2015

SME Talks BEWL

Country Profile Sweden

lhi De s" il ew , N deta r 015 il 2 af fo pr 3 A verle 2 o – rn 22 Tu .. "..

This new space in the IEEMA Journal will incorporate recent important appointments in power and related sectors.

28 Cover Story

Our country is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. More than 65% of power generation in the country is coal based. Therefore world over research and technological developments are taking place to harness energy from the renewable resources and their economic viability is increasing.

40 SME Talks The power sector provides immense potential for the northeastern region. If the resources available are properly developed, the region will not only be able to export power, but, over time, will also end up attracting investments in the kind of manufacturing in which uninterrupted electricity supply is essential.

Billets Elektro Werke Pvt. Ltd

IEEMA Members Helpline No. 022-66605754

March 2015

MESSAGE Aaditya R Dhoot Chairman - Organising Committee ELECRAMA-2016

Dear Friends, Today across geographies, Electricity and communication remains the common denominator for growth and development. Traditional means of establishing connectivity and providing sustainable energy remains a challenge, which is being met by a multi model approach thereby rapidly changing the dynamics. The world is moving leaps and bounds in leveraging technology in all facets of electricity. Interestingly, India happens to be in the epicenter of this threshold change, given her phenomenal electricity infrastructure ramp up through traditional generation, transmission as well as alternate modes using renewables linked to micro & nano grids. All topics relevant to global electricity have found resonance in the Indian context, right from UHV 1200kV to rural micro grids to intelligent electricity. India is truly the microcosmic representative of the diversity of challenges and solutions that exists in the global electricity sector. By the way, India today is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s third largest producer of electricity, a reminder of the growing clout of India in the global power equation. ELECRAMA through the years has evolved along the contours of the sectoral landscape to reflect these dynamic changes in the ecosystem and today is poised to take a leadership position of a truly global platform for technology, product and knowledge

March 2015

sharing amongst all key stakeholders of the electricity ecosystem earning itself the status of a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;WORLD ELECTRICITY FORUMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; The coming edition will witness the tectonic shift to that of a truly global platform where the global leaders, movers and makers of the power fraternity will come together to find answers to the rapidly evolving scenario in that of sustainable electricity transmission, distribution, consumption and conservation. Operationally, the shift would be towards keeping an agile, technology led approach, starting with an online space booking system, exhibitor and visitor engagement portal. In addition, the experience quotient will definitely be accentuated and a host of business opportunities are in the offing. More global participation is guaranteed in all aspects of ELECRAMA. Please feel free to contact me with your inputs and suggestions, which we assure, would be considered while working towards this global phenomenon. A superlative event experience for all stakeholders is definitely on the cards! Afterall, its ELECRAMA time, where power meets power! Best regards,

(Aaditya R Dhoot)

Contents

22 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 23 April 2015 Seminar is being rescheduled in view of Delhi Assembly Elections and associated activities during 9-14 February 2015

62 IEEMA Activities

66-67 Power Scenario

44 Tech Space

April

Concept, Characteristics and Constraints of EHV CTs - A guide for budding Engineers. - Er. K. K. Murty

Global Scenario Indian Scenario

68-69 IEEMA Database Basic Prices & Indices Production Statistics

76 Events Re-invest 2015 and Make in India workshop It has become a practice to compact stranded conductors passing though die or shaping rollers. This is to reduce the diameter as well as smoothen the outer surface of conductor in one go. In case of Medium Voltage and High Voltage Cable smooth outer surface facilitate in reducing electrical stress on the surface of conductor

78 Seminars & Fairs

80 Product Showcase

82 CPRI News

54 Tech Space

ERDA News

Design and Manufacturing of Smooth body Conductor - S. K. Ganguli ,Vivek Kohli

March 2015

Contents

101

Country Profile - Sweden

International News

Corporate News

• ABB bags $100 mn cable system order for wind farm in Denmark • Hitachi signs 220 MW wind farm contract in Japan Sweden is committed to develop a third pillar in electricity supply, next to hydro and nuclear power, with increased co-generation, wind and other renewable power production to reduce vulnerability and increase security of electricity supply.

• Adani to develop 10,000 MW solar park in Rajasthan • NTPC signs Rs 10,000-crore term loan agreement with SBI

104

98 National News • Country to add up to 2,300 MW wind capacity in FY15

Index to Advertisers

106

• Government approves Rs 996 crore for augmenting transmission network

Editorial Board Advisory Committee Founder Chairman Mr R G Keswani

Chairman Mr Vishnu Agarwal

Members Mr Babu Babel Mr Sunil Misra Mr J Pande Mr Narayan Sethuramon Mr Mustafa Wajid

Content Co-ordinator Ms Shalini Singh

Advertisements Incharge Ms Vidya Chikhale

Circulation Incharge Ms Chitra Tamhankar

Statistics & Data Incharge Mr Ninad Ranade Designed by Reflections Processed at India Printing Works Edited, Printed and published by Mr Sunil Kumar Misra on behalf of Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association, and Printed at India Printing Works, India Printing House, 42, G. D. Ambekar Road, Wadala, Mumbai 400 031 and Published at 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. Website: www.ieema.org

Annual Subscription: Inland: ` 300/Foreign: (Airmail) US $ 120/Single Copy ` 50/Articles: Technical data presented and views expressed by authors of articles are their own and IEEMA does not assume any responsibility for the same. IEEMA Journal owns copyright for original articles published in IEEMA Journal. Advertisements: Artworks accepted upto 15th day of previous month of issue. Advertisements published in IEEMA Journal are on good faith basis. Advertisers are solely responsible for contents/ violation of any law in the contents / actions arising from contents. IEEMA Journal does not take responsibility for claims made by advertisers regarding products, ownership, trademarks, logos, patents and other such things. Subscribers can write to the Editor for an extra copy if issue is not received by 15th day of the month. Enquiries & Correspondence: Editor, IEEMA Journal, Regd Office - Mumbai 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. Phones: +91(0) 22 24930532 / 6528 Fax: +91(0) 22 2493 2705 Email: mumbai@ieema.org Corporate Office - New Delhi Rishyamook Building, First floor, 85 A, Panchkuian Road, New Delhi 110001. Phones: +91 (0) 11-23363013, 14, 16 Fax: +91 (0) 11-23363015 Email: delhi@ieema.org Branch Office - Bengaluru 204, Swiss Complex, 33, Race Course Road, Bengaluru 560 001. Phones: +91 (0) 80 2220 1316 / 1318 Fax: +91 (0) 80 220 1317 Email: bangalore@ieema.org

Branch Office - Kolkata 503 A, Oswal Chambers, 2, Church Lane, Kolkata 700 001. Phones: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Fax: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Email: kolkata@ieema.org Representatives: Guwahati (Assam) - Nilankha Chaliha Email: nilankha.chaliha@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9706389965 Raipur (Chhattisgarh) - Rakesh Ojha Email: rakesh.ojha@ieema.org Mobile:+91 9826855666 Lucknow (U.P. and Uttarakhand) Ajuj Kumar Chaturvedi Email: anuj.chaturvedi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9839603195 Chandigarh (Punjab & Haryana) Bharti Bisht Email: bharti.bisht@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9888208880 Jaipur (Rajasthan) Devesh Vyas Email: devesh.vyas@ieema.org Mobile: +91 8955093854 Bhubaneshwar (Odisha) Smruti Ranjan Samantaray Email: smrutiranjan.samantaray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9437189920 Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) Jesse A Inaparthi Email: jesse.inaparthi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9949235153 Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) Mohammad Irfan Parray Email: irfan.parray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9858455509 Posting Date: 1st working day of the month of issue.

March 2015

Appointments

Mr P Chellapandi

Mr T Suvarna Raju

appointed CMD, BHAVINI

appo inted Chairman, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd

Nuclear reactor scientist Mr P Chellapandi has been appointed the CMD of India’s fast breeder reactor power company Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd (BHAVINI). He is currently director at the Reactor Engineering Group of the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR). A distinguished scientist, Chellapandi began his career in IGCAR in 1979 and specialised in design, analysis and qualification of nuclear reactor components.

Mr Anish Aggarwal takes over as Director (Pipelines), IndianOil Mr Anish Aggarwal has been appointed as Director of Pipelines, Indian Oil Corporation Limited. Mr Aggarwal was previously the Executive Director of Operations in the company’s Pipelines Division and leading the team in charge of operations and maintenance of Indian Oil’s 11,221 kilometer long pipeline network. He has worked for over 30 years in the company with his expertise being in pipeline projects.

Mr V Udaya Bhaskar appointed CMD, Bharat Dynamics Ltd Mr V Udaya Bhaskar has been appointed the new Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Dynamics Ltd. He was earlier Director (Production) of the Hyderabad- headquartered company. The public sector undertaking is a miniratna under the Union Ministry of Defence. An M-Tech in Polymer Science and Technology from IIT, Delhi, Udaya Bhaskar has vast experience in various areas of missile production, spanning 25 years.

Defence Secretary Mr R K Mathur gets additional Charge of Secretary, DRDO The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has given Defence Secretary Mr R K Mathur the additional charge of DRDO Secretary for a period of three months. A 1977-batch IAS officer of Manipur-Tripura cadre, he has done his B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Kanpur and M.Tech in Industrial Engineering from IIT, Delhi.

Mr T Suvarna Raju has been appointed as the 17th chairman of the state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), following his predecessor R K Tyagi’s retirement. He has played a key role in speeding up the company’s Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) and helicopter projects involving Dhruv ALH and its combat and light utility variants. He joined HAL in 1980 as a management trainee after doing post-graduate studies in Mechanical Engineering.

IPS officer Ms Anuradha Shankar appointed HPCL CVO IPS officer Ms Anuradha Shankar has been appointed as the Chief Vigilance Officer of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (  HPCL), Mumbai. Shankar, a 1990-batch IPS officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre, has been appointed for three years, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) said in its order.

Mr Madhusudan Prasad appointed Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development Mr Madhusudan Prasad, a 1981 batch IAS officer of Haryana cadre, has been appointed Secretary in the Ministry of Urban Development. Prasad is working as Special Secretary in the Department of Commerce.

Mr RB Goenka appointed Ind Director of MSEB Holding Co Mr K. Mysaiah (58) has been appointed as Executive Director of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Ranipet. Mr. Mysaiah was General Manager in charge of two major products-TC & HE and Fab at the Heavy Power Equipment Plant (HPEP), BHEL, Hyderabad. He was also assigned with the statutory position of Factory Manager of HPEP where he successfully handled many critical situations.

Mr K Mysaiah appointed Executive Director BHEL Mr K. Mysaiah (58) has been appointed as Executive Director of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Ranipet. Mr. Mysaiah was General Manager in charge of two major products-TC & HE and Fab at the Heavy Power Equipment Plant (HPEP), BHEL, Hyderabad. He was also assigned with the statutory position of Factory Manager of HPEP where he successfully handled many critical situations.

March 2015

CoverStory

Continuing with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s focus on development of north-eastern region, as he said, “We want development through energy sector and northeast India’s unemployment problems would be solved through this sector. Japan and Germany have also promised to help northeast India in various means.” The government has already identified 21 such key projects worth over ` 1 lakh crore for ensuring faster clearances to them. Out of these 21 projects at least 11 are power projects including 3097 MW Etalin Hydro Electric Project on Dri River and Tangon River in Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh worth over ` 24,200 crores, 1800 MW Kamala Hydro Electric Project worth ` 20,141 crores and 2000 MW Hydro project on Subansiri River in Assam worth ` 11000 crore are some of the big projects for NE. The power sector provides immense potential for the northeastern region. If the resources available are properly developed, the region will not only be able to export power, but, over time, will also end up attracting investments in the kind of manufacturing in which uninterrupted electricity supply is essential. The estimated hydropower generation potential of the Northeast is huge, but capacity development is woefully short of potential. With the initiation of the North East Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy, the Central government practically made the entire Northeast a special economic zone in 2007, providing major incentives to investors, including 100 per cent tax exemptions and duty cuts, capital subsidies of up to 30 per cent and even insurance reimbursements. Private

investment has so far been elusive, mainly due to the lack of quality infrastructure.

Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd To get a better view of the situation IEEMA Journal spoke to Mr K N WAR, DIRECTOR (HRD), Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd. Mr K N WAR spoke about the prospects of Hydro power in Meghalaya, he says, “The hydro power potential of the State of Meghalaya is 3000 MW which is about 3% of the total hydro potential of the country. Presently, the installed capacity 314.70 MW and about 64.0 MW capacity is under construction.” Sharing a comprehensive scheme for strengthening of Transmission & Distribution he says, “The North East Region Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP) is a comprehensive scheme to be funded by World Bank and Government of India. The scheme comprises of development of Transmission, Sub-Transmission/ Distribution system up to 33 kV.” The work covered under Tranche I, for Meghalaya Power Transmission Corporation Limited (MePTCL), are broadly highlighted in the following table. S. No 1

Substations

3 4

Work

Transmission lines Transmission lines

Rating

Unit

132/33 KV 220/ 132 KV

MVA

Capacity addition 300

MVA

760

220 KV

CKm

244

132 KV

CKm

172

Source: Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd.

March 2015

CoverStory

The funding pattern for MePTCL is summarised as below: State Govt. Loan

GoI Grant

5% 29.5

95% 560.5

Funding (%) Amount (` Crore)

Source: Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd.

The works covered under Tranche I for Meghalaya Power Distribution Corporation Limited (MePDCL) are broadly highlighted in the following table: S. No

Work

New Substations

33/11 KV

MVA

115

Augmentation of Substations

33/11 KV

MVA

Construction of lines 33 KV CKm

198

3 4

Rating Unit Capacity Addition

Reconductoring of lines

33 KV CKm

Source: Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd.

The funding pattern for MePDCL is summarised as below: State Govt. oan

GoI Grant

Funding (%)

95%

Amount (` Crore)

8.91

169.29

Source: Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd.

The project approval has been received from Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC), Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) and is also expected from World Bank. Tranche I funding shall be utilized for first phase of construction, which is expected to take 48 months. Construction is expected to begin in FY16 and shall be completed by FY19.

The details of Transmission & Distribution and AT&C loss in Meghalaya from 2009-10 to 2014-15 FY 2009-10 (Actual)

T&D Loss 33.02%

AT & C loss 34.63%

FY 2010-11(Actual)

33.27%

29.99%

FY 2011-12(Actual)

30.01%

28.93%

FY 2012-13 (Provisional)

31.59%

28.65%

FY 2013-14 (Provisional)

26.75%

28.61%

FY 2014-15 (Estimated)

24.91%

27.11%

Year

Source: Meghalaya Energy Corporation Ltd.

March 2015

Speaking about the status of Reforms he says, “The Power Supply Industry in Meghalaya had been under the control of the erstwhile Meghalaya State Electricity Board (MeSEB) from 21st January 1975. The Government of Meghalaya unbundled and restructured MeSEB with effect from 31st March 2010. The Generation, Transmission and Distribution businesses of the erstwhile Meghalaya State Electricity Board were transferred to four successor companies. The State Government issued a Notification “The Meghalaya Power Sector Reforms Transfer Scheme 2010” thereby giving effect to the transfer of assets, properties, rights, liabilities, obligations, proceedings and personnel of the erstwhile MeSEB.” On 31st March 2012, Government of Meghalaya issued further amendment to the above mentioned transfer scheme, to transfer Assets and Liabilities including all rights, obligations and contingencies with effect from 1st April, 2012 to namely: uu Generation: Meghalaya Power Generation

Corporation Ltd. (MePGCL) uu Transmission: Meghalaya Power Transmission

Corporation Ltd. (MePTCL) uu Distribution: Meghalaya Power Distribution

Corporation Ltd. (MePDCL) uu Meghalaya Energy Corporation Limited (MeECL),

a holding company. The Total hydro-power potential in the NER including Sikkim is 63,257 MW. While presently, only 3% of the assessed potential has been developed in N.E. Region. There are 143 HE projects with capacity of 57,167 MW identified by CEA/States in NER for implementation and monitoring. Out of these, 79 projects have been allotted in Arunachal Pradesh as on date: 75 projects allotted to private sector with capacity of 29512 MW and four projects for a capacity of 5870 MW are allotted to CPSUs.

CoverStory

assistance of World Bank loan and the budget of MoP. Presently, all the six NER States are connected to transmission network at 132 KV and below. The The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister, 33 KV system is the backbone of power distribution Shri Narendra Modi gave its approval for the system in the six NER States. In order to reduce the North Eastern Region Power System Improvement gap between the requirement and availability of the Project (NERPSlP) for six States (Assam, Manipur, intra-state transmission Meghalaya, Mizoram, and distribution system, Tripura and Nagaland) for The Total hydro-power potential in the it is necessar y to strengthening of the Intra NER including Sikkim is 63,257 MW. While provide 132 KV / 220 KV State Transmission and presently, only 3% of the assessed potential connectivity to all the six Distribution System at an has been developed in N.E. Region. There NER States for proper estimated cost of ` 5111.33 are 143 HE projects with capacity of 57,167 voltage management crore including capacity MW identified by CEA/States in NER for and lower distribution building expenditure of implementation and monitoring. losses. Similarly, the ` 89 crore. The scheme is distribution system in all to be taken up under a new six NER States which mainly relies on 33 KV network Central Sector Plan Scheme of Ministry of Power (MoP). The scheme is to be implemented with the would be strengthened substantially.

Strengthening of the Intra-State Transmission and Distribution System

North Eastern Regional Power Committee Mr B Lyngkhoi, Director, North Eastern Regional Power Committee, Speaks to IEEMA Journal and gives an overview of the power sector of North East.

North-East is called as the Power House of India: Can you please share the prospects and problems and also overview of the power sector of North East. North East is termed as future power house of India. According to an estimate of the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and private power developers, Arunachal Pradesh has the potential to generate over 57,000 MW of hydro power. More than 150 memorandums of understanding (MoU) for Mega dams have been signed in Arunachal Pradesh State alone. Some of the ongoing projects in AR. Pradesh are 2000 MW Lower Subansiri of NHPC, 600 MW Kameng HEP of NEEPCO, 104 MW Pare of HEP which are expected to be completed by 2016-17. The proposed 3000 Dibang HEP project, 1750 MW Lower Demwe HEP and many more will be coming up in future in AR. Pradesh. The Manipur Government singed MoUs with NEEPCO to undertake 60 MW Irang HEP project at Irang ricer, 190 MW Pabram HEP over Barak River, 67 MW Chakha HEP at Barak River, Tuivai HEP over Tuivai River in Manipur. Policies, such as Manipur Hydro Power Policy, 2012 are also formed to promote mega dams across the North East region.

Apart from above, 726 MW of OTPC (ONGC Tripura Power Corporation) will be fully generated by February, 2015, then 750 MW of NTPC at Bongaigoan (One unit of 250 MW) is likely to be synchronized by March, 2015, 60 MW Tuirial HEP in Mizoram of NEEPCO etc. Apart from these many more projects are in the pipeline in NER. Looking at these projects, it is clearly seen that NER will be the future power house of India. However, since NER is highly seismic zone of Category 窶天, careful planning has to be carried out while constructing such big dams to avoid flash floods in downstream as well as environmental issues. Due to up-coming hydel projects- several thousand hectares of agriculture land will be submerged and this will aggravate climate crisis. This is a matter of great concern. What are the plans to evacuate the power surplus of NER? Please give the details of comprehensive scheme for strengthening of transmission and distribution system in north eastern region? What are the Reforms & Restructuring Reforms in Power Sector? North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP) for six (6) States (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Nagaland) for strengthening of the Intra-State Transmission and Distribution System. The development of Transmission and Distribution (T&D) systems in the North Eastern Region (NER) has lagged behind both in terms of Inter-State and IntraState connectivity. Taking this into consideration, the entire transmission system development in NER was discussed in detail in First Sectoral summit

March 2015

CoverStory

Ministry of Power appointed PGCIL as “Design– cum-Implementation Supervision Consultant” on 1st February, 2012 and asked PGCIL to approach the World Bank and commence project preparation. In order to structure the various elements of Transmission and Distribution schemes under first tranche discussions were held among the World Bank, CEA, States and PGCIL over extended period. The elements were prioritized in such a manner that they could be implemented expeditiously due to relatively less constraints of Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) and Forest clearance issues. Accordingly State-specific DPRs for Transmission/Sub-transmission and Distribution of North Eastern Council at Pasighat in Arunachal systems (33 kV and above) of six NER States were Pradesh in January, 2007 and accordingly, “Pasighat updated by PGCIL in January, 2014, keeping in Proclamation on Power” was declared. Pursuant to view the latest requirements based on the ground this Proclamation, a Comprehensive Scheme was situation in the States. As regards the overlying prepared for strengthening of Transmission, SubInter State Transmission System (under Central transmission and Distribution system of the North Sector jurisdiction), it may Eastern Region by Central be mentioned that the Electricity Authority (CEA) Looking at these projects, it is clearly seen existing system along with in consultation with Power that NER will be the future power house of the transmission system Grid Corporation of India India. However, since NER is highly seismic under implementation for Limited (PGCIL) and all zone of Category –V, careful planning has to generation projects namely the States of North Eastern be carried out while constructing such big Pallatana, Bongaigaon, Region (NER). dams to avoid flash floods in downstream as lower Subansiri, Kameng well as environmental issues. Based on the above and the NER Strengthening Comprehensive Scheme, Schemes II & III shall be Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) comprising adequate enough to feed into the Transmission & Transmission, Sub-transmission and Distribution Distribution system covered under this proposal. systems upto 33 kV were prepared by PGCIL in State-wise details of intra-state transmission and Jan, 2010 for each of the six (6) North Eastern distribution system (33kV & above) required to be Region States namely, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, implemented with the World Bank (WB) assistance Mizoram, Tripura and Nagaland. Subsequently, under Tranche-I, are as below: Department of Economic Affairs had approached The project is proposed to be implemented through the World Bank in November, 2010 to provide US $ a Central Implementing Agency i.e. Power Grid 1500 million of International Bank for Reconstruction Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL). PGCIL shall and Development (IBRD) funding support to the be paid a consultancy fee of 12% of the executed scheme, in three tranches of US$ 500 million each. Proposed under First Tranche of World Bank (WB) Loan Transmission(132kV & above) Distribution (upto 33kV) Line (CKm) New S/s (No.) Total MVA (New & Total MVA Line New SubAugmentation) (New & (CKm) Station (S/s) (No.) Augmentation) Assam Manipur Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Tripura Total (Tranche I)

376 317 317 416 214 376 415 2114

11 2 2 4 3 5 8 33

1644 160 160 940 125 245 1306.5 4420.5

479 111 111 263 5.2 76.5 1096 2030.7

16 13 13 11 1 10 34 85

240 229.4 229.4 135 6.3 190 450.5 1251.2

Source: North Eastern Regional Power Committee

March 2015

CoverStory

It has been envisaged that during the implementation of this proposal, the capacity of the State Utilities shall be enhanced to enable them to contribute significantly more during subsequent tranches, preparation for which shall be commenced after approval of the first tranche of the loan. To facilitate capacity building, it has been proposed that expenditure to an extent of ` 89 Crore shall be fully borne by Government of India (GoI). This shall be in addition to 50% share of GoI in funding. The cost estimate of the project has been worked cost as a “Project Management Consultant” (PMC). out as ` 5111.33 Crore at February, 2014 price level The consultancy fee shall not be charged on the as summarised below: cost of land and Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R) as recently done for balance two NE States under The completion cost of the project has been worked similar scheme for Arunachal Pradesh & Sikkim, for out as ` 6092.10 Crore (including consultancy fee which investment approval was recently accorded & service tax thereon) as per guidelines dated by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) 6.8.1997 issued by Ministry of Finance considering on 15.09.2014. The projects will be owned by the the average increase of Wholesale Price Index State Utilities, which would undertake Operation & (WPI) (80% weightage) and Maintenance (O&M) Consumer Price Index (CPI) upon progressive It has been envisaged that during the (20% weightage) for the commissioning of the implementation of this proposal, the capacity preceding 12 months period. projects at their own of the State Utilities shall be enhanced to The project is considered cost. enable them to contribute significantly more as a Central Sector project ‘In-principle’ approval during subsequent tranches, preparation for with 50% contribution from to the project proposal which shall be commenced after approval of Government of India (through was accorded by the the first tranche of the loan. the budget of Ministry of Planning Commission Power) and 50% contribution in September, 2011. The as loan from the World Bank which amount to ` project is being taken up as Central Sector Project 5022.33 crore plus ` 89 crore for capacity build with 50% funding from GoI & balance 50% from The ing expenditure to be funded by Government of World Bank under IBRD. India through the budget of Ministry of Power as mentioned in para above. The financing of the World An amount of ` 200 Crore has already been Bank funding (50% contribution) would be as per provided in Budget Estimate (BE) 2014-15. Savings the extant guidelines for the North Eastern Region accrued during XII Plan under the overall budget of i.e., 90% grant and 10% loan to be borne by the Ministry of Power (MoP) would be used for funding States. The States would also bear the foreign this proposal, which has the support of Planning exchange rate variation corresponding to 10% of Commission. Fund requirement under XIII Plan shall also be appropriately provided for. the World Bank loan. (Figures in Rs. Crore) WB

GoI

Total

Project Cost

Capacity Building

Assam

729.485

14.83

1473.803

Manipur

213.690

14.83

442.213

Meghalaya

381.050

14.83

776.933

Mizoram

150.965

14.83

316.763

Nagaland

357.290

14.83

729.413

Tripura

678.685

14.83

1372.203

Sub Total

2511.165

Total

2511.165

2600.165

Source: North Eastern Regional Power Committee

March 2015

5111.33

CoverStory

Year-wise phasing of expenditure Sl No Funding A World Bank B GoI

Project Cost

2015-16 366.000

2016-17 620.670

2017-18 763.590

2018-19 494.720

100 0

366.000 17.800

620.670 26.700

763.590 35.600

494.720 8.900

166.185 0

2511.165 89.000

100 200

383.800 749.800

647.370 799.190 1268.040 1562.780

503.620 998.340

166.185 332.370

2600.165 5111.33

Project Cost Cap. Building Total = B Total = (A+B)

(Figures in Rs. Crore) 2019-20 Total 166.185 2511.165

2014-15 100

Source: North Eastern Regional Power Committee

Can you please share the details of AT&C losses in the region specifically? AT&C Losses (%) North Eastern Region Loss Levels in 2009-10 as compared to that in 2008-09

What are the key issues concerning the power sector in the region?

80 70 60 2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

20 10 0

It is observed that the AT&C losses in 5out of the 8 States have shown a decreasing trend from 200809 to 2009-10. Details of the same are as follows: The AT&C losses recorded for the North Eastern Region has been the highest amongst all other regions of the country. In the year 2007-08, the losses stood at 40.32% whereas the national average was 29.45%. In the year 2008-09, the losses stood at 40.70% whereas the national average was 27.74%. In the year 2009-10, the losses stood at 36.44% whereas the national average was 27.15%. The Statewise AT&C losses for the region over the three years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 are as shown in the below figure. Loss Levels in 2009-10 as State compared to that in 2008-09 State Ar. Pradesh Assam Manipur Tripura Meghalaya

Increase/ Decrease Decreased by more than 4% Decreased by 2 – 4% Decreased by more than 30% Decreased by 2 – 4% Increased by more than 4%

March 2015

Decreased by 2 – 4% Increased by 2 – 4% Increased by 2 – 4%

Source: North Eastern Regional Power Committee

Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim

Since the power generation in the region is hydrothermal mix, the region will be power surplus soon in both hydro and lean hydro season. But the main concern is that power connectivity for all by 2020 as plan by Govt. of India. The present power demand of the seven NE States is of the order of 2200 MW. As per 18th EPS (Electric Power Survey) report of CEA, the projected power demand of the region will be 2966 MW by 2016-17 and 4056 MW by 2021-22. Due to vast geographical spread of the States, the power demand is scattered over large distances. Therefore, it becomes necessary to provide 132kV connectivity to the distant locations so that power supply from regional grid may be extended to all over the State. The proposal is a major step towards meeting the national objectives like power to all, especially in the backward North Eastern (NE) region for inclusive growth, through enhancement in access of consumers to Grid connected power supply, besides improving its availability, adequacy, reliability and affordability. This shall also increase per capita power consumption in these States, which presently varies from 240.3 Kwh (Assam) to 690 Kwh (Meghalaya) compared to the National average of 914 Kwh. The transmission portion of the proposal has been planned for absorption of power from the overlying regional grid and to feed it to different parts of the State. The Distribution portion has been planned to facilitate dispersal of this power to the final consumers. - shalini.singh@ieema.org

GuestArticle

ur country is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. More than 65% of power generation in the country is coal based. The coal, right from its mining to usage is extremely polluting the environment and is largely responsible for global warming. Otherwise also if the exploitation of the fossil fuels is continued at the present pace, the resources have be exhausted in decades time whereas energy security is key to the economic growth and welfare of any country, state. Therefore worldwide there is a trend to protect the globe against the ill - effects of excess exploitation of the fossil fuels and the countries are stepping fast towards non – conventional, renewal energy resources like solar, wind, biomass, geothermal etc. World over research and technological developments are taking place to harness energy from the renewable resources and their economic viability is increasing

For any change, both motivation and mandate are equally important. So the central and state governments have been incentivizing, facilitating the investors/developers for establishing renewable energy plants and the regulators have prescribed for the power distribution entities purchase of renewal energy, at least a certain percentage of their total consumption, called Renewal Purchase Obligation. As of now it is an obligation for the Discoms as the purchase of renewal power is costing dearer than the conventional power. For example, the Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission has prescribed the

following Regulatory Purchase Obligation ( RPO ) for the state Discoms : Year

Obligation expressed as percentage of energy consumption ( % ) Wind

Biomass

Solar

Total

2104 – 15

6.80

0.70

1.50

9.00

2015 – 16

7.30

0.90

2.00

10.20

2016 - 17

7.80

1.10

2.50

11.40

By the year 2022, the above total percentage of renewal purchase obligation is expected to exceed 20%. Hardly any state could so far fully achieve the target of renewal purchase obligation, perhaps. Even the state of Rajasthan which is leading in generation of renewal energy would not be able to fully achieve the RPO target for the year 2014 – 15. Rajasthan’s expected total energy consumption for the year 2014 – 15 is 62000 Million units and the maximum demand around 11000 MW. With the environment changing to business friendly and the country heading towards "Make In India", the power consumption across the states will increase at faster pace and so the regulatory purchase obligation to ensure appropriate energy mix. Rajasthan is blessed with huge potential of wind

March 2015

GuestArticle

and solar energy but due to uncertain, less reliable availability of the wind power, its effective cost to Discoms is higher compared to solar. So may be the case with other states also. The average annual and daily availability of sun in the state is 300 days and 12 hours respectively. The average generation per day per KW solar capacity is 5 – 6 units. Therefore higher increment to solar purchase obligation compared to wind shall be more economically advantageous to Discoms. In the above backdrop and to harness the benefit of the maximum available solar intensity in the interest of the state, the state government has issued “Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy - 2014”. Under the policy the state government will encourage and facilitate investors and developers for establishing an aggregate capacity of 25000 MW solar power during the ensuing years. The solar power has an upper edge due to its characteristics like wholly pollution free, easy decentralized generation. There is a fundamental principle that a product will have maximum value (ratio of utility and price) if its raw material, all facilities for production and demand is at the same place. Such principle is more applicable to electricity as its transportation from the generating station to the end consumer suffers from inevitable T&D Loss besides the cost of transportation. More over the generation and consumption are simultaneous. Therefore it would lead to a most advantageous situation if the generation of electricity is technically and economically viable at the consumer’s premises itself and the roof top solar plant is the right answer. This can be conveniently installed on the consumers’ roof top or on the vacant space available at the consumers’ premises. It may be off grid or grid connected. The roof top solar plants offer the following advantages compared to the distantly located generating plants : 1. Minimum expenditure (almost zero) on transmission and distribution infrastructure for that capacity. 2. Negligible transmission and distribution loss. In reference to the state of Rajasthan 140 units generated by a distantly located power station is approximately equivalent to 100 units generated by the roof top plant. 3. Installation as also the maintenance of roof top solar plants are labour–intensive jobs and so would generate local employment.

March 2015

4. Since solar power is available during higher demand hours of the day, it would optimize Discoms’ power purchase cost. The state Discoms are approaching regulators for determination of tariff and regulations for grid connectivity of roof top solar power. Jaipur Discom has also filed a petition before the state regulator for determination of tariff and grid connectivity regulations for One KW to One MW solar roof top plants. Germany, the world leader in solar power having installed a capacity of around 28000 MW solar power is almost roof top. Every fifth house in Australia has a roof top solar plant with aggregate capacity of approximately 4000 MW. But India so far is reported to have a total roof top solar capacity approximately 285 MW only, although the world’s largest roof top solar plant of 7.2 MW capacity has been recently commissioned in country’s Punjab state. It is supplying power to Punjab state utility. As per an industrial survey, India has potential to install 41000 MW roof top solar power at commercial and industrial premises and approximately 35000 MW at residential premises by the year 2024. Roof top Solar Photo Voltaic Plants ( SPV ) of total capacity 2.5 MW have already been commissioned on more than 100 roof tops of Gandhi Nagar City of Gujarat and the state has declared installation of another 25 MW roof top solar plants for its Vadodara, Mehasana, Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Surat cities. Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI ) has awarded a work contract for installing total capacity of 5.5 MW SPV plants on the roofs of Bengaluru, Delhi, Chennai and Gurgaon. All these plants are based on rent - a - roof model. The ministry of urban development has also launched a mission to install SPV roof top solar panels of aggregate capacity 100 MW over 629 central government buildings in 18 different states of the country through SECI. The state

GuestArticle

of Haryana has made installation of roof top solar plants compulsory for a specific category, larger size residential, commercial and industrial premises with effect from September 01, 2015. The roof top plant is beneficial to the premises holder â&#x20AC;&#x201C; consumer also. The premises owner may get rent from or share profit with the plant developer, may get power in the event of grid failure and a sense of satisfaction for contribution to environment protection. The roof top SPV are safe and do not cause any inconvenience to the premises holder. The investors/developers may be selected through a proper process by the states nodal agency or the Discoms. The tariff for roof top solar plants may be determined through competitive bidding or the plants may be installed under Renewal Energy Certificate(REC) mechanism. The power so generated may be purchased by Discoms. The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has recently revised the floor price of solar REC to ` 3.5 per unit and the central government

has proposed amendment to the electricity act 2003, making stringent provisions for non-compliance to RPO. The amendment also proposes several incentives for renewal energy generation. As a result of continuous research in India and abroad, use of advance technology and available incentives, the capital cost of solar plants is decreasing every year where as cost of supply to consumers by Discoms is on the increasing trend. It is expected that by end of the another two years, cost of roof top solar power will be less than the cost of supply from the utilities. As on date the roof top solar is the most economical source for Discoms to comply with the Renewal Purchase Obligation. Looking to all such advantages we may call it energy for the future. Author

Arjun Singh Former Managing Director Jaipur Discom

March 2015

SMETalks

We face competition from the unorganized sector supplying cheap low quality lugs and terminals: ED, BEWL Billets Elektro Werke Pvt. Ltd. began its journey of engineering excellence and innovation from a small shop manufacturing cycle rickshaws in Nagpur to later diversifying into manufacturing of switchgear products and Stardelta starters for the electrical industry. Chirag Ashok Patel, Executive Director, Billets Elektro Werke Pvt. Ltd speaks to IEEMA Journal on adopting best practices in manufacturing systems.

Overview of upcoming projects

At present we are one of the leading manufacturers and pioneers in crimping technology (cable lugs and crimping tools) both in the local as well as export market. However we would like to broaden our cable accessories range to include brass parts like cable glands, machined components, switch gear parts made from copper, and finally snap-on terminals for the automobile sector.

Priority areas

We are focusing on the US market and of course the local market. The US economy is on a rebound and we feel the time is right to aggressively market our products there. We have already obtained UL certification for hundreds of products that are typical to that market. The Indian market is on the cusp of exponential growth and we would not want to miss the next wave of growth which should begin very soon. We are expanding our marketing effort and also our sales force and dealer network.

Projects in pipeline

Apart from the aforementioned projects, we are giving impetus to Bimetallic Lugs and Connectors. We are glad that the Solar and Windmill industry is adopting this component, as it is technically superior to conventional lugs. For the export market we have developed and are expanding our Split Bolt range, which is a product that finds application in grounding.

Expansion plans

Seeing such a good demand in bimetallic lugs, and judging by the number of power/renewable energy projects in the pipeline, we are contemplating to buy

another Friction Welding machine. In the second half of the year we plan to add 20 Power presses of various tonnages. We have already bought CNC lathe and milling machine to manufacture tailor made machined parts. Thus expanding upon our existing CNC machinery. Although we are optimistic about the growth in the economy, a certain amount of caution is due and we would be expanding in an organic manner. We already have a number of our processes automated and we are currently looking into innovative automation solutions and trying to adopt best practices into our manufacturing systems.

Challenges On the sales front the challenge we face is competition from the unorganized sector supplying cheap low quality lugs and terminals. We are trying to solve this issue by educating our customer about the dangers of using low quality copper lugs, however the market is majorly governed by price thus quality sometimes takes a backseat. On the manufacturing front the recurring problem faced every year is labour shortage and even when labor is available the quality and skill is much left to be desired. The government needs to improve the education infrastructure and we need ITI and engineering institutes to churn out quality technicians and engineers. In fact I feel this is one of the major areas where China has overtaken us. The labour rates there may be higher but the productivity of the workforce offsets the higher wage.

Five years plan We are targeting growth in revenues to the tune of 25% year on year for the next five years. Our strategy is in place and we need to focus on implementing the same on a consistent basis. Currently we are a major exporter as 80% of our sales is from the export market. We have 15-20% share in the local market and we would like to increase that to at least 50% in the coming years.

March 2015

SMETalks

New web portal for Employment Exchange for Industries Office of the DC(MSME), New Delhi has recently developed a portal www.ee4ind.com to create an online employment Exchange facility. This was being developed with an objective to provide pool of skilled manpower to the manufacturing sectors on one hand and employment opportunities the skilled youth who are in search of these opportunities. The facility has been developed as “Employment Exchange Industries (EEI)” and has been copyrighted in the name of DC(MSME). In the initial stage, it has been decided to offer this facility to both prospective Employer and Employee free of charge. The EEI has already started encouraging students who has already taken the training at IDEMI in Mumbai on various subjects to upload their information on the above portal. Approximately students are uploading their bio-data on this web portal. Similarly all Room & Testing centre under the Ministry of MSME are also encouraging their students for uploading their bio-data Form IV (See Rule 3) Statement about ownership and other particulars about Newspaper IEEMA Journal 1. Place of publication : Mumbai 2. Periodicity of its publication : Monthly 3. Printer’s Name : Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra Nationality : Indian Address : Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. 4. Publisher’s Name : Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra Nationality : Indian Address : Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. 5. Editor’s Name : Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra Nationality : Indian Address : Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. 6. Names and addresses of : Indian Electrical & Electronics individuals who own the Manufacturers’ Association newspapers and partners 501, Kakad Chambers, or shareholders holding 132, Dr A Besant Road, more than one per cent Worli, Mumbai 400 018. of the total capital I, Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. (Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra) Signature of Publisher Dated: 1st March, 2015

March 2015

TechSpace

he Current Transformers (CTs) are Instrument Transformers and are very vital equipments used on the HV, EHV and UHV level systems. These transform the Primary current (which is directly not measurable as being of HV/EHV levels) into Secondary current which is almost the replica of the primary current and can be easily used in the secondary instruments/equipments like protective relays, control panels, energy meters and for SCADA applications etc. Therefore the CTs are used as input devices producing secondary currents proportional to the primary currents within the required accuracy limits.

Np (No of primary Turns can be 1, ie it is a bar primary CT).

Following figures depict the basic connection of CTs:

Theory /Principle of Current Transformers The Current Transformer follows the principle of maintaining balance between Primary Ampere-Turns and Secondary Ampere-Turns. Thus the following Ampere-Turn equation holds good. Ip x N p= Is x Ns, Where; Ip= Primary current,

Fig:1(a)

Where P1-P2 =Primary terminals,Ip =Primary Current, S1-S2= Secondary terminals., Is=Secondary Current, Im=Core Magnetizing Current,

Np=Primary No. of turns.

R CT = Internal winding resistance of CT,RB=Resistance of the connected Burden.

Is=Secondary current.

ZT= RCT + RB.

Ns= Secondary No. of turns.

Note:In the above figure the Primary Turns have been shown,However in some CTs there is bar primary ie the CT has primary turn as 1 only.In such CTs the primary lead /conductor passes through the Toridal ring type core containing secondary winding.{Ref fig. 1.(b)}

Kn= Ns/ N p, turn ratio or Transformation ratio. Im=core magnetizing component. Ie=Iron loss component, Io=Exciting current. Î¸=the phase angle of the Current Transformer. Note:

March 2015

the

TechSpace

Composite Error: The secondary current not only contains ratio error and phase angle, but it also contains the effect of harmonics in the exciting current in the Composite Error. This is defined as the difference between the rms value of the ideal secondary current and the actual secondary current .The primary current is always assumed to be sinusoidal.

Fig:1(b)

The vector diagram of CTs is as follows;

Where Kn = rated transformation ratio, Ip = rms value of the primary current , ip= instantaneous value of primary current.

is = instantaneous value of secondary current. T = duration of one cycle. The secondary wave shapes of Ideal secondary current, actual secondary current and the exciting current are shown in the fig. 3.

Fig:2 Vector Diagram

CT Errors:

Fig : 3 Wave Shape of composite error

Ratio Error The ratio error of the CT= 100. It is +ve, if K x I s is more than I p. that means for a given Primary Current, the Secondary current is high, however generally the ratio error is – ve.

Phase Angle of the CT (<Ø) It is observed from the vector diagram that secondary current vector is not in line with primary current vector. The secondary current vector Is when reversed is making an angle of θ with the Pry current vector Ip . Is vector when reversed shall never lie on the Ip vector as this angle is caused due to the Magnetizing and Iron loss component of the secondary current. Thus phase angle error has to always exist. The angle is said to be +ve by which secondary current vector, when reversed leads the Primary current vector. It is expressed in minutes.

March 2015

In addition to above, some of the relevant facts/ definitions / terminology concerning to the CTs must be known, which are mentioned in the following paras; Burden: It is the impedance of the secondary circuit in Ohms and Power factor. It is expressed in Volt ampere. Volt Ampere should not be confused with a source which can deliver the rated current. Say 15 VA with 5A.secondary current does not mean 3voltsx5 amps. It is the square of the current flowing through the CT Sec winding resistance, resistance of 2 x the lead length and the impedance of the relays/meters connected in the circuit. For example, if the total impedance of the instrument/relay, twice the lead resistance and the CT Secy winding resistance is say 3.0 ohms and the CT secondary rated current is say 5 amps thus the VA burden would be I2xZ, (5)2x3.0=25x3.0, ·˙· VA Burden =75 AV.

TechSpace

Rated Burden: Output of the CT secondary to which it can feed maintaining the required accuracy stipulated in the Standards (IS: 2705 or IEC: 60044-1 etc) Total Burden: It is the sum of the total burdens (in VA) connected to the CT secondary. Total Burden in VA=I2x {(resistance of 2 x length of connecting lead) + Resistance of CT Secondary winding)} + VA burden of the meters/relays connected to it. Note: (i) In practice, in order to reduce the losses in the control cable of the CT, copper control cable of 4 sq mm is used between secondary terminals of the CTs from 220kV, 400kV and 765kV switch yards/sub-stations to the control rooms (due to very long distances) whereas other control cabling from switch yards to the control rooms is done with 2.5 sq mm copper control cables. It is for academic interest to know that resistance per Km of copper cables, of 2.5 sq mm is 7.41 Ohms/Km and that of 4.00 sq mm is 4.61 Ohms/ Km at 200C. ( As per IS: 8130 -1984). (ii) Resistance of Lead R lead = (ρ x L)/A, here ρ (Rho) is the resistivity of copper as 1.79 x 10-8Ω meter at 200C and 2.16x10-8Ω meter at 750C. L =2 x Actual length of the control cable lead from CT in the switch yard to the Relay. (2 is taken as it is twice lead length ie to and fro length). It should be in meters. A- Area of cross section of the conductor in Square Meter. Example: Resistance of 50 meter copper control cable with cross section area of 4.0 Sq mm used for protection purposes is calculated below; R lead= (ρ x L)/A = (2.16x10-8x 2x50)/4x10-6. Here 4mm2=4x10-6 Sq Meters, L= twice the lead length=2X50 meters=100 meters. R

lead

Dependency of secondary current on Primary current: he primary current is independent of the secondary current. The secondary current is governed by the Primary current only. Vice -versa, it is not possible.

Effect of secondary open circuiting Since in a CT Primary AT is balanced with Secondary AT, in a closed secondary circuit (Secondary circuit is closed through connected burden or directly) the counter flux produced by the secondary keeps the core flux below the saturation level and as the Primary current is independent of secondary current, the secondary circuit should never be allowed to get open circuited with the primary circuit carrying the current .In such situations the total primary AT is used up in magnetizing the core leading to its saturation. This results in increased EMF with voltage shooting up to a very high value depending up on the primary current which is hazardous to insulation as well as to human life. Note: In practice, to facilitate shorting of the secondary, at the CT terminals in the C&R panels, the CT terminals are provided with shorting links and also sliding links.

Choice of secondary current The CTs are generally available in 1 Amp or 5 Amp secondary current. It is the choice of the user to choose between them, but there are certain constraints due to which the secondary current has to be fixed for a particular application. The CTs are though installed in series with the equipments (Motors/Generators/Transformers/ Capacitor banks/feeders etc) installed at some distance ,the connections from the secondary terminals of the CTs are through leads/cables to the secondary protective relays /meters etc which are installed on the control & relay panels. Where the primary current is high and the distance of the equipment is quite much(>30mtrs) as in the case of EHV Sub stations, the secondary current is selected as 1 Amp. Whereas when the distance of equipments is short (generally< 30mtrs) such as in small 33/11kV S/s, 3.3 kV, 6.6kV and 11kV indoor switchgears, 5 Amp secondary is generally selected. The VA burden of the cable (Loss in the cable) imposed on the CTs is governed by to the resistance of the lead/cable and square of the secondary current flowing through it. Say the lead (to & fro length) resistance is R ohms and the secondary current is of 1 amps. The VA burden imposed would be I2xR=1R=R VA, whereas in case of 5 Amp secondary current it would be

March 2015

TechSpace

I2xR=52xR=25R VA. ie 25 times more than with that of CT with 1 Amp secondary current. Brief comparison of the CTs having 1 Amp and 5 amp secondary windings: S. No

1 Amp Secondary

Low VA burden of Lead VA burden (I2R) leads (I2R). is 25 times more than that of 1 Amp. Secondary.

Preferred when CTs are outdoor and lead length is more (generally>30 mtrs), eg EHV Sub Stations etc.

Development of high peak voltage when secondary is left open.

5 Amp Secondary

Preferred where lead length is less (<30 mtrs, as per practice). eg CTs used in small 33/11kV Sub Stations, indoor switchgear cubicles, metering equipments for Billing and HT consumer metering or where primary rating of full load current is very high say for 500 MW, Generator with terminal voltage of 21 kV, the full load current would be 16166A, thus CTs used are 20,000/5.A Devel o pme nt of comparatively low peak voltage when secondary gets opened.

Reference Standards The CTs are manufactured in INDIA confirming to Indian Standard IS: 2705(part 1 to 4) -1992 and / or to the International Electro Technical Standards, IEC: 60044-1.

Classification of CTs The CTs are classified basically as per their use. They are of 2 types (1) Measuring Current Transformer (2) Protective Current Transformer.

Measuring Current Transformer This is also known as Metering CT ,it should confirm to IS:27O5-2 or IEC:60044-1 The cross section area

March 2015

of the cores are so designed that ,the core saturates at about 5 times the rated current (with low saturation current) .This would facilitate safety to the instruments, while heavy fault current flows in the Primary circuit. Before going into the details of characteristic / duty to be performed by the metering CTs, one should be aware of some definitions / terminology relevant to the equipment.

Instrument Security Factor (IFS/FS) The ratio of instrument limits primary current to the rated primary current. Note: In the event of system fault, the fault current flowing through the primary winding of a CT, the safety of the apparatus supplied by the CT is greatest when the value of the instrument security factor (SF) is small.

Rated Instrument Limit Primary Current (IPL) The Value of the minimum primary current at which the composite error of the measuring CT is equal to or greater than 10%,while the secondary burden is equal to the rated burden. Note: The composite error should be greater than 10%, in order to protect the apparatus supplied by the CT against the high current produced in the event of system fault.

Accuracy Classes (a)Standard Accuracy classes: 0.1,0.2,0.5 and1.0 class-The accuracy limits are defined from 5% of current onwards, however the declared accuracy limits ie 0.1,0.2,0.5 & 1.0% respectively and 5,10,30,60 minutes respectively would be at 100% to 120% of rated current at 25% to 100% of rated burden. {Ref: IS: 2705(part-2)} (b)Special Application Accuracy classes: 0.2S and 0.5S are used for special applications. The accuracy limits are defined from1% of rated current, however the declared accuracy limits ie 0.2% & 0.5%and 10&30 minutes respectively would be at 20% to 120% rated current at 25% to 100% of rated burden. Precision metering of High value HT consumers and Tariff meters etc are categorized as special application metering and need â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Sâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; class CTs. {Ref:IS:2705(part-2)}. Limits of Accuracy for Measuring CTs; The limits of accuracies as per IS: 2705(part 2) and IEC: 60044-1 are as follows;

TechSpace

Table No.1.Limits of Errors of Standard Accuracy

classes of CTs; Accuracy ± % Current(Ratio) ± Phase displacement class error at percentage of in minutes at Rated Current percentage of Rated current 5

100

120

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.75 0.35

0.2

0.5

1.5 0.75

0.5

1.0

3.0

1.0

180

1.5

Note: (i) CT rating should in variably be 120% of the Max rated current. Therefore 1.2 x 87.5=105A, Thus 100/5A CT would be suitable.

100 120

(ii) In order to rule out any confusion about connected ratio or also any mal practice by the HT costumer, most of the distribution Utilities are procuring single ratio CTs for HT Consumer metering application.

Table no. 2. Limits of Errors of Special Application Accuracy classes of CTs;

Accuracy Class

±% Current(Ratio) error at percentage of Rated Current

± Phase displacement in minutes at percentage of Rated current

20 100 120 1

100 120

0.2S

0.75 0.35 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 15

0.5S

1.5

0.75 0.5 0.5 0.5 90 45

CT ratio needed 100/5 A (Since distance is less than 30 mtrs., 5Amp is selected.)

Note: Almost all the Distribution Utilities follow the convention mentioned here under; i) 0.2 and 0.2S are used for the voltages above 33kV level. ii) 0.5 and 0.5S are used up to 33kV level. Criteria/Methodology generally followed by the Power Utilities/Distribution Utilities while selecting CTs for HT Consumer metering and Tariff metering: SN

HT consumer Metering

Tariff metering

kV level - 33kV

Maximum demand Max load -150 Current - 5 MVA, Current M VA , equivalent = 394A equivalent =87.5 A

Distance of meters Distance of CTs from CTs -15 meter from meter- 25 Mtrs (In EHV S/s yard)

kV level -220kV

Requirement of VA; (a)Loop resistance of connecting lead of 4.0 Sq mm copper Cable=2x4.61x 15/1000=0.1383 ohms.

CT ratio needed 400/1A (though distance of metering from the CTs is less than 30 mtrs, but 1 Amp is used as the secondary current for EHV CTs for all the core is 1 Amp only. Note: (i) CT should have ratio of 800-400/1A, Connected to 400/1A (metering core) along with other cores for protection purposes etc. (ii) Over load of 120% can be taken care of by this CT (CTs can carry 120% rated current continuously with defined accuracy limits). Requirement of VA; (a) Loop resistance of connecting lead of 4.0 Sq mm copper Cable = 2x4.61x25 / 1000 = 0.2305 ohms.

(Where as resistance of copper cable of 4 (b)Energy meter’s sq mm is 4.61Ohm/ internal burden=2 VA. km.)

(b)Energy meter’s VA Burden on internal burden=4 VA. the CT =1.5x {(0.2305 x 1 x VA Burden on the CT 1)+2}=3.345VA =1.5x {(0.1383x5x5) Selected VA for CT + 4} = 11.186 VA is 10 VA Selected VA for CT is 15 VA

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TechSpace

ISF<5

Class of accuracy- Class of accuracy0.2S 0.2S

Thus the CT shall have Thus the CT metering core details as follows; shall have details 100/5A,0.2S,15VA,<5 as follows; 800 - 400 /1A, 0.2S, 10VA,<5

The Metering CTs are typically designated as follows Ratio/Accuracy class/VA Burden//ISF. A typical example is as follows: 400-200/1A/0.2/10VA/5

Protection CTs; Protection CTs play very important and vital role in Power System. At the time of faults the excessive fault current is fed to the protection relays through these CTs for their operation. Type of Class: Basically there are two types of CTs/ Cores of the main CTs. (i) 5P10 and 5P20. (ii) PS or PX (IEC equivalent).

Accuracy Limit Factor (ALF) It is defined as the multiple of the rated current up to which the CT follows the accuracy limit .In other words it is the ratio of the fault current to the rated current up to which the CT shall follow the accuracy limit. 5P10 & 5P20 Class CTs: They are generally used for Over current (Instantaneous and IDMT relays) and E/F protection of Feeders, Transformers etc. }} 5 signifies the % composite error. }} P signifies as Protection core. }} 10, 20 signify the quantum of fault current in terms

of multiples of the rated current or ALF(Accuracy Limit Factor) up to which the CT shall have the defined percentage of composite error i.e. ± 5%. The CTs of 10P10 or 10P20 are also available which are used in O/C protection of the feeders and Transformers etc wherein CT composite error to the range of ± 10% is tolerable at 10, 20 times of rated current. The Standard Accuracy Limit factors as per IS: 2705 -part 3 & IEC60044-1 are 5, 10, 15, 20 & 30.

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Table 3: Limits of Errors (As per IS: 2705 (Part 3) & IEC: 60044-1; Accuracy class

Current Error at Rated Primary Current

Phase Composite Displacement Error at at Rated Rated Primary Accuracy Current Limit Primary Current

Percent

Minutes

Percent

±1

±60

10P

±3

15P

±5

Accuracy limit factor is inversely proportional to the actual burden if lower than the rated burden If the burden is lower than the rated burden, the accuracy limit factor shall elevate beyond the rated Accuracy Limit Factor. The formula for actual ALF; ALFACT=ALFRTDx Example:- Calculate actual Accuracy limit factor if secondary burden is reduced to 1/3rd, the CT details are 200/5 A, 5P10,15VA and Rct = 0.15Ω? ALFRated=10x It is clear from the above example that the ALF increases if the connected actual burden is lower than the rated one. The CT in this condition shall maintain accuracy up to fault current of 21.42 times of rated current as against 10 times the rated current and shall not saturate till then.

Knee Point Voltage It is a magnetizing characteristic of a CT Keeping the Primary Terminals open and connecting AC supply(in volts) to the secondary terminals, the voltage is gradually increased observing the magnetizing current Im (in mili amps) taken by the core. (Pl ref Fig: 4 excitation curve) Initially, as the voltage is raised, it cause the magnetizing current to increases to a certain limit beyond which when the Voltage is increased to10% it causes the magnetizing current to increase to 50%.This voltage is defined as Knee point voltage and written as Vk. Beyond this voltage the Curve flattens. (Ref. Curve Fig: 4).Knee point Voltage signifies the saturation voltage level of the CT of protection core.

TechSpace

Vk ≥ 24 x In (Rct+2Rl), In =Relay rated Current. (c) Type KBCH 120,130 and 140. Vk ≥ 24 x In (Rct+2Rl), In =Relay rated Current. (ii) ABB Make; (a)Type RADSB; Vk ≥ 30x In. (Rct+2.Rl+Rt+Zr), In =Secondary Current corresponding to rated Primary Current. Rct = resistance of CT secondary winding.

PS Core

Rl = resistance of single lead from CT to relay.

{ref. IS: 2705 (Part 4)} [Known as Px core as per IEC: 60044-1]: Though abbreviation PS is not elaborated anywhere, however it is assumed to be “Special Protection Class” CT core. This core is used particularly where current balance is required to be maintained. The turn ratio error is limited to ± 0.25%, which helps in maintaining current balance in Differential protections & restricted E/F protection, which is the prime requirement between associated CTs, particularly during through fault conditions. The 5P/10P class CTs cannot match the characteristic as that of PS class. The core of this class is such that very high current is needed for saturation of the core.

Rt = resistance of interposing CT.

The CT of PS class is specified in terms of;

(a)MICOM P633, (Digital relay):

Zr = reflected burden of Relay. (iii) EASUN REYROLLE Make; (a)DUOBIAS-M (Numeric) Vk≥ 4xIf (Rct+2Rl), where If=3ph fault current limited by transformer impedance or high-set setting whichever is greater, Rct= CT secy winding resistance, 2 Rl=twice the lead resistance from CT to relay. (iv) AREVA Make:

Rated Knee point voltage Vk .

Vsat ≥ (Rop+Ri).k.I’1,max.

Maximum exciting (Im) at knee- point voltage or at the specified fraction thereof.

Where;

Secondary winding resistance (Rct) of the CT at 750C.

Requirement of Vk (Knee point voltages) of some of the known Differential relays

Vsat =Saturation Voltage, Rop=Actual connected operating burden, Ri =Internal burden, I’1.max = Non-off set max primary Current converted to secondary side, k=Over dimensioning factor or Transient factor,

(i) ALSTOM Make;

= 1+ωT, wherein ω =System Angular frequency and T=Primary system time constant ie L/R of the system.

(a) Type DTH31/32(Static);

CT Saturation:

Vk ≥ 40xI (Rct+2Rl), where Rct = internal resistance of CT., Rl = Lead resistance of cable from CT to Control panel(single length.) (b) Type MBCH 12/13;

The CTs are liable to saturate if the Primary current at the time of fault exceeds beyond its ALT limit. Such saturation may occur if the CTs have very low ratio and the fault current exceeds beyond 20 times of the rated current, in such cases the protective relays (O/C) become inoperative. Please refer to the following figure 5 depicting

March 2015

TechSpace

wave shape of the secondary current at the time of saturation.

Fig. 5 : Steady -state saturation with AC current

To avoid saturation the CT should develop voltage such that Vk â&#x2030;Ľ If. (Rb+ RCT+RL), If= secondary fault current for fault at zone-1reach. (Amps), Rb=Relay burden in ohms. RCT=Resistance of CT winding in ohms. RL=Resistance of lead (2xsingle lead length) (ohms).

Transient saturation In the transmission lines, since they predominantly contain inductance, whenever fault occurs, the fault current contains component of DC current also. In practical applications, the DC transient current is in exponential form and does not sustain but decays in the time equivalent to the time constant L / R {Ref.fig: 7(a) below} , L is the inductance in Henry and R is the resistance of the transmission line in ohms up to the location of occurrence of the fault. However in practice full line length is considered for calculation purposes. Due to the DC transient component of the fault current, the total flux in the CT core is distorted and affects the secondary current {Ref fig: 7(b) below} and the curve of CT current at secondary will be as shown in Fig: 6. As soon as the DC Transient vanishes, the steady state condition of the CT gets restored.

Fig 7(a) Primary short Circuit current with DC component. Fig. 7 (b) Effect of DC component on CT Flux

As has been mentioned that the DC transient persists for a period of about the Time constant TN of the Transmission line {ref Fig: 6(a)}, care should be taken while procuring/selecting CT for faithful operation of the Distance relay. The Vk should be should be as follows. This formula for Vk shall take care for the transient DC decay time of all kV class of Transmission lines. The CT should develop voltage such that Vk â&#x2030;Ľ If. (1+X/R). ( Rb+ RCT+RL), Where, X =System Reactance (ohms), R= System Resistance (ohms). If= secondary fault current for fault at zone-1reach. (Amps), Rb=Relay burden in ohms. RCT=Resistance of CT winding in ohms. RL=resistance of lead (2xsingle length)(ohms). The term (1+X/R) is an additional term as compared to requirement of development of voltage to avoid saturation in case of AC saturation (ref equation in para.17).

Ratio Selection

Fig.6 Transient saturation with offset current

March 2015

Required CT Ratios are selected from reconnection of Primary Terminals in majority of the cases, However in some cases the ratios selection is provided at secondary terminals. Further, in some cases the ratios are selected reconnecting primary terminals as well as from secondary terminals (as the case may be).

TechSpace

i) Selection through Primary terminal reconnection: If there are 2 ratios say 400- 200A/1-1 A. ii) The reconnection at primary terminals is such that for lower ratio the winding shall be in series and for higher ratio, the reconnection is such that the primary current shall get a parallel path. iii)Following sketches depict the ratio selection of ratios at primary terminals as well as through secondary terminals;

Types of CTs There are two types of EHV class CTs,(i) Dead Tank Type and (ii) Live Tank type .They have been designated as per their design of placement of CT windings. The construc tional details have not been covered this article. However, sketches/figures of Live Tank Type and Dead Tank Type CTs have been shown in fig.9(a) and fig.9(b) below for academic interest only.

iv) For higher ratio reconnect the primary terminals to P1-C1 and C2-P2 and for lower ratio C1-C2{ref fig8(a)} v) Each core is identified with the prefix numerical number. eg core1:1S1-1S2, core 2: 2S1-2S2, core3 : 3S1- 3S2, core 4 : 4S1-4S2 & core 5 : 5S1-5S2 etc. vi) Where selection of ratios are in secondary only the lower ratio shall be 1S1-1S2, 2S1-2S2 etc and the higher ratio shall be 1S1-1S3, 2S1-2S3 etc. {Ref Fig:8(b)} Vii) Fig.8(c) depicts the ratio selection through both Primary and Secondary terminals.

Dead Tank Type CT Fig.9(a)

Live Tank Type CT Fig.9(b)

Conclusion The above narration is particularly of EHV class CTs. Practically all the salient practical and important features have been covered in this article which may prove to be a guide for budding Protection and Metering Engineers. REFERENCES: (1)

IEC: 60044-1, and IS: 2705 (Part 1 to part 4),

(2)

Write up of ABB on Calculation of Accuracy Limit Factor.

(3)

Brochures /Instruction manuals of and Differential relays mentioned in the paper.

(4)

Write up on basics of Current and Voltage Transformers by Siemens AG 2007.

Author

Er.K.K.Murty

Fig. : 8

Retd.Chief Engineer(Testing & Commun), M.P.Power Transmission Co.Ltd, Jabalpur.

March 2015

TechSpace

It has become a practice to compact stranded conductors passing though die or shaping rollers. This is to reduce the diameter as well as smoothen the outer surface of conductor in one go. In case of Medium Voltage and High Voltage Cable smooth outer surface facilitate in reducing electrical stress on the surface of conductor. Compacting though make the outer surface somewhat smooth but due to pressure and drawing force the edges of wires as flattened becomes rough and uneven. These edges develop stress at the corner of the wire and at times can become a vulnerable point. To obviate such a potential high stress point, segmental smooth wires are drawn and stranded over the inner round contour thereby eliminating the danger of any undue high stress point.

is first propounded and a design procedure based on this is then set out. The following Symbols are used throughout theoretical design calculations: R = Inner radius of segmental layer. Z = Outer radius of segmental layer. t = Thickness of segmental layer α = Lay angle of segmental layer α1 = Lay angle of inner surface of segment α2 = Lay angle of outer surface of segment l1 = Lay ratio of inner surface of segmental layer l2 = Lay ratio of outer surface of Segmental layer P1 = Inner radius of segment

This method avoids sharp edges on the outer wires and possible damage which may be caused to inner layers by the compacting pressure, while also ensuring that the flexibility of normally stranded conductor is retained.

P2 = Outer radius of segment

This practice was introduced long before in UK and Europe for EHV Cables and also for overhead conductors.

C2 = outer chord of segment

Design consideration

θ1 = Half the angle subtended by C1 at P1

Calculation of Segmental wire shapes:

θ2 = Half the angle subtended by C2 at P2

The segmental wire shapes required to form a smooth conductor exterior can be calculated mathematically. In the following solution employed by the theory that

L1 = Lay length of line at right angle to the segmental

G1 = Clearance of inner surface of segment G2 = Clearance of outer surface of segment C1 = Inner chord of segment r = Radius of segment corners A = sum of segment areas

L = Lay length L2 = Lay length of segmental wire

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TechSpace

Fig - 1 Segmental Wire stranded around cylindrical core of a conductor

Fig - 2 Inner Arc of one segment

Theory

C2 = 2(R+t)Sinθ2

Consider a layer of ‘ N’ segments stranded round a core of Radius ‘R’. Let the radial thickness of the layer be ‘ t ‘ and the lay angle ‘α’. Figure-1 depicts one of the stranded segmental wire.

iii) Relationship of segmental layer radii and total segmental area: Consider a cross section through the stranded cable as shown in Fig-3

Now consider a section through the figure at X-X’ and the axis of the segment at right angle. This section is shown in fig-1

iv) Area of the annulus is = (Z2 – R2).

If ‘A’ is the total of the individual wire areas, then sine the wire have a lay length α the total sectional area of the wires when cut perpendicular to the conductor axis = A Sec α

The remaining area of annulus consists of the gap due to the clearance and the space left by the rounded corners of the segments. The space left by these rounded corners is almost the same as the area left by a circle of radius ‘r’ drawn inside a square of side 2r. This is (4 – π) r2 = 0.858 r2 . The area left by the radiuses corners of ‘N’ wires, cut an angle of α1 is:

i.e. = N Wire hat would be covered by a longitudinal straight line of the length i.e.) Generalising from Fig- 1 α (lay angle

)

Or And Therefore, the number of wires cross by the line = N (1+ tan2α)

0.858 N r² sec α

Assuming no clearance between the wires, the length of the inner arc of the segmental wire is:

The clearance between segments has a constant angle. Therefore, the fraction of the annular area taken by clearance is:

Length of the helix= Rad. Figure – 2 shows the inner curve of the segment of known radius and arc length. From which:

Therefore, The inner chord of the segment C1 is given by: C1=Rsec2 α1 sinθ1 Similarly for the outer chord:

March 2015

Fig - 3 Cross Section of Segmental Layer

Note: Although ‘α’ is used here in place of the strictly accurate ‘’, this does not introduce any significant error. We can therefore write:

TechSpace

9) C2 = 2P2sinθ1- G2 10) t = Z – R All the segmental dimensions are now known. The dimensions of the designed segments are shown in the fig-4 v) Area of Segment:

Corners of the segment shown in Fig- 4 have a radius of ‘r’. A formula for the area can be derived as follows:

Area of trapezium QPYX = AB x =

vi) Area between chord:

QP and arc QS2P = area of sector OQS2P – area OQP= ; area lost due to radiused corner S = 0.858 r2. Therefore Segment area is:

d) Check the dimensional area using the formula: Area = {t+p1 (1–cosθ1) - P2(1-cosθ2)} +P22(sinθ2-cosθ2) -P 2 1 (θ 1 0.858r2

―

Fig - 4 Shape of Drawn Segment

sinθ 1 )-

e) If designing for a given area first determine Z from the formula:

Then to proceed as detailed in (c) above. vii) Lay Ratio : In cable design , lay ratio is defined as the lay length of a layer of wires divided by the mean diameter of the layer. It is therefore:

tanα =

vii) Design Procedure: a) Select Values for the constants: R, N, t ( and hence α),G1 and r b) Select a value for A or Z according to whether the design aim is given overall diameter or a given total area.

Example Showing actual calculation of profiled wire made to manufacture 400 mm² Conductor. Here a 300 mm² compacted conductor is selected as inner core. On this conductor 100 mm² area is to be built up with profiled sections: Conductor Calculation With profiled Wires Diameter of Inner conductor is taken to be 300 mm² compacted

20.5

Final conductor t be made 400 mm²

Area to be added

mm²

100

Number of profiled wires selected to be

Notations

Lay length of the profiled wire

354.24

Lay length

c) If designing for a given overall diameter work through the following formulae. 1) 2)

(hence α1)

(hence α2)

(To give constant angular clearance)

rad

Inner Radius of segmental wire

10.25

rad

Outer Radius of segmental wires

11.89

8) C1=2P1sinθ1 - G1

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TechSpace

Thickness of segmental wires

Lay angle of segmental layers

11°10’

0.196

11°10’

Lay angle of iner surface of segment

α1

9°34’

0.168

Lay angle of the outer surface of segment

α2

12°45’

Lay ratio of inner surface of segmental Layer

Lay ratiof outer surface of segmental layer

Total area of all segments (to be 100 mm² as required); actual

mm²

98.97

9°34’

Outer Diameter of the conductor with segmented wires

23.78

0.227

12°45’

Outer diameter of conductor stranded compacted 90%

23.79

Calculated

18.66

13.87

Inner Radius of segment

10.54

Outer Radius of segment

12.50

Clearance of inner surface of segment

0.05

Clerance of outer surface of segment

0.058

4.16

Inner chord of segment

2.30

99.81

Outer chord of segmnet

2.77

Radius of the segment corner

0.3

Sum of total segment area

100

Half the angle subtended by C1 at P1

θ1

0.13

7°10’

Half the angle subtended by C2 at P2

θ2

0.12

6°56’

Lay length

354.24

Lay length of the line at right angle to the Segmental wire

382.58

Lay length of segmental wire

329.81

Number of segments

mm²

4.12

Area of segment

1.64

March 2015

Manufacturing of conductor with Profiled Wire Profiled Wire Drawing As shown above once the design parameter of profiled wire is established, wire can be drawn in a normal 13 Die Wire Rod breakdown Drawing. Die should be made of Tungsten Carbide material. The Die is to be profiled in a spark erosion Machine and should be flawless. In the above case, the profiled wire can be drawn from 9.5 mm Wire Rod. Shaping is to be done during last four stages. Take up shall be done with proper guide system to keep the profiled wire always on the same plane. The wires can be accepted on 630 mm Bobbin DIN Standard.

Stranding The profiled wires are placed on the front Cage of the stranding Machine. Lay gear is adjusted as per calculation. The wires are to be guided through a front guiding plate and then to be led through a cone type front guide system as is done in the case of a Flat strip Armour wires. The front of the cage is to be modified accordingly. Care to be taken that that the profile wires do not turn obliquely. The profile wire guiding system thus must be modified accordingly. Profiled wire will set plainly in place while passing through the Die fixed on Die holder box. Never use a split Die. A bell mouth Die is suitable for this purpose.

Conclusion Figure-5 shows a typically stranded smooth body conductor as manufactured with profiled wires. }} To manufacture such profiled wires and stranding

do not require any special Machinery or equipment. Conventional RBD and stranding Machine with slight modification can yield the best result. }} Due to smooth surface Electrical stress developed

is contained to the minimum values.

TechSpace

}} Diameter can be reduced by applying two

successive layers of stranded Flat strip wires. }} In India such conductors for MV, HV and EHV

Cables can be adopted to improve processing parameters and quality standard rationalising raw material consumption. Fig - 5 Specially constructed high strength smooth body.

}} During Extrusion of Semiconducting layer

thickness can be maintained at a lower level and consumption of the material will be less as there will be no interstice filling required. }} So also thickness and roundness and ovality can

be contained to a well within specified value. }} Overhead ACSR, AAC and AAAC can also be

manufactured in the same manner. In such cases vibration due to high wind is kept within limited values.

References: 1) Electric Cables Hand Book: McAllister, BICC. 2) BICC UK, Overhead Conductor construction and Design: Technical issue. Author S. K. Ganguli Former: Technical and production Manager of Universal Cables, Satna Vivek Kohli President (Strategic New Business and Projects): Hindusthan Urban Infrastructure Ltd.

March 2015

IEEMAActivities

4th Executive Council Meeting held on 21st January 2015 at Mumbai The 4th meeting of the Executive Council was held on 21st January 2015 at Mumbai. During a briefing to members regarding ‘Make in India’ workshop organized by the Govt. of India, Department of Heavy Industry, the President informed that the following four point agenda submitted by IEEMA were received and admitted.

IEEMA Activities

1. Tenders against domestically funded projects to be limited to national competitive specifications for bidding. 2. Mandatory vendor development program by Utilities 3. Mandatory testing of all Imported Electrical Equipment in Indian labs (non -tested at origin) 4. Standardize equipment across all Utilities Proposal of Revival of Winding Wire division was discussed and members welcomed the proposal and decided to revive the division. Mr. Shreegopal Kabra will be leading this division and ensuring that the division works and fulfills the guidelines approved for the division. Members deliberated on the topic of Non-acceptance of test reports other than CPRI by KPTCL and suggested to make a suitable representation to KPTCL and arrange a meeting of ERDA with top officials of KPTCL. Members discussed and deliberated on the issue of reverse auction being followed up by Powergrid and some private utilities. A sub-committee was set up to prepare a case.

Interface With Government And Agencies On 27th January 2015, Mr. J Pande, Senior Director, Mr. Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, IEEMA and other senior officials from member companies

attended a meeting Chaired by Mr. Rajesh Kumar Singh, Joint Secretary, Department of Heavy Industry, Government of India, on CRGO Steel. The joint Secretary conducted the meeting to understand the difficulties faced by Transformer Manufacturing industry while importing CRGO Steel. On 3rd February 2015, Mr. Jayant Chopra, Executive Officer, IEEMA, attended a Preparatory Meeting of Indo-German Energy Forum. The meeting was chaired by Mr. Satish Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Power, Government of India. The Forum aims at promoting co-operation between India and Germany in energy security, energy conservation and collaborative research & Development. On 13th February 2015, Mr. Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director and Mr. Jayant Chopra, Executive Officer, IEEMA, attended the Meeting of Indo-German Energy Forum. Mr. Pradeep Kumar Sinha, Secretary, Ministry of Power, Co-Chaired the Forum from the Indian Government side. Meetings of the five subgroups on Efficiency enhancement in fossil fuel based power plants; Renewable energies; Demand-Side energy efficiency and Green energy corridors were held. On 16th February 2015, Mr. Sanjeev Sardana, Member Executive Council; Mr. Sunil Misra, Director General; Mr. Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, and Mr. Jayant Chopra, Executive Officer, IEEMA attended a meeting Chaired by Dr. Rajan S Katoch, Secretary, Department of Heavy Industry, Government of India, on Hannover Messe 2015 Exhibition. India is a partner country in the Hannover Messe Exhibition and participation of organisations under DHI pavilion was discussed in the meeting. On 18th February 2015, Mr. Sudeep Sarkar, Deputy Director, IEEMA attended a meeting Chaired by Mr. Vishwajit Sahay, Joint Secretary, Department of Heavy Industry, Government of India, on formation of a joint task force for Capital Goods Sector.

NERPC-OCC Officials meet On 23rd January 2015, IEEMA resident representative Mr. Nilankha Chaliha got the opportunity to be a part of a NERPC-OCC meeting held in Guwahati, Assam. He gave a presentation and speech about IEEMA and it’s new initiatives. There he also interacted with the H’onble Director of NERPC Mr. Lyngkhoi and other officials from NERPC.

IEEMA VISION

‘Electricity for All and Global Excellence Leading to Human Enrichment’

March 2015

IEEMAActivities

We are aware new initiative of IEEMA in the form of Utility Outreach Program, when Mr. Lyngkhoi was approached for that, he willingly agreed to be a part of it. On the occasion of inaugural function of their new building NERPC, all the power ministers and utility heads of all north eastern states are invited for the occasion. The scheduled date for which is 20th March 2015. IEEMA will hold it’s Utility Outreach Program on the same date in Shillong where the inaugural ceremony will take place.

IEEMA Representations }} Representation submitted to Department of

Commerce, Government of India, on 10th February 2015, regarding Non-Tariff Measures (SPS and TBT) being faced by our exporters to be raised in the forthcoming WTO SPS/TBT Committee Meetings.

}} Representation submitted to Department of

Commerce, Government of India, on 4th February 2015, regarding India-Canada CEPA.

}} Representation submitted to Department of

Commerce, Government of India, on 12th January 2015, regarding Cumulative Value Addition and

Product Specific Rules in Regional Comprehensive Economic Policy (RCEP).

}} Representation submitted to Department of

Industrial Policy and Promotion, Government of India, on 6th January 2015, regarding import appraisal of engineering goods.

}} Representation submitted to Department of Heavy

Industry, GOI on 31st December 2014, regarding import appraisal with a view to reduce imports dependence.

Training prog on “Goods & Services Tax” A training programme on Goods & Services Tax was held at IEEMA Kolkata Office, on 19th February 2015. CS(DR.) Santanu Mitra conducted the session with lecture and interactive Q&A sessions. This program highlighted key points like: salient features of GST, impact of GST and producing states, expected rate of GST, tax structure after implementation of GST, major challenges with regard to implementation of GST, implication of GST on imports & exports. The program was highly appreciated by the participants.

MODERN ELECTRONIC 5A, Tarpan Ghat Road, Kolkata 700053 P h N o . { 0 3 3 } 2 4 0 3 0 6 5 4 , Te l e F a x : { 0 3 3 } 2 4 0 3 2 5 9 5 Mobile NO. +91 9874463687, 9874938972 Email: modern_elec2@yahoo.co.in info@modernelectronic.co.in

Website w w w. m o d e r n e l e c t r o n i c . c o . i n

O u t d o o r C . T u p t o 1 3 2 K V , P. T & M e t e r i n g U n i t u p t o 3 3 K V March 2015

PowerStatistics

Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Energy (Million Metric Tons) Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Energy (Million Metric Tons) North America

2000

2006

2012

6821.1

6940.6

6276.5

Central & South America

992.0

1149.0

1399.5

Europe Eurasia

4459.5 2253.0

4694.9 2501.4

4262.5 2657.0

Middle East

1094.8

1502.5

2039.8

887.1

1056.9

1205.7

7533.7

10772.5

14882.2

24041.0

28617.8

32723.2

Africa Asia & Oceania World 16000.0

2000

14000.0

2006

2012

12000.0

10000.0 8000.0

6000.0 4000.0

2000.0 0.0

North America

Central & South America

Europe

Eurasia

Middle East

Africa

Asia & Oceania

Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Energy (Million Metric Tons) 2000

2006

2000

2006

2012

North America

0.52435

0.46199

0.41836

Central & South America Europe

0.58476 0.32789

0.55356 0.30357

0.52759 0.27229

Eurasia

2.94505

2.17744

1.92046

Middle East

1.18437

1.22648

1.3051

Africa

1.13556

0.99256

0.90665

Asia & Oceania

0.83206

0.92152

0.99177

World

0.60372

0.60011

0.61209

3.5 2000

2006

2012

3 2.5 2 1.5 1

0.5 0 North America

Central & South America

Europe

Eurasia

Middle East

Africa

March 2015

Asia & Oceania

2012

PowerStatistics

Power Supply Position (Demand & Availability) in Nov â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;14

March 2015

IEEMADatabase

Rs/MT

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.12.14

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

`/MT

30291

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

31048

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

54500

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV

`/MT

b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

as on 01.12.14

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

330

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

125500

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

126500

`/KLitre

65959

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS) 183482

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS

220523

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month September 2014

234.56

IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

321.54

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

167600

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

220.51

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

151700

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

240.89

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

432645

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

446385

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

169217

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

174800

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

Wholesale price index number for ‘Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month September 2014 Wholesale price index number for’ Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month September 2014

157.00

210.80

All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) September 2014

222800

253.00

# Estimated, NA: Not available 500000

Copper Wire Bars

480000

RS./MT

460000 440000 420000

400000 380000 `11-14

`12-14

`10-14

`09-14

`08-14

`07-14

`05-14

`06-14

`04-14

`03-14

`02-14

`01-14

`12-13

`10-13

`11-13

`09-13

`08-13

`07-13

`06-13

`04-13

`05-13

`03-13

`02-13

`01-13

January 2013 - December 2014

The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. duty wherever manufactures are eligible to obtain MODVAT benefit. These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMA’s Price Variation Clauses for various products. Basic Price Variation Clauses, explanation of nomenclature can be obtained from IEEMA office. Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

March 2015

IEEMADatabase

150

Transmission Line Towers 130

000' MT

110

30 4

8 10 12 2

Name of Product

8 10 12 2

April 2010 - November 2014

Accounting Unit

8 10 12 2

8 10

Production For the Month â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;From Dec 13 to Highest Annual November-14 to November 14

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

712

9308

11217

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

214

2967

4647

DC Motors

000' KW

338

618

000' KVA

846

10634

10426

Contactors

000' Nos.

702

8361

8505

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

146

1763

1909

Nos.

45036

580976

947878

000' Poles

10454

111850

116151

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

166263

1747960

1815007

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

5686

70481

72155

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

860

20505

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1254

13755

16875

35940

413072

434967

000' KVAR

4217

51085

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

3758

41757

43346

Power Transformers

000' KVA

8700

145078

178782

Current Transformers

000' Nos.

643

660

Voltage Transformers

Nos.

9534

98683

114488

000' Nos.

2225

19142

22645

000' MT

1202

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers* * Weighted Production

March 2015

Events

RE-Invest 2015, New Delhi

energy in India and what needs to be done for its accelerated deployment to address energy security concerns. Shri Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of State (IC) for Coal, Power and New & Renewable Energy, lauded NITI Aayog for the report and said that it has instilled a lot of hope for following more ambitious targets. “We need to create an enabling environment with respect to clearance, land acquisition and other regulatory support.”

Hon’ble PM Mr Narendra Modi at the inaugural function of RE-INVEST Also seen in pic. is (L-R) Mr Ajit Seth-Cabinet Secretary, Mr Piyush Goyal Minister for Power and Ms Nirmala Seetharaman - Minister for Commerce & Industry.

The Minister suggested that the land owners, who provide their land for setting up renewable energy projects, could be given a stake in the projects as an incentive. He urged NITI Aayog to help in creating some innovative model for the RE sector. He addressed the panelists while sitting in the audience. .

ndia’s first global renewable energy meet and expo has created lot of enthusiasm and optimism among participants who are buoyed by the government’s commitment to set up 170 gigawatt of clean power, a sector so far considered niche and neglected. Over 200 investors, 350 exhibitors and 1,000 delegates participated in the February 15-17 event, RE-Invest 2015. India has set a target of achieving 100 GW of solar capacity and 60 GW of wind capacity by 2022, with significant small-hydro and biogas additions.

“It is certainly an achievable target,” said Jim Hughes, chief executive of US-based First Solar. “It will require a lot of capital. It will require a great deal of co-operation between the states in India and the Federal government in India. It will require a lot of decision-making in follow through the ideas that are a part of the programme ... but certainly, there is no reason to believe that it couldn’t happen as long as all of those elements follow through.” Yes Bank has, meanwhile, made a commitment to raise Rs 500 crore through green bonds to fund 5,000 MW of clean energy projects. The bonds will have a tenure of ten years. Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu emphasised more active participation from states in harnessing renewable energy. Adding that states should make specific laws and policies to become self-sufficient in energy, Prabhu said those with more clean energy generation should be incentivised. The “Report India’s Renewable Electricity Roadmap 2030—Toward Accelerated Renewable Electricity Deployment” was released at the Renewable Energy Global Investors Meet & Expo (RE-INVEST 2015). The report was brought out by NITI Aayog with support of CII, Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation and RAP (Regulatory Assistance Project), a global non-profit group, talks about the current scenario of renewable

Workshop on “Make in India”

he National Academy of Customs, Excise & Narcotics (NACEN), organized one day workshop on “Make in India –Issues related to Customs, Central Excise and Service tax. The workshop was inaugurated by Member of Parliament, Dr. Kirit Somaiya. Dr G. Sreekumar Menon, Director General, NACEN. Issues like in Indirect Taxes which contribute towards the improving the manufacturing climate in the country was discussed. The members deliberated on the broader issues of policy change requirements including deferral of the duty payment by shifting the taxable event in Customs from the point of import to the point of manufacture / consumption for manufacturers and similarly on the central excise. Suggestions were made to defer the payment of duty to the point of sale to facilitate integration of India into the global value chain. Manufacturers and traders suggested that India should be made import friendly in respect of the temporary imports, make notifications simple and concise by merging the and consolidating of multiple notifications. They agreed that GST is a path breaking reform which would take ‘Make in India’ initiative further ahead. Emphasis was made on rectification of the Inverted duty structure in many industries like Metal, Pharma etc to encourage manufacturing in India. Suggestions were also made for various changes in the Export Promotion framework like merger of schemes in the Foreign Trade Policy, changes in Notifications, introduction of All Industry Rates of drawback in export of services, mechanisms to refund accumulated Cenvat credit due to inverted duty structures etc.

March 2015

Seminars&Fairs

Profile of exhibit based on Electrical Engineering, Lighting, Electronics, Telecommunications, measuring equipment and instruments, regulation, process management, heating, ventilation and air conditioning devices and equipment and much more. Contact details: Mr. Dragan Zecevic Phone : 381-11-2655555/2655377/2655202/2655132

India Smart Grid Week (ISGW) 2015

AeroCon South 2015 AeroCon South 2015 can be reckoned as the chief and very comprehensive exhibit focused completely to the aerospace and defense industries. AeroCon South 2015 to be held on 18-19 Nov 2015, Orange County Convention Center, Orlando, United States Accelerate your industry knowledge and connections through face-to-face interactions with leading experts and harvest ideas and inspiration stemming from the latest technologies and marketplace insights spanning materials, robotics, automation, testing, electronics, software, and more. Visitors like aviation industry, business representatives, dealers, experts, researchers, government officials, senior level professionals. Contact details: Mr. Kelly Ryan Phone : 1-310-4454200/9969495/9969468/4458561

Sajam Tehnike 2015 Sajam Tehnike 2015 is an International Fair of Technique and Technical Achievements is the most important economic and technological event in Serbia and Southeast Europe, which has great influence on the future development of the industry in the country and the region. The show will be held for a period of five days from May 11 to 15 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The synergistic effect of FAIR technique makes the opportunity to meet exhibitors and visitors, as well as mutual contacts exhibitors from various industries and many countries.

ISGF is organizing India Smart Grid Week (ISGW 2015) from 02 – 06 March, 2015 at Bangalore. This event is planned as a Conference cum Exhibition that will bring together India’s leading Electricity Utilities, Policy Makers, Regulators, Investors and world’s top-notch Smart Grid and Smart City Experts and Researchers to discuss trends, share best practices and showcase next generation technologies and products. On the other hand, although we operate the fourth largest power system in the world, one-third of our population have no access to electricity and our per capita consumption of electricity is one-fourth of the world average. The Government of India is taking various initiatives for providing 24X7 electricity to all.

6th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress and Expo-2015 World Renewable Energy Technology Congress, The India’s premier renewable energy annual event, WRETC-2015 where you will share ideas with global renewable energy industry leaders, experts, financers, network and do business with leading companies. It’s a great opportunity to expand your business and keep up-to-date with developments in renewable energy technologies. The 6th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress and Expo-2015 during August 21-23, 2015 being held at Delhi, India. The event is the most important renewable energy industry conference that will have 105 high profiled global speakers and industry leaders in Plenary sessions, interactive Keynote sessions, CEO’s Forum, thought-provoking panel discussions and poster sessions. Contact details: Dr Anil Garg +91 9971500028, 9999071071, 9910135500 dranilgarg2011@gmail.com

March 2015

ProductShowcase

said Mark Rakoski, executive director at Mitsubishi Electric Automotive America’s Northville, Michigan office. “The GX is a dependable, high-output alternator that meets the electrical and reliability needs of both current and future vehicles.” Mitsubishi Electric’s GX series uses a robust cooling structure coupled with upgrades to proven technologies from prior alternator generations. These advancements result in significant increases to both overall output (amps) and efficiency ratings. The GX series is available in a wide range of output options. The 250A (amp) version weighs just 6.6kg and has one of the highest output/weight ratios in the automotive industry. Contact details: The Millerschin Group, Dick Pacini 248-276-1970, Cell: 248-770-6446 dpacini@millerschingroup.com

Preventa XPS MCM

SecoBloc* OEM Modules Designed specifically for use manufacturers building IEEE SecoBloc OEM Modules offer flexibility than is provided by sections.

by OEM Switchgear metal clad designs, greater configuration traditional full height

Manufactured in accordance with the highest quality standards, this advanced design demonstrates GE’s engineering strength in core technologies such as circuit breaker, mechanism modularity design, vacuum arc control and insulation technology. GE’s rich market experience and innovative engineering combine to build a highly reliable and compact system.

GX Alternator Mitsubishi Electric Automotive America, Inc. (Mitsubishi Electric) has introduced its GX alternator, which is featured on popular North American vehicles being launched for the 2015 model year. The alternator is designed to allow automakers to meet the trend toward ever-increasing electrification requirements. “The GX is a dependable, high-output alternator that meets the electrical and reliability needs of both current and future vehicles.”“We’re very proud to introduce the GX series on these key 2015 launches,”

Modular safety controller Preventa XPS MCM is designed to provide a solution for safety applications requiring conformity to Performance Level PL e/Category 4 EN ISO 138491 and SIL3 EN/ IEC 61508. The modular and configurable safety controller is able to monitor multiple safety functions on and around a machine protecting operators from accessing dangerous moving parts of the machine. The controller consists of 8 digital inputs, 2 digital outputs and is expandable up to 128 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs (relay or solid state). Up to 8 axis for measurement of maximum speed, the speed range, zero speed and direction by proximity sensors or encoders can be managed. The controller can be expanded directly on its’ backplane bus and as well via the safe expansion bus of up to 6 islands and 50 meters between islands. The modular and configurable safety controller is able to monitor multiple safety functions on and around a machine protecting operators from accessing dangerous moving parts of the machine. The controller consists of 8 digital inputs, 2 digital outputs and is expandable up to 128 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs.

March 2015

CPRINews

Training in progress

CPRI Tests Steel Tubular Pole for South Korea

testing and Condition assessment of equipment of

Mechanical Engineering Division of CPRI, Bangalore is engaged in the study of Mechanical Engineering problems in the Electric Power transmission system so as to achieve economy, reliability and also offer solutions for the recurrent problems experienced by the electrical Utilities. Design and Consultancy Services for evolving optimized tower designs are also undertaken. The Division has comprehensive test facilities for testing of Transmission Towers upto 800kV, line components and accessories.

India Ltd., Rishikesh during 15.12.2014 to 19.12.2014 at

Recently, the Division has 154 kV D/C Tubular Steel successfully tested 154 pole under Mechanical kV Double Circuit Tubular strength test Steel Pole for a Korean manufacturer for their end Customer M/s.Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), South Korea. The test was conducted by simulating all the specific loading conditions as per IEC standard. The weight of Pole was about 22 MT and height of 35m with base diameter 3.0 m. The photographs are placed below:

On-Site Customised Training Programme on “Diagnostic testing and condition assessment of equipment of Hydro Power Station” Central Power Research Institute (CPRI) organised a Customised On-site Training programme on “Diagnostic

Hydro Power Station” for the O&M Engineers of THDC KHEP, Koteshwar, Uttarakhand. The programme covered training on Philosophy of Diagnostic testing, Tan delta testing of Power Transformers, Partial discharge testing, ELCID testing of Hydro Generators, Non-destructive testing of Hydro Mechanical equipment, Transformer oil testing and related case studies. About 40 Nos. of Engineers participated in the training programme. Apart from class room lectures, CPRI Officers organised demonstration of the actual testing on Hydro Generators, Generator Transformers, Current transformers (CTs.), Capacitive Voltage Transformers (CVTs) installed in the Power Station. The Participants envinced great interest in understanding the concept of diagnostic testing and the hands-on-training on the HV equipment. Photograph is placed below

Forthcoming Technical Programmes of CPRI SI. No.

Name of the Event

Date

Tutorial on Seismic Design and Testing

Feb 27, 2015

Two days workshop on Regulations, Electricity Act, Tariff, Open Access and Power Market

Mar 12-13, 2015

One day workshop on Dynamic Testing of Protective Relays on Real Time Digital Simulator

Training programme on “Hands-On Protection Relay School”

Mar 12, 2015 Mar 16-20, 2015

For details, contact: Shri Prabhakar Hegde, Joint Director (Information and Publicity Division) CPRI, Bangalore. Tel: 080 23602329 Email: hegde@cpri.in

March 2015

ERDANews

60383,60575, 60797, 61109, 62217) upto 400 kV uu Composite Insulators tests, sample routine tests) kV

Polymer (design tests and upto 400

uu General Hardware [as per IS: 2486, IS: 2121 (Pt. 1 to 4), IS: 5561] Universal Testing Machine uu Structural Steels [as per (UTM) 40T IS: 2062 & 1786]

ERDA’s State-of-the-Art Renovated Mechanical & NDT Laboratories ERDA’s mechanical and NDT laboratories have been providing crucial evaluation, certification, & consultancy services to the Indian electrical industries and utilities for more than four decades. Recently, in a major infrastructural upgrade, the mechanical & NDT laboratories were completely revamped and renovated. A spin-off of this renovation has been the consolidation of all major mechanical & NDT facilities in a glittering ultra-modern complex with scientifically and ergonomically designed laboratory space which has led to significant enhancement of productivity of the laboratory staff and has also resulted in enhanced satisfaction among its customers. A brief capability profile of the new upgraded mechanical & NDT laboratory complex is as below:

1.1. Evaluation of T&D hardware including conductors, insulators, dampers, spacer-dampers, general stringing hardware, & structurals uu Conductors [as per IS: 398 Pt. 2 and Pt. 5, IEC 1089] uu Insulators (type, acceptance and routine test)

uu Copper Samples [as per IS: 1897, 13730, 613, 191] uu Stay Wire, G.I. Plain Wire, G.S. Earth Wire [as per IS: 2141, 280, 12776]

1.2. Vibration and Seismic Evaluation services (as per various national & international standards) uu Vibration tests: 5 Hz. To 5000 Hz, up to 100g, 50 kg payload capacity uu Seismic tests: 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz., up to 3.5g table acceleration, 400 kgs. payload capacity uu Evaluation of dampers on 80 m conductor span

1.3. Evaluation of CRGO & CRNO laminations and soft toroidal cores uu National & International Test Codes for which laboratory is equipped: - IS: 648, IS: 649, IS: 3024 including single sheet tests on domain refined grades) & IS: 15391 - IEC: 60404-3 (single sheet testing of CRGO & CRNO) - IEC: 60404-8-2, IEC:60404-8-3, IEC: 60404-8-4, IEC:60404-8-7 - ASTM-A 683, ASTM-A 677, ASTM-A 876

uu Ceramic Insulators (as per IS:731,2544,5621,IEC:

uu Magnetic property tests including single sheet tests (Domain Refined CRGO as well as CRNO):

Thermo-Mechanical Chamber

Optical Microscope (50X – 1500X)

Universal Testing Machine (UTM) 10T

March 2015

ERDANews

Automated Test Station for Magnetic Properties Characterization

- Coreloss, Polarization (Magnetization), Permeability, Apparent Power, B.H curve/Hysteresis Loop

1.4. Optical microscopy, failure investigations & metallurgical characterization 1.5. NDT & RLA of Power and Process Plants (more than 150 boilers & 75 turbines assessed, to date) uu Convention NDT (DPT, MPI, UT, Radiography) uu Advanced NDT (Eddy Current, TOFD, PhasedArray)

March 2015

Oxygen Mapping on Flue Gas Path of Thermal Power Plant

Vibration Test Facility

uu Insitu Chemical Analysis, Metallography & Hardness, Thermography, Videoscopy uu Natural Frequency, Sound & Insitu Vibration Evaluation uu Residual Life Prediction Thermo-mechanical Analysis

using

Coupled

Dr G S Grewal, Deputy Director (MTD)

Phone: 0265-3048027, Mobile: 09978940951 E-mail: gurpreet.grewal@erda.org Website: www.erda.org

CountryProfile

Sydney Opera House

Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden launches its Christmas City theme ‘Lane of Light’.

weden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. Sweden borders Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.7 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54/sq mi), with the population mostly concentrated in the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population lives in urban areas. The country borders Norway and Finland and has maritime borders with Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Sweden’s position as one of the world’s most highly developed post-industrial societies looks fundamentally secure. Unemployment is low and the economy strong. Public-private partnership is at the core of “the Swedish model”, which was developed by the Social Democrats, who governed for most of the last 70 years until 2006. This mixed economy traditionally featured centralised wage negotiations and a heavily tax-subsidised social security network. The Swedesh people still enjoy an

advanced welfare system, and their standard of living and life expectancy are almost second to none.

At a glance XX

Full name: Kingdom of Sweden

Population: 9.7 million

Capital: Stockholm

Major language: Swedish

Major religion: Christianity

Life expectancy: 80 years (men), 84 years (women) (UN)

Monetary unit: 1 Swedish krona = 100 ore

Main exports: Machinery and transport equipment, paper products, chemicals

GNI per capita: US $53,170 (World Bank, 2011)

Internet domain: .se

International dialling code: +46

Politics: Social Democrat/Green minority coalition formed after inconclusive September 2014 elections

Economy: Engineering is a key sector in the export-based economy. Voters have rejected Eurozone membership

Sweden: India Exports & Imports of Electrical Equipment in INR Lakhs

Sweden

2005 2006

2006 2007

2007 2008

2008 2009

2009 2010

2010 2011

2011 2012

2012 -2013

2013 -2014

Export

4800

4726

5277

6426

5862

7226

8951

12443

20913

Import

17325

36466

49618

40331

30968

44275

51367

74442

200943

March 2015

CountryProfile

International: Sweden joined the EU in 1995. Though a famously neutral country, a security doctrine has allowed for the deployment of Swedish forces overseas

Sweden is known throughout the world for its neutrality. This policy has led to a number of Swedish politicians taking on international roles, often mediating between conflicting groups or ideologies. With the ending of the Cold War, Sweden felt able to join the European Union in 1995 although it still declines to become a NATO member. Sweden was one of three EU countries not to join the single European currency. In the first referendum on membership after the euro’s introduction in 12 of 15 EU countries, Swedish voters rejected it by a clear majority in September 2003.

Strengths (+) and weaknesses (-) (+) Diversified and high technology export base and current account surpluses In the past decade, Sweden has structurally posted large current account surpluses, whereby high technology service exports have become an increasingly important source of foreign income. (+) Strong institutions Sweden has a high level of government effectiveness, while corruption is very low by international standards. Politics in Sweden are rather pragmatic and consensual. (+) Sound fiscal position Public debt is relatively low at 40% of GDP and the fiscal deficit is modest, while the budgetary framework is relatively strong. (-) High household debt and dependence of banking sector on wholesale fundingPartially due to a favourable tax treatment and local regulations that constrain house building, mortgage debt has reached a relatively high level. Banks partially rely on foreign funding to finance their lending.

Economy Sweden today has a diverse, highly competitive and positive economy. The World Economic Forum ranks Sweden the sixth most competitive country in the world. Sweden is also the sixth easiest country in the world to trade with, according to the World Bank. This is unsurprising, since a key feature of the Swedish economy is its openness and liberal approach to trade. Sweden is an export-orientated nation that has a large trade surplus and exports a variety of goods. In addition to maintaining competitiveness in goods

March 2015

and manufacturing, growth in modern service sectors such as information and communication technology has been strong in Sweden. Internet calling service Skype and online music streaming service Spotify are two examples, but Swedes haven’t stopped there. Since 2008 the ICT sector has grown by 16 per cent and now employs over 4 per cent of the Swedish workforce. The sector is characterised by its many new and small businesses, and Stockholm has become known as one of Europe’s hottest start-up cities for ICT companies. Although Stockholm is the hub of Swedish economic activity, it is far from being the only successful region. In fact, wealth in Sweden is more evenly distributed across regions than anywhere else in the EU. Remarkably, Sweden is the only EU country where each and every region has a higher GDP per capita than the EU average. So dynamic economies and high standards of living are found across the country. Sweden’s present economic and social prosperity was built on the lessons learned from the financial crisis in the early 1990s. Governments pursued reforms and fiscal sustainability became institutionalised. Stable economic policies combine with competitiveness, innovation and an open approach to trade to make Sweden a model for economic success. In the Budget Bill for 2015, the Government of Sweden proposes reforms for more jobs, better results in schools, a better environment and a sustainable climate, and reforms to protect the Swedish model. The Bill is based on an agreement between the government parties and the Left Party. The Government’s aim is for the use of fossil fuels to be clearly reduced during this electoral period. Stimulatory measures and economic instruments will be used to bring about a shift in Sweden. The influence of environmental taxes is to increase. The national environmental objectives must be met. The Government is therefore proposing the introduction of a climate policy framework and a substantial strengthening of support to protect biodiversity. It must be more worthwhile to choose climate-friendly solutions, and climate investments will be supported both locally and globally.

Energy Sector Ever since the oil crisis of the early 1970s, Sweden has invested heavily in the search for alternative energy sources. Measures to phase out the use of oil have proceeded smoothly. In 1970, oil accounted for more than 75 per cent of Swedish energy supplies; by 2012, the figure was just 21.5 per cent, chiefly due to the declining use of oil for residential heating.

CountryProfile

Sweden outlined its present energy policy in 1997. The Government wanted to promote “efficient and sustainable energy use and a cost-effective energy supply” that would “facilitate the transition to an ecologically sustainable society”. The Swedish Energy Agency (Statensenergimyndighet) was set up to monitor developments. Sweden consumes a substantial amount of electricity per capita (15,000 kWh per person/year). Few countries consume more energy, yet Swedish carbon emissions are low compared with those of other countries. The average Swede releases 5.1 tons of carbon dioxide per year into the atmosphere, compared with the EU average of 7.9 tons and the US average of 19.1 tons. The reason for this low emission rate is that about 78 per cent of electricity in Sweden comes from nuclear power and hydroelectric power, neither of which generates carbon emissions. Cogeneration from combined heat and power (CHP plants), accounts for somewhat above 10 per cent of the electricity output in Sweden, and these are mainly powered by biofuels. About 8 per cent of the electricity is imported, and the remainder, about 4 per cent, comes from wind power.

Short- to medium-term targets for 2020: XX

40% reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) or about 20 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2-eq), compared to 1990, to be achieved outside the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) with two-thirds in Sweden and one-third by investments in other EU countries or the use of flexible mechanisms;

at least 50% share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption;

at least 10% share of renewable energy in the transport sector; and

20% more efficient use of energy compared to 2008.

The long-term priorities: XX

by 2020, Sweden aims to phase out fossil fuels in heating;

by 2030, Sweden should have a vehicle stock that is independent of fossil fuels;

Sweden is committed to develop a third pillar in electricity supply, next to hydro and nuclear power, with increased co-generation, wind and other renewable power production to reduce vulnerability and increase security of electricity supply; and

by 2050, the vision is that Sweden will have a sustainable and resource-efficient energy supply with zero net emissions of GHGs.

World-class power market Since its deregulation, the Swedish power market has become a shining example by international standards, according to the International Energy Agency. Two reasons for this are the freedom of choice available to customers and nationwide pricelevelling. Since 1996, customers have been able to choose their power supplier and today around 130 companies sell electricity to Swedish consumers. Much of Sweden’s electricity is produced in the north, but this region uses less than the more populous south of the country. This is one reason the country was divided into four power price areas in 2011, with the aim of offsetting the costs of energy loss incurred when electricity is transported along power lines. Another reason was to facilitate power trading between Sweden and other countries in Europe. Sweden’s energy policy is guided by two government Bills (2008/09:162 and 163) which were approved by the Swedish Parliament in 2009. The bill on En integreradenergi- ochklimatpolitik or “integrated climate and energy policy” sets out ambitious targets in support of and beyond the 20/20/20 objectives of the EU, in pursuit of a sustainable policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability.

Sweden sees a role for natural gas as a transition fuel in industry and co-generation. With a view to implement the priority of a fossil-fuel independent vehicle fleet by 2030, a committee has been created by the government to present concrete proposals on how Sweden can reach the 2030 decarbonisation goal. The Swedish Environmental Agency, supported by the Swedish Energy Agency and othernational authorities, presented a proposal for a Climate Roadmap in December 2012. The roadmap identifies scenarios for achieving the long-term 2050 priority and is to be adopted in the course of 2013.

Action plan for renewable energy As part of the integrated climate and energy policy, Sweden set in motion an action plan for renewable energies. This included a higher ambition for the electricity certificate system with an increase of 25

March 2015

CountryProfile

TWh by 2020 compared to 2002, when the system started. Sweden also put forward a national planning framework for wind power of 30 TWh by 2020 (20 TWh onshore, 10 TWh offshore) to provide orientation to municipal spatial planning procedures.

Melbourne at night

Based on a 2009 EU directive to promote the development of renewable energy sources, Sweden aims to increase renewable energy to 50 per cent of national supply by 2020. The present figure is 48 per cent, largely thanks to the large proportion of hydropower and biofuels in the energy system. The 48 per cent figure for renewable energy – including electricity, district heating and fuel – is higher than that in most EU countries. Green electricity certification was introduced in 2003 to promote renewable energy. To qualify, electricity must come from wind, solar, geothermal or wave power, biofuels or small-scale hydroelectric plants. Electricity retailers are required to buy a proportion of “green electricity” as part of their normal supply, while power producers receive certification for the renewable electricity they generate. The goal is to boost renewable generation by 25 TWh from 2002 to 2020. At present, Sweden is slightly more than halfway to this target, due chiefly to the increased use of biofuels and a steadily expanding wind-power programme.

Way Ahead XX

Urgently develop an action plan on how to costeffectively achieve the 2030 priority of making the vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels. evelop and implement a long-term pathway D analysis for the 2050 vision of zero net emissions of GHGs to guide market participants and policy making. Building on this, create a shared vision for the decarbonisation of the Swedish economy together with industry and civil society on the basis of sectoral clean energy technology roadmaps. cale up investments in clean energy technologies, S including smart grids, biofuels or CCS, to achieve emissions reductions in industry processes and the transport sector, through RDD&D support, co-operation and joint planning at regional level to benefit from scale and synergies for their deployment. Periodically monitor the extent to which climate and energy policies are on track toachieve the Swedish vision of zero net GHG emissions by 2050 in a cost-effective way.

March 2015

Corporate Arrangement Options Sweden offers a stable economy and various financial incentives to foreign investors looking to move into the country’s business market. Establishing a Swedish branch company must be done within the regulations set by the Act on Branches of Foreign Companies (Lagenomutländskafilialer). Any EU or EEA company may establish a branch in Sweden without restriction.

What are the formalities regarding Swedish branches? XX

A copy of the parent company’s Certificate of Incorporation

A copy of Memorandum & Articles of Association of the parent company

A copy of the parent company’s Certificate of Good Standing

special authorisation is needed if the parent company’s board of directors mainly, or only, consists of non EEA citizens

A managing director of the branch with authorised POA

The documents above are required in order for branch registration with the Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket) and to obtain a corporate identity number. All required documentation must be notarised and translated into Swedish by a sworn translator.

What are the accounting requirements for a Swedish branch? The branch must register with the Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket) for taxation purposes.

CountryProfile

Both the branch and parent company must keep separate accounting records and the branch must file separate annual accounts with Bolagsverket. These accounts must be checked by a certified public accountant. Requirements for non-EEA companies may differ. Branches with more than 3 employees and a net turnover exceeding 3 million kronor are required to have audited accounts. In accordance with the Foreign Branch Offices Act accounts must be drawn up or translated into Swedish, but the Bolagsverket also accepts English, Danish and Norwegian documents.

Important Addresses Embassy of Sweden in India 4-5 NyayaMarg Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110 021 India PHONE +91 11 4419 7100 FAX +91 11 4419 7101 E-MAIL: ambassaden.new-delhi@gov.se

Embassy of India – Sweden & Latvia Adolf FredriksKyrkogata 12, Box 1340, 111 83 Stockholm. General Telephone 08 – 107 008 Fax: (i) 08 – 248 505 (ii) 08 – 248 524 (Consular/Visa Section) E-MAIL: dcm[at]indianembassy[dot]se

Sources World Bank CIA BBC Sweden.sewww.iea.org

March 2015

InternationalNews

will supply nearly 4,000 multicrystalline YGE 60 Cell Series panels that will generate approx. 1.5 million kWh of power annually.

International News

Considered to be East Malaysia’s first solar power plant, the facility got commissioned this month after receiving a license to export power throughout Borneo in 2014. Developed by the Malaysian solar firm Cahaya Metro Sdn, the farm is located in Kg. Nyaris Nyaris, Bongawan, Sabah, Malaysia.

ABB bags $100 mn cable system order for wind farm in Denmark ABB has bagged an over $100 million cable system order from Energinet. dk, a transmission system operator in Denmark, to build an alternating current (AC) cable system for transmission of power from the Kriegers Flak offshore wind farm to the mainland grid. Denmark’s largest offshore wind farm will increase the country’s wind power capacity to over 40 percent, capable of providing electricity to meet the demand of over 600,000 homes. The project is scheduled to be commissioned in 2018. Denmark’s Green Energy plans to become fossil fuel free by 2050. The 600MW wind farm will help strengthen regional energy markets and increase the security of supply by boosting transmission capacity. ABB’s cable system will connect the offshore wind farm platforms Kriegers Flak A and B to Rrdvig, in Denmark. ABB will supply and install three high-voltage alternating current 220 kilovolt threecore submarine cables with a length of about 100 kilometers – 44 km from each of the platforms to shore and 11 km between the two platforms.

Yingli Green Energy wins solar PV contract in Borneo Yingli Green Energy based in Singapore will be supplying panels for a one megawatt solar farm in the state of Sabah on the island of Borneo. Yingli

March 2015

In a similar initiative, Yingli Green Energy plans to collaborate with Kasikornbank (KBank), Huawei Technologies and Solventia Solar Energy to establish solar power in Thailand. According to their recently signed Memorandum of Understanding, the companies will jointly provide turnkey solar power solutions for both power plants and distributed generation projects throughout the country. In July 2014, Yingli Green Energy Spain has signed an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract with Societe Nationaled’ Electricite de Senegal (Senelec), for a 2MW ground-mounted PV plant. Yingli Green Energy is pursuing new opportunities in distributed solar generation market in China thanks to the recent policy published by China’s National Energy Administration (NEA).

Hitachi signs 220 MW wind farm contract in Japan A consortium of ten companies headed by Hitachi Zosen has secured a contract to develop a 220 MW offshore wind farm in northwestern Japan. Hitachi will be responsible for the installation of wind turbines coming up in Murakami City of Niigata prefecture. Meanwhile, Hitachi Zose will be responsible for the foundation and overall design and Hitachi Capital will be responsible for the financing and operations. The Iwafune wind farm project, which is expected to cost JPY100bn ($852m), will consist of 40 and 50 turbines that will annually generate energy for about 170,000 homes. Manufacturing of equipment will begin from 2020 while operations are expected to begin in 2024. The consortium has already begun the technical and commercial proposal for 44 bottom-mounted offshore wind turbines. A total of about 220,000kW wind turbines will be installed each with a capacity of 5,000kW. A feasibility study on the project is under progress and a special purpose company (SPC) will be established in 2015 based on the results.

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Claro Energy receives $2 mn credit facility to expand solar pumping biz Claro Energy, a provider of solar water pumping solution, has received $2 million credit facility from RBL Bank to expand its solar pumping business. Out of this, around $1 million is a Direct Line of Credit that will take care of capital needs, while another $1 is a commitment from the Bank for meeting direct farmer financing on water pumps. It is expected that millions of farmers will benefit from solar irrigation as MNRE expands the solar pump program across the country. This credit facility is announced at a time when the solar pumping industry is going through a remarkable growth. Besides, the credit facility will be used for meeting the growing working capital needs and towards consumer financing for farmers who wish to buy the solar pumps but can’t afford the upfront Capex (capital expenditure). Claro Energy currently operates in 10 states across the country and has installed solar pumps from 1HP to 10HP across drinking water, irrigation, purification and aquaculture applications. RBL bank provides financial services for supporting sustainable energy efficient irrigation systems and renewable energy programs for farmers. The fund announcement is in addition to the allotment of `1,000 crore for promoting solar energy in the country by the Union Government. This includes a provision of ` 400 crore for schemes for solar power driven agricultural pump sets and water pumping stations; and a provision of ` 100 crore for the development of 1 MW Solar Parks on the banks of canals.

Gamesa signs 300 MW wind power deal with Greenko in India Gamesa has signed an agreement with Greenko, an independent power producer in India, to develop 300 MW wind power in the country. Out of the 300 MW agreement, the first phase of 160 MW is already underway and the project is expected to be commissioned by June 2015. Under this, Gamesa will install 80 of its G97-2.0 MW turbines in identified sites in Karnataka and Rajasthan. The second phase of 140 MW is expected to be secured by April 2015. Under this, Gamesa will supply 70 of its G97-2.0MW – T-104 turbines in identified sites in the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Commenting on the new order win, Ramesh Kymal, chairman and managing director, Gamesa India said, “With the government’s thrust in promoting India

as a global manufacturing hub, it is imperative that renewables be considered as an alternate fuel to meet the power demand spurred by industrialisation.” “This successful synergy is greatly attributed to the joint commitment showcased by Greenko and Gamesa in delivering both economically viable and environmentally sustainable power projects in India,” Kymal further said. With this deal, Gamesa’s combined wind portfolio with Greenko touches 600 MW, which are at various stages of development in the country.

Siemens to construct $300mn winddiesel power station in Australia Siemens is in talks with a consortium of Eurus Energy and Danvest to build a $300 million wind-and-diesel power station for powering mining sites at Australia. The Australian mine at an undisclosed location will use this hybrid power system as an alternative energy source for mining operations. Since past one year, Siemens has been in talks with Japanese firm Eurus Energy and Danish firm Danvest to begin construction of a hybrid station in the remote mining area by 2015. Siemens authorities are of the hope that if all goes well, the first deal will see a plant with a transmission line that can deliver approximately 30 MW of power. The facility may either be fully owned by the miner or Eurus Energy will hold the ownership after constructing it. “The miners now have a real sharp cost focus due to external factors over the past 12 months, so now when you walk in the door with a cost-saving idea, as opposed to a volume increase, you’re getting attention,” commented, Andrew Riggs, head, wind power proposals, Siemens.

Power Africa to host African Utility week 2015 Power Africa will be the official country partner for the 5th African Utility Week and Clean Power Africa to be held in May at Cape Town. Power Africa was initiated by US President Barack Obama with an aim to enhance power portfolio in sub-Saharan Africa. The conference and expo will be attended by utility professionals from various countries, sharing and discussing advanced solutions of securing the future development of power as well as water industry in Africa. The event will be an appropriate platform for Power Africa to engage with various participating US

March 2015

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exhibitors supported by USAID,OPIC, EXIM Bank, US Department of State, US Department of Energy and the Power Africa Private Partners.

The project is a greatly anticipated one, which has been described by the World Bank as top priority for the West African country.

President Obama launched Power Africa in Cape Town in late June 2013. Power Africa in collaboration with African government and other private and public facilities aims to add nearly 30,000 megawatts of clean electricity generation capacity to the national grid portfolio. The initiative also targets to increase electricity access throughout sub-Saharan Africa by adding almost 60 million new home and business connections.

In July 2014, World Bank approved additional financing of $19.80 million to support the development of Ghana’s oil and gas reserves, bringing the total support to $57.80 million.

The 15th African Utility Week and Clean Power Africa is expected to attract more than 5000 attendees and feature 250 exhibitors. African utilities have been gathering at African Utility Week for 15 years, to find proper solutions for various power related challenges faced by Africa.

GNPC in pact with Italian oil firm for US$7bn offshore project in Ghana Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) has entered into an agreement with Italian oil firm ENI and Vitol to develop and commission the US$7bn Offshore Cape Three Point (OCTP) project in Ghana. The OCTP development will consist of five fields – Sankofa East Cenomanian Oil, Sankofa East, Campanian Oil, Sankofa Main Gas, Sankofa East Gas and Gye Nyame Gas. The petroleum sector in Ghana is going through a key transformation after the discovery of a large oil and gas field in deep waters about 60 kilometers offshore. It is expected that the project will provide sufficient gas to power Ghana’s power thermal power stations for the next 15 years. Financed by World Bank, the project is located around 60 km from the Ghanaian Western Region’s coast. The plant will access around 41bn cu/m of gas and 500mn barrels of oil in place. First oil is expected in 2017, first gas in 2018 and peak production is expected to touch 80,000 boed in 2019. Energy ministry of Ghana will support the gas transmission system by establishing compression stations and connections to industrial users, which will provide 700MW of new power. The project is helpful to Ghana in many ways. In addition to enhanced oil production, it will highlight the growth of thermal power portfolio in the country, speeding up the industrial growth. Since independence, this is the largest single project having foreign direct investment inflow into Ghana.

March 2015

The funds will help to establish a national data center within the Petroleum Commission of Ghana (PCG) and also help procure laboratory equipment for Ghana’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for increased analysis of the impacts of oil and gas operations on marine and shoreline ecosystems.

POWER Nigeria in pact with American energy firm to build 250 MW thermal power plant The Nigerian government has entered into an agreement with Missouri American Energy to construct a 250-megawatt thermal power plant in Nigeria. The generated power will be supplied to the national grid by the American energy firm. It is estimated that, due to its smaller capacity the project will be completed soon, generating rapid energy to supply sufficient power for the nation. Minister of Power, Chinedu Nebo further advised the firm to catch-in on the provisions of the Power Africa initiative of President Barack Obama for which Nigeria is amongst other first-tranche beneficiary African countries. Minister also asked the company to communicate with the renewable firm GE to stabilize a buy-in into its recently launched sponsorship program for investors in the power sector. The consortium was already discussing with development partners within the power sector in order to push the project’s phases within its designated time limit. Egbin Power is the largest thermal power generating station in Nigeria with an installed capacity of 1320 MW consisting of 6 Units of 220 MW each. Also Read Abengoa wins approval to develop solar thermal plant in Atacama Desert In 2013, proposals for the development of new hydropower plants in Mambilla (3,050 MW) and Zungeru (700 MW) and a 10-MW wind farm in Katsina were made. The Total Electricity Installed Capacity (TEIC) of the country currently stands at about 6,000 MW.

NationalNews

Country to add up to 2,300 MW wind capacity in FY15

National News

As much as 2,300 MW of wind capacity is expected to be added in 2014-15, mainly supported by reintroduction of accelerated depreciation and sizable investments by large independent power producers, rating agency ICRABSE 0.25 % said. “Annual capacity addition during the current financial year is expected to improve to about 2,200-2,300 MW, implying growth of about 10 per cent over the previous year, which is supported by reintroduction of accelerated depreciation (AD) benefit since July 2014 and sizable investments under implementation by large players in IPP segment,” the firm said. According to ICRA, during the first nine months of 2014-15, wind based capacity addition stood at 1,329 MW, a significant increase of 21 per cent compared to the same period last fiscal. “Historically, AD benefit has been a key driver for capacity addition by corporate and financial investors (that is non-IPP segment) and with the reintroduction of AD benefit in July last year, ICRA expects incremental annual demand of about 800 MW from such investors,” the release said. Wind based capacity addition during FY2014 improved by 23 per cent to 2,084 MW year-on-year basis which was also supported by reintroduction of generation based incentive (GBI) in September, 2013.

Power transmission and distribution losses may come down to 18 per cent by end of 13th plan “At present the transmission and distribution losses...is around 23 per cent (all India level)...by the end of 13th Plan (2017-22) all India T&D losses would be around 18 per cent only,” Central Electricity Authority Chairperson Major Singh said during a workshop.

He further said that T&D losses is still very high when compared to international standards, adding that by the end of the current plan period it is expected to come down hardly by one per cent to 22 per cent. The government had earlier said that power sector is set for $250 billion investments across different segments, including transmission and distribution. Giving a break-up of investments, Power and Coal Minister Piyush Goyal had said renewables is set to get $100 billion, while transmission and distribution segment is likely to attract $50 billion.

Power ministry reworking gas pooling proposal The power ministry is reworking a proposal to pool prices of domestic and international gas after the oil ministry said there is no additional fuel available from NELP fields till March 2017, power secretary P K Sinha said. This comes as a dampener to the hopes of 24000mw stressed gas-based plants that were pinning revival hopes on the Centre’s gas pooling proposal. The proposed price pooling scheme, to help the idling power plants of companies such as Lanco Infratech, Essar Power, Reliance Power, GVK Group and GMR Energy, seeks to supply domestic and imported gas enough to operate their plants at 40% capacity. The proposal prepared earlier by oil and power ministries sought supply of any additional gas produced in the country in the next four years to power stations along with imported liquefied natural gas. State-run GAIL India and Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd (GSPCL) are likely to be the pool operators. The gas will be supplied at an average ‘pooled’ price of domestic and imported gas, while the electricity from the plants will be supplied at ` 5.5 per unit to power distribution companies. The scheme also proposed subsidising firms operating the gas-based power stations from the National Clean Energy Fund made of a cess collected from coal miners.

March 2015

NationalNews

Electric power transmission and distribution losses include losses in transmission between sources of supply and points of distribution including distribution to consumers. Investors keen on setting up 200 GW of clean energy projects in five years Foreign and domestic investors have shown interest in setting up 2,00,000 MW of clean energy projects in the next five years, twice the government’s ambitious target, potentially making India the world’s top investment destination for renewable ventures. “We have so many commitments from investors to set up clean energy in India. We have received commitments for over 200 gigawatts. As of now, I expect 30-35 per cent of $100 billion, which is required to instal 100 gigawatts of solar power, to come as FDI,” coal, power and renewable energy minister Piyush Goyal said. Of the targeted 100 gigawatts, the government plans to generate 40 gigawatts of clean energy through rooftop solar generation, 20 gigawatts through solar parks, another 20 gigawatts through microgrids in remote areas and the remainder through other programmes.

Government approves ` 996 crore for augmenting transmission network “In order to serve the growing needs of research and development in the Indian power sector including, development of advanced testing facilities, the government has accorded investment approval of `996 crore for capital projects of Central Power Research Institute (CPRI),” an official statement said. This will also support establishment of new test facilities in existing laboratories of CPRI, located at Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkota, Guwahati, Noida and Nagpur. In addition, a new laboratory will also be established in Western Region at Nasik. CPRI, with its headquarters at Bengaluru, is an autonomous society under the aegis of the ministry of power. It was set up to serve as a National level laboratory for undertaking applied research in electrical power engineering, besides functioning as an independent test and certification authority for electrical equipments and components for ensuring reliability in the power system.

March 2015

More private firms needed in power transmission An advisory group has said that there should be private participation in power transmission sector. Advisory Group for Integrated Development of Power, Coal, and Renewable Energy chaired by Suresh Prabhu (Union Minister for Railways) in its report to the Ministry of Power, stressed on need for private participation in power transmission sector. Private firms account for 35 per cent in power generation as against only 3 per cent in transmission. “This needs to be enhanced,” said the group in the report. It also suggested that bidding for transmission projects should be expedited, the time period for clearances should be shortened and the transfer of SPVs (special purpose vehicles) should be done within three months. Prepare a list for the projects to be opened up for development by public and pvt players at the earliest. Prepare long term transmission plan and monitor progress, availability of transmission infrastructure should be ahead of power generation. The group also suggested that the mechanism to identify critical transmission constraints, formulate specific projects and have them executed in the most effective manner, should be put in place.

Additional 455 GW capacity needed to meet power demand by 2034 India will require an additional 455 GW of installed capacity and significant investment in setting up transmission and distribution network to meet the country’s power demand by 2034, research firm PwC said. According to its recent report, titled ‘The Future of India: The Winning Leap’, there was a need to shift power generation capacity toward non-coal sources and increase use of digital and communication technology to automate information gathering, which can help reduce costs. “By adopting non-traditional solutions India could increase access to power for more than 300 million additional people by 2034, with annual per capita consumption of 1,800kW for those connected to the grid. To meet this desired outcome, India would require an additional 455 GW of installed capacity along

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with significant investments and operational in T&D networks,” the research firm said in a statement. Using traditional sources to achieve these targets would require investments of almost USD 900 billion over the next two decades, the report said. “To put things into perspective, India spent only USD 120 billion of the available USD 170 billion in the 11th Five Year Plan on power infrastructure. Hence, achieving the winning leap target through traditional means would require current investments to be doubled on an annual basis,” it said. According to PwC, if India shifts its power generation capacity toward non-coal sources, only then it can meet the increased need for power in an environmentally sustainable way. It further said that the government should encourage private participation in transmission and distribution.

India joins hands with New York for smart city projects Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday announced that the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, will join hands with Bloomberg Philanthropies to advance “Smart Cities Initiative.” An agreement in this regard was signed between Prime Minister’s office and former Mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg. “The Smart Cities Initiative is a historic effort to promote economic growth, improve governance, and deliver more effective and efficient public services

Gujarat SJVN to set up 4.2 GW wind and solar projects in Gujarat SJVN, a public sector company in India, plans to set up 4.2 GW wind and solar projects in Gujarat. During the first phase of the project, the company will add 1 GW renewable energy capacity. SJVN said majority of the solar and wind capacity addition will be based on solar photovoltaic modules assembled and manufactured in India. In addition, the first project will be developed by SJVN itself with the subsequent phases opened for private project developers. The project forms a part of the recently developed policy by India government to encourage public sector companies to develop ultra-mega renewable energy projects with capacities of 4 GW, to promote the usage of domestically manufactured solar power equipment. India plans to add about 100 GW solar power capacity and 7080 GW wind energy capacity by 2022.

to India’s urban residents,” Modi said. Under the partnership, Bloomberg Philanthropies will provide assistance to the Ministry of Urban Development to select cities for Smart Cities Mission funding on a continuous basis. The new approach eliminates the lengthy process involving detailed project reports and their approval by the Central government. The project involves real citizen engagements, so people get involved both in design and execution of city development plans. Smart Cities initiatives, according to Modi, are highly challenging; however, the government has to undertake it to improve the quality of life for India’s urban citizens with stakeholder’s participation.

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Madhya Pradesh Fortum launches its first greenfield solar project in India Finnish firm Fortum has launched its 10 MW solar PV plant in Madhya Pradesh, the company said. It is the first greenfield solar project commissioned under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) Phase II. The power plant will be operating based on a PPA signed by Fortum for 25 years with the Solar Energy Corporation of India. The 10 MW solar plant shall offset more than 18000 tonnes of CO2 emissions equivalent annually, it said.

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CorporateNews

The substation, will play a significant role in pooling and evacuating the power flow from the three major power plants in the state -- Kalisindh, Kawai and Chhabra -- to the national grid, it said. Anta is Rajasthan's first 765 kv substation, and the second largest with a total of 26 bays, 10 765 kv bays and 16 400 kv bays. The turnkey project for Anta substation was awarded to Alstom T&D India in September 2011. The contract includes installation of 3x500 MVA, 765/400 kv transformers, 765 kv reactors, other 765 kv equipment and civil works with a total order value of nearly ` 4,21.2 crore.

Adani

Corporate News

Adani to develop 10,000 MW solar park in Rajasthan Rajasthan government signed a memorandum of understanding with Adani Group to develop a 10,000 MW solar park in the state. As part of the MoU which was signed by managing director, Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation (RREC) B.K. Dosi and CEO of Adani Enterprises Vineet Jain in the presence of Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje and MD of Adani Group Rajesh Adani, the flagship company of Adani Group will develop the solar park over the next 10 years. Out of this, 5,000 MW capacity will be developed in the next five years, the statement said. Adani Enterprises will also set up solar power projects of 5000 MW on its own as part of the solar park. Besides development of solar park, Adani Group also plans to develop solar manufacturing units and power evacuation system in the state. In all Adani Group proposes to make investment worth Rs.40,000 crore in the state on these projects

Alstom Alstom commissions Rajasthan's first 765 kV substation "Alstom T&D India has successfully commissioned the Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd's 765 kv substation in Anta," the company said in a statement.

March 2015

The Anta substation was set up by RVPN under the transmission system augmentation scheme to meet the growing energy demand in the state. Rajasthan has an installed capacity of more than 5,000 mw.

BHEL BHEL commissions 270 MW thermal unit in Maharashtra BHEL has commissioned a 270-MW unit of a coalbased thermal power plant in Maharashtra. The third unit was commissioned at Rattan India Power Limited's (formerly Indiabulls Power) upcoming thermal power project located at Amravati in Maharashtra, BHEL said in a statement. This is the third 270 MW unit commissioned by BHEL in Phase-1 of the project. The project is being executed in two phases, each of 1,350 MW, the statement said.

GE GE opens integrated manufacturing site in Pune, India Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated GE’s first multi-modal integrated manufacturing site at Chakan near Pune in India. The facility named ‘Brilliant Factory’ will export 50 percent of its productivity to other global GE sites regularly. The investment details are not disclosed. During the first phase of operations, GE will manufacture products and solutions for power sector, oil & gas and transportation industries. In Phase II, the facility will comprise manufacturing capability for new generation aviation engine components and machining and sub-assembly for the latest rail locomotives and diesel engines.

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“India is the fastest growing economy in the world with a GDP growth rate of 7.4 percent. I assure you that in the field of development and giving employment, there are a lot of opportunities here in India,” stated Modi speaking at the inaugural function. India wants to move further ahead in manufacturing sector. The opportunities for manufacturing in India are immense. The country is blessed with demographic dividend, continued Modi. He added that Railways sector in India needs to develop, get more technology, give speed, evolving as the driving force of Indian economy.

Inox Wind, part of the $2 billion (about ` 12,400 crore) Inox group that has interests in multixplexes, cryogenic technology refrigerants and industrial gases, is a subsidiary of Gujarat Fluorochemicals. Under the contract, the company will develop and construct the projects on a turnkey basis, supply 83 units of 2 mw wind turbine generators and undertake long-term operations and maintenance, said Devansh Jain, director, Inox Wind. The projects are likely to be commissioned in phases by December.

CESC First Solar First Solar Announces a 5 GW Green Energy Commitment at RE-INVEST First Solar, Inc. made a Green Energy Committment to develop 5 GW of capacity by 2019 at the RE-INVEST meet, joining India’s vision to ramp up solar energy capacity in the total energy mix to 10 percent to meet the country’s increasing demand for sustainable renewable energy. Total global installed PV Solar capacity has jumped from 3.7GW in 2004 to 135GW at the end of 2013. And, India’s plan to install 100 GW capacity of solargenerated electricity by 2022 is following that lead, with R&D bringing about more efficiencies to support an even larger growth. “India remains one of our most important global markets. Given its economic growth and the need for energy security and energy access, solar presents a very compelling opportunity to the government and the industry today, to demonstrate how it enables a sustainable and affordable energy solution for the 1.2 Bn people of this country. First Solar is excited about the vision that the new Indian government has for solar energy, and as a global market leader our commitment demonstrates our intent to work with the government in achieving this goal”, said James Hughes, Chief Executive Officer of First Solar, Inc.

CESC's Haldia Unit-I starts full-load generation Private power utility CESC's unit-I of Haldia power plant started full load generation from this morning. A company spokesperson said that the first unit reached full load generation capacity of 300 MW. CESC chairman Sanjiv Goenka had said the second unit of 300 MW will also come on stream by March. The power plant is 600 MW capacity thermal power plant which has coal linkage with Coal India. When both units of the Haldia plant become operational, the total capacity of CESC in West Bengal would be 1800 MW, the spokesperson said. However, as per present linkage terms the total coal allocation is 60 per cent of the total coal requirement and the company was concerned with uncertainty pertaining with the sector. Goenka had said that the company was also trying to have a back-up plan in case it fails to secure a coal mine in the coming auctions.

Suzlon Energy Suzlon agrees to sell German unit for $1.16 billion

Inox Wind bags 166 MW contract from Green Infra

Suzlon Energy said it has agreed to sell German unit Senvion to US private-equity firm Centerbridge Partners for $1 billion (` 7,200 crore). The Indian wind-turbine maker plans to use the proceeds from the all cash deal to reduce debt and focus on growth.

Inox Wind has received a 166 mw contract from Green Infra, a company promoted by IDFC PE Fund, to set up projects in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in the sector where the government has restored tax benefits to promote clean energy.

The company aims to expand in India, the US, China and Brazil, Suzlon Chairman Tulsi Tanti told. The deal includes an earnout - a future payment based on the company achieving certain goals - of up to $50 million.

Inox Wind

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The Pune-based company, the world's fifth largest wind turbine manufacturer, said Senvion will give it licence for off-shore technologies for the Indian market. Senvion will get licence from Suzlon on certain wind turbines for the US market. Suzlon said the unit's sale is in line with its "strategic initiative to strengthen our balance sheet". Repayment of loans will reduce the company's interest cost and augment business growth, it said. The government's significant thrust on renewable energy offers a conducive policy framework to the sector which Suzlon is best equipped to capitalise on, said Chairman Tanti.

Mahindra Mahindra to expand renewables business amid India's clean energy push Indian conglomerate Mahindra Group plans to expand its renewable energy business and invest 45 billion

March 2015

rupees ($732.5 million) over the next three to four years, its chairman said, amid a government-led push to increase the use of clean energy. The investment will mainly be financed by taking on 33 billion rupees in debt, with the rest funded through cash, Chairman and Managing Director Anand Mahindra told. The group also plans to commission 500 megawatts (MW) of solar power projects by the end of March 2016 from 180 MW it expects to complete by endMarch this year, he added. "The (renewable energy) business is going to boom this year. It is a very attractive investment right now," Mahindra said. The renewable energy unit, which builds solar power projects and offers off-grid power solutions, was formed in 2011 and is currently one of the smaller businesses of the $17 billion autos-totechnology conglomerate. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has ramped up his target for solar energy by 33 times to 100,000 megawatts (MW) by 2022 as he bets on

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CorporateNews

renewables to help meet rising power demand and overcome the frequent outages that plague Asia's third largest economy.

NTPC NTPC to build $10 bn-worth green energy projects State-run power generator NTPC will invest ` 60,000 crore ($10 billion) for setting up renewable energy projects in the ext five years, the company announced. NTPC, in a statement here said, it will add 10,000MW to its existing capacity of 43,143MW through solar projects in the next five years. The company has renewable power capacity of 110MW, which has generated 100 million units of electricity in the current fiscal. NTPC said it will set up renewable power projects of 10,000MW capacity in the country over the next five years. An overall investment of around ` 60,000 crore is envisaged for the project. The company said it has already floated the notice inviting tender for four solar projects of 250MW each in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana and Rajasthan and one 500MW project in Andhra Pradesh. The first 250MW Solar project in Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh is expected to be awarded by the end of next month. “Availability of land and PPA (power purchase agreement) arrangements are being explored in other states like Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Puducherry, Gujarat etc.,” the statement added.

Imergy Power Imergy Power rolls out new vanadium flow batteries Imergy Power Systems has rolled out new vanadium flow batteries to their ESP250 energy storage series. These batteries provide 250 kilowatts of output with one MW of energy storage capacity. The ESP250 modules measure around 12 meters with available energy ranging from 2 to 12 hours of output duration. The battery features a modular design within which multiple batteries are connected into a single Energy Storage Platform (ESP), capable of delivering power as well as storing energy. The ESP250 provides utilities, developers and customers with a low-cost energy storage solution for large-scale energy storage applications.

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INDEX TO ADVERTISERS ABB ASIATIC BLUE STAR BOROUGE CPRI C&S CROMPTON DECCAN DIAMOND DYNAMIC CABLES ELECRAMA 2016 EON ESSEN FINOLEX FLIR FRONTEC GREENTECH HAVELLS HPL IED IEIS INDIAN OIL INDO SIMON INTAF KAPCO KVTEK LAPP INDIA L&T MECO MEGGER MENNEKES METERING INDIA 2015 MODERN ELECTRONIC MUSKAAN OBO OMICRON OMRON PARAS PERFECT PREMIER RAVIN CABLES RE RISHABH RMG SCOPE SIEMENS SKIPPER SWICON 2015 UDEYRAJ

61 FRONT GATEFOLD 23 18 86 6 87 60 35 58 27 5 38 53 11 103 59 20, 22 17 75 93-94 75 39 92 70 21 77 COVER II 43 25, 107 83 FRONT GATEFOLD 63 COVER III 79 105 34 41 42 83 10 64 108 85 81 19 COVER IV 15 24

UL INDIA

YAMUNA

March 2015

Shocks&Sparks

Banta never cried when his father, mother, brother, sister

Stroke a cat once and you will have a permanent job!

died, but when his wife died, he was uncontrollably cried for days together. His friends wondered and asked him. Banta said that when my father, brother died several comforted me by saying that I’m like your father or a brother. When my mother & sister died several ladies came and told me that they were like my mother or sister. But when my wife died, no one offered any such comfort.

It is told that after 9/11 attack in Pentagon and World

trade towers attack in USA, Chinese PM called the American President and offered his condolences. He even offered that if some documents in Pentagon have been destroyed, he need not worry as ‘we have copies of everything’

A pick pocket was pronounced guilty and sentenced

to 6 months imprisonment and Rs 2000 fine. His defense lawyer pleaded with the judge “Your Honour, please reduce the fine to Rs 500, as my client can only afford it, alternatively allow him a few minutes in Chandni Chowk crowd”.

For a Government contract for erecting a fence around an office, bidding was invited. A Bengali contractor offered a quote of Rs 27000, a contractor from South offered Rs 35000, the local Mawari however leans over the official and said that I’m going to bid Rs 1 lakh. He told the surprised official “Sir you give me the contract and what I will do ask the Bengali contractor to do the job, his Rs 27000 and we shall share the balance” “O.K” said the official “You will get the contract because you have the only person to give me equal cut, the earlier contractors gave me only 10 or 15%” Mera Bharat Mahan

Some Aphorism 1. The nicest thing about the future is that it always starts tomorrow. 2. Money will buy a fine dog but only kindness will make him wag his tail. 3. If you don’t have a sense of humour you probably don’t have any sense at all. 4. Seat belts are not as confining as wheelchairs. 5. A good time to keep your mouth shut is when you’re in deep water.

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6. How come it takes so little time for a child who is afraid of the dark to become a teenager who wants to stay out all night? 7. Business conventions are important because they demonstrat e how many people a company can operate without. 8. Why is it that at class reunions you feel younger than everyone else looks? 9.

No one has more driving ambition than the teenage boy who wants to buy a car.

10. There are no new sins; the old ones just get more publicity. 11. There are worse things than getting a call for a wrong number at 4 a.m - for example, it could be the right number. 12. No one ever says “It’s only a game” when their team is winning. 13. I’ve reached the age where ‘happy hour’ is a nap. 14. Be careful about reading the fine print - there’s no way you’re going to like it. 15. The trouble with bucket seats is that not everybody has the same size bucket.

R G Keswani

March 2015