IEEMA Journal March 2017

Page 1

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

VOLUME 8 z ISSUE NO. 7 z MARCH 2017 z PGS. 112

ISSN 0970-2946 z Rs. 100/-

UNION BUDGET 2017-18

100% village electrification by 1st May 2018 with allocation of ` 4,814 crores

Overall infrastructure allocation at ` 3.96 lakh Crores

Reduction in corporate tax rate from 30% to 25% for companies where turnover is less than ` 50 crores

Taxes on parts, machinery used to manufacture solar power project components reduced

Progressive on the Macro-Economic Level Expert Speak Power theft - Will it build darkness in India?

In Focus Storage of surplus power

In Depth Integration of energy storage system for improving wind farm power dispatch

From the President’s Desk

Dear Friends, The Union Budget 2017-18 was a mixed bag for the Indian electrical industry. This was the fourth budget of the present government but while comparing WKH ODVW WKUHH EXGJHWV WKLV EXGJHW¡V PDLQ IRFXV DUHDV ZHUH UXUDO HOHFWULĂ€FDWLRQ renewable energy and mega merger of oil PSU’s. 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ DQG ´3RZHU IRU $OOÂľ KDYH EHHQ WKH Ă DJVKLS VFKHPHV RI WKLV JRYHUQPHQW IRU WKH SDVW IHZ \HDUV 7KLV \HDU WRR WKHLU FRPPLWPHQW WRZDUGV these missions has been reiterated through this budget announcement. By SURYLGLQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH VWDWXV WR WKH KRXVLQJ VHJPHQW WKH JRYHUQPHQW KDV given a further impetus to address suppressed power demand which is critical to providing 24X7 power to DOO ,Q WKH UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ VHFWRU WKH JRYHUQPHQW¡V FRPPLWPHQW WR DGG DQRWKHU *: RI VRODU FDSDFLW\ ZRXOG KHOS WKH FRXQWU\ DFKLHYH *: RI VRODU E\ 7KH H[SHFWHG IDOO LQ LQWHUHVW UDWHV DV D UHVXOW RI GHPRQHWLVDWLRQ DQG SUXGHQW Ă€VFDO PDQDJHPHQW ZLOO DOVR FRQWULEXWH SRVLWLYHO\ WR WKH UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ VHFWRU The government and Industry will need to gear up to address the technical and commercial challenges which will be thrown up by ambitious addition in renewable sources. 7KH *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD KDV GRQH ZHOO E\ LQWURGXFLQJ D PDMRU UHIRUP RULHQWHG VFKHPH OLNH 8'$< EXW LW PXVW EH LPSOHPHQWHG DFURVV WKH QDWLRQ WR PDNH WKH XWLOLWLHV VHOI VXVWDLQLQJ DQG QRW EXUGHQ WKH H[FKHTXHU as has happened in the past. The new amendment proposed in the Electricity Act need be passed and LPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK WKH VDPH VLQJOH PLQGHGQHVV DV EHLQJ GRQH LQ WKH FDVH RI *67 $OO WKUHH VHFWRUV RI RZQHUVKLS 3XEOLF 3ULYDWH DQG 333 VKRXOG EH JLYHQ DQ HTXDO RSSRUWXQLW\ WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ EXLOGLQJ DQG PDQDJLQJ WKH PRVW YLWDO OLIHOLQH RI WKH QDWLRQDO HFRQRP\ WKDW LV WKH HQHUJ\ VHFWRU ,Q RUGHU WR EULQJ PRUH HIĂ€FLHQF\ DQG FXVWRPHU RULHQWDWLRQ ZH QHHG WR EULQJ PRUH FRPSHWLWLRQ LQ WKH transmission & distribution sectors of power.

Sanjeev Sardana

6

March 2017

Samvaad...

Dear Members, With transmission and distribution network of electricity becoming increasingly intelligent, the equipments are connected and communicate with each other, PDNLQJ WKH JULG PRUH HIĂ€FLHQW DQG UHOLDEOH This conversion of IT, IOT and electronics give rise also to vulnerability of the V\VWHP WR F\EHU DWWDFN DQG WKUHDW IURP PDOLFLRXV VRIWZDUH There have been serious attacks in various countries with devastating FRQVHTXHQFHV LQ WKH UHFHQW SDVW &RXQWULHV ZKLFK KDYH UHFHQWO\ VXIIHUHG DUH 8NUDLQH 86$ &DQDGD 0H[LFR WR QDPH D IHZ 2XU 6WDWH XWLOLWLHV KDYH DZDUGHG FRQWUDFWV RI 6&$'$ 6XSHUYLVRU\ &RQWURO DQG 'DWD $FTXLVLWLRQ WR FRPSDQLHV IURP &KLQD 7KLV LV D PDWWHU RI VHULRXV FRQFHUQ DV RXU UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK WKH 3HRSOH¡V 5HSXEOLF RI &KLQD LV QRW FOHDU WR VD\ WKH OHDVW $ ZDU EHWZHHQ ,QGLD DQG &KLQD PD\ QRW KDSSHQ EXW D SRVVLELOLW\ RI FRQĂ LFW EHWZHHQ WKHVH WZR FRXQWULHV H[LVWV WKHRUHWLFDOO\ :H GR QRW EX\ FULWLFDO GHIHQVH DQG WHOHFRP HTXLSPHQW IURP &KLQD 3RZHU HTXLSPHQW ZKLFK LV RI HTXDO FULWLFDOLW\ IRU WKH QDWLRQ VKRXOG QRW EH VRXUFHG IURP &KLQHVH FRPSDQLHV ,((0$ KDV WDNHQ XS WKLV LVVXH DQG KDV Ă DJJHG LW ZLWK YDULRXV DUPV RI WKH JRYHUQPHQW VR WKDW WKH SRWHQWLDO GDPDJH FDQ EH DUUHVWHG ,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR PHQWLRQ WKDW ,((0$ LV QRW DJDLQVW ELODWHUDO ,QGLDQ WUDGH DQG LQYHVWPHQW We also need to develop competence to identify a cyber attack from a mal-operation of the equipment and DOVR HYROYH IRRO SURRI PHDQV WR FRPEDW VXFK DJJUHVVLRQ E\ WUXDQW LQGLYLGXDOV FRPSDQLHV DQG QDWLRQV We need to put into place polices, technical standards and mandatory testing procedures to ensure safety RI WKH JULG 7KH 6PDUW JULG GLYLVLRQ RI ,((0$ LV WDNLQJ OHDG RQ WKH VXEMHFW WR Ă€QG VROXWLRQV ZKLFK FDQ WKHQ EH JLYHQ WR WKH JRYHUQPHQW EXW , ZLOO UHTXHVW DOO RXU PHPEHUV WR VHQG LQ WKHLU WKRXJKWV DQG VSHFLĂ€F VROXWLRQV IRU WKLV NLQG RI WKUHDW I am happy to report that the government is fully conscious and seized of this potential threat and is not RQO\ UHFHSWLYH EXW LW LV ORRNLQJ IRUZDUG WR SUDFWLFDO VROXWLRQV IURP ,((0$

Sunil Misra

March 2017

7

Contents

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

9ROXPH ,VVXH 1R 0DUFK &,1 8 0+ *$3 2IÀFLDO 2UJDQ RI ,QGLDQ (OHFWULFDO (OHFWURQLFV 0DQXIDFWXUHUV· $VVRFLDWLRQ 0HPEHU $XGLW %XUHDX RI &LUFXODWLRQ 7KH ,QGLDQ 1HZVSDSHU 6RFLHW\

6

From the President’s Desk

12

7

Samvaad 12

NION B UDGET 2017-18

Cover story

Progressive on the Macro-Economic Level

Progressive on the macroeconomic level Union Budget 2017- 18 Union Budget 2017- 18 was presented on 1st Feb 2017 with three major reforms ‘merger of Railway Budget’, ‘early release’ and ‘removal of plan and non- plan FODVVLÀFDWLRQ· PDNLQJ LW ÀUVW RI LWV NLQG $PLG KLJK KRSHV WKH EXGJHW announced- could just maintain the momentum gained from the ODVW 8QLRQ %XGJHW 7KH IRFXV RI this year’s budget was farmers, rural population, youth, the poor and underprivileged, infrastructure, digital economy and public service DORQJZLWK ÀQDQFLDO VHFWRU DQG SUXGHQW ÀVFDO PDQDJHPHQW

26

Appointments This new space in the IEEMA Journal will incorporate recent important appointments in the power and related sectors.

8

28

32

State Story

Expert Speak

Controlling AT&C Losses in Rajasthan

Power Theft-will it build darkness in India?

POWER THEFT

Will it build darkness in India?

5DMDVWKDQ ZDV DPRQJVW WKH ÀUVW 6WDWHV WR HPEUDFH 8'$< 7KH &KLHI 0LQLVWHU 0UV 9DVXQGKDUD 5DMH KDV LQLWLDWHG 08.+<$ 0$175, 9,'<87 68'+$5 $%+,<$1 IRU UXUDO DUHDV which shall spearhead the reduction LQ $7& ORVVHV $W WKH VDPH WLPH 7KLV SURJUDPPH ZLOO HQVXUH [ GRPHVWLF VXSSO\ WR UXUDO DUHDV Rajasthan remains committed to SURYLGLQJ [ SRZHU WR UXUDO DUHDV 7KH UHGXFWLRQ LQ $7& /RVVHV LV WR EH EURXJKW GRZQ E\ PDNLQJ WKH Distribution System theft proof in UXUDO DUHDV

,QGLD WKH ODUJHVW GHPRFUDWLF FRXQWU\ of the world, provides shelter to PRUH WKDQ ELOOLRQ SHRSOH ,W LV home to three times the population of the US though geographically RQO\ RQH WKLUG RI LW 7KH LQIUDVWUXFWXUH has been developed enormously VLQFH LWV LQGHSHQGHQFH LQ EXW even now many villages do not have HOHFWULFLW\ 8QLQWHUUXSWHG SRZHU LV GUHDP IRU PRVW RI WKH SRSXODWLRQ ,Q this scenario, strange it may sound about 132 Billion units of electricity LV SLOIHUHG LQ ,QGLD GXULQJ

March 2017

Contents

57

36

In depth Integration of energy storage system for improving wind farm power dispatch

36

52

IEEMA Event

In Focus

Upcoming Event

Storage of Surplus Power – “Challenges”

International Event 41

Special focus Overview of residual current device (RCD), ELCB, for protection against electric 6KRFN DQG ÀUH DV SHU %ULWLVK standards bs7671:2008

Overview of Residual Current Device (RCD), ELCB, for Protection against Electric Shock and Fire As per British Standards BS7671:2008 and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard, IEC 60364

“Electrical Installation for Building”

This article is based on IEE 17th Edition, BS7671:2008. IEE 18th edition BS 7671:2018 will be published in June 2018.

Recent developments in wind energy generation, both technically and economically have led to an increasing deployment of this renewable energy source in the electricity generation cycle in many countries. However it is becoming LQFUHDVLQJO\ GLIÀFXOW WR LJQRUH WKH problems and challenges that arise as the penetration level of wind energy into the electricity networks LQFUHDVHV WR VLJQLÀFDQW SHUFHQWDJH

61 During FY 2015-16, the shortage condition was prevailed in the Country both in terms of energy and peaking availability. As per the CEA Load Generation balance report for FY 2016-17, the country is likely to experience the energy surplus of 1.1% and peak surplus of 2.6%. State-wise power supply position shows that almost half of the states would be either surplus or balanced, and the remaining states would face both peaking and energy shortages in varying degrees

Tech Space How safe are your Safety devices? – SPDs… Importance of IEC 61643-11 Any one would expect a safety device like SPD- Surge protection Device to “fail safely” in case of any abnormalities above the SPD’s limit. Also, situations like Neutral cut or shift in a power supply system is not un-common. There were few LQFLGHQFHV RI 63' H[SORVLRQ ÀUH accidents in India.

How safe are your Safety Devices?

SPDs… Importance of IEC 61643-11

10

March 2017

Contents

65

84

Tech Space

International News

Conceptual Clarifications in Electrical Power Engineering – Part 2

-DSDQHVH ÀUP -(5$ LQYHVWV PQ LQ 5H1HZ 3RZHU ,QGLD 1RUZD\ GLVFXVV LQQRYDWLRQ projects in renewable energy

88

National News Jammu and Kashmir approves 450MW rooftop target and net metering In a power network, transformers that introduce phase shift are present. The most popular vector group in WKLV FDWHJRU\ LV < Çź WUDQVIRUPHU which creates 300 phase shift in voltage and current between two sides of transformer. When balanced SRZHU Ă RZ DQDO\VLV LV GRQH IRU networks having transformers with different vector groups

78

SME Focus

0,1, *5,'6 WR HQG HQHUJ\ poverty

92

Corporate News .(& ,QWHUQDWLRQDO JUDGXDOO\ H[SDQGLQJ IRRWSULQW LQ WKH 6RODU (3& VSDFH +DUWHN *URXS EDJV 363&/ VPDUW grid order for three upcoming 6PDUW &LWLHV

96

Power Scenario 82

Global Scenario Indian Scenario

Out of Box

98

IEEMA Database Basic Prices & Indices Production Statistics

100

IEEMA activities 102

ERDA News 106

Product Showcase 108

Index to Advertisers

Editorial Board Advisory Committee Founder Chairman 0U 5 * .HVZDQL

Chairman 0U 6DQMHHY 6DUGDQD

Members 0U 6XQLO 0LVUD 0U 1DYHHQ .XPDU Mr Mustafa Wajid 0U 9LNUDP *DQGRWUD Mr Vijay Karia 0U 6XQLO 6LQJKYL

Sub Editor 0V 6KDOLQL 6LQJK

Advertisements Incharge 0V 9LG\D &KLNKDOH

Circulation Incharge 0V &KLWUD 7DPKDQNDU

Statistics & Data Incharge 0U 1LQDG 5DQDGH

Designed by: 5HĂ HFWLRQV Processed at: ,QGLD 3ULQWLQJ :RUNV

5HJG 2IĂ€FH 0XPEDL .DNDG &KDPEHUV 'U $ %HVDQW 5RDG :RUOL 0XPEDL 3KRQHV )D[ (PDLO PXPEDL#LHHPD RUJ &RUSRUDWH 2IĂ€FH 1HZ 'HOKL 5LVK\DPRRN %XLOGLQJ )LUVW Ă RRU $ 3DQFKNXLDQ 5RDG 1HZ 'HOKL 3KRQHV )D[ (PDLO GHOKL#LHHPD RUJ %UDQFK 2IĂ€FH %HQJDOXUX 6ZLVV &RPSOH[ 5DFH &RXUVH 5RDG %HQJDOXUX 3KRQHV )D[ (PDLO EDQJDORUH#LHHPD RUJ %UDQFK 2IĂ€FH .RONDWD $ 2VZDO &KDPEHUV &KXUFK /DQH .RONDWD 3KRQHV )D[ (PDLO NRONDWD#LHHPD RUJ Website: www.ieema.in Articles: Technical data presented and views expressed by authors of articles are their own and ,((0$ GRHV QRW DVVXPH DQ\ UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU WKH VDPH ,((0$ -RXUQDO RZQV FRS\ULJKW IRU RULJLQDO DUWLFOHV SXEOLVKHG LQ ,((0$ -RXUQDO Representatives: *XZDKDWL $VVDP 1LODQNKD &KDOLKD (PDLO QLODQNKD FKDOLKD#LHHPD RUJ 0RELOH 5DLSXU &KKDWWLVJDUK 5DNHVK 2MKD (PDLO UDNHVK RMKD#LHHPD RUJ 0RELOH /XFNQRZ 8 3 DQG 8WWDUDNKDQG $MXM .XPDU &KDWXUYHGL (PDLO DQXM FKDWXUYHGL#LHHPD RUJ 0RELOH &KDQGLJDUK 3XQMDE +DU\DQD

%KDUWL %LVKW (PDLO EKDUWL ELVKW#LHHPD RUJ 0RELOH -DLSXU 5DMDVWKDQ

'HYHVK 9\DV (PDLO GHYHVK Y\DV#LHHPD RUJ 0RELOH %KXEDQHVKZDU 2GLVKD

6PUXWL 5DQMDQ 6DPDQWDUD\ (PDLO VPUXWLUDQMDQ VDPDQWDUD\#LHHPD RUJ MobiOH +\GHUDEDG $QGKUD 3UDGHVK

-HVVH $ ,QDSDUWKL (PDLO MHVVH LQDSDUWKL#LHHPD RUJ MobiOH 6ULQDJDU -DPPX .DVKPLU

0RKDPPDG ,UIDQ 3DUUD\ (PDLO LUIDQ SDUUD\#LHHPD RUJ MobiOH

IEEMA Members Helpline No. 022-66605754

(GLWHG 3ULQWHG DQG SXEOLVKHG E\ 0U 6XQLO .XPDU 0LVUD RQ EHKDOI RI ,QGLDQ (OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLFV 0DQXIDFWXUHUV¡ $VVRFLDWLRQ DQG 3ULQWHG DW ,QGLD 3ULQWLQJ :RUNV ,QGLD 3ULQWLQJ +RXVH * ' $PEHNDU 5RDG :DGDOD 0XPEDL DQG 3XEOLVKHG DW .DNDG &KDPEHUV 'U $QQLH %HVDQW 5RDG :RUOL 0XPEDL

March 2017

11

CoverStory

NION B UDGET 2017-18

Progressive on the Macro-Economic Level

nion Budget 2017- 18 was presented on 1st Feb 2017 with three major reforms ‘merger of Railway Budget’, ‘early release’ and ‘removal of plan and nonSODQ FODVVLĂ€FDWLRQ¡ PDNLQJ LW Ă€UVW RI LWV NLQG $PLG KLJK hopes, the budget announced- could just maintain the PRPHQWXP JDLQHG IURP WKH ODVW 8QLRQ %XGJHW 7KH focus of this year’s budget was farmers, rural population, youth, the poor and underprivileged, infrastructure, digital HFRQRP\ DQG SXEOLF VHUYLFH DORQJZLWK Ă€QDQFLDO VHFWRU DQG SUXGHQW Ă€VFDO PDQDJHPHQW

U

$V DQQRXQFHG ,QGLD FRQWLQXHG WR UHPDLQ EULJKW VSRW LQ JOREDO HFRQRP\ &3, LQĂ DWLRQ GHFOLQHG IURP LQ -XO\ WR LQ 'HFHPEHU )DYRXUDEOH SULFH GHYHORSPHQWV UHĂ HFWHG SUXGHQW PDFUR HFRQRPLF management, resulting in higher agricultural production, HVSHFLDOO\ LQ SXOVHV ,QGLD¡V &XUUHQW $FFRXQW 'HĂ€FLW GHFOLQHG IURP DERXW RI *'3 ODVW \HDU WR RI *'3 LQ WKH Ă€UVW KDOI RI )RUHLJQ 'LUHFW ,QYHVWPHQW )', LQFUHDVHG IURP FURUHV LQ WKH Ă€UVW KDOI RI ODVW \HDU WR FURUHV LQ WKH Ă€UVW KDOI RI 7KDW PDUNV DQ LQFUHDVH E\ GHVSLWH UHGXFWLRQ LQ JOREDO )', LQĂ RZV )RUHLJQ H[FKDQJH UHVHUYHV KDG UHDFKHG ELOOLRQ 86 'ROODUV DV RQ WK -DQXDU\ GDP Annual Growth Rate 8

7.3 6.5

7

6.5

7

7.1

Energy Sector Industry 8QGHU WKH FRUSRUDWH WD[ LQ RUGHU WR PDNH 060( companies more viable, there was a proposal to UHGXFH WD[ IRU VPDOO FRPSDQLHV ZLWK D WXUQRYHU RI XS WR 5V FURUH WR $ERXW 5V ODNK FRPSDQLHV IDOO LQ WKDW FDWHJRU\ DQG WKHUHIRUH RI FRPSDQLHV WR JHW WKH EHQHĂ€W ,Q D GULYH WR SURPRWH GLJLWDO ZD\ RI GRLQJ EXVLQHVV D ORZHU UDWH RI IURP WKH H[LVWLQJ ZDV SURSRVHG WR VPDOO FRPSDQLHV KDYLQJ WXUQRYHU OHVV WKDQ 5V FURUH WR WKH H[WHQW WKHLU VDOH SURFHHGV ZHUH UHDOLVHG WKURXJK EDQNLQJ FKDQQHOV 6LPLODUO\ WKH WKUHVKROG IRU PDQGDWRU\ WD[ DXGLW FRPSOLDQFH ZDV UDLVHG WR 5V FURUH ZKLFK ZRXOG HDVH WKH FRPSOLDQFH EXUGHQ

5.7

6

Generation

5 4 3 2 1 0 Actual

12

$PRQJ ÀVFDO UHIRUPV UHFHQW VWHS RI GHPRQHWLVDWLRQ ZDV FRQVLGHUHG DV D EROG DQG GHFLVLYH PHDVXUH 7KH measure virtually stalled the economy, but was then EHOLHYHG WR KDYH D WUDQVLHQW LPSDFW RQ WKH HFRQRP\ :LWK small scale industry hit hard as most of its transactions are in cash, the effects of demonetisation would not VSLOO RYHU WKH FRPLQJ ÀVFDO \HDU DV VWDWHG LQ WKH EXGJHW )XUWKHU LW ZLOO KDYH D VLJQLÀFDQW LPSDFW RQ WKH HFRQRP\ DQG OLYHV RI SHRSOH

Q1/17E

Q2/17E

Q3/17E

Q4/17E

2020E

5V FURUH UHFHLYHG DV HQHUJ\ SURGXFWLRQ EDVHG LQYHVWPHQWV )XUWKHU LW ZDV SURSRVHG WR VHW XS strategic policy for crude reserves and launch trade infra H[SRUW VFKHPH

March 2017

CoverStory

:LWK HPSKDVLV RQ UHQHZDEOH VRXUFHV RI HQHUJ\ DERXW 7,000 stations to be fed with solar power in the medium WHUP )XUWKHU IRU SURPRWLQJ SRZHU SURGXFWLRQ %DVLF &XVWRPV 'XW\ DQG ([FLVH 'XW\ UHGXFHG WR DQG IURP DERXW DQG HDUOLHU UHVSHFWLYHO\ on all items of machinery required for fuel cell based power generating systems to be set up in the country or IRU GHPRQVWUDWLRQ SXUSRVHV VXEMHFW WR FHUWDLQ VSHFLĂ€HG conditions and all items of machinery required for balance of systems operating on biogas/ bio-methane/ by-product K\GURJHQ VXEMHFW WR FHUWDLQ VSHFLĂ€HG FRQGLWLRQV

11

(WK\O $QWKUDTXLQRQH %&' ² > @ IRU XVH LQ manufacture of hydrogen SHUR[LGH VXEMHFW WR DFWXDO user condition

%&' ²

12

9LQ\O 3RO\HWK\OHQH %&' ² *O\FRO 93(* IRU XVH LQ PDQXIDFWXUH RI 3RO\ &DUER[\ODWH (WKHU VXEMHFW to actual user condition

%&' ²

1\ORQ PRQR Ă€ODPHQW \DUQ %&' ² IRU XVH LQ PRQRĂ€ODPHQW ORQJ OLQH V\VWHP IRU 7XQD Ă€VKLQJ VXEMHFW WR FHUWDLQ VSHFLĂ€HG FRQGLWLRQV

%&' ²

&R SRO\PHU FRDWHG 06 WDSHV VWDLQOHVV steel tapes for PDQXIDFWXUH RI VSHFLÀHG telecommunication grade RSWLFDO ÀEUHV RU RSWLFDO ÀEUH FDEOHV VXEMHFW WR actual user condition

0J2 FRDWHG FROG UROOHG %&' ² VWHHO FRLOV > @ IRU use in the manufacture of &5*2 VWHHO VXEMHFW WR actual user condition

+RW 5ROOHG &RLOV > @ IRU use in the manufacture of welded tubes and pipes falling under heading RU VXEMHFW to actual user condition $XWRPRELOHV

17

&OD\ 3RZGHU $OXPD[ IRU %&' ² use in ceramic substrate for catalytic convertors, subject to actual user conditon Renewable (QHUJ\

18

Solar tempered glass for use in the manufacture of solar cells/panels/ modules

19

3DUWV UDZ PDWHULDOV IRU XVH &9' ² in the manufacture of solar tempered glass for use in solar photovoltaic cells/ modules, solar power generating equipment RU V\VWHPV à DW SODWH solar collector, solar photovoltaic module and panel for water pumping and other applications, subject to

20

Resin and catalyst for %&' ² %&' ² use in the manufacture &9' ² &9' ² 1LO 6$' ² 1LO of cast components for 6$' ² :LQG 2SHUDWHG (QHUJ\ *HQHUDWRUV >:2(*@ subject to actual user condition

Customs SN 1

Commodity

Rate of Duty

/LTXHĂ€HG 1DWXUDO *DV &KHPLFDOV 3HWURFKHPLFDOV

From

7R

%&' ²

%&' ²

2

0HGLXP 4XDOLW\ 7HUHSKWKDOLF $FLG 07$ 4XDOLĂ€HG 7HUHSKWKDOLF $FLG 47$

%&' ²

%&' ²

1LFNHO

%&' ²

%&' ² 1LO

%&' ²

%&' ²

Finished Leather

7

Vegetable tanning H[WUDFWV QDPHO\ :DWWOH H[WUDFW DQG 0\UREDODQ IUXLW H[WUDFW Ball screws, linear motion JXLGHV DQG &1& V\VWHPV for use in the manufacture RI &1& PDFKLQH WRROV subject to actual user condition

Ball screws %&' ² and liner motion JXLGHV %&' ² &1& systems %&' ² $OO LWHPV RI PDFKLQHU\ %&' ² %&' ² required for fuel cell &9' ² &9' ² based power generating systems to be set up in the country or for demonstration purposes, VXEMHFW WR FHUWDLQ VSHFLĂ€HG conditions $OO LWHPV RI PDFKLQHU\ %&' ² %&' ² required for balance of &9' ² &9' ² systems operating on biogas/ bio- methane/ by-product hydrogen, VXEMHFW WR FHUWDLQ VSHFLĂ€HG conditions

8

$OO SDUWV IRU XVH LQ WKH $SSOLFDEOH PDQXIDFWXUH RI /(' OLJKWV %&' &9' RU À[WXUHV LQFOXGLQJ /(' lamps, subject to actual user condition

%&' ²

9

$OO LQSXWV IRU XVH LQ WKH $SSOLFDEOH %&' PDQXIDFWXUH RI /(' 'ULYHU DQG 0&3&% IRU /(' OLJKWV RU À[WXUHV LQFOXGLQJ /(' lamps, subject to actual user condition

&9' ²

10

o-Xylene

%&' ²

%&' ² 1LO

March 2017

%&' ² 1LO

%&' ²

%&' ²

%&' ²

%&' ²

%&' ²

%&' ²

%&' ² 1LO

&9' ²

13

CoverStory

21

22

Membrane Sheet and CVD – 12.5% CVD – 6% Tricot / Spacer for use in the manufacture of RO membrane element for KRXVHKROG W\SH ÀOWHUV subject to actual user condition &DVKHZ QXW URDVWHG BCD – 30% BCD – 45% salted or roasted and salted Electronics / Hardware

23

Populated Printed Circuit SAD – Nil SAD – 2% Boards (PCBs) for use in the manufacture of PRELOH SKRQHV VXEMHFW to actual user condition Miscellaneous 24 RO membrane element for BCD – 7.5% BCD – 10% KRXVHKROG W\SH ÀOWHUV 25 a) miniaturized POS card Applicable BCD – Nil CVD – Nil reader for m-POS (not %&' &9' SAD SAD – Nil including mobile phones RU WDEOHW FRPSXWHU b) Micro ATM as per VWDQGDUGV YHUVLRQ c) Finger Print Reader 6FDQQHU DQG G ,ULV Scanner 26 Parts and components Applicable BCD – Nil CVD – Nil for manufacture of: a) %&' &9' SAD SAD – Nil miniaturized POS card reader for m-POS (not including mobile phones RU WDEOHW FRPSXWHU b) micro ATM as per VWDQGDUGV YHUVLRQ c) Finger Print Reader 6FDQQHU DQG G ,ULV Scanner ,PSRVLWLRQ RI H[SRUW GXW\ WR FRQVHUYH GRPHVWLF UHVRXUFHV 27

2WKHU DOXPLQLXP RUHV including laterite

Nil

15%

2

Cigarillos

3

Cigarettes of tobacco substitutes Cigarillos of tobacco substitutes

4

29

De-minimis customs GXWLHV H[HPSWLRQ OLPLW IRU goods imported through SDUFHOV SDFNHWV DQG letters Limit of duty free import of eligible items

Duty payable QRW H[FHHGLQJ Rs.100 per consignment

&,) YDOXH QRW H[FHHGLQJ Rs.1000 per consignment

3% of FOB

5% of FOB

5

Others of tobacco substitutes

6

Paper rolled biris – handmade

Rs.21 per thousand

7

Paper rolled biris –

Rs.21 per thousand

Rs.78 per thousand

8

All items of machinery 12.5% required for balance of systems operating on biogas/ bio- methane/ byproduct hydrogen Membrane Sheet and 12.5% Tricot/Spacer for use in the manufacture of RO membrane element for KRXVHKROG W\SH ÀOWHUV subject to actual user condition All parts for use in the Applicable duty manufacture of LED lights RU À[WXUHV LQFOXGLQJ /(' ODPSV VXEMHFW WR DFWXDO user condition

9

10

11

CVD – Nil

CVD – 12.5%

Anti-avoidance measure 30

6LOYHU PHGDOOLRQ VLOYHU FRLQV KDYLQJ VLOYHU FRQWHQW QRW EHORZ VHPL manufactured form of silver and articles of silver

12

Excise SN

1

14

Commodity

Cigar and cheroots

Rate of Duty From

To

12.5% or Rs.3755 per WKRXVDQG whichever is higher

12.5% or Rs.4006 per WKRXVDQG whichever is higher

12.5% or Rs.3755 per WKRXVDQG whichever is higher 12.5% or Rs.3755 per WKRXVDQG whichever is higher

12.5% or Rs.4006 per WKRXVDQG whichever is higher 12.5% or Rs.4006 per WKRXVDQG whichever is higher Rs.28 per thousand

,PSURYLQJ HDVH RI GRLQJ EXVLQHVV DQG ([SRUW 3URPRWLRQ 28

12.5% or 12.5% or Rs.3755 per Rs.4006 per WKRXVDQG WKRXVDQG whichever is whichever is higher higher Rs.3755 per Rs.4006 per thousand thousand

13

a) Waste and scrap Nil of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals arising in course of manufacture of goods failing in Chapter 71 b) 6WULSV ZLUHV VKHHWV SODWHV and foils of silver c) Articles RI VLOYHU MHZHOOHU\ RWKHU than those studded with GLDPRQG UXE\ HPHUDOG RU sapphire d) Silver coin of SXULW\ DQG DERYH bearing a brand a) Miniaturized POS card Applicable duty reader for m-POS (not including mobile phones or WDEOHW FRPSXWHUV E PLFUR ATM as per standards YHUVLRQ F )LQJHU 3ULQW G ,ULV 6FDQQHU 5HDGHU 6FDQQHU DQG Parts and components Applicable duty for manufacture of: a) Miniaturized POS card reader for m-POS (not including mobile phones RU WDEOHW FRPSXWHUV E Micro ATM as per c) Finger 3ULQW 5HDGHU 6FDQQHU DQG VWDQGDUGV YHUVLRQ G ,ULV 6FDQQHU

March 2017

6%

6%

6%

1LO VXEMHFW WR the condition that no credit of duty paid on inputs or input services or capital goods has been availed by manufacturer of such goods

Nil

Nil

CoverStory

Distribution $V WDUJHWHG YLOODJH HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\ VW 0D\ ZLWK LQFUHDVHG DOORFDWLRQ RI 5V FURUHV XQGHU WKH 'HHQGD\DO 8SDGKD\D\ *UDP -\RWL <RMDQD $OORFDWLRQ IRU ,PSRUWDQW 6FKHPHV ,Q &URUHV RI 5XSHHV

6 QR 1DPH RI VFKHPH

%(

5(

%(

1

0DKDWPD *DQGKL 1DWLRQDO 5XUDO (PSOR\PHQW *XDUDQWHH 3URJUDPPH

3UDGKDQ 0DQWUL $ZDV <RMQD

3

1DWLRQDO 5XUDO 'ULQNLQJ :DWHU 0LVVLRQ

1DWLRQDO 6RFLDO $VVLVWDQFH 3URJDPPH

3UDGKDQ 0DQWUL *UDP 6DGDN <RMQD

1DWLRQDO (GXFDWLRQ 0LVVLRQ LQFOXGLQJ 6DUYD 6KLNVKD $EKL\DQ

1DWLRQDO 3URJUDPPH RI 0LG 'D\ 0HDO LQ 6FKRROV

10000

,QWHJUDWHG &KLOG 'HYHORSPHQW 6HUYLFHV

1DWLRQDO +HDOWK 0LVVLRQ

10

6ZDFKK %KDUDW 0LVVLRQ

11300

11

1DWLRQDO /LYHOLKRRG 0LVVLRQ ² $MHHYLND

8UEDQ 5HMXYHQDWLRQ 0LVVLRQ $0587 6PDUW &LWLHV 0LVVLRQ

13

*UHHQ 5HYROXWLRQ

:KLWH 5HYROXWLRQ

%OXH 5HYROXWLRQ

3UDGKDQ 0DQWUL .ULVKL 6LQFKDL <RMDQD 30.6< DJJUHJDWHG DFURVV WKUHH PLQLVWULHV

0LVVLRQ IRU (PSRZHUPHQW DQG 3URWHFWLRQ IRU :RPHQ

(QYLURQPHQW )RUHVWU\ DQG :LOGOLIH

(PSOR\PHQW *HQHUDWLRQ 3URJUDPPHV RWKHU WKDQ 0*15(*6 LQFOXGLQJ 30 .DXVKDO 9LNDV <RMDQD $78)6 30 0XGUD <RMDQD 30(*3 DQG $63,5(

3UDGKDQ 0DQWUL )DVDO %LPD <RMDQD

2SWLFDO )LEUH &DEOH EDVHG QHWZRUN IRU 'HIHQFH 6HUYLFHV

3000

3ULFH 6WDELOLVDWLRQ )XQG IRU SXOVHV

%KDUDWQHW

0

10000

0HWUR 3URMHFWV

10000

5HFDSLWDOL]DWLRQ RI 3XEOLF 6HFWRU %DQNV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH ,QGUDGKDQXVK VFKHPH

10000

,QWHJUDWHG 3RZHU 'HYHORSPHQW 6FKHPH DQG 'HHQ 'D\DO 8SDGK\D\D *UDP -\RWL <RMQD

1DPDPL *DQJH 1DWLRQDO *DQJD 3ODQ

6DJDUPDOD

/3* FRQQHFWLRQ WR SRRU KRXVHKROGV

16

March 2017

CoverStory

Energy/ Non- Energy Sector Affordable Housing h Three concessions in the scheme of Income Tax exemption for affordable housing: ‡ Area of 30 and 60 Sqm. to be counted as carpet area and not built-up area; ‡ 30 Sqm. only in 4 metropolitan city limits and 60 Sqm. for the rest of the country; ‡ Completion period extended from 3 years to 5 years h Tax on Notional rental income for builders to be calculated only after 1 year from the end of the year in ZKLFK FRPSOHWLRQ FHUWLÀFDWH LV UHFHLYHG h &KDQJHV LQ &DSLWDO *DLQ WD[DWLRQ IRU LPPRYDEOH properties: ‡ Holding period reduce for computation of long term capital gain from three years to two years ‡ Base year for counting the cost of property shifted from 1.4.1981 to 1.4.2001 for all classes of assets LQFOXGLQJ LPPRYDEOH SURSHUW\ h %DVNHW RI ÀQDQFLDO LQVWUXPHQW LQ ZKLFK FDSLWDO JDLQ FDQ EH LQYHVWHG ZLWKRXW SD\PHQW RI WD[ WR EH H[SDQGHG h )RU MRLQW GHYHORSPHQW DJUHHPHQW WKH OLDELOLW\ WR SD\ capital gain tax will arise in the year in which project is completed. h )RU $QGKUD 3UDGHVK FDSLWDO ODQG EHORQJLQJ WR RZQHUV as on 2.6.2014 to be exempted from capital gain if the same is offered under land- pooling mechanism.

Promoting Digital Economy h ,Q WKH SUHVXPSWLYH LQFRPH WD[ IRU VPDOO WUDGHUV LQFRPH WR EH WDNHQ DV RI WXUQRYHU ZKLFK LV UHFHLYHG by digital or banking means. h Cash expenditure allowable to be reduced to 5V IURP WKH H[LVWLQJ 5V h &DVK WUDQVDFWLRQ RI DERYH 5V ODNK QRW WR EH SHUPLWWHG 7KH SHQDOW\ RI HTXDO DPRXQW WR EH OHYLHG in case of breach.

Ease of Doing Business h Domestic transfer pricing to be applied only if one RI WKH WZR FRPSDQLHV HQMR\V VSHFLÀHG SURÀW OLQNHG deduction. h The audit limit for business entities opting for SUHVXPSWLYH VFKHPH WR EH LQFUHDVHG IURP 5V FURUH to Rs.2 crore. h ,QGLYLGXDOV DQG +8)V QRW UHTXLUHG WR NHHS ERRNV RI DFFRXQWV LI WKHLU WXUQRYHU LV XS WR 5V ODNKV RU income is upto Rs.2.5 lakhs. h ,QYHVWPHQW LQ &DWHJRU\ DQG IRUHLJQ SRUWIROLR LQYHVWRUV UHJLVWHUHG ZLWK 6(%, WR EH H[HPSWHG IURP SURYLVLRQV RI LQGLUHFW WUDQVIHU h 7'6 RI QRW WR EH GHGXFWHG IRU LQGLYLGXDO insurance agents if they certify their income to be below taxable limit. h 3URIHVVLRQDOV LQ SUHVXPSWLYH VFKHPH WR SD\ DGYDQFH tax only in one instalment in March instead of four.

18

h 7KH WLPH OLPLW IRU UHYLVLQJ D WD[ UHWXUQ UHGXFHG WR 12 months. Also time limit for completion of scrutiny will be brought down to 12 months from Assessment Year 2019-20 onwards.

Measures for stimulating growth h Concessional withholding rate of 5 per cent. for LQWHUHVW UHFHLYHG E\ IRUHLJQ HQWLWLHV RQ ORDQV JLYHQ in India to be continued for another 3 years beyond 30.6.2017. h Start-ups to get two relaxations under the scheme of ,QFRPH 7D[ KROLGD\ JLYHQ ODVW \HDU ‡ The condition of continuous holding of 51% YRWLQJ ULJKWV WR EH UHOD[HG DV ORQJ DV WKH RULJLQDO LQYHVWPHQW RI SURPRWHU LV QRW GLOXWHG ‡ ([HPSWLRQ DYDLODEOH IRU WKUHH \HDUV RXW RI DQ\ years from the date of establishment instead of 3 out of 5 years h The period of carry forward of MAT/AMT credit increased from 10 years to 15 years. h The corporate income tax to be reduced from 30% WR IRU FRPSDQLHV ZLWK WXUQRYHU XSWR 5V FURUH LQ 7KLV ZLOO EHQHÀW RI H[LVWLQJ ODNK FRPSDQLHV 7KLV ZLOO UHVXOW LQWR WD[ VDYLQJ RI for these companies. h 'HGXFWLRQ IRU SURYLVLRQ IRU 13$ RI %DQNV WR EH LQFUHDVHG IURP WR LQVWHDG RI RI SURÀW h ,Q FDVH RI 13$ RI QRQ VFKHGXOHG FRRSHUDWLYH EDQNV interest to be recognised as income only when UHFHLYHG

Transparency in Electoral Funding h The cash donation to political parties from one person OLPLWHG WR 5V h (OHFWRUDO %RQG WR EH LQWURGXFHG IRU IDFLOLWDWLQJ donation to political parties from explained sources. h 3ROLWLFDO SDUWLHV WR ÀOH WKHLU UHWXUQ LQ WLPH OLPLW prescribed in the Income Tax Act.

Personal Income Tax h Personal income tax for people with income in the slab of 2.5 lakh to 5 lakh to be reduced to 5% instead of 10%. This will reduce their tax liability to half while all RWKHU WD[ SD\HUV DERYH WKLV VODE ZLOO DOVR EH EHQHÀWHG LQ WHUPV RI OHVVHU WD[ RI 5V SHU LQGLYLGXDO UHYHQXH ORVV RI5V FURUHV

March 2017

CoverStory

Surcharge of 10% to be levied on individuals with income between Rs.50 lakhs to Rs.1 crore (revenue gain of Rs.2,700 crore).

h

Others h TCS exemption for state transport corporation in respect of purchase of vehicles. h Income of Chief Minister’s relief fund exempt from tax. h Penalty on accountant, registered valuer and merchant banker for furnishing incorrect information. h ,Q RUGHU WR HQVXUH WLPHO\ ÀOLQJ RI UHWXUQ DQG H[SHGLWLRXV LVVXH RI UHIXQG D IHH VKDOO EH OHYLHG IRU GHOD\ LQ ÀOLQJ of return.

Mr. Gagan Vermani, the CEO & Founder of MYSUN “Transform. Energise. Clean India.â€? Arun Jaitley just announced a remarkable budget with markets responding quite positively. Purely from a renewable energy perspective, we haven’t seen any major announcements apart from a 20GW phase 2 of the Solar Mission and 7000 railway stations to be covered under the Solar Mission. It is not clear if this 20GW is in addition to the 100GW solar target by 2022 or included in the same. However, three events can have a major impact on the solar sector indirectly. One, there is a huge push on infrastructure spending (almost Rs 4 lac crores allocated). Second, the government seems committed to reignite the real estate sector. The target to build 1 crore new homes should mandate usage of a 1kW solar system per home as each of these homes will need power. That itself will add 10GW rooftop solar. Third, the enhancement of the carry forward duration of MAT from 10 years to 15 years and the rationalization of corporate tax for companies with a turnover less than Rs. 50 crore ZRXOG OHDG WR LQFUHDVHG SURĂ€WV IRU D ORW RI VPDOO sized solar installers, which could potentially lead to SDVVLQJ RQ RI VRPH RI WKLV EHQHĂ€W WR WKH HQG XVHUV effectively reducing solar system prices. The FM also WDONV DERXW DFKLHYLQJ YLOODJH HOHFWULĂ€FDWLRQ E\ May 2018, and a lot of it could be achieved from solar mini grids and other small solar installations. Apart from this, there isn’t much for the renewable industry to cheer about. We would have loved to see the Finance Minister slightly tweak his budget agenda as “Transform India with Clean Energyâ€?

20

Vikram Aggarwal, Managing Director, Virtuaal Infra Power “The Union budget 2017 gives a lot of impetus to rural spending and roads which will in the long term boost up the economy. The reduction in income tax to MSME will EHQHĂ€W DOO FRUSRUDWHV DFURVV sectors. However, the budget lacks any major stimulus for the manufacturing sector DQG WKHUH DUH QR PDMRU SROLF\ UHIRUPV RU EHQHĂ€WV 7KH hydro sector has been languishing and was expecting a boost with priority lending, tax holiday. We hope MNRE and associated ministries will pick up the mantle and encourage Hydro Power Projects in the country.â€? Mr VP Mahendru, CMD, EON Electric says,“The Union Budget 2017-18 has come up with some interesting steps when it comes to the LED lighting industry. With rural development being one of the major focuses for 2017-18, there has been an increased allocation IRU WKH UXUDO HOHFWULĂ€FDWLRQ ZKLFK ZLOO LQ WXUQ EHQHĂ€W WKH manufacturing and sale of the electrical appliances. I strongly feel that it is a bold move by the government WR SXW D WDUJHW RI SHUFHQW HOHFWULĂ€FDWLRQ RI YLOODJHV by May 2018. The provision for 5 per cent tax exemption for companies whose turnover is less than INR 50cr is also commendable.â€? “The budget should have also targeted incentives and concessional interest rates for manufactures of LED Lighting products and projects keeping in mind that LED lighting can play a big role in enabling implementation of our government’s vision of 100 per cent rural HOHFWULĂ€FDWLRQ DQG HQHUJ\ FRQVHUYDWLRQ (VWDEOLVKPHQW of SEZs (Special Economic Zones) for the LED lighting industry continues to be a critical priority for the industryâ€? Mr Anil Chaudhry, Country President and Managing Director, Schneider Electric India. “With India being the Ă€IWK ODUJHVW HQHUJ\ FRQVXPHU in the world, the country needs to make a concerted effort in promoting energy HIĂ€FLHQF\ E\ UHGXFLQJ its dependence on fossil fuels and curtailing carbon footprints. While access to energy is a basic human right, we need to make it sustainable. Today’s budget gave a clear indication of the government’s focus to achieve ‘sustainable energy for all’, with two of its critical steps; Ă€UVWO\ E\ SURYLGLQJ D ERRVW WR UXUDO HOHFWULĂ€FDWLRQ

March 2017

CoverStory

with a 25% increase in the outlay for key power schemes like Integrated Power Development Scheme and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojna. This is H[SHFWHG WR IDVW WUDFN WKH UXUDO HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ GULYH RI WKH Government, which is now planned to be completed by May 1, 2018. Secondly, by strengthening its focus on UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ IRUPV ZLWK WKH LQà RZ RI DQRWKHU *: LQ WKH QH[W ÀVFDO This however, will require investments in grid management and digitisation of the grid to ensure supply of quality reliable and safe power. It is important to stress that DORQJ ZLWK UXUDO HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ LW LV HTXDOO\ LPSRUWDQW to provide reliable and quality power which requires investments towards modernisation of the country’s transmission and distribution power networks and use of digitisation in grid management.� Mr. Sachin Sharma, CEO, GEM Enviro Management Overall it’s a good budget with no major changes. Though the Textile sector has not EHHQ VSHFLÀFDOO\ PHQWLRQHG but following aspects will favor the sector: h Reduction in corporate tax rate from 30% to 25% for companies where turnover is less than Rs. 50 crore is expected to enable the MSME companies in Textile sector. This will help them allocate their resources in expansion and growth and is therefore a welcome step in that perspective. h Reduction in personal tax rate in the slab Rs 2.5 lacs to Rs 3.0 lacs will increase the disposal income of individuals which will empower them with better assets. This in turn will increase their purchasing power and lead to increased consumption and procurement of goods and apparels. h No tax hikes again is a relief for the industry.� Mr Sanjeev Saini –Director (Technical), Su-Kam Honestly when our KRQRXUDEOH ÀQDQFH PLQLVWHU Arun Jaitley announced the series of measures in Budget 2017-18 to promote clean energy, access to power and energy security, we as a company are looking forward about its future scope. This thought will result in 20 JLJDZDWWV *: RI VRODU FDSDFLW\ DGGLWLRQ WR ZKLFK LW ZLOO DGG RQ WR KLJKHU VSHQGLQJ RQ UXUDO HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ Su Kam would be standing with Mr Jaitley’s initiative of IXOO HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ RI YLOODJHV ZKLFK ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG in 2015 & that will be achieved by 1 March 2018, for ZKLFK DQ H[WUD 5V FURUH ZLOO EH VSHQW LQ WKH QH[W

22

Ă€QDQFLDO \HDU $OVR ZLWK WKH DQQRXQFHPHQW RI VHWWLQJ XS RI *: RI VRODU SRZHU FDSDFLW\ DQG IHHGLQJ railway stations with solar power, giving a major impetus to the shift to clean energy. “Solar energy initiatives, with the help of our government policies and the depreciating global prices, is now at an escalating point where it can compete on its own against other forms of conventional energy sources,â€? Mr. Julian Bevis, Senior Director, South Asia, Maersk Group “India has the opportunity to increase its share in global trade. A 10 percent reduction in trade costs can boost the country’s competitiveness and contribute additional revenues of up to US $ 5.5 billion annually. In that regard, Maersk welcomes the Budget’s proposed increase in expenditure on infrastructure for improving coastal road connectivity from ports to the hinterland, expanding railway connectivity, introducing end-to-end integrated transport solutions in partnership with logistics players, and encouraging public private partnerships for airport developments in certain smaller cities. These efforts complemented by timely implementation of GST, building of multi modal parks, increased emphasis on digitisation for greater transparency and the introduction of a trade infrastructure export scheme will all collectively boost quicker inland movement of cargo. In turn this will help reduce hidden costs of trade and improve India’s global trade opportunity. Maersk supports the Government’s efforts and is FRPPLWWHG WR ZRUNLQJ ZLWK LW WR EULQJ WKH EHQHĂ€WV RI WKHVH proposals to the trade.â€? Mr. Vimal Kejriwal, MD & CEO, KEC International Ltd, said, “The crux of the budget can be captured as ‘progressive on the macroeconomic level’. Some positives revealed which augers well for us include; On Infrastructure front, overall infrastructure allocation at Rs. 3.96 lakh crore, increase in capital outlay for Railways to 1.31 lakh crore, proposed commissioning of 3500 kms of Railway Lines for 2017-18 in addition to 2800 kms in 2016-17, redevelopment of 25 stations, modernization & upgradation of corridors, roll out of new Metro policy and elimination of unmanned level crossing which is expected to result in construction opportunities for over and under bridges. On Power T&D front, the increase in PGCIL’s Annual Capital Outlay to Rs. 25000 crore is expected to

March 2017

CoverStory

provide an impetus to the sector; also complete village HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ E\ 0D\ ZRXOG UHVXOW LQ LQFUHDVH LQ GHPDQG IRU SRZHU WKHUHE\ QHFHVVLWDWLQJ DXJPHQWLQJ WKH T&D infrastructure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ÁHFWV JRYHUQPHQW·V FRPPLWPHQW WRZDUGV DFFRPSOLVKLQJ WKH REMHFWLYH RI 7UDQVIRUPLQJ (QHUJL]LQJ DQG &OHDQLQJ ,QGLD µ Mr Vijay Karia, &0' 5DYLQ *URXS RI &RPSDQLHV UHDFWHG “The immediate reaction to WKH DQQRXQFHG 8QLRQ %XGJHW is one of slight disappointment DV PD\ EH WKH H[SHFWDWLRQV from the Government are huge and a lot more could DQG VKRXOG KDYH EHHQ GRQH WR GULYH JURZWK 7KH SRVLWLYHV DUH ,QFUHDVH WKUXVW RQ WKH UXUDO VHJPHQW DQG DIIRUGDEOH housing. Though GST is H[SHFWHG VKRUWO\ RQH ZRXOG KDYH H[SHFWHG VRPH UDGLFDO UHIRUPV LQ WKH ,QGLUHFW WD[HV DQG VLPSOLÀFDWLRQ RI UXOHV 6RPH RI WKH KDUVK ODZV DQG VZHHSLQJ SRZHUV JLYHQ WR ,QFRPH 7D[ RIÀ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

The budget is neutral to slightly positive towards the Power sector. The negatives are:-

h $SDUW IURP WKH 8'$< VFKHPH ZKLFK LV MXVW QRW WDNLQJ RII WR WKH GHVLUHG H[WHQW WKHUH LV QR ÀVFDO UHOLHI LQ VLJKW IRU WKH VWUXJJOLQJ ',6&206 h 3/) LV ORZ DQG ,QGXVWULDO FRQVXPSWLRQ KDV QRW SLFNHG XS WKHUHIRUH WKH 6HFWRU ZLOO FRQWLQXH WR VWUXJJOH IRU some more time. h 7KH 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ VHFWRU LV VHHLQJ VRPH ÀQDQFLDOO\ ORZ UDWHV DQG DOZD\V LW LV D QHZ VHW RI SHRSOH ZKR HPHUJH 7KXV VXVWDLQDELOLW\ LV D ELJ TXHVWLRQ PDUN h :LWK VXFK ORZ UDWHV IRU 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ DQG YHU\ ORZ UDWH RI JURZWK IRU WKH WKHUPDO VHJPHQW WKH VHFWRU LV JRLQJ WR VWUXJJOH WLOO UDSLG LQGXVWULDOL]DWLRQ FRPHV LQ h 3/) DQG 3HU &DSLWD &RQVXPSWLRQ QHHGV WR EH LQFUHDVHG VXEVWDQWLDOO\ WR KDYH IXUWKHU LQYHVWPHQW LQ this segment.

There are however a few positive points h 7KRXJK 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ VHJPHQW KDV VHHQ PRUH WDON WKDQ DFWLRQ DW OHDVW WKLV VHJPHQW KDV VHHQ VRPH VKRRWV RI JURZWK h $IWHU GHFDGHV D VHQVLEOH 3RZHU 0LQLVWHU LV WDONLQJ DERXW ORZ UDWHV IRU KLJKHU FRQVXPSWLRQ RI (OHFWULFLW\ h 7KH EXGJHW IRFXVHV D ORW RQ 5XUDO (OHFWULÀFDWLRQ ZLWK D WDUJHW RI UXUDO HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ E\ h $WOHDVW DIWHU \HDUV RI ,QGHSHQGHQFH DOO YLOODJHV LQ ,QGLD ZRXOG JHW HOHFWULÀHG WKRXJK VRPH RI WKHP ZRXOG EH RQ D VNHOHWDO EDVLV h There is an increased focus on infrastructure spending ZKLFK KDV D EXGJHW RI 5V WULOOLRQ LQ DQG LQFUHDVH RI RI WKH SUHYLRXV ÀVFDO h 7DONLQJ DERXW WKH LPSDFW RI %XGJHW RQ GRPHVWLF HOHFWULFDO HTXLSPHQW ,QGXVWU\ h $Q LQFUHDVH RI DOORFDWLRQ IRU LQIUDVWUXFWXUH VHJPHQW ZRXOG VHH D OLNHO\ LQFUHDVH LQ HOHFWULFLW\ GHPDQG h *URZWK RI HOHFWULFDO YHKLFOHV DQG HOHFWUR PRELOLW\ ZRXOG VHH WKH (OHFWULFLW\ VHJPHQW OHDS IURJJLQJ ERWK LQ WHUPV RI WHFKQRORJ\ DV ZHOO DV DFFHVVLELOLW\ DQG DYDLODELOLW\ h 6LJQLÀFDQW ULVH LQ DOORFDWLRQ XQGHU WKH 0RGLÀHG 6SHFLDO ,QFHQWLYH 3DFNDJH 6FKHPH 0 6,36 DQG WKH (OHFWURQLFV 'HYHORSPHQW )XQG (') ZKLFK SURYLGHV FDSLWDO VXEVLG\ RI XS WR SHU FHQW LV H[SHFWHG WR EHQHÀW PDMRU GRPHVWLF HOHFWURQLF LQGXVWU\ DV ZHOO DV 6RODU &HOO DQG 0RGXOH PDQXIDFWXUHV h 0DNH LQ ,QGLD 3URJUDPPH FRXSOHG ZLWK 'LJLWDO ,QGLD DQG 6NLOO ,QGLD ZRXOG VHH D ULVH LQ 'RPHVWLF ,QGXVWULDO SURGXFWLRQ DV ZHOO DV LQFUHDVH LQ ,QGLD·V FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV DQG TXDOLW\ LQ WKH ZRUOG PDUNHWV 7KLV ZLOO IXUWKHU VHH D ULVH LQ ,QGXVWULDOL]DWLRQ DQG WKHUHIRUH EHQHÀW WKH HOHFWULFDO LQGXVWU\ h /RW RI REVROHWH HTXLSPHQW ZRXOG KDYH WR EH UHSODFHG WR NHHS WHFKQRORJLFDOO\ DEUHDVW RI DOO WKH QHZ VFKHPHV DQG WKLV VKRXOG JLYH D ELJ ERRVW WR WKH (OHFWULFDO ,QGXVWU\ Ɠ - Shalini Singh, IEEMA

h 7KH VHFWRU LV VWUXJJOLQJ ZLWK ORWV RI 13$·V

24

March 2017

APPOINTMENTS Mr MK Goel appointed as JERC chairperson Former chairman of Power Finance Corp MK Goel has been appointed as chairperson of Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission (JERC) for Goa and Union Territories. Goel, an electrical engineer, has over 36 years of experience in the power sector.

Mr Anand Kumar Gupta as Director (Commercial), NTPC Ltd NTPC has informed that in pursuance of Article 41 of the Articles of Association of NTPC Limited, Ministry of Power YLGH LWV 2IÀFH 2UGHU GDWHG )HE KDV FRQYH\HG the approval of the Competent Authority for appointment of Shri Anand Kumar Gupta, Executive Director, NTPC as Director (Commercial) of NTPC Limited for a period of ÀYH \HDUV

Mr Natarajan Chandrasekaran appointed Chairman Tata Power Tata Power, India’s largest integrated power company, announced the appointment of Natarajan Chandrasekaran as the Chairman and Additional 'LUHFWRU RI WKH FRPSDQ\ HIIHFWLYH )HEUXDU\ Chandrasekaran is the Chairman designate of Tata Sons Limited and currently the CEO and Managing Director of Tata Consultancy Services, a leading global IT solutions DQG FRQVXOWLQJ ÀUP

Adani appoints Jennifer Purdie as CEO for rewnewable energy unit in Australia Indian energy giant Adani Group has appointed Jennifer 3XUGLH DV WKH &KLHI ([HFXWLYH 2IĂ€FHU &(2 IRU LWV renewable energy business unit in Australia in a bid to drive its plans to become the largest renewable energy player in the country. Adani Australia country-head and CEO, Jeyakumar Janakaraj, said the appointment of 3XUGLH LV D VLJQLĂ€FDQW VWHS IRU WKH FRPSDQ\ LQ $XVWUDOLD

Mr Arun Kumar appointed Secretary, Ministry of Mines Mr Arun Kumar, IAS (AM:83), Special Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment has been appointed

26

as Secretary, Ministry of Mines on superannuation of the present incumbent Mr Balvender Kumar, IAS(UP:81)

Mr Binoy Kumar appointed Director General, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D), Department of Commerce & Industry Mr Binoy Kumar, IAS(TG:83) Director General, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, has been appointed as Director General, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D), Ministry of Commerce & Industry in the rank and pay of Secretary, by temporarily upgrading the post for a period of two years on until further orders.

Mr R Shridharan appointed Member (Finance), Space Commission Mr R. Sridharan, IAS (KN:83), Special Secretary, Ministry of Mines, has been appointed as Member (Finance), Space Commission, in the rank and pay of Secretary, by restoring the post to the level of Secretary.

Mr. Usman Gur Mohammed appointed interim Managing Director/ Chief Executive Officer of the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) Nigeria has appointed Mr. Usman Gur Mohammed as the new interim Managing Director/ Chief Executive 2IĂ€FHU RI WKH 7UDQVPLVVLRQ &RPSDQ\ RI 1LJHULD 7&1 Mr. Mohammed is on secondment from the Africa Development Bank (AFDB), the Minister of Power, Works & Housing, Babatunde Raji Fashola, said.

Janine North appointed as Board of Directors at Conifex Timber Inc. Conifex Timber Inc. (“Conifex�) has announced that Janine North has joined its Board of Directors. Ms. North has extensive background and experience in the resource sector, particularly in the northern interior region of British Columbia.

March 2017

StateHighlight

DMDVWKDQ ZDV DPRQJVW WKH ÀUVW 6WDWHV WR HPEUDFH 8'$< +RQ EOH &KLHI 0LQLVWHU 6PW 9DVXQGKDUD 5DMH LQLWLDWHG 08.+<$ 0$175, 9,'<87 68'+$5 $%+,<$1 IRU UXUDO DUHDV ZKLFK VKDOO VSHDUKHDG WKH UHGXFWLRQ LQ $7& ORVVHV $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKLV SURJUDPPH ZLOO HQVXUH [ GRPHVWLF VXSSO\ WR UXUDO DUHDV

R

5DMDVWKDQ UHPDLQV FRPPLWWHG WR SURYLGLQJ [ SRZHU WR UXUDO DUHDV 7KH UHGXFWLRQ LQ $7& /RVVHV LV WR EH EURXJKW GRZQ E\ PDNLQJ WKH 'LVWULEXWLRQ 6\VWHP WKHIW SURRI LQ UXUDO DUHDV 7DEOH $7& /RVVHV FY )< )< )< )< )< )< )< )< )< 'HF· $7 & /RVV

7KH ORVV UHGXFWLRQ HIIRUWV KDYH EHHQ ELIXUFDWHG LQWR ,QGXVWULDO 8UEDQ $JULFXOWXUDO DQG UXUDO 'RPHVWLF VXSSO\ *HQHUDOO\ VSHDNLQJ WKH $7& /RVVHV RI ,QGXVWULDO $UHDV DQG 8UEDQ $UHDV DUH ZLWKLQ FRQWURO +RZHYHU ORVVHV IURP 5XUDO )HHGHUV KDYH D VWXEERUQ WHQGHQF\ WR UHPDLQ KLJK 5DMDVWKDQ KDV WKH ODUJHVW JHRJUDSKLFDO DUHD DPRQJVW 6WDWHV LQ ,QGLD 7KH ORDG LQ WKH UXUDO IHHGHUV KDV PXOWLSOLHG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ ,Q HDUOLHU \HDUV ORDG ZDV SULPDULO\ IRU DJULFXOWXUH WXEH ZHOO FRQQHFWLRQV EXW LQ UHFHQW \HDUV /DFV RI FRQQHFWLRQV KDYH EHHQ LVVXHG WR UXUDO KRXVHKROGV VHH 7DEOH 7KH KLJK SHUFHQWDJH RI 5XUDO /RDG DQG WKH ODUJH *HRJUDSKLFDO VSUHDG RI WKH 6WDWH PDNH WKH FRQWDLQPHQW RI $7& /RVVHV HVSHFLDOO\ FKDOOHQJLQJ 7DEOH &RQQHFWLRQV WR 5++ $JULFXOWXUH FY

FY-14

FY-15

FY-16

&RQQHFWLRQV WR 5++ Ag FRQQHFWLRQV

28

FY-17 Dec’16

5XUDO KRXVHKROGV DUH LQFUHDVLQJO\ DIÁ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ÀFDQW XSZDUG WUHQG 7DEOH &RQVXPSWLRQ RI 5++ LQ 08

FY

)<

)<

)<

)<

(QHUJ\ WR 5XUDO 'RPHVWLF

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ÀF DUHDV RI WKHIW 7KLV LV LQ DGGLWLRQ WR WKHLU QRUPDO IXQFWLRQV RI WKH XSNHHS DQG KHDOWK RI WKH V\VWHP 7KH )HHGHU ,Q FKDUJH QRZ UHSRUWV WR WKH -XQLRU (QJLQHHU ZKR LV DOVR HPSRZHUHG WR RYHUVHH WKH V\VWHP OHDNDJHV 7RJHWKHU WKH\ NHHS D WLJKW YLJLO RQ WKH LQSXW 3RZHU GUDZQ E\ HDFK )HHGHU 7KH\ KDYH DQ RYHUYLHZ RI WKH FRQQHFWHG ORDG RQ HDFK )HHGHU WKH DYHUDJH 'UDZO DGMXVWHG VHDVRQDOO\ WKH %LOOLQJ 5HYHQXH EHLQJ HDUQHG 7KH\ DUH DEOH WR GHWHFW YHU\ HDUO\ DQ\

March 2017

StateHighlight

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ÀUVW VWHSV KDV EHHQ WR VHDO WKH +9 &RQQHFWLRQV DQG /9 &RQQHFWLRQV ZLWK 0 6HDO RU :KLWH 7DSH %HFDXVH 3RZHU SLOIHUDJH ZRXOG QRUPDOO\ RFFXU DW WKHVH SRLQWV DQG LI WKH VHDOV RU ZKLWH WDSH LV EUHDFKHG WKH VDPH EHFRPHV TXLFNO\ LGHQWLÀDEOH 7KHUH KDV EHHQ D UHSRVLWLRQLQJ RI *2 '2 VZLWFKHV VR WKDW WKHVH DUH QRW HDVLO\ DFFHVVLEOH WR WKH 3RZHU YDQGDOV 7KLV KDV VXEVWDQWLDOO\ UHGXFHG WKH YDQGDOV DELOLW\ WR KRRN LQWR WKH V\VWHP 2WKHU LQWHUYHQWLRQV DUH UDLVLQJ WKH KHLJKW RI WKH VLQJOH SKDVH WUDQVIRUPHUV ZHOGLQJ WKH PHWHULQJ SURWHFWLRQ ER[HV VR DV WR GLVFRXUDJH E\SDVVLQJ RI

March 2017

2YHUORDG SURWHFWLRQ XVH RI ,QWHUQDO &LUFXLW %UHDNHUV IRU 7UDQVIRUPHUV LPSURYLQJ WKH (DUWKLQJ RI 7UDQVIRUPHUV 'HGLFDWHG OLQHV IURP )HHGHUV ZLWK LQGLYLGXDO &737 PHWHULQJ WR GDLO\ PRQLWRU SRZHU LQSXW RU GUDZO LQWR HDFK LQGLYLGXDO )HHGHU 2WKHU 6\VWHPLF LPSURYHPHQWV LQ WKH 'LVWULEXWLRQ 1HWZRUN XQGHU WKH 00 9LG\XW 6XGKDU $%+,<$1 /RVV 5HGXFWLRQ 3URJUDP LQFOXGH LQVWDOODWLRQ RI SXVK À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

29

StateHighlight

Awareness campaign at School

FMC Meeting at Sabala, Dungarpur

)LQDOO\ WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH /53 GHSHQGV RQ WKH YLJLODQW PRQLWRULQJ RI WKH 6HQLRU 2IÀFHUV LQFOXGLQJ WKH ([HFXWLYH DQG 6XSHULQWHQGLQJ (QJLQHHUV 7KHUH KDV EHHQ D VLJQLÀFDQW FKDQJH LQ WKH 2UJDQL]DWLRQDO 6WUXFWXUH D UH GHÀQLWLRQ RI WKH 5ROHV RI WKH )LHOG 2IÀFHUV HIIHFWLYH GHSOR\PHQW RI 2QOLQH 7RROV WR JDWKHU DQG VKDUH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ D UHDO WLPH EDVLV 7KHUH LV JRRG FRRUGLQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH 2 0 9LJLODQFH DQG ,7

:LQJV 7KH PHVVDJH WKDW LV SHUVLVWHQWO\ DQG VXFFHVVIXOO\ JRLQJ WR WKH 3XEOLF LV WKDW ÀQHV IRU 3RZHU 3LOIHUDJH DUH LPPLQHQW WKDW LW LV WKH LQWHUHVW RI KRQHVW &RQVXPHUV WR DFWLYHO\ GLVFRXUDJH 3RZHU 3LOIHUDJH Ɠ

30

Mr RG Gupta, Advisor (Energy), Government of Rajasthan, and erstwhile Chairman of all Discoms of Rajasthan.

March 2017

ExpertSpeak

POWER THEFT Will it build darkness in India? ndia, the largest democratic country of the world, provides shelter to more than 1.25 billion people. It is home to three times the population of the US though geographically only one third of it. The infrastructure has been developed enormously since its independence in 1947 but, even now many villages do not have electricity. Uninterrupted power is dream for most of the population. In this scenario, strange it may sound about 132 Billion units of electricity is pilfered in India during 2011-12. About 70% of population of India still lives in rural areas where agriculture provides the main livelihood to the majority. Many people do not have electricity supply and even when it is available, supply of electricity is erratic. When a utility starts providing 24 hrs power supply to FHUWDLQ DUHD LW Ă€QGV D PDMRU SODFH LQ WKH QHZVSDSHU The Ministry of Power, though announced ‘Electricity to all by 2012’ as its objective, could not achieve it so far and now extended traget to 2019. People have to wait for hours to get the electric supply restored once a snag develops somewhere, especially in rural area where ‘no power’ is accepted as destiny. Development of energy sector does not take place in tandem with the increasing demand and ever spreading menace of Power theft has worsened the situation. The rapidly growing population and rising urbanization has put great stress on energy sector. India is power stressed. Increasing vitality of economy is not matched by similar vigour in the Power sector which is yet to wake up to the 21st century challenges. It is a fact that installed capacity has recorded growth. From a mere 1713MW installed capacity in 1950s, it has risen to about 314642 MW by 2017. (CEA-Installed Capacity, 2017)About 33% of Generation capacity comes under the states, 25 % under the Central

32

Government and the rest in private sector, which is now substantially increasing role, thanks to new policies of the Government that gives increasing thrust to Mega projects and Renewable sector with private partnership. Vertically integrated State Electricity Boards and private utilities exist in Indian power sector where electricity is a concurrent subject as both the center and state JRYHUQPHQWV KDYH GHĂ€QLWH UROH LQ HYROYLQJ GLUHFWLRQ DQG guidelines. But it is sad fact the power theft has not been given due importance in the scheme of things. India has approximately 6-10% shortage in energy GHPDQG DQG WKH SHDN GHPDQG GHĂ€FLHQF\ LQ VRPH states is nearly 25%, compels the Load Despatch Centres to throttle down resulting brown out everyday SHDN SHULRG $ERXW RI WKH YLOODJHV DUH HOHFWULĂ€HG EXW LW GRHVQ¡W PHDQ WKDW DOO KRXVHKROGV DUH EHQHĂ€WHG 7KH Transmission and Distribution losses are restricted to around 10% in better managed utilities in the developed countries. Of the every 100 units generated in India, 35 units are lost on an average due to technical and nontechnical losses. (Power Sector, 2017) This staggering Ă€JXUH LQ VRPH VWDWHV 7KLV VRUU\ VWDWH KLQJHV DV much on inadequate development of transmission and distribution lines as on other factors including Power theft and irrational tariff structure. Raising tariff even for good reasons may not go well with the people. The distribution companies take care not to antagonize the public as they know the proclivities of the public. People are happy if a utility charges less and ready to overlook the poor standards and service they receive. This is the basic attitude of the middle class Indians which forms the majority of electricity consumers. Perhaps this might have prompted to play

March 2017

ExpertSpeak

safe by keeping current charges low thus making it GLIĂ€FXOW WR JR IRU WKH QHFHVVDU\ XSJUDGLQJ RI OLQHV DQG renovations which requires huge investments. It is a sad fact that the Power sector is concentrated mainly on increasing generation capabilities resulting in increased capital cost rather than loss reduction exercise which includes implementation of a mechanism to thwart power pilfering..

to turn a blind eye to theft of power and many go Scot free if they are very close to �power�. The erstwhile Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking was fed up with Power theft at the connivance of employees. Now the power distribution has private participation. When the new power companies have started conducting surprise inspections to detect power theft, the unscrupulous people have shown signs of panic.

The distribution loss in India has increased by 432% over a period of about a quarter of a century due to the reasons explained above. No country can claim a fair position as far as losses are concerned. The approximate cost of the distribution loss for the last quarter century comes to around $100 Billion. India has adopted the European system of drawing more Low-Tension lines, thanks to the British rule, which passed on certain technical legacies DORQJ ZLWK FXOWXUH DQG DUWV 0DQ\ (XURSHDQ FRXQWULHV are very small, even smaller than majority of Indian states. Hence their distribution loss is considerably low.

It is estimated that about 777 Million units of electricity is being pilfered in Hyderabad city, the cyber capital of India, in a year alone.(Sreenivasan,2017) The cost works out to $ 75 Million.In some part of the city designated as ‘’sensitive,� less as 50% of the consumers pay electricity charges, even though thousands of electricity meters are installed on poles. Here, professional power theft perpetrators are available who perform tampering of energy meter either permanent or temporary nature. The Power sleuths in India has the credit of detecting more than 75 varieties of high-tech Power theft in India in Electronic meters, though these meters are claimed to have state- of-the- art technology. Remotely operated Power theft, Frequency manipulation, Theft using Electrostatic discharge (ESD) on energy meter, Harmonics and other spurious signal injections, umpteen methods of hardware tampering on energy meters are few methods to mention. (Sreenivasan, 2017) The power sector all over the world is closely observing new products that meet the challenges raised by the perpetrators and recently an Indian Company has found a partial solution to Power theft using Electro-static discharge in high end meters.A lot more is expected from meter manufacturers all over the world.

How have we reached here? Theft of energy is the major singular cause of all disorders and problems in power utilities. The money value involved in theft is about $4.5 Billion dollar i.e., about 1.5% of GDP as per the statistics of the World Bank, few years back. [Bhatia & Gulati, 2004] Poverty drives many to steal electricity and they form a majority, while a few consider it as a white collar theft. (Prashar, & Sreenivasan, ,2015) Delhi, the capital city, stands out as the worst case of power theft. As much as 45% of the power generated was lost in the capital even after 2-3 years of private participation .Now it has been brought down substantially but few Divisions under BRPL and BYPL are notorious for 40-60% loss. What stops utilities from eliminating Power theft? Vested interests of the stake holders including appeasing vote bank, consumers, utility employees, poor enforcement of law, habit of utilities to compound the power theft cases, prolonged litigation and, of course, the socio- political situations. The poor performance of state owned utilities in reduction of loss is due to weak accountability, poor governance and inadequate investment. They have little incentives to improved performance and any hard work goes unappreciated. Private participation has raised KRSH RI EHWWHU HIĂ€FLHQF\ DQG DFFRXQWDELOLW\ +RZHYHU it turns out that privatization of power sector is not a panacea for eliminating power theft. India is world’s sixth largest energy consumer, accounting 3.4% of global energy consumption. Due to its economic rise, the demand for energy has grown at an average of 3.6%per annum over the past three decades. Distribution loss of Indian Power sector, having long low tension lines, is ‘surrogate’ to Power Theft. [Steadman, 2011] Even after engaging the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Delhi continues to enjoy the status of ‘capital of Power theft in India’ and here even 20% AT&C loss is considered as fair. The problem of corruption and vested electoral interest have prodded authorities

March 2017

Even meters installed in substations are not spared by perpetrators. The feeders of a Sub- station in Musafar Nagar, a city in North India were tampered with a remote operated shunt. The Substation was feeding power supply to steel furnace factories nearby. The raid was conducted under the leadership of the Minister and found energy meter- not at the consumers’ premises, but at the Substation- was tampered with modern-day technology, reminding us the usage that ‘fence itself eating the crop’. This may be a joint effort of many who wanted to sabotage the energy audit system also. In Punjab, Power theft is rampant in border districts especially for operation of tube wells and steel re-rolling mills which are current intensive in nature. Unfortunately, DQ\ RIĂ€FHU ZKR SXWV DQ HIIRUW WR WDFNOH WKLV PHQDFH LQYLWHV transfer, harassment, victimisation and a host of troubles .Farmers have been provided with subsidized or free electricity through out the country and it is one of the zones where electricity theft and misuse are maximum. In the state of Punjab, when the technicians of utility went to attend a fuse off call from a consumer, were surprised WR Ă€QG WKDW HYHQ WKH 'LVWULEXWLRQ 7UDQVIRUPHU '7 ZDV stolen for its metal parts to be sold after taking them apart in scrap market . This is not an instance of isolation.

33

ExpertSpeak

If we think that power theft is a rural phenomenon or only prevalent in slums, we are for a rude shock. In Mumbai City alone, irregularities involving 1280 Million units were detected in 3 years. Even the constitutionally recognized bodies such as Zilla, Taluk and Gram Panchayath (Local self Government) in Bangalore are reported to have performed power theft sending a shock message to WKH VRFLHW\ (YHQ WKH VPDOO VWDWH RI - . LV ORVLQJ Million a day by way of energy theft. With the onset of winter, the energy consumption moves up by 20%.The resort to unscrupulous method is rampant even among the people at the topmost rung of the society who have developed meanest trick of pilferage according to the Power Development Department. The department has QR HIIHFWLYH $QWL 3RZHU WKHIW VTXDG EXW D IHZ RIĂ€FLDOV ZKR could not unearth even a small fraction of abnormality. Pilferage of power in the name of religion is taken for granted in India. It occurs during almost all festivals, irrespective of the community or the state. A report says 97% of the organizers of festivals in Maharashtra State FRPPLW SRZHU WKHIW ,W¡V YHU\ GLIĂ€FXOW WR GHWHFW SRZHU theft during that time, as all devotees gather and attack WKH HQIRUFHPHQW RIĂ€FLDOV DV LI WKH RIĂ€FLDOV DUH IURP other communities or an atheist deliberately disturbing the festival. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company (MSEDCL) has gone to the extent of advising various organizations that conduct festivals, not to venture into theft during the time of festivals. Usually the light and sound contractors arrange generators for temporary use; but they seldom operate them, instead venture into stealing electricity. General elections are yet another occasion to perform power theft in India. The police are pre occupied with keeping the law and order and usually the menace of Power theft goes unnoticed. In Tamil Nadu, during general election the venue of a leader’s campaign spot ZDV LOOXPLQDWHG ZLWK DERXW Ă XRUHVFHQW ODPSV 7KH party had stolen electricity using hooks to add colour and light to the huge hoardings and stages and also to display the huge election symbols which are decorated with small bulbs. When top leaders come to political meetings, an engineer is used to be posted at the SODFH WR HQVXUH XQLQWHUUXSWHG VXSSO\ RI VWROHQ SRZHU In India’s most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, large scale Power theft is reported during general election WLPH $QRWKHU VLJQLĂ€FDQW DVSHFW LV WKH DEQRUPDO XVH RI electricity for agriculture purpose during these times, a clear indication of misuse and theft. This has been done with the connivance of local leaders of ruling party.( Golden & Min, 2012) The abduction of an engineer belonging to a utility from one of the North Eastern states forced the utility to postpone the implementation of a plan to revamp collection procedure. This happened when the utility was just about to collect arrears and check power theft. In order to boost the morale of the employees, a 0DQDJLQJ 'LUHFWRU DQG 6HQLRU RIĂ€FHUV RI D SRZHU 8WLOLW\

34

LQ 1RUWK ,QGLD ZKR GHFLGHG WR KDYH ÀUVW KDQG LQIRUPDWLRQ of theft detection had to face unruly mob and to retreat after stone pelting .A senior Power sleuth in the Cyber city of Hyderabad had to seek police protection even after his retirement from service, following continual threat of perpetrators The mighty people and even the law makers indulge in theft of electricity. The Indian laws are stringent to punish the guilty in the case of electricity theft but the time spend to conclude a case is too long. The state of affairs in Power theft is pennywise and pound foolish. As the law permits to compound the offence, its PDJQLWXGH FRPHV GRZQ WR WKH OHYHO D SHWW\ WUDIÀF violation case, where discharge of offence can be done by paying a small penalty. Utilities across India have not treated power theft seriously the way it should be. The reply to RTI to Discoms across India yielded poor responses and many utilities even do not have the statistics of theft detected. Indian power sector is crippled by theft on one side and misuse on the other side. Energy wasted in daily OLIH RQ DFFRXQW RI OHVV HIÀFLHQW HOHFWULFDO DSSOLDQFHV LV shocking. The simple guesstimate of waste and power theft says even the best stabilizers are only 80% energy HIÀFLHQW &RQVLGHULQJ PLOOLRQ RGG $LU &RQGLWLRQHUV LQ India, which are in operation for 5 hrs a day, the loss ZRXOG EH 08 SHU GD\ $QG WKH DQQXDO ORVV ZRXOG EH 0LOOLRQ :LWK *: SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ FDSDFLW\ the energy available per day will be 5275 Million units at 0.7 plf of which 20-25% ie. 1055 Million Units of electricity is lost by way of Power theft every day causing annual ORVV RI %LOOLRQ WR WKH H[FKHTXHU Energy meters are no more instruments for recording electricity consumption. Consumer Metering and feeder metering are one of the key approaches to reduce losses and theft, coupled with the replacement of the conventional electro mechanical meters with new electronic meters and the deployment of state-ofthe-art emerging technologies such as, AMR and AMI etc.to assist in loss reduction and improved revenue collection. This may be more intensively done with the aid of centrally aided Schemes and the requirements of energy meters in coming decade will be more than of 100 million. The possibility of rolling out smart meter technology is yet another way of controlling power theft. Utilitiles are different in nature in India and hence the strategy to reduce theft also varies. There should not be a common system thrust upon to Discoms as strategy to reduce theft in one utility need not be successful in another. Unless 100 % consumers are metered and electricity at various distribution points are monitored, the Discoms can never think of attaining a healthy ÀQDQFLDO VWDWXV

Conclusion The above instances are only tip of the ice berg. Many utilities, now at a snail’s pace, realize the need to control

March 2017

ExpertSpeak

Power theft, lest they should fall into darkness. Various training to power engineers are being arranged and regularly updates them with latest happening around the world. But crooks always have the ability to stay one step ahead of the anti power theft detection system. They stay LQ WKHLU EXVLQHVV SXUHO\ WKURXJK WKHLU à DLU WR FLUFXPYHQW any challenge that comes their way. The R&D of electricity theft is moving faster than the best metering system available in the world, which was revolutionized with the advent of ICs and programmable logic circuits. India is now aiming at application of Information Technology in Power sector especially for controlling Power theft and losses. The R&D units of meter manufacturers have a great role to play in designing tamper resistant energy meters with more features to withstand the challenges IURP ÀHOG 7KH UHSHUFXVVLRQ RI SULYDWL]DWLRQ RQ ORQJ run is not clear as of now and the present indication SRLQWV ÀQJHU WKDW SULYDWL]DWLRQ LV QRW WKH VLQJOH UHPHG\ WR control power theft. As the Indian power sector has now realized need of controlling power theft incorporating latest technology, it can be brought back to the right track and effective laws and updated theft detection system with the aid of modern power system tools would help control power Theft.

2

CEA-Installed Capacity.(2017).Cea.nic.in. Retrieved 11 February 2017, from http://www.cea.nic.in/ monthlyinstalledcapacity.html

3

Golden, M. & Min, B. (2012). Theft and Loss of Electricity in an Indian State. Seattle: International Growth Centre

3

http://powermin.nic.in/, of India

4

Parashar, A. and Sreenivasan, G. (2015) Power Theft and *ORULĂ€FDWLRQ RI &ULPH E\ ,QGLDQ 0HGLD ²$ &DVH VWXG\ EDVHG on the campaign organized by India Against Corruption [IAC] in Delhi, THE DISCUSSANT, Journal of Centre for Reforms, Development and Justice, Jan—Mar 2015 Vol.3 No.1, Pp 47-54

5

Power sector (2017). Retrieved 11 February 2017, from http:// www.icra.in/Files/ticker/SH-2014-Q4-1-ICRA-Power.pdf

6

Rengarajan. S & Loganathan.S[2012] Power Theft Prevention and Power Quality Improvement using Fuzzy Logic, International Journal of Electrical and (OHFWURQLFV (QJLQHHULQJ ,-((( ,661 35,17 ² Vol-1, Issue-3 Ć“

Ministry

of

Power,

Government

G Sreenivasan

REFERENCES 1

Public Policy for the Private Sector Note 272, World Bank, Washington, DC.

Bhatia, B., Gulati, M.[2004]. Reforming the Power Sector: Controlling Electricity Theft and Improving Revenue.

Executive Engineer, KSEB Ltd Member, International Utility Revenue Protection Association [IURPA]

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

2400/-

Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 “Bank of India�, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

Event

Committed to reduce T&D losses;

Rajasthan to witness 24*7 electricity soon

ndian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association; IEEMA conducted a one day Seminar on Relationship of AT & C losses and Transformer Failure on 31st January 2017 at Hotel Hilton, Jaipur.

I

The Seminar was attended by the Hon’ble State Energy Minister Sh. Pushpendra Singh. Also present were Shri Sunil Mishra – Director General- IEEMA, Shri Sreemat Pandey, Chairman Discoms, Shri R G Gupta –Advisor Energy, Govt. of Rajasthan, Ms Arti Dogra, MDJd. VVNL, Shri Anil Kumar Bohra-MD-JVVNL and all the 6HQLRU 2IÀFLDOV RI 'LVFRPV Vice Chairman, Mr Alok Agarwal, DT Division, Mr Ajay Sanghi, Member Distribution Transformer Division and other members from Rajasthan state participated in the seminar. The number of delegates participated in the Workshop was approximately 125 out of more than 100 nos. were from Rajasthan Discoms. 7KH 6HPLQDU KLJKOLJKWHG WKH GLIÀFXOW VLWXDWLRQ DERXW $7& ORVVHV ZKLFK DUH FUHDWLQJ PDMRU GLIÀFXOWLHV LQ WKH working of the Discoms. The visit of various parties were done in Alwar, Sikar and other parts of the State that the ATC losses can be brought down through various measures, which do not require capital investment outlay. Measures can be effectively implemented in a short span of time. It is further seen that wherever ATC losses have been controlled, the failure of transformer have been VLJQLÀFDQWO\ EURXJKW GRZQ 7KLV LV D PDMRU DGYDQWDJH DV IDLOXUH RI WUDQVIRUPHU FRQWULEXWHV WR WKH GLIÀFXOWLHV of the consumers and to the losses of Discoms. When unscrupulous persons resort to pilferage of Electricity, it overloads the system. It has been observed that in Areas where ATC losses have reduced, the Transformer failure rate has also come down drastically. But where there is greater Power pilferage and mischief, all honest consumers are put to GLIÀFXOW\ EHFDXVH RI WUDQVIRUPHU IDLOXUH GLVUXSWLRQ LQ system, cutbacks in electricity as per rules etc.

36

There is less and less support for Persons in villages where pilferage or misappropriation of electricity is taking place. Politicians aware advised by their constituents to put a stop to power pilferage. Govt. is determined to bring down the ATC losses in line with various programs initiated by Chief Minister. The seminar also emphasized on the aspects in Areas where ATC losses have reduced and the Transformer failure rate has also come down drastically. However, where there is greater Power pilferage and mischief, DOO KRQHVW FRQVXPHUV DUH SXW WR GLIĂ€FXOW\ EHFDXVH RI transformer failure, disruption in system, cutbacks in electricity as per rules etc., Need on improving the 7HFKQLFDO 6SHFLĂ€FDWLRQ RI 5DMDVWKDQ 'LVFRPV ZDV GLVFXVVHG ZLWK WKH RIĂ€FLDOV ,PSRUWDQFH RI *RRG Earthing – understanding Failures and Losses in Single Wire Earth Return Distribution System was discussed LQ GHWDLO ZLWK WKH XWLOLW\ RIĂ€FLDOV E\ H[SHUW VSHDNHU &GU Yogesh D Chaudhari. Shri Pushpendra Singh, Hon’ble Minister of State for Energy, Rajasthan said, that over a span of nine months, electricity theft in the state has drastically reduced to 5% which is a good sign that almost 17% people have already started paying monthly bills in time. He also said that Chief Minister is keen to see Rajasthan State ZLWQHVVLQJ HOHFWULFLW\ +H DGGHG WKDW HIĂ€FLHQW measures are being taken by Smt. Vasundra Raje, Hon’ble Chief Minister Rajasthan for overall reduction of transmission and distribution losses in the state. IEEMA Director General, Mr Sunil Misra stated, “In the present system, there is a scope for achieving lower loses and higher revenues by doing simple things, eg. Appropriate storage, erection and maintenance of distribution transformers. He also stressed on, for continuous services and maintenance of power distribution transformers to avoid failures in future.He added that State would soon witness an era of development in terms of smart and affordable electricity. Ć“

March 2017

UpcomingEvent

Building the Digital Utility in Asia – From the digital promise to the development plan he promise of enterprise digital transformation is huge. From grid management to customer relations, an effective digital strategy can revolutionise all areas of the power and water utility business. Utilities have been slow to embrace digital tools – they are conservative entities who prefer to let others test new ideas. But now all that is changing as utilities rush to join the data-driven business journey. Indian based FRPSDQLHV DUH LGHDOO\ SODFHG WR EHQHÀW IURP WKLV FKDQJH

T

Pushed along by their customers and competitive forces, Asian and Indian utilities are embarking on digital PHWHU UROORXWV ZKLFK GULYH HIÀFLHQF\ LQ GHPDQG VLGH management. Most utilities are now also developing analytics based Asset Management projects which OHDG WR ODUJH RSHUDWLRQDO FRVW VDYLQJV )RU WKH ÀUVW WLPH smart lighting systems are being built as a gateway to the Connected Home, the Smart City and IoT markets. The challenge for utility CIOs who are slow to the game is how to manage their digital rollout process. Getting it wrong is costly and can be career suicide. What exactly does digital transformation mean to the utility leaders? The answer depends on which business leader you ask. Many C-suite executives view digital through their own functional lenses. For example, the CMO is concerned with the application of technologies WR ÀQH WXQH RPQLFKDQQHO FXVWRPHU HQJDJHPHQW DQG create brand-differentiating customer experiences. The &22 HPSKDVL]HV WKH ,R7 WR GULYH HIÀFLHQFLHV LQ WKH supply chain and business operations, while the CFO focuses on process automation and blockchain for controlling costs and managing revenues.

March 2016

But CIOs are well-positioned to see both the departmental tools that are the tip of the digital iceberg and the supporting infrastructure below the surface to ensure the enterprise is digital-ready. Instead of LPSOHPHQWLQJ GHSDUWPHQW VSHFLÀF solutions, the CIO needs to develop digital strategies that connect business needs—for example, developing an IoT initiative that simultaneously streamlines the supply chain and improves product service. Of course to do this, the CIO needs to be well versed in how digital platforms are built and how they can help develop business solutions for utilities. Asian Utility Week 2017 (24-25 May 2017, IMPACT, Bangkok) has been running for 18 years in SE Asia. It attracts 3000 participants from across Asia’s leading utilities, IPPs, Large Energy Users and Vendor Groups. Evolving expectations and greater choice among utility end customers are causing utility providers to change how they deliver their products and services. “Going digital” to transform how utilities serve customers and empower employees is seen as both a solution and a huge challenge for the utility sector. We are dedicated to helping the utility sector make the transition to the digital operating model both in terms of their operating systems and in their service delivery platforms. (YHU\ \HDU ZH DGMXVW RXU SURJUDP WR UHÁHFW WKH FKDQJHV in the wider market. We know customers are looking for something future facing as most people attend expos to learn about what’s next and to meet people who can help them achieve their goals. This year we return to Bangkok which is the R&D headquarters for SE Asia’s utility sector. We have dramatically changed our

37

UpcomingEvent

approach to tickets. With the exception of the Premium Leadership stream, this is a free event. We anticipate this will dramatically increase our participation numbers and the business networking opportunities. Another change is how we structure the conferences within the expo. This year all the conference theatres are on the Expo Floor. This means that there will always be a crowd circulating around the Expo Stands, which means more customers to meet and more business to be transacted. It also means that the show has more energy – a buzz that adds to the excitement around our digital themes. We arrange the 4 main conference VWUHDPV WR IROORZ D GLVWLQFW WKHPH WKDW ÁRZV DFURVV ERWK days which will help create more meaningful content for visitors. The streams are below. MOBILE FIELD OPERATIONS – covers Enterprise Mobility Solutions, FSM, GIS Innovations and Drones SMART GRIDS & DIGITAL METERS – covers Digital Meters, DSM, IoT & The Connected World

,QLWLDWH 6WDUWXSV ² H[FLWLQJ VPDUW HQHUJ\ DQG VPDUW water startups

DIGITAL UTILITY TRANFORMATION – covers Data Analytics, Customer Service and Digital Channels

The Innovation Zone – R&D insights from the region’s top energy and water technology researchers

LARGE ENERGY USERS – covers DG Integration, C&I Buyers, Change Leadership and New Services

The Technical Zone – New product insights from the world’s leading technology vendors

We also offer 3 additional free streams that all focused on highlighting innovations in technology:

For more information see: http://www.asian-utility-week.com Ɠ

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

38

2400/-

Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 “Bank of India”, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

March 2016

InternationalEvent

IEEMA’s participation at Middle East Electricity ith the aim to increase IEEMA’s footprint across the globe, IEEMA participated at the annual Middle East Electricity (MEE) show held in Dubai from 14th to 16th February 2017. IEEMA had its stall at the India Pavilion where 50 leading Indian Companies participated.

W

His Highness Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Deputy Ruler of Dubai and the Minister of Finance of WKH 8$( RIĂ€FLDOO\ LQDXJXUDWHG WKH QG HGLWLRQ RI Middle East Electricity (MEE) in the presence of other VIP dignitaries. At the MEE, the India Pavilion was inaugurated by Mr Anurag Bhushan, Consul General of India in Dubai. After inaugurating the India Pavilion and interacting with the participants, the Consul General assured fullest support for promotion of Indian Industry & products by way opportunities in UAE in general and Dubai in particular. Mr Rahul Srivastava, Consul for Commerce & Visa also participated at the Inauguration of India Pavilion. Middle East Electricity is the largest international trade event for the power industry, covering the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, the renewable and nuclear energy sectors and the lighting industry. With over 1000 exhibitors spread over an area of 30000 sqms, the event witnessed a large international participation from various countries. The IEEMA delegation was led by Mr Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA alongwith Mr Harish Agarwal, Vice President, IEEMA; Mr Vijay Karia, Chairman ELECRAMA

March 2017

2018; Mr Anil Saboo, Chairman, International Division; Mr Ajay Mahajan, Head Trade Fairs Mktg IEEMA and 0U 1DYHHQ 8SUHWL 6U ([HFXWLYH 2IĂ€FHU ,((0$ 7KH delegation had productive interaction with the exhibitors and various Country Pavilions. The IEEMA stall at MEE attracted good number of international and domestic visitors. Most of the international visitors were those looking to enter India and were curious to know how IEEMA could facilitate their entry into the Indian market while Indian visitors ZHUH NHHQ WR NQRZ PRUH DERXW ,((0$ DQG EHQHĂ€WV RI becoming a member. Visitors also enquired about the announcement of booking dates for ELECRAMA 2018 which is scheduled to be held in March 2018 at the India Expo Mart, Greater Noida. Ć“

39

SpecialFocus

Overview of Residual Current Device (RCD), ELCB, for Protection against Electric Shock and Fire As per British Standards BS7671:2008 and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard, IEC 60364

“Electrical Installation for Building�

B

ureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has following standards for Electrical installation for buildings:

h Indian Standards code of practice for electrical wiring

installation IS732:1989, Third Edition, May 2007.

h Indian Standards, Code of Practice for Electrical

:LULQJ 7KLUG UHYLVLRQ ,6 5HDIĂ€UPHG

BS 7671 has converged towards (and is largely based RQ WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPLWWHH IRU (OHFWUR WHFKQLFDO 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ &(1(/(& KDUPRQLVDWLRQ GRFXPHQWV DQG WKHUHIRUH LV WHFKQLFDOO\ YHU\ VLPLODU WR WKH FXUUHQW wiring regulations of other European countries. This article is based on IEE 17th Edition, BS7671:2008. IEE 18th edition BS 7671:2018 will be published in June 2018.

Indian standards are based on IEC 60364. These standards are not updated and not easy to understand and there is no clear answer to electrical installation for buildings.

Voltage

IEC is based in Geneva, Switzerland, published ALL HOHFWULFDO VWDQGDUGV $OO FRXQWULHV DUH PHPEHUV RI ,(& British and European standards are based on IEC 60364. 7KHVH VWDQGDUGV DUH IROORZHG LQ PRVW RI FRXQWULHV 7KHVH are updated regularly. USA has own standard, National

Method of protection against electric shock

This standard is applicable to low Voltage (LV) less WKDQ 9 $& RU 9'& ([WUD /RZ 9ROWDJH (/9 LV DSSOLFDEOH WR 9 $& DQG 9 '&

Electrical code (NEC).

h $XWRPDWLF GLVFRQQHFWLRQ RI SURWHFWLYH GHYLFH

This article is based on following standards

h Electrical Separation with double wound

h IEC standard 60364, Electrical installation in

Building, based Geneva, Switzerland

h IEE Wiring Regulations, 17th edition, British

Standard, BS7671:2008

,(& GHYHORS HOHFWULFDO VWDQGDUGV DUH IROORZHG PRVW WKH countries in the world. Europe and standards and British standards are based on IEC standards. Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE), UK, developed the ÀUVW VWDQGDUG LQ 7KLV EHFDPH %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUG LQ %6 7KLV VWDQGDUG KDV VWLOO UHWXUQ QDPH of IEE.

March 2017

$'6 IXVH RU 0&% ZLWK HTXLSRWHQWLDO ERQGLQJ WUDQVIRUPHU 12 HDUWK RQ VHFRQGDU\ VLGH h 'RXEOH LQVXODWHG ZLWK 12 (DUWK ZLUH ( J 'RXEOH

LQVXODWHG KRPH DSSOLDQFH h ([WUD /RZ YROWDJH 9 $ &

$GGLWLRQDO PHWKRG RI SURWHFWLRQ E\ 5HVLGXDO &XUUHQW 'HYLFH 5&' h This is widely is used for protection for electric

VKRFN P$ $ 5&' h 2QH RI WKH PRVW UHOLDEOH 3URWHFWLRQV DJDLQVW

electric shock.

41

SpecialFocus

Equipotential Bonding of exposed and extraneous conductive parts (TXLSRWHQWLDO ERQGLQJ FRPSXOVRU\ LQ DOO ORFDWLRQV PHDQV ´(TXDO RU 6DPH YROWDJH ¾ H J ,Q .LWFKHQ \RX WRXFK ZDVKLQJ PDFKLQH DQG HDUWKHG ZDWHU SLSHV GXULQJ IDXOW LI WKHLU PHWDO SDUWV DUH connected with wire then you do not get shock.

h 0DLQ (TXLSRWHQWLDO %RQGLQJ 0(3% $W 0DLQ

,QFRPHU RI VXSSO\ IURP HOHFWULF FRPSDQ\ ZLWK HOHFWULF ERQGLQJ ZLWK ZLUH EHWZHHQ ([SRVHG FRQGXFWLYH SDUWV H J (OHFWULFDO HTXLSPHQW PHWDO HQFORVXUH DQG ([WUDQHRXV FRQGXFWLYH SDUWV H J PHWDO ZDWHU SLSHV h $GGLWLRQDO VXSSOHPHQWDU\ (TXLSRWHQWLDO ERQGLQJ

(AEPB): In Increase Shock Risk locations (ISRL) and High Increase shock risk locations (HISR) bonding ZLWK ZLUH RU FDEOH DW ORFDWLRQ RI ([SRVHG FRQGXFWLYH SDUWV DQG QHDUE\ FDQ EH WRXFK ([WUDQHRXV FRQGXFWLYH SDUWV ( J VZLPPLQJ SRRO FRQVWUXFWLRQ site and etc. '2 127 XQGHUHVW LPDWH ,03257$17 RI WKLV VLPSOH wire can save life. This will also reduce shock voltage. 3OHDVH UHIHU WR P\ DUWLFOH LQ -DQXDU\ LVVXH Main Equipotential bonding at Main Incomer electric supply and additional bonding

Main protective bonding

Exposed conductive part

Structural steel Main protective bonding

Main protective bonding

W

Gas

Supplementary bonding

Circuit protective conductor

Concrete foundation

How 30mA (0.03 Ampere) is decided for protection against shock

42

$W FXUUHQW WLPHV P$ P$ WULSV LQ OHVV WKHQ ´ VHFRQGV ¾ ([DFW YDOXH LV ´ VHFRQGV¾ (IIHFWV RI &XUUHQW 3DVVLQJ WKURXJK WKH +XPDQ %RG\

h ² P$ 7KURZ RII SDLQIXO VHQVDWLRQ h ² P$ 0XVFXODU FRQWUDFWLRQ FDQ¡W OHW JR PHDQV

\RXU KDQG SDUDO\VLV DQG FDQQRW UHOHDVH IURP KDQG 7KLV LV LPSRUWDQW IRU +DQG KHOG HOHFWULFDO HTXLSPHQW h ² P$ ,PSDLUHG EUHDWKLQJ h P$ DQG DERYH 9HQWULFXODU Ă€EULOODWLRQ DQG GHDWK

Residual Current device, RCD, principal What is an RCD? $Q 5&' RU UHVLGXDO FXUUHQW GHYLFH LV D OLIH VDYLQJ GHYLFH ZKLFK LV GHVLJQHG WR SUHYHQW \RX IURP JHWWLQJ D IDWDO HOHFWULF VKRFN LI \RX WRXFK VRPHWKLQJ OLYH VXFK DV D EDUH ZLUH DQG IDXOW ,W FDQ DOVR SURYLGH VRPH SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW HOHFWULFDO ÀUHV 5&'V RIIHU D OHYHO RI SHUVRQDO SURWHFWLRQ DQG ÀUH WKRVH RUGLQDU\ IXVHV DQG FLUFXLW breakers cannot provide.

What does an RCD do? $Q 5&' LV D VHQVLWLYH VDIHW\ GHYLFH WKDW VZLWFKHV RII HOHFWULFLW\ DXWRPDWLFDOO\ LI WKHUH LV D IDXOW $ PHFKDQLFDO switching device with electronic circuits is intended to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual FXUUHQW DWWDLQV D JLYHQ YDOXH XQGHU VSHFLĂ€HG FRQGLWLRQV

How does it work?

Earthing conductor

Earth plate

5&' WULSV EHWZHHQ P$ DQG P$ $W FXUUHQW PRUH WKHQ P$ WULS OHVV WKHQ VHFRQGV

h ² P$ %DUHO\ SHUFHSWLEOH QR KDUPIXO HIIHFWV

7KHUH DUH W\SHV RI HTXLSRWHQWLDO ERQGLQJ

Exposed conductive part

IEC 60479-1 electric shock graph, T is time in second and I current in Ampere

$Q 5&' FRQVWDQWO\ PRQLWRUV WKH HOHFWULF FXUUHQW Ă RZLQJ WKURXJK SKDVH DQG QHXWUDO &XUUHQW DUH EDODQFH 5&' will not trip &XUUHQW LQ SKDVH DQG QHXWUDO EHFRPH XQEDODQFH ,I IDXOW RFFXUV LQ PHWDO SDUWV RI HTXLSPHQW RU SHUVRQ WRXFK OLQH ZLUH RU QHXWUDO WKHQ 5HVLGXDO FXUUHQW Ă RZ WKURXJK KXPDQ ERG\ WKHQ 5&' ZLOO VZLWFK WKH FLUFXLW RII YHU\ TXLFNO\ VLJQLĂ€FDQWO\ UHGXFLQJ WKH ULVN RI GHDWK RU serious injury.

March 2017

SpecialFocus

RCD Protection against electric shock in High increase shock risk location

What does it do?

RCDs can help protect you from electric shock in potentially dangerous areas like bathrooms and gardens, and there are various types of RCDs that can be used to make sure you are always as safe as possible.

5&'V DUH XVHG WR SURYLGH SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW WKH VSHFLĂ€F dangers that may arise in electrical installations: h Basic protection, touching live parts additional

protection against electric shock. h Fault protection against electric shock when

How much will RCD protection cost?

touching exposed metal as additional protection

A plug-in RCD in DB or socket RCD can cost as little as Rs. 1500 to 2000, but will provide a greater degree of protection against electric shock.

h Arcing Ground fault protection h 3URWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW ÀUH

Electric Shock Additional Protection By RCD Residual current devices must be 30mA ((0.03 Ampere) in dwelling and building LOCATION/REGULATION Sockets in dwellings up to 20A

Regulation number

NOTES

All sockets up to 20A rating must be 30mA RCD protected unless labeled for a particular item of equipment. Caution: Do not omit any RCD. This is serious matter

Sockets in commercial premises

411.3.3

All sockets up to 20A rating must be 30mA RCD protected (1)

Outdoor Moveable and portable equipment a rating Up to 32A

411.3.3

Includes 3 phase supplies. No exceptions. Increase shock risk location

701.411 .3.3,701.415.2

Increase shock risk location

All low voltage circuits in a bathroom Circuits passing through bathrooms Zones 1 and/or 2

701.411 .3.3

Only applies to Zones 1 and 2, not to cables outside the Zones.

Cables without mechanical protection at a depth of less than 50mm in a wall

522.6.202, 522.6.204.

Cables should be in Safe Zones and 30mA RCD protected.

Cables in walls with internal metal construction unless protected

522.6.203, 522.6.204.

Unprotected cables such as twin and earth in metal studwork walls.

Increase Shock Risk locations 702.410.3.4.2, 702.419.3.4.3,702.53702.55.1

Swimming pools

Supplies to All equipment in the Zones.

Saunas

703.411.3.3

All circuits in the sauna.

Construction sites

704.410.3.10

230/400V Sockets up to 32A.

Agricultural and Horticultural Premises Caravan and camping sites Caravans Marinas

Medical locations Exhibitions, shows and stands

March 2017

705.411.1

Sockets up to 32A.

708.553.1.13

All socket outlets. Each socket outlet to have individual RCD.

721.411

All circuits and must interrupt all live conductors.

709.531.2

Socket outlet. Device must disconnect all poles including the neutral. Sockets to be individually protected by an RCD.

710.531.2.4, 710.411.4

Socket outlets and all circuits up to 63A in Group 1 locations.

711.411.3.3

All socket outlets. All circuits other than those supplying emergency lighting.

43

SpecialFocus

712.411.3.2.1.2

May be required for supply cable and RCD needs Type B.

Outdoor lighting installations

714.411.3.3.

Lighting in telephone kiosks, bus shelters, advertising panels and town plans.

Mobile or transportable units

717.515.1

LV circuits supplying equipment outside the unit.

722.531.2.101

Every charging point to have individual RCD that disconnects all live conductors.

Temporary installations for structures, amusement devices, fairgrounds etc.

740.415.1

All lighting circuits, sockets up to 32A and mobile equipment up to 32A.

Floor and ceiling heating systems

753.415.1

Circuit supplying heating system.

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supplies

Electric vehicle charging installations

Protection against Electric Fire by RCD

RCBO,

RCD is very effective and widely is used for protection against fire 1

100 mA (0.1 Ampere) Socket outlets of rating exceeding 32 A in agricultural š

earth fault loop impedance is too high for fault protection, i.e. Automatic disconnection time cannot be met by the overcurrent protective device, MCB 2

CBR More than 100A. SRCD PRCD

300 mA (0.3 Ampere) š At the origin of a temporary supply to circuses, etc. š :KHUH WKHUH LV D ULVN RI Ă€UH GXH WR VWRUDJH RI combustible materials

All circuits (except socket outlets) in agricultural locations. š

77 LQVWDOODWLRQ 0DLQ LQFRPHU RI Ă DW ZLWK PD[LPXP time delay 1 second. 3

500 mA (0.5 Ampere) Any circuit supplying one or more socket outlets of rating exceeding 32 A, on a construction site

Types of RCDs ‘RCD’ is the generic term for a device that operates when the residual current in the circuit reaches a predetermined value. The following table, Figure 1, indicates the different types of RCD available, a description of each device and examples of how the device is used: RCD is further divided as below: RCCB,

44

Description Before we call ELCB.

Residual current +overcurrent by MCB

Consumer units Distribution boards

Overcurrent protective residual current protection.

Distribution boards in larger installations, protection DJDLQVW ÀUH

Socket-outlet with an RCD Portable or movable residual current device (PRCD) with socket and Ă H[LEOH ZLUH

Socket outlet+RCD. This is very portable so you can use easily but if use outdoor RCD shall be in dry location. Socket outlet with RCD+ Overcurrent

This is widely use. Plugged into an existing socket-outlet. PRCDs are not SDUW RI WKH À[HG installation.

Socket+RCBO

Sensitivity of RCCB High Sensitivity (HS): 6mA, 10mA, 30mA ( For shock protection) Medium sensitivity (MS): 100- 300- 500- 1000 mA (for ÀUH SURWHFWLRQ

Low sensitivity (LS): 3- 10- 30 A (typically for protection of machine)

RCD are divided further as below

Type of RCD Residual current operated circuit-breaker

SRCBO

Residual current operated circuit-breaker (RCCB) with overcurrent protection Circuit-breaker Residual (CBD) with residual current protection

Installed/used Consumer units Distribution boards

Circuits are divided in two or more RCD in consumer DB in buildings If you install one RCD in DB then if trips then you will lose complete power. There are many options; I think best option as below: h Each circuit, socket and lights are provided with

RCBO 30mA, e.g.: senior citizen home

h In Flat: Install 30mA three RCD: Divide light and

socket in 2 RCD and Fire protection with RCBO

March 2017

SpecialFocus

Different types of RCD

RCD with plug and extension

RCD tester

RCD with cable extension reel

Test instrument, Cost about Rs.20,000/-:

Testing of RCD, tripping time: during Commissioning of electrical installations RCD to install on Rail in DB British socket with RCD

Indian socket with RCD is available I do not know. You can use British socket with adaptor to use Indian plug. Generally, RCD is mounted DB but socket RCD are widely use in UK and USA. Caution These shall be installed and maintain by skill TXDOLÀHG HOHFWULFLDQ ZKR DUH WUDLQ IRU WKLV

Unwanted operation, under non-fault conditions Unwanted operation of RCDs can occur when a protective conductor current causes the RCD to operate. Item

Cause

Remedy

Computer

leakage current 1mA per each

30mA RCD, 10 computer per circuit

Cooker

Moisture in heating element when cold

Get warm cooker or separate 30mA circuit.

Inverter electronic circuit produce change speed as per cooling requirement, produce high frequency waveforms.

Take manufacture’s advice. Aircondition switch off and on as per cooling. Now, change speed as per cooling, saves energy.

Aircondition, freeze and etc.

Important: Remember RCD protect life and protection DJDLQVW ÀUH Device Trip test button mounted on RCDRCD mounted on RCDRCDRCD General purpose RCDs to BS 4293 and RCD protected socketoutlets to BS 7288

Instrument test current setting

Satisfactory result

Press

RCD to trip

50 % of operating current

Device should not operate

100% of operating current

Device should operate in less than 200 ms.

100% operating 50 % of the rated time current, Selectric S delay plus 200 ms to type or time delay RCD 100 % of the rated time delay plus 200 ms 50 % of operating current

General purpose RCCBs to BS EN 100% of operating 61008 or RCBOs current to BS EN 61009

Device should not operate Device should operate in less than 300 ms If it is of ‘Type S’ (or selective, time delay) which incorporates an intentional time delay. In this case, it should trip within a time range from 130 ms to 500 ms

RCD 30mA additional protection against shock

Testing and Commissioning of RCD during commissioning of electric installation: Remember, RCD is mechanical device with electronic circuit so it is not fail safe. Important: Tripping time has to measure for prevent against electric shock. If tripping time is high or do not RSHUDWH WKHQ LW PD\ FDXVH GHDWK DQG ÀUH

March 2017

1 2 3

Test current 15mA 30mA

Operating time No trip Less than 200 ms (0.2 s)

5times x 30mA =150mA

Less than 40ms (0.04 s)

Note: 1, RCD can trip between 15mA and 30mA. 2, Integral mounted “push button” PRESS to test RCD trip.

45

SpecialFocus

Miniature Circuit breakers (MCB) for final circuits: e.g.: sockets, lights and etc. MCB is widely used for protection against over current and short current by automatic disconnection of supply $'6 GXULQJ IDXOW IRU WKH ÀQDO FLUFXLWV

Final circuits disconnection time (s)

Distribution circuits disconnection time (s)

TN

Less than 0.4

Less than 5

TT

Less than 0.2

Less than 1

System

MCB are available current rating 6A to 100A, fault level 6KA, 10KA.

7ULSSLQJ WLPH IRU ÀQDO FLUFXLW LV V DQG 'LVWULEXWLRQ

h Overcurrent is thermal bimetal, which bends when

circuit is 5s? Why?

temp. increase, open contact h Magnetic trip Solenoid is operated when short

FLUFXLW FXUUHQW Ă RZV RSHUDWH FRQWDFW OHVV LQ seconds. Three types of MCB are available.

Final circuits are connected from socket to moveable WRROV ZLWK à H[LEOH ZLUHV DQG JULS ZLWK KDQG (OHFWULF Shock can paralysis hand so you cannot let go (remove) D WRRO IURP KDQG 'LVWULEXWLRQ FLUFXLW LV FRQQHFWHG WR À[ equipment, you touch and remove hand easily.

TT System: Earth at source and earth consumer Supply phase L1

Supply fuse

Fault path

Linked switch N

Supply neutral

Load N

Protective conductor Main earth terminal L2 L3

Earth

Earth electrode at Earth electrode at Consumer

Earthing of system This is brief introduction to Earthing for system and Earth Loop impedance. There is important and fundamental concept to understand standards. Complete Standards are based on 2 fundamentals: h System Earthing h Earth loop Impedance.

There are three types of Earthing is used, TN, TT, IT. TN is further divide in TN-S, TN-C-S and TN-C. Most widely XVH V\VWHP LV 71 6 77 71 & 6 V\VWHP DV EHORZ Ă€J ,7 system is use in hospital. Please, refer to my previous article detail discussion in January 2017 magazine issue. T means “Tetraâ€? means “Earthâ€? in French.

Time of MCB o trip to prevent during fault Automatic disconnection Supply (ADS) by protective devices during fault in TN and TT is widely use method for protection against electric shock: Example: When fault occurs in washing machine if you touch metal parts then you get shock. To prevent shock, protective device MCB must trip in certain time to protect person from shock. The protective measure ‘automatic disconnection of supply’ by protective device, MCB or fuse, is by far the most common method. Shock risk depends on voltage DQG WRWDO WLPH FXUUHQW Ă RZ

46

Earth Loop impedance in TT installation which widely use in India and world What is Earth Loop Impedance value, Zs: Example Item

designation

Transformer impedance, small so neglected. Main supply phase conductor up to DB Phase conductor impedance from MCB to equipment, Load Circuit Protective conductor, earth wire from equipment to consumer earth electrode Earth Electrode at source

Earth Electrode at consumer

Comment

Impedance, ohms

Small neglected Zmp

1

Zpc

0.5

Zcpc

0.5

Rs

Ground resistance generally high

11 ohms

Rc

Ground resistance generally high (1)

11 ohms

March 2017

SpecialFocus

Total Earth Loop Impedance Value, ELIV.

24 ohms

3

D type,

4

D type,

How Earth Loop Impedance value (ELIV) is calculated? Example for 10A MCB TYPES OF MCB

Current MCB

Maximum Earth loop impedance, ELIV

Where to use

Type B trips in 0.1seconds at 3 to 5 times current

10A MCB trips at 50A

230V/50A = 4.6 ohms

Buildings for lights, sockets and aircondition

Type C trips in 0.1 second at 7 to 10 times current

10A MCB trips in 100A

230V/100A = 2.3 ohms

Type D:

10A MCB trips in 200A

230V/200A = 1.15 ohms

10A MCB trips in 100A

230V/100A = 2.3 ohms.

Type D trips in 0.1second at 20 times Type D trips in 5 seconds at 10 times current

MCB, Type Rated 1 current A 2 3 4 5 6 10 13 15 16 20 25 30 32 40 45 50 60 63 80 100 125 160 200

Reduction of ELIV Values, Temperature and voltage reduction: h Temperature effect: When measuring ELIV with

For 10A MCB applying above reduction factors:

1 2

MCB, 10A rating

ELIV, Ohms

B type

4.6

C type

2.3

1.74

Maximum measured values of Zs for circuit-breakers or the overcurrent characteristic of RCBOs as per BS 3871 or BS EN 60898 or RCBOs to BS EN 61009

ELIV of other MCBs rating can be calculated as above.

reduces during fault. multiply by 0.95.

1.84

Maximum measured values of earth fault loop impedance, (ELIV)

Welding machines and high starting current of motors.

h Voltage effect: Voltage nominal is 230V. Voltage

2.3

9HULĂ€FDWLRQ )LQDO (/9, DSSO\ IDFWRU LV DV SHU %6 table below for 10A MCB.

Buildings, Industrial motors and etc.

meter, you measure at room temperature 25 C. During fault temp increase, Value reduce, multiply by 0.8

0.87

5 S trip

exceed 200 ohms. resistance taken.

0.92

0.1 S trip

h In practice ground resistance at consumer must not h Cable or wire less than 16mm square only

1.15

N/A N/A N/A 8.73 7.28 4.36 N/A 2.91 2.72 2.18 1.74 1.45 1.36 1.08 0.96 0.87 N/A 0.68 0.54 0.43 N/A N/A N/A

Type 2

Type B

Type 3 &C

0.4 and 5 seconds N/A N/A N/A 4.99 4.16 2.49 N/A 1.66 1.56 1.24 0.99 0.83 0.77 0.62 0.55 0.49 N/A 0.39 0.31 0.24 N/A N/A N/A

N/A 11.64 N/A N/A 5.82 3.49 N/A N/A 2.18 1.74 1.39 N/A 1.08 0.87 0.77 0.69 N/A 0.55 0.43 0.34 0.27 N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A 3.49 2.91 1.74 N/A 1.16 1.08 0.87 0.69 0.57 0.54 0.43 0.38 0.34 N/A 0.27 0.21 0.16 0.13 N/A N/A

5S

N/A N/A N/A 1.74 1.45 0.87 N/A 0.57 0.54 0.43 0.34 0.28 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.16 N/A 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.06 N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A 3.49 2.91 1.74 N/A 1.16 1.08 0.87 0.69 0.57 0.54 0.43 0.38 0.34 N/A 0.27 0.21 0.16 0.13 N/A N/A

Note: 1

ELIV for Fuses, refer to standard. MCB widely use, rating are available up to 10KA, if Fault level current DW ÀQDO FLUFXLWV LQ '% PRUH WKDQ .$ WKHQ )XVH are use.

2

Type MCB has higher ELIV then Type C and D. Type MCB C has higher ELIV then type D.

Final ELVI, Apply 0.95 factor

3.68

3.49

3

1.74

ZZZ QLFHLF FRP ZZZ HOHFVD FR XN www.eca.co.uk

March 2017

0.4 S

N/A (Not Applicable) – indicates that the device is not available or not appropriate.

ELVI, Apply 0. 8 factor, Ohms

1.84

Type D

47

SpecialFocus

What shall be maximum length of final circuits from DB for lights, sockets etc. This is very interesting and important subject. Depends of 2 factors as below, h Voltage drop, refer to standards. h ELIV

Maximum length for final considering ELIV depends on following

2 3 4

Increase size of protective conductor, earth wire. Install 100mA RCD Equipotential bonding of equipment metal parts to accessible nearby metal parts.

TN-S System, Earth Neutral Separate: Earthing, protective conductor is cable and wire. Impedance low to trip MCB in 0.1 second h Increase size of protective conductor h Install RCD 100mA h Additional Equipotential bonding

h MCB current rating h (/,9 RI ÀQDO FLUFXLW GHSHQGV RQ VXE PDLQ FLUFXLW

uppl phase

IURP PHWHU URRP WR à DW '% UHVLVWDQFH RI SKDVH DQG protective wires from DB to lights or socket and etc. or earth electrode resistance in TT. Refers to cables and wires resistance and impedance in standards or manufacture’s catalogue. h Cables less than 16mm2, resistances value taken. h Current rating will effect voltage drop not ELIV

Example, Maximum length of final circuits typical In: current rating of MCB, Ib: load current, Allowed installations Methods: refer to standards Light circuits

In

6A

Ib

4A

10A 5A

10A

8.2 A

Protective Device

MCB Type B

MCB Type B

MCB Type B

Max Allowed measured Max. Zs installation Length (rule of methods thumb) 103, 101, A, 1.0/1.0 43m 6.13 ohm 100, 102, C 103, 101, A, 1.5/1.0 104m 3.68 ohm 100, 102, C Cable csa, mm2

1.5/1.0

52m

103, 101, A, 100, 102, C

3.68 ohm

Radial circuits for Sockets Max Allowed Cable measured Max. Protective Load installation csa, In Ib Zs (rule of Length Device methods mm2 thumb) A, 100, MCB 1.84 ohm 3500W 2.5/1.5 40m 20A 16A 102, C Type B 100, 101, MCB 1.47 5500W 4.0/1.5 40m 25A 23A 102, A, C Type B MCB 4.0/1.5 33m C 1.15 ohm 7000W 32A 30A Type B IF ELIV is high 1 you can install MCB C to B and change MCB D to C or B. if possible.

48

1

uppl use

ault path

in ed switch

oad

uppl neutral

Main earth terminal Consumer unit

Earth

TN-C-S System, Earth Neural combine then separate This is widely use in Europe and USA. Protective conductor is neutral up to consumer then at consumer earth terminal one more protective conductor wire is taken. We use neutral as protective conductor so we low resistance path to trip MCB uppl phase 1

uppl use

ault path

in ed switch

oad

uppl neutral

Main earth terminal Consumer unit

Earth

IT system, Isolated earth, No earth electrode at source: use in special location, hospital: Earth Loop Impedance meter to measure for impedance values: cost Rs. 20,000/-

Earth loop Impedance meter measure follwing items: 1

Item

Comment

Measure Earth loop impedance phase and earth up to source Low impedance require as per table

Protection against VKRFN DQG ÀUH 0&% to trip

March 2017

SpecialFocus

2

Polartiy of socket

Socket will switch off for phase wire and not for neutral. Polarity reverse then socket is not switch off but still phase is connected.

3

Short circuit current at point of testing

Voltage divide by ELI measure short circuit current

4

Measure earth electrode resistance easily for TT installation

TT installation has earth electrode, separate wire in meter to measure

Check earth is applied to metal part of equipment and metal parts of gas and water pipes

Check with seperat earth wire in meter

5

Why RCD fail? $V SHU (OHFWULF VDIHW\ FRXQFLO 8. IRXQG WKDW À[HG 5&'V are about 97% reliable. This improves if they are tested regularly with integral push button mounted on RCD every 3 months. Remember – Although RCD protection reduces the risk of death or injury from electric shock it does not reduce the need to be careful. RCD is not fail safe device, as published by the Electrical Safety Council, UK, However the research has led to a better understanding of why RCDs fail. A preliminary report from the Council after testing 607 RCDs records a failure rate of 3.8%, dropping to 2.8% when RCDs that had been deliberately shorted out, bypass by customer, are removed from the sample. Why does an RCD fail? The likely causes are: 1

Deliberate shorting out (to prevent nuisance tripping)

When RCCB will not protect against shock and limitation

2

Ingress of moisture and contaminants

3

Component misalignment

RCD will not protect against live-neutral shocks, because the current in the live and neutral is balanced.

4

Disruption of contact surfaces causing contact welding After lightning, there is increase in failure of RCD. Due to surge in voltage.

Phase and neutral arching fault or Phase to phase arcing fault then RCD will not trip. Overcome this problem AFDD (Arc Fault detector Device) device is develop RCD will not operate overheating, arc if conductors are not tight properly RCD will not protect against a socket outlet being wired with its live and neutral terminals the wrong way round.

Non sine waveforms and DC issue Waveform on load side may not by sine Wave, The selection of RCDs in respect of load d.c. components is an issue that is often overlooked by designers. RCDs DUH FODVVLÀHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU UHVSRQVH WR G F VLJQDOV DV follows: Ask manufacturer’s advice which type RCD to use. Type AC This class of device generally only detect sinusoidal alternating residual currents. They may not detect non-sinusoidal, non-alternating residual components. These non-sinusoidal currents are present in many items of equipment, e.g. virtually all equipment with a switched mode power supply will have a d.c. component, as do battery chargers and X-ray machines etc. Type A This class of device will detect residual current of both a.c. and pulsating d.c. and are known as d.c. sensitive RCDs. They cannot be used on steady d.c. loads. Type B This type will detect a.c., pulsating d.c. and steady d.c. residual currents.

March 2017

5

Discussion The ingress of moisture and dust was reckoned by many researchers as a major cause of failure. Either moving parts in electromechanical RCDs get clogged up, or electronically-operated RCDs.

Conclusion These faults, in most cases, can be picked up by pressing the test button on RCD every 3 months If do not trip, UHSODFH ZLWKRXW GHOD\ E\ TXDOLĂ€HG HOHFWUWLF SURIHVVLRQDO In fact the main conclusion is that the reliability of RCDs will greatly improve if the test button that subjects the device to an earth-fault condition is operated regularly.

Recommendations Check your RCDs regularly by depressing the test button. This will improve their reliability. Replace if dud.

Protection against fire, Arching fault current detection device (AFDD) They are used widely use in USA since 2003. Since 2014, International Standard IEC 60364 recommends the use of AFDDs. RCD and AFDD are available together. If there is phase to phase fault or phase to neutral in HOHFWULF ZLUH WKHQ 5&' ZLOO 127 GHWHFW ÀUH 7KH RQO\ HIIHFWLYH SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW HOHFWULFDO ÀUHV WKDW FRXOG EH caused by arcing is to use an arc fault protection device. These are referred to as AFCIs in North America, and as AFDDs in most of the rest of the world.

49

SpecialFocus

3URWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW ÀUH P$ 5&' LV XVH EXW P$ is preferable. The European Fire Academy (http://www. HXURSHDQÀUHDFDGHP\ FRP HVWLPDWHV WKDW WKH ÀUHV WRWDO QXPEHU RI ÀUHV WKDW RFFXU LQ Europe each year represent more than 4,000 deaths and 100,000 injuries. The buildings involved are residential buildings in more than 80 % of cases. Electricity is a very UHJXODUO\ LGHQWLÀHG FDXVH RI GRPHVWLF ÀUHV

Question and Answer Q1, What types of electrical equipment can be installed in bathroom? h /LJKW ÀWWLQJ SUHIHUDEO\ LQVXODWHG PXVW EH ZDWHU

proof minimum IPX5.

h All circuits must be protected by 30mA RCD. h No exhaust fan, water heater and socket must not

be installed in bathroom

h Exhaust Fan 12V AC can be installed. Available in

market for bathroom.

h I think best option is water proof light and

ventilation grill or 12V exhaust fan.

Outdoor equipment Landscape lights and moveable equipment Outdoor are HIGH increase shock risk location, where many accidents happen. Outdoor electrical installations are most discussed and challenging for shock protection. Location: Standing on open ground, wet body, wet area, bare foot, and low resistance earth to source. May be FXWV LQ à H[LEOH ZLUH RI HTXLSPHQW ([DPSOH 2XWGRRU ZHW ORFDWLRQ à H[LEOH ZLUH LV FXW GXULQJ XVLQJ HTXLSPHQW 7RXFKLQJ OLYH à H[LEOH ZLUH GXULQJ XVH so person was dead. Outdoor lights and equipment are widely use. Light FDQ EH À[HG RQ SHULPHWHU ZDOO OLJKW À[ RQ WKH SDWK GHFRUDWLYH OLJKWV à H[LEOH OLJKWV ZLWKLQ UHDFK RI SHUVRQ Fix pole light, Lawn mower, drill and etc. h All electrical items shall be water proof to IP

protection to IPX4 or IPX5. h All MOVABLE items with less than 32A must be protected by 30mA RCD. This RCD must be installed indoor. h 'HFRUDWLYH PRYDEOH OLJKW ÀWWLQJV VKDOO EH 9 $& RU 30V DC. Omitting RCD protection for any socket-outlet is a serious matter and must never be done lightly.

Summary 1. Residual current device (RCD) is generic name for protection against ELECTRIC SHOCK AND FIRE. Further divided as below: RCCB, 30mA is use for protection against electric shock, basic and fault protection. RCBO is use for protection against Electric shock and overcurrent. 2. 3URWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW ÀUH RCD 300mA is very effective IRU SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW ÀUH ,(& VWDQGDUG UHFRPPHQGV to use widely. Where to use in electrical installation?

50

Refer to standards. 3. In Building, All sockets and preferably lights shall be protected by RCD 30mA. 4. One RCD in DB, if trips then you will lose complete power supply. One option: RCBO in each circuit e.g.: senior citizen home or children schools. Second option: Install 2 or 3 RCD the divide light and socket circuit in 2 or3 RCD. 5. RCD waveform is subject to AC or AC with pulsating DC or AC with high frequency. There are three types of RCD develop. Type A, AC and B. Ask manufacturer’s advice. 5&' SURWHFW OLIH DQG SURWHFW DJDLQVW ÀUH ,W LV QRW fail safe. RCD is mechanical device with electronic circuit it must trip in MILLISECONDS to protect life. 7. Automatic disconnection of protection device (ADS) is widely used method for protection against electric shock. E.g. MCB. Earth Loop impedance Value (ELIV) must be measured with meter to know phase to earth impedance value to trip MCB. RCD is use as ADDTIONAL protection. 8. RCD unwanted tripping: due to leakage current for equipment, computer has about 1mA leakage FXUUHQW DV ÀOWHU FLUFXLW DUH PRXQWHG HDUWK OHDNDJH current in cooker and etc. 9. ALL circuits in Bathroom and outdoor MUST be protected by 30mA RCD as these are HIGH INCREASE SHOCK RISK LOCATION. All electric items must be weather proof to IPX4 or IPX5. 10. RCD is mechanical switch, RCD shall be tested with integral mounted PUSH TEST BUTTON every 3 months. Main cause of failure is dust and failure of electronic circuit. REFERENCES IET is professional Engineering institute which publish all standards, BS7671 and Guides as per referenced 6. 1.

www.iet.org, “Requirement of Electrical Installation IEE Wiring Regulationsâ€? British Standard 7671:2008. IET (Institute of Engineering and Technology), UK, 2. www.iet.org, publish “wiring Mattersâ€? every 3 months, which explain BS7671. 3. Electrical Contractor Association (ECA), UK, “Guide to the Wiring Regulations, 17th Edition, IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671: 2008)â€?, by Darrell Locke, www.eca.co.uk. 4. The Electrician’s Guide to the IEE Wiring Regulations BS7671:2008, $PHQGPHQW %\ -RKQ :KLWĂ€HOG (3$ 3UHVV 8. \RX FDQ JHW WKLV book on www.amazon.in 5. Electrical Installation Guide 2016, (IEC), is Published by Schneider Electric, leading French company in world. 6. IET, develop and publish the BS7671:2008 guide to standards as below ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R 6HOHFWLRQ DQG HUHFWLRQ ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R ,VRODWLRQ DQG VZLWFKLQJ ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R ,QVSHFWLRQ DQG WHVWLQJ ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R 3URWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW Ă€UH ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1R 3URWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW HOHFWULF VKRFN ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R 3URWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW RYHUFXUUHQW ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R 6SHFLDO ORFDWLRQV ‡ ,(( *XLGDQFH 1RWH 1R (DUWKLQJ DQG ERQGLQJ ‡ ,(( 2Q VLWH *XLGH *XLGDQFH IRU WKH VPDOO LQVWDOODWLRQ ZZZ HOHFWULFVDIHW\Ă€UVW RUJ XN LV SDUW RI (OHFWULF 6DIHW\ FRXQFLO 8. Consumer friendly information. Ć“

Gajaria Gokaldas

B.E.and M.E. (USA), Worked in US Navy and Ministry of Electricity and water in Bahrain for 25 years

March 2017

IInFocus nFocus

uring FY 2015-16, the shortage condition was prevailed in the Country both in terms of energy and peaking availability. As per the CEA Load Generation balance report for FY 2016-17, the country is likely to experience the energy surplus of 1.1% and peak surplus of 2.6%. State-wise power supply position shows that almost half of the states would be either surplus or balanced, and the remaining states would face both peaking and energy shortages in varying degrees. However, the actual shortage in a state would depend on the extent to which the state is able to get additional power from the surplus states. Surplus energy is anticipated of the order of 3.3% and 6.9% in the Southern and Western Regions respectively. Northern, Eastern and North-Eastern regions are likely to face energy shortage of 1.8%, 10.3% and 8.3% respectively. The peaking shortages are likely to prevail mainly in the Northern, Southern and NorthEastern Regions to the tune of 1.6%, 10.0% and 3.8% respectively. It may be seen that the hydro rich State having run of the river schemes viz. Himachal Pradesh is surplus in energy during monsoon period, while it would face shortage conditions during the winter low LQÁRZ PRQWKV ZKHQ WKH JHQHUDWLRQ

52

from hydro schemes dwindles to the minimum. Some of the states have both peaking and energy surplus on annual basis. Karnataka and Kerala have surplus in terms of energy whereas Rajasthan, Manipur, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh will be in comfortable position in terms of peak on annual basis. All other States in the country would face shortages of varying degrees both in term of energy and peaking. Is India really power surplus? h With

nearly six crore rural households, not having an electricity connection, the reported numbers underestimate the country’s real demand for electricity.

h Many urban households, too,

have no electricity connection.

h Also, the supply of electricity

to farmers (which is subsidised or free) is limited to few hours every day.

h It is these limited hours of

supply that are taken into account while calculating the power requirement of agricultural customers to arrive DW WKH RYHUDOO GHÀFLW RU VXUSOXV

h 7KH GHÀFLW LV RQO\ FDSWXULQJ WKH

unmet demand of the people connected to the grid.

h In an absolute sense, the

availability of 24x7 power supply to all, we still have a GHÀFLW

A weakening balance between electricity supply and demand is a major contributing factor to the volatility of prices on the electricity market, and poses numerous technical challenges. Certain sources, such as wind and solar energy, are irregular and intermittent. Effectively, this contributes to the electric system becoming more fragile. Energy suppliers need to learn how to manage new situations in which there is an increasing gap between production and consumption, such as a potential overproduction of electricity during a low-consumption period. They must also limit the impact of introducing renewable energy sources on the strength of electrical grids. Wind power potential is concentrated in 8-9 wind resource rich states. These windy states may not consume wind power beyond their RPO limit and therefore, wind power is to be stored and evacuated from these resources rich states to the off-taker states at their requirement. The share of renewable energy in India’s installed capacity increasing continuously.

March 2017

InFocus

The Indian Government is pushing one of the most ambitions renewable energy programme any where in the world, to ramp up renewable HQHUJ\ DQG Ă€JKW FOLPDWH FKDQJH simultaneously. A bigger problem is how to handle a higher share of solar or wind in terms of its impact on managing the grid stability due to intermittent availability of renewable energy sources. These problems primarily revolve around the need to deal with large scale integration of renewable energy into the grid and include the complexities of backing down long term thermal power, the development of energy storage projects, deviations in scheduling and contractual obligations of long terms contracts. Backing down long term thermal power projects must run power accommodating LQĂ€UP SRZHU LV XQVXVWDLQDEOH ERWK WHFKQLFDOO\ DQG Ă€QDQFLDOO\ DQG will be a big challenge for system operators to deal with it. Various “compensatoryâ€? solutions make it possible to better understand the challenges related to disparities between supply and demand and the fragility of electrical grids. Tools such as interconnection, energy demand side management and energy storage, are currently used to address this type of problem. Energy storage involves “accumulating HQHUJ\ LQ D VSHFLĂ€F SODFH IRU XVH at a later timeâ€?. Energy storage is a promising technology for better incorporating and using renewable HQHUJ\ VRXUFHV HIĂ€FLHQWO\ ZLWKLQ WKH electrical grid. Use of these sources is essential, because public policy favours distinct de-carbonisation of the energy mix. This should be able to be achieved by an increased contribution of renewable energies in the energy mix. While storage is expected to be set as a technical imperative due to indirect support from the public authorities, it also presents numerous economic advantages. For suppliers, energy storage is an opportunity to counter the volatility of electricity prices. For consumers, it could help reduce consumption costs. However, it remains a highly disruptive element

March 2017

in the energy sector in regard to the new challenges which arise and its ability to effectively address them. India is anticipated to become one of the best markets for adoption of energy storage technologies due to several drivers like fastest growing economy, increasing share of renewables, transmission constraints, need for providing 24x7 quality power and electric mobility mission. In order to ensure well directed investment in the area of electricity storage in the country, it is important to have the business PRGHOV WKDW ÀWV ZLWK WKH SUHVHQW legal and regulatory framework. The other relevant aspects are purpose, use of storage facility and its tariff recovery from the users. India is also looking at an innovative electrical power storage technology that promises to offer consumers a source of quality power as a green DQG UHOLDEOH DOWHUQDWLYH WR à LFNHULQJ supply from battery storage or diesel generators in distant or offgrid locations.

Need of Energy Storage System The increasing share of renewable generations in the grid has impacted the traditional approach of balancing. The renewable sources with un-priced fuel such as Wind, Solar Power are intermittent in nature, that is, their output depends on external conditions, such as sunshine or wind. The value and timing of their output are not controllable. Energy storage is the capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time. Energy storage involves converting HQHUJ\ IURP IRUPV WKDW DUH GLIĂ€FXOW to store to more conveniently or economically storable forms. Bulk energy storage is dominated by pumped hydro, which accounts for most of global energy storage. Energy storage is one of the major stakes in ensuring lasting energy security. A balance between electricity supply and demand is crucial in order for electrical grids to function properly, but this balance is weakening due to increasing demand. While energy storage

makes it possible to address numerous technical challenges, it is also contributing to a lasting transformation of the energy sector. The hydroelectric generating stations with un-priced fuel are traditionally used to meet the peak load or intermediate load; however, most of the time, it is not adequate to meet the gap of peak demand. The peaking generating stations, with high variable cost, are intended to bridge the gap between peak and base load. These generating stations are capable to start and stop quickly and operate when high ramping rate is required. The precise balancing of electricity demand and generation is achieved by adjusting output of generating stations such as hydroelectric and gas based generating stations. The use of gas based generating stations for balancing purpose is uneconomical as it increases the power purchase cost of distribution licensees due to higher price of natural gas in India. The decentralized market structure provides individual market entities to be more responsive in complying with grid discipline rules of balancing their generation and demand. The regulators have mandated volume limits on over - drawal and under-drawal RI HOHFWULFLW\ E\ DQ\ EHQHĂ€FLDU\ or a buyer and under injection or over-injection of electricity by a generating station or a seller in order to maintain grid frequency between 49.95 Hz and 50.05 Hz. Load serving entities are severely affected due to these grid discipline UXOHV EHFDXVH RI YDULDWLRQ RI Ă RZ over the periphery on account of XQFRQWUROOHG Ă XFWXDWLRQ RI ORDG Further, the intermittent nature of renewable generation within the periphery of load serving entities will further contribute to variation of SRZHU Ă RZ RYHU WKH SHULSKHU\ The need for modernizing the grid will help the nation to meet the challenge of handling projected energy needs as well as increasing energy from renewable sources while maintaining a robust and resilient electricity delivery system.

53

InFocus

7KHVH FKDOOHQJHV ZDUUDQW D VSHFLĂ€F energy storage solution to cater to peak demand and to address the variability of intermittent generation. In this context, need is felt for VSHFLĂ€F (OHFWULFLW\ 6WRUDJH 6\VWHP that would provide economically feasible Electricity Storage Services to address these challenges.

Purpose of Electrical Storage System (QHUJ\ VWRUDJH FDQ SOD\ D VLJQLĂ€FDQW role in meeting challenges by improving the operating capabilities of the grid, lowering power purchase cost and ensuring high reliability by maintaining unscheduled interchange as well as deferring and reducing infrastructure investments in new projects. The most common form of grid energy storage in the India is pump storage Hydro electricity, in which electrical energy is converted to gravitational potential energy, which is subsequently converted back to electricity by running the water down through a turbine. Pumpstorage hydroelectric plants is one of the mature technologies for the bulk electricity storage, However, It is yet to carve a niche for itself in the overall basket of about 310 GW installed capacity as on date in the country. Therefore relying only on the traditional approach for storing electricity through a pump-storage hydroelectric plant would not be adequate and thus, unconventional

bulk electricity storage would be required.

system

effect, increasing the value of renewable power;

The renewable dominated States DUH IDFLQJ VSHFLÀF FKDOOHQJHV IRU maintaining reliability. The Electricity Storage System can play a vital role in addressing these challenges in renewable dominated States. The application of the Electricity Storage System is envisaged for the renewable dominated States for time shifting of the renewable generation, optimal utilization of the available generation, shifting of generation at the time when it is required and utilization of the renewable generator for longer period. It is envisaged that the Electricity Storage System can address issues with the shifting of generation, regulating dispatch RI HOHFWULFLW\ PDLQWDLQLQJ à RZ control in transmission system and strengthening reliability of the power system without adding capacity from the traditional and variable sources of power. Renewable Energy integration with storage will be part of the wider picture in realizing India’s commitments towards climate change mitigation.

b. The Energy Storage System can be deployed to address the issues of peak demand by shifting delivery of economical generation output during peak period;

Benefits of Electricity Storage System a. The Energy Storage System can enhance the reliability of delivery of power generated from wind and solar technologies by controlling the intermittent nature of the generation and in

c. Storage could address reliability of power system for ensuring frequency at recommended level. Storage could be an alternative method of providing spinning reserves or ancillary support services. d. Storage could be used to LPSURYH WKH HIĂ€FLHQF\ RI SRZHU system through storage of excess generation over and above required generation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by wasteful excess capacity; e. Energy storage can reduce the need for major augmentation of new transmission grid. Additionally, distributed storage can reduce line congestion and line-loss by moving electricity at off-peak times, reducing the need for overall generation during peak times. f.

By reducing peak loading (and overloading) of transmission lines, storage can extend the life of existing infrastructure;

g. Energy storage can play an important role in black start operation during emergency preparedness which provides robustness to the power system operation. h. Storage facility use for optimization of generation by shifting the generation output from one period to another. The generating companies and distribution licensees could opt to shift demand or consumption. Generating companies could use storage facility to enhance the market value of its generation by shifting off-peak generation to more lucrative peak periods. i.

54

Further possible use of a storage facility is to store generation

March 2017

InFocus

RXWSXW IRU PDLQWDLQLQJ ÁRZ RI SRZHU RYHU WLH OLQH 7KH ÁRZ control of tie-line is important to address the congestion in the transmission system and for reliable operation of the transmission system. j.

Storage System can minimize the deviation from schedule dispatch or drawl. The deviation from schedule attract huge penalty particularly the deviation which is detrimental to the grid.

k. The storage service will be useful for providing the regulation service to the system operator at the rates of ancillary service decided by the Commission.

Regulatory Jurisdiction The policy and regulatory framework for energy storage systems presently does not exist in the country. In the absence of a policy and regulatory framework, it is not possible to establish the revenue generation model for energy storage system developers and the investment will remain muted. While there is an established need of storage system in areas such as frequency regulation, renewable generation, generation shift etc., there are uncertainties in regard to their applications in the industry as well as jurisdiction of the appropriate Commission. A well established regulatory oversight may direct the investment in the area of storage technologies. Various issues such as planning criteria, cost structure, grid connectivity of storage services, tariff structure and recovery methods, cost effectiveness criteria, standardization of operational norms, incentives, and rebates etc. are to be addressed. The issue of jurisdiction of storage facilities is important to address for the proper development of storage technologies. On the other hand, a storage facility can also be considered as one that enables the primary generator to sell at wholesale, either directly

March 2017

or through intermediaries, to the load-serving entities or distribution licensees who receive the energy discharged from the storage facility. Under this character, the storage facility is akin to a generating station. Different types of storage facilities are likely to warrant GLIIHUHQW UHJXODWRU\ FODVVLÀFDWLRQV and treatments. If the storage facility was owned by a different owner then what would be the economic consequences and what regulatory treatment would be necessary. A range of regulatory modes need be employed for addressing regulatory requirements of storage facilities.

Challenges to the deployment of Energy Storage System: Development of Energy Storage System in India has several challenges. Addressing these challenge’s could boost interest and acceptance in storage technologies for investment and utilization by the stakeholders. Some of the challenges are as follows: i.

Deployment and acceptance of grid storage are in their infancy, presently there is no policy and regulatory framework in the country. Industry acceptance would create a need for policy framework. A lack of well established policy and regulatory framework may inhibit the investment in the sector.

ii. A reduction of costs will requires extensive engineering research and development for new storage concepts and materials used for it. The cost also involves the factors such as technical risk mitigation, controlling the uncertainties at the early stage of deployment, operational uncertainties etc. Advanced research at international level is expected to reduce the cost of storage technologies. iii. Though storage technologies will not pollute the environment by emission of greenhouse gases but it involves the use of chemicals. The enhanced

life cycle of battery will require the periodical replacement of this chemical. The disposal of this chemical may involve the environment concerns. Presently, no policies are existing to address the environment concerns arising out of deployment of storage facilities. iv. The electro chemical storage facilities may be hazardous from various aspects and have WR EH WUHDWHG ZLWK VSHFLÀF safety considerations. The safety norms for grid based storage technologies will have an impact on cost and business plan. The safety standards and procedures for the different storage technologies need to be developed for proper deployment. v. Stakeholders acceptance is a key to deployment of storage technology. There is no clarity on how storage technology will be used in practice and how new storage technologies will perform over time in applications. What will be the market rules for operating storage technologies in the grid? In the present scenario, the planning criteria do not envisage deployment of the grid level storage facilities. vi. The issue regarding the requirements of storage facilities in the grid is big challenge. What FDQ EH WKH VSHFLÀF FULWHULD WR EH considered for development of storage facilities and associated transmission system? vii. Whether Electricity storage technology is expected to achieve commercial viability and acceptance in international market viii. What could be the appropriate PRGHO IRU À[DWLRQ RI WDULII for multiple uses of storage facilities? Clarity regarding the tariff of the Energy Storage System to determined under cost plus or competitive bidding basis as a part of augmentation of generation or transmission assets.

55

InFocus

ix. There is need of norms for operational or performance parameters for recovery of the FRVW :KDW W\SH RI ÀQDQFLDO DQG QRQÀQDQFLDO GDWD LI DQ\ DQG what level of detail need to be reported to regulators for the VWRUDJH WHFKQRORJLHV IRU À[DWLRQ of cost based tariff. x. Scheduling, energy accounting and open access are also challenges for grid operators. The role of system operators and Transmission Utility in operations and planning of the Electricity Storage System need to be assign. xi. The regulatory aspects such as depreciation rates, tariff structure and recovery methods, costeffectiveness criteria, incentives, and rebates etc. are to be addressed by the Commission.

xii. Storing solar energy for night time use actually increases both energy consumption and emissions compared with sending excess solar energy directly to the utility grid. It is also found that storing solar energy for nighttime use increases a household’s annual energy consumption, in comparison with using solar panels without storage, because storage consumes some energy every time it charges and discharges.

Conclusion At present, there are various uncertainties on practical use of storage technology, performance of new storage technologies in the Indian environment, its applications

and the governing market rules for operating storage technologies in the grid. These uncertainties may inhibit the interest and acceptance in storage technologies for investment and utilization by the stakeholders. Electricity storage facility is required in the Indian Power System to address the various challenges. The well established policy and regulatory framework for the Electricity Storage System at this infancy stage may channelize the investment in this segment of the power sector. Ć“ Ashok Upadhyay BE (Electrical), M Tech. Hon. (Ind. Engg.) M. Phil (Renewable Energy), PHD Scholar Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

Form IV (See Rule 3) Statement about ownership and other particulars about Newspaper IEEMA Journal 1. Place of publication

:

Mumbai

2. Periodicity of its publication

:

Monthly

3. Printer’s Name

:

Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra

Nationality

:

Indian

Address

:

Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

4. Publisher’s Name

:

Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra

Nationality

:

Indian

Address

:

Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

5. Editor’s Name

:

Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra

Nationality

:

Indian

Address

:

Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

: 6. Names and addresses of ndividuals who own the newspapers and partners or shareholders holding more than one per cent of the total capital

Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

I, Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. (Mr. Sunil Kumar Misra) Signature of Publisher Dated: 1st March, 2017

56

March 2017

IInDepth nDepth

ecent developments in wind energy generation, both technically and economically have led to an increasing deployment of this renewable energy source in the electricity generation cycle in many countries. +RZHYHU LW LV EHFRPLQJ LQFUHDVLQJO\ GLIĂ€FXOW WR LJQRUH WKH problems and challenges that arise as the penetration level of wind energy into the electricity networks increases WR VLJQLĂ€FDQW SHUFHQWDJH )URP DPRQJ WKHVH FKDOOHQJHV the intermittent nature of wind power and occasional ODUJH Ă XFWXDWLRQV GXH WR VWRFKDVWLF EHKDYLRU RI ZHDWKHU conditions need to be managed in order to prevent some undesirable and potentially destructive impacts on the stability of the electricity grids.

renewable energy to be stored at off-peak demand times when the price of electricity is low. This stored energy can be sold simultaneously with the generated wind power at peak demand times when the electricity price is VLJQLĂ€FDQWO\ KLJK 7KLV W\SLFDOO\ UHIHUUHG DV ´WLPH VKLIWLQJÂľ If recent developments in several advanced countries in phasing out nuclear energy within the next 20 years were any guide, the penetration level of renewable energy would be expected to increase. When this occurs, it will be more than likely that wind and other renewable HQHUJ\ IDUP RSHUDWRUV ZLOO EH SUHVVXUL]HG WR SURYLGH Ă€UP power dispatch, in a manner similar to that provided by conventional power stations.

One technical feasible solution to mitigate these problems is the integration of an energy storage system (ESS). Such a solution can provide added value through greater reliability, improved power quality, energy availability and overall reduced energy generation cost. One strategy to smooth the power from wind turbine generators (WTG) relies on the actions of the WTG pitch angle control and the associated power converters which UHGXFHV FRQVLGHUDEO\ WKH à XFWXDWLRQV LQ WKH ZLQG IDUP RXWSXW SRZHU %XW LW UHPDLQV D FKDOOHQJLQJ WDVN WR ÀUPO\ commit the wind farm output power several hours or a day ahead. Such short term power dispatch ability is an advantage enjoyed by most conventional thermal stations. Deregulated energy markets in many countries provide an opportunity to install ESS due to electricity price variations based on market driven electricity supply and demand. Thus a ESS enables wind or any other

Among the various ESS options available to achieve the ÀUP SRZHU GLVSDWFK REMHFWLYH SXPSHG K\GUR VWRUDJH (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES) and battery energy storage system (BESS) could be suitable FRQWHQGHUV IRU IXOÀOOLQJ WKH HQHUJ\ PDQDJHPHQW IXQFWLRQ As the present day wind farm typically has a capacity of upto a few hundred MW, BESS and super capacitor ESS is more appropriate in terms of its power and energy capacities. PHS & CAES are intended for applications which require much higher energy storage capacities. Also BESS is more versatile unlike PHS & CAES as it does QRW UHTXLUH XQLTXH JHRJUDSKLF WHUUDLQ RU VLJQLÀFDQW ODQG area. However if the BESS charging/ discharging cycles would be so high that it can reduce the useful life span of the BESS to an unacceptable level, a possible solution to this problem is to add a supplementary short term ESS to the BESS and form a hybrid ESS (HESS). Possible

March 2017

57

InDepth

short term ESS can be in the form of superconducting PDJQHWLF HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH 0(6 à \ZKHHO HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH )(6 DQG D FDSDFLWRU RU VXSHUFDSDFLWRU HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH (SC). However due to high cost and environmental issues DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK VWURQJ PDJQHWLF ÀHOG 60(6 LV XQOLNHO\ WR be suitable. The SC is deemed more suitable as its cost/ .:K LV DERXW WLPHV ORZHU WKDQ )(6 7KH FRQYHQWLRQDO capacitor has characteristics similar to that of SC except that its size is about 100 times larger and its cycle life is only half that of SC. In comparing the SC with BESS, the 6& KDV PXFK KLJKHU VSHFLÀF SRZHU GHQVLW\ DQG F\FOH life, although it is less economical in terms of storing large amount of energy. Hence BESS backed up with SC and ESS is the most optimum approach for realizing despatchable energy from WTG power generator. The BESS is to participate in the energy management function and allows power to be committed several hours or even a day ahead, whereas SC is to address short term power shortage. As the SC in the HESS is designed to handle short term power quality issues, the WTRG shall be able to operate at the maximum power harness state. ESS including 2 MW-2s ride through supercapacitor based uninterrupted power supple and 34MW 245 MWh sodium sulfur BESS installed in a 51 MW wind farm is already working in Japan and Holland.

BESS and SC service lifetime Expected lifetime is at most 15 years. Usage factors that affect the battery life span are mainly depth of discharge (DOD) and rate of change of the charging/ discharging SRZHU UDPS UDWH )RU UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ DSSOLFDWLRQ the typical DOD of batteries ranges from 50%-90%. Even when the battery operates below its rated power level, the rate of charge in the charging/ discharging power should be controlled. Subjecting the battery to charge/discharge ramp-rate faster than what the chemicals can react, causes localized overcharge/over discharge conditions inside the battery. The life span of an SC is affected by its operating temperature and voltage. Since the SC used in the wind farm/PV farm HESS scheme is generally house inside a building where temperature control is done, the effects of both the operating temperature and voltage on SC (as grid would actively exercise voltage control) are negligible

Control system An intelligent control system for wind farm dispatching using a BESS in time shifting application is necessary to manage the amount of net energy generation sold to the electricity market. The control system consists of three main parts: a)

A decision making part for preparing an online tracking reference power signal based on electricity price and peak/off-peak demand periods of the day

b)

A controller part based on model predictive control (MPC)

58

F $ IX]]\ ORJLF FRQWURO )/& SDUW 6LQFH WKHLU ÀUVW application in chemical process industry MPC algorithms are now widely used in industry including power and renewable energy system. The main advantage of MPC algorithms that makes it so practical is that the process constraints can be explicitly taken into account in the controller design IRU LWV RSWLPXP RSHUDWLRQ )/& LV DOVR DSSOLHG LQ WKH control system to update the generated reference power signal to facilitate the operation of MP for tracking performance objective using the BESS charging/discharging conditions. The application of these known control algorithms in conjunction with an online reference power signal generator analyses the problem of controlling winds farms power distich integrated with BESS and makes the most optimum control system. The control system realizes higher controllability of the wind farm power dispatch with the BESS in the electricity market in a stable and robust manner.

Use of Supercapacitor Batteries used in BESS system have atypical service OLIH )RU H[DPSOH OHDG DFLG EDWWHULHV PD\ KDYH D typical service life of 1000 full cycles. Batteries often constitute a large portion of total cost of a renewable energy project. Therefore a designer has to develop a system to prolong expected battery life time, thus reducing battery replacement costs. Supercapacitors also known as electrochemical double layer capacitors ('/& RU XOWUDFDSDFLWRUV RIIHU KLJKHU SRZHU GHQVLW\ DQG increased cycle life of the order of 10X6 cycles, but have D FRQVLGHUDEO\ ORZHU HQHUJ\ GHQVLW\ ,W ÀQGV XVH D VKRUW term power buffers or secondary energy storage devices in renewable energy. Combining two or more energy VWRUDJH SHUPLWV WKH EHQHÀFLDO DWWULEXWHV IURP HDFK GHYLFH to e utilized. A battery- supercapacitor hybrid has lower battery costs, a general increase in battery life and higher RYHUDOO V\VWHP HIÀFLHQF\ 7KH EDWWHU\ LV XVHG WR SURYLGH the low-frequent component of total power demand whereas the supercapacitor provides the short term or high frequent component. This has the effect of reducing WUDQVLHQW à XFWXDWLRQV LQ WKH EDWWHU\ SRZHU SURÀOH 7KH JHQHUDWHG DF YROWDJH IURP ZLQG WXUELQH LV UHFWLÀHG DQG fed to the battery and load via a dc/dc converter operating under maximum power tracking (MPPT) control. A dc/ ac power converter is used to convert the dc voltage to supply ac load. Due to turbulent wind power variations and short term load variations, batteries can be expected to undergo frequent charge/discharge cycling. The Dc/ 'F FRQYHUWHU RI WKH FRQWURO ÀOWHUV WUDQVLHQW YDULDWLRQV IURP WKH EDWWHU\ FKDUJH SURÀOH LQ UHDO WLPH E\ GLYHUWLQJ WKHP WR IURP WKH EDWWHU\ FKDUJH SURÀOH LQ UHDO WLPH E\ GLYHUWLQJ them to /from the supercapacitor module. The control strategy is capable of fast, dynamic bidirectional current tracking. Hysteretic current mode control can be used to maintain tight regulation of the inductor current in de/de converters & gives robust performance despite variation & uncertainty in operating conditions. Moreover this

March 2017

InDepth

control strategy overcomes the sub harmonic oscillation, instability that occurs at duty ratios above 50%.

Advanced Batteries Batteries are the ideal storage medium for intermittent power sources. They charge readily, turn on and off instantly and can be scaled up easily. For many decades batteries have been used as backup power. AES a power company in USA have installed Lithium-ion batteries of 30 megawatts capacity to back up its 98 megawatts of wind turbines. But if batteries are to compete, their cost must drop considerably. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a battery of uncommon design has been developed. It is very simple hence cost effective. The scheme is shown in Fig.5. It is cylindrical vessel kept DW KLJK WHPSHUDWXUH ÀOOHG ZLWK WZR PROWHQ PHWDOV L H molten magnesium at +ve end and molten antimony at separated by salt in between them. The liquid metals are not soluble in molten salt electrolyte. As these metals and salt have different densities they stack on top of each other naturally according to their densities. When the two metals are connected via an external circuit, an HOHFWULF FXUUHQW à RZV ,RQV RI HDFK PHWDO GLVVROYH LQWR WKH molten salt, thickening that layer. To recharge the battery, excess current from the grid runs the process in reverse, forcing the dissolved ions back into their respective OD\HUV $QRWKHU RSWLRQ LV à RZ EDWWHULHV GHYHORSHG E\ same MIT, USA which contains a storage medium which LV HVVHQWLDOO\ D à XLG FRQWDLQLQJ QDQRSDUWLFOHV ZKLFK FDQ store a lot of energy. Energy density is a measure of how much energy a battery can store. The prototype of this battery made at MIT has the energy density of today`s EHVW OLWKLXP LRQ EDWWHULHV 7KH à RZ EDWWHULHV KDYH VHYHUDO advantages. It operates at room temperature, unlike the liquid metal batteries, which must be heated up. To scale up, just make bigger tank and make Larger electrodes, or add more containers. The storage medium is a black slurry of nanoscale particles and grains of energy storing metals. Under electron microscope if the storage medium is seen one can see dust size particles made of the same material that make up the negative and positive-electrodes of Li-ions batteries, e.g. lithium cobalt oxide for the positive electrode and graphite for the negative one. In between those relatively large particles, suspended in a liquid, would be the nanoscale particles made of carbon. Clumping together LQWR D VSRQJHOLNH QHWZRUN WKH\ IRUP IUHH à RZLQJ ZLUHV that connect the larger grains of the battery, where ions DQG HOHFWURQV DUH VWRUHG 7KH UHVXOW LV D OLTXLG WKDW à RZV even as its nanoscale components constantly maintain pathways for electrons to travel between grains of energy storage medium.

Overview At the beginning of the industrial revolution in the mideighteenth century the world population was 700 million. Today the population is 7 billion and is estimated to grow to 9 billion by 2050. The International Energy Agency,

March 2017

Paris (IEA) has projected that the world’s energy demand will increase from about 12 billion tone oil equivalents (t.o.e) in 2009 to 18 billion t.o.e by 2035. As such CO2 emissions are likely to increase form the present level of 29 gigatons per year to 43 Gt per year under the current policies by 2035. We know that CO2 is warming the atmosphere, which in turn is causing increase in sea level & that the CO2 absorbed by the oceans is acidifying the water. We have seen in the current year 2015, what a havoc it has created by the severe heatwave in India, when the temperature in Allahabad shot to more than 70oc in shade. Society knows that reducing CO2 emission is priority to slow down the risks of environmental havoc in the future. Hence it is necessary that all countries would concentrate on using HQHUJ\ PRUH HIĂ€FLHQWO\ DQG RQ VXEVWLWXWLQJ IRVVLO IXHO E\ non-carbon renewable energy sources. The sun does not shine at night and the wind does not always blow. If renewable energy is going to take off we need good ways of storing it for the times when sun is not shining, wind is not blowing & the consumer demand is low. So methods to store large amounts of energy for downtimes have been developed to meet the demand at the peak period. One technical feasible solution to mitigate these problems is the integration of an energy storage system (ESS) & use of advanced batteries. These technologies FDQ PHHW WKH UHTXLUHPHQW LQ WHUPV RI HIĂ€FLHQF\ UHOLDELOLW\ & cost effectiveness. REFERENCES 1. “Energy storage & its us with intermittent renewable energyâ€? ² - %DUWRQ ' ,QĂ€HOG ² ,((( (QHUJ\ &RQYHUVLRQ ² 9RO No. 2, PP 441-448 – June 2004 2. “Progress in energy storage system: A critical review – Prog. 1DWXUDO 6FLHQFH 9RO 1R 33 ² 0DUFK ² By H Chen, Y Ding. 3. “A Novel control strategy for hybrid energy storage system to relieve battery stressâ€? – F Liu, L Zhou – Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium Power Electronics for Distribution, Generation system, P 929 – 934, June 16-18 2010. 4. “Stationery application & Load levellingâ€? – J Kandoh – Industrial applications of battery – Elsevier 2007, P 462-477 1 5. “System using 34mW Na S battery for 51 MW wind farmâ€? – N Kawakami, T Matsuda – Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Industrial Electronics, July 1010 P 237 – 2376. 6. “Design of a least cost Battery Supercapacitor energy storage V\VWHPÂľ ² .: :HH ' 0 9LODWKJDPXZD ² ,(( 7UDQVDFWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDEOH HQHUJ\ 9RO 1R -XO\ 3 ´%(66 ZLWK 3UHGLFWLYH FRQWUROÂľ ² $ .KDWDPLDQIDU 9 * $JHOLGLV ² ,((( 6XVWDLQDEOH HQHUJ\ 9RO 1R -XO\ 3 8. “Generation management – using batteries in wind farmsâ€? ² 3 /RSH] $ 1DYDUUR ² (QHUJ 3ROLF\ 9RO 3 -DQ 2009 9. ‘Battery Lifetime extension using supercapacitorâ€? – A.M. Gee, 9 3 5RELQVRQ ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQ RQ HQHUJ\ FRQYHUVLRQ 9RO 28, No. 1, March 2013 P 25. ´,QWHJUDWLQJ UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ ZLWKJULGÂľ ² 5DWKLQGUD 1DWK Biswas – IEEMA Journal, July 2013, P 94. Ć“

Rathindra Nath Biswas

59

TechSpace

How safe are your Safety Devices? SPDs‌ Importance of IEC 61643-11 ny one would expect a safety device like SPD- Surge protection Device to “fail safelyâ€? in case of any abnormalities above the SPD’s limit. Also, situations like Neutral cut or shift in a power supply system is not uncommon. There were few incidences of SPD explosion Ă€UH DFFLGHQWV LQ ,QGLD 1RZ PDQXIDFWXUHUV RI 63'V no longer get away with this problem that, the failure LV GXH WR DEQRUPDO FRQGLWLRQV ,(& SUHFLVHO\ addresses this issue apart from all other safety issues. $OO QHZ FRQFHSWV WR JDLQ FRQĂ€GHQFH IURP FXVWRPHUV need to be tested as per the latest international standard so that the safety is not compromised. When it comes to safety devices, it is all the more important to adhere to latest standards because more & more safety features are getting added to ensure that safety devices- in this case SPDs act & save the electronic equipment & in case of failure due to abnormalities in the incoming supply, VKDOO ´)$,/ 6$)(Âľ ZLWKRXW FDXVLQJ Ă€UH KD]DUGV $OO 63'V PDQXIDFWXUHG IURP $SULO VKRXOG KDYH YDOLG 7HVW &HUWLĂ€FDWH DV SHU ,(& (G ZKLFK KDV EHHQ SXEOLVKHG LQ 0DUFK ,W GHDOV ZLWK ´/RZ 9ROWDJH 63'V 3DUW 63'V FRQQHFWHG WR /RZ 9ROWDJH SRZHU V\VWHPV 5HTXLUHPHQWV DQG WHVW PHWKRGVÂľ ,W VXSHUVHGHV ,(& (G SXEOLVKHG LQ 7KH ELJJHVW DGYDQWDJH RI ,(& LV WKDW QRW all testing methods are totally new. SPDs tested as SHU ,(& QHHGV WR XQGHUJR IHZ VDIHW\ WHVWV WR JHW TXDOLĂ€HG %HFDXVH ,(& WDONV RQO\ DERXW ´3(5)250$1&( 7(676Âľ ZKHUHDV ,(& WDONV about “Safety & Performance Testsâ€?. 7KRXJK WKH GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ ,(& ,(& LV JLYHQ LQ WKH 7DEOH EHORZ OHW XV DQDO\]H all the important safety parameters which are added

March 2017

LQ ,(& VR WKDW WKH EHQHĂ€WV DUH HQMR\HG by the customer and also enable them to use more & more safety compliance SPDs to protect their electronic & electrical equipment from lightning and switching surges. *LYHQ EHORZ DUH WKH PRVW VLJQLĂ€FDQW DGGLWLRQV LQ ,(& UHODWHG WR VDIHW\ RI 63'V h

729V 7HPSRUDU\ 2YHU 9ROWDJH FDXVHG E\ ´IDXOWV¾ in the medium and high voltage system.

h

1HZ 729 WHVW SDUDPHWHU LV DGGHG ,W LV PLQXWHV IRU /9 V\VWHP IDXOWV LQ GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP DQG ORVV of neutral. After this test, either SPD shall withstand this stress of high voltage or “fail safeâ€? without FDXVLQJ Ă€UH RU H[SORVLRQ KD]DUGV

h

&ODVV ,, 2SHUDWLQJ 'XW\ 7HVW LV PDGH PRUH VWULQJHQW E\ DSSO\LQJ LPSXOVHV DW FUHVW YDOXH RI 2SHQ &LUFXLW 9ROWDJH RI WKH &RPELQDWLRQ :DYH *HQHUDWRU

h

3DVV FULWHULD KDV EHHQ LQFUHDVHG VLJQLĂ€FDQWO\

h

Additional tests are added for SPD failure mode simulation.

h

(DVLO\ DYDLODEOH ´WLVVXH SDSHUÂľ LV XWLOL]HG IRU WHVWLQJ UDWKHU WKDQ PRUH GLIĂ€FXOW VWULQJHQW UHTXLUHPHQW RI ´PXVOLQ SDSHUÂľ Âś&KHHVH FORWKÂľ

/HW XV H[DPLQH WKH ´VDIHW\ IHDWXUHV¾ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK each of the above points.

TOVs caused by “faults� in the medium and high voltage system ,Q D GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWU\ OLNH ,QGLD 729 LVVXHV DUH PRUH GXH WR IDXOWV LQ PHGLXP KLJK YROWDJH V\VWHPV ,(&

61

TechSpace

GHĂ€QHV WKH OHYHOV RI YDULRXV YROWDJHV DV EHORZ h

9ROWDJH XS WR 9 $& 506 RU 9 '& FRPHV XQGHU ´/RZ 9ROWDJH¾

h

9ROWDJH DERYH 9 $& 506 WR N9 FRPHV under “Medium Voltage�

h

9ROWDJH DERYH .9 $& 506 FRPHV XQGHU “High Voltage�.

Due to very long distance of travelling of MV & HV lines DQG WKH SUHVHQFH RI RYHUKHDG OLQHV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR XQGHUJURXQG OLQHV LQ GHYHORSHG FRXQWULHV FRPSRXQG WKH SUREOHPV LQ 09 +9 OLQHV LQ ,QGLD 7KRXJK WKHUH DUH WUDQVIRUPHUV WR FRQYHUW +9 09 WR /9 SUHVHQFH of parasitic capacitance in transformer does not avoid VXUJHV JHWWLQJ SURSDJDWHG WKURXJK WKH /9 WUDQVIRUPHU UHVXOWLQJ LQ IDLOXUH RI HTXLSPHQW LQ /9 SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ ERDUG H[ )DLOXUH RI HOHFWURQLF HQHUJ\ PHWHUV 56 SRUWV LQ 0&&%V HWF $ VDIHW\ GHYLFH OLNH 63' VKRXOG QRW FDWFK ÀUH RU FDXVH H[SORVLRQ GXH WR DEQRUPDOLWLHV LQ WKH LQFRPLQJ SRZHU OLQHV ZKLFK LV WKH PRVW VLJQLÀFDQW safety feature required in SPD. This can be best understood by the below example.

Class II Operating Duty Test is made more stringent by applying 15 impulses at crest value of Open Circuit Voltage of the Combination Wave Generator

63'V FRQQHFWHG LQ / 3( 3URWHFWLYH (DUWK LQ 77 W\SH power distribution systems shall be tested at a voltage KLJKHU RI WKH WZR IROORZLQJ FDVHV 729 VWDWHG E\ WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU RU WLPHV Uref .Uref in this case LV 9 $& 506 IRU / 3( RI SKDVH 77 V\VWHP ZLWK QHXWUDO GLVWULEXWLRQ +HQFH WKLV YROWDJH LV 9 ,I WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU GHFODUHV D YDOXH RI 9 VD\ WKHQ WKH 63' VKDOO EH WHVWHG DW 9

Pass criteria has been increased significantly.

1RWH 7KHUH DUH EDVLFDOO\ W\SHV RI SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP QDPHO\ 71 V\VWHPV 77 V\VWHPV ,7 V\VWHPV 3OHDVH UHIHU ,(& (G 6HOHFWLRQ (UHFWLRQ RI HOHFWULFDO HTXLSPHQW (DUWKLQJ DUUDQJHPHQWV & protective conductors for more details. The revised ,6 &RGH RI SUDFWLFH IRU (DUWKLQJ ZLOO LQFRUSRUDWH these details, when released.

New TOV test parameter of 120 minutes for LV system faults and loss of neutral. $FFRUGLQJ WR ,(& ZKHQHYHU WKHUH LV /9 V\VWHP fault or loss of neutral, either the SPD shall withstand this abnormal condition or “fail safelyâ€? without causing H[SORVLRQ RU IDLOXUH ,W LV REYLRXV WKDW DQ 63' GHVLJQHG to withstand this abnormal condition is costlier than the ´IDLO VDIHÂľ GHVLJQ ,W LV WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ FULWLFDO RU QRUPDO decides which one is best suited. )RU 77 V\VWHP / 3( YROWDJH LV DOUHDG\ H[SODLQHG DERYH )RU WKH 63' FRQQHFWHG EHWZHHQ / 1 WKLV YROWDJH LV WLPHV 8UHI L H 9 $& 506 ,W PHDQV DQ 63' FDQ EH GHVLJQHG WR ZLWKVWDQG 9 $& 506 IRU minutes or “fail safelyâ€? after getting stressed to this high YROWDJH OHYHO IRU PLQXWHV ,Q QHLWKHU FDVH 63' VKDOO H[SORGH RU FDWFK Ă€UH

62

This is very simple parameter because, when SPD LV VXEMHFWHG WR PRUH PRUH LPSXOVHV WKH VWUHVV LV more on SPDs & they shall withstand these stringent FRQGLWLRQV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR PRUH UHOD[HG LPSXOVHV DW SURJUHVVLYH YDOXHV RI RSHQ FLUFXLW YROWDJH DV GHĂ€QHG LQ ,(& (G

7KLV LV XQGHUVWDQGDEOH EHFDXVH ,(& DGGUHVVHV RQO\ œ3(5)250$1&( 7(67¡ ,(& DGGUHVVHV œ6$)(7< 3(5)250$1&( 7(67¡ 7KHUH DUH SDVV FULWHULD LQ ,(& 6O 1R $ WR 2 ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR )285 SDVV FULWHULD LQ ,(&

Additional tests are added for SPD failure mode simulation. $V ,(& LV PRUH VWULQJHQW ZKLFK DOVR LQFOXGHV safety parameters, following additional tests are added VR WKDW WKH 63' LV PRUH UREXVW ZKHQ VXEMHFWHG WR abnormal conditions. h

Rated load current test

h

(QYLURQPHQWDO WHVW

h

SPD with separate isolated circuit test

h

0HDVXUHPHQW RI YROWDJH UDWH RI ULVH GY GW

h

&RPSOLDQFH WR (0&

,W LV YHU\ REYLRXV IURP WKH DERYH IDFWV WKDW DQ 63' WHVWHG DV SHU ,(& LV VDIHU WR ZLWKVWDQG DEQRUPDO harsh conditions when compared to SPDs tested as per ,(& 0RUHRYHU WKH WHVWLQJ LV PDGH VLPSOH IRU SPD manufacturers, who have tested their SPDs as per

March 2017

TechSpace

TABLE- 1: Quick- Comparison Chart Sl No.

IEC 61643-1 ed 2 2005 -03

IEC 61643-11 ed 1 2011-03

1

addresses performance test ONLY

addresses safety and performance test

2

talks about AC and DC in the scope

talks only about AC in the scope

3

normative references have several unwanted while normative references removes, unwanted standards, standards which are not connected with this it adds IEC 61000 all parts- EMC & IEC 61180 -1 HV test techniques for LV equipment subject.

4

Class II test is for Imax

class II test is for In

5

12.5 and 25 kA for I impulse is added and charge 6.25 and 12.5 As added

6

preferred value of Uc many voltages are added

7

installation instructions for type of LV system that is TN, TT and IT are added

8

behavior under TOV caused by faults in MV and HV are added

9

EMC is added

10

test on terminals are added

11

metallic screen test setup and use of tissue paper is added in general testing procedure

12

preconditioning test is performed to prepare this there is no preconditioning test ; EUT is directly used for sample for the test the test.

13

class III operating duty test involves applying class III operating duty test involves applying 15 impulses a total of 10 impulses BUT @ 10%, 25%, 50%, at crest value of open circuit voltage 75%, 100% of open circuit voltage

14

Number of pass criteria is much lesser (3 - 4 pass criteria A-O (15 conditions) conditions)

15

muslin paper and cheese cloth are used for tissue paper and metallic screen are used for testing testing

IEC 61643-1 Ed 2 to test only some extra features so that they comply with IEC 61643-11 Ed. 1. In fact, it is possible that some manufacturers falsely claim that their

March 2017

SPDs have “pass criteria” by testing as per IEC 61643-1, Ed 1, 1998, which is much more dangerous. Because in 1998 edition, Voltage protection level was declared for a spark gap by taking into account the “AVERAGE VALUE” of 10 test impulses. Say, for ex, as per 1998, an SPD would have been declared to have Voltage protection level of 1.2 kV (say) but as per 2011, voltage protection level should be declared as 4 kV (say), because in this case, is the “MAXIMUM VALUE” of 10 test impulses. One small change in the testing procedure has a very high impact on the declared value, which one should not fail to note. Hence all the users of SPD shall ensure that, the SPDs they buy for their requirement complies all the safety & performance test as per IEC 61643-11 so that their installation is safe for both the people and the equipment. Ɠ KV Varadharajan Director, LP Consultants international Pvt. Ltd, Chennai

63

TechSpace

s in Part 1, an attempt has been made in this part to unravel the underlying concepts in selected topics in power engineering. The topics covered are:

h

Effect of phase shift introduced by transformer on angle stability

3HU XQLW LPSHGDQFH RU LPSHGDQFH LV VDPH whether referred to primary or secondary.

h

The current magnitude in pu is same on primary DQG VHFRQGDU\ VLGH +RZHYHU D SKDVH VKLIW RI LV introduced between primary and secondary currents.

h

The voltage in pu on primary and secondary side are same if the transformer is unloaded (current LV ]HUR ,I WKH WUDQVIRUPHU LV ORDGHG YROWDJH on primary side is affected only to the extent of UHJXODWLRQ Ȁ; GURS FRPSDUHG WR VHFRQGDU\ VLGH $ SKDVH VKLIW RI LV IXUWKHU LQWURGXFHG EHWZHHQ primary and secondary voltages.

h

h

Paralleling and synchronizing of transformer

h

Ampere Turn Balance in Transformer

h

Percentage impedance for three phase and equivalent three single phase transformers

h

Voltage dip experienced at LV side of transformer for faults on HV side

h

Effect of LV side Unbalance current on HV side UHĂ HFWHG FXUUHQW

Phase Shift and Stability :H ZLOO SURYH WKDW SKDVH VKLIW LQWURGXFHG E\ < ǟ WUDQVIRUPHU FDQ¡W LQà XHQFH SRZHU WUDQVIHU PDJQLWXGH

DGYDQWDJHRXV WR ZRUN LQ SX IRU IROORZLQJ UHDVRQV

)RU VLPSOLFLW\ VDNH DVVXPH WKDW < ǟ WUDQVIRUPHU LV RQ QRPLQDO WDS 7KLV GRHV QRW DIIHFW ÀQDO FRQFOXVLRQ HYHQ if tap is off-nominal. The hand calculations presented in sequel are easier to understand with nominal tap. )RU LOOXVWUDWLRQ FRQVLGHU WKH QHWZRUN VKRZQ LQ )LJ

In a power network, transformers that introduce phase shift are present. The most popular vector group in this category is (YÇź WUDQVIRUPHU ZKLFK FUHDWHV phase shift in voltage and current between two sides of transformer. When EDODQFHG SRZHU Ă RZ DQDO\VLV LV GRQH IRU QHWZRUNV having transformers with different vector groups, it is

March 2017

Fig 1

65

TechSpace

Now, the same exercise will be carried out considering SKDVH VKLIW GXH WR < ¨ WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ $VVXPH YHFWRU group of transformer T2 is Yd1 ,Q WKLV FDVH YROWDJH DQG FXUUHQW RQ VWDU VLGH N9 OHDG YROWDJH DQG FXUUHQW RQ GHOWD VLGH N9 E\ 0.

On 100 MVA base, 100 0.15 = 0.0476 1 = 315 100 0.15 = 0.12 2 = 125 2202 = = 484Č? 100 20 = = 0.0413 484

2Q N9 VLGH V4 =1‘0

First, power transfer is computed in per unit without

+

considering phase shift across transformer.

On 220kV side,

V3 = 1.0072 ‘ 6.84280 + 300

Choose V4 as reference. 4

= 1.0072 ‘ 36.84280 Ȥ3 = 1 ‘ 300

= 1‘ 0

Since load is 100 MW at UPF,

in pu accounts or , drop across trans ormer

Ȥ4 = 1‘ 0

V2 = V3 + Ȥ3

.

jXL

Further it may be noted that in pu

= 1.0072‘ 36.84280 + 1‘ 30 0.0413‘900

Ȥ1 = Ȥ2 = Ȥ3 = Ȥ4

= 1.013 ‘ 39.15890

V3 = V4 + Ȥ4

Ȥ2 = Ȥ3 = 1‘300

jXT2

= 1‘ 0 + 1‘ 0 x 0.12‘ 900

V1 = V2 + Ȥ2

= 1.0072 ‘ 6.84280

= 1.013‘39.1589 + 1‘ 300

Ȥ3 = Ȥ4 = 1‘0 V2 = V3 + Ȥ3

= 1.0129 ‘ 9.1629

On 220kV side,

V2 = 1.013 ‘ 39.15890

0

Ȥ2 = 1 ‘ 300

Ȥ1 = Ȥ2 = 1‘0

On 16kV side,

V1 = 1.0216 ‘ 41.79940 + 300

jXT1

= 1.0129‘9.1629 + 1‘ 0 x 0.0476‘ 900

= 1.0216 ‘ 71.79940

= 1.0216 ‘ 11.79940

Ȥ1 = 1‘300 + 300 = 1‘600

Power transfer can be calculated in two ways:

a

. .

. .

0

=

| 1| | 4| + +

2)

sin(

1

྆

4)

The above conclusion is also in line with common VHQVH UHDVRQLQJ ,QSXW DQG RXWSXW SRZHU 0: RI LGHDO WUDQVIRUPHUV LV VDPH QHJOHFWLQJ ORVVHV DQG WKLV LV WUXH irrespective of vector group of transformer. ‌ (1)

7KH DERYH PDWFKHV ZLWK DVVXPHG ORDG RI SX 0:

66

00

7KXV IRU EDODQFHG SRVLWLYH VHTXHQFH ORFDO Ă RZ calculations, phase shift due to vector group of WUDQVIRUPHU ZLOO QRW LQĂ XHQFH SRZHU WUDQVIHU FDOFXODWLRQV

1.0216 1.0 sin(11.7994 ྆ 0) (0.0476 + 0.0413 + 0.12)

= 1 pu

x 1‘

This is same as obtained without WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW SKDVH VKLIW DFURVV < Çź WUDQVIRUPHU

b)

1

0

= 1 pu

x 1‘0

1 pu

(

,

1 1

. . 1.0 1 ‘ 1.

1,1

. . 1.0 1 ‘11.

=

0.0476‘ 900

= 1.0216 ‘ 41.79940

jXL

= 1.0072‘ 6.8428 + 1‘ 0 0.0413‘900

V1 = V2 + Ȥ2

jXT1

nother wa to loo at the problem is to consider a generator connected to a resistive load through d rare vector group, given here or ust illustration trans ormer

March 2017

TechSpace

which introduces 0q phase shi t. In this case, will the resistor loo s li e an inductor as seen rom generator his is not possible as voltage and current are shi ted b 0q and the generator will still see the load as resistor onl .

Paralleling and Synchronising Parallel Operation of Transformers In Fig 3, two transformers to be paralleled are shown.

The power transfer relation used in stability analysis is given by (Fig.2)

Fig. 3

Fig 2

or ue angle G

G1 G

The stability limit is reached when is 900. It must be emphasised that Eqn.(2) used for checking stability limit implicitly ignores phase shift across transformer due to different vector groups. This LV UHDIĂ€UPHG E\ WKH VWUDLJKW IRUZDUG DSSOLFDWLRQ demonstrated in Eqn (1) of Cl 2.2.

Remarks on PMU data analysis PMU (Phasor Measurement Units) are deployed in EHV(765 / 400 / 220 kV) networks at different locations for Wide Area Monitoring. There are many transformers present in EHV level but all of them are either autotransformers or star-star transformers which do not create phase shift in either voltage or current between secondary and primary. Thus comparison of voltage phase angle of different buses of the network based on PMU data is feasible. Since PMU measures actual angle of phases VR, VY and VB DQ\ SKDVH VKLIW LQWURGXFHG E\ YHFWRU JURXS > < ǟ < = HWF@ RU SKDVH VKLIWLQJ WUDQVIRUPHU ZLOO EH UHà HFWHG in measurement set. Hence stability limits in these cases can’t be assessed by direct comparison of raw data of phase angles between different buses unless phase shifts introduced by transformers are accounted for. 7KH DXWKRU EHQHÀWWHG LPPHQVHO\ IURP WKH GLVFXVVLRQV with Prof M V Hariharan and Prof Anil Kulkarni on this topic.

March 2017

ssume the vector group o 1 is d11 and is d1. or common primar voltage, voltages on secondar side on either side o switch will be 1‘T1 0q ‘T . or the selected vector group, T1 and and , T 0q. Choosing 1 as re erence, voltages on either side o switch are 1‘0 and ‘- 0q. i erential voltage appearing across switch ig s rt

' et

1

1

1.0 pu and T

1

CosT - 0q.

1.0 pu

'

ig. ssume

0.1 pu 10

1

ter closing the switch without an circulating current ,C

'

1

e ternal load,

pu

500% of rated current will circulate between the transformers which will damage the equipment. Hence for paralleling transformers, it is essential that vector group of transformers by clock position must match to avoid circulating current. In Mumbai Transmission, Yd11 and Yz11 transformers operate in parallel without any problem as the clock positions of both transformers are same, though the secondary winding connections are delta and zig zag. Similarly it is possible to operate Yd1 and Dy1 in parallel as the clock position is same in both transformers Next, selection of vector group of transformers in power plant is discussed. Typical SLD is shown in Fig 5. Generated power is evacuated to system (Bus2) through GT (Generator Transformer).

67

TechSpace

Fig. 6 Fig. 5

During start up of a unit, there is no power at the generator terminals. During this time the unit Bus3 is fed from the station transformer through station Bus4 and station to unit tie by closing tie Breaker (Bkr B). Post synchronization, when the unit picked up load, the supply to unit bus is switched over to UAT without interruption. UAT and ST are momentarily paralleled by closing Bkr A and then Bkr B is tripped. But for safe momentary paralleling, secondary voltages of UAT and ST must be in phase 8VXDOO\ YHFWRU JURXS RI 67 LV À[HG as Yy0. Assume vector group of GT is Yd1. To match phase voltages on secondary side, vector group of UAT has to be chosen as Dy11. If vector group of GT is chosen as Yd11, vector group of UAT have to be Dy1 to match phase voltages on secondary side. If the vector group of GT is Yd1 and ST is Yyo, theoretically it is possible to select vector group of UAT as Yd11 or Yz11 as the clock position is same as conventional Dy11. Selection of star / delta / zig zag winding is based on techno-commercial reasons like type of grounding, size and cost.

Parallel Operation of Generators through GT (Synchronising) Parallel operation of generators implicitly assumes all generators are connected to a common bus without any intervening impedance between generator and bus. But the case under discussion is about generators connected to a common bus but through respective GTs. Refer Fig 6. No other tapping is taken from generator terminal except for GT. In this case, it is not necessary to have GTs with identical clock positions. Theoretically GT1 can be Dy5 and GT2 can be Dz10!. The reason is that transformers are not really paralleled as discussed in previous sections but controllable sources are connected to one side of transformer through a process called ‘synchronisation’.

68

ssume enerator 1 has started and suppl is e tended to Bus and Bus through 1 and . Consider vector group o 1 as d1 and that o as d11. hough voltages o Bus1 and Bus are phase shi ted b 0q, it has no impact as Bus1 and Bus are not tied. t Bus an arbitrar voltage phasor can appear. t some time t1 the generator voltage phasor is shown. Both the magnitude and phase angle o incoming voltage are ver di erent rom running voltage on Bus . B ad usting power output rom turbine the machine speed can be changed to modi phase angle. B ad usting the e citation, voltage magnitude can be changed. enerator phase voltage at time t is shown which is closer to running voltage on Bus . Either b manual or auto s nchroniser, the incoming voltage is brought almost in line with running voltage. t time t , the switch is closed and the generator voltage loc s onto running voltage. ince controllable voltage source is connected to Bus , there is no restriction on running voltage phasor o Bus . he situation is a in to doc ing o unmanned suppl space ship with manned International pace tation I . nder remote control, suppl space ship chases I and doc s with I at the proper moment. Thus the clock position of GTs connected to a common bus can be different. Theoretically there is no limitation on choice of primary and secondary winding connection (star, delta or zig zag). The author is indebted to D Guha for his substantial contribution on the above topic.

AT Balance Principle in transformer AT balance & KCL Two fundamental principles of transformer operation are AT (Ampere-turn) balance and KCL. If both of them can’t EH VDWLVÀHG GXH WR DQ\ FRQVWUDLQWV QR FXUUHQW ÁRZV LQ transformer. In Fig 7, Delta- Star transformer is shown.

March 2017

TechSpace

In ig , voltage is applied across and bn is shorted on side. Current through secondar windings which are open is ero and corresponding primar windings also will not carr an current to satis balance principle. he measured secondar and primar currents are 1 and . . he current ratio is 1 . which matches with urns atio 11 0. .

Fig. 7

Primary and secondary windings in identical alignment are wound on the same limb of transformer (Fig 8). Fig 9

In Fig 10, voltage is applied across YB and yn is shorted on LV side voltage. In Fig 11, voltage is applied across BR and rn is shorted on LV side voltage. The measured secondary and primary currents are 215A and 4.8A, same as in Fig 9.

Fig. 8

]Fig 10

)RU VXFFHVVIXO WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ IROORZLQJ VKDOO EH VDWLVÀHG Primary Winding Current x Primary Turns = Secondary Winding Current x Secondary Turns ,

,r

r

,

,

,B

B

,b

b

Experimental verification 7KH DERYH FDQ EH YHULÀHG E\ D VLPSOH H[SHULPHQW ZKLFK can be done in any college laboratory. Experiments were carried out on 11/0.433 kV, 400KVA transformer. Results are shown in Fig 9 to Fig 14 and Table 1. In all cases transformer is energized from 11kV side using 240V single phase supply and LV side is shorted through shorting link. HV side (11kV)

LV side (0.433kV)

Fig Voltage Measured Measured Shorting Link No across 9ROWV Ĵ Current(A)

ȀUQ (A)

Ȁ\Q ȀEQ (A) (A)

9

RY

231

4.8

bn

-

-

215

10

YB

231

4.8

yn

-

215

-

11

BR

231

4.8

rn

215

-

-

12

RY

231

-

yn

-

-

-

13

RY

231

-

ry

-

-

-

14

RY

231

-

yb

-

-

-

Table 1

Fig 11

In Fig 12, voltage is applied across RY and yn is shorted on LV side. Since secondary windings r and b are open, the currents in corresponding primary windings are forced to zero. The only possible current distribution is shown in Fig 12, but this can’t happen as B phase on primary side is open and there is no return path IRU FXUUHQW &XUUHQW GRHV QRW ÁRZ HLWKHU RQ SULPDU\ RU VHFRQGDU\ ZLQGLQJV DV FRQÀUPHG IURP 7DEOH

Fig 12

March 2017

69

TechSpace

In Fig 13, the possible current distribution is shown when voltage is applied across RY and ry is shorted on LV side (phase to phase short). But this can’t happen as B phase on primary side is open and there is no return SDWK IRU FXUUHQW &XUUHQW GRHV QRW à RZ HLWKHU RQ SULPDU\ or secondary windings as seen from Table 1.

Fig 15

Fig 13

nder ull load condition, rimar 100 100 is DOPRVW QXOOL¿HG E\ VHFRQGDU\ $7 [ VR WKDW QHW ÀX[ I in the core again corresponds to 100 ig 1 . 7KH ÀX[ LQ WKH FRUH DOPRVW UHPDLQV VDPH IURP QR ORDG WR IXOO ORDG RSHUDWLRQ )RU FKRVHQ ÀX[ GHQVLW\ % VD\ 7 WKH FURVV VHFWLRQ RI FRUH FDQ EH ¿[HG I B .

In Fig 14, phase to phase short circuit between y and b phase is created. In this case also, since B phase on primary side is open and there is no return path for FXUUHQW $EVHQFH RI FXUUHQW Ă RZ RQ ERWK VHFRQGDU\ DQG SULPDU\ ZLQGLQJV LV FRQĂ€UPHG IURP UHVXOWV RI H[SHULPHQWV given in Table 1. Avinash Gawde performed the above experiments and his contribution is acknowledged. Fig 16

Return Fault Current Distribution

Fig 14

7KXV Ă RZ RI FXUUHQW LQ WUDQVIRUPHU KDSSHQV RQO\ when both principles (AT balance and KCL) are VDWLVĂ€HG ,Q )LJ IDXOW RFFXUV DW Âś)¡ )DXOW FXUUHQW can’t return to neutral of any arbitrary transformer (e.g. A, B or D) but will return to C which alone VDWLVĂ€HV ERWK WKH SULQFLSOHV VWDWHG DERYH ,Q IDFW concepts in neutral grounding are basically based on above two principles.

Analysis of current distribution in Zig Zag connected transformers reveals interesting results as windings on the same limb of transformer carry current from two different phases. For more details, refer[1].

Constant Flux Operation An important consequence of AT balance is that it results LQ FRQVWDQW Ă X[ DSSDUDWXV $ VLQJOH SKDVH WUDQVIRUPHU LV considered for illustration. Let Primary Turns TP = 100 Secondary turns TS = 10. No load primary current = 1A Full load secondary current = 990A Corresponding full load primary current = 100A 8QGHU QR ORDG FRQGLWLRQ QHW Ă X[ LQ WKH FRUH )LJ corresponds to 100AT (1 x 100).

70

Fig 17

Spatial AT balance It is not enough to have balance or the winding as a whole . balance shall also be achieved spatiall , i.e. at ever 'Ć? KHLJKW RI ZLQGLQJ 3ULPDU\ DQG 6HFRQGDU\ shall be balanced. e er ig 1 . therwise when the trans ormer eeds e ternal short circuit current carried b both rimar and secondar windings, the d namic short

March 2017

TechSpace

circuit orces at the place where spatial balance is not obtained, ma lead to winding de ormation i supporting and clamping structures are not ade uatel designed.

by utilities at distribution level. The number of faults in LT distribution system is very high and foil wound transformers have excellent through fault short circuit withstand strength. In the case of conventional EHV transformers with OLTC on HV side, tap winding is mostly a separate one (outermost from core) and occupies shorter height corresponding to HV and LV windings. In this case also spatial AT balance over the entire height of winding is reasonably achieved.

Split winding Transformers

Fig 18

Distribution Transformers But maintaining perfect spatial AT balance over the entire height for different main windings and tap winding dispositions is not practical in many cases. For example, consider the ubiquitous Distribution Transformers (DTs). Vector group of most of the DTs (11kV/433V or 6.6kV/433V) are Delta – Star with off load taps on HV side. Off circuit taps are provided in the middle of main winding itself (Fig 19). Perfect AT balance between HV and LV windings may not be obtained in the tap region. The designer calculates resulting short circuit forces when the transformer feeds external short circuit current and provides the necessary support and clamping structures to minimize winding deformation.

It is pertinent to make a remark on winding dispositions in a three winding transformer here. For illustration, 400/11.5/11.5kV transformer is considered. The HV side is made of two windings connected electrically in parallel and physically placed one above the other (Referred as Top Winding (TW) and Bottom Winding (BW) in Fig 20). The two secondaries LV1 and LV2 are linked to Top and Bottom windings of HV respectively. This arrangement, called ‘split winding’, is much cheaper compared to having separate two double winding transformers. But this economy comes with a drawback. When both LV1 and LV2 carry normal current, AT balance is maintained spatially. However if LV2 feeds a through fault, though %: FDUULHV PDMRULW\ RI UHĂ HFWHG IDXOW FXUUHQW QRW VR LQVLJQLĂ€FDQW FXUUHQW DERXW RI UHĂ HFWHG FXUUHQW Ă RZV also in TW due to coupling between TW and LV2. There is no counter balancing current in LV1. This creates spatial AT unbalance. The situation is accentuated if taps are present on HV side. The outer tapping winding cannot be of full height, since the line lead coming out from mid-height of the HV must be cleared by the tap winding. This also creates spatial AT unbalance. The design of support and clamping structures to withstand short circuit forces is a challenging task.

Fig 19

In passing, it may be remarked that foil wound transformers for LV winding of DTs have superior short circuit withstand capability compared to conventional wire or strip wound transformers. Foil width covers almost entire height of winding. AT unbalance created by taps on HV side etc is automatically compensated by an appropriate internal current distribution in LV foil winding. This reduces axial forces due to short FLUFXLW FXUUHQW Ă RZ WR D QHJOLJLEOH YDOXH (ODERUDWH FRLO clamping arrangement is not necessary[2]. Aluminum foil wound Transformers are deployed in greater numbers

March 2017

Fig 20

Inrush Current When a transformer is switched on, inrush current (up to WR WLPHV UDWHG FXUUHQW Ă RZV 7KH PDJQLWXGH RI LQUXVK

71

TechSpace

current depends on what point of voltage waveform the transformer is switched on and polarity and magnitude of residual magnetism present before switching. If transformer is switched from HV side, Inrush current Ă RZV RQO\ LQ +9 ZLQGLQJ ZKLOVW WKH /9 ZLQGLQJV GR QRW carry any current. Thus AT unbalance occurs every time the transformer is switched in. The winding that carries the inrush current is subject to mechanical stresses. Transformers subjected to repeated switching (from same side HV or LV) can suffer winding deformation if they are not designed to withstand the forces with VXIĂ€FLHQW VDIHW\ PDUJLQ

from Ukraine, COMSOL from Sweden) to calculate Ă X[ GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG G\QDPLF IRUFHV DUH DYDLODEOH to aid the designer to achieve the above. For more in-depth analysis on this subject, Chapter 6 of Ref[3] can be consulted.

In very large power transformers, the situation is mitigated to a large extent by using CSD (Controlled Switching Device) in which each pole of breaker is closed at the most favourable instant on voltage waveform that will cause least inrush current. For obvious reasons CSD is not applicable for gang operated breakers. An example of inrush current waveform, captured from numerical relay records, is shown in Fig 21. The auto-transformer is rated for 765/400/33 kV, 1000 MVA (3x333), and is switched from 765kV side using CSD. The maximum inrush current observed is only 11% of rated current, substantially lower than 200% to 800% expected when switching without CSD. The winding does not practically experience any dynamic forces.

For a 600MW unit, typical parameters of Generator 7UDQVIRUPHU DUH DV IROORZV 09$ N9 N9 YNd1, XT = 15% impedance at principal tap. Generator Transformers of large units (600MW and above) are generally made up of 3 single phase units due to transport limitations. Delta on LV side and Star on HV side are formed externally. Refer Fig 22.

7KH DXWKRU DFNQRZOHGJHV WKH FODULĂ€FDWLRQV SURYLGHG E\ Vikrant Joshi and P Ramachandran on various aspects of spatial AT unbalance.

Impedance specification for 3 Single phase transformers vs Three phase transformer

Fig.22 Fig 21

Design Approach The designer has to ensure that the transformer withstands resulting dynamic forces in all above cases DQG WKLV LQYROYHV h

3UHFLVH FDOFXODWLRQ RI WKH PDJQHWLF Ă X[ GLVWULEXWLRQ in the windings

h

Proper design of support structure

h

Judicial choice of materials (work hardened and/or epoxy bonded conductors, well stabilized insulating materials, high strength structural steel etc)

h

Correct processing and clamping of the transformer winding system.

Sophisticated software tools (e.g. SMC ELDINST

72

MVA and voltage rating of single phase transformer DUH VSHFLĂ€HG ZLWKRXW DPELJXLW\ DV 09$ DQG N9 ÂĽ N9 +RZHYHU D OLQJHULQJ GRXEW DULVHV LQ the mind of young design engineer when specifying impedance for single phase unit (5%, 15% or 45%?). The real advantage of working in per unit system is that the same percentage impedance required for three phase XQLW FDQ EH VSHFLĂ€HG IRU VLQJOH SKDVH XQLW 7KLV ZLOO EH FODULĂ€HG ZLWK D QXPHULFDO H[DPSOH ingle hase unit 1 .

0M

ated Current ,

0 0

Base Impedance Impedance

B

, 0 1 .

0 Â&#x;

[ Â&#x;

Impedance olts

,

0

0.1

March 2017

0—

and

TechSpace

%\ GHĂ€QLWLRQ LI LPSHGDQFH YROW LV DSSOLHG RQ /9 VLGH RI WUDQVIRUPHU ZLWK +9 VLGH VKRUWHG UDWHG FXUUHQW ZLOO Ă RZ For single phase circuit (Fig 23),

depend on vector group of intervening transformers present. The results of simulation for isolated transformer are shown in Table 1 and are in line with values given in Table 1 of

. Following assumptions are made in

4]

VLPXODWLRQ h

Source on primary side is solidly grounded.

h

Line to ground fault on primary side without fault impedance, i.e. voltage of faulted phase on primary

Fig.23

side is zero.

0. 1 . his matches with rated current. 7KUHH 3KDVH XQLW 09$ N9 0 and 1 . assumed same as or single phase unit ated Current , — 0 1. 1 0 Â&#x; Base Impedance B Impedance SKDVH [ Â&#x; Impedance olts , 0 0.1

,

%\ GHĂ€QLWLRQ LI LPSHGDQFH YROW LV DSSOLHG RQ /9 VLGH RI WUDQVIRUPHU ZLWK +9 VLGH VKRUWHG UDWHG FXUUHQW ZLOO Ă RZ For three phase circuit (Fig 24),

Secondary side voltages for (L-G) fault on primary side Vector Phase Voltages Line Voltages Group RN

YN

YNyn

0

1

Dyn

0.58

1

YNd

-

-

YNzn 0.58 Dzn

BN

RY

YB

1

0.58

1

BR Unbal-ance 0.58

1.0

0.58 0.88 0.88 0.33

0.39

-

1

Phase

0.33 0.88 0.88

-

0.58 0.88 0.88 0.33

0.88 0.88 0.33

1

0.39

0.58 0.58

0.53

Table 2

indicated in the last column o

able 1 is

evaluated as ollows hase uantities verage value B

Ma

,

and B

E

_

E

B

_, _

E

_, _

E

B

_

E

In all cases, unbalance is 1pu (100%) on primary side as one of the phase voltage is zero (faulted phase). Vector groups other than Yy reduce the unbalance substantially.

Fig.24

,

—

0.0

1.

1

his matches with rated current. hus percentage impedance or single phase units will be same as that or e uivalent three phase unit.

Voltage dip for fault on primary Effect of upstream fault on downstream voltages 9ROWDJH GLS LV GHĂ€QHG DV WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ reference voltage (usually steady state pre-fault voltage) and residual voltage during fault expressed as percentage. For example, if the pre-fault voltage of bus is 100% and voltage of bus during fault is 55%, voltage GLS LV 7KLV LV DV SHU ,(& GHĂ€QLWLRQ[4]. Voltage dips on upstream side due to a fault is felt on downstream levels. Power Quality issues due to upstream voltage dips are discussed in detail in[5]. The levels to which downstream bus voltages dip

March 2017

The steep voltage dip in one phase in primary is ‘distributed’ across three phases in secondary. Thus a VWHS GRZQ WUDQVIRUPHU DFKLHYHV WKH IROORZLQJ h

Steps down the voltage

h

Reduces the fault level

h

Reduces the voltage unbalance for dip in upstream voltage.

7KH ÀUVW WZR DUH ZHOO NQRZQ EXW WKH WKLUG LV VLJQLÀFDQW from power quality point of view in transmission / distribution systems. In previous discussion, only an isolated transformer is considered. In practical power systems, series of step down transformers are involved from EHV system to consumer substation. For analysis, transmission and distribution system of author’s company in Mumbai is shown in Fig 25.

73

TechSpace

in downstream buses due to presence of Delta – Star transformer resulting in reduction in ‘voltage unbalance’. Here we will demonstrate how current unbalance in downstream side is mitigated on upstream side of Delta –Star transformer. Consider 11/0.44kV, Distribution Transformer (DT). Vector group of DTs used in utilities and power plant / industrial plant auxiliary systems is almost universally Delta – Star. On the LV side (Star), single phase loads are present. Perfect balancing of loads in three phases LV GLIÀFXOW WR DFKLHYH HVSHFLDOO\ LQ XWLOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQ systems. Sample spot readings taken on DTs in author’s utility are given in Table 3 Fig. 25

Salient details (typical) are given below: h h

220kV system - solidly grounded 1

0 , 1 M , n11 trans ormer. s stem is e ectivel grounded through eutral rounding eactor such that ,1 , 0.

h

11 , solidl grounded.

M

,

n10. 11

s stem is

h

TR3 – 11/0.415kV, 1MVA, Dyn1. LV system is solidly grounded.

(L-G) fault is simulated on 220kV, 33kV and 11kV systems and the results are shown in Fig 25. The three phase voltages shown are in kV. Values in pu are shown within EUDFNHWV )ROORZLQJ REVHUYDWLRQV DUH PDGH LV (415V) side can experience voltage dip from 31% to as high as 67%. 11kV side can experience voltage dip for upstream faults to the extent of 45%.

Unbalance (%)

1000

1440

1580

1380

7.7

1000

1270

1611

1231

17.5

630

1005

875

970

7.9

630

963

724

965

18.1

able

is

hase uantities , , , and ,B , , ,B E

,

Ma

B

_,

, _, _,

E

E

, _, _,

E

,B _

,

E

For illustrating the unbalance mitigation offered by Delta – Star vector group, let the current on secondary (star) VLGH LQ SX EH DV IROORZV

,

74

Ȁ% $

verage value ,

Faults in utility system occur due to atmospheric conditions, equipment failure or external intrusion damaging the equipment. In these cases, voltage dip at consumer end can’t be avoided. The consumer must design his equipment which are sensitive to voltage dips to have ‘ride through capability’ to override upstream transient faults. Typical over ride time of at least 300 msec is recommended before which upstream fault is expected to be cleared [5]. Another method to prevent loss of drive during transient dips is to employ ‘Reacceleration schemes’.

In Cl 6 and Table 2, we discussed how a steep dip in upstream voltage of a phase is more evenly distributed

Ȁ< $

indicated in the last column o evaluated as ollows

,

Current Unbalance reduction in Delta - Star transformer

Ȁ5 $

Table 3

The above results are based on extreme case of fault with zero impedance on upstream side. If fault impedance is present, dips will be correspondingly less.

ontributions of Sonu Karekar and Amol Salunkhe in doing the simulation using PSCAD and PSSE are acknowledged.

KVA

1 0 ,

0. -1 0q

verage value ,

1 0.

E

,B

1.1 100q

1.1

1.0

10

B

Using sequence components, zero, positive and negative VHTXHQFH FRPSRQHQWV DUH HYDOXDWHG DV IROORZV ,0

, 1 0

,

,B

0. -1 0q

,1

,

a,

,

,

a ,

1.1 100q@ q

a ,B

0.

1 . q

a ,B @

. q

Following Stevenson Convention [6] for sequence component transformation across Delta – Star transformer, ,1

,1 0.

,

q - ,

0. q ,0

0

March 2017

TechSpace

Current on primary side are worked out as follows:

1.001 ‘

,

,0

,1

,

,0

a ,1

a,

,B

,0

a ,1

a ,

verage value , 0.

,

B

,

E

1.001

0.

. q ‘-

. q

1.0 1‘-1 1.1q 0.

1.0 1

.

Almost 40% reduction in current unbalance (10% to 5.9%) is obtained on delta side primarily because the zero sequence component is trapped within delta. Refer Fig 26 for current distribution.

Subtle difference between paralleling and synchronizing is explained. Critical remarks were made on vector group selection.

Fig 26

We can now summarise the main reasons for choosing vector group of Distribution Transformers as Delta – Star are as follows: h

h

h

Zero sequence isolation between primary and secondary is obtained. Ground fault on LV side will EH UHĂ HFWHG RQO\ DV SKDVH WR SKDVH IDXOW RQ +9 side. refer Cl 5.4.1 of [7]. Ground fault relays even ZLWK VHQVLWLYH VHWWLQJ RQ +9 VLGH ZLOO QRW RSHUDWH inadvertently for faults on LV side. This is very essential as faults on LV side in distribution system are large. 6WHHS YROWDJH GLS RQ RQH SKDVH RI +9 VLGH LV PRUH evenly distributed among phases on LV side. For H[DPSOH IRU OLQH WR JURXQG IDXOW RQ +9 VLGH YROWDJH XQEDODQFH RQ +9 VLGH LV DQG FRUUHVSRQGLQJ unbalance on LV side is 39%. Voltage dip experienced at consumer end for upstream faults is less severe. In distribution system, ideal phase balancing is not possible. The unbalance in current on LV side LV UHGXFHG RQ UHĂ HFWHG FXUUHQW RQ +9 VLGH GXH WR presence of delta winding.

Conclusions In this article, we have concentrated on transformer and LWV LQĂ XHQFH RQ SRZHU V\VWHP XQGHU QRUPDO DQG IDXOW conditions. The major observations are as follows: hase VKLIW LQWURGXFHG E\ < Çť WUDQVIRUPHU FDQÂśW LQĂ€XHQFH SRZHU WUDQVIHU PDJQLWXGH 2WKHUZLVH MXVW WKUHH LQWHUPHGLDWH < Çť WUDQVIRUPHUV FDQ LQWURGXFH LQ VXP q VKLIW WKXV UHDFKLQJ VWDELOLW\ OLPLW ZKLFK LV XQWUXH

76

Fundamental concepts of AT balance of transformer have been explained supported by experimental results. 6LJQLĂ€FDQFH RI VSDWLDO $7 XQEDODQFH LV GLVFXVVHG LQ detail especially with respect to withstand capability of transformer against dynamic forces. Confusion regarding specifying percentage impedance of 3 phase transformer and equivalent 3 x1 phase WUDQVIRUPHU KDV EHHQ FODULĂ€HG The transformer acts like a ‘smoothing’ element against steep voltage dips on primary side and unbalance currents on secondary side. REFERENCE [1] “Zig Zag Transformer – Fault Current Distribution, Short Circuit testing and Single Phase Loadingâ€?, K Rajamani and Bina Mitra, IEEEMA Journal, July 2013, pp 84 - 91. [2] “Construction of Distribution Transformer – windingâ€?, Crompton Greaves Brouchure [3] “Transformer Engineering – design and Practiceâ€?, S V Kulkarni and S A Khaparde, Marcel Dekker, 2004 [4] “Environment – Voltage dips and short interruptions on public electric power supply systems with statistical measurement resultsâ€?, IEC 61000-2-8, 2002 [5] “Power Quality Overview – Practical aspectsâ€?, K Rajamani, IEEEMA Journal, May 2016, pp 73-78. [6] “Elements of Power Systems Analysis “, Stevenson, W.D., 0F*UDZ +LOO 1HZ <RUN > @ ´&RQFHSWXDO FODULĂ€FDWLRQV LQ (OHFWULFDO 3RZHU Engineering – Part 1â€?, K Rajamani, IEEEMA Journal, Aug 2016, pp 69 - 80. Ć“

K Rajamani Reliance infrastructure Ltd

March 2017

SMEFocus

Performance & Credit Rating Scheme for

Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs) he MSE Sector occupies an important position in any developing economy the world over. Fast changing global economic scenario has thrown up many opportunities and challenges to the micro and small industries in India. As a step in this direction, a need was felt for introducing a Rating Scheme for micro and small industries. It is expected that the Rating Scheme would encourage MSE sector in improving its contribution to the economy by way of increasing their productivity, since a good rating would enhance their acceptability in the market and also make access to credit quicker and cheaper and thus help in economizing the cost of credit. With above background, a Performance & Credit Rating Scheme for micro and small industries has been formulated in consultation with various stakeholders i.e. Small Industries Associations, & Indian Banks’ Association and various Rating Agencies viz. CRISIL, ICRA, Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) and ONICRA. It has the approval of the Government. The scheme is titled: “Performance & Credit Rating Scheme for Micro And Small Enterprises�

Salient Features of the Scheme Approach For Rating of Micro and Small Units h NSIC is the nodal agency for implementing the

scheme of performance and credit rating for micro and small enterprises through its various branches/ RIÀFHV ORFDWHG LQ WKH FRXQWU\ h The unit’s rating shall be a combination of performance and credit worthiness of the unit. The MSEs rating methodology shall cover a combination of credit and performance factors including SDUDPHWHUV PHDVXULQJ RSHUDWLRQDO ÀQDQFLDO business and management risks. h Only rating agencies registered by SEBI and empanelled as External Credit Assessment Institution (ECAI) by RBI would be eligible to carry out rating of MSEs under the Scheme. h NSIC shall maintain a database about the units awarded Rating by different Rating Agencies.

Application Form The application forms will also be made available DW WKH ZHEVLWH RI 0LQLVWU\ RI 060( 16,& 2IĂ€FH RI Development Commissioner, MSME, Coir Board, KVIC and the Rating Agencies. Interested MSME Associations will also be requested to make available the Application Form from their website www.msmedatabank.in.

Rating Process he rating process will be underta en in the ollowing manner 78

Steps 1

Rating Process Request for Rating from MSE units will be uploaded on the portal www. msmedatabank.in by the rating agency selected by the MSE units. Complete details of the applicant unit including details of the payment made by the MSE unit will be uploaded on the portal. The documents required to be submitted by the MSE unit will be collected by the selected rating company. . Onsite meeting with MSE Management Analysis of Information obtained from the MSE Unit(s) Assign Rating

2 3 4 5

The validity of the application will be for a period of six months during which the MSE units is required to submit all documents to the rating agency. The rating agency is also required to complete the rating process within 60 days of the receipt of complete application alongwith prescribed documents. The validity of a rating shall be for a period of one year from the date of issue of the rating letter.

Rating Fee The Rating Agencies have different fee structure for their rating of various clients including micro and small enterprises. The Rating Agencies will devise their fee structure for MSE units under this Scheme separately. The fee to be paid to the rating agencies shall be based on the turnover of the micro and small enterprises which has been categorized into three slabs. The slabs of the Turnover and the Share of Ministry of MSME towards the fee charged by the Rating Agency have been indicated in the table given below:Fee to be reimbursed by Ministry of MSME

Turn Over

Fee to be reimbursed by Ministry of MSME

p to lacs

o the ee charged b the rating agenc sub ect to a ceiling s. 1 ,000

s. 0

bove s. 0 lacs to s. 00 lacs bove s. 00 lacs

o the ee charged b the rating agenc sub ect to a ceiling o s. 0,000 o the ee charged b the rating agenc sub ect to a ceiling o s. 0,000

March 2017

SMEFocus

he balance amount towards the ee shall be borne b the micro and small nits. he portion o the ee to be subsidi ed b the Ministr shall be released through IC a ter submission o the ating eport to IC b the ating gencies.

Sharing of the Evaluation/Rating of MSEs he ating gencies shall share the awarded to M Es with IC.

ating

Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) should provide data IRU WKH ÀUVW \HDU DQG WKHUHDIWHU WUDFN WKH XQLWV UDWHG E\ WKHP IRU WKUHH \HDUV LQFOXGLQJ WKH ÀQDQFLDO \HDU IRU which the rating is being conducted. Information w.r.t. all rated units should be uploaded by the respective rating agencies on www msmedatabank.in.

)RU WKH ÂżUVW \HDU LQ ZKLFK WKH UDWLQJ LV FDUULHG RXW the ollowing data should be captured b the rating agenc and uploaded on the portal h Name h Address h Type & Entity h Year of establishment / operations started h Contact no. & email. h UAM No./ EM h No. of Employees h 7XUQRYHU 3URĂ€WDELOLW\ RI ODVW \HDUV h Investment in P & M h Products manufactured or service provided h Whether supplying to any major buyers and whom h List of top customers h Loan details h Name of the Bank and Address h Interest Rate charged h Date of Rating Renewal.

For the next 2 years, the CRA should upload the following data for these companies: h No. of employees h 7XUQRYHU SURĂ€WDELOLW\ IRU WKHVH \HDUV h Loan details h Name of Bank h Interest rate charged The CRA will be paid up to Rs.1,500/- for uploading data per unit for each of the next two years, If they upload complete data mentioned above for each year.

Public access would be provided to rating outcome for units rated and certain reports. Detailed information uploaded about the companies & full rating report would be accessible to M/o MSME and NSIC only.

Evaluation and Monitoring At least 2% of the rated units in the previous year shall be inspected by NSIC in the, following year for the purpose RI SRVW UDWLQJ IROORZ XS DQG YHULÀFDWLRQ 7KH 16,& ZLOO inspect the units on the random basis and that random basis might be determined by the Committee under JS (SME) and CMD (NSIC). During this inspection, the data of rated units should be checked with the data captured by the rating agencies during the rating process. A committee shall be constituted by the Government to evaluate quality of rating reports and rating methodology used by all the rating agencies. The committee members would comprise of Secretary MSME, JS(SME) and three H[SHUWV IURP ÀQDQFLDO VHFWRU QRW IURP UDWLQJ DJHQFLHV to be co-opted in the Committee by Secretary MSME. This Committee shall evaluate the work being done by the various rating agencies. . The Committee shall meet at least once in three months and take help of such RIÀFLDOV DQG RWKHU SHUVRQV IRU LWV ZRUN DV UHTXLUHG 7KH experts co-opted on the Committee shall be paid sitting fees up to Rs.10,000/- per meeting / day, but actual rates will be determined by the Committee. 7KH ÀQGLQJV DV SHU LQVSHFWLRQ UHSRUW RI 16,& DQG the evaluation by the above Committee shall become the basis of recommendations of the Committee to the Government about the performance of the rating agencies. Accordingly, directions shall be given to various rating agencies about the improvements solicited in the rating work being done by them and action to be taken against the rating agencies whose work is not found up to the desired standards that may include barring them from carrying out rating under the scheme.

Promotion of the Scheme The scheme would be given wide publicity by NSIC, IBA and Credit Rating Agencies. The details of the scheme would also be available on the website of the Ministry of MSME, NSIC, IBA & its member banks, MSME Associations and the Rating Agencies shall also be used to promote the Rating Scheme.

Administrative Expenditure NSIC is the nodal agency for implementing the Performance and Credit Rating Scheme of Ministry of MSME. The administrative expenditure to the tune of 7.5% of the total expenditure of the Performance and Credit Rating Scheme shall be reimbursed to NSIC for implementing the scheme but at least 3% of this amount will be spent on dissemination and publicity of the Scheme. The administrative expenditure includes expenditure towards advertisement & publicity of the scheme, cost of inspection, services for the evaluation committee, the cost of the manpower and efforts put in by the NSIC for implementation of the scheme. Ć“

March 2017

79

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL INSULATION TECHNOLOGY Electrical Insulation Industry in India is Rs.1200 crore industry and forms a vital link in the fast growing Rs.50,000 crore electrical equipment Industry. Availability of trained personnel with specialized knowledge of Insulation Technology is the need of the day. Although the role of electrical insulation is critical for functioning of all electrical equipment; there is no university or Institute offering any education in this area. To bridge this gap, IEEMA along with well known institutes like uICT (formerly UDCT), VJTI and ERDA has taken the initiative of offering a specialized proficiency Diploma course in Electrical Insulation Technology.

DATE OF COMMENCING THE COURSE – JULY 2017 LAST DATE FOR ENROLLING – 28TH FEBRUARY 2017 DURATION – 1 YEAR FEE STRUCTURE STUDENTS INDIVIDUALS / PROFESSIONALS CORPORATE

RS. 7,500/RS. 20,000/RS. 25,000/-

For details, contact Mr Seetharaman K Email id – k.seetharaman@ieema.org Telephone – 080 2220 1316 / 18

80

March 2017

OutofBox O utofB Box

fter the turbulent Note Ban, it’s side effects are bound to affect adversely and we are witnessing economic slowdown. Cost cutting, job cuts, production slow down, cash crunch, low demand are likely to be the order of the day in the nearest future. Therefore, we must have continuous improvement, when the change is the only constant and that change is always uncertain, environment is dynamic. Therefore, in today’s testing times, what’s important and that shall make the difference in the present day cutthroat competitive environment is the way you Think, /RRN DW WKH WKLQJV 5HĂ HFW RQ WKHP DQG 5HVSRQG ,Q WKDW FRQWH[W , ZDV JRLQJ WKUX¡ P\ ROG GDWD Ă€OHV WKHUHLQ , FRXOG ORFDWH D WUHDVXUH RI JXLGLQJ SULQFLSOHV UHJDUGLQJ important issues like Health, Personality, Society and Life. These four issues therefore carry a great meaning WR IRUP QXUWXUH RQH¡V LQERUQ SRWHQWLDO , KDYH DWWHPSWHG KHUH WR VKDUH WKHP ZLWK P\ RZQ UHĂ HFWLRQ UHVSRQVH Therefore, in this series of articles regarding Horizons of Progress and Development, it’s apt to go through and assimilate the Treasure of inputs that follow.

Health 1.

Drink plenty of water.

2.

Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a beggar.

3.

Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.

4.

Live with the 3 E’s -- Energy, Enthusiasm, and Empathy.

9.

Sleep for At leatst 7 hours.

10. Take a 25-30 minutes walk every day. And while you walk, smile.

Personality 1.

Don’t compare your life to others’. You have no idea what their journey is all about.

2.

Don’t have negative thoughts or things you cannot FRQWURO ,QVWHDG LQYHVW \RXU HQHUJ\ LQ WKH SRVLWLYH present moment.

3.

Don’t over do. Keep your limits.

4.

Don’t take yourself so seriously. No one else does.

5.

Don’t waste your precious energy on gossip.

6.

Dream more while you are awake.

7.

Envy is a waste of time. You already have all you need.

8.

Forget issues of the past. Don’t remind your partner with his/her mistakes of the past. That will ruin your present happiness.

9.

Life is too short to waste time hating anyone. Don’t hate others.

10. Make peace with your past so it won’t spoil the present. 11. No one is in charge of your happiness except you.

5.

Make time to practice meditation, yoga, and prayer.

12. Realize that life is a school and you are here to learn. Problems are simply part of the curriculum that appear and fade away like algebra class but the lessons you learn will last a lifetime.

6.

Play more outdoor games.

7.

Read more books than you did the last year.

13. Smile and laugh more.

8.

Sit in silence for at least 10 minutes each day. Mb

82

14. You don’t have to win every argument. Agree to disagree.

March 2017

OutofBox

15. Last but the most important: Remember these ‘Mantras’ the Guiding Principles for achieving the Best of your potential: ‘ASK’ Mantra: A=Attitude, S=Skills, K=knowledge. Like in 20-20 cricket, it’s the ‘ASKing rate’ of every individual in an organization would play a winning game. For that that these 3 attributes need to be regularly assessed and improved. ‘CMS’ Mantra: C=See, M=Aim S=shoot to succeed. This mantra follows the principle of Arjuna in the epic Mahabharata, when he was just seeing the eye of the Ă€VK DQG QRWKLQJ HOVH QR ZRQGHU KH ZRQ 7KHUHIRUH LQ every way CMS Mantra is a Winning Mantra First See the Aim and then shoot to succeed. Mantra: S=Strategy, M=Management, T=Technology and Technique. In every walk of Life, Strategy-the Road map of your behavior drives you through the chosen path. It’s one’s Management skill that uses the resources with help of Technology and Technique to reach the Desired Destination. ‘AIDCA’ Mantra; A=Awareness, I=Interest, D=Desire, C=Conviction, A=Action. This famous principle takes care of Marketing and Promotion in that order. First create Awareness about what you, your company and your Products/Services are, then generate Interest of your Target Audience into them with a view to satisfy WKHLU 1HHG WKH 'HVLUH FRQYLQFH WKHP ZLWK WKH SUDFWLFDO ([DPSOHV WR Ă€QDOO\ (QVXUH WKH $FWLRQ PRVW ZDQWHG IURP TA the Buying action. ‘POETRY’ Mantra: P=Planning O=Organizing E=Executing, T=Technology and Technique, R=Reviewing, Y=You. I am sure in a similar thought process you would understand ‘The Four ‘I’’s Mantra: I=Ideas,

Society 1.

Call your family often.

2.

Each day give something good to others.

3.

Forgive everyone for everything.

4.

Spend time with people over the age of 60 & under the age of 6!

5.

Try to make at least three people smile each day.

6.

What other people think of you is none of your business.

7.

Your job won’t take care of you when you are sick. Your friends will. Stay in touch.

Life 1.

Do the right thing!

2.

Get rid of anything that isn’t useful, beautiful or joyful.

3.

GOD heals everything.

4.

However good or bad a situation is, it will change.

5.

No matter how you feel, get up, dress up and show up.

6.

The best is yet to come.

7.

when you awake alive in the morning, thank GOD for it.

8.

Your Inner most is always happy. So, be happy

Finally, Few thoughts that can change your life!!! If you have a bad day at work, be thankful. Appreciate that you have a job. Some people don’t have it. When you pay your bills, be thankful. You can pay them. If you see a gray hair, be thankful. Think of the cancer patient in chemotherapy who only wishes for any hair. :KHQ \RX ÀQG \RXUVHOI ZDLWLQJ LQ OLQH RU WKH UHFLSLHQW RI poor service, be thankful. Think about the people who have no food to eat at all.

I=Intention, I=Initiative,

When you realize how much work it is to take care of a house, be thankful you have a house. Think about those who only wish they had a house to take care of.

I=implementation. ‘Five ‘D’s Mantra:

When you feel like complaining because you have to walk a long distance from your car, be thankful. Think of what it would be like not to be able to walk!

D=’ Dream, D=Dedication,

If you get irritated by other people’s anger, apathy, ignorance, bitterness, or insecurities, be thankful. Things could be worse. You could be one of them!

D=Determination, D=Discipline and

‘GOD’ Mantra:

When you think everything in your world is terrible, and you want to give up, think of the people who have been told they only have a certain amount of time to live. They don’t want to give up.

G=Good,

Live life to its fullest. Appreciate life.

O=Opinion.

All The Very Best.

D=Discipline. $QG ÀQDOO\

Professor Sudhakar D Natu

D=Destination

March 2017

83

InternationalNews

INTERNATIONALNEWS Japanese firm JERA invests $200 mn in ReNew Power Making entry into the Indian market, Japanese energy major JERA has picked up 10 per cent stake for USD 200 million in ReNew Power Ventures. A joint venture between two of Japan s largest utilities, Tokyo Electric Power Co, Inc and Chubu Electric Power Co, Inc, JERA operates 6 GW of energy assets globally across North America, the Middle East and SE Asia. 7KH LQYHVWPHQW LQ 5H1HZ 3RZHU PDUNV LWV Ă€UVW HQWU\ LQWR India s energy sector. The latest investment round now values ReNew Power at USD 2 billion, ReNew Power Ventures Pvt Ltd said in a statement. JERA’s capabilities expand across in the entire energy supply chain, from LNG and other fuel resource projects and procurement to power generation, the statement said. President of JERA Yuji Kakimi said: “As a ReNew Power shareholder, we will seek to contribute to the company by making available technical, operational, project development, and management experience gained through our global power businesses.â€? Founded in 2011 by Sumant Sinha and funded by Goldman Sachs, who remains the majority shareholder, ReNew Power is an independent producer in solar and wind power solutions.

India, Norway discuss innovation projects in renewable energy “A joint call between the Research Council of Norway and Department of Science and Technology of India was launched during a week-long matchmaking workshop on renewable energy at the Norwegian Embassy. “The call is for USD 1 million, targeting innovation projects in companies collaborating with research institutions in the Ă€HOG RI UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ Âľ DQ RIĂ€FLDO VWDWHPHQW VDLG Close to 80 participants from Norway and India had a comprehensive and prosperous discussion on the

84

sector. The representatives also discussed a wide range of topics including energy storage, grid integration, wind power, solar power, smart infrastructure based on DUWLĂ€FLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH K\GUR HQHUJ\ DQG RII JULG VROXWLRQV Innovation Norway, the Norwegian Embassy, The Research Council of Norway, Institute of Technology Delhi and Department of Science of Technology cohosted the workshop. “Our technologies do not exclude each other. I am impressed by the work that has been done India. I think that our products compliment the existing ones and create a basis for creating even better solutions.

MoU signed between POWERGRID and Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority (ADWEA) Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.(POWERGRID), a central Power Sector PSU and CTU has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority (ADWEA) & its group of companies on 25th January 2017 in Gurgaon. The MoU was signed by His Excellency Saeed Al Suwaidi, Managing Director, Abu Dhabi Distribution Co. (UAE) and Shri Anil Mehra, Executive Director- International Business, POWERGRID in the presence of Shri I.S Jha CMD, POWERGRID and 6HQLRU RIÀFLDOV IURP ERWK VLGHV The MoU inter alia envisages cooperation between ADWEA & its group of companies and POWERGRID to work in areas like smart grid, Transmission technology & SURYLGLQJ FDSDELOLW\ GHYHORSPHQW DQG WUDLQLQJ LQ WKH ÀHOG of Operation & Maintenance (O&M), Asset Management, Project Management, Power Transmission & Distribution, etc. POWERGRID shall also assist ADWEA in setting up an advanced World Class Capability Development institute� in UAE.

Mytrah Energy Signs Pacts for 2000 MW Renewable Projects in Andhra Pradesh Mytrah Energy has signed pacts for 2,000 MW of renewable power projects worth INR 13,000 crore in

March 2017

InternationalNews

Andhra Pradesh. The MoUs were signed in the presence Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu at the Partnership Summit held in Visakhapatnam. The MoUs are for 1,000 MW of wind power and 1,000 MW of solar power projects. These projects will involve a total investment of INR 13,000 crore and will create employment for 4,000 skilled and unskilled workers. These projects will be spread across eight GLVWULFWV RI $QGKUD 3UDGHVK RI ZKLFK ÀYH districts will be evaluated for wind power RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU WKH YHU\ ÀUVW WLPH Mytrah is planning to implement and execute the projects within three years from the date of getting all statutory clearances from the state government. Upon commissioning of all the assigned projects, Mytrah will become the state’s largest renewable power IPP (independent power producer). Andhra Pradesh government has targeted to add 18,000 MW capacity renewable power projects by 2021-22, which is 10 percent of the national target.

India, Nepal agree to build new crossborder power lines In view of the various power projects being developed in Nepal, India and the Himalayan nation have agreed to lay down new cross-border transmission lines. In this regard, laying of new Butwal (Nepal)-Gorakhpur (India) and Lumki (Nepal)-Bareilly (India) transmission lines and setting up of new 400kV sub-stations at Dhalkebar, Butwal and Hetauda -- all in Nepal -- were discussed during the fourth meeting of the Indo-Nepal Joint Working Group and Joint India-Nepal Steering Committee (JSC) on Power Cooperation that concluded. “While the modality of construction and funding would be deliberated in the Joint Technical Team, the Indian side expressed its readiness to consider new LOCs for construction of infrastructure on the Nepali side,� an Indian embassy statement in Kathmandu read. Among other decisions made at the bilateral meeting was India’s readiness to impart training for Nepali engineers in operational and commercial issues. The Power Grid Corporation of India expressed readiness to design special training courses to meet the requirements of the Nepali side. Discussing the progress of various India-funded hydropower projects in Nepal, concern was expressed regarding delays in acquisition of forest land for ArunIII (900MW) and Upper Karnali (900MW) projects, which

86

have led to delays in works and economic viability of the projects. Nepal conveyed that these issues would be resolved within two months.

Suzlon Energy set to sell stake in 130 mw projects Suzlon Energy has divested 49% stake in solar power projects totalling 210 mw and is in advanced talks to sell stake in another 130 mw projects in a deal that the company aims to close before March, said Kirti Vagadia, JURXS FKLHI Ă€QDQFLDO RIĂ€FHU The company had divested 49% in six projects totalling 210 mw to raise Rs 176 crore. Further stake sale could potentially fetch the company another Rs 110 crore. Wind turbine maker Suzlon announced its foray into the solar power sector in January 2016 by bagging orders worth 210 mw from state utilities in Telangana. Subsequently, the company built a portfolio of solar power projects totalling 515 mw. It has already signed power purchase agreements for 340 mw. “We are now negotiating for 130 mw of other projects for which we have already signed power purchase agreements. Hopefully, we would close the deal by March,â€? Vagadia said. Suzlon entered the sector with one of its existing VXEVLGLDU\ DQG DFTXLUHG Ă€YH RWKHU HQWLWLHV ZKLFK KDV QR operational assets at face value to execute solar power projects. The company’s average tariff is Rs 5.36 a unit for these solar projects. Tulsi Tanti promoted-Suzlon sold 49% in its 50 mwPrathmesh Solarfarms to Ostro Energy, and similar stakes in Vayudoot Solarfarms and Rudra Solarfarms of 15 mw each to Unisun Energy and AMP Solar, respectively.

March 2017

NationalNews

NATIONALNEWS Jammu and Kashmir approves 450MW rooftop target and net metering

Andhra Pradesh considering 100 MW of floating solar projects

Jammu and Kashmir has approved a draft policy to deliver 450MW of rooftop PV plants by 2022, according to consultancy firm Mercom Capital Group. The draft law was announced back in October last year seeking to introduce net metering to the state.

Yet another floating solar power project is under consideration in India. According to media reports, the state government of Andhra Pradesh is considering to set up a floating solar power project of 100 megawatts capacity. The project could come up at Penna Ahobilam Balancing Reservoir which has a live capacity of 305 million cubic meters. The dam also has installed capacity of 20 megawatts.

The 10-year policy from the Department of Science and Technology of the government of Jammu and Kashmir will account for system sizes between 1-1000kW. A Jammu and Kashmir Energy Development Agency (JAKEDA) official told Mercom that the policy will ease the burden on the state’s transmission and distribution network. Last week, JAKEDA also tendered for 37.8MW of gridconnected rooftop solar. Analyst firm Crisil recently forecast that India would hit 12GW of rooftop by 2022.

MINI-GRIDS to end energy poverty Over the past few decades, solar energy has become increasingly relevant due to its reducing costs and social acceptability. Successive Governments have given a solid push to making solar energy a well regarded reality Energy poverty is a recurring chronic problem in India today, and this is being made worse by the everincreasing pace of development that is unable to keep a balance between the need to improve human development indicators and the necessity to prevent environmental pollution and ecological destruction. About two-third of the Indian population is still deprived of modern energy services; according to official estimates nearly 300 million people have no access to electricity and in addition to this, if the three-fourth of rural households connected to the grid that have erratic and less than six hours of electricity supply is included, then about 700 million people in the country suffering from energy poverty. With this 700 million population,looking for alternative sources of energy such as biomass as the primary energy source for cooking, the risk to health of the people and environmental pollution is suddenly increased manifold. In fact, the estimated economic burden of using traditional fuels, including health and ecological costs is expected to be `30,000 crore.

88

The state’s renewable energy department has shared little to no details about the project. While the concept of floating solar power projects remains new India has been experimenting with such novel ideas of solar power generation over the last few years. These include solar power systems installed over canals and at their banks as well as over dam barriers. The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy is supporting the development of 50 megawatts canal-top solar power projects and 50 megawatts of solar power projects at canal banks. The total cost estimated for development of 100 megawatts capacity is around $127 million. Apart from the central government, several state governments have also planned canal-top solar power projects, including Gujarat and Punjab. A public sector company – National Hydro Power Corporation – had also announced plans to set up 600 megawatts of floating solar power project at one of its large hydropower projects. All these planned and under-construction projects over dams and reservoirs lag behind the monstrous project being constructed in China. A floating solar power park is being developed in China’s Qinghai province. The project – Longyangxia Dam Solar Park – will have an installed capacity of 850 megawatts once completed, making it one of the largest solar power projects – over land or water.

BIS Young Professionals’ Programme BIS organized the Second Young Professionals Workshop at Mumbai on 17th February 2017. Mr Dennis Chew, Regional Director, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Asia Pacific Regional Centre,

March 2017

NationalNews

participated as the speaker on International Standardisation in the field of Electrotechnical Sector. The programme was attended by about 60 Young professionals from different Electrotechnical Industries from India. BIS has introduced BIS Young Professional Programme with the objective to help Young professionals in the industry to appreciate the importance of standards and of participation in standards development at the start of their careers. Introducing the young professionals to the initial concepts of national and international standards would also encourage them to take active interest and participate in standardization work. By doing so young professionals can acquire knowledge of global trends within industry and better understand their market development in different parts of the world.

India has 10-year window to shift completely to renewable energy: TERI Excess power generation capacity provides India an opportunity to shift completely to green energy. If the country can halve storage technology prices in 10 years it can do without the need for new coal based plants, a study by The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI) said. The TERI report indicated that current installed capacity and the capacity under construction would be able to meet demand till about 2026, keeping India power sufficient. The report estimates that no new investments are likely to be made in coal-based power generation in the years prior to that. The TERI report also estimates that beyond 2023-24, new power generation capacity could be all renewables, based on cost competitiveness of renewables as well as the ability of the grid to absorb large amounts of renewable energy together with battery-based balancing power. It also said that all new investments in power generation are likely to develop new storage technologies.

CESC wins power distribution franchise in Bikaner CESC a part of the `19,000 crore RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group, has bagged the power distribution franchisee for Bikaner city in Rajasthan. It plans to invest ` 135 crore in the network in three years and hopes to clock a turnover of around ` 400 crore. This is the group’s third distribution operation in Rajasthan, the other two being Kota and Bharatpur and CESC hopes to earn around ` 1,200 crore from the three cities. At present the company earns around ` 800 crore from Bharatpur and Kota. It hopes to earn another ` 400 crore from Bikaner. The entire Rajasthan distribution business for CESC is expected to turn profitable in two years. Sanjiv Goenka, CESC’s chairman said: “Around `135 crore would be invested in three years to ramp up

90

distribution network and metering. Power distribution in Bikaner suffers from a net loss which CESC hopes to turn around in two years. CESC won the Bikaner franchisee on the basis of a competitive bidding following which a distribution agreement for 20 years is to be signed shortly. Goenka said: “Bikaner city distribution franchise, spread over 155 sq.km, currently has 1.42 lakh consumers and suffers from a transmission and distribution loss of around 24%. It will be our privilege to serve a population of 6.44 lakhs, where the peak load so far has been 130 MW.”

India ranks fourth globally in wind power installation: Economic Survey India has attained the fourth position globally in installed wind power capacity after China, US and Germany as a result of various steps in the “right” direction, the Economic Survey said. With the legal framework in place for the International Solar Alliance (ISA), the brainchild of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and launched during the UN climate summit in Paris, ISA will be a “major” international body headquartered in India, it added. “As a result of various actions in the right direction, India attained 4th position in global wind power installed capacity after China, USA and Germany,” it said. It said that currently, India’s renewable energy sector is undergoing transformation with a target of 175 GW of renewable energy capacity to be reached by 2022. In order to achieve the target, the major programmes on implementation of Solar Park, Solar Defence Scheme, Solar scheme for Central Public Sector Undertakings, Solar photovoltaic (SPV) power plants on canal bank and canal tops, solar pump, solar rooftop among others have been launched in recent years. “A capacity addition of 14.30 GW of renewable energy has been reported during the last two and half years under Grid Connected Renewable Power, which include 5.8 GW from Solar Power, 7.04 GW from Wind Power, 0.53 GW from Small Hydro Power and 0.93 GW from Biopower,” it said.

March 2017

CorporateNews

CORPORATENEWS KEC International, gradually expanding footprint in the Solar EPC space. KEC International Ltd. has announced the successful commissioning of 11.5 MW Solar PV plant at Thanakkallu, Anantpur District in Andhra Pradesh for a leading solar developer. The entire project was commissioned within a short span of 6 months post seeking the requisite approvals. With this, KEC has successfully commissioned close to 50 MW of Ground Mount Solar Power projects in FY2016-17 of which 34 MW is on Single Axis Tracking Technology which is the most advanced and latest value driven offering by KEC in the Solar EPC space. Overall, including roof top installations, KEC has commissioned close to ~70 MW of Solar Power Projects. In addition, the Company is currently working on another 70 MW including 30 MW on single axis tracking which makes it one of the largest EPC players with Single Axis tracking experience. KEC ventured into the solar EPC space just 2 years back by leveraging its synergies with the Transmission & Distribution Business and since then has been gradually advancing and spreading its wings on the back of its USP of offering the most optimal solution at the least possible cost and ahead of schedule delivery.

Hartek Group bags PSPCL smart grid order for three upcoming Smart Cities The Chandigarh-based Hartek Group, one of India’s fastest growing concerns catering to the power sector, has bagged a prestigious smart grid order from the Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd (PSPCL) for the supply, installation and commissioning of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) relays at 55 substations in the upcoming Smart Cities of Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar. By equipping these substations with SCADA relays, Hartek Group will enable collection and storage of information relating to any indications for troubleshooting and maintenance, thus making the power systems smart and robust. These smart grid-enabled substations, including 29 in Ludhiana, 14 in Amritsar and 12 in Jalandhar, will cater to

92

a population of about 40 lakh by maximising operational HIĂ€FLHQF\ WKURXJK D PRUH UHVSRQVLYH SRZHU V\VWHP network. “This prestigious order is our stepping stone to establishing our leadership in smart grid power solutions. It is an acknowledgement of our expertise in executing smart grid technologies. Known for world-class quality standards and timely completion of projects, we at Hartek Group are proud to partner with the PSPCL for this important undertaking. A state-of-the-art transmission and distribution (T&D) network based on smart grid applications like SCADA can go a long way in catering to HIĂ€FLHQW SRZHU VXSSO\ 6PDUW JULGV PDNH 6PDUW &LWLHV Âľ Hartek Group Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) Hartek Singh said.

Amplus Partners Snapdeal For 1 MW Rooftop Solar Project Amplus Energy Solutions today said it has signed a FURUH GHDO ZLWK H FRPPHUFH ÀUP 6QDSGHDO WR LQVWDOO MW rooftop solar projects. Under the pact, Amplus will set up rooftop solar plants warehouses of Vulcan Express, the captive logistics unit of Snapdeal, across various locations, it said in statement. Gurgaon based Snapdeal plans to reduce its CO2 emissions by 34,500 MT or reduce consumption of 2,55,000 barrels of crude oil which will be equivalent to planting 43,000 trees in India with this association. Amplus is looking to expand its geographic footprint in India and hire resources. It currently employs more than SHRSOH ZLWK RIÀFHV LQ PDMRU FLWLHV RI WKH FRXQWU\

Vikram Solar conferred with 2 prestigious awards at the 5th ET Bengal Corporate Awards Vikram Solar, the globally recognized leading solar energy solutions provider, marked the beginning of the new calendar year with a double award win at the 5th ET Bengal Corporate Awards 2017. The company bagged the prestigious ‘Fastest Growing Company’ award for the second time in a row, along with the ‘Highest Job Creator’

March 2017

CorporateNews

award (INR 300 – 100 Crore category). Held on February 8, 2017, the award function this year was hosted at the Taj Bengal, Kolkata. With proven exponential growth across the globe in the last year across all its core business verticals, Vikram Solar nailed it once again this year by winning the coveted trophy for the Fastest Growing Company. Further, the expansive employment opportunities generated by the company owing to its growing business presence, was awarded with the Highest Job Creator title. These awards mark back-to-back accomplishments for the organization at the ET Bengal Corporate awards, having won the ‘Fastest growing company’ award last year as well. The brand has also been awarded for New Entrepreneurial Venture in 2013. Commenting on the victory, Gyanesh Chaudhary, Managing Director and CEO of Vikram Solar said, “This is the third time that we’ve been honoured at the ET Bengal Corporate awards and it gives us double the pleasure to have won two of the most coveted awards this year. Further, the award coming from the revered Association of Corporate Advisers & Executives makes it an acknowledgement of our efforts at the most respected circles. We would like to thank the organizers and the jury for this valued and prestigious honour. This will further inspire us to scale new heights and achieve greater success in our forthcoming endeavours.�

India’s largest manufacturer of power plant equipment honors SEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has recognized Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL) India as its top vendor after a month-long evaluation of over 1,200 candidates. BHEL Bhopal announced the award during the closing ceremony of their Quality Month FHOHEUDWLRQ ODVW PRQWK 7KH\ FLWHG à H[LELOLW\ LQ PHHWLQJ changing demands as a key factor in SEL’s favor. Other considerations for the award included delivery, quality, service and support.

system protection, monitoring, control, automation, communications and metering. For more than 30 years, SEL has provided industry-leading performance in products and services, local technical support, a 10-year worldwide warranty and a commitment to making electric power safer, more reliable and more economical.

Schneider Electric powers 2 GW of solar capacity, eyes 2.5 GW by March Schneider Electric India has announced it has powered more than 2 giga watts (GW) of solar capacity in India through its inverters, transformers and other mediumvoltage equipment and expects to achieve 2.5 GW by March 2017. Of the country’s cumulative solar capacity RI 0: SHU FHQW Ă RZV WKURXJK 6FKQHLGHU Electric’s equipment. By March 2017, the company plans to supply and commission equipment for another 500 MW solar projects, increasing its share of the total capacity to 2.5 GW across several states. Schneider Electric Solar’s presence in the sector has grown over 50 per cent in the last one year. In 2016 alone, the company supplied equipment for more than 500 MW of solar capacity, as against 1.5 GW in the last four years. This has been due to rapid growth in the sector given the Government’s commitment to achieving a target of 100 GW of solar power by 2022. Anurag Garg, Vice-President, Solar Business, Schneider Electric India, in a statement said, “We are on the verge of contributing 25 per cent of the total installed solar capacity in India. Our share as well as contribution to India’s solar sector is only going to increase given the rapid growth witnessed by the sector on the back of the 100 GW target to be achieved by 2022â€?.

Sterlite Power commissions Purulia-Kharagpur Transmission Project

“We see this as an appreciation for the values we believe in,� Neeraj Goel, SEL regional marketing and sales manager said. “And for the value we deliver to our customers.�

6WHUOLWH 3RZHU KDV FRPPLVVLRQHG LWV ÀIWK SURMHFW WKH Purulia-Kharagpur Transmission Project, which will supply 1,200 MW of electricity to Ranchi in Jharkhand and Purulia in West Bengal, the company said in a statement.

BHEL is a government-owned corporation and the largest power plant equipment manufacturer in India. The company has more than 42,000 employees and annual revenues over $3.9 billion. In 2013, the Indian government awarded BHEL Maharatna (“Big Gem�) status, an honor shared by only six other companies.

With the commissioning of this project, Sterlite Power is now managing a portfolio of 4,063 circuit km of operational transmission lines and two substations spread across 11 states.

SEL has provided protection and automation solutions to BHEL since 2009. SEL serves the power industry worldwide through the design, manufacture, supply and support of products and services for power

94

The Purulia-Kharagpur Transmission Project consists of two 400-kV double circuit lines with a total length of 273 km including the 112-km long Purulia-Ranchi and 161-Km long Kharagpur-Chaibasa lines. Sterlite Power will operate and maintain the project, that runs across Jharkhand and West Bengal, for 35 years.

March 2017

PowerStatistics

Global Renewable Energy - World Energy Council Share of Renewable energy (Including Hydro) in electricity production Region

Share of renewable energy in electricity production (incl. hydro) (%) in 2005

Share of renewable energy in electricity production (incl. hydro) (%) in 2010

Share of renewable energy in electricity production (incl. hydro) (%) in 2016

Africa

16.9%

17.4%

18.9%

Asia

13.9%

16.1%

20.3%

CIS

18%

16.7%

16.1%

Europe

20.1%

25.7%

34.2%

Latin America

59.3%

57.7%

52.4%

Middle East

4.3%

2.0%

2.2%

North America

24%

25.8%

27.7%

3DFLĂ€F

17.9%

18.6%

25.0%

Share of Renewable energy (Including Hydro) in electricity production

Enerdata OP Hydropower Capacity as of 2015 Total capacity end of 2015 (GW)

Added capacity Production in (TWh) 2015(GW)

China

319

190

1.126

USA

102

0.1

250

Brazil

92

2.5

382

Canada

79

0.7

376

India

52

1.9

120

Russia

51

0.2

160

Source REN21, IHA (2015)

Source: Exonmobil

96

March 2017

PowerStatistics

Renewable Power Target 2022 Tentative state -wise break -up of Renwable Power traget to be achieved by the year 2022 so that cumulative achievment is 1,75,000 MW State/UTs

Solar Power (MW)

SHP (MW)

Biomass Power (MW)

4142

25

209

776

1500

1155

150

Delhi

2762

Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu Kashmir Punjab

4772

Rajasthan

5762

Uttar Pradesh

Wind (MW)

50

10697

25

Uttrakhand

900

700

Chandigarh

153

Northern Region

31120

Goa

358

Gujarat

8020

244

8600 3499 197 8600

2450

4149

8800

25

288

Chhattisgarth

1783

Madhya Pradesh

5675

6200

25

118

Maharashta

11926

7600

50

2469

125

2875

D.& N. Haveli

449

Daman & Diu

199

25

Western Region

28410

22600

Andhra Pradesh

9834

8100

Telangana

543

2000

Karnataka

5697

Kerala

1870

Tamil Nadu

8884

Puducherry

6200

1500

1420

100 11900

75

649

28200

1675

2612 244

246

Southern Region

26531

Bihar

2493

25

Jharkhand

1995

10

Orissa

2377

West Bengal

5336

50

36

50

12237

135

Assam

663

25

Manipur

105

Meghalaya

161

50

Nagaland

61

15

Tripura

105

Arunachal Pradesh

39

Mizoram

72

Sikkim Eastern Region

North Eastern Region

27

Lakshadweep

4

Other (New States) All India

500

1205

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

615

600 99533

244

60000

120 5000

10000

Source: MNRE

March 2017

97

IEEMADatabase

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.12.16

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

`/MT

27,344.00

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

27,044.00

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

54,000.00

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV

`/MT

b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

as on 01.12.16

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

380.00

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

85.00

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

130,000.00

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

131,000.00

`/KLitre

53,196.00

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS)

212,500.00

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS

266,000.00

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month September 2016

214.02

IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

301.71

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

222,700.00

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

219.69

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

194,400.00

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

231.39

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

413,034.00

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

426,151.00

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

135,304.00

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

141,260.00

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

Wholesale price index number for ‘Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month September 2016 Wholesale price index number for’ Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month September 2016

141.40

187.40

All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) September 2016

206,300.00

278.00

# Estimated, NA: Not available 170000

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade Rs./MT

160000

140000 130000

(Rs./MT

150000

120000

January 2015 - December 2016 110000

98

March 2017

12-16

11-16

10-16

09-16

08-16

07-16

06-16

05-16

04-16

03-16

02-16

01-16

12-15

11-15

10-15

09-15

08-15

07-15

06-15

05-15

04-15

03-15

02-15

01-15

The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. GXW\ ZKHUHYHU PDQXIDFWXUHV DUH HOLJLEOH WR REWDLQ 02'9$7 EHQHÀW These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMA’s Price Variation Clauses for various products. %DVLF 3ULFH 9DULDWLRQ &ODXVHV H[SODQDWLRQ RI QRPHQFODWXUH FDQ EH REWDLQHG IURP ,((0$ RIÀFH Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

IEEMADatabase

Name of Product

Accounting Unit

Production For the Month From Dec.15 to Highest Annual Nov. 2016

Nov. 16

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

DC Motors

10496

11580

314

3382

5091

000' KW

34

408

618

000' KVA

985

11325

11261

Contactors

000' Nos.

784

9165

8527

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

151

1843

1909

Nos.

50685

675609

947878

000' Poles

12588

155024

136979

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

258651

2533812

1932964

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

4706

70166

72156

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

13089

187958

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1143

14424

16875

KM

47208

548544

507486

000' KVAR

4413

47571

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

3419

44747

46761

Power Transformers

000' KVA

15362

187204

178782

Current Transformers

000' Nos.

40

628

705

Voltage Transformers

Nos.

7200

110076

114488

000' Nos.

1841

27052

29317

000' MT

82

1039

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers* * Weighted Production

March 2017

99

IEEMAActivities

Interface with Government and its Agencies

IEEMA Activities

On 3rd January 2017, Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Director, IEEMA, attended a meeting of Technical Review Committee of Index of Industrial Production (IIP). The meeting was chaired by Director General, Central 6WDWLVWLFDO 2IÀFH 0LQLVWU\ RI 6WDWLVWLFV DQG Programme Implementation, Government of India. Non-availability of information with Central Electricity Authority on Renewal Energy Generation before 1st April 2014 was deliberated in the meeting. On 4th January 2017, a delegation of IEEMA members, led by Shri Sanjeev Sardana, President, attended a meeting called by Shri Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines, Government of India. The Hon’ble Minister assured that in case of any increase in import duty or imposition of MIP on primary aluminium, the Government would protect the downstream industries by equivalent increase of import duty / MIP, to nullify the incidents of inverted duty structure. The other major for discussions were adverse impact of power project imports at a concessional duty of 5% under Chapter 98, non-implementation of Central Electricity Authority guidelines on domestic procurement; cyber security threat to electrical grid; export promotion of electrical equipment and support to judicious mix of ceramic and polymer insulator technologies. On 31st January 2017, Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Director, IEEMA, attended a meeting to review the impact of IndiaKorea CEPA at Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Government of India, The meeting was chaired by Smt. Seema Gaur, Economic Adviser, DIPP. On 3rd February 2017, Shri Vikas Khosla, Chairman, Public Policy Cell, Shri Adarsh Jain, Chairman, IEEMA Economic and Taxation Committee and Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Director, IEEMA, attended an

interactive session with Shri Arun Jaitley, Hon’ble Minister of Finance, Government of India, regarding Union Budget 2017-18. Dr. Hasmukh Adhia, Revenue Secretary, Shri Shaktikanta Das, Secretary, Department RI 5HYHQXH DORQJ ZLWK RWKHU VHQLRU RIÀFLDOV RI &HQWUDO Board of Excise and Customs and Central Board of Direct Taxes were present during the session. On 3rd February 2017, Shri J Pande, Senior Director, 6KUL 8WWDP .XPDU ([HFXWLYH 2IÀFHU ,((0$ DWWHQGHG a meeting of the Working Group of Testing Facilities. The meeting was chaired by Shri Bhaskar Jyoti Mahanta, Joint Secretary, Department of Heavy Industry, Government of India. On 6th February 2017, a delegation led by Shri Vijay Karia, Chairman, ELECRAMA-2018, called on Shri Anil Kumar Jain, Adviser – Energy, NITI Aayog, to request support of NITI Aayog in organising World Electricity Summit, which is being conducted concurrently with ELECRAMA-2018. On 6th February 2017, a delegation led by Shri Vijay Karia, Chairman, ELECRAMA-2018, called on Shri Atul Chaturvedi, Additional Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Government of India, to request support of DIPP in organising World Electricity Summit, which is being conducted concurrently with ELECRAMA-2018. On 10th February 2017, Shri Vikas Khosla, Chairman, Public Policy Cell, Shri Chaitanya Desai, Executive Council Member, Smt. Sonal Gariba, Member, and Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Director, IEEMA, attended a meeting chaired by Shri Bipin Menon, Director, Department of Commerce, Government of India, regarding the issue of India’s negotiating position on Copper and Aluminium lines under RCEP Agreement. On 13th February 2017, a delegation of members, led by Shri Sanjeev Sardana, President, IEEMA, attend a meeting called by Shri Bhaskar Jyoti Mahanta, Joint Secretary, Department of Heavy Industry, Government of India, on Cyber Security threat to critical power systems installed in the country. A working group was set up to study the Internet of Things (IOT) and revisit the standards in order to ensure whether adequate security feature is embedded within the system in the present scenario and also for the future. On 15th February 2017, Shri Vikas Khosla, Vice Chairman Public Policy Cell and Shri Sudeep Sarkar, Director, IEEMA, had a meeting with Smt. Anice Joseph Chandra, Director, Department of Commerce, Government of India, on Rules of Origin for products related to Chapter 85, under RCEP Agreement.

Readers are requested to send their feedback about content of the Journal at editor@ieema.org 100

March 2017

IEEMAActivities

IEEMA Representations IEEMA submitted a representation to the Ministry of Power, Government of India, on 10th November 2016, regarding inclusion of provision for consideration of GST clause in EPC projects. IEEMA submitted a representation to the Department of Commerce, Government of India, on 29th November 2016, regarding its views on appeal made by Indian porcelain insulator industry. IEEMA submitted a representation to the Ministry of Power, Government of India, on 7th December 2016, on vendor development policy for state utilities. IEEMA submitted a representation to all central and state utilities, on 8th December 2016, requesting to adopt Vendor Development Policy. IEEMA submitted a representation to the Ministry of Power, Government of India, on 21st December 2016, regarding cyber security of critical power control equipment installed in the country. IEEMA submitted a representation to the Central Board of Excise and Customs, Ministry of Power, Government of India, on 22nd December 2016, requesting for 12% GST rate on electrical power generation, transmission and distribution equipment. IEEMA submitted a representation to the Department of Commerce, Government of India, on 22nd December 2016, giving its suggestions for review of India-Singapore CECA Agreement. IEEMA submitted a representation to Shri Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines, on 5th January 2017, regarding cyber security of critical power control equipment installed in the country. IEEMA submitted a representation to Shri Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines, on 5th January 2017, regarding adverse impact of customs duty concessions given under Chapter 98, also requesting equivalent EHQHÀW WR WKH ,QGLDQ HOHFWULFDO LQGXVWU\ DQG DGYDQFH intimation to the industry before grant of permission to such imports. IEEMA submitted a representation to Shri Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines, on 5th January 2017, regarding non-adherence to CEA Guidelines for domestic competitive bidding in domestically funded projects by many utilities. IEEMA submitted a representation to Central Power Research Institute, on 16th January 2017, submitting

March 2017

its concerns on constraints faced by the Indian Electrical Industry in exports due to non-acceptance of CPRI &HUWLÀFDWLRQ E\ RYHUVHDV XWLOLWLHV IEEMA submitted a representation to Shri Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines, on 19th January 2017, raising concerns about survival of Domestic Insulator Industry - both Porcelain & Polymer. IEEMA submitted a representation to the Powergrid, on 30th January 2017, on non-adherence to CEA Guidelines for domestic competitive bidding in domestically funded projects by Powergrid.

IEEMA third Executive Council Meeting The third meeting of IEEMA Executive Council was held on January 22, 2017 at India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, UP. Members discussed on number of issue including the membership of IEEMA where Mr. R.K Chugh brought out that the total number of members have by and large remained constant around 800 over several years. It was felt that opportunity for increasing the number existed. Council opined that the present number be increased to target 1000 through strategic initiative by the existing membership and Secretariat. The members also discussed on initiatives being undertaken with respect to Training as a revenue generation stream for IEEMA. Members unanimously requested Mr. Babel to steer the activity and mentor the Secretariat.

Two Day Practical Training on “Assembly of PV Solar System” IEEMA conducted two day Practical Training on “Assembly of PV Solar System” for on 30th & 31st January 2017 at Hotel Host-Inn International, Marol, Andheri (East), Mumbai. The training was conducted by Faculty Mr.M.K.Bhusan, from TRA International, New Delhi & Mr.Rajesh Sinha from Adler Technoserve Pvt.Ltd., Pune. 11 delegates from Member companies and nonmember companies attended the Training. Mr. Bhusan conducted half a day session on roof-top, where the delegates participated in practical training of Assembly of PV Solar System and generation of solar power from it. Mr. Rajesh Sinha appraised the delegates of various policies and incentives offered State and Central Government for Solar Energy generation. Ɠ

101

ERDANews

UT Test in Progress

MPI in Boiler Drum

Transmission Planning, Power Evacuation and Failure Analysis. X

ERDA’s Field and Expert Services for Utilities and Industries

Realizing the UJWAL Bharat Mission of the Nation (5'$ SURYLGHV PDMRU H[SHUW DQG ÀHOG VHUYLFHV WR XWLOLWLHV and industries in various technical areas related to the power sector. These service are playing a critical role in UHDOL]LQJ WKH 8-:$/ %KDUDW 0LVVLRQ RI WKH *RYHUQPHQW of India and our honourable Prime Minister. Details of these services are presented below:

X

Advanced Simulation services provided using packages such as MiPower, E-Tap, EMTP-RV and MATLAB FACTS Solutions

Power Quality Assessment & Mitigation X

X

X

X

Harmonic Measurements as per IEC 61000-4-302003 and limits as per IEEE 519-2014 Flicker Measurements as per IEC 61000-4-30-2003 and limits as per IEC 61000-3-7-2008 DC Current Injection Measurements as per CEA guidelines and limits as per IEEE 1547:1 Switching Surge Measurements

Expert Services

Evaluation & Design of Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Technologies

Asset Management

X

X

Electrical Diagnostics (Transformers, Motors, Generators, Cables & Switchyard Equipment). Electrical Diagnostics services include online testing (Partial Discharge, MCSA, Vibration Analysis & 7KHUPRJUDSK\ DV ZHOO DV RIĂ LQH WHVWLQJ & 7DQ 'HOWD 9/) 0&$ 6)5$ ',5$1$ ,5 3, 562 '*$ Furan & DP analysis etc.). Completed diagnostics on more than 350 transformers, 3000 Motors, and 75 generators as well as 6000 DGA tests and 500 Furan analysis annually.

X

X

Design & Development of Micro grid IED Testing (As per IEC 61850). Equipped with Protocol Analyzer, Client Simulator, GOOSE Simulator, IED Simulator, SCL Checker Smart Meter Testing (Approved by BIS, Govt. of India) ‡ '/06 3URWRFRO 9HULÀFDWLRQ DV SHU ,6 3DUW 2 using CTT 3.0 Standard Edition from ‡ '/06 8VHU $VVRFLDWLRQ DQG 0HWHU ([SORUHU Software Tool ‡ 6PDUW 0HWHU 7HVWLQJ )DFLOLW\ ,6 1$%/ BIS Approved) ‡ 3UHSD\PHQW (QHUJ\ 0HWHU (YDOXDWLRQ )DFLOLW\ ZLWK ORDG VZLWFKLQJ FDSDELOLW\ WHVWLQJ 1$%/ %,6 Approved)

PD Survey in Progress on Transformer X

ELCID Test on Generator

Mechanical Diagnostics (Turbines, Boilers, Reactors & Piping). More than 150 boilers and 75 Turbines RI XSWR 0: UDWLQJ FRPSOHWHG (TXLSSHG ZLWK $QDO\WLFDO SDFNDJHV VXFK DV $16<6 6WUXFWXUDO 7KHUPDO &)' (OHFWURPDJQHWLFV 0XOWLSK\VLFV DQG 62/,':25.6 IRU *HRPHWULFDO 0RGHOLQJ DQG VWDWH RI WKH DUW 1'7 HTXLSPHQW

X

LED, Solar Lighting, Solar Inverter & Solar Pumping $SSURYHG E\ 015( %,6 DQG $FFUHGLWHG E\ 1$%/ Govt. of India)

Power System Studies X

Protection Audits

X

Load Flow, Short Circuit, Transient Stability,

102

LP Turbine Rotor on Pedestal for NDT Evaluation

March 2017

ERDANews

Assisting DISCOMs, Regulatory Commissions and TRANSCOs to calculate AT&C losses

Impact Assessment

IED Testing (AS per IEC 61850)

Type C Goniophotometer (Traceability: METAS, Switzerland) X

C Type Goniophotometer

Solar Sun Simulator Class A (Traceability: NREL, USA)

X

Automated Environmental Chamber

X

High Accuracy Pyranometer

Field Services System Improvement Verification Calculations of Aggregate Technical & Commercial Losses along with Recommendations

X Working as Third Party Independent Evaluation Agency (TPIEA) under GoI for up gradation of Sub-Transmission and Distribution systems and reduction of aggregate Technical & Commercial losses under the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms (R-APDRP)

Project Management Consultancy X

Appointed by various DISCOMs as Project Management Agency to carry out completion of work under the DDUGJY & IPDS schemes Rajib Chattopadhyay Head BD & CRM Phone (D): 0265-3021505, Mobile: 9978940954 E-mail: rajib.chattopadhyay@erda.org

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

March 2017

2400/-

Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 “Bank of India”, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

103

ProductShowcase

quality "Made in Germany" and an attractive price are not mutually exclusive.

Work smart and networked

FLIR Launches Exx-Series Thermal Imaging Cameras FLIR Systems, Inc announced three new Exx-Series advanced thermal imaging cameras for electrical, mechanical, and building applications: the FLIR E75, E85, and E95. The redesigned, Wi-Fi-enabled E x x- S e r i e s features intelligent interchangeable lenses, laser-assisted autofocus modes and area measurement functionality, improvements to FLIR’s patented MSXÂŽ imaging technology, and a larger, more vibrant 4-inch touchscreen. In redesigning the Exx-Series, FLIR developed a new range of compact intelligent, interchangeable lenses that the camera automatically recognizes and calibrates, eliminating the need for manual calibration. The ExxSeries now also features laser distance measurement that assures precise autofocus to improve temperature PHDVXUHPHQW DFFXUDF\ DQG VSHFLĂ€FDOO\ IRU WKH )/,5 E85 and E95 models, provides the data for on-screen area measurement in square feet or meters. In addition, the FLIR E85 and E95 models offer increased thermal detector resolutions with up to 464Ă—348 (161,472 pixels), and measure temperatures up to 1,500 degrees Celsius. In conjunction with FLIR Tools™, the FLIR E75, E85, and ( DUH WKH Ă€UVW ([[ FDPHUDV WR RIIHU 8OWUD0D[Š )/,5¡V embedded, super-resolution process that improves effective resolution by four times – up to 645,888 pixels – and thermal sensitivity by up to 50 percent. All models DOVR IHDWXUH VLJQLĂ€FDQW LPSURYHPHQW WR )/,5¡V 06; technology, which now utilizes a 5-megapixel visual camera for improved image clarity and readability.

The new thermal imagers from Testo are Smart & Networked The measurement technology expert Testo launches four new thermal imagers in the market. The unbeatable price-performance ratio of the models testo 865, testo 868, testo 871 and testo 872 clearly show that top

106

Apart from the entry model testo 865, all thermal imagers can also be connected to the testo Thermography App. The App, available for iOS and Android, turns the user's smartphone into a second display and a remote control for the thermal imager, and serves to create compact reports quickly on site, to save them online and send them by e-mail. The models testo 871 and testo 872 can be additionally connected wirelessly with the thermohygrometer testo 605i and the clamp probe testo 770-3. This allows fast DQG FOHDU LGHQWLĂ€FDWLRQ RI ZKHUH H[DFWO\ WKH WKHUPRJUDSK\ is to be done in any given climatic condition or at what load a switching cabinet is running.

Automatic setting of emissivity 7KH VHWWLQJ RI HPLVVLYLW\ DQG UHĂ HFWHG WHPSHUDWXUH both indispensable for precise thermal images, were WLPH FRQVXPLQJ DQG ZLWK UHJDUG WR UHĂ HFWHG WHPSHUDWXUH were less than accurate by now. These irregularities can EH VROYHG ZLWK WKH WHVWR Äą $VVLVW ,Q RUGHU WR XVH WKLV IXQFWLRQ D VSHFLDO VWLFNHU Äą PDUNHU LV DWWDFKHG WR WKH measurement object. Via their integrated digital camera, the thermal imagers testo 868, testo 871 and testo 872 recognize the sticker, determine the emissivity and UHĂ HFWHG WHPSHUDWXUH DQG VHW ERWK YDOXHV DXWRPDWLFDOO\

Objectively comparable images The newly developed testo Scale Assist function solves the problem of the users by adjusting the colour distribution of the scale to the interior and exterior temperature of the measurement object and the difference between them. This ensures objectively comparable and error-free thermal images of the thermal insulation behaviour of a building. The thermal imagers testo 865, testo 868, testo 871 and testo 872 are now available directly from Testo or expert channel partners.

Testo India Established in 2006, with its headquarters in Lenzkirch in the Black Forest, Germany, Testo India Pvt. Ltd., a 100% subsidiary of Testo SE & Co. KGaA has shown phenomenal growth over the last 10 years with its head RIÀFH LQ 3XQH D 3$1 ,QGLD QHWZRUN At Testo, we understand the customer requirements; therefore, pay constant attention to new technology and our highest priority is Innovation. We, as a market leader take everything concerned with the product seriously: service, support and availability. We commit – before sale, after sale and in all phases of application. For more info: Write to info@testoindia.com or visit www.testo.in

March 2017

Take the giant leap to an energy-efficient future With SIMOTICS 1LE7 range of motors

For years, Siemens have been in the forefront of developing innovative motor technology. Taking this legacy forward, the SIMOTICS 1LE7 is the most advanced range of energy-efficient IE3 low voltage motors, manufactured in India. Backed with global network of skill sets and worldwide round the clock service, the SIMOTICS 1LE7 offers efficiency values higher than the existing standards and enables you to earn faster return on your investment. To move towards energy-efficient future, write to us today, at motors.in@siemens.com or call us on 1800 209 1800.

siemens.co.in/lv-motors

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.